* Merged changes from trunk [14636:14686/trunk].

git-svn-id: https://rathena.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/rathena/branches/renewal@14687 54d463be-8e91-2dee-dedb-b68131a5f0ec

25 files changed, 1047 insertions, 1239 deletions

diff --git a/src/map/atcommand.c b/src/map/atcommand.c
index 95b3dc33e..cebd881ce 100644
--- a/src/map/atcommand.c
+++ b/src/map/atcommand.c
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ static int atcommand_pvpoff_sub(struct block_list *bl,va_list ap)
 {
 	TBL_PC* sd = (TBL_PC*)bl;
 	clif_pvpset(sd, 0, 0, 2);
-	if (sd->pvp_timer != -1) {
+	if (sd->pvp_timer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer(sd->pvp_timer, pc_calc_pvprank_timer);
 		sd->pvp_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -1969,7 +1969,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(pvpoff)
 static int atcommand_pvpon_sub(struct block_list *bl,va_list ap)
 {
 	TBL_PC* sd = (TBL_PC*)bl;
-	if (sd->pvp_timer == -1) {
+	if (sd->pvp_timer == INVALID_TIMER) {
 		sd->pvp_timer = add_timer(gettick() + 200, pc_calc_pvprank_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
 		sd->pvp_rank = 0;
 		sd->pvp_lastusers = 0;
@@ -6095,7 +6095,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(autoloot)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * @autolootitem
+ * @alootid
  *------------------------------------------*/
 ACMD_FUNC(autolootitem)
 {
@@ -6104,9 +6104,9 @@ ACMD_FUNC(autolootitem)
 	if (!message || !*message) {
 		if (sd->state.autolootid) {
 			sd->state.autolootid = 0;
-			clif_displaymessage(fd, "Autolootitem have been turned OFF.");
+			clif_displaymessage(fd, "Autolootitem has been turned OFF.");
 		} else
-			clif_displaymessage(fd, "Please, enter Item name or its ID (usage: @autolootitem <item_name_or_ID>).");
+			clif_displaymessage(fd, "Please, enter item name or it's ID (usage: @alootid <item_name_or_ID>).");
 
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -6122,7 +6122,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(autolootitem)
 
 	sd->state.autolootid = item_data->nameid; // Autoloot Activated
 
-	sprintf(atcmd_output, "Autolooting Item: '%s'/'%s' {%d}",
+	sprintf(atcmd_output, "Autolooting item: '%s'/'%s' (%d)",
 		item_data->name, item_data->jname, item_data->nameid);
 	clif_displaymessage(fd, atcmd_output);
 
@@ -6741,7 +6741,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(unmute)
 	}
 
 	pl_sd->status.manner = 0;
-	status_change_end(&pl_sd->bl,SC_NOCHAT,-1);
+	status_change_end(&pl_sd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, INVALID_TIMER);
 	clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,"Player unmuted");
 	
 	return 0;
@@ -6815,7 +6815,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(mute)
 		sc_start(&pl_sd->bl,SC_NOCHAT,100,0,0);
 	} else {
 		pl_sd->status.manner = 0;
-		status_change_end(&pl_sd->bl,SC_NOCHAT,-1);
+		status_change_end(&pl_sd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	clif_GM_silence(sd, pl_sd, (manner > 0 ? 1 : 0));
@@ -6986,7 +6986,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(mobinfo)
 		strcpy(atcmd_output, " ");
 		j = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < MAX_MOB_DROP; i++) {
-			if (mob->dropitem[i].nameid <= 0 || mob->dropitem[i].p < 1 || (item_data = itemdb_search(mob->dropitem[i].nameid)) == NULL)
+			if (mob->dropitem[i].nameid <= 0 || mob->dropitem[i].p < 1 || (item_data = itemdb_exists(mob->dropitem[i].nameid)) == NULL)
 				continue;
 			if (item_data->slot)
 				sprintf(atcmd_output2, " - %s[%d]  %02.02f%%", item_data->jname, item_data->slot, (float)mob->dropitem[i].p / 100);
@@ -7009,7 +7009,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(mobinfo)
 			strcpy(atcmd_output, " MVP Items:");
 			j = 0;
 			for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-				if (mob->mvpitem[i].nameid <= 0 || (item_data = itemdb_search(mob->mvpitem[i].nameid)) == NULL)
+				if (mob->mvpitem[i].nameid <= 0 || (item_data = itemdb_exists(mob->mvpitem[i].nameid)) == NULL)
 					continue;
 				if (mob->mvpitem[i].p > 0) {
 					j++;
@@ -7115,19 +7115,18 @@ ACMD_FUNC(homlevel)
 
 	nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-	if (!message || !*message) {
-		clif_displaymessage(fd, "Please, enter a level adjustment: (usage: @homlevel <+/- # of levels>.");
+	if ( !message || !*message || ( level = atoi(message) ) < 1 ) {
+		clif_displaymessage(fd, "Please, enter a level adjustment: (usage: @homlevel <# of levels to level up>.");
 		return -1;
 	}
-		
+
 	if ( !merc_is_hom_active(sd->hd) ) {
 		clif_displaymessage(fd, "You do not have a homunculus.");
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	level = atoi(message);
 	hd = sd->hd;
-	
+
 	for (i = 1; i <= level && hd->exp_next; i++){
 		hd->homunculus.exp += hd->exp_next;
 		merc_hom_levelup(hd);
@@ -7616,8 +7615,8 @@ static int atcommand_mutearea_sub(struct block_list *bl,va_list ap)
 		pl_sd->status.manner -= time;
 		if (pl_sd->status.manner < 0)
 			sc_start(&pl_sd->bl,SC_NOCHAT,100,0,0);
-		else if (pl_sd->sc.data[SC_NOCHAT])
-			status_change_end(&pl_sd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, -1);
+		else
+			status_change_end(&pl_sd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -7964,6 +7963,13 @@ ACMD_FUNC(accept)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if( duel_list[sd->duel_invite].max_players_limit > 0 && duel_list[sd->duel_invite].members_count >= duel_list[sd->duel_invite].max_players_limit )
+	{
+		// "Duel: Limit of players is reached."
+		clif_displaymessage(fd, msg_txt(351));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	duel_accept(sd->duel_invite, sd);
 	// "Duel: Invitation has been accepted."
 	clif_displaymessage(fd, msg_txt(361));
@@ -8015,30 +8021,6 @@ ACMD_FUNC(cash)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/*===================================
- * Away message (@away, @aw) [LuzZza]
- *-----------------------------------*/
-ACMD_FUNC(away)
-{
-	if(strlen(message) > 0) {
-		if(strlen(message) > 128)
-			return -1;
-		strcpy(sd->away_message, message);
-		//"Away automessage has been activated."
-		clif_displaymessage(fd, msg_txt(546));
-	} else {
-		if(strlen(sd->away_message) > 0) {
-			sd->away_message[0] = 0;
-			//"Away automessage has been disabled."
-			clif_displaymessage(fd, msg_txt(547));
-			return 0;
-		}
-		//"Usage: @away,@aw <message>. Enter empty message for disable it."
-		clif_displaymessage(fd, msg_txt(548));
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 // @clone/@slaveclone/@evilclone <playername> [Valaris]
 ACMD_FUNC(clone)
 {
@@ -8323,7 +8305,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(itemlist)
 		const struct item* it = &items[i];
 		struct item_data* itd;
 
-		if( it->nameid == 0 || (itd = itemdb_search(it->nameid)) == NULL )
+		if( it->nameid == 0 || (itd = itemdb_exists(it->nameid)) == NULL )
 			continue;
 
 		counter += it->amount;
@@ -8406,7 +8388,7 @@ ACMD_FUNC(itemlist)
 			{
 				struct item_data* card;
 
-				if( it->card[j] == 0 || (card = itemdb_search(it->card[j])) == NULL )
+				if( it->card[j] == 0 || (card = itemdb_exists(it->card[j])) == NULL )
 					continue;
 
 				counter2++;
@@ -8872,8 +8854,6 @@ AtCommandInfo atcommand_info[] = {
 	{ "leave",              1,1,      atcommand_leave },
 	{ "accept",             1,1,      atcommand_accept },
 	{ "reject",             1,1,      atcommand_reject },
-	{ "away",               1,1,      atcommand_away },
-	{ "aw",                 1,1,      atcommand_away },
 	{ "main",               1,1,      atcommand_main },
 	{ "clone",             50,50,     atcommand_clone },
 	{ "slaveclone",        50,50,     atcommand_clone },
@@ -9118,8 +9098,8 @@ int atcommand_config_read(const char* cfgName)
 			}
 			else {
 				p->level2 = atoi(w3);
-				p->level2 = cap_value(p->level2, 0, 100);
 			}
+			p->level2 = cap_value(p->level2, 0, 100);
 		}
 		else
 		if( strcmpi(w1, "import") == 0 )
diff --git a/src/map/battle.c b/src/map/battle.c
index 32def23f3..3e58c1209 100644
--- a/src/map/battle.c
+++ b/src/map/battle.c
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ int battle_delay_damage_sub(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	struct block_list *target = map_id2bl(dat->target);
 	if (target && dat && map_id2bl(id) == dat->src && target->prev != NULL && !status_isdead(target) &&
 		target->m == dat->src->m &&
-		(target->type != BL_PC || ((TBL_PC*)target)->invincible_timer == -1) &&
+		(target->type != BL_PC || ((TBL_PC*)target)->invincible_timer == INVALID_TIMER) &&
 		check_distance_bl(dat->src, target, dat->distance)) //Check to see if you haven't teleported. [Skotlex]
 	{
 		map_freeblock_lock();
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ int battle_attr_fix(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target, int damag
 		if( tsc->data[SC_SPIDERWEB]->val2-- > 0 )
 			damage <<= 1; // double damage
 		if( tsc->data[SC_SPIDERWEB]->val2 == 0 )
-			status_change_end(target,SC_SPIDERWEB,-1);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_SPIDERWEB, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 	return damage*ratio/100;
 }
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 				d->dmg_lv = ATK_BLOCK;
 				return 0;
 			}
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_SAFETYWALL,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_SAFETYWALL, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 
 		if( sc->data[SC_PNEUMA] && (flag&(BF_MAGIC|BF_LONG)) == BF_LONG )
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 			//Shouldn't end until Breaker's non-weapon part connects.
 			if (skill_num != ASC_BREAKER || !(flag&BF_WEAPON))
 				if (--(sce->val3) <= 0) //We make it work like Safety Wall, even though it only blocks 1 time.
-					status_change_end(bl, SC_KAUPE, -1);
+					status_change_end(bl, SC_KAUPE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			return 0;
 		}
 
@@ -395,9 +395,9 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 			}
 			//Both need to be consumed if they are active.
 			if (sce && --(sce->val2) <= 0)
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_UTSUSEMI, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_UTSUSEMI, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if ((sce=sc->data[SC_BUNSINJYUTSU]) && --(sce->val2) <= 0)
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_BUNSINJYUTSU, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_BUNSINJYUTSU, INVALID_TIMER);
 			return 0;
 		}
 
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 				damage <<= 1; // Lex Aeterna only doubles damage of regular attacks from mercenaries
 
 			if( skill_num != ASC_BREAKER || !(flag&BF_WEAPON) )
-				status_change_end( bl,SC_AETERNA,-1 ); //Shouldn't end until Breaker's non-weapon part connects.
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_AETERNA, INVALID_TIMER); //Shouldn't end until Breaker's non-weapon part connects.
 		}
 
 		//Finally damage reductions....
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 			per /=20; //Uses 20% SP intervals.
 			//SP Cost: 1% + 0.5% per every 20% SP
 			if (!status_charge(bl, 0, (10+5*per)*status->max_sp/1000))
-				status_change_end( bl,SC_ENERGYCOAT,-1 );
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_ENERGYCOAT, INVALID_TIMER);
 			//Reduction: 6% + 6% every 20%
 			damage -= damage * 6 * (1+per) / 100;
 		}
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 			status_fix_damage(bl,src,damage,clif_damage(bl,src,gettick(),0,0,damage,0,0,0));
 			clif_skill_nodamage(bl,bl,ST_REJECTSWORD,sce->val1,1);
 			if(--(sce->val3)<=0)
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_REJECTSWORD, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_REJECTSWORD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 
 		//Finally Kyrie because it may, or not, reduce damage to 0.
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *bl,struct Damag
 				  	damage=-sce->val2;
 			}
 			if((--sce->val3)<=0 || (sce->val2<=0) || skill_num == AL_HOLYLIGHT)
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_KYRIE, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_KYRIE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 
 		if (!damage) return 0;
@@ -3090,7 +3090,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 	}
 
 	if (sc && sc->data[SC_CLOAKING] && !(sc->data[SC_CLOAKING]->val4&2))
-		status_change_end(src,SC_CLOAKING,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	if( tsc && tsc->data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER] && status_check_skilluse(target, src, KN_AUTOCOUNTER, 1) )
 	{
@@ -3102,7 +3102,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 			int skilllv = tsc->data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER]->val1;
 			clif_skillcastcancel(target); //Remove the casting bar. [Skotlex]
 			clif_damage(src, target, tick, sstatus->amotion, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0); //Display MISS.
-			status_change_end(target,SC_AUTOCOUNTER,-1);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_AUTOCOUNTER, INVALID_TIMER);
 			skill_attack(BF_WEAPON,target,target,src,KN_AUTOCOUNTER,skilllv,tick,0);
 			return ATK_NONE;
 		}
@@ -3112,7 +3112,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 	{
 		int skilllv = tsc->data[SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT]->val1;
 		int duration = skill_get_time2(MO_BLADESTOP,skilllv);
-		status_change_end(target, SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT, -1);
+		status_change_end(target, SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		if(sc_start4(src, SC_BLADESTOP, 100, sd?pc_checkskill(sd, MO_BLADESTOP):5, 0, 0, target->id, duration))
 	  	{	//Target locked.
 			clif_damage(src, target, tick, sstatus->amotion, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0); //Display MISS.
@@ -3128,7 +3128,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 		if (sc && sc->data[SC_SKILLRATE_UP] && sc->data[SC_SKILLRATE_UP]->val1 == MO_TRIPLEATTACK)
 		{
 			triple_rate+= triple_rate*(sc->data[SC_SKILLRATE_UP]->val2)/100;
-			status_change_end(src,SC_SKILLRATE_UP,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_SKILLRATE_UP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		if (rand()%100 < triple_rate)
 			//FIXME: invalid return type!
@@ -3142,7 +3142,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 			int skilllv = sc->data[SC_SACRIFICE]->val1;
 
 			if( --sc->data[SC_SACRIFICE]->val2 <= 0 )
-				status_change_end(src, SC_SACRIFICE,-1);
+				status_change_end(src, SC_SACRIFICE, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 			status_zap(src, sstatus->max_hp*9/100, 0);//Damage to self is always 9%
 
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 			return (damage_lv)skill_attack(BF_MAGIC,src,src,target,NPC_MAGICALATTACK,sc->data[SC_MAGICALATTACK]->val1,tick,0);
 	}
 
-	if(tsc && tsc->data[SC_KAAHI] && tsc->data[SC_KAAHI]->val4 == -1 && tstatus->hp < tstatus->max_hp)
+	if(tsc && tsc->data[SC_KAAHI] && tsc->data[SC_KAAHI]->val4 == INVALID_TIMER && tstatus->hp < tstatus->max_hp)
 		tsc->data[SC_KAAHI]->val4 = add_timer(tick + skill_get_time2(SL_KAAHI,tsc->data[SC_KAAHI]->val1), kaahi_heal_timer, target->id, SC_KAAHI); //Activate heal.
 
 	wd = battle_calc_attack(BF_WEAPON, src, target, 0, 0, flag);	
@@ -3197,7 +3197,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 			status_fix_damage(NULL, d_bl, damage, 0);
 		}
 		else
-			status_change_end(target, SC_DEVOTION, -1);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_DEVOTION, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	if (sc && sc->data[SC_AUTOSPELL] && rand()%100 < sc->data[SC_AUTOSPELL]->val4) {
@@ -3256,7 +3256,7 @@ enum damage_lv battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* t
 				--sce->val2;
 			}
 			if (sce->val2 <= 0)
-				status_change_end(target, SC_POISONREACT, -1);
+				status_change_end(target, SC_POISONREACT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 	}
 	map_freeblock_unlock();
@@ -3344,7 +3344,7 @@ int battle_check_target( struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,int f
 	switch( target->type )
 	{ // Checks on actual target
 		case BL_PC:
-			if (((TBL_PC*)target)->invincible_timer != -1 || pc_isinvisible((TBL_PC*)target))
+			if (((TBL_PC*)target)->invincible_timer != INVALID_TIMER || pc_isinvisible((TBL_PC*)target))
 				return -1; //Cannot be targeted yet.
 			break;
 		case BL_MOB:
diff --git a/src/map/chrif.c b/src/map/chrif.c
index a9634d2c2..c4eeea3d9 100644
--- a/src/map/chrif.c
+++ b/src/map/chrif.c
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ static DBMap* auth_db; // int id -> struct auth_node*
 
 static const int packet_len_table[0x3d] = { // U - used, F - free
 	60, 3,-1,27,10,-1, 6,-1,	// 2af8-2aff: U->2af8, U->2af9, U->2afa, U->2afb, U->2afc, U->2afd, U->2afe, U->2aff
-	 6,-1,18, 7,-1,35,30,-1,	// 2b00-2b07: U->2b00, U->2b01, U->2b02, U->2b03, U->2b04, U->2b05, U->2b06, F->2b07
-	 6,30,-1,-1,86, 7,44,34,	// 2b08-2b0f: U->2b08, U->2b09, F->2b0a, F->2b0b, U->2b0c, U->2b0d, U->2b0e, U->2b0f
-	11,10,10, 6,11,-1,266,10,	// 2b10-2b17: U->2b10, U->2b11, U->2b12, U->2b13, U->2b14, F->2b15, U->2b16, U->2b17
+	 6,-1,18, 7,-1,35,30, 0,	// 2b00-2b07: U->2b00, U->2b01, U->2b02, U->2b03, U->2b04, U->2b05, U->2b06, F->2b07
+	 6,30, 0, 0,86, 7,44,34,	// 2b08-2b0f: U->2b08, U->2b09, F->2b0a, F->2b0b, U->2b0c, U->2b0d, U->2b0e, U->2b0f
+	11,10,10, 0,11, 0,266,10,	// 2b10-2b17: U->2b10, U->2b11, U->2b12, F->2b13, U->2b14, F->2b15, U->2b16, U->2b17
 	 2,10, 2,-1,-1,-1, 2, 7,	// 2b18-2b1f: U->2b18, U->2b19, U->2b1a, U->2b1b, U->2b1c, U->2b1d, U->2b1e, U->2b1f
 	-1,10, 8, 2, 2,14,19,19,	// 2b20-2b27: U->2b20, U->2b21, U->2b22, U->2b23, U->2b24, U->2b25, U->2b26, U->2b27
 };
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static const int packet_len_table[0x3d] = { // U - used, F - free
 //2b10: Outgoing, chrif_updatefamelist -> 'Update the fame ranking lists and send them'
 //2b11: Outgoing, chrif_divorce -> 'tell the charserver to do divorce'
 //2b12: Incoming, chrif_divorceack -> 'divorce chars
-//2b13: Incoming, chrif_accountdeletion -> 'Delete acc XX, if the player is on, kick ....'
+//2b13: FREE
 //2b14: Incoming, chrif_accountban -> 'not sure: kick the player with message XY'
 //2b15: FREE
 //2b16: Outgoing, chrif_ragsrvinfo -> 'sends base / job / drop rates ....'
@@ -942,32 +942,6 @@ int chrif_deadopt(int father_id, int mother_id, int child_id)
 
 	return 0;
 }
-/*==========================================
- * Disconnection of a player (account has been deleted in login-server) by [Yor]
- *------------------------------------------*/
-int chrif_accountdeletion(int fd)
-{
-	int acc;
-	struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-	acc = RFIFOL(fd,2);
-	if (battle_config.etc_log)
-		ShowNotice("chrif_accountdeletion %d.\n", acc);
-	sd = map_id2sd(acc);
-	if (acc > 0) {
-		if (sd != NULL) {
-			sd->login_id1++; // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
-			clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Your account has been deleted (disconnection)...");
-			set_eof(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
-			map_quit(sd); // Remove leftovers (e.g. autotrading) [Paradox924X]
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (sd != NULL)
-			ShowError("chrif_accountdeletion failed - player not online.\n");
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
 
 /*==========================================
  * Disconnection of a player (account has been banned of has a status, from login-server) by [Yor]
@@ -1169,7 +1143,7 @@ int chrif_save_scdata(struct map_session_data *sd)
 	{
 		if (!sc->data[i])
 			continue;
-		if (sc->data[i]->timer != -1)
+		if (sc->data[i]->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		{
 			timer = get_timer(sc->data[i]->timer);
 			if (timer == NULL || timer->func != status_change_timer || DIFF_TICK(timer->tick,tick) < 0)
@@ -1426,7 +1400,6 @@ int chrif_parse(int fd)
 		case 0x2b0d: chrif_changedsex(fd); break;
 		case 0x2b0f: chrif_char_ask_name_answer(RFIFOL(fd,2), (char*)RFIFOP(fd,6), RFIFOW(fd,30), RFIFOW(fd,32)); break;
 		case 0x2b12: chrif_divorceack(RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6)); break;
-		case 0x2b13: chrif_accountdeletion(fd); break;
 		case 0x2b14: chrif_accountban(fd); break;
 		case 0x2b1b: chrif_recvfamelist(fd); break;
 		case 0x2b1d: chrif_load_scdata(fd); break;
diff --git a/src/map/clif.c b/src/map/clif.c
index c5796555a..b724ddbab 100644
--- a/src/map/clif.c
+++ b/src/map/clif.c
@@ -5599,9 +5599,9 @@ void clif_closevendingboard(struct block_list* bl, int fd)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Sends a list of items in a shop
+ * Sends a list of items in a shop (ZC_PC_PURCHASE_ITEMLIST_FROMMC/ZC_PC_PURCHASE_ITEMLIST_FROMMC2)
  * R 0133 <len>.w <ID>.l {<value>.l <amount>.w <index>.w <type>.B <item ID>.w <identify flag>.B <attribute?>.B <refine>.B <card>.4w}.22B
- * R 0800 <len>.w <ID>.l <ID?>.l {<value>.l  <amount>.w <index>.w <type>.B <item ID>.w <identify flag>.B <attribute?>.B <refine>.B <card>.4w}.22B
+ * R 0800 <len>.w <ID>.l <UniqueID>.l {<value>.l  <amount>.w <index>.w <type>.B <item ID>.w <identify flag>.B <attribute?>.B <refine>.B <card>.4w}.22B
  *------------------------------------------*/
 void clif_vendinglist(struct map_session_data* sd, int id, struct s_vending* vending)
 {
@@ -5628,7 +5628,7 @@ void clif_vendinglist(struct map_session_data* sd, int id, struct s_vending* ven
 	WFIFOW(fd,2) = offset+count*22;
 	WFIFOL(fd,4) = id;
 #if PACKETVER >= 20100105
-	WFIFOL(fd,8) = vsd->status.char_id;
+	WFIFOL(fd,8) = vsd->vender_id;
 #endif
 
 	for( i = 0; i < count; i++ )
@@ -5649,12 +5649,14 @@ void clif_vendinglist(struct map_session_data* sd, int id, struct s_vending* ven
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Shop purchase failure
+ * Shop purchase failure (ZC_PC_PURCHASE_RESULT_FROMMC)
  * R 0135 <index>.w <amount>.w <fail>.B
  * fail=1 - not enough zeny
  * fail=2 - overweight
  * fail=4 - out of stock
  * fail=5 - "cannot use an npc shop while in a trade"
+ * fail=6 - Because the store information was incorrect the item was not purchased.
+ * fail=7 - No sales information.
  *------------------------------------------*/
 void clif_buyvending(struct map_session_data* sd, int index, int amount, int fail)
 {
@@ -8398,8 +8400,8 @@ void clif_parse_LoadEndAck(int fd,struct map_session_data *sd)
 		clif_refreshlook(&sd->bl,sd->bl.id,LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,sd->vd.cloth_color,SELF);
 
 	// item
+	clif_inventorylist(sd);  // inventory list first, otherwise deleted items in pc_checkitem show up as 'unknown item'
 	pc_checkitem(sd);
-	clif_inventorylist(sd);
 	
 	// cart
 	if(pc_iscarton(sd)) {
@@ -8724,11 +8726,13 @@ void clif_progressbar_abort(struct map_session_data * sd)
 
 void clif_parse_progressbar(int fd, struct map_session_data * sd)
 {
+	int npc_id = sd->progressbar.npc_id;
+
 	if( gettick() < sd->progressbar.timeout && sd->st )
 		sd->st->state = END;
 
-	npc_scriptcont(sd, sd->progressbar.npc_id);
 	sd->progressbar.npc_id = sd->progressbar.timeout = 0;
+	npc_scriptcont(sd, npc_id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -9075,7 +9079,7 @@ void clif_parse_ActionRequest_sub(struct map_session_data *sd, int action_type,
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if (sd->ud.skilltimer != -1 || sd->sc.opt1)
+		if (sd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER || sd->sc.opt1)
 			break;
 
 		if (sd->sc.count && (
@@ -9279,19 +9283,6 @@ void clif_parse_WisMessage(int fd, struct map_session_data* sd)
 	// notify sender of success
 	clif_wis_end(fd, 0); // 0: success to send wisper
 
-	// if player has an auto-away message
-	if(dstsd->away_message[0] != '\0')
-	{
-		char output[256];
-		sprintf(output, "%s %s", message, msg_txt(543)); // "(Automessage has been sent)"
-		clif_wis_message(dstsd->fd, sd->status.name, output, strlen(output) + 1);
-		if(dstsd->state.autotrade)
-			sprintf(output, msg_txt(544), dstsd->away_message); // "Away [AT] - "%s""
-		else
-			sprintf(output, msg_txt(545), dstsd->away_message); // "Away - "%s""
-		clif_wis_message(fd, dstsd->status.name, output, strlen(output) + 1);
-		return;
-	}
 	// Normal message
 	clif_wis_message(dstsd->fd, sd->status.name, message, messagelen);
 	return;
@@ -9562,9 +9553,11 @@ void clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend(int fd, struct map_session_data* sd)
 	WFIFOSET(fd,packet_len(0xca));
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------*/
+/// Request to sell chosen items to npc shop
+/// R 00c9 <packet len>.W {<index>.W <amount>.W}.4B*
+/// S 00cb <result>.B
+/// result = 00 -> "The deal has successfully completed."
+/// result = 01 -> "The deal has failed."
 void clif_parse_NpcSellListSend(int fd,struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
 	int fail=0,n;
@@ -9848,7 +9841,7 @@ static void clif_parse_UseSkillToId_homun(struct homun_data *hd, struct map_sess
 		return;
 	if( hd->bl.id != target_id && skill_get_inf(skillnum)&INF_SELF_SKILL )
 		target_id = hd->bl.id;
-	if( hd->ud.skilltimer != -1 )
+	if( hd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER )
 	{
 		if( skillnum != SA_CASTCANCEL ) return;
 	}
@@ -9958,7 +9951,7 @@ void clif_parse_UseSkillToId(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 	if( target_id < 0 && -target_id == sd->bl.id ) // for disguises [Valaris]
 		target_id = sd->bl.id;
 	
-	if( sd->ud.skilltimer != -1 )
+	if( sd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER )
 	{
 		if( skillnum != SA_CASTCANCEL )
 			return;
@@ -10050,7 +10043,7 @@ void clif_parse_UseSkillToPosSub(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, short skil
 		safestrncpy(sd->message, (char*)RFIFOP(fd,skillmoreinfo), MESSAGE_SIZE);
 	}
 
-	if( sd->ud.skilltimer != -1 )
+	if( sd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER )
 		return;
 
 	if( DIFF_TICK(tick, sd->ud.canact_tick) < 0 )
@@ -10880,7 +10873,7 @@ void clif_parse_VendingListReq(int fd, struct map_session_data* sd)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Shop item(s) purchase request
+ * Shop item(s) purchase request (CZ_PC_PURCHASE_ITEMLIST_FROMMC)
  * S 0134 <len>.w <ID>.l {<amount>.w <index>.w}.4B*
  *------------------------------------------*/
 void clif_parse_PurchaseReq(int fd, struct map_session_data* sd)
@@ -10889,21 +10882,27 @@ void clif_parse_PurchaseReq(int fd, struct map_session_data* sd)
 	int id = (int)RFIFOL(fd,4);
 	const uint8* data = (uint8*)RFIFOP(fd,8);
 
-	vending_purchasereq(sd, id, -1, data, len/4);
+	vending_purchasereq(sd, id, sd->vended_id, data, len/4);
+
+	// whether it fails or not, the buy window is closed
+	sd->vended_id = 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Shop item(s) purchase request
- * S 0134/0801 <len>.w <AID>.l <CID>.l {<amount>.w <index>.w}.4B*
+ * Shop item(s) purchase request (CZ_PC_PURCHASE_ITEMLIST_FROMMC2)
+ * S 0801 <len>.w <AID>.l <UniqueID>.l {<amount>.w <index>.w}.4B*
  *------------------------------------------*/
 void clif_parse_PurchaseReq2(int fd, struct map_session_data* sd)
 {
 	int len = (int)RFIFOW(fd,2) - 12;
 	int aid = (int)RFIFOL(fd,4);
-	int cid = (int)RFIFOL(fd,8);
+	int uid = (int)RFIFOL(fd,8);
 	const uint8* data = (uint8*)RFIFOP(fd,12);
 
-	vending_purchasereq(sd, aid, cid, data, len/4);
+	vending_purchasereq(sd, aid, uid, data, len/4);
+
+	// whether it fails or not, the buy window is closed
+	sd->vended_id = 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -11615,7 +11614,7 @@ void clif_parse_GMReqNoChat(int fd,struct map_session_data *sd)
 			sc_start(&dstsd->bl,SC_NOCHAT,100,0,0);
 		} else {
 			dstsd->status.manner = 0;
-			status_change_end(&dstsd->bl,SC_NOCHAT,-1);
+			status_change_end(&dstsd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 
 		if( type != 2 )
@@ -11674,7 +11673,7 @@ void clif_parse_GMReqAccountName(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  * S 0198 <x>.W <y>.W <gat>.W
  *------------------------------------------*/
 void clif_parse_GMChangeMapType(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{// FIXME: type sent by client is 0 or 1 (even if you enter 2+); that suggests, that it is walkable gat attribute
+{
 	int x,y,type;
 
 	if( battle_config.atc_gmonly && !pc_isGM(sd) )
@@ -12013,7 +12012,6 @@ void clif_parse_FriendsListReply(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 	account_id = RFIFOL(fd,2);
 	char_id = RFIFOL(fd,6);
 	reply = RFIFOB(fd,10);
-	//printf ("reply: %d %d %d\n", char_id, id, reply);
 
 	f_sd = map_id2sd(account_id); //The account id is the same as the bl.id of players.
 	if (f_sd == NULL)
@@ -12096,20 +12094,20 @@ void clif_parse_FriendsListRemove(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * /pvpinfo
+ * /pvpinfo (CZ_REQ_PVPPOINT & ZC_ACK_PVPPOINT)
+ * R 020f <char id>.L <account id>.L
+ * S 0210 <char id>.L <account id>.L <win point>.L <lose point>.L <point>.L
  *------------------------------------------*/
 void clif_parse_PVPInfo(int fd,struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
 	WFIFOHEAD(fd,packet_len(0x210));
 	WFIFOW(fd,0) = 0x210;
-	//WFIFOL(fd,2) = 0;	// not sure what for yet
-	//WFIFOL(fd,6) = 0;
+	WFIFOL(fd,2) = sd->status.char_id;
+	WFIFOL(fd,6) = sd->status.account_id;
 	WFIFOL(fd,10) = sd->pvp_won;	// times won
 	WFIFOL(fd,14) = sd->pvp_lost;	// times lost
 	WFIFOL(fd,18) = sd->pvp_point;
 	WFIFOSET(fd, packet_len(0x210));
-
-	return;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -12584,7 +12582,7 @@ void clif_Mail_read(struct map_session_data *sd, int mail_id)
 		WFIFOL(fd,72) = 0;
 		WFIFOL(fd,76) = msg->zeny;
 
-		if( item->nameid && (data = itemdb_search(item->nameid)) != NULL )
+		if( item->nameid && (data = itemdb_exists(item->nameid)) != NULL )
 		{
 			WFIFOL(fd,80) = item->amount;
 			WFIFOW(fd,84) = (data->view_id)?data->view_id:item->nameid;
@@ -12650,7 +12648,7 @@ void clif_parse_Mail_getattach(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 		struct item_data *data;
 		unsigned int weight;
 
-		if ((data = itemdb_search(sd->mail.inbox.msg[i].item.nameid)) == NULL)
+		if ((data = itemdb_exists(sd->mail.inbox.msg[i].item.nameid)) == NULL)
 			return;
 
 		switch( pc_checkadditem(sd, data->nameid, sd->mail.inbox.msg[i].item.amount) )
@@ -12863,7 +12861,7 @@ void clif_Auction_results(struct map_session_data *sd, short count, short pages,
 		WFIFOL(fd,k) = auction.auction_id;
 		safestrncpy((char*)WFIFOP(fd,4+k), auction.seller_name, NAME_LENGTH);
 
-		if( (item = itemdb_search(auction.item.nameid)) != NULL && item->view_id > 0 )
+		if( (item = itemdb_exists(auction.item.nameid)) != NULL && item->view_id > 0 )
 			WFIFOW(fd,28+k) = item->view_id;
 		else
 			WFIFOW(fd,28+k) = auction.item.nameid;
@@ -12924,7 +12922,7 @@ void clif_parse_Auction_setitem(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if( (item = itemdb_search(sd->status.inventory[idx].nameid)) != NULL && !(item->type == IT_ARMOR || item->type == IT_PETARMOR || item->type == IT_WEAPON || item->type == IT_CARD || item->type == IT_ETC) )
+	if( (item = itemdb_exists(sd->status.inventory[idx].nameid)) != NULL && !(item->type == IT_ARMOR || item->type == IT_PETARMOR || item->type == IT_WEAPON || item->type == IT_CARD || item->type == IT_ETC) )
 	{ // Consumible or pets are not allowed
 		clif_Auction_setitem(sd->fd, idx, true);
 		return;
@@ -13025,7 +13023,7 @@ void clif_parse_Auction_register(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if( (item = itemdb_search(sd->status.inventory[sd->auction.index].nameid)) == NULL )
+	if( (item = itemdb_exists(sd->status.inventory[sd->auction.index].nameid)) == NULL )
 	{ // Just in case
 		clif_Auction_message(fd, 2); // The auction has been canceled
 		return;
@@ -13139,6 +13137,31 @@ void clif_cashshop_show(struct map_session_data *sd, struct npc_data *nd)
 	WFIFOSET(fd,WFIFOW(fd,2));
 }
 
+/// Cashshop Buy Ack (ZC_PC_CASH_POINT_UPDATE)
+/// S 0289 <cash point>.L <kafra point>.L <error>.W
+///
+/// @param error
+/// 0: The deal has successfully completed. (ERROR_TYPE_NONE)
+/// 1: The Purchase has failed because the NPC does not exist. (ERROR_TYPE_NPC)
+/// 2: The Purchase has failed because the Kafra Shop System is not working correctly. (ERROR_TYPE_SYSTEM)
+/// 3: You are over your Weight Limit. (ERROR_TYPE_INVENTORY_WEIGHT)
+/// 4: You cannot purchase items while you are in a trade. (ERROR_TYPE_EXCHANGE)
+/// 5: The Purchase has failed because the Item Information was incorrect. (ERROR_TYPE_ITEM_ID)
+/// 6: You do not have enough Kafra Credit Points. (ERROR_TYPE_MONEY)
+/// 7: You can purchase up to 10 items.
+/// 8: Some items could not be purchased.
+void clif_cashshop_ack(struct map_session_data* sd, int error)
+{
+	int fd = sd->fd;
+
+	WFIFOHEAD(fd, packet_len(0x289));
+	WFIFOW(fd,0) = 0x289;
+	WFIFOL(fd,2) = sd->cashPoints;
+	WFIFOL(fd,6) = sd->kafraPoints;
+	WFIFOW(fd,10) = TOW(error);
+	WFIFOSET(fd, packet_len(0x289));
+}
+
 void clif_parse_cashshop_buy(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
 	int fail = 0, amount, points;
@@ -13154,12 +13177,7 @@ void clif_parse_cashshop_buy(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 	else
 		fail = npc_cashshop_buy(sd, nameid, amount, points);
 
-	WFIFOHEAD(fd,12);
-	WFIFOW(fd,0) = 0x289;
-	WFIFOL(fd,2) = sd->cashPoints;
-	WFIFOL(fd,6) = sd->kafraPoints;
-	WFIFOW(fd,10) = fail;
-	WFIFOSET(fd,12);
+	clif_cashshop_ack(sd, fail);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -13248,7 +13266,7 @@ void clif_bossmapinfo(int fd, struct mob_data *md, short flag)
 			else
 				WFIFOB(fd,2) = 2; // First Time
 		}
-		else if (md->spawn_timer != -1)
+		else if (md->spawn_timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		{ // Boss is Dead
 			const struct TimerData * timer_data = get_timer(md->spawn_timer);
 			unsigned int seconds;
@@ -14268,7 +14286,7 @@ static int packetdb_readdb(void)
 	    6,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
 	    0,  0,  0,  0,  8,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
 	//#0x0280
-	    0,  0,  0,  6,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  8, 18,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
+	    0,  0,  0,  6,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 12, 18,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
 	    0,  4,  0, 70,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
 	    0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
 	   85, -1, -1,107,  6, -1,  7,  7, 22,191,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
@@ -14579,6 +14597,7 @@ static int packetdb_readdb(void)
 		{clif_parse_PartyBookingUpdateReq,"bookingupdatereq"},
 		{clif_parse_PartyBookingDeleteReq,"bookingdelreq"},
 #endif
+		{clif_parse_PVPInfo,"pvpinfo"},
 		{NULL,NULL}
 	};
 
diff --git a/src/map/clif.h b/src/map/clif.h
index ded8ece30..8e9f2be7a 100644
--- a/src/map/clif.h
+++ b/src/map/clif.h
@@ -461,8 +461,6 @@ int clif_friendslist_toggle_sub(struct map_session_data *sd,va_list ap);
 void clif_friendslist_send(struct map_session_data *sd);
 void clif_friendslist_reqack(struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *f_sd, int type);
 
-// [Valaris]
-int clif_mob_hp(struct mob_data *md);
 void clif_weather(int m); // [Valaris]
 int clif_specialeffect(struct block_list* bl, int type, enum send_target target); // special effects [Valaris]
 void clif_specialeffect_single(struct block_list* bl, int type, int fd);
diff --git a/src/map/guild.c b/src/map/guild.c
index f90fc8946..7b20808d6 100644
--- a/src/map/guild.c
+++ b/src/map/guild.c
@@ -103,46 +103,34 @@ int guild_checkskill(struct guild *g,int id)
 /*==========================================
  * guild_skill_tree.txt reading - from jA [Komurka]
  *------------------------------------------*/
-int guild_read_guildskill_tree_db(void)
-{
-	int i,k,id=0,ln=0;
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024],*p;
+static bool guild_read_guildskill_tree_db(char* split[], int columns, int current)
+{// <skill id>,<max lv>,<req id1>,<req lv1>,<req id2>,<req lv2>,<req id3>,<req lv3>,<req id4>,<req lv4>,<req id5>,<req lv5>
+	int k, id, skillid;
 
-	memset(guild_skill_tree,0,sizeof(guild_skill_tree));
-	sprintf(line, "%s/guild_skill_tree.txt", db_path);
-	if( (fp=fopen(line,"r"))==NULL){
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return -1;
+	skillid = atoi(split[0]);
+	id = skillid - GD_SKILLBASE;
+
+	if( id < 0 || id >= MAX_GUILDSKILL )
+	{
+		ShowWarning("guild_read_guildskill_tree_db: Invalid skill id %d.\n", skillid);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	guild_skill_tree[id].id = skillid;
+	guild_skill_tree[id].max = atoi(split[1]);
+
+	if( guild_skill_tree[id].id == GD_GLORYGUILD && battle_config.require_glory_guild && guild_skill_tree[id].max == 0 )
+	{// enable guild's glory when required for emblems
+		guild_skill_tree[id].max = 1;
 	}
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
+
+	for( k = 0; k < 5; k++ )
 	{
-		char *split[50];
-		if(line[0]=='/' && line[1]=='/')
-			continue;
-		for(i=0,p=line;i<12 && p;i++){
-			split[i]=p;
-			p=strchr(p,',');
-			if(p) *p++=0;
-		}
-		if(i<12)
-			continue;
-		id = atoi(split[0]) - GD_SKILLBASE;
-		if(id<0 || id>=MAX_GUILDSKILL)
-			continue;
-		guild_skill_tree[id].id=atoi(split[0]);
-		guild_skill_tree[id].max=atoi(split[1]);
-		if (guild_skill_tree[id].id==GD_GLORYGUILD && battle_config.require_glory_guild && guild_skill_tree[id].max==0) guild_skill_tree[id].max=1;
-		for(k=0;k<5;k++){
-			guild_skill_tree[id].need[k].id=atoi(split[k*2+2]);
-			guild_skill_tree[id].need[k].lv=atoi(split[k*2+3]);
-		}
-	ln++;
+		guild_skill_tree[id].need[k].id = atoi(split[k*2+2]);
+		guild_skill_tree[id].need[k].lv = atoi(split[k*2+3]);
 	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n",ln,"guild_skill_tree.txt");
 
-	return 0;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -168,51 +156,21 @@ int guild_check_skill_require(struct guild *g,int id)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int guild_read_castledb(void)
-{
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024];
-	int j,ln=0;
-	char *str[32],*p;
+static bool guild_read_castledb(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{// <castle id>,<map name>,<castle name>,<castle event>[,<reserved/unused switch flag>]
 	struct guild_castle *gc;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/castle_db.txt", db_path);
-	if( (fp=fopen(line,"r"))==NULL){
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
-	{
-		if(line[0]=='/' && line[1]=='/')
-			continue;
-		memset(str,0,sizeof(str));
-		for(j=0,p=line;j<6 && p;j++){
-			str[j]=p;
-			p=strchr(p,',');
-			if(p) *p++=0;
-		}
-		if (j < 4) //Insufficient data for castle. [Skotlex]
-		{
-			ShowError("castle_db.txt: invalid line '%s'\n", line);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		gc=(struct guild_castle *)aCalloc(1,sizeof(struct guild_castle));
-		gc->castle_id=atoi(str[0]);
-		gc->mapindex = mapindex_name2id(str[1]);
-		safestrncpy(gc->castle_name,str[2],NAME_LENGTH);
-		safestrncpy(gc->castle_event,str[3],NAME_LENGTH);
+	CREATE(gc, struct guild_castle, 1);
+	gc->castle_id = atoi(str[0]);
+	gc->mapindex = mapindex_name2id(str[1]);
+	safestrncpy(gc->castle_name, str[2], sizeof(gc->castle_name));
+	safestrncpy(gc->castle_event, str[3], sizeof(gc->castle_event));
 
-		idb_put(castle_db,gc->castle_id,gc);
+	idb_put(castle_db,gc->castle_id,gc);
 
-		//intif_guild_castle_info(gc->castle_id);
+	//intif_guild_castle_info(gc->castle_id);
 
-		ln++;
-	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n",ln,"castle_db.txt");
-	return 0;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /// lookup: guild id -> guild*
@@ -1969,9 +1927,10 @@ void do_init_guild(void)
 	expcache_ers = ers_new(sizeof(struct guild_expcache)); 
 	guild_castleinfoevent_db=idb_alloc(DB_OPT_BASE);
 
-	guild_read_castledb();
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "castle_db.txt", ',', 4, 5, -1, &guild_read_castledb);
 
-	guild_read_guildskill_tree_db(); //guild skill tree [Komurka]
+	memset(guild_skill_tree,0,sizeof(guild_skill_tree));
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "guild_skill_tree.txt", ',', 12, 12, -1, &guild_read_guildskill_tree_db); //guild skill tree [Komurka]
 
 	add_timer_func_list(guild_payexp_timer,"guild_payexp_timer");
 	add_timer_func_list(guild_send_xy_timer, "guild_send_xy_timer");
diff --git a/src/map/homunculus.c b/src/map/homunculus.c
index 0fbd7cbff..7bfb6081d 100644
--- a/src/map/homunculus.c
+++ b/src/map/homunculus.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "../common/nullpo.h"
 #include "../common/mmo.h"
 #include "../common/showmsg.h"
+#include "../common/strlib.h"
 #include "../common/utils.h"
 
 #include "log.h"
@@ -523,7 +524,7 @@ static int merc_hom_hungry(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 int merc_hom_hungry_timer_delete(struct homun_data *hd)
 {
 	nullpo_ret(hd);
-	if(hd->hungry_timer != -1) {
+	if(hd->hungry_timer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer(hd->hungry_timer,merc_hom_hungry);
 		hd->hungry_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -637,7 +638,7 @@ int merc_hom_alloc(struct map_session_data *sd, struct s_homunculus *hom)
 
 void merc_hom_init_timers(struct homun_data * hd)
 {
-	if (hd->hungry_timer == -1)
+	if (hd->hungry_timer == INVALID_TIMER)
 		hd->hungry_timer = add_timer(gettick()+hd->homunculusDB->hungryDelay,merc_hom_hungry,hd->master->bl.id,0);
 	hd->regen.state.block = 0; //Restore HP/SP block.
 }
@@ -876,226 +877,190 @@ int merc_hom_shuffle(struct homun_data *hd)
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static bool read_homunculusdb_sub(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{
+	int classid; 
+	struct s_homunculus_db *db;
+
+	//Base Class,Evo Class
+	classid = atoi(str[0]);
+	if (classid < HM_CLASS_BASE || classid > HM_CLASS_MAX)
+	{
+		ShowError("read_homunculusdb : Invalid class %d\n", classid);
+		return false;
+	}
+	db = &homunculus_db[current];
+	db->base_class = classid;
+	classid = atoi(str[1]);
+	if (classid < HM_CLASS_BASE || classid > HM_CLASS_MAX)
+	{
+		db->base_class = 0;
+		ShowError("read_homunculusdb : Invalid class %d\n", classid);
+		return false;
+	}
+	db->evo_class = classid;
+	//Name, Food, Hungry Delay, Base Size, Evo Size, Race, Element, ASPD
+	strncpy(db->name,str[2],NAME_LENGTH-1);
+	db->foodID = atoi(str[3]);
+	db->hungryDelay = atoi(str[4]);
+	db->base_size = atoi(str[5]);
+	db->evo_size = atoi(str[6]);
+	db->race = atoi(str[7]);
+	db->element = atoi(str[8]);
+	db->baseASPD = atoi(str[9]);
+	//base HP, SP, str, agi, vit, int, dex, luk
+	db->base.HP = atoi(str[10]);
+	db->base.SP = atoi(str[11]);
+	db->base.str = atoi(str[12]);
+	db->base.agi = atoi(str[13]);
+	db->base.vit = atoi(str[14]);
+	db->base.int_= atoi(str[15]);
+	db->base.dex = atoi(str[16]);
+	db->base.luk = atoi(str[17]);
+	//Growth Min/Max HP, SP, str, agi, vit, int, dex, luk
+	db->gmin.HP = atoi(str[18]);
+	db->gmax.HP = atoi(str[19]);
+	db->gmin.SP = atoi(str[20]);
+	db->gmax.SP = atoi(str[21]);
+	db->gmin.str = atoi(str[22]);
+	db->gmax.str = atoi(str[23]);
+	db->gmin.agi = atoi(str[24]);
+	db->gmax.agi = atoi(str[25]);
+	db->gmin.vit = atoi(str[26]);
+	db->gmax.vit = atoi(str[27]);
+	db->gmin.int_= atoi(str[28]);
+	db->gmax.int_= atoi(str[29]);
+	db->gmin.dex = atoi(str[30]);
+	db->gmax.dex = atoi(str[31]);
+	db->gmin.luk = atoi(str[32]);
+	db->gmax.luk = atoi(str[33]);
+	//Evolution Min/Max HP, SP, str, agi, vit, int, dex, luk
+	db->emin.HP = atoi(str[34]);
+	db->emax.HP = atoi(str[35]);
+	db->emin.SP = atoi(str[36]);
+	db->emax.SP = atoi(str[37]);
+	db->emin.str = atoi(str[38]);
+	db->emax.str = atoi(str[39]);
+	db->emin.agi = atoi(str[40]);
+	db->emax.agi = atoi(str[41]);
+	db->emin.vit = atoi(str[42]);
+	db->emax.vit = atoi(str[43]);
+	db->emin.int_= atoi(str[44]);
+	db->emax.int_= atoi(str[45]);
+	db->emin.dex = atoi(str[46]);
+	db->emax.dex = atoi(str[47]);
+	db->emin.luk = atoi(str[48]);
+	db->emax.luk = atoi(str[49]);
+
+	//Check that the min/max values really are below the other one.
+	if(db->gmin.HP > db->gmax.HP)
+		db->gmin.HP = db->gmax.HP;
+	if(db->gmin.SP > db->gmax.SP)
+		db->gmin.SP = db->gmax.SP;
+	if(db->gmin.str > db->gmax.str)
+		db->gmin.str = db->gmax.str;
+	if(db->gmin.agi > db->gmax.agi)
+		db->gmin.agi = db->gmax.agi;
+	if(db->gmin.vit > db->gmax.vit)
+		db->gmin.vit = db->gmax.vit;
+	if(db->gmin.int_> db->gmax.int_)
+		db->gmin.int_= db->gmax.int_;
+	if(db->gmin.dex > db->gmax.dex)
+		db->gmin.dex = db->gmax.dex;
+	if(db->gmin.luk > db->gmax.luk)
+		db->gmin.luk = db->gmax.luk;
+
+	if(db->emin.HP > db->emax.HP)
+		db->emin.HP = db->emax.HP;
+	if(db->emin.SP > db->emax.SP)
+		db->emin.SP = db->emax.SP;
+	if(db->emin.str > db->emax.str)
+		db->emin.str = db->emax.str;
+	if(db->emin.agi > db->emax.agi)
+		db->emin.agi = db->emax.agi;
+	if(db->emin.vit > db->emax.vit)
+		db->emin.vit = db->emax.vit;
+	if(db->emin.int_> db->emax.int_)
+		db->emin.int_= db->emax.int_;
+	if(db->emin.dex > db->emax.dex)
+		db->emin.dex = db->emax.dex;
+	if(db->emin.luk > db->emax.luk)
+		db->emin.luk = db->emax.luk;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 int read_homunculusdb(void)
 {
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024], *p;
-	int i, k, classid; 
-	int j = 0;
+	int i;
 	const char *filename[]={"homunculus_db.txt","homunculus_db2.txt"};
-	char *str[50];
-	struct s_homunculus_db *db;
 
 	memset(homunculus_db,0,sizeof(homunculus_db));
-	for(i = 0; i<2; i++)
+	for(i = 0; i<ARRAYLENGTH(filename); i++)
 	{
-		sprintf(line, "%s/%s", db_path, filename[i]);
-		fp = fopen(line,"r");
-		if(!fp){
-			if(i != 0)
-				continue;
-			ShowError("read_homunculusdb : can't read %s\n", line);
-			return -1;
-		}
+		char path[256];
 
-		while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) && j < MAX_HOMUNCULUS_CLASS)
+		if( i > 0 )
 		{
-			if(line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-				continue;
+			sprintf(path, "%s/%s", db_path, filename[i]);
 
-			k = 0;
-			p = strtok (line,",");
-			while (p != NULL && k < 50)
-			{
-				str[k++] = p;
-				p = strtok (NULL, ",");
-			}
-			if (k < 50 )
-			{
-				ShowError("read_homunculusdb : Incorrect number of columns at %s, homunculus %d. Read %d columns, 50 are needed.\n", filename[i], j+1, k);
-				continue;
-			}
-			
-			//Base Class,Evo Class
-			classid = atoi(str[0]);
-			if (classid < HM_CLASS_BASE || classid > HM_CLASS_MAX)
-			{
-				ShowError("read_homunculusdb : Invalid class %d (%s)\n", classid, filename[i]);
-				continue;
-			}
-			db = &homunculus_db[j];
-			db->base_class = classid;
-			classid = atoi(str[1]);
-			if (classid < HM_CLASS_BASE || classid > HM_CLASS_MAX)
+			if( !exists(path) )
 			{
-				db->base_class = 0;
-				ShowError("read_homunculusdb : Invalid class %d (%s)\n", classid, filename[i]);
 				continue;
 			}
-			db->evo_class = classid;
-			//Name, Food, Hungry Delay, Base Size, Evo Size, Race, Element, ASPD
-			strncpy(db->name,str[2],NAME_LENGTH-1);
-			db->foodID = atoi(str[3]);
-			db->hungryDelay = atoi(str[4]);
-			db->base_size = atoi(str[5]);
-			db->evo_size = atoi(str[6]);
-			db->race = atoi(str[7]);
-			db->element = atoi(str[8]);
-			db->baseASPD = atoi(str[9]);
-			//base HP, SP, str, agi, vit, int, dex, luk
-			db->base.HP = atoi(str[10]);
-			db->base.SP = atoi(str[11]);
-			db->base.str = atoi(str[12]);
-			db->base.agi = atoi(str[13]);
-			db->base.vit = atoi(str[14]);
-			db->base.int_= atoi(str[15]);
-			db->base.dex = atoi(str[16]);
-			db->base.luk = atoi(str[17]);
-			//Growth Min/Max HP, SP, str, agi, vit, int, dex, luk
-			db->gmin.HP = atoi(str[18]);
-			db->gmax.HP = atoi(str[19]);
-			db->gmin.SP = atoi(str[20]);
-			db->gmax.SP = atoi(str[21]);
-			db->gmin.str = atoi(str[22]);
-			db->gmax.str = atoi(str[23]);
-			db->gmin.agi = atoi(str[24]);
-			db->gmax.agi = atoi(str[25]);
-			db->gmin.vit = atoi(str[26]);
-			db->gmax.vit = atoi(str[27]);
-			db->gmin.int_= atoi(str[28]);
-			db->gmax.int_= atoi(str[29]);
-			db->gmin.dex = atoi(str[30]);
-			db->gmax.dex = atoi(str[31]);
-			db->gmin.luk = atoi(str[32]);
-			db->gmax.luk = atoi(str[33]);
-			//Evolution Min/Max HP, SP, str, agi, vit, int, dex, luk
-			db->emin.HP = atoi(str[34]);
-			db->emax.HP = atoi(str[35]);
-			db->emin.SP = atoi(str[36]);
-			db->emax.SP = atoi(str[37]);
-			db->emin.str = atoi(str[38]);
-			db->emax.str = atoi(str[39]);
-			db->emin.agi = atoi(str[40]);
-			db->emax.agi = atoi(str[41]);
-			db->emin.vit = atoi(str[42]);
-			db->emax.vit = atoi(str[43]);
-			db->emin.int_= atoi(str[44]);
-			db->emax.int_= atoi(str[45]);
-			db->emin.dex = atoi(str[46]);
-			db->emax.dex = atoi(str[47]);
-			db->emin.luk = atoi(str[48]);
-			db->emax.luk = atoi(str[49]);
-
-			//Check that the min/max values really are below the other one.
-			if(db->gmin.HP > db->gmax.HP)
-				db->gmin.HP = db->gmax.HP;
-			if(db->gmin.SP > db->gmax.SP)
-				db->gmin.SP = db->gmax.SP;
-			if(db->gmin.str > db->gmax.str)
-				db->gmin.str = db->gmax.str;
-			if(db->gmin.agi > db->gmax.agi)
-				db->gmin.agi = db->gmax.agi;
-			if(db->gmin.vit > db->gmax.vit)
-				db->gmin.vit = db->gmax.vit;
-			if(db->gmin.int_> db->gmax.int_)
-				db->gmin.int_= db->gmax.int_;
-			if(db->gmin.dex > db->gmax.dex)
-				db->gmin.dex = db->gmax.dex;
-			if(db->gmin.luk > db->gmax.luk)
-				db->gmin.luk = db->gmax.luk;
-
-			if(db->emin.HP > db->emax.HP)
-				db->emin.HP = db->emax.HP;
-			if(db->emin.SP > db->emax.SP)
-				db->emin.SP = db->emax.SP;
-			if(db->emin.str > db->emax.str)
-				db->emin.str = db->emax.str;
-			if(db->emin.agi > db->emax.agi)
-				db->emin.agi = db->emax.agi;
-			if(db->emin.vit > db->emax.vit)
-				db->emin.vit = db->emax.vit;
-			if(db->emin.int_> db->emax.int_)
-				db->emin.int_= db->emax.int_;
-			if(db->emin.dex > db->emax.dex)
-				db->emin.dex = db->emax.dex;
-			if(db->emin.luk > db->emax.luk)
-				db->emin.luk = db->emax.luk;
-
-			j++;
 		}
-		if (j > MAX_HOMUNCULUS_CLASS)
-			ShowWarning("read_homunculusdb: Reached max number of homunculus [%d]. Remaining homunculus were not read.\n ", MAX_HOMUNCULUS_CLASS);
-		fclose(fp);
-		ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' homunculus in '"CL_WHITE"db/%s"CL_RESET"'.\n",j,filename[i]);
+
+		sv_readdb(db_path, filename[i], ',', 50, 50, MAX_HOMUNCULUS_CLASS, &read_homunculusdb_sub);
 	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int read_homunculus_skilldb(void)
-{
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024], *p;
+static bool read_homunculus_skilldb_sub(char* split[], int columns, int current)
+{// <hom class>,<skill id>,<max level>[,<job level>],<req id1>,<req lv1>,<req id2>,<req lv2>,<req id3>,<req lv3>,<req id4>,<req lv4>,<req id5>,<req lv5>
 	int k, classid; 
-	int j = 0;
-	char *split[15];
+	int j;
+	int minJobLevelPresent = 0;
 
-	memset(hskill_tree,0,sizeof(hskill_tree));
-	sprintf(line, "%s/homun_skill_tree.txt", db_path);
-	fp=fopen(line,"r");
-	if(fp==NULL){
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return 1;
-	}
+	if( columns == 14 )
+		minJobLevelPresent = 1;	// MinJobLvl has been added
 
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
+	// check for bounds [celest]
+	classid = atoi(split[0]) - HM_CLASS_BASE;
+	if ( classid >= MAX_HOMUNCULUS_CLASS )
 	{
-		int minJobLevelPresent = 0;
-
-		if(line[0]=='/' && line[1]=='/')
-			continue;
-
-		k = 0;
-		p = strtok(line,",");
-		while (p != NULL && k < 15)
-		{
-			split[k++] = p;
-			p = strtok(NULL, ",");
-		}
-
-		if(k < 13)
-			continue;
-
-		if (k == 14)
-			minJobLevelPresent = 1;	// MinJobLvl has been added
+		ShowWarning("read_homunculus_skilldb: Invalud homunculus class %d.\n", atoi(split[0]));
+		return false;
+	}
 
-		// check for bounds [celest]
-		classid = atoi(split[0]) - HM_CLASS_BASE;
-		if ( classid >= MAX_HOMUNCULUS_CLASS )
-			continue;
+	k = atoi(split[1]); //This is to avoid adding two lines for the same skill. [Skotlex]
+	// Search an empty line or a line with the same skill_id (stored in j)
+	ARR_FIND( 0, MAX_SKILL_TREE, j, !hskill_tree[classid][j].id || hskill_tree[classid][j].id == k );
+	if (j == MAX_SKILL_TREE)
+	{
+		ShowWarning("Unable to load skill %d into homunculus %d's tree. Maximum number of skills per class has been reached.\n", k, classid);
+		return false;
+	}
 
-		k = atoi(split[1]); //This is to avoid adding two lines for the same skill. [Skotlex]
-		// Search an empty line or a line with the same skill_id (stored in j)
-		for(j = 0; j < MAX_SKILL_TREE && hskill_tree[classid][j].id && hskill_tree[classid][j].id != k; j++);
+	hskill_tree[classid][j].id = k;
+	hskill_tree[classid][j].max = atoi(split[2]);
+	if (minJobLevelPresent)
+		hskill_tree[classid][j].joblv = atoi(split[3]);
 
-		if (j == MAX_SKILL_TREE)
-		{
-			ShowWarning("Unable to load skill %d into homunculus %d's tree. Maximum number of skills per class has been reached.\n", k, classid);
-			continue;
-		}
+	for( k = 0; k < MAX_PC_SKILL_REQUIRE; k++ )
+	{
+		hskill_tree[classid][j].need[k].id = atoi(split[3+k*2+minJobLevelPresent]);
+		hskill_tree[classid][j].need[k].lv = atoi(split[3+k*2+minJobLevelPresent+1]);
+	}
 
-		hskill_tree[classid][j].id=k;
-		hskill_tree[classid][j].max=atoi(split[2]);
-		if (minJobLevelPresent)
-			hskill_tree[classid][j].joblv=atoi(split[3]);
+	return true;
+}
 
-		for(k=0;k<MAX_PC_SKILL_REQUIRE;k++){
-			hskill_tree[classid][j].need[k].id=atoi(split[3+k*2+minJobLevelPresent]);
-			hskill_tree[classid][j].need[k].lv=atoi(split[3+k*2+minJobLevelPresent+1]);
-		}
-	}
+int read_homunculus_skilldb(void)
+{
+	memset(hskill_tree,0,sizeof(hskill_tree));
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "homun_skill_tree.txt", ',', 13, 14, -1, &read_homunculus_skilldb_sub);
 
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n","homun_skill_tree.txt");
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/map/itemdb.c b/src/map/itemdb.c
index 6455d10b6..bf801fefd 100644
--- a/src/map/itemdb.c
+++ b/src/map/itemdb.c
@@ -471,46 +471,32 @@ int itemdb_isidentified(int nameid)
 /*==========================================
  * アイテム使用可能フラグのオーバーライド
  *------------------------------------------*/
-static int itemdb_read_itemavail (void)
-{
-	FILE *fp;
-	int nameid, j, k, ln = 0;
-	char line[1024], *str[10], *p;
+static bool itemdb_read_itemavail(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{// <nameid>,<sprite>
+	int nameid, sprite;
 	struct item_data *id;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/item_avail.txt", db_path);
-	if ((fp = fopen(line,"r")) == NULL) {
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return -1;
-	}
+	nameid = atoi(str[0]);
 
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
+	if( ( id = itemdb_exists(nameid) ) == NULL )
 	{
-		if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-			continue;
-		memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
-		for (j = 0, p = line; j < 2 && p; j++) {
-			str[j] = p;
-			p = strchr(p, ',');
-			if(p) *p++ = 0;
-		}
+		ShowWarning("itemdb_read_itemavail: Invalid item id %d.\n", nameid);
+		return false;
+	}
 
-		if (j < 2 || str[0] == NULL ||
-			(nameid = atoi(str[0])) < 0 || !(id = itemdb_exists(nameid)))
-			continue;
+	sprite = atoi(str[1]);
 
-		k = atoi(str[1]);
-		if (k > 0) {
-			id->flag.available = 1;
-			id->view_id = k;
-		} else
-			id->flag.available = 0;
-		ln++;
+	if( sprite > 0 )
+	{
+		id->flag.available = 1;
+		id->view_id = sprite;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		id->flag.available = 0;
 	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n", ln, "item_avail.txt");
 
-	return 0;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -591,137 +577,90 @@ static void itemdb_read_itemgroup(void)
 /*==========================================
  * 装備制限ファイル読み出し
  *------------------------------------------*/
-static int itemdb_read_noequip(void)
-{
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024];
-	int ln=0;
-	int nameid,j;
-	char *str[32],*p;
+static bool itemdb_read_noequip(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{// <nameid>,<mode>
+	int nameid;
 	struct item_data *id;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/item_noequip.txt", db_path);
-	if( (fp=fopen(line,"r"))==NULL ){
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return -1;
-	}
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
-	{
-		if(line[0]=='/' && line[1]=='/')
-			continue;
-		memset(str,0,sizeof(str));
-		for(j=0,p=line;j<2 && p;j++){
-			str[j]=p;
-			p=strchr(p,',');
-			if(p) *p++=0;
-		}
-		if(str[0]==NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		nameid=atoi(str[0]);
-		if(nameid<=0 || !(id=itemdb_exists(nameid)))
-			continue;
+	nameid = atoi(str[0]);
 
-		id->flag.no_equip |= atoi(str[1]);
+	if( ( id = itemdb_exists(nameid) ) == NULL )
+	{
+		ShowWarning("itemdb_read_noequip: Invalid item id %d.\n", nameid);
+		return false;
+	}
 
-		ln++;
+	id->flag.no_equip |= atoi(str[1]);
 
-	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	if (ln > 0) {
-		ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n",ln,"item_noequip.txt");
-	}	
-	return 0;
+	return true;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Reads item trade restrictions [Skotlex]
  *------------------------------------------*/
-static int itemdb_read_itemtrade(void)
-{
-	FILE *fp;
-	int nameid, j, flag, gmlv, ln = 0;
-	char line[1024], *str[10], *p;
+static bool itemdb_read_itemtrade(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{// <nameid>,<mask>,<gm level>
+	int nameid, flag, gmlv;
 	struct item_data *id;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/item_trade.txt", db_path);
-	if ((fp = fopen(line,"r")) == NULL) {
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return -1;
-	}
+	nameid = atoi(str[0]);
 
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
+	if( ( id = itemdb_exists(nameid) ) == NULL )
 	{
-		if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-			continue;
-		memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
-		for (j = 0, p = line; j < 3 && p; j++) {
-			str[j] = p;
-			p = strchr(p, ',');
-			if(p) *p++ = 0;
-		}
+		//ShowWarning("itemdb_read_itemtrade: Invalid item id %d.\n", nameid);
+		//return false;
+		// FIXME: item_trade.txt contains items, which are commented in item database.
+		return true;
+	}
 
-		if (j < 3 || str[0] == NULL ||
-			(nameid = atoi(str[0])) < 0 || !(id = itemdb_exists(nameid)))
-			continue;
+	flag = atoi(str[1]);
+	gmlv = atoi(str[2]);
 
-		flag = atoi(str[1]);
-		gmlv = atoi(str[2]);
-		
-		if (flag > 0 && flag < 128 && gmlv > 0) { //Check range
-			id->flag.trade_restriction = flag;
-			id->gm_lv_trade_override = gmlv;
-			ln++;
-		}
+	if( flag < 0 || flag >= 128 )
+	{//Check range
+		ShowWarning("itemdb_read_itemtrade: Invalid trading mask %d for item id %d.\n", flag, nameid);
+		return false;
 	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n", ln, "item_trade.txt");
 
-	return 0;
+	if( gmlv < 1 )
+	{
+		ShowWarning("itemdb_read_itemtrade: Invalid override GM level %d for item id %d.\n", gmlv, nameid);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	id->flag.trade_restriction = flag;
+	id->gm_lv_trade_override = gmlv;
+
+	return true;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Reads item delay amounts [Paradox924X]
  *------------------------------------------*/
-static int itemdb_read_itemdelay(void)
-{
-	FILE *fp;
-	int nameid, j, item_delays = 0;
-	char line[1024], *str[10], *p;
+static bool itemdb_read_itemdelay(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{// <nameid>,<delay>
+	int nameid, delay;
 	struct item_data *id;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/item_delay.txt", db_path);
-	if ((fp = fopen(line,"r")) == NULL) {
-		ShowError("can't read %s\n", line);
-		return -1;
-	}
+	nameid = atoi(str[0]);
 
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp))
+	if( ( id = itemdb_exists(nameid) ) == NULL )
 	{
-		if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-			continue;
-		if (item_delays == MAX_ITEMDELAYS) {
-			ShowError("itemdb_read_itemdelay: Too many entries specified in %s/item_delay.txt! Increase MAX_ITEMDELAYS in itemdb.h!\n", db_path);
-			break;
-		}
-		memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
-		for (j = 0, p = line; j < 2 && p; j++) {
-			str[j] = p;
-			p = strchr(p, ',');
-			if(p) *p++ = 0;
-		}
+		ShowWarning("itemdb_read_itemdelay: Invalid item id %d.\n", nameid);
+		return false;
+	}
 
-		if (j < 2 || str[0] == NULL ||
-			(nameid = atoi(str[0])) < 0 || !(id = itemdb_exists(nameid)))
-			continue;
+	delay = atoi(str[1]);
 
-		id->delay = atoi(str[1]);
-		item_delays++;
+	if( delay < 0 )
+	{
+		ShowWarning("itemdb_read_itemdelay: Invalid delay %d for item id %d.\n", id->delay, nameid);
+		return false;
 	}
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"%s"CL_RESET"'.\n", item_delays, "item_delay.txt");
 
-	return 0;
+	id->delay = delay;
+
+	return true;
 }
 
 /*==================================================================
@@ -1076,10 +1015,10 @@ static void itemdb_read(void)
 		itemdb_readdb();
 
 	itemdb_read_itemgroup();
-	itemdb_read_itemavail();
-	itemdb_read_noequip();
-	itemdb_read_itemtrade();
-	itemdb_read_itemdelay();
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "item_avail.txt",   ',', 2, 2, -1,             &itemdb_read_itemavail);
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "item_noequip.txt", ',', 2, 2, -1,             &itemdb_read_noequip);
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "item_trade.txt",   ',', 3, 3, -1,             &itemdb_read_itemtrade);
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "item_delay.txt",   ',', 2, 2, MAX_ITEMDELAYS, &itemdb_read_itemdelay);
 	sv_readdb(db_path, "item_stack.txt", ',', 3, 3, -1, &itemdb_read_stack);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/map/itemdb.h b/src/map/itemdb.h
index bc1d5b3b0..1b8917277 100644
--- a/src/map/itemdb.h
+++ b/src/map/itemdb.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ struct item_data* itemdb_exists(int nameid);
 #define itemdb_wlv(n) itemdb_search(n)->wlv
 #define itemdb_range(n) itemdb_search(n)->range
 #define itemdb_slot(n) itemdb_search(n)->slot
-#define itemdb_available(n) (itemdb_exists(n) && itemdb_search(n)->flag.available)
+#define itemdb_available(n) (itemdb_search(n)->flag.available)
 #define itemdb_viewid(n) (itemdb_search(n)->view_id)
 #define itemdb_autoequip(n) (itemdb_search(n)->flag.autoequip)
 const char* itemdb_typename(int type);
diff --git a/src/map/map.c b/src/map/map.c
index b052cd7bc..e3cada963 100644
--- a/src/map/map.c
+++ b/src/map/map.c
@@ -393,19 +393,11 @@ int map_moveblock(struct block_list *bl, int x1, int y1, unsigned int tick)
 	//TODO: Perhaps some outs of bounds checking should be placed here?
 	if (bl->type&BL_CHAR) {
 		skill_unit_move(bl,tick,2);
-		sc = status_get_sc(bl);
-		if (sc && sc->count) {
-			if (sc->data[SC_CLOSECONFINE])
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE, -1);
-			if (sc->data[SC_CLOSECONFINE2])
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, -1);
-//			if (sc->data[SC_BLADESTOP]) //Won't stop when you are knocked away, go figure...
-//				status_change_end(bl, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-			if (sc->data[SC_TATAMIGAESHI])
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_TATAMIGAESHI, -1);
-			if (sc->data[SC_MAGICROD])
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_MAGICROD, -1);
-		}
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, INVALID_TIMER);
+//		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER); //Won't stop when you are knocked away, go figure...
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_TATAMIGAESHI, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_MAGICROD, INVALID_TIMER);
 	} else
 	if (bl->type == BL_NPC)
 		npc_unsetcells((TBL_NPC*)bl);
@@ -423,6 +415,7 @@ int map_moveblock(struct block_list *bl, int x1, int y1, unsigned int tick)
 
 	if (bl->type&BL_CHAR) {
 		skill_unit_move(bl,tick,3);
+		sc = status_get_sc(bl);
 		if (sc) {
 			if (sc->count) {
 				if (sc->data[SC_CLOAKING])
@@ -1566,7 +1559,7 @@ int map_quit(struct map_session_data *sd)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (sd->npc_timer_id != -1) //Cancel the event timer.
+	if (sd->npc_timer_id != INVALID_TIMER) //Cancel the event timer.
 		npc_timerevent_quit(sd);
 
 	if (sd->npc_id)
@@ -1580,64 +1573,40 @@ int map_quit(struct map_session_data *sd)
 	if( sd->sc.count )
 	{
 		//Status that are not saved...
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_BOSSMAPINFO])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_BOSSMAPINFO,-1);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_AUTOTRADE])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_AUTOTRADE,-1);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_SPURT])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_SPURT,-1);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_BERSERK])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_BERSERK,-1);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_TRICKDEAD])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_TRICKDEAD,-1);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_GUILDAURA])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_GUILDAURA,-1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_BOSSMAPINFO, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_AUTOTRADE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_SPURT, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_BERSERK, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_TRICKDEAD, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_GUILDAURA, INVALID_TIMER);
 		if(sd->sc.data[SC_ENDURE] && sd->sc.data[SC_ENDURE]->val4)
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_ENDURE,-1); //No need to save infinite endure.
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_WEIGHT50])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_WEIGHT50,-1);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_WEIGHT90])
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_WEIGHT90,-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_ENDURE, INVALID_TIMER); //No need to save infinite endure.
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT50, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT90, INVALID_TIMER);
 		if (battle_config.debuff_on_logout&1) {
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_ORCISH])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_ORCISH,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_STRIPWEAPON])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_STRIPWEAPON,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_STRIPARMOR])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_STRIPARMOR,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_STRIPSHIELD])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_STRIPSHIELD,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_STRIPHELM])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_STRIPHELM,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_EXTREMITYFIST])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_EXTREMITYFIST,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS,-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_ORCISH, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_STRIPWEAPON, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_STRIPARMOR, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_STRIPSHIELD, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_STRIPHELM, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_EXTREMITYFIST, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if(sd->sc.data[SC_REGENERATION] && sd->sc.data[SC_REGENERATION]->val4)
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_REGENERATION,-1);
+				status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_REGENERATION, INVALID_TIMER);
 			//TO-DO Probably there are way more NPC_type negative status that are removed
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_CHANGEUNDEAD])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_CHANGEUNDEAD,-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_CHANGEUNDEAD, INVALID_TIMER);
 			// Both these statuses are removed on logout. [L0ne_W0lf]
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_SLOWCAST])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_SLOWCAST,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_CRITICALWOUND])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_CRITICALWOUND,-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_SLOWCAST, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_CRITICALWOUND, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		if (battle_config.debuff_on_logout&2)
 		{
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_MAXOVERTHRUST])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_MAXOVERTHRUST,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_STEELBODY])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_STEELBODY,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_PRESERVE])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_PRESERVE,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_KAAHI])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_KAAHI,-1);
-			if(sd->sc.data[SC_SPIRIT])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_SPIRIT,-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_MAXOVERTHRUST, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_STEELBODY, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_PRESERVE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_KAAHI, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_SPIRIT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 	}
 	
@@ -2109,7 +2078,7 @@ int map_addmobtolist(unsigned short m, struct spawn_data *spawn)
 void map_spawnmobs(int m)
 {
 	int i, k=0;
-	if (map[m].mob_delete_timer != -1)
+	if (map[m].mob_delete_timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 	{	//Mobs have not been removed yet [Skotlex]
 		delete_timer(map[m].mob_delete_timer, map_removemobs_timer);
 		map[m].mob_delete_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
@@ -2184,7 +2153,7 @@ int map_removemobs_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 
 void map_removemobs(int m)
 {
-	if (map[m].mob_delete_timer != -1) // should never happen
+	if (map[m].mob_delete_timer != INVALID_TIMER) // should never happen
 		return; //Mobs are already scheduled for removal
 
 	map[m].mob_delete_timer = add_timer(gettick()+battle_config.mob_remove_delay, map_removemobs_timer, m, 0);
@@ -2804,8 +2773,16 @@ void map_flags_init(void)
 
 	for( i = 0; i < map_num; i++ )
 	{
+		// mapflags
 		memset(&map[i].flag, 0, sizeof(map[i].flag));
 
+		// additional mapflag data
+		map[i].zone      = 0;  // restricted mapflag zone
+		map[i].nocommand = 0;  // nocommand mapflag level
+		map[i].bexp      = 100;  // per map base exp multiplicator
+		map[i].jexp      = 100;  // per map job exp multiplicator
+
+		// adjustments
 		if( battle_config.pk_mode )
 			map[i].flag.pvp = 1; // make all maps pvp for pk_mode [Valaris]
 	}
@@ -2975,11 +2952,7 @@ int map_readallmaps (void)
 
 		map[i].bxs = (map[i].xs + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
 		map[i].bys = (map[i].ys + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
-		
-		// default experience multiplicators
-		map[i].jexp = 100;
-		map[i].bexp = 100;
-		
+
 		size = map[i].bxs * map[i].bys * sizeof(struct block_list*);
 		map[i].block = (struct block_list**)aCalloc(size, 1);
 		map[i].block_mob = (struct block_list**)aCalloc(size, 1);
@@ -3012,7 +2985,7 @@ static int char_ip_set = 0;
 /*==========================================
  * Console Command Parser [Wizputer]
  *------------------------------------------*/
-int parse_console(char* buf)
+int parse_console(const char* buf)
 {
 	char type[64];
 	char command[64];
@@ -3026,14 +2999,20 @@ int parse_console(char* buf)
 	memset(&sd, 0, sizeof(struct map_session_data));
 	strcpy(sd.status.name, "console");
 
-	if( (n=sscanf(buf, "%[^:]:%[^:]:%99s %d %d[^\n]",type,command,map,&x,&y)) < 5 )
-		if( (n=sscanf(buf, "%[^:]:%[^\n]",type,command)) < 2 )
-			n = sscanf(buf,"%[^\n]",type);
+	if( ( n = sscanf(buf, "%63[^:]:%63[^:]:%63s %d %d[^\n]", type, command, map, &x, &y) ) < 5 )
+	{
+		if( ( n = sscanf(buf, "%63[^:]:%63[^\n]", type, command) ) < 2 )
+		{
+			n = sscanf(buf, "%63[^\n]", type);
+		}
+	}
 
-	if( n == 5 ) {
+	if( n == 5 )
+	{
 		m = map_mapname2mapid(map);
-		if( m < 0 ){
-			ShowWarning("Console: Unknown map\n");
+		if( m < 0 )
+		{
+			ShowWarning("Console: Unknown map.\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
 		sd.bl.m = m;
@@ -3042,32 +3021,40 @@ int parse_console(char* buf)
 			sd.bl.x = x;
 		if( y > 0 )
 			sd.bl.y = y;
-	} else {
+	}
+	else
+	{
 		map[0] = '\0';
-		if( n < 2 ) command[0] = '\0';
-		if( n < 1 ) type[0] = '\0';
+		if( n < 2 )
+			command[0] = '\0';
+		if( n < 1 )
+			type[0] = '\0';
 	}
 
-	ShowInfo("Type of command: '%s' || Command: '%s' || Map: '%s' Coords: %d %d\n", type, command, map, x, y);
+	ShowNotice("Type of command: '%s' || Command: '%s' || Map: '%s' Coords: %d %d\n", type, command, map, x, y);
 
-	if( n == 5 && strcmpi("admin",type) == 0 ){
-		if( !is_atcommand(sd.fd,&sd,command,0) )
+	if( n == 5 && strcmpi("admin",type) == 0 )
+	{
+		if( !is_atcommand(sd.fd, &sd, command, 0) )
 			ShowInfo("Console: not atcommand\n");
-	} else if( n == 2 && strcmpi("server",type) == 0 ){
-		if( strcmpi("shutdown",command) == 0 ||
-		    strcmpi("exit",command) == 0 ||
-		    strcmpi("quit",command) == 0 ){
+	}
+	else if( n == 2 && strcmpi("server", type) == 0 )
+	{
+		if( strcmpi("shutdown", command) == 0 || strcmpi("exit", command) == 0 || strcmpi("quit", command) == 0 )
+		{
 			runflag = 0;
 		}
-	} else if( strcmpi("help",type) == 0 ){
-		ShowNotice("To use GM commands:\n");
-		ShowInfo("admin:<gm command>:<map of \"gm\"> <x> <y>\n");
+	}
+	else if( strcmpi("help", type) == 0 )
+	{
+		ShowInfo("To use GM commands:\n");
+		ShowInfo("  admin:<gm command>:<map of \"gm\"> <x> <y>\n");
 		ShowInfo("You can use any GM command that doesn't require the GM.\n");
 		ShowInfo("No using @item or @warp however you can use @charwarp\n");
 		ShowInfo("The <map of \"gm\"> <x> <y> is for commands that need coords of the GM\n");
 		ShowInfo("IE: @spawn\n");
 		ShowInfo("To shutdown the server:\n");
-		ShowInfo("server:shutdown\n");
+		ShowInfo("  server:shutdown\n");
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -3412,9 +3399,14 @@ void do_final(void)
 
 	ShowStatus("Terminating...\n");
 
+	// remove all objects on maps
 	for (i = 0; i < map_num; i++)
+	{
+		ShowStatus("Cleaning up maps [%d/%d]: %s..."CL_CLL"\r", i+1, map_num, map[i].name);
 		if (map[i].m >= 0)
 			map_foreachinmap(cleanup_sub, i, BL_ALL);
+	}
+	ShowStatus("Cleaned up %d maps."CL_CLL"\n", map_num);
 
 	//Scan any remaining players (between maps?) to kick them out. [Skotlex]
 	iter = mapit_getallusers();
diff --git a/src/map/mercenary.c b/src/map/mercenary.c
index 79bec2da6..8300628d5 100644
--- a/src/map/mercenary.c
+++ b/src/map/mercenary.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "../common/nullpo.h"
 #include "../common/mmo.h"
 #include "../common/showmsg.h"
+#include "../common/strlib.h"
 #include "../common/utils.h"
 
 #include "log.h"
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ int merc_delete(struct mercenary_data *md, int reply)
 	if( md->devotion_flag )
 	{
 		md->devotion_flag = 0;
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_DEVOTION, -1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_DEVOTION, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	switch( reply )
@@ -402,162 +403,105 @@ int mercenary_checkskill(struct mercenary_data *md, int skill_id)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int read_mercenarydb(void)
+static bool read_mercenarydb_sub(char* str[], int columns, int current)
 {
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024], *p;
-	char *str[26];
-	int i, j = 0, k = 0, ele;
+	int ele;
 	struct s_mercenary_db *db;
 	struct status_data *status;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/%s", db_path, "mercenary_db.txt");
-	memset(mercenary_db,0,sizeof(mercenary_db));
-
-	fp = fopen(line, "r");
-	if( !fp )
+	db = &mercenary_db[current];
+	db->class_ = atoi(str[0]);
+	strncpy(db->sprite, str[1], NAME_LENGTH);
+	strncpy(db->name, str[2], NAME_LENGTH);
+	db->lv = atoi(str[3]);
+
+	status = &db->status;
+	db->vd.class_ = db->class_;
+
+	status->max_hp = atoi(str[4]);
+	status->max_sp = atoi(str[5]);
+	status->rhw.range = atoi(str[6]);
+	status->rhw.atk = atoi(str[7]);
+	status->rhw.atk2 = status->rhw.atk + atoi(str[8]);
+	status->def = atoi(str[9]);
+	status->mdef = atoi(str[10]);
+	status->str = atoi(str[11]);
+	status->agi = atoi(str[12]);
+	status->vit = atoi(str[13]);
+	status->int_ = atoi(str[14]);
+	status->dex = atoi(str[15]);
+	status->luk = atoi(str[16]);
+	db->range2 = atoi(str[17]);
+	db->range3 = atoi(str[18]);
+	status->size = atoi(str[19]);
+	status->race = atoi(str[20]);
+
+	ele = atoi(str[21]);
+	status->def_ele = ele%10;
+	status->ele_lv = ele/20;
+	if( status->def_ele >= ELE_MAX )
 	{
-		ShowError("read_mercenarydb : can't read mercenary_db.txt\n");
-		return -1;
+		ShowWarning("Mercenary %d has invalid element type %d (max element is %d)\n", db->class_, status->def_ele, ELE_MAX - 1);
+		status->def_ele = ELE_NEUTRAL;
 	}
-
-	while( fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) && j < MAX_MERCENARY_CLASS )
+	if( status->ele_lv < 1 || status->ele_lv > 4 )
 	{
-		k++;
-		if( line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/' )
-			continue;
-
-		i = 0;
-		p = strtok(line, ",");
-		while( p != NULL && i < 26 )
-		{
-			str[i++] = p;
-			p = strtok(NULL, ",");
-		}
-		if( i < 26 )
-		{
-			ShowError("read_mercenarydb : Incorrect number of columns at mercenary_db.txt line %d.\n", k);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		db = &mercenary_db[j];
-		db->class_ = atoi(str[0]);
-		strncpy(db->sprite, str[1], NAME_LENGTH);
-		strncpy(db->name, str[2], NAME_LENGTH);
-		db->lv = atoi(str[3]);
-
-		status = &db->status;
-		db->vd.class_ = db->class_;
-
-		status->max_hp = atoi(str[4]);
-		status->max_sp = atoi(str[5]);
-		status->rhw.range = atoi(str[6]);
-		status->rhw.atk = atoi(str[7]);
-		status->rhw.atk2 = status->rhw.atk + atoi(str[8]);
-		status->def = atoi(str[9]);
-		status->mdef = atoi(str[10]);
-		status->str = atoi(str[11]);
-		status->agi = atoi(str[12]);
-		status->vit = atoi(str[13]);
-		status->int_ = atoi(str[14]);
-		status->dex = atoi(str[15]);
-		status->luk = atoi(str[16]);
-		db->range2 = atoi(str[17]);
-		db->range3 = atoi(str[18]);
-		status->size = atoi(str[19]);
-		status->race = atoi(str[20]);
-	
-		ele = atoi(str[21]);
-		status->def_ele = ele%10;
-		status->ele_lv = ele/20;
-		if( status->def_ele >= ELE_MAX )
-		{
-			ShowWarning("Mercenary %d has invalid element type %d (max element is %d)\n", db->class_, status->def_ele, ELE_MAX - 1);
-			status->def_ele = ELE_NEUTRAL;
-		}
-		if( status->ele_lv < 1 || status->ele_lv > 4 )
-		{
-			ShowWarning("Mercenary %d has invalid element level %d (max is 4)\n", db->class_, status->ele_lv);
-			status->ele_lv = 1;
-		}
-
-		status->aspd_rate = 1000;
-		status->speed = atoi(str[22]);
-		status->adelay = atoi(str[23]);
-		status->amotion = atoi(str[24]);
-		status->dmotion = atoi(str[25]);
-
-		j++;
+		ShowWarning("Mercenary %d has invalid element level %d (max is 4)\n", db->class_, status->ele_lv);
+		status->ele_lv = 1;
 	}
 
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' mercenaries in '"CL_WHITE"db/mercenary_db.txt"CL_RESET"'.\n",j);
+	status->aspd_rate = 1000;
+	status->speed = atoi(str[22]);
+	status->adelay = atoi(str[23]);
+	status->amotion = atoi(str[24]);
+	status->dmotion = atoi(str[25]);
 
-	return 0;
+	return true;
 }
 
-int read_mercenary_skilldb(void)
+int read_mercenarydb(void)
 {
-	FILE *fp;
-	char line[1024], *p;
-	char *str[3];
+	memset(mercenary_db,0,sizeof(mercenary_db));
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "mercenary_db.txt", ',', 26, 26, MAX_MERCENARY_CLASS, &read_mercenarydb_sub);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool read_mercenary_skilldb_sub(char* str[], int columns, int current)
+{// <merc id>,<skill id>,<skill level>
 	struct s_mercenary_db *db;
-	int i, j = 0, k = 0, class_;
+	int i, class_;
 	int skillid, skilllv;
 
-	sprintf(line, "%s/%s", db_path, "mercenary_skill_db.txt");
-	fp = fopen(line, "r");
-	if( !fp )
+	class_ = atoi(str[0]);
+	ARR_FIND(0, MAX_MERCENARY_CLASS, i, class_ == mercenary_db[i].class_);
+	if( i == MAX_MERCENARY_CLASS )
 	{
-		ShowError("read_mercenary_skilldb : can't read mercenary_skill_db.txt\n");
-		return -1;
+		ShowError("read_mercenary_skilldb : Class %d not found in mercenary_db for skill entry.\n", class_);
+		return false;
 	}
-
-	while( fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) )
+	
+	skillid = atoi(str[1]);
+	if( skillid < MC_SKILLBASE || skillid >= MC_SKILLBASE + MAX_MERCSKILL )
 	{
-		k++;
-		if( line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/' )
-			continue;
-
-		i = 0;
-		p = strtok(line, ",");
-		while( p != NULL && i < 3 )
-		{
-			str[i++] = p;
-			p = strtok(NULL, ",");
-		}
-		if( i < 3 )
-		{
-			ShowError("read_mercenary_skilldb : Incorrect number of columns at mercenary_skill_db.txt line %d.\n", k);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		class_ = atoi(str[0]);
-		ARR_FIND(0, MAX_MERCENARY_CLASS, i, class_ == mercenary_db[i].class_);
-		if( i == MAX_MERCENARY_CLASS )
-		{
-			ShowError("read_mercenary_skilldb : Class not found in mercenary_db for skill entry, line %d.\n", k);
-			continue;
-		}
-		
-		skillid = atoi(str[1]);
-		if( skillid < MC_SKILLBASE || skillid >= MC_SKILLBASE + MAX_MERCSKILL )
-		{
-			ShowError("read_mercenary_skilldb : Skill out of range, line %d.\n", k);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		db = &mercenary_db[i];
-		skilllv = atoi(str[2]);
-
-		i = skillid - MC_SKILLBASE;
-		db->skill[i].id = skillid;
-		db->skill[i].lv = skilllv;
-		j++;
+		ShowError("read_mercenary_skilldb : Skill %d out of range.\n", skillid);
+		return false;
 	}
 
-	fclose(fp);
-	ShowStatus("Done reading '"CL_WHITE"%d"CL_RESET"' entries in '"CL_WHITE"db/mercenary_skill_db.txt"CL_RESET"'.\n",j);
+	db = &mercenary_db[i];
+	skilllv = atoi(str[2]);
+
+	i = skillid - MC_SKILLBASE;
+	db->skill[i].id = skillid;
+	db->skill[i].lv = skilllv;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+int read_mercenary_skilldb(void)
+{
+	sv_readdb(db_path, "mercenary_skill_db.txt", ',', 3, 3, -1, &read_mercenary_skilldb_sub);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/map/mob.c b/src/map/mob.c
index d67b470af..6135850b6 100644
--- a/src/map/mob.c
+++ b/src/map/mob.c
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ int mob_unlocktarget(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 
 	switch (md->state.skillstate) {
 	case MSS_WALK:
-		if (md->ud.walktimer != -1)
+		if (md->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			break;
 		//Because it is not unset when the mob finishes walking.
 		md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ int mob_warpchase(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target)
 	if (target->m == md->bl.m && check_distance_bl(&md->bl, target, AREA_SIZE))
 		return 0; //No need to do a warp chase.
 
-	if (md->ud.walktimer != -1 &&
+	if (md->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER &&
 		map_getcell(md->bl.m,md->ud.to_x,md->ud.to_y,CELL_CHKNPC))
 		return 1; //Already walking to a warp.
 
@@ -1306,10 +1306,10 @@ static bool mob_ai_sub_hard(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 
 	md->last_thinktime = tick;
 
-	if (md->ud.skilltimer != -1)
+	if (md->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		return false;
 
-	if(md->ud.walktimer != -1 && md->ud.walkpath.path_pos <= 3)
+	if(md->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && md->ud.walkpath.path_pos <= 3)
 		return false;
 
 	// Abnormalities
@@ -1331,8 +1331,8 @@ static bool mob_ai_sub_hard(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 	{	//Check validity of current target. [Skotlex]
 		tbl = map_id2bl(md->target_id);
 		if (!tbl || tbl->m != md->bl.m ||
-			(md->ud.attacktimer == -1 && !status_check_skilluse(&md->bl, tbl, 0, 0)) ||
-			(md->ud.walktimer != -1 && !(battle_config.mob_ai&0x1) && !check_distance_bl(&md->bl, tbl, md->min_chase)) ||
+			(md->ud.attacktimer == INVALID_TIMER && !status_check_skilluse(&md->bl, tbl, 0, 0)) ||
+			(md->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && !(battle_config.mob_ai&0x1) && !check_distance_bl(&md->bl, tbl, md->min_chase)) ||
 			(
 				tbl->type == BL_PC &&
 				((((TBL_PC*)tbl)->state.gangsterparadise && !(mode&MD_BOSS)) ||
@@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ static bool mob_ai_sub_hard(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 	if (tbl->type == BL_ITEM)
 	{	//Loot time.
 		struct flooritem_data *fitem;
-		if (md->ud.target == tbl->id && md->ud.walktimer != -1)
+		if (md->ud.target == tbl->id && md->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			return true; //Already locked.
 		if (md->lootitem == NULL)
 		{	//Can't loot...
@@ -1469,7 +1469,7 @@ static bool mob_ai_sub_hard(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 			return true;
 		}
 		//Within looting range.
-		if (md->ud.attacktimer != -1)
+		if (md->ud.attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			return true; //Busy attacking?
 
 		fitem = (struct flooritem_data *)tbl;
@@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ static bool mob_ai_sub_hard(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 	}
 	//Attempt to attack.
 	//At this point we know the target is attackable, we just gotta check if the range matches.
-	if (md->ud.target == tbl->id && md->ud.attacktimer != -1) //Already locked.
+	if (md->ud.target == tbl->id && md->ud.attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER) //Already locked.
 		return true;
 	
 	if (battle_check_range (&md->bl, tbl, md->status.rhw.range))
@@ -1526,7 +1526,7 @@ static bool mob_ai_sub_hard(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (md->ud.walktimer != -1 && md->ud.target == tbl->id &&
+	if (md->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && md->ud.target == tbl->id &&
 		(
 			!(battle_config.mob_ai&0x1) ||
 			check_distance_blxy(tbl, md->ud.to_x, md->ud.to_y, md->status.rhw.range)
@@ -2432,7 +2432,7 @@ int mob_dead(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *src, int type)
 		md->status.hp = 1;
 	}
 
-	if(md->deletetimer!=-1) {
+	if(md->deletetimer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer(md->deletetimer,mob_timer_delete);
 		md->deletetimer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -2900,7 +2900,7 @@ int mobskill_use(struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int event)
 	nullpo_ret(md);
 	nullpo_ret(ms = md->db->skill);
 
-	if (!battle_config.mob_skill_rate || md->ud.skilltimer != -1 || !md->db->maxskill)
+	if (!battle_config.mob_skill_rate || md->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER || !md->db->maxskill)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (event == -1 && DIFF_TICK(md->ud.canact_tick, tick) > 0)
@@ -4123,7 +4123,7 @@ static bool mob_parse_row_mobskilldb(char** str, int columns, int current)
 			ms->target = MST_TARGET;
 		}
 	} else if (ms->target > MST_MASTER) {
-		ShowWarning("mob_parse_row_mobskilldb: Wrong mob skill target 'around' for non-ground skill %d (%s) for %s\n.",
+		ShowWarning("mob_parse_row_mobskilldb: Wrong mob skill target 'around' for non-ground skill %d (%s) for %s.\n",
 			ms->skill_id, skill_get_name(ms->skill_id),
 			mob_id < 0?"all mobs":mob_db_data[mob_id]->sprite);
 		ms->target = MST_TARGET;
diff --git a/src/map/npc.c b/src/map/npc.c
index 4b188c177..1bf5bd312 100644
--- a/src/map/npc.c
+++ b/src/map/npc.c
@@ -493,10 +493,10 @@ int npc_timerevent(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	else
 	{
 		if( sd )
-			sd->npc_timer_id = -1;
+			sd->npc_timer_id = INVALID_TIMER;
 		else
 		{
-			nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+			nd->u.scr.timerid = INVALID_TIMER;
 			nd->u.scr.timertick = 0; // NPC timer stopped
 		}
 		ers_free(timer_event_ers, ted);
@@ -544,10 +544,10 @@ int npc_timerevent_start(struct npc_data* nd, int rid)
 	// Check if timer is already started.
 	if( sd )
 	{
-		if( sd->npc_timer_id != -1 )
+		if( sd->npc_timer_id != INVALID_TIMER )
 			return 0;
 	}
-	else if( nd->u.scr.timerid != -1 )
+	else if( nd->u.scr.timerid != INVALID_TIMER )
 		return 0;
 
 	// Arrange for the next event		
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ int npc_timerevent_stop(struct npc_data* nd)
 	}
 	
 	tid = sd?&sd->npc_timer_id:&nd->u.scr.timerid;
-	if( *tid == -1 ) // Nothing to stop
+	if( *tid == INVALID_TIMER ) // Nothing to stop
 		return 0;
 
 	// Delete timer
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ int npc_timerevent_stop(struct npc_data* nd)
 	if( td && td->data ) 
 		ers_free(timer_event_ers, (void*)td->data);
 	delete_timer(*tid,npc_timerevent);
-	*tid = -1;
+	*tid = INVALID_TIMER;
 
 	if( !sd )
 	{
@@ -615,11 +615,11 @@ void npc_timerevent_quit(struct map_session_data* sd)
 	struct timer_event_data *ted;
 
 	// Check timer existance
-	if( sd->npc_timer_id == -1 )
+	if( sd->npc_timer_id == INVALID_TIMER )
 		return;
 	if( !(td = get_timer(sd->npc_timer_id)) )
 	{
-		sd->npc_timer_id = -1;
+		sd->npc_timer_id = INVALID_TIMER;
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ void npc_timerevent_quit(struct map_session_data* sd)
 	nd = (struct npc_data *)map_id2bl(td->id);
 	ted = (struct timer_event_data*)td->data;
 	delete_timer(sd->npc_timer_id, npc_timerevent);
-	sd->npc_timer_id = -1;
+	sd->npc_timer_id = INVALID_TIMER;
 
 	// Execute OnTimerQuit
 	if( nd && nd->bl.type == BL_NPC )
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ int npc_touch_areanpc(struct map_session_data* sd, int m, int x, int y)
 			{ // failed to run OnTouch event, so just click the npc
 				struct unit_data *ud = unit_bl2ud(&sd->bl);
 				if( ud && ud->walkpath.path_pos < ud->walkpath.path_len )
-				{ // Since walktimer always == -1 at this time, we stop walking manually. [Inkfish]
+				{ // Since walktimer always == INVALID_TIMER at this time, we stop walking manually. [Inkfish]
 					clif_fixpos(&sd->bl);
 					ud->walkpath.path_pos = ud->walkpath.path_len;
 				}
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ int npc_cashshop_buy(struct map_session_data *sd, int nameid, int amount, int po
 	if( sd->state.trading )
 		return 4;
 
-	if( (item = itemdb_search(nameid)) == NULL )
+	if( (item = itemdb_exists(nameid)) == NULL )
 		return 5; // Invalid Item
 
 	ARR_FIND(0, nd->u.shop.count, i, nd->u.shop.shop_item[i].nameid == nameid);
@@ -1600,7 +1600,7 @@ int npc_unload(struct npc_data* nd)
 		}  
 		mapit_free(iter);
 
-		if (nd->u.scr.timerid != -1) {
+		if (nd->u.scr.timerid != INVALID_TIMER) {
 			const struct TimerData *td = NULL;
 			td = get_timer(nd->u.scr.timerid);
 			if (td && td->data) 
@@ -2245,7 +2245,7 @@ static const char* npc_parse_script(char* w1, char* w2, char* w3, char* w4, cons
 			nd->u.scr.timeramount++;
 		}
 	}
-	nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+	nd->u.scr.timerid = INVALID_TIMER;
 
 	return end;
 }
@@ -2428,7 +2428,7 @@ const char* npc_parse_duplicate(char* w1, char* w2, char* w3, char* w4, const ch
 			nd->u.scr.timeramount++;
 		}
 	}
-	nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+	nd->u.scr.timerid = INVALID_TIMER;
 
 	return end;
 }
@@ -3536,7 +3536,7 @@ int do_init_npc(void)
 	fake_nd->subtype = SCRIPT;
 
 	strdb_put(npcname_db, fake_nd->exname, fake_nd);
-	fake_nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+	fake_nd->u.scr.timerid = INVALID_TIMER;
 	map_addiddb(&fake_nd->bl);
 	// End of initialization
 
diff --git a/src/map/party.c b/src/map/party.c
index 407221cde..9c55a05f2 100644
--- a/src/map/party.c
+++ b/src/map/party.c
@@ -298,11 +298,11 @@ int party_recv_info(struct party *sp)
 
 int party_invite(struct map_session_data *sd,struct map_session_data *tsd)
 {
-	struct party_data *p=party_search(sd->status.party_id);
+	struct party_data *p;
 	int i,flag=0;
 	
 	nullpo_ret(sd);
-	if( p == NULL )
+	if( ( p = party_search(sd->status.party_id) ) == NULL )
 		return 0;
 	if( tsd == NULL) {	//TODO: Find the correct reply packet.
 		clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, msg_txt(3));
diff --git a/src/map/pc.c b/src/map/pc.c
index e7ef23ce9..7525ff63c 100644
--- a/src/map/pc.c
+++ b/src/map/pc.c
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ int pc_addspiritball(struct map_session_data *sd,int interval,int max)
 
 	if( sd->spiritball && sd->spiritball >= max )
 	{
-		if(sd->spirit_timer[0] != -1)
+		if(sd->spirit_timer[0] != INVALID_TIMER)
 			delete_timer(sd->spirit_timer[0],pc_spiritball_timer);
 		sd->spiritball--;
 		if( sd->spiritball != 0 )
@@ -209,14 +209,14 @@ int pc_delspiritball(struct map_session_data *sd,int count,int type)
 		count = MAX_SKILL_LEVEL;
 
 	for(i=0;i<count;i++) {
-		if(sd->spirit_timer[i] != -1) {
+		if(sd->spirit_timer[i] != INVALID_TIMER) {
 			delete_timer(sd->spirit_timer[i],pc_spiritball_timer);
-			sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
+			sd->spirit_timer[i] = INVALID_TIMER;
 		}
 	}
 	for(i=count;i<MAX_SKILL_LEVEL;i++) {
 		sd->spirit_timer[i-count] = sd->spirit_timer[i];
-		sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
+		sd->spirit_timer[i] = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
 
 	if(!type)
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ int pc_inventory_rental_clear(struct map_session_data *sd)
 	if( sd->rental_timer != INVALID_TIMER )
 	{
 		delete_timer(sd->rental_timer, pc_inventory_rental_end);
-		sd->rental_timer = -1;
+		sd->rental_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -892,9 +892,7 @@ bool pc_authok(struct map_session_data *sd, int login_id2, time_t expiration_tim
 	if (!(battle_config.display_skill_fail&2))
 		sd->state.showdelay = 1;
 		
-	// アイテムチェック
 	pc_setinventorydata(sd);
-	pc_checkitem(sd);
 
 	status_change_init(&sd->bl);
 	if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM(sd)) && (pc_isGM(sd) >= get_atcommand_level(atcommand_hide)))
@@ -912,7 +910,7 @@ bool pc_authok(struct map_session_data *sd, int login_id2, time_t expiration_tim
 
 	// Event Timers
 	for( i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++ )
-		sd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
+		sd->eventtimer[i] = INVALID_TIMER;
 	// Rental Timer
 	sd->rental_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 
@@ -1418,9 +1416,9 @@ int pc_updateweightstatus(struct map_session_data *sd)
 
 	// stop old status change
 	if( old_overweight == 1 )
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT50, -1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT50, INVALID_TIMER);
 	else if( old_overweight == 2 )
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT90, -1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT90, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	// start new status change
 	if( new_overweight == 1 )
@@ -3718,7 +3716,7 @@ int pc_useitem(struct map_session_data *sd,int n)
 	//perform a skill-use check before going through. [Skotlex]
 	//resurrection was picked as testing skill, as a non-offensive, generic skill, it will do.
 	//FIXME: Is this really needed here? It'll be checked in unit.c after all and this prevents skill items using when silenced [Inkfish]
-	if( sd->inventory_data[n]->flag.delay_consume && ( sd->ud.skilltimer != -1 /*|| !status_check_skilluse(&sd->bl, &sd->bl, ALL_RESURRECTION, 0)*/ ) )
+	if( sd->inventory_data[n]->flag.delay_consume && ( sd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER /*|| !status_check_skilluse(&sd->bl, &sd->bl, ALL_RESURRECTION, 0)*/ ) )
 		return 0;
 
 	if( sd->inventory_data[n]->delay > 0 ) { // Check if there is a delay on this item [Paradox924X]
@@ -4118,21 +4116,15 @@ int pc_setpos(struct map_session_data* sd, unsigned short mapindex, int x, int y
 		{ // Cancel some map related stuff.
 			if (sd->sc.data[SC_JAILED])
 				return 1; //You may not get out!
-			if (sd->sc.data[SC_BOSSMAPINFO])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_BOSSMAPINFO,-1);
-			if (sd->sc.data[SC_WARM])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_WARM,-1);
-			if (sd->sc.data[SC_SUN_COMFORT])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_SUN_COMFORT,-1);
-			if (sd->sc.data[SC_MOON_COMFORT])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_MOON_COMFORT,-1);
-			if (sd->sc.data[SC_STAR_COMFORT])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_STAR_COMFORT,-1);
-			if (sd->sc.data[SC_MIRACLE])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_MIRACLE,-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_BOSSMAPINFO, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_WARM, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_SUN_COMFORT, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_MOON_COMFORT, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_STAR_COMFORT, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_MIRACLE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if (sd->sc.data[SC_KNOWLEDGE]) {
 				struct status_change_entry *sce = sd->sc.data[SC_KNOWLEDGE];
-				if (sce->timer != -1)
+				if (sce->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 					delete_timer(sce->timer, status_change_timer);
 				sce->timer = add_timer(gettick() + skill_get_time(SG_KNOWLEDGE, sce->val1), status_change_timer, sd->bl.id, SC_KNOWLEDGE);
 			}
@@ -4404,17 +4396,17 @@ int pc_checkallowskill(struct map_session_data *sd)
 	{	// Skills requiring specific weapon types
 		if(sd->sc.data[scw_list[i]] &&
 			!pc_check_weapontype(sd,skill_get_weapontype(status_sc2skill(scw_list[i]))))
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl,scw_list[i],-1);
+			status_change_end(&sd->bl, scw_list[i], INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 	
 	if(sd->sc.data[SC_SPURT] && sd->status.weapon)
 		// Spurt requires bare hands (feet, in fact xD)
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_SPURT,-1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_SPURT, INVALID_TIMER);
 	
 	if(sd->status.shield <= 0) { // Skills requiring a shield
 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLENGTH(scs_list); i++)
 			if(sd->sc.data[scs_list[i]])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl,scs_list[i],-1);
+				status_change_end(&sd->bl, scs_list[i], INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -4776,7 +4768,7 @@ int pc_follow_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	// either player or target is currently detached from map blocks (could be teleporting),
 	// but still connected to this map, so we'll just increment the timer and check back later
 	if (sd->bl.prev != NULL && tbl->prev != NULL &&
-		sd->ud.skilltimer == -1 && sd->ud.attacktimer == -1 && sd->ud.walktimer == -1)
+		sd->ud.skilltimer == INVALID_TIMER && sd->ud.attacktimer == INVALID_TIMER && sd->ud.walktimer == INVALID_TIMER)
 	{
 		if((sd->bl.m == tbl->m) && unit_can_reach_bl(&sd->bl,tbl, AREA_SIZE, 0, NULL, NULL)) {
 			if (!check_distance_bl(&sd->bl, tbl, 5))
@@ -4808,11 +4800,11 @@ int pc_follow(struct map_session_data *sd,int target_id)
 	struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl(target_id);
 	if (bl == NULL /*|| bl->type != BL_PC*/)
 		return 1;
-	if (sd->followtimer != -1)
+	if (sd->followtimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		pc_stop_following(sd);
 
 	sd->followtarget = target_id;
-	pc_follow_timer(-1,gettick(),sd->bl.id,0);
+	pc_follow_timer(INVALID_TIMER, gettick(), sd->bl.id, 0);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -5705,7 +5697,8 @@ int pc_dead(struct map_session_data *sd,struct block_list *src)
 	for(k = 0; k < 5; k++)
 	if (sd->devotion[k]){
 		struct map_session_data *devsd = map_id2sd(sd->devotion[k]);
-		if (devsd) status_change_end(&devsd->bl,SC_DEVOTION,-1);
+		if (devsd)
+			status_change_end(&devsd->bl, SC_DEVOTION, INVALID_TIMER);
 		sd->devotion[k] = 0;
 	}
 
@@ -5774,6 +5767,11 @@ int pc_dead(struct map_session_data *sd,struct block_list *src)
 			md->level++;
 			status_calc_mob(md, 0);
 			status_percent_heal(src,10,0);
+
+			if( battle_config.show_mob_info&4 )
+			{// update name with new level
+				clif_charnameack(0, &md->bl);
+			}
 		}
 		src = battle_get_master(src); // Maybe Player Summon
 	}
@@ -5854,7 +5852,7 @@ int pc_dead(struct map_session_data *sd,struct block_list *src)
 				pc_setinvincibletimer(sd, battle_config.pc_invincible_time);
 			sc_start(&sd->bl,status_skill2sc(MO_STEELBODY),100,1,skill_get_time(MO_STEELBODY,1));
 			if(map_flag_gvg(sd->bl.m))
-				pc_respawn_timer(-1, gettick(), sd->bl.id, 0);
+				pc_respawn_timer(INVALID_TIMER, gettick(), sd->bl.id, 0);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -6352,7 +6350,7 @@ int pc_jobchange(struct map_session_data *sd,int job, int upper)
 			//Remove status specific to your current tree skills.
 			enum sc_type sc = status_skill2sc(id);
 			if (sc > SC_COMMON_MAX && sd->sc.data[sc])
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl, sc, -1);
+				status_change_end(&sd->bl, sc, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 	}
 	
@@ -6998,7 +6996,7 @@ static int pc_eventtimer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	ARR_FIND( 0, MAX_EVENTTIMER, i, sd->eventtimer[i] == tid );
 	if( i < MAX_EVENTTIMER )
 	{
-		sd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
+		sd->eventtimer[i] = INVALID_TIMER;
 		sd->eventcount--;
 		npc_event(sd,p,0);
 	}
@@ -7017,7 +7015,7 @@ int pc_addeventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd,int tick,const char *name)
 	int i;
 	nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-	ARR_FIND( 0, MAX_EVENTTIMER, i, sd->eventtimer[i] == -1 );
+	ARR_FIND( 0, MAX_EVENTTIMER, i, sd->eventtimer[i] == INVALID_TIMER );
 	if( i == MAX_EVENTTIMER )
 		return 0;
 
@@ -7042,7 +7040,7 @@ int pc_deleventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd,const char *name)
 
 	// find the named event timer
 	ARR_FIND( 0, MAX_EVENTTIMER, i,
-		sd->eventtimer[i] != -1 &&
+		sd->eventtimer[i] != INVALID_TIMER &&
 		(p = (char *)(get_timer(sd->eventtimer[i])->data)) != NULL &&
 		strcmp(p, name) == 0
 	);
@@ -7050,7 +7048,7 @@ int pc_deleventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd,const char *name)
 		return 0; // not found
 
 	delete_timer(sd->eventtimer[i],pc_eventtimer);
-	sd->eventtimer[i]=-1;
+	sd->eventtimer[i] = INVALID_TIMER;
 	sd->eventcount--;
 	aFree(p);
 
@@ -7067,7 +7065,7 @@ int pc_addeventtimercount(struct map_session_data *sd,const char *name,int tick)
 	nullpo_ret(sd);
 
 	for(i=0;i<MAX_EVENTTIMER;i++)
-		if( sd->eventtimer[i]!=-1 && strcmp(
+		if( sd->eventtimer[i] != INVALID_TIMER && strcmp(
 			(char *)(get_timer(sd->eventtimer[i])->data), name)==0 ){
 				addtick_timer(sd->eventtimer[i],tick);
 				break;
@@ -7089,10 +7087,10 @@ int pc_cleareventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd)
 		return 0;
 
 	for(i=0;i<MAX_EVENTTIMER;i++)
-		if( sd->eventtimer[i]!=-1 ){
+		if( sd->eventtimer[i] != INVALID_TIMER ){
 			char *p = (char *)(get_timer(sd->eventtimer[i])->data);
 			delete_timer(sd->eventtimer[i],pc_eventtimer);
-			sd->eventtimer[i]=-1;
+			sd->eventtimer[i] = INVALID_TIMER;
 			sd->eventcount--;
 			if (p) aFree(p);
 		}
@@ -7299,8 +7297,7 @@ int pc_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *sd,int n,int flag)
 		sd->status.weapon = sd->weapontype2;
 		pc_calcweapontype(sd);
 		clif_changelook(&sd->bl,LOOK_WEAPON,sd->status.weapon);
-		if(sd->sc.data[SC_DANCING]) //When unequipping, stop dancing. [Skotlex]
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_DANCING, -1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER); //When unequipping, stop dancing. [Skotlex]
 	}
 	if(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EQP_HAND_L) {
 		sd->status.shield = sd->weapontype2 = 0;
@@ -7330,10 +7327,8 @@ int pc_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *sd,int n,int flag)
 
 	if(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EQP_ARMOR) {
 		// On Armor Change...
-		if( sd->sc.data[SC_BENEDICTIO] )
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_BENEDICTIO, -1);
-		if( sd->sc.data[SC_ARMOR_RESIST] )
-			status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_ARMOR_RESIST, -1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_BENEDICTIO, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_ARMOR_RESIST, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	if( sd->state.autobonus&sd->status.inventory[n].equip )
@@ -7347,7 +7342,7 @@ int pc_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *sd,int n,int flag)
 	}
 
 	if(sd->sc.data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS] && !battle_check_undead(sd->battle_status.race,sd->battle_status.def_ele))
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS,-1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	//OnUnEquip script [Skotlex]
 	if (sd->inventory_data[n]) {
@@ -7793,8 +7788,7 @@ int map_night_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 void pc_setstand(struct map_session_data *sd){
 	nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-	if(sd->sc.data[SC_TENSIONRELAX])
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl,SC_TENSIONRELAX,-1);
+	status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_TENSIONRELAX, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	//Reset sitting tick.
 	sd->ssregen.tick.hp = sd->ssregen.tick.sp = 0;
diff --git a/src/map/pc.h b/src/map/pc.h
index 2921b4527..c48defbf5 100644
--- a/src/map/pc.h
+++ b/src/map/pc.h
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ struct map_session_data {
 	int guildspy; // [Syrus22]
 	int partyspy; // [Syrus22]
 
+	int vended_id;
 	int vender_id;
 	int vend_num;
 	char message[MESSAGE_SIZE];
@@ -383,8 +384,6 @@ struct map_session_data {
 
 	int killerrid, killedrid;
 
-	char away_message[128]; // [LuzZza]
-
 	int cashPoints, kafraPoints;
 	int rental_timer;
 
diff --git a/src/map/pet.c b/src/map/pet.c
index 843f1cc11..6b16fe888 100644
--- a/src/map/pet.c
+++ b/src/map/pet.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ int pet_sc_check(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 	if( pd == NULL
 	||  (battle_config.pet_equip_required && pd->pet.equip == 0)
 	||  pd->recovery == NULL
-	||  pd->recovery->timer != -1
+	||  pd->recovery->timer != INVALID_TIMER
 	||  pd->recovery->type != type )
 		return 1;
 
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ int search_petDB_index(int key,int type)
 int pet_hungry_timer_delete(struct pet_data *pd)
 {
 	nullpo_ret(pd);
-	if(pd->pet_hungry_timer != -1) {
+	if(pd->pet_hungry_timer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer(pd->pet_hungry_timer,pet_hungry);
 		pd->pet_hungry_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -666,14 +666,14 @@ int pet_equipitem(struct map_session_data *sd,int index)
 	if (battle_config.pet_equip_required)
 	{ 	//Skotlex: start support timers if need
 		unsigned int tick = gettick();
-		if (pd->s_skill && pd->s_skill->timer == -1)
+		if (pd->s_skill && pd->s_skill->timer == INVALID_TIMER)
 		{
 			if (pd->s_skill->id)
 				pd->s_skill->timer=add_timer(tick+pd->s_skill->delay*1000, pet_skill_support_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
 			else
 				pd->s_skill->timer=add_timer(tick+pd->s_skill->delay*1000, pet_heal_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
 		}
-		if (pd->bonus && pd->bonus->timer == -1)
+		if (pd->bonus && pd->bonus->timer == INVALID_TIMER)
 			pd->bonus->timer=add_timer(tick+pd->bonus->delay*1000, pet_skill_bonus_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
 	}
 
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ static int pet_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *sd, struct pet_data *pd)
 			pd->state.skillbonus = 0;
 			status_calc_pc(sd,0);
 		}
-		if( pd->s_skill && pd->s_skill->timer != -1 )
+		if( pd->s_skill && pd->s_skill->timer != INVALID_TIMER )
 		{
 			if( pd->s_skill->id )
 				delete_timer(pd->s_skill->timer, pet_skill_support_timer);
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ static int pet_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *sd, struct pet_data *pd)
 				delete_timer(pd->s_skill->timer, pet_heal_timer);
 			pd->s_skill->timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 		}
-		if( pd->bonus && pd->bonus->timer != -1 )
+		if( pd->bonus && pd->bonus->timer != INVALID_TIMER )
 		{
 			delete_timer(pd->bonus->timer, pet_skill_bonus_timer);
 			pd->bonus->timer = INVALID_TIMER;
@@ -825,10 +825,10 @@ static int pet_ai_sub_hard(struct pet_data *pd, struct map_session_data *sd, uns
 		return 0;
 	pd->last_thinktime=tick;
 
-	if(pd->ud.attacktimer != -1 || pd->ud.skilltimer != -1 || pd->bl.m != sd->bl.m)
+	if(pd->ud.attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER || pd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER || pd->bl.m != sd->bl.m)
 		return 0;
 
-	if(pd->ud.walktimer != -1 && pd->ud.walkpath.path_pos <= 2)
+	if(pd->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && pd->ud.walkpath.path_pos <= 2)
 		return 0; //No thinking when you just started to walk.
 
 	if(pd->pet.intimate <= 0) {
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ static int pet_ai_sub_hard(struct pet_data *pd, struct map_session_data *sd, uns
 		//Master too far, chase.
 		if(pd->target_id)
 			pet_unlocktarget(pd);
-		if(pd->ud.walktimer != -1 && pd->ud.target == sd->bl.id)
+		if(pd->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && pd->ud.target == sd->bl.id)
 			return 0; //Already walking to him
 		if (DIFF_TICK(tick, pd->ud.canmove_tick) < 0)
 			return 0; //Can't move yet.
@@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ static int pet_ai_sub_hard(struct pet_data *pd, struct map_session_data *sd, uns
 
 	//Return speed to normal.
 	if (pd->status.speed != pd->petDB->speed) {
-		if (pd->ud.walktimer != -1)
+		if (pd->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			return 0; //Wait until the pet finishes walking back to master.
 		pd->status.speed = pd->petDB->speed;
 	}
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ static int pet_ai_sub_hard(struct pet_data *pd, struct map_session_data *sd, uns
 		if (check_distance_bl(&sd->bl, &pd->bl, 3))
 			return 0; //Already next to master.
 
-		if(pd->ud.walktimer != -1 && check_distance_blxy(&sd->bl, pd->ud.to_x,pd->ud.to_y, 3))
+		if(pd->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && check_distance_blxy(&sd->bl, pd->ud.to_x,pd->ud.to_y, 3))
 			return 0; //Already walking to him
 
 		unit_calc_pos(&pd->bl, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->ud.dir);
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ static int pet_ai_sub_hard(struct pet_data *pd, struct map_session_data *sd, uns
 	}
 	
 	if(pd->ud.target == target->id &&
-		(pd->ud.attacktimer != -1 || pd->ud.walktimer != -1))
+		(pd->ud.attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER || pd->ud.walktimer != INVALID_TIMER))
 		return 0; //Target already locked.
 
 	if (target->type != BL_ITEM) 
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ static int pet_ai_sub_hard(struct pet_data *pd, struct map_session_data *sd, uns
 			struct flooritem_data *fitem = (struct flooritem_data *)target;
 			if(pd->loot->count < pd->loot->max){
 				memcpy(&pd->loot->item[pd->loot->count++],&fitem->item_data,sizeof(pd->loot->item[0]));
-				pd->loot->weight += itemdb_search(fitem->item_data.nameid)->weight*fitem->item_data.amount;
+				pd->loot->weight += itemdb_weight(fitem->item_data.nameid)*fitem->item_data.amount;
 				map_clearflooritem(target->id);
 			} 
 			//Target is unlocked regardless of whether it was picked or not.
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ int pet_recovery_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	{	//Display a heal animation? 
 		//Detoxify is chosen for now.
 		clif_skill_nodamage(&pd->bl,&sd->bl,TF_DETOXIFY,1,1);
-		status_change_end(&sd->bl,pd->recovery->type,-1);
+		status_change_end(&sd->bl, pd->recovery->type, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_emotion(&pd->bl, E_OK);
 	}
 
@@ -1130,7 +1130,7 @@ int pet_heal_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	if(pc_isdead(sd) ||
 		(rate = get_percentage(status->sp, status->max_sp)) > pd->s_skill->sp ||
 		(rate = get_percentage(status->hp, status->max_hp)) > pd->s_skill->hp ||
-		(rate = (pd->ud.skilltimer != -1)) //Another skill is in effect
+		(rate = (pd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER)) //Another skill is in effect
 	) {  //Wait (how long? 1 sec for every 10% of remaining)
 		pd->s_skill->timer=add_timer(gettick()+(rate>10?rate:10)*100,pet_heal_timer,sd->bl.id,0);
 		return 0;
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ int pet_skill_support_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	if(pc_isdead(sd) ||
 		(rate = get_percentage(status->sp, status->max_sp)) > pd->s_skill->sp ||
 		(rate = get_percentage(status->hp, status->max_hp)) > pd->s_skill->hp ||
-		(rate = (pd->ud.skilltimer != -1)) //Another skill is in effect
+		(rate = (pd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER)) //Another skill is in effect
 	) {  //Wait (how long? 1 sec for every 10% of remaining)
 		pd->s_skill->timer=add_timer(tick+(rate>10?rate:10)*100,pet_skill_support_timer,sd->bl.id,0);
 		return 0;
diff --git a/src/map/script.c b/src/map/script.c
index 59a9b5448..f842b614a 100644
--- a/src/map/script.c
+++ b/src/map/script.c
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
 // - remove dynamic allocation in add_word()
 // - remove GETVALUE / SETVALUE
 // - clean up the set_reg / set_val / setd_sub mess
+// - detect invalid label references at parse-time
 
 //
 // struct script_state* st;
@@ -977,6 +978,23 @@ const char* parse_callfunc(const char* p, int require_paren)
 	return p;
 }
 
+/// Processes end of logical script line.
+/// @param first When true, only fix up scheduling data is initialized
+/// @param p Script position for error reporting in set_label
+static void parse_nextline(bool first, const char* p)
+{
+	if( !first )
+	{
+		add_scriptc(C_EOL);  // mark end of line for stack cleanup
+		set_label(LABEL_NEXTLINE, script_pos, p);  // fix up '-' labels
+	}
+
+	// initialize data for new '-' label fix up scheduling
+	str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].type      = C_NOP;
+	str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].backpatch = -1;
+	str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].label     = -1;
+}
+
 /*==========================================
  * 項の解析
  *------------------------------------------*/
@@ -1541,12 +1559,17 @@ const char* parse_syntax(const char* p)
 				// function declaration - just register the name
 				int l;
 				l = add_word(func_name);
-				if( str_data[l].type == C_NOP )// set type only if the name did not exist before
+				if( str_data[l].type == C_NOP )// register only, if the name was not used by something else
 					str_data[l].type = C_USERFUNC;
+				else if( str_data[l].type == C_USERFUNC )
+					;  // already registered
+				else
+					disp_error_message("parse_syntax:function: function name is invalid", func_name);
 
 				// if, for , while の閉じ判定
 				p = parse_syntax_close(p2 + 1);
-				return p;			}
+				return p;
+			}
 			else if(*p2 == '{')
 			{// function <name> <line/block of code>
 				char label[256];
@@ -1567,11 +1590,16 @@ const char* parse_syntax(const char* p)
 
 				// Set the position of the function (label)
 				l=add_word(func_name);
-				if( str_data[l].type == C_NOP )// set type only if the name did not exist before
+				if( str_data[l].type == C_NOP || str_data[l].type == C_USERFUNC )// register only, if the name was not used by something else
+				{
 					str_data[l].type = C_USERFUNC;
-				set_label(l, script_pos, p);
-				if( parse_options&SCRIPT_USE_LABEL_DB )
-					strdb_put(scriptlabel_db, get_str(l), (void*)script_pos);
+					set_label(l, script_pos, p);
+					if( parse_options&SCRIPT_USE_LABEL_DB )
+						strdb_put(scriptlabel_db, get_str(l), (void*)script_pos);
+				}
+				else
+					disp_error_message("parse_syntax:function: function name is invalid", func_name);
+
 				return skip_space(p);
 			}
 			else
@@ -1691,6 +1719,10 @@ const char* parse_syntax_close_sub(const char* p,int* flag)
 	} else if(syntax.curly[pos].type == TYPE_IF) {
 		const char *bp = p;
 		const char *p2;
+
+		// if-block and else-block end is a new line
+		parse_nextline(false, p);
+
 		// if 最終場所へ飛ばす
 		sprintf(label,"goto __IF%x_FIN;",syntax.curly[pos].index);
 		syntax.curly[syntax.curly_count++].type = TYPE_NULL;
@@ -1766,6 +1798,10 @@ const char* parse_syntax_close_sub(const char* p,int* flag)
 		if(*p != '(') {
 			disp_error_message("need '('",p);
 		}
+
+		// do-block end is a new line
+		parse_nextline(false, p);
+
 		sprintf(label,"__DO%x_FIN",syntax.curly[pos].index);
 		add_scriptl(add_str("jump_zero"));
 		add_scriptc(C_ARG);
@@ -1793,6 +1829,9 @@ const char* parse_syntax_close_sub(const char* p,int* flag)
 		syntax.curly_count--;
 		return p;
 	} else if(syntax.curly[pos].type == TYPE_FOR) {
+		// for-block end is a new line
+		parse_nextline(false, p);
+
 		// 次のループに飛ばす
 		sprintf(label,"goto __FR%x_NXT;",syntax.curly[pos].index);
 		syntax.curly[syntax.curly_count++].type = TYPE_NULL;
@@ -1806,6 +1845,9 @@ const char* parse_syntax_close_sub(const char* p,int* flag)
 		syntax.curly_count--;
 		return p;
 	} else if(syntax.curly[pos].type == TYPE_WHILE) {
+		// while-block end is a new line
+		parse_nextline(false, p);
+
 		// while 条件判断へ飛ばす
 		sprintf(label,"goto __WL%x_NXT;",syntax.curly[pos].index);
 		syntax.curly[syntax.curly_count++].type = TYPE_NULL;
@@ -1974,6 +2016,7 @@ struct script_code* parse_script(const char *src,const char *file,int line,int o
 	struct script_code* code = NULL;
 	static int first=1;
 	char end;
+	bool unresolved_names = false;
 
 	if( src == NULL )
 		return NULL;// empty script
@@ -1988,9 +2031,7 @@ struct script_code* parse_script(const char *src,const char *file,int line,int o
 	script_buf=(unsigned char *)aMalloc(SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE*sizeof(unsigned char));
 	script_pos=0;
 	script_size=SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE;
-	str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].type=C_NOP;
-	str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].backpatch=-1;
-	str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].label=-1;
+	parse_nextline(true, NULL);
 
 	// who called parse_script is responsible for clearing the database after using it, but just in case... lets clear it here
 	if( options&SCRIPT_USE_LABEL_DB )
@@ -2077,12 +2118,8 @@ struct script_code* parse_script(const char *src,const char *file,int line,int o
 		// 他は全部一緒くた
 		p=parse_line(p);
 		p=skip_space(p);
-		add_scriptc(C_EOL);
 
-		set_label(LABEL_NEXTLINE,script_pos,p);
-		str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].type=C_NOP;
-		str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].backpatch=-1;
-		str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].label=-1;
+		parse_nextline(false, p);
 	}
 
 	add_scriptc(C_NOP);
@@ -2103,13 +2140,23 @@ struct script_code* parse_script(const char *src,const char *file,int line,int o
 				j=next;
 			}
 		}
+		else if( str_data[i].type == C_USERFUNC )
+		{// 'function name;' without follow-up code
+			ShowError("parse_script: function '%s' declared but not defined.\n", str_buf+str_data[i].str);
+			unresolved_names = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if( unresolved_names )
+	{
+		disp_error_message("parse_script: unresolved function references", p);
 	}
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_DISP
 	for(i=0;i<script_pos;i++){
-		if((i&15)==0) printf("%04x : ",i);
+		if((i&15)==0) ShowMessage("%04x : ",i);
 		ShowMessage("%02x ",script_buf[i]);
-		if((i&15)==15) printf("\n");
+		if((i&15)==15) ShowMessage("\n");
 	}
 	ShowMessage("\n");
 #endif
@@ -3235,7 +3282,7 @@ int run_script_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		st->rid = 0;
 		st->state = END;
 	}
-	while( node && st->sleep.timer != -1 ) {
+	while( node && st->sleep.timer != INVALID_TIMER ) {
 		if( (int)node->key == st->oid && ((struct script_state *)node->data)->sleep.timer == st->sleep.timer ) {
 			script_erase_sleepdb(node);
 			st->sleep.timer = INVALID_TIMER;
@@ -4882,8 +4929,8 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(setarray)
 	}
 
 	end = start + script_lastdata(st) - 2;
-	if( end >= SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE )
-		end = SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE-1;
+	if( end > SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE )
+		end = SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE;
 
 	if( is_string_variable(name) )
 	{// string array
@@ -4945,10 +4992,10 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(cleararray)
 		v = (void*)script_getnum(st, 3);
 
 	end = start + script_getnum(st, 4);
-	if( end >= SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE )
-		end = SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE-1;
+	if( end > SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE )
+		end = SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE;
 
-	for( ; start <= end; ++start )
+	for( ; start < end; ++start )
 		set_reg(st, sd, reference_uid(id, start), name, v, script_getref(st,2));
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -5015,8 +5062,8 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(copyarray)
 	}
 
 	count = script_getnum(st, 4);
-	if( count >= SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE - idx1 )
-		count = (SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE-1) - idx1;
+	if( count > SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE - idx1 )
+		count = SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE - idx1;
 	if( count <= 0 || (id1 == id2 && idx1 == idx2) )
 		return 0;// nothing to copy
 
@@ -5121,7 +5168,8 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(deletearray)
 			return 0;// no player attached
 	}
 
-	end = getarraysize(st, id, start, is_string_variable(name), reference_getref(data));
+	end = SCRIPT_MAX_ARRAYSIZE;
+
 	if( start >= end )
 		return 0;// nothing to free
 
@@ -6191,7 +6239,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(readparam)
 	if( script_hasdata(st,3) )
 		sd=map_nick2sd(script_getstr(st,3));
 	else
-	sd=script_rid2sd(st);
+		sd=script_rid2sd(st);
 
 	if(sd==NULL){
 		script_pushint(st,-1);
@@ -8321,10 +8369,10 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(getnpctimer)
 				ShowError("buildin_getnpctimer: Attached player not found!\n");
 				break;
 			}
-			val = (sd->npc_timer_id != -1);
+			val = (sd->npc_timer_id != INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		else
-			val = (nd->u.scr.timerid !=-1);
+			val = (nd->u.scr.timerid != INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case 2: val = nd->u.scr.timeramount; break;
 	}
@@ -9705,7 +9753,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(pvpon)
 	iter = mapit_getallusers();
 	for( sd = (TBL_PC*)mapit_first(iter); mapit_exists(iter); sd = (TBL_PC*)mapit_next(iter) )
 	{
-		if( sd->bl.m != m || sd->pvp_timer != -1 )
+		if( sd->bl.m != m || sd->pvp_timer != INVALID_TIMER )
 			continue; // not applicable
 
 		sd->pvp_timer = add_timer(gettick()+200,pc_calc_pvprank_timer,sd->bl.id,0);
@@ -9724,7 +9772,7 @@ static int buildin_pvpoff_sub(struct block_list *bl,va_list ap)
 {
 	TBL_PC* sd = (TBL_PC*)bl;
 	clif_pvpset(sd, 0, 0, 2);
-	if (sd->pvp_timer != -1) {
+	if (sd->pvp_timer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer(sd->pvp_timer, pc_calc_pvprank_timer);
 		sd->pvp_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -10809,7 +10857,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(petskillbonus)
 	pd=sd->pd;
 	if (pd->bonus)
 	{ //Clear previous bonus
-		if (pd->bonus->timer != -1)
+		if (pd->bonus->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			delete_timer(pd->bonus->timer, pet_skill_bonus_timer);
 	} else //init
 		pd->bonus = (struct pet_bonus *) aMalloc(sizeof(struct pet_bonus));
@@ -11162,7 +11210,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(petrecovery)
 	
 	if (pd->recovery)
 	{ //Halt previous bonus
-		if (pd->recovery->timer != -1)
+		if (pd->recovery->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			delete_timer(pd->recovery->timer, pet_recovery_timer);
 	} else //Init
 		pd->recovery = (struct pet_recovery *)aMalloc(sizeof(struct pet_recovery));
@@ -11188,7 +11236,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(petheal)
 	pd=sd->pd;
 	if (pd->s_skill)
 	{ //Clear previous skill
-		if (pd->s_skill->timer != -1)
+		if (pd->s_skill->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		{
 			if (pd->s_skill->id)
 				delete_timer(pd->s_skill->timer, pet_skill_support_timer);
@@ -11282,7 +11330,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(petskillsupport)
 	pd=sd->pd;
 	if (pd->s_skill)
 	{ //Clear previous skill
-		if (pd->s_skill->timer != -1)
+		if (pd->s_skill->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		{
 			if (pd->s_skill->id)
 				delete_timer(pd->s_skill->timer, pet_skill_support_timer);
@@ -11636,9 +11684,6 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(jump_zero)
 		pos=script_getnum(st,3);
 		st->pos=pos;
 		st->state=GOTO;
-		// printf("script: jump_zero: jumpto : %d\n",pos);
-	} else {
-		// printf("script: jump_zero: fail\n");
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -12312,7 +12357,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(autoequip)
 	struct item_data *item_data;
 	nameid=script_getnum(st,2);
 	flag=script_getnum(st,3);
-	if(nameid>=500 && (item_data = itemdb_search(nameid)) != NULL){
+	if(nameid>=500 && (item_data = itemdb_exists(nameid)) != NULL){
 		item_data->flag.autoequip = flag>0?1:0;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -12362,7 +12407,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(charisalpha)
 	const char *str=script_getstr(st,2);
 	int pos=script_getnum(st,3);
 
-	int val = ( str && pos >= 0 && (unsigned int)pos < strlen(str) ) ? ISALPHA( str[pos] ) : 0;
+	int val = ( str && pos >= 0 && (unsigned int)pos < strlen(str) ) ? ISALPHA( str[pos] ) != 0 : 0;
 
 	script_pushint(st,val);
 	return 0;
@@ -13557,7 +13602,7 @@ BUILDIN_FUNC(awake)
 			struct script_state* tst = (struct script_state*)node->data;
 			TBL_PC* sd = map_id2sd(tst->rid);
 
-			if( tst->sleep.timer == -1 )
+			if( tst->sleep.timer == INVALID_TIMER )
 			{// already awake ???
 				node = node->next;
 				continue;
@@ -14590,7 +14635,7 @@ static int buildin_mobuseskill_sub(struct block_list *bl,va_list ap)
 	if( md->class_ != mobid )
 		return 0;
 
-	if( md->ud.skilltimer != -1 ) // Cancel the casting skill.
+	if( md->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER ) // Cancel the casting skill.
 		unit_skillcastcancel(bl,0);
 
 	// 0:self, 1:target, 2:master, default:random
diff --git a/src/map/skill.c b/src/map/skill.c
index 6b63c2b83..cd9115df4 100644
--- a/src/map/skill.c
+++ b/src/map/skill.c
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ int skill_additional_effect (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 					rate = 20;
 					if (sc->data[SC_SKILLRATE_UP] && sc->data[SC_SKILLRATE_UP]->val1 == TK_COUNTER) {
 						rate += rate*sc->data[SC_SKILLRATE_UP]->val2/100;
-						status_change_end(src,SC_SKILLRATE_UP,-1);
+						status_change_end(src, SC_SKILLRATE_UP, INVALID_TIMER);
 					}
 					sc_start4(src,SC_COMBO, rate, TK_COUNTER, bl->id,0,0,
 						(2000 - 4*sstatus->agi - 2*sstatus->dex));
@@ -883,12 +883,12 @@ int skill_additional_effect (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 	case TK_JUMPKICK:
 		if( dstsd && dstsd->class_ != MAPID_SOUL_LINKER && !tsc->data[SC_PRESERVE] )
 		{// debuff the following statuses
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_SPIRIT, -1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_ADRENALINE2, -1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, -1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_KAAHI, -1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_ONEHAND, -1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_ASPDPOTION2, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_SPIRIT, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_ADRENALINE2, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_KAAHI, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_ONEHAND, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_ASPDPOTION2, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		break;
 	case TK_TURNKICK:
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ static int skill_magic_reflect(struct block_list* src, struct block_list* bl, in
 	{// Kaite only works against non-players if they are low-level.
 		clif_specialeffect(bl, 438, AREA);
 		if( --sc->data[SC_KAITE]->val2 <= 0 )
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		return 2;
 	}
 
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ int skill_attack (int attack_type, struct block_list* src, struct block_list *ds
 				break;
 			default:
 				if( src == dsrc ) // Ground skills are exceptions. [Inkfish]
-					status_change_end(src,SC_COMBO,-1);
+					status_change_end(src, SC_COMBO, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 		}
 		switch(skillid)
@@ -1904,7 +1904,7 @@ int skill_attack (int attack_type, struct block_list* src, struct block_list *ds
 			status_fix_damage(NULL, d_bl, damage, 0);
 		}
 		else
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_DEVOTION, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_DEVOTION, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	if(skillid == RG_INTIMIDATE && damage > 0 && !(tstatus->mode&MD_BOSS)) {
@@ -2338,8 +2338,7 @@ static int skill_timerskill(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 					} else {
 						struct status_change *sc = status_get_sc(src);
 						if(sc) {
-							if(sc->data[SC_MAGICPOWER])
-								status_change_end(src,SC_MAGICPOWER,-1);
+							status_change_end(src, SC_MAGICPOWER, INVALID_TIMER);
 							if(sc->data[SC_SPIRIT] &&
 								sc->data[SC_SPIRIT]->val2 == SL_WIZARD &&
 								sc->data[SC_SPIRIT]->val3 == skl->skill_id)
@@ -2469,7 +2468,7 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 	{	//GTB makes all targetted magic display miss with a single bolt.
 		sc_type sct = status_skill2sc(skillid);
 		if(sct != SC_NONE)
-			status_change_end(bl, sct, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, sct, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_damage(src, bl, tick, status_get_amotion(src), status_get_dmotion(bl), 0, 1, skillid, skilllv, skill_get_hit(skillid));
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -2662,16 +2661,14 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 
 	case MO_INVESTIGATE:
 		skill_attack(BF_WEAPON,src,src,bl,skillid,skilllv,tick,flag);
-		if (sc && sc->data[SC_BLADESTOP])
-			status_change_end(src,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case RG_BACKSTAP:
 		{
 			int dir = map_calc_dir(src, bl->x, bl->y), t_dir = unit_getdir(bl);
 			if ((!check_distance_bl(src, bl, 0) && !map_check_dir(dir, t_dir)) || bl->type == BL_SKILL) {
-				if (sc && sc->data[SC_HIDING])
-					status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, -1);
+				status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
 				skill_attack(BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick, flag);
 				dir = dir < 4 ? dir+4 : dir-4; // change direction [Celest]
 				unit_setdir(bl,dir);
@@ -2688,25 +2685,23 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 			for (i = 1; i < sd->spiritball_old; i++)
 				skill_addtimerskill(src, tick + i * 200, bl->id, 0, 0, skillid, skilllv, BF_WEAPON, flag);
 		}
-		if (sc && sc->data[SC_BLADESTOP])
-			status_change_end(src,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case MO_CHAINCOMBO:
 		skill_attack(BF_WEAPON,src,src,bl,skillid,skilllv,tick,flag);
-		if (sc && sc->data[SC_BLADESTOP])
-			status_change_end(src,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case NJ_ISSEN:
-		status_change_end(src,SC_NEN,-1);
-		status_change_end(src,SC_HIDING,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_NEN, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		// fall through
 	case MO_EXTREMITYFIST:
 		if( skillid == MO_EXTREMITYFIST )
 		{
-			status_change_end(src,SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS,-1);
-			status_change_end(src,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		//Client expects you to move to target regardless of distance
 		{
@@ -2991,8 +2986,7 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 	break;
 
 	case SL_SMA:
-		if (sc && sc->data[SC_SMA])
-			status_change_end(src,SC_SMA,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_SMA, INVALID_TIMER);
 	case SL_STIN:
 	case SL_STUN:
 		if (sd && !battle_config.allow_es_magic_pc && bl->type != BL_MOB) {
@@ -3065,8 +3059,7 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list* src, struct block_list *bl, int
 			if (unit_movepos(src, x, y, 0, 0))
 				clif_slide(src,src->x,src->y);
 		}
-		if (sc && sc->data[SC_HIDING])
-			status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, -1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		skill_attack(BF_WEAPON,src,src,bl,skillid,skilllv,tick,flag);
 		break;
 	case 0:
@@ -3208,7 +3201,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 				if( tsc->data[SC_KAITE] && !(sstatus->mode&MD_BOSS) )
 				{ //Bounce back heal
 					if (--tsc->data[SC_KAITE]->val2 <= 0)
-						status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, -1);
+						status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, INVALID_TIMER);
 					if (src == bl)
 						heal=0; //When you try to heal yourself under Kaite, the heal is voided.
 					else {
@@ -3327,7 +3320,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case PR_LEXDIVINA:
 	case MER_LEXDIVINA:
 		if( tsce )
-			status_change_end(bl,type, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl,type, INVALID_TIMER);
 		else
 			sc_start(bl,type,100,skilllv,skill_get_time(skillid,skilllv));
 		clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
@@ -3441,9 +3434,9 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 			{
 				const enum sc_type scs[] = { SC_QUAGMIRE, SC_PROVOKE, SC_ROKISWEIL, SC_GRAVITATION, SC_SUITON, SC_STRIPWEAPON, SC_STRIPSHIELD, SC_STRIPARMOR, SC_STRIPHELM, SC_BLADESTOP };
 				for (i = SC_COMMON_MIN; i <= SC_COMMON_MAX; i++)
-					if (tsc->data[i]) status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)i, -1);
+					if (tsc->data[i]) status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)i, INVALID_TIMER);
 				for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLENGTH(scs); i++)
-					if (tsc->data[scs[i]]) status_change_end(bl, scs[i], -1);
+					if (tsc->data[scs[i]]) status_change_end(bl, scs[i], INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 		}
 		break;
@@ -3508,8 +3501,8 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 				if(  sc->data[SC_MARIONETTE ] &&  sc->data[SC_MARIONETTE ]->val1 == bl->id &&
 					tsc->data[SC_MARIONETTE2] && tsc->data[SC_MARIONETTE2]->val1 == src->id )
 				{
-					status_change_end(src, SC_MARIONETTE, -1);
-					status_change_end(bl, SC_MARIONETTE2, -1);
+					status_change_end(src, SC_MARIONETTE, INVALID_TIMER);
+					status_change_end(bl, SC_MARIONETTE2, INVALID_TIMER);
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -3698,8 +3691,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case NJ_BUNSINJYUTSU:
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,
 			sc_start(bl,type,100,skilllv,skill_get_time(skillid,skilllv)));
-		if (tsc && tsc->data[SC_NEN])
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_NEN,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_NEN, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 /* Was modified to only affect targetted char.	[Skotlex]
 	case HP_ASSUMPTIO:
@@ -3804,12 +3796,10 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 
 		if( tsc && tsc->count )
 		{
-			if( tsc->data[SC_FREEZE] )
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_FREEZE,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_FREEZE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if( tsc->data[SC_STONE] && tsc->opt1 == OPT1_STONE )
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_STONE,-1);
-			if( tsc->data[SC_SLEEP] )
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_SLEEP,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_SLEEP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 
 		if( dstmd )
@@ -3947,7 +3937,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 			skill_get_splash(skillid, skilllv), splash_target(src),
 			src,skillid,skilllv,tick, flag|BCT_ENEMY|1,
 			skill_castend_damage_id);
-		status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, -1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case ASC_METEORASSAULT:
@@ -4016,7 +4006,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 
 	case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
 		//Passive side of the attack.
-		status_change_end(src,SC_SIGHT,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_SIGHT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		map_foreachinrange(skill_area_sub,src,
 			skill_get_splash(skillid, skilllv),BL_CHAR|BL_SKILL,
@@ -4104,7 +4094,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case GS_GATLINGFEVER:
 		if( tsce )
 		{
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,status_change_end(bl, type, -1));
+			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER));
 			map_freeblock_unlock();
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -4133,7 +4123,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case SM_AUTOBERSERK:
 	case MER_AUTOBERSERK:
 		if( tsce )
-			i = status_change_end(bl, type, -1);
+			i = status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 		else
 			i = sc_start(bl,type,100,skilllv,60000);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,i);
@@ -4142,7 +4132,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case ST_CHASEWALK:
 		if (tsce)
 		{
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,-1,status_change_end(bl, type, -1)); //Hide skill-scream animation.
+			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,-1,status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER)); //Hide skill-scream animation.
 			map_freeblock_unlock();
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -4151,7 +4141,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case TK_RUN:
 		if (tsce)
 		{
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,status_change_end(bl, type, -1));
+			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER));
 			map_freeblock_unlock();
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -4162,7 +4152,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case AS_CLOAKING:
 		if (tsce)
 		{
-			i = status_change_end(bl, type, -1);
+			i = status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if( i )
 				clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,-1,i);
 			else if( sd )
@@ -4180,7 +4170,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case BD_ADAPTATION:
 		if(tsc && tsc->data[SC_DANCING]){
 			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		break;
 
@@ -4253,7 +4243,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 				break;
 
 			if (tsc->data[SC_STONE]) {
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_STONE,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
 				if (sd) clif_skill_fail(sd,skillid,0,0);
 				break;
 			}
@@ -4283,16 +4273,16 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,0);
 			break;
 		}
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_SILENCE	, -1 );
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND	, -1 );
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_CONFUSION, -1 );
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_SILENCE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CONFUSION, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 
 	case TF_DETOXIFY:
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_POISON	, -1 );
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_DPOISON	, -1 );
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_POISON, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_DPOISON, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case PR_STRECOVERY:
@@ -4301,10 +4291,10 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 			break;
 		}
 		if (tsc && tsc->opt1) {
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_FREEZE, -1 );
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, -1 );
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_SLEEP, -1 );
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_STUN, -1 );
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_FREEZE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_SLEEP, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_STUN, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		//Is this equation really right? It looks so... special.
 		if(battle_check_undead(tstatus->race,tstatus->def_ele))
@@ -4321,31 +4311,31 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 
 	// Mercenary Supportive Skills
 	case MER_BENEDICTION:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_CURSE, -1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CURSE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 	case MER_COMPRESS:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLEEDING, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLEEDING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 	case MER_MENTALCURE:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_CONFUSION, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CONFUSION, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 	case MER_RECUPERATE:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_POISON, -1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_SILENCE, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_POISON, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_SILENCE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 	case MER_REGAIN:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_SLEEP, -1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_STUN, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_SLEEP, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_STUN, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 	case MER_TENDER:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_FREEZE, -1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FREEZE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
 		break;
 
@@ -4642,8 +4632,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 	case AM_CP_HELM:
 		{
 			enum sc_type scid = (sc_type)(SC_STRIPWEAPON + (skillid - AM_CP_WEAPON));
-			if(tsc && tsc->data[scid])
-				status_change_end(bl, scid, -1 );
+			status_change_end(bl, scid, INVALID_TIMER);
 			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,
 				sc_start(bl,type,100,skilllv,skill_get_time(skillid,skilllv)));
 		}
@@ -4735,7 +4724,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 					break;
 				}
 				if(i==SC_BERSERK) tsc->data[i]->val2=0; //Mark a dispelled berserk to avoid setting hp to 100 by setting hp penalty to 0.
-				status_change_end(bl,(sc_type)i,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)i, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 			break;
 		}
@@ -4796,7 +4785,8 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 			} else {
 				struct unit_data *ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
 				int bl_skillid=0,bl_skilllv=0,hp = 0;
-				if (!ud || ud->skilltimer == -1) break; //Nothing to cancel.
+				if (!ud || ud->skilltimer == INVALID_TIMER)
+					break; //Nothing to cancel.
 				bl_skillid = ud->skillid;
 				bl_skilllv = ud->skilllv;
 				if (tstatus->mode & MD_BOSS)
@@ -5021,7 +5011,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 		{
 			clif_emotion(bl, md->db->skill[md->skillidx].val[0]);
 			if(md->db->skill[md->skillidx].val[4] && tsce)
-				status_change_end(bl, type, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 			if(md->db->skill[md->skillidx].val[1] || md->db->skill[md->skillidx].val[2])
 				sc_start4(src, type, 100, skilllv,
@@ -5225,12 +5215,10 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 			unit_skillcastcancel(bl,0);
 
 			if(tsc && tsc->count){
-				if(tsc->data[SC_FREEZE])
-					status_change_end(bl,SC_FREEZE,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_FREEZE, INVALID_TIMER);
 				if(tsc->data[SC_STONE] && tsc->opt1 == OPT1_STONE)
-					status_change_end(bl,SC_STONE,-1);
-				if(tsc->data[SC_SLEEP])
-					status_change_end(bl,SC_SLEEP,-1);
+					status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_SLEEP, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 
 			if(dstmd)
@@ -5297,8 +5285,7 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl, in
 				break;
 			}
 			for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
-				if(tsc->data[SC_STRIPWEAPON + i])
-					status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)(SC_STRIPWEAPON + i), -1 );
+				status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)(SC_STRIPWEAPON + i), INVALID_TIMER);
 				sc_start(bl,(sc_type)(SC_CP_WEAPON + i),100,skilllv,skilltime);
 			}
 			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
@@ -5771,7 +5758,7 @@ int skill_castend_id(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		if( sd && ud->skilltimer != -1 && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0 )
+		if( sd && ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0 )
 		{// restore original walk speed
 			ud->skilltimer = INVALID_TIMER;
 			status_calc_bl(&sd->bl, SCB_SPEED);
@@ -5875,7 +5862,7 @@ int skill_castend_id(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		}
 
 		//Avoid doing double checks for instant-cast skills.
-		if (tid != -1 && !status_check_skilluse(src, target, ud->skillid, 1))
+		if (tid != INVALID_TIMER && !status_check_skilluse(src, target, ud->skillid, 1))
 			break;
 
 		if(md) {
@@ -5909,7 +5896,7 @@ int skill_castend_id(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		if (ud->state.running && ud->skillid == TK_JUMPKICK)
 			flag = 1;
 
-		if (ud->walktimer != -1 && ud->skillid != TK_RUN)
+		if (ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER && ud->skillid != TK_RUN)
 			unit_stop_walking(src,1);
 
 		if( !sd || sd->skillitem != ud->skillid || skill_get_delay(ud->skillid,ud->skilllv) )
@@ -5952,7 +5939,7 @@ int skill_castend_id(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		if(sc && sc->count) {
 		  	if(sc->data[SC_MAGICPOWER] &&
 				ud->skillid != HW_MAGICPOWER && ud->skillid != WZ_WATERBALL)
-				status_change_end(src,SC_MAGICPOWER,-1);
+				status_change_end(src, SC_MAGICPOWER, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if(sc->data[SC_SPIRIT] &&
 				sc->data[SC_SPIRIT]->val2 == SL_WIZARD &&
 				sc->data[SC_SPIRIT]->val3 == ud->skillid &&
@@ -5966,7 +5953,7 @@ int skill_castend_id(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		if( sd && ud->skillid != SA_ABRACADABRA ) // Hocus-Pocus has just set the data so leave it as it is.[Inkfish]
 			sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = 0;
 
-		if (ud->skilltimer == -1) {
+		if (ud->skilltimer == INVALID_TIMER) {
 			if(md) md->skillidx = -1;
 			else ud->skillid = 0; //mobs can't clear this one as it is used for skill condition 'afterskill'
 			ud->skilllv = ud->skilltarget = 0;
@@ -5984,10 +5971,8 @@ int skill_castend_id(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		sc = &sd->sc;
 		if (sc->count)
 		{	//End states
-			if (sc->data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS])
-				status_change_end(src, SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, -1);
-			if (sc->data[SC_BLADESTOP])
-				status_change_end(src,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		if (target && target->m == src->m)
 		{	//Move character to target anyway.
@@ -6049,7 +6034,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if( sd && ud->skilltimer != -1 && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0 )
+	if( sd && ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0 )
 	{// restore original walk speed
 		ud->skilltimer = INVALID_TIMER;
 		status_calc_bl(&sd->bl, SCB_SPEED);
@@ -6091,7 +6076,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 			}
 		}
 
-		if(tid != -1)
+		if(tid != INVALID_TIMER)
 		{	//Avoid double checks on instant cast skills. [Skotlex]
 			if (!status_check_skilluse(src, NULL, ud->skillid, 1))
 				break;
@@ -6124,7 +6109,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 			ShowInfo("Type %d, ID %d skill castend pos [id =%d, lv=%d, (%d,%d)]\n",
 				src->type, src->id, ud->skillid, ud->skilllv, ud->skillx, ud->skilly);
 
-		if (ud->walktimer != -1)
+		if (ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			unit_stop_walking(src,1);
 
 		if( !sd || sd->skillitem != ud->skillid || skill_get_delay(ud->skillid,ud->skilllv) )
@@ -6148,7 +6133,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		if( sd && sd->skillitem != AL_WARP ) // Warp-Portal thru items will clear data in skill_castend_map. [Inkfish]
 			sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = 0;
 
-		if (ud->skilltimer == -1) {
+		if (ud->skilltimer == INVALID_TIMER) {
 			if (md) md->skillidx = -1;
 			else ud->skillid = 0; //Non mobs can't clear this one as it is used for skill condition 'afterskill'
 			ud->skilllv = ud->skillx = ud->skilly = 0;
@@ -6335,7 +6320,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos2(struct block_list* src, int x, int y, int skillid, int sk
 		break;
 	case HP_BASILICA:
 		if( sc->data[SC_BASILICA] )
-			status_change_end(src, SC_BASILICA, -1); // Cancel Basilica
+			status_change_end(src, SC_BASILICA, INVALID_TIMER); // Cancel Basilica
 		else
 		{ // Create Basilica. Start SC on caster. Unit timer start SC on others.
 			skill_clear_unitgroup(src);
@@ -6408,8 +6393,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos2(struct block_list* src, int x, int y, int skillid, int sk
 			unit_movepos(src, x, y, 1, 0);
 			clif_slide(src,x,y);
 		}
-		if (sc && sc->data[SC_HIDING])
-			status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, -1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case AM_SPHEREMINE:
 	case AM_CANNIBALIZE:
@@ -6544,7 +6528,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos2(struct block_list* src, int x, int y, int skillid, int sk
 	case PA_GOSPEL:
 		if (sce && sce->val4 == BCT_SELF)
 		{
-			status_change_end(src,SC_GOSPEL,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_GOSPEL, INVALID_TIMER);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		else
@@ -6552,7 +6536,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos2(struct block_list* src, int x, int y, int skillid, int sk
 			sg = skill_unitsetting(src,skillid,skilllv,src->x,src->y,0);
 			if (!sg) break;
 			if (sce)
-				status_change_end(src,type,-1); //Was under someone else's Gospel. [Skotlex]
+				status_change_end(src, type, INVALID_TIMER); //Was under someone else's Gospel. [Skotlex]
 			sc_start4(src,type,100,skilllv,0,sg->group_id,BCT_SELF,skill_get_time(skillid,skilllv));
 			clif_skill_poseffect(src, skillid, skilllv, 0, 0, tick); // PA_GOSPEL music packet
 		}
@@ -6578,8 +6562,7 @@ int skill_castend_pos2(struct block_list* src, int x, int y, int skillid, int sk
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	if (sc && sc->data[SC_MAGICPOWER])
-		status_change_end(src,SC_MAGICPOWER,-1);
+	status_change_end(src, SC_MAGICPOWER, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	if( sd )
 	{
@@ -7807,17 +7790,17 @@ int skill_unit_onout (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl, unsigned in
 	case UNT_SAFETYWALL:
 	case UNT_PNEUMA:
 		if (sce)
-			status_change_end(bl,type,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case UNT_BASILICA:
 		if( sce && sce->val4 == src->bl.id )
-			status_change_end(bl,type,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case UNT_HERMODE:	//Clear Hermode if the owner moved.
 		if (sce && sce->val3 == BCT_SELF && sce->val4 == sg->group_id)
-			status_change_end(bl,type,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 
 	case UNT_SPIDERWEB:
@@ -7826,7 +7809,7 @@ int skill_unit_onout (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl, unsigned in
 			if (target && target==bl)
 			{
 				if (sce && sce->val3 == sg->group_id)
-					status_change_end(bl,type,-1);
+					status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 				sg->limit = DIFF_TICK(tick,sg->tick)+1000;
 			}
 			break;
@@ -7857,7 +7840,7 @@ static int skill_unit_onleft (int skill_id, struct block_list *bl, unsigned int
 			if (bl->type==BL_MOB)
 				break;
 			if (sce)
-				status_change_end(bl, type, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 			break;
 
 		case BD_LULLABY:
@@ -7875,7 +7858,7 @@ static int skill_unit_onleft (int skill_id, struct block_list *bl, unsigned int
 				//it only checks if you are doing the same ensemble. So if there's two chars doing an ensemble
 				//which overlaps, by stepping outside of the other parther's ensemble will cause you to cancel
 				//your own. Let's pray that scenario is pretty unlikely and noone will complain too much about it.
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 		case MG_SAFETYWALL:
 		case AL_PNEUMA:
@@ -7886,7 +7869,7 @@ static int skill_unit_onleft (int skill_id, struct block_list *bl, unsigned int
 		case HW_GRAVITATION:
 		case NJ_SUITON:
 			if (sce)
-				status_change_end(bl, type, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 			break;
 
 		case BA_POEMBRAGI:
@@ -7909,11 +7892,11 @@ static int skill_unit_onleft (int skill_id, struct block_list *bl, unsigned int
 		case PF_FOGWALL:
 			if (sce)
 			{
-				status_change_end(bl,type,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 				if ((sce=sc->data[SC_BLIND]))
 				{
 					if (bl->type == BL_PC) //Players get blind ended inmediately, others have it still for 30 secs. [Skotlex]
-						status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND, -1);
+						status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND, INVALID_TIMER);
 					else {
 						delete_timer(sce->timer, status_change_timer);
 						sce->timer = add_timer(30000+tick, status_change_timer, bl->id, SC_BLIND);
@@ -8252,7 +8235,7 @@ int skill_check_condition_castbegin(struct map_session_data* sd, short skill, sh
 	switch( skill )
 	{
 	case SA_CASTCANCEL:
-		if(sd->ud.skilltimer == -1) {
+		if(sd->ud.skilltimer == INVALID_TIMER) {
 			clif_skill_fail(sd,skill,0,0);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -8352,7 +8335,7 @@ int skill_check_condition_castbegin(struct map_session_data* sd, short skill, sh
 		if (pc_famerank(sd->status.char_id,MAPID_TAEKWON))
 		{	//Unlimited Combo
 			if (skill == sd->skillid_old) {
-				status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_COMBO, -1);
+				status_change_end(&sd->bl, SC_COMBO, INVALID_TIMER);
 				sd->skillid_old = sd->skilllv_old = 0;
 				return 0; //Can't repeat previous combo skill.
 			}
@@ -9046,12 +9029,12 @@ int skill_castfix_sc (struct block_list *bl, int time)
 			time += time * sc->data[SC_SLOWCAST]->val2 / 100;
 		if (sc->data[SC_SUFFRAGIUM]) {
 			time -= time * sc->data[SC_SUFFRAGIUM]->val2 / 100;
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_SUFFRAGIUM, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_SUFFRAGIUM, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		if (sc->data[SC_MEMORIZE]) {
 			time>>=1;
 			if ((--sc->data[SC_MEMORIZE]->val2) <= 0)
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_MEMORIZE, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_MEMORIZE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		if (sc->data[SC_POEMBRAGI])
 			time -= time * sc->data[SC_POEMBRAGI]->val2 / 100;
@@ -9915,7 +9898,7 @@ int skill_enchant_elemental_end (struct block_list *bl, int type)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAYLENGTH(scs); i++)
 		if (type != scs[i] && sc->data[scs[i]])
-			status_change_end(bl, scs[i], -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, scs[i], INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -9940,7 +9923,7 @@ bool skill_check_cloaking(struct block_list *bl, struct status_change_entry *sce
 		if( !wall )
 		{
 			if( sce->val1 < 3 ) //End cloaking.
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
 			else
 			if( sce->val4&1 )
 			{	//Remove wall bonus
@@ -10039,7 +10022,7 @@ int skill_delunit (struct skill_unit* unit)
 		{
 		struct block_list* target = map_id2bl(group->val2);
 		if( target )
-			status_change_end(target,SC_ANKLE,-1);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_ANKLE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		break;
 	case WZ_ICEWALL:
@@ -10185,7 +10168,7 @@ int skill_delunitgroup_(struct skill_unit_group *group, const char* file, int li
 		if (sc && sc->data[SC_DANCING])
 		{
 			sc->data[SC_DANCING]->val2 = 0 ; //This prevents status_change_end attempting to redelete the group. [Skotlex]
-			status_change_end(src,SC_DANCING,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -10195,7 +10178,7 @@ int skill_delunitgroup_(struct skill_unit_group *group, const char* file, int li
 		struct status_change *sc = status_get_sc(src);
 		if(sc && sc->data[SC_GOSPEL]) {
 			sc->data[SC_GOSPEL]->val3 = 0; //Remove reference to this group. [Skotlex]
-			status_change_end(src,SC_GOSPEL,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_GOSPEL, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -10205,7 +10188,7 @@ int skill_delunitgroup_(struct skill_unit_group *group, const char* file, int li
 		struct status_change *sc = status_get_sc(src);
 		if(sc && sc->data[SC_WARM]) {
 			sc->data[SC_WARM]->val4 = 0;
-			status_change_end(src,SC_WARM,-1);
+			status_change_end(src, SC_WARM, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/map/status.c b/src/map/status.c
index 449ea8f56..45fe3a4cf 100644
--- a/src/map/status.c
+++ b/src/map/status.c
@@ -698,20 +698,20 @@ int status_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *target,int hp, int s
 		if( sc ) {
 			struct status_change_entry *sce;
 			if (sc->data[SC_STONE] && sc->opt1 == OPT1_STONE)
-				status_change_end(target,SC_STONE,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_FREEZE,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_SLEEP,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_WINKCHARM,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_CONFUSION,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_TRICKDEAD,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_HIDING,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_CLOAKING,-1);
-			status_change_end(target,SC_CHASEWALK,-1);
+				status_change_end(target, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_FREEZE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_SLEEP, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_WINKCHARM, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_CONFUSION, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_TRICKDEAD, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_CHASEWALK, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if ((sce=sc->data[SC_ENDURE]) && !sce->val4) {
 				//Endure count is only reduced by non-players on non-gvg maps.
 				//val4 signals infinite endure. [Skotlex]
 				if (src && src->type != BL_PC && !map_flag_gvg(target->m) && !map[target->m].flag.battleground && --(sce->val2) < 0)
-					status_change_end(target, SC_ENDURE, -1);
+					status_change_end(target, SC_ENDURE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 			if ((sce=sc->data[SC_GRAVITATION]) && sce->val3 == BCT_SELF)
 			{
@@ -719,11 +719,11 @@ int status_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *target,int hp, int s
 				if (sg) {
 					skill_delunitgroup(sg);
 					sce->val4 = 0;
-					status_change_end(target, SC_GRAVITATION, -1);
+					status_change_end(target, SC_GRAVITATION, INVALID_TIMER);
 				}
 			}
 			if(sc->data[SC_DANCING] && (unsigned int)hp > status->max_hp>>2)
-				status_change_end(target, SC_DANCING, -1);
+				status_change_end(target, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		unit_skillcastcancel(target, 2);
 	}
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ int status_damage(struct block_list *src,struct block_list *target,int hp, int s
 			status->hp < status->max_hp>>2)
 			sc_start4(target,SC_PROVOKE,100,10,1,0,0,0);
 		if (sc->data[SC_BERSERK] && status->hp <= 100)
-			status_change_end(target, SC_BERSERK, -1);
+			status_change_end(target, SC_BERSERK, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	switch (target->type)
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ int status_heal(struct block_list *bl,int hp,int sp, int flag)
 		sc->data[SC_PROVOKE]->val2==1 &&
 		status->hp>=status->max_hp>>2
 	)	//End auto berserk.
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_PROVOKE,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_PROVOKE, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 	// send hp update to client
 	switch(bl->type) {
@@ -2869,9 +2869,9 @@ void status_calc_bl_main(struct block_list *bl, enum scb_flag flag)
 		struct unit_data *ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
 		status->speed = status_calc_speed(bl, sc, b_status->speed);
 
-		//Re-walk to adjust speed (we do not check if walktimer != -1
+		//Re-walk to adjust speed (we do not check if walktimer != INVALID_TIMER
 		//because if you step on something while walking, the moment this
-		//piece of code triggers the walk-timer is set on -1) [Skotlex]
+		//piece of code triggers the walk-timer is set on INVALID_TIMER) [Skotlex]
 	  	if (ud)
 			ud->state.change_walk_target = ud->state.speed_changed = 1;
 
@@ -3757,7 +3757,7 @@ static unsigned short status_calc_speed(struct block_list *bl, struct status_cha
 	if( sc == NULL )
 		return cap_value(speed,10,USHRT_MAX);
 
-	if( sd && sd->ud.skilltimer != -1 && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0 )
+	if( sd && sd->ud.skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0 )
 	{
 		speed_rate = 175 - 5 * pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST);
 	}
@@ -4213,7 +4213,7 @@ signed char status_get_def(struct block_list *bl)
 	struct status_data *status = status_get_status_data(bl);
 	int def = status?status->def:0;
 	ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
-	if (ud && ud->skilltimer != -1)
+	if (ud && ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		def -= def * skill_get_castdef(ud->skillid)/100;
 	return cap_value(def, CHAR_MIN, CHAR_MAX);
 }
@@ -4846,7 +4846,7 @@ int status_change_start(struct block_list* bl,enum sc_type type,int rate,int val
 		if (val3) mode|= val3; //Add mode
 		if (mode == bstatus->mode) { //No change.
 			if (sc->data[type]) //Abort previous status
-				return status_change_end(bl, type, -1);
+				return status_change_end(bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
@@ -5001,133 +5001,132 @@ int status_change_start(struct block_list* bl,enum sc_type type,int rate,int val
 		//TO-DO Blessing and Agi up should do 1 damage against players on Undead Status, even on PvM
 		//but cannot be plagiarized (this requires aegis investigation on packets and official behavior) [Brainstorm]
 		if ((!undead_flag && status->race!=RC_DEMON) || bl->type == BL_PC) {
-			if (sc->data[SC_CURSE])
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_CURSE,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_CURSE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if (sc->data[SC_STONE] && sc->opt1 == OPT1_STONE)
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_STONE,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_STONE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		break;
 	case SC_INCREASEAGI:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_DECREASEAGI,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_DECREASEAGI, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_QUAGMIRE:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CONCENTRATE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_TRUESIGHT,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_WINDWALK,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CONCENTRATE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_TRUESIGHT, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_WINDWALK, INVALID_TIMER);
 		//Also blocks the ones below...
 	case SC_DECREASEAGI:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CARTBOOST,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CARTBOOST, INVALID_TIMER);
 		//Also blocks the ones below...
 	case SC_DONTFORGETME:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_INCREASEAGI,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ADRENALINE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ADRENALINE2,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_SPEARQUICKEN,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ONEHAND,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_MERC_QUICKEN,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ADRENALINE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ADRENALINE2, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_SPEARQUICKEN, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ONEHAND, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_MERC_QUICKEN, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_ONEHAND:
 	  	//Removes the Aspd potion effect, as reported by Vicious. [Skotlex]
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ASPDPOTION0,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ASPDPOTION1,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ASPDPOTION2,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ASPDPOTION3,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ASPDPOTION0, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ASPDPOTION1, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ASPDPOTION2, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ASPDPOTION3, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_MAXOVERTHRUST:
 	  	//Cancels Normal Overthrust. [Skotlex]
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_OVERTHRUST, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_OVERTHRUST, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_KYRIE:
 		//Cancels Assumptio
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ASSUMPTIO,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ASSUMPTIO, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_DELUGE:
 		if (sc->data[SC_FOGWALL] && sc->data[SC_BLIND])
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_BLIND,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_BLIND, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_SILENCE:
 		if (sc->data[SC_GOSPEL] && sc->data[SC_GOSPEL]->val4 == BCT_SELF)
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_GOSPEL,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_GOSPEL, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_HIDING:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE, -1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_BERSERK:
 		if(battle_config.berserk_cancels_buffs)
 		{
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_ONEHAND,-1);
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN,-1);
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_CONCENTRATION,-1);
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_PARRYING,-1);
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_AURABLADE,-1);
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_MERC_QUICKEN,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_ONEHAND, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_CONCENTRATION, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_PARRYING, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_AURABLADE, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_MERC_QUICKEN, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		break;
 	case SC_ASSUMPTIO:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_KYRIE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_KAITE,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_KYRIE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_KAITE, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_KAITE:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ASSUMPTIO,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ASSUMPTIO, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_CARTBOOST:
 		if(sc->data[SC_DECREASEAGI])
 		{	//Cancel Decrease Agi, but take no further effect [Skotlex]
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_DECREASEAGI,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_DECREASEAGI, INVALID_TIMER);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		break;
 	case SC_FUSION:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_SPIRIT,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_SPIRIT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_ADJUSTMENT:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_MADNESSCANCEL,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_MADNESSCANCEL, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_MADNESSCANCEL:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ADJUSTMENT,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ADJUSTMENT, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	//NPC_CHANGEUNDEAD will debuff Blessing and Agi Up
 	case SC_CHANGEUNDEAD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_BLESSING,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_INCREASEAGI,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLESSING, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_STRFOOD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_FOOD_STR_CASH,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FOOD_STR_CASH, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_AGIFOOD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_FOOD_AGI_CASH,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FOOD_AGI_CASH, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_VITFOOD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_FOOD_VIT_CASH,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FOOD_VIT_CASH, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_INTFOOD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_FOOD_INT_CASH,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FOOD_INT_CASH, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_DEXFOOD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_FOOD_DEX_CASH,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FOOD_DEX_CASH, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_LUKFOOD:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_FOOD_LUK_CASH,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_FOOD_LUK_CASH, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_FOOD_STR_CASH:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_STRFOOD,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_STRFOOD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_FOOD_AGI_CASH:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_AGIFOOD,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_AGIFOOD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_FOOD_VIT_CASH:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_VITFOOD,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_VITFOOD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_FOOD_INT_CASH:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_INTFOOD,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_INTFOOD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_FOOD_DEX_CASH:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_DEXFOOD,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_DEXFOOD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_FOOD_LUK_CASH:
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_LUKFOOD,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_LUKFOOD, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	}
 
@@ -5198,9 +5197,9 @@ int status_change_start(struct block_list* bl,enum sc_type type,int rate,int val
 			case SC_KAAHI:
 				//Kaahi overwrites previous level regardless of existing level.
 				//Delete timer if it exists.
-				if (sce->val4 != -1) {
+				if (sce->val4 != INVALID_TIMER) {
 					delete_timer(sce->val4,kaahi_heal_timer);
-					sce->val4=-1;
+					sce->val4 = INVALID_TIMER;
 				}
 				break;
 			case SC_JAILED:
@@ -5821,7 +5820,7 @@ int status_change_start(struct block_list* bl,enum sc_type type,int rate,int val
 		case SC_KAAHI:
 			val2 = 200*val1; //HP heal
 			val3 = 5*val1; //SP cost 
-			val4 = -1;	//Kaahi Timer.
+			val4 = INVALID_TIMER;	//Kaahi Timer.
 			break;
 		case SC_BLESSING:
 			if ((!undead_flag && status->race!=RC_DEMON) || bl->type == BL_PC)
@@ -6087,7 +6086,7 @@ int status_change_start(struct block_list* bl,enum sc_type type,int rate,int val
 			clif_changelook(bl,LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,val4);
 			break;	
 		case SC_KAAHI:
-			val4 = -1;
+			val4 = INVALID_TIMER;
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -6102,7 +6101,7 @@ int status_change_start(struct block_list* bl,enum sc_type type,int rate,int val
 				pc_setstand(sd);
 		case SC_TRICKDEAD:
 			unit_stop_attack(bl);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
 			// Cancel cast when get status [LuzZza]
 			if (battle_config.sc_castcancel&bl->type)
 				unit_skillcastcancel(bl, 0);
@@ -6448,14 +6447,14 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 
 	sd = BL_CAST(BL_PC,bl);
 
-	if (sce->timer != tid && tid != -1)
+	if (sce->timer != tid && tid != INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (tid == -1) {
+	if (tid == INVALID_TIMER) {
 		if (type == SC_ENDURE && sce->val4)
 			//Do not end infinite endure.
 			return 0;
-		if (sce->timer != -1) //Could be a SC with infinite duration
+		if (sce->timer != INVALID_TIMER) //Could be a SC with infinite duration
 			delete_timer(sce->timer,status_change_timer);
 		if (sc->opt1)
 		switch (type) {
@@ -6514,7 +6513,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 				if(!ud->state.running)
 					begin_spurt = false;
 				ud->state.running = 0;
-				if (ud->walktimer != -1)
+				if (ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 					unit_stop_walking(bl,1);
 			}
 			if (begin_spurt && sce->val1 >= 7 &&
@@ -6526,7 +6525,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 		break;
 		case SC_AUTOBERSERK:
 			if (sc->data[SC_PROVOKE] && sc->data[SC_PROVOKE]->val2 == 1)
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_PROVOKE,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_PROVOKE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			break;
 
 		case SC_ENDURE:
@@ -6541,14 +6540,14 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 					for( i = 0; i < 5; i++ )
 					{
 						if( sd->devotion[i] && (tsd = map_id2sd(sd->devotion[i])) && tsd->sc.data[type] )
-							status_change_end(&tsd->bl, type, -1);
+							status_change_end(&tsd->bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 					}
 				}
 				else if( bl->type == BL_MER && ((TBL_MER*)bl)->devotion_flag )
 				{ // Clear Status from Master
 					tsd = ((TBL_MER*)bl)->master;
 					if( tsd && tsd->sc.data[type] )
-						status_change_end(&tsd->bl, type, -1);
+						status_change_end(&tsd->bl, type, INVALID_TIMER);
 				}
 			}
 			break;
@@ -6564,10 +6563,10 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 					clif_devotion(d_bl, NULL);
 				}
 
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_AUTOGUARD,-1);
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_DEFENDER,-1);
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_REFLECTSHIELD,-1);
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_ENDURE,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_AUTOGUARD, INVALID_TIMER);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_DEFENDER, INVALID_TIMER);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_REFLECTSHIELD, INVALID_TIMER);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_ENDURE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 			break;
 
@@ -6581,7 +6580,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 				if(tbl && tsc && tsc->data[SC_BLADESTOP])
 				{
 					tsc->data[SC_BLADESTOP]->val4 = 0;
-					status_change_end(tbl,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
+					status_change_end(tbl, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 				}
 				clif_bladestop(bl, tid, 0);
 			}
@@ -6598,7 +6597,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 					if(dsc)
 					{	//This will prevent recursive loops. 
 						dsc->val2 = dsc->val4 = 0;
-						status_change_end(&dsd->bl, SC_DANCING, -1);
+						status_change_end(&dsd->bl, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -6621,11 +6620,11 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 				if((sce->val1&0xFFFF) == CG_MOONLIT)
 					clif_status_change(bl,SI_MOONLIT,0,0);
 
-				status_change_end(bl,SC_LONGING,-1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_LONGING, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 			break;
 		case SC_NOCHAT:
-			if (sd && sd->status.manner < 0 && tid != -1)
+			if (sd && sd->status.manner < 0 && tid != INVALID_TIMER)
 				sd->status.manner = 0;
 			if (sd)
 			{
@@ -6636,7 +6635,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 		case SC_SPLASHER:	
 			{
 				struct block_list *src=map_id2bl(sce->val3);
-				if(src && tid!=-1)
+				if(src && tid != INVALID_TIMER)
 					skill_castend_damage_id(src, bl, sce->val2, sce->val1, gettick(), SD_LEVEL );
 			}
 			break;
@@ -6648,7 +6647,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 					//If status was already ended, do nothing.
 					//Decrease count
 					if (--(sc2->data[SC_CLOSECONFINE]->val1) <= 0) //No more holds, free him up.
-						status_change_end(src, SC_CLOSECONFINE, -1);
+						status_change_end(src, SC_CLOSECONFINE, INVALID_TIMER);
 				}
 			}
 		case SC_CLOSECONFINE:
@@ -6685,7 +6684,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 				if (sc2 && sc2->data[type2])
 				{
 					sc2->data[type2]->val1 = 0;
-					status_change_end(pbl, type2, -1);
+					status_change_end(pbl, type2, INVALID_TIMER);
 				}
 			}
 			break;
@@ -6697,7 +6696,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 			if(sc->data[SC_ENDURE] && sc->data[SC_ENDURE]->val4 == 2)
 			{
 				sc->data[SC_ENDURE]->val4 = 0;
-				status_change_end(bl, SC_ENDURE, -1);
+				status_change_end(bl, SC_ENDURE, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 			sc_start4(bl, SC_REGENERATION, 100, 10,0,0,(RGN_HP|RGN_SP), skill_get_time(LK_BERSERK, sce->val1));
 			break;
@@ -6727,25 +6726,25 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 			break;
 		case SC_KAAHI:
 			//Delete timer if it exists.
-			if (sce->val4 != -1)
+			if (sce->val4 != INVALID_TIMER)
 				delete_timer(sce->val4,kaahi_heal_timer);
 			break;
 		case SC_JAILED:
-			if(tid == -1)
+			if(tid == INVALID_TIMER)
 				break;
 		  	//natural expiration.
 			if(sd && sd->mapindex == sce->val2)
 				pc_setpos(sd,(unsigned short)sce->val3,sce->val4&0xFFFF, sce->val4>>16, CLR_TELEPORT);
 			break; //guess hes not in jail :P
 		case SC_CHANGE:
-			if (tid == -1)
+			if (tid == INVALID_TIMER)
 		 		break;
 			// "lose almost all their HP and SP" on natural expiration.
 			status_set_hp(bl, 10, 0);
 			status_set_sp(bl, 10, 0);
 			break;
 		case SC_AUTOTRADE:
-			if (tid == -1)
+			if (tid == INVALID_TIMER)
 				break;
 			vending_closevending(sd);
 			map_quit(sd);
@@ -6759,7 +6758,7 @@ int status_change_end(struct block_list* bl, enum sc_type type, int tid)
 				struct block_list* tbl = map_id2bl(sce->val2);
 				sce->val2 = 0;
 				if( tbl && (sc = status_get_sc(tbl)) && sc->data[SC_STOP] && sc->data[SC_STOP]->val2 == bl->id )
-					status_change_end(tbl, SC_STOP, -1);
+					status_change_end(tbl, SC_STOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 			}
 			break;
 		}
@@ -6956,13 +6955,13 @@ int kaahi_heal_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 
 	if(sce->val4 != tid) {
 		ShowError("kaahi_heal_timer: Timer mismatch: %d != %d\n", tid, sce->val4);
-		sce->val4=-1;
+		sce->val4 = INVALID_TIMER;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	status=status_get_status_data(bl);
 	if(!status_charge(bl, 0, sce->val3)) {
-		sce->val4=-1;
+		sce->val4 = INVALID_TIMER;
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -6971,7 +6970,7 @@ int kaahi_heal_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		hp = sce->val2;
 	if (hp)
 		status_heal(bl, hp, 0, 2);
-	sce->val4=-1;
+	sce->val4 = INVALID_TIMER;
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -7350,13 +7349,13 @@ int status_change_timer_sub(struct block_list* bl, va_list ap)
 	{
 	case SC_SIGHT:	/* サイト */
 	case SC_CONCENTRATE:
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		break;
 	case SC_RUWACH:	/* ルアフ */
 		if (tsc && (tsc->data[SC_HIDING] || tsc->data[SC_CLOAKING])) {
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
 			if(battle_check_target( src, bl, BCT_ENEMY ) > 0)
 				skill_attack(BF_MAGIC,src,src,bl,AL_RUWACH,1,tick,0);
 		}
@@ -7373,7 +7372,7 @@ int status_change_timer_sub(struct block_list* bl, va_list ap)
 		//Lock char has released the hold on everyone...
 		if (tsc && tsc->data[SC_CLOSECONFINE2] && tsc->data[SC_CLOSECONFINE2]->val2 == src->id) {
 			tsc->data[SC_CLOSECONFINE2]->val2 = 0;
-			status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, -1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, INVALID_TIMER);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -7395,8 +7394,7 @@ int status_change_clear_buffs (struct block_list* bl, int type)
 	if (type&2) //Debuffs
 	for( i = SC_COMMON_MIN; i <= SC_COMMON_MAX; i++ )
 	{
-		if(sc->data[i])
-			status_change_end(bl,(sc_type)i,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)i, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	for( i = SC_COMMON_MAX+1; i < SC_MAX; i++ )
@@ -7469,7 +7467,7 @@ int status_change_clear_buffs (struct block_list* bl, int type)
 					continue;
 				break;
 		}
-		status_change_end(bl,(sc_type)i,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, (sc_type)i, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -7557,7 +7555,7 @@ static int status_natural_heal(struct block_list* bl, va_list args)
 
 	ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
 
-	if (flag&(RGN_HP|RGN_SHP|RGN_SSP) && ud && ud->walktimer != -1)
+	if (flag&(RGN_HP|RGN_SHP|RGN_SSP) && ud && ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 	{
 		flag&=~(RGN_SHP|RGN_SSP);
 		if(!regen->state.walk)
@@ -7580,7 +7578,7 @@ static int status_natural_heal(struct block_list* bl, va_list args)
 	if (flag&RGN_HP)
 	{
 		rate = natural_heal_diff_tick*(regen->rate.hp+bonus);
-		if (ud && ud->walktimer != -1)
+		if (ud && ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			rate/=2;
 		// Homun HP regen fix (they should regen as if they were sitting (twice as fast) 
 		if(bl->type==BL_HOM) rate *=2;
diff --git a/src/map/storage.c b/src/map/storage.c
index 9aa34d3e0..116ba18c9 100644
--- a/src/map/storage.c
+++ b/src/map/storage.c
@@ -398,11 +398,12 @@ int guild_storage_additem(struct map_session_data* sd, struct guild_storage* sto
 	nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 	nullpo_retr(1, stor);
 	nullpo_retr(1, item_data);
-	nullpo_retr(1, data = itemdb_search(item_data->nameid));
 
 	if(item_data->nameid <= 0 || amount <= 0)
 		return 1;
 
+	data = itemdb_search(item_data->nameid);
+
 	if( data->stack.guildstorage && amount > data->stack.amount )
 	{// item stack limitation
 		return 1;
diff --git a/src/map/trade.c b/src/map/trade.c
index 32c84b508..ba01826f2 100644
--- a/src/map/trade.c
+++ b/src/map/trade.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void trade_traderequest(struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *ta
 		}
 	}
 
-	if ((target_sd->trade_partner != 0) || (sd->trade_partner != 0)) {
+	if (target_sd->trade_partner != 0) {
 		clif_tradestart(sd, 2); // person is in another trade
 		return;
 	}
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ void trade_tradeack(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 	if (tsd->state.trading || tsd->trade_partner != sd->bl.id)
 	{
 		clif_tradestart(sd, 2);
+		sd->trade_partner=0;
 		return; //Already trading or wrong partner.
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/map/unit.c b/src/map/unit.c
index df4efef8e..7abfde12b 100644
--- a/src/map/unit.c
+++ b/src/map/unit.c
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ static int unit_walktoxy_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	map_moveblock(bl, x, y, tick);
 	ud->walk_count++; //walked cell counter, to be used for walk-triggered skills. [Skotlex]
 
-	if (bl->x != x || bl->y != y || ud->walktimer != -1)
+	if (bl->x != x || bl->y != y || ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 0; //map_moveblock has altered the object beyond what we expected (moved/warped it)
 
 	ud->walktimer = -2; // arbitrary non-INVALID_TIMER value to make the clif code send walking packets
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ static int unit_walktoxy_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		if (md->min_chase > md->db->range3) md->min_chase--;
 		//Walk skills are triggered regardless of target due to the idle-walk mob state.
 		//But avoid triggering on stop-walk calls.
-		if(tid != -1 &&
+		if(tid != INVALID_TIMER &&
 			!(ud->walk_count%WALK_SKILL_INTERVAL) &&
 			mobskill_use(md, tick, -1))
 	  	{
-			if (!(ud->skillid == NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION && ud->skilltimer != -1))
+			if (!(ud->skillid == NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION && ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER))
 			{	//Skill used, abort walking
 				clif_fixpos(bl); //Fix position as walk has been cancelled.
 				return 0;
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ static int unit_walktoxy_timer(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if(tid == -1) //A directly invoked timer is from battle_stop_walking, therefore the rest is irrelevant.
+	if(tid == INVALID_TIMER) //A directly invoked timer is from battle_stop_walking, therefore the rest is irrelevant.
 		return 0;
 		
 	if(ud->state.change_walk_target)
@@ -306,14 +306,14 @@ int unit_walktoxy( struct block_list *bl, short x, short y, int flag)
 	if (sc && sc->data[SC_CONFUSION]) //Randomize the target position
 		map_random_dir(bl, &ud->to_x, &ud->to_y);
 
-	if(ud->walktimer != -1) {
+	if(ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		// 現在歩いている最中の目的地変更なのでマス目の中心に来た時に
 		// timer関数からunit_walktoxy_subを呼ぶようにする
 		ud->state.change_walk_target = 1;
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	if(ud->attacktimer != -1) {
+	if(ud->attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer( ud->attacktimer, unit_attack_timer );
 		ud->attacktimer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ static int unit_walktobl_sub(int tid, unsigned int tick, int id, intptr data)
 	struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl(id);
 	struct unit_data *ud = bl?unit_bl2ud(bl):NULL;
 
-	if (ud && ud->walktimer == -1 && ud->target == data)
+	if (ud && ud->walktimer == INVALID_TIMER && ud->target == data)
 	{
 		if (DIFF_TICK(ud->canmove_tick, tick) > 0) //Keep waiting?
 			add_timer(ud->canmove_tick+1, unit_walktobl_sub, id, data);
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ int unit_walktobl(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *tbl, int range, int
 	if (sc && sc->data[SC_CONFUSION]) //Randomize the target position
 		map_random_dir(bl, &ud->to_x, &ud->to_y);
 
-	if(ud->walktimer != -1) {
+	if(ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		ud->state.change_walk_target = 1;
 		set_mobstate(bl, flag&2);
 		return 1;
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ int unit_walktobl(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *tbl, int range, int
 	if(!unit_can_move(bl))
 		return 0;
 
-	if(ud->attacktimer != -1) {
+	if(ud->attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 		delete_timer( ud->attacktimer, unit_attack_timer );
 		ud->attacktimer = INVALID_TIMER;
 	}
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ int unit_run(struct block_list *bl)
 		return 0;
 	
 	if (!unit_can_move(bl)) {
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_RUN,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_RUN, INVALID_TIMER);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ int unit_run(struct block_list *bl)
 
 		//Set running to 0 beforehand so status_change_end knows not to enable spurt [Kevin]
 		unit_bl2ud(bl)->state.running = 0;
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_RUN,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_RUN, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 		skill_blown(bl,bl,skill_get_blewcount(TK_RUN,lv),unit_getdir(bl),0);
 		clif_fixpos(bl); //Why is a clif_slide (skill_blown) AND a fixpos needed? Ask Aegis.
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ int unit_run(struct block_list *bl)
 
 		//Set running to 0 beforehand so status_change_end knows not to enable spurt [Kevin]
 		unit_bl2ud(bl)->state.running = 0;
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_RUN,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_RUN, INVALID_TIMER);
 
 		skill_blown(bl,bl,skill_get_blewcount(TK_RUN,lv),unit_getdir(bl),0);
 		clif_fixpos(bl);
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ int unit_stop_walking(struct block_list *bl,int type)
 	nullpo_ret(bl);
 
 	ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
-	if(!ud || ud->walktimer == -1)
+	if(!ud || ud->walktimer == INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 0;
 	//NOTE: We are using timer data after deleting it because we know the 
 	//delete_timer function does not messes with it. If the function's 
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ int unit_stop_walking(struct block_list *bl,int type)
 	||  (type&0x04 && td && DIFF_TICK(td->tick, tick) <= td->data/2) //Enough time has passed to cover half-cell
 	) {	
 		ud->walkpath.path_len = ud->walkpath.path_pos+1;
-		unit_walktoxy_timer(-1, tick, bl->id, ud->walkpath.path_pos);
+		unit_walktoxy_timer(INVALID_TIMER, tick, bl->id, ud->walkpath.path_pos);
 	}
 
 	if(type&0x01)
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ int unit_stop_walking(struct block_list *bl,int type)
 
 	//Readded, the check in unit_set_walkdelay means dmg during running won't fall through to this place in code [Kevin]
 	if (ud->state.running)
-		status_change_end(bl, SC_RUN, -1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_RUN, INVALID_TIMER);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ int unit_is_walking(struct block_list *bl)
 	struct unit_data *ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
 	nullpo_ret(bl);
 	if(!ud) return 0;
-	return (ud->walktimer != -1);
+	return (ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ int unit_can_move(struct block_list *bl)
 	if (!ud)
 		return 0;
 	
-	if (ud->skilltimer != -1 && (!sd || !pc_checkskill(sd, SA_FREECAST) || skill_get_inf2(ud->skillid)&INF2_GUILD_SKILL))
+	if (ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER && (!sd || !pc_checkskill(sd, SA_FREECAST) || skill_get_inf2(ud->skillid)&INF2_GUILD_SKILL))
 		return 0; // prevent moving while casting
 	
 	if (DIFF_TICK(ud->canmove_tick, gettick()) > 0)
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ int unit_set_walkdelay(struct block_list *bl, unsigned int tick, int delay, int
 			return 0;
 	}
 	ud->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
-	if (ud->walktimer != -1)
+	if (ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 	{	//Stop walking, if chasing, readjust timers.
 		if (delay == 1)
 		{	//Minimal delay (walk-delay) disabled. Just stop walking.
@@ -939,8 +939,6 @@ int unit_skilluse_id2(struct block_list *src, int target_id, short skill_num, sh
 		if(skillnotok(skill_num, sd)) // [MouseJstr]
 			return 0;
 
-		mob_ksprotected(src, map_id2bl(target_id));
-
 		switch(skill_num)
 		{	//Check for skills that auto-select target
 		case MO_CHAINCOMBO:
@@ -987,8 +985,11 @@ int unit_skilluse_id2(struct block_list *src, int target_id, short skill_num, sh
 	if( !target || src->m != target->m || !src->prev || !target->prev )
 		return 0;
 
+	if( mob_ksprotected(src, target) )
+		return 0;
+
 	//Normally not needed because clif.c checks for it, but the at/char/script commands don't! [Skotlex]
-	if(ud->skilltimer != -1 && skill_num != SA_CASTCANCEL)
+	if(ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER && skill_num != SA_CASTCANCEL)
 		return 0;
 
 	if(skill_get_inf2(skill_num)&INF2_NO_TARGET_SELF && src->id == target_id)
@@ -1047,7 +1048,7 @@ int unit_skilluse_id2(struct block_list *src, int target_id, short skill_num, sh
 
 	//Check range when not using skill on yourself or is a combo-skill during attack
 	//(these are supposed to always have the same range as your attack)
-	if( src->id != target_id && (!temp || ud->attacktimer == -1) )
+	if( src->id != target_id && (!temp || ud->attacktimer == INVALID_TIMER) )
 	{
 		if( skill_get_state(ud->skillid) == ST_MOVE_ENABLE )
 		{
@@ -1065,7 +1066,7 @@ int unit_skilluse_id2(struct block_list *src, int target_id, short skill_num, sh
 
 	if (!temp) //Stop attack on non-combo skills [Skotlex]
 		unit_stop_attack(src);
-	else if(ud->attacktimer != -1) //Elsewise, delay current attack sequence
+	else if(ud->attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER) //Elsewise, delay current attack sequence
 		ud->attackabletime = tick + status_get_adelay(src);
 	
 	ud->state.skillcastcancel = castcancel;
@@ -1180,7 +1181,7 @@ int unit_skilluse_id2(struct block_list *src, int target_id, short skill_num, sh
 
  	if( sc && sc->data[SC_CLOAKING] && !(sc->data[SC_CLOAKING]->val4&4) && skill_num != AS_CLOAKING )
 	{
-		status_change_end(src,SC_CLOAKING,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		if (!src->prev) return 0; //Warped away!
 	}
 
@@ -1224,7 +1225,7 @@ int unit_skilluse_pos2( struct block_list *src, short skill_x, short skill_y, sh
 	ud = unit_bl2ud(src);
 	if(ud == NULL) return 0;
 
-	if(ud->skilltimer != -1) //Normally not needed since clif.c checks for it, but at/char/script commands don't! [Skotlex]
+	if(ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER) //Normally not needed since clif.c checks for it, but at/char/script commands don't! [Skotlex]
 		return 0;
 	
 	sc = status_get_sc(src);
@@ -1285,7 +1286,7 @@ int unit_skilluse_pos2( struct block_list *src, short skill_x, short skill_y, sh
 
 	if (sc && sc->data[SC_CLOAKING] && !(sc->data[SC_CLOAKING]->val4&4))
 	{
-		status_change_end(src,SC_CLOAKING,-1);
+		status_change_end(src, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
 		if (!src->prev) return 0; //Warped away!
 	}
 
@@ -1310,7 +1311,7 @@ int unit_stop_attack(struct block_list *bl)
 	struct unit_data *ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
 	nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-	if(!ud || ud->attacktimer == -1)
+	if(!ud || ud->attacktimer == INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 0;
 
 	delete_timer( ud->attacktimer, unit_attack_timer );
@@ -1380,7 +1381,7 @@ int unit_attack(struct block_list *src,int target_id,int continuous)
 		ud->chaserange = status_get_range(src);
 
 	//Just change target/type. [Skotlex]
-	if(ud->attacktimer != -1)
+	if(ud->attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 0;
 
 	//Set Mob's ANGRY/BERSERK states.
@@ -1391,7 +1392,7 @@ int unit_attack(struct block_list *src,int target_id,int continuous)
 		//Do attack next time it is possible. [Skotlex]
 		ud->attacktimer=add_timer(ud->attackabletime,unit_attack_timer,src->id,0);
 	else //Attack NOW.
-		unit_attack_timer(-1,gettick(),src->id,0);
+		unit_attack_timer(INVALID_TIMER, gettick(), src->id, 0);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1402,7 +1403,7 @@ int unit_cancel_combo(struct block_list *bl)
 {
 	struct unit_data  *ud;
 
-	if (!status_change_end(bl, SC_COMBO, -1))
+	if (!status_change_end(bl, SC_COMBO, INVALID_TIMER))
 		return 0; //Combo wasn't active.
 
 	ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
@@ -1410,7 +1411,7 @@ int unit_cancel_combo(struct block_list *bl)
 
 	ud->attackabletime = gettick() + status_get_amotion(bl);
 
-	if (ud->attacktimer == -1)
+	if (ud->attacktimer == INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 1; //Nothing more to do.
 	
 	delete_timer(ud->attacktimer, unit_attack_timer);
@@ -1563,12 +1564,12 @@ static int unit_attack_timer_sub(struct block_list* src, int tid, unsigned int t
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if( ud->skilltimer != -1 && !(sd && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0) )
+	if( ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER && !(sd && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0) )
 		return 0; // can't attack while casting
 	
 	if( !battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable && DIFF_TICK(ud->canact_tick,tick) > 0 && !(sd && pc_checkskill(sd,SA_FREECAST) > 0) )
 	{ // attacking when under cast delay has restrictions:
-		if( tid == -1 )
+		if( tid == INVALID_TIMER )
 		{ //requested attack.
 			if(sd) clif_skill_fail(sd,1,4,0);
 			return 0;
@@ -1612,14 +1613,14 @@ static int unit_attack_timer_sub(struct block_list* src, int tid, unsigned int t
 
 	//Sync packet only for players.
 	//Non-players use the sync packet on the walk timer. [Skotlex]
-	if (tid == -1 && sd) clif_fixpos(src);
+	if (tid == INVALID_TIMER && sd) clif_fixpos(src);
 
 	if( DIFF_TICK(ud->attackabletime,tick) <= 0 )
 	{
 		if (battle_config.attack_direction_change && (src->type&battle_config.attack_direction_change)) {
 			ud->dir = map_calc_dir(src, target->x,target->y );
 		}
-		if(ud->walktimer != -1)
+		if(ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 			unit_stop_walking(src,1);
 		if(md) {
 			if (mobskill_use(md,tick,-1))
@@ -1674,7 +1675,7 @@ int unit_skillcastcancel(struct block_list *bl,int type)
 	int ret=0, skill;
 	
 	nullpo_ret(bl);
-	if (!ud || ud->skilltimer==-1)
+	if (!ud || ud->skilltimer == INVALID_TIMER)
 		return 0; //Nothing to cancel.
 
 	sd = BL_CAST(BL_PC, bl);
@@ -1732,9 +1733,9 @@ void unit_dataset(struct block_list *bl)
 
 	memset( ud, 0, sizeof( struct unit_data) );
 	ud->bl             = bl;
-	ud->walktimer      = -1;
-	ud->skilltimer     = -1;
-	ud->attacktimer    = -1;
+	ud->walktimer      = INVALID_TIMER;
+	ud->skilltimer     = INVALID_TIMER;
+	ud->attacktimer    = INVALID_TIMER;
 	ud->attackabletime = 
 	ud->canact_tick    = 
 	ud->canmove_tick   = gettick();
@@ -1754,7 +1755,7 @@ static int unit_counttargeted_sub(struct block_list* bl, va_list ap)
 
 	ud = unit_bl2ud(bl);
 
-	if (ud && ud->target == id && ud->attacktimer != -1 && ud->attacktarget_lv >= target_lv)
+	if (ud && ud->target == id && ud->attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER && ud->attacktarget_lv >= target_lv)
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;	
@@ -1821,36 +1822,36 @@ int unit_remove_map_(struct block_list *bl, clr_type clrtype, const char* file,
 	map_freeblock_lock();
 
 	ud->target = 0; //Unlock walk/attack target.
-	if (ud->walktimer != -1)
+	if (ud->walktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		unit_stop_walking(bl,0);
-	if (ud->attacktimer != -1)
+	if (ud->attacktimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		unit_stop_attack(bl);
-	if (ud->skilltimer != -1)
+	if (ud->skilltimer != INVALID_TIMER)
 		unit_skillcastcancel(bl,0);
 // Do not reset can-act delay. [Skotlex]
 	ud->attackabletime = ud->canmove_tick /*= ud->canact_tick*/ = gettick();
 	
 	if(sc && sc->count ) { //map-change/warp dispells.
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_BLADESTOP,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_BASILICA,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_ANKLE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_TRICKDEAD,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_RUN,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_DANCING,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_WARM,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_DEVOTION,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_MARIONETTE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_MARIONETTE2,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CLOSECONFINE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CLOSECONFINE2,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_HIDING,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CLOAKING,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CHASEWALK,-1);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLADESTOP, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BASILICA, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_ANKLE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_TRICKDEAD, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_RUN, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_DANCING, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_WARM, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_DEVOTION, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_MARIONETTE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_MARIONETTE2, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOSECONFINE2, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_HIDING, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CLOAKING, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CHASEWALK, INVALID_TIMER);
 		if (sc->data[SC_GOSPEL] && sc->data[SC_GOSPEL]->val4 == BCT_SELF)
-			status_change_end(bl,SC_GOSPEL,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_CHANGE,-1);
-		status_change_end(bl,SC_STOP,-1);
+			status_change_end(bl, SC_GOSPEL, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_CHANGE, INVALID_TIMER);
+		status_change_end(bl, SC_STOP, INVALID_TIMER);
 	}
 
 	if (bl->type&BL_CHAR) {
@@ -1890,7 +1891,7 @@ int unit_remove_map_(struct block_list *bl, clr_type clrtype, const char* file,
 		sd->npc_shopid = 0;
 		sd->adopt_invite = 0;
 
-		if(sd->pvp_timer!=-1) {
+		if(sd->pvp_timer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 			delete_timer(sd->pvp_timer,pc_calc_pvprank_timer);
 			sd->pvp_timer = INVALID_TIMER;
 			sd->pvp_rank = 0;
@@ -2052,7 +2053,7 @@ int unit_free(struct block_list *bl, clr_type clrtype)
 			pc_delautobonus(sd,sd->autobonus2,ARRAYLENGTH(sd->autobonus2),false);
 			pc_delautobonus(sd,sd->autobonus3,ARRAYLENGTH(sd->autobonus3),false);
 			
-			if( sd->followtimer != -1 )
+			if( sd->followtimer != INVALID_TIMER )
 				pc_stop_following(sd);
 				
 			if( sd->duel_invite > 0 )
@@ -2103,7 +2104,7 @@ int unit_free(struct block_list *bl, clr_type clrtype)
 			}
 			if( pd->s_skill )
 			{
-				if (pd->s_skill->timer != -1) {
+				if (pd->s_skill->timer != INVALID_TIMER) {
 					if (pd->s_skill->id)
 						delete_timer(pd->s_skill->timer, pet_skill_support_timer);
 					else
@@ -2114,14 +2115,14 @@ int unit_free(struct block_list *bl, clr_type clrtype)
 			}
 			if( pd->recovery )
 			{
-				if(pd->recovery->timer != -1)
+				if(pd->recovery->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 					delete_timer(pd->recovery->timer, pet_recovery_timer);
 				aFree(pd->recovery);
 				pd->recovery = NULL;
 			}
 			if( pd->bonus )
 			{
-				if (pd->bonus->timer != -1)
+				if (pd->bonus->timer != INVALID_TIMER)
 					delete_timer(pd->bonus->timer, pet_skill_bonus_timer);
 				aFree(pd->bonus);
 				pd->bonus = NULL;
diff --git a/src/map/vending.c b/src/map/vending.c
index 90bff7399..a47be9057 100644
--- a/src/map/vending.c
+++ b/src/map/vending.c
@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+static int vending_nextid = 1;
+
+/// Returns an unique vending shop id.
+static int vending_getuid(void)
+{
+	if(!vending_nextid)
+	{// wrapped around, 0 is reserved for "not vending" state on eathena
+		vending_nextid = 1;
+	}
+
+	return vending_nextid++;
+}
 
 /*==========================================
  * Close shop
@@ -50,13 +62,15 @@ void vending_vendinglistreq(struct map_session_data* sd, int id)
 		return;
 	} 
 
+	sd->vended_id = vsd->vender_id;  // register vending uid
+
 	clif_vendinglist(sd, id, vsd->vending);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Purchase item(s) from a shop
  *------------------------------------------*/
-void vending_purchasereq(struct map_session_data* sd, int aid, int cid, const uint8* data, int count)
+void vending_purchasereq(struct map_session_data* sd, int aid, int uid, const uint8* data, int count)
 {
 	int i, j, cursor, w, new_ = 0, blank, vend_list[MAX_VENDING];
 	double z;
@@ -64,12 +78,15 @@ void vending_purchasereq(struct map_session_data* sd, int aid, int cid, const ui
 	struct map_session_data* vsd = map_id2sd(aid);
 
 	nullpo_retv(sd);
-	if( vsd == NULL || vsd->vender_id == 0 || vsd->vender_id == sd->bl.id )
+	if( vsd == NULL || vsd->vender_id == 0 || vsd->bl.id == sd->bl.id )
 		return; // invalid shop
-#if PACKETVER >= 20100105
-	if( vsd->status.char_id != cid )
-		return; //Char-ID check
-#endif
+
+	if( vsd->vender_id != uid )
+	{// shop has changed
+		clif_buyvending(sd, 0, 0, 6);  // store information was incorrect
+		return;
+	}
+
 	if( sd->bl.m != vsd->bl.m || !check_distance_bl(&sd->bl, &vsd->bl, AREA_SIZE) )
 		return; // shop too far away
 	if( count < 1 || count > MAX_VENDING || count > vsd->vend_num )
@@ -289,11 +306,11 @@ void vending_openvending(struct map_session_data* sd, const char* message, bool
 		return;
 	}
 
-	sd->vender_id = sd->bl.id;
+	sd->vender_id = vending_getuid();
 	sd->vend_num = i;
 	safestrncpy(sd->message, message, MESSAGE_SIZE);
 
 	pc_stop_walking(sd,1);
-	clif_openvending(sd,sd->vender_id,sd->vending);
+	clif_openvending(sd,sd->bl.id,sd->vending);
 	clif_showvendingboard(&sd->bl,message,0);
 }
diff --git a/src/map/vending.h b/src/map/vending.h
index 9748b675a..3c483a38c 100644
--- a/src/map/vending.h
+++ b/src/map/vending.h
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ struct s_vending {
 void vending_closevending(struct map_session_data* sd);
 void vending_openvending(struct map_session_data* sd, const char* message, bool flag, const uint8* data, int count);
 void vending_vendinglistreq(struct map_session_data* sd, int id);
-void vending_purchasereq(struct map_session_data* sd, int aid, int cid, const uint8* data, int count);
+void vending_purchasereq(struct map_session_data* sd, int aid, int uid, const uint8* data, int count);
 
 #endif /* _VENDING_H_ */