Convert fd to Session* where meaningful

16 files changed, 1823 insertions, 1828 deletions

diff --git a/src/map/atcommand.cpp b/src/map/atcommand.cpp
index 9687968..931a4d0 100644
--- a/src/map/atcommand.cpp
+++ b/src/map/atcommand.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ struct AtCommandInfo
 {
     ZString args;
     int level;
-    ATCE (*proc)(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString message);
+    ATCE (*proc)(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString message);
     ZString help;
 
-    AtCommandInfo(ZString a, int l, ATCE (*p)(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>, ZString), ZString h)
+    AtCommandInfo(ZString a, int l, ATCE (*p)(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>, ZString), ZString h)
     : args(a), level(l), proc(p), help(h)
     {}
 };
@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ AtCommandInfo *atcommand(XString cmd);
 
 // These @commands are used within other @commands.
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message);
 static
-ATCE atcommand_skill_learn(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_skill_learn(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message);
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charwarp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charwarp(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message);
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charstreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charstreset(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message);
 
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ io::AppendFile *get_gm_log()
     return gm_logfile.get();
 }
 
-bool is_atcommand(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+bool is_atcommand(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message, int gmlvl)
 {
     nullpo_retr(false, sd);
@@ -237,14 +237,14 @@ bool is_atcommand(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF("GM command is level 0, but this server disables level 0 commands: %s",
                 FString(command));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         return true;
     }
     if (!info)
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF("GM command not found: %s",
                 FString(command));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         return true;
         // don't show in chat
     }
@@ -253,13 +253,13 @@ bool is_atcommand(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         FString output = STRPRINTF("GM command is level %d, but you are level %d: %s",
                 info->level, gmlvl,
                 FString(command));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         return true;
     }
 
     {
         {
-            ATCE err = info->proc(fd, sd, arg);
+            ATCE err = info->proc(s, sd, arg);
             switch (err)
             {
             case ATCE::OKAY:
@@ -268,17 +268,17 @@ bool is_atcommand(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                     log_atcommand(sd, message);
                 break;
             case ATCE::USAGE:
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Command failed: usage error");
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, STRPRINTF("Usage: %s %s", FString(command), info->args));
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Command failed: usage error");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, STRPRINTF("Usage: %s %s", FString(command), info->args));
                 break;
             case ATCE::EXIST:
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Command failed: something does not exist (or already exists)");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Command failed: something does not exist (or already exists)");
                 break;
             case ATCE::RANGE:
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Command failed: value out of range");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Command failed: value out of range");
                 break;
             case ATCE::PERM:
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Command failed: permission denied");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Command failed: permission denied");
                 break;
             default:
                 abort();
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ bool atcommand_config_read(ZString cfgName)
 /// @ command processing functions
 
 static
-void atc_do_help(const int fd, const char *cmd, const AtCommandInfo& info)
+void atc_do_help(Session *s, const char *cmd, const AtCommandInfo& info)
 {
     auto msg = STRPRINTF("\u2007\u2007%d: @%s %s", info.level, cmd, info.args);
     // manually padding because *space*
@@ -374,18 +374,18 @@ void atc_do_help(const int fd, const char *cmd, const AtCommandInfo& info)
         ++ll;
     if (info.level >= 100)
         ++ll;
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, msg.xslice_t((ll - 1) * 3));
+    clif_displaymessage(s, msg.xslice_t((ll - 1) * 3));
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_help(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_help(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (!message)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "There is too much help to display it all at once");
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Try @help <@command> or @help <category> or @help <level[-level]>");
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Right now the only category is 'all'");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "There is too much help to display it all at once");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Try @help <@command> or @help <category> or @help <level[-level]>");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Right now the only category is 'all'");
         return ATCE::OKAY;
     }
 
@@ -395,19 +395,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_help(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         const AtCommandInfo *info = atcommand_info.search(cmd);
         if (!info)
             return ATCE::EXIST;
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, STRPRINTF("Usage: @%s %s", cmd, info->args));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, info->help);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, STRPRINTF("Usage: @%s %s", cmd, info->args));
+        clif_displaymessage(s, info->help);
         return ATCE::OKAY;
     }
 
     if (message == "all")
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Synopses of GM commands in category 'all':");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Synopses of GM commands in category 'all':");
         for (const auto& pair : atcommand_info)
         {
             const char *cmd = &*pair.first.begin();
             const AtCommandInfo& info = pair.second;
-            atc_do_help(fd, cmd, info);
+            atc_do_help(s, cmd, info);
         }
         return ATCE::OKAY;
     }
@@ -420,19 +420,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_help(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     if (low < 0 || high > 100 || low >= high)
         return ATCE::RANGE;
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, STRPRINTF("Synopses of GM commands in level [%d, %d):", low, high));
+    clif_displaymessage(s, STRPRINTF("Synopses of GM commands in level [%d, %d):", low, high));
     for (const auto& pair : atcommand_info)
     {
         const char *cmd = &*pair.first.begin();
         const AtCommandInfo& info = pair.second;
         if (low <= info.level && info.level < high)
-            atc_do_help(fd, cmd, info);
+            atc_do_help(s, cmd, info);
     }
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_setup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_setup(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int level = 1;
@@ -444,31 +444,31 @@ ATCE atcommand_setup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     FString buf;
     buf = STRPRINTF("-255 %s", character);
-    atcommand_character_baselevel(fd, sd, buf);
+    atcommand_character_baselevel(s, sd, buf);
 
     buf = STRPRINTF("%d %s", level, character);
-    atcommand_character_baselevel(fd, sd, buf);
+    atcommand_character_baselevel(s, sd, buf);
 
     // Emote skill
     buf = STRPRINTF("1 1 %s", character);
-    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, buf);
+    atcommand_skill_learn(s, sd, buf);
 
     // Trade skill
     buf = STRPRINTF("2 1 %s", character);
-    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, buf);
+    atcommand_skill_learn(s, sd, buf);
 
     // Party skill
     STRPRINTF("2 2 %s", character);
-    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, buf);
+    atcommand_skill_learn(s, sd, buf);
 
     STRPRINTF("018-1.gat 24 98 %s", character);
-    atcommand_charwarp(fd, sd, buf);
+    atcommand_charwarp(s, sd, buf);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 //static
-ATCE atcommand_charwarp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charwarp(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MapName map_name;
@@ -495,43 +495,43 @@ ATCE atcommand_charwarp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 if (m != nullptr && m->flag.nowarpto
                     && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(s,
                             "You are not authorised to warp someone to this map.");
                     return ATCE::PERM;
                 }
                 if (pl_sd->bl_m && pl_sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
                     && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(s,
                             "You are not authorised to warp this player from its actual map.");
                     return ATCE::PERM;
                 }
                 if (pc_setpos(pl_sd, map_name, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED) == 0)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "Warped.");
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Player warped (message sends to player too).");
+                    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "Warped.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Player warped (message sends to player too).");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Map not found.");
                     return ATCE::EXIST;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Coordinates out of range.");
                 return ATCE::RANGE;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charwarp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_warp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_warp(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MapName map_name;
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_warp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (!message
         || !extract(message, record<' ', 1>(&map_name, &x, &y)))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Please, enter a map (usage: @warp <mapname> <x> <y>).");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
@@ -564,28 +564,28 @@ ATCE atcommand_warp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         if (m != nullptr && m->flag.nowarpto
             && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "You are not authorised to warp you to this map.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
         if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
             && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
         if (pc_setpos(sd, map_name, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED) == 0)
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Warped.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Warped.");
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Map not found.");
             return ATCE::EXIST;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Coordinates out of range.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_warp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_where(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_where(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -609,11 +609,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_where(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         FString output = STRPRINTF("%s: %s (%d,%d)",
                 pl_sd->status.name,
                 pl_sd->mapname_, pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -621,14 +621,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_where(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_goto(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_goto(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
 
     if (!asplit(message, &character))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Please, enter a player name (usage: @jumpto/@warpto/@goto <char name>).");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
@@ -639,24 +639,24 @@ ATCE atcommand_goto(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         if (pl_sd->bl_m && pl_sd->bl_m->flag.nowarpto
             && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "You are not authorised to warp you to the map of this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
         if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
             && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
         pc_setpos(sd, pl_sd->mapname_, pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
         FString output = STRPRINTF("Jump to %s", character);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_goto(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_jump(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_jump(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int x = 0, y = 0;
@@ -680,24 +680,24 @@ ATCE atcommand_jump(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarpto
             && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "You are not authorised to warp you to your actual map.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
         if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
             && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
         pc_setpos(sd, sd->mapname_, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
         FString output = STRPRINTF("Jump to %d %d", x, y);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Coordinates out of range.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_jump(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_who(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_who(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int count;
@@ -717,9 +717,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_who(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
@@ -744,7 +745,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_who(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                                 "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname_,
                                 pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
@@ -752,20 +753,20 @@ ATCE atcommand_who(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "No player found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "1 player found.");
     else
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF("%d players found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_whogroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_whogroup(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int count;
@@ -779,9 +780,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_whogroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
@@ -802,7 +804,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_whogroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                         output = STRPRINTF(
                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Party: '%s'",
                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level, temp0);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
@@ -810,20 +812,20 @@ ATCE atcommand_whogroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "No player found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "1 player found.");
     else
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF("%d players found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_whomap(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_whomap(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int count;
@@ -842,9 +844,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_whomap(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
@@ -867,7 +870,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_whomap(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                                 "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname_,
                                 pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
@@ -876,13 +879,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_whomap(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     FString output = STRPRINTF("%d players found in map '%s'.",
             count, map_id->name_);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_whomapgroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_whomapgroup(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int count;
@@ -902,9 +905,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_whomapgroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
@@ -925,7 +929,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_whomapgroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                     else
                         output = STRPRINTF("Name: %s | Party: '%s'",
                                 pl_sd->status.name, temp0);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
@@ -941,13 +945,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_whomapgroup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         output = STRPRINTF("%d players found in map '%s'.", count, map_id->name_);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_whogm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_whogm(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int count;
@@ -961,9 +965,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_whogm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
@@ -984,19 +989,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_whogm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
                                 pl_sd->mapname_, pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y);
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                         output = STRPRINTF(
                                 "       BLvl: %d | Job: %s (Lvl: %d)",
                                 pl_sd->status.base_level,
                                 "Novice/Human",
                                 pl_sd->status.job_level);
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                         p = party_search(pl_sd->status.party_id);
                         PartyName temp0 = p ? p->name : stringish<PartyName>("None");
                         output = STRPRINTF(
                                 "       Party: '%s'",
                                 temp0);
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                         count++;
                     }
                 }
@@ -1005,59 +1010,59 @@ ATCE atcommand_whogm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No GM found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "No GM found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 GM found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "1 GM found.");
     else
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF("%d GMs found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_save(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_save(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     pc_setsavepoint(sd, sd->mapname_, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
     pc_makesavestatus(sd);
     chrif_save(sd);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character data respawn point saved.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character data respawn point saved.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_load(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_load(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     map_local *m = map_mapname2mapid(sd->status.save_point.map_);
     if (m != nullptr && m->flag.nowarpto
         && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                              "You are not authorised to warp you to your save map.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
     if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
         && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                              "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
 
     pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.save_point.map_, sd->status.save_point.x,
                sd->status.save_point.y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Warping to respawn point.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Warping to respawn point.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_speed(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_speed(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (!message)
@@ -1066,7 +1071,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_speed(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 "Please, enter a speed value (usage: @speed <%d-%d>).",
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(MIN_WALK_SPEED.count()),
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_WALK_SPEED.count()));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
 
@@ -1077,7 +1082,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_speed(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         //sd->walktimer = x;
         //この文を追加 by れ
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SPEED);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Speed changed.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Speed changed.");
     }
     else
     {
@@ -1085,7 +1090,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_speed(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 "Please, enter a valid speed value (usage: @speed <%d-%d>).",
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(MIN_WALK_SPEED.count()),
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_WALK_SPEED.count()));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -1093,21 +1098,21 @@ ATCE atcommand_speed(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_storage(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_storage(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
 
     if (sd->state.storage_open)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "msg_table[250]");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "msg_table[250]");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
     if ((stor = account2storage2(sd->status.account_id)) != NULL
         && stor->storage_status == 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "msg_table[250]");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "msg_table[250]");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1117,7 +1122,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_storage(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_option(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_option(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     Opt1 param1 = Opt1::ZERO;
@@ -1133,24 +1138,24 @@ ATCE atcommand_option(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     clif_changeoption(sd);
     pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Options changed.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Options changed.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_hide(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_hide(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     if (bool(sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
     {
         sd->status.option &= ~Option::HIDE;
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invisible: Off.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invisible: Off.");
     }
     else
     {
         sd->status.option |= Option::HIDE;
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invisible: On.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invisible: On.");
     }
     clif_changeoption(sd);
 
@@ -1158,17 +1163,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_hide(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_die(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_die(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     pc_damage(NULL, sd, sd->status.hp + 1);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "A pity! You've died.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "A pity! You've died.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_kill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_kill(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -1183,17 +1188,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_kill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         {
             // you can kill only lower or same level
             pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character killed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Character killed.");
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1201,7 +1206,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_kill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_alive(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_alive(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
@@ -1212,13 +1217,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_alive(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
     clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
     clif_resurrection(sd, 1);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "You've been revived! It's a miracle!");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "You've been revived! It's a miracle!");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_kami(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_kami(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (!message)
@@ -1230,7 +1235,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_kami(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_heal(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_heal(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int hp = 0, sp = 0;
@@ -1266,13 +1271,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_heal(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         pc_heal(sd, hp, sp);
         if (hp >= 0 && sp >= 0)
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "HP, SP recovered.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "HP, SP recovered.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "HP or/and SP modified.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "HP or/and SP modified.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "HP and SP are already with the good value.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "HP and SP are already with the good value.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -1280,7 +1285,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_heal(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_item(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_item(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     ItemName item_name;
@@ -1290,7 +1295,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_item(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     if (!extract(message, record<' ', 1>(&item_name, &number)))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Please, enter an item name/id (usage: @item <item name or ID> [quantity]).");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
@@ -1323,11 +1328,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_item(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 != PickupFail::OKAY)
                 clif_additem(sd, 0, 0, flag);
         }
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Item created.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Item created.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid item ID or name.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invalid item ID or name.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1335,7 +1340,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_item(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_itemreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_itemreset(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int i;
@@ -1346,13 +1351,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_itemreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             && sd->status.inventory[i].equip == EPOS::ZERO)
             pc_delitem(sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 0);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All of your items have been removed.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "All of your items have been removed.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_itemcheck(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_itemcheck(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     pc_checkitem(sd);
@@ -1361,14 +1366,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_itemcheck(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_baselevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_baselevelup(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int level, i;
 
     if (!extract(message, &level) || !level)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Please, enter a level adjustement (usage: @blvl <number of levels>).");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
@@ -1377,7 +1382,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_baselevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         if (sd->status.base_level == battle_config.maximum_level)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level can't go any higher.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Base level can't go any higher.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
         if (level > battle_config.maximum_level || level > (battle_config.maximum_level - sd->status.base_level))
@@ -1392,13 +1397,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_baselevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
         pc_heal(sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
         clif_misceffect(sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level raised.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Base level raised.");
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd->status.base_level == 1)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level can't go any lower.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Base level can't go any lower.");
             return ATCE::USAGE;
         }
         if (level < -battle_config.maximum_level || level < (1 - sd->status.base_level))
@@ -1418,7 +1423,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_baselevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
         pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level lowered.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Base level lowered.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
@@ -1427,7 +1432,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_baselevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 // TODO: merge this with pc_setparam(SP::JOBLEVEL)
 // then fix the funny 50 and/or 10 limitation.
 static
-ATCE atcommand_joblevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_joblevelup(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int up_level = 50, level;
@@ -1441,7 +1446,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_joblevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         if (sd->status.job_level == up_level)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level can't go any higher.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Job level can't go any higher.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
         if (level > up_level || level > (up_level - sd->status.job_level))
@@ -1454,13 +1459,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_joblevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
         pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
         clif_misceffect(sd, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level raised.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Job level raised.");
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd->status.job_level == 1)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level can't go any lower.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Job level can't go any lower.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
         if (level < -up_level || level < (1 - sd->status.job_level))
@@ -1478,14 +1483,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_joblevelup(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         }
         // to add: remove status points from skills
         pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level lowered.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Job level lowered.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_gm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_gm(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (!message)
@@ -1494,7 +1499,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_gm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (pc_isGM(sd))
     {
         // a GM can not use this function. only a normal player (become gm is not for gm!)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You already have some GM powers.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "You already have some GM powers.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
     else
@@ -1504,13 +1509,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_gm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_pvpoff(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_pvpoff(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     if (battle_config.pk_mode)
     {
         //disable command if server is in PK mode [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1519,9 +1524,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_pvpoff(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         sd->bl_m->flag.pvp = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {
-            if (!session[i])
+            Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+            if (!s2)
                 continue;
-            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
             if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
             {
                 if (sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m)
@@ -1530,11 +1536,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_pvpoff(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 }
             }
         }
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP: Off.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "PvP: Off.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP is already Off.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "PvP is already Off.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1542,13 +1548,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_pvpoff(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_pvpon(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_pvpon(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     if (battle_config.pk_mode)
     {
         //disable command if server is in PK mode [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1557,9 +1563,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_pvpon(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         sd->bl_m->flag.pvp = 1;
         for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {
-            if (!session[i])
+            Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+            if (!s2)
                 continue;
-            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
             if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
             {
                 if (sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m && !pl_sd->pvp_timer)
@@ -1572,11 +1579,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_pvpon(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 }
             }
         }
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP: On.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "PvP: On.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP is already On.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "PvP is already On.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1584,7 +1591,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_pvpon(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_model(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_model(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int hair_style = 0, hair_color = 0, cloth_color = 0;
@@ -1600,7 +1607,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_model(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR, hair_style);
             pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
             pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
@@ -1610,7 +1617,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_model(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_dye(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_dye(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int cloth_color = 0;
@@ -1622,7 +1629,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_dye(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         {
             pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
@@ -1632,7 +1639,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_dye(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_hair_style(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_hair_style(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int hair_style = 0;
@@ -1644,7 +1651,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_hair_style(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         {
             pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR, hair_style);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
@@ -1654,7 +1661,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_hair_style(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_hair_color(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_hair_color(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int hair_color = 0;
@@ -1666,7 +1673,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_hair_color(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         {
             pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
@@ -1676,7 +1683,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_hair_color(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_spawn(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_spawn(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MobName monster;
@@ -1736,16 +1743,16 @@ ATCE atcommand_spawn(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     if (count != 0)
         if (number == count)
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "All monster summoned!");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "All monster summoned!");
         else
         {
             FString output = STRPRINTF("%d monster(s) summoned!",
                     count);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid monster ID or name.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invalid monster ID or name.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -1753,7 +1760,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_spawn(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-void atcommand_killmonster_sub(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+void atcommand_killmonster_sub(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message, const int drop)
 {
     map_local *map_id;
@@ -1771,34 +1778,34 @@ void atcommand_killmonster_sub(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             map_id->xs, map_id->ys,
             BL::MOB);
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All monsters killed!");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "All monsters killed!");
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_killmonster(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_killmonster(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
-    atcommand_killmonster_sub(fd, sd, message, 1);
+    atcommand_killmonster_sub(s, sd, message, 1);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-void atlist_nearby_sub(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, int fd)
+void atlist_nearby_sub(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, Session *s)
 {
     nullpo_retv(bl);
 
     FString buf = STRPRINTF(" - \"%s\"",
             bl->is_player()->status.name);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_list_nearby(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_list_nearby(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Nearby players:");
-    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(atlist_nearby_sub, ph::_1, fd),
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Nearby players:");
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(atlist_nearby_sub, ph::_1, s),
             sd->bl_m,
             sd->bl_x - 1, sd->bl_y - 1,
             sd->bl_x + 1, sd->bl_x + 1,
@@ -1808,16 +1815,16 @@ ATCE atcommand_list_nearby(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_killmonster2(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_killmonster2(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
-    atcommand_killmonster_sub(fd, sd, message, 0);
+    atcommand_killmonster_sub(s, sd, message, 0);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_gat(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_gat(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int y;
@@ -1832,14 +1839,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_gat(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 map_getcell(sd->bl_m, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y + y),
                 map_getcell(sd->bl_m, sd->bl_x + 1, sd->bl_y + y),
                 map_getcell(sd->bl_m, sd->bl_x + 2, sd->bl_y + y));
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_packet(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_packet(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     StatusChange type {};
@@ -1854,7 +1861,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_packet(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_statuspoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_statuspoint(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int point, new_status_point;
@@ -1874,7 +1881,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_statuspoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         sd->status.status_point = new_status_point;
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Number of status points changed!");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Number of status points changed!");
     }
     else
         return ATCE::RANGE;
@@ -1883,7 +1890,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_statuspoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_skillpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_skillpoint(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int point, new_skill_point;
@@ -1903,7 +1910,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         sd->status.skill_point = new_skill_point;
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Number of skill points changed!");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Number of skill points changed!");
     }
     else
         return ATCE::RANGE;
@@ -1912,7 +1919,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_zeny(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_zeny(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int zeny, new_zeny;
@@ -1932,7 +1939,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_zeny(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         sd->status.zeny = new_zeny;
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Number of zenys changed!");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Number of zenys changed!");
     }
     else
         return ATCE::RANGE;
@@ -1941,7 +1948,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_zeny(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 template<ATTR attr>
-ATCE atcommand_param(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_param(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int value = 0, new_value;
@@ -1964,7 +1971,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_param(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_sp(attr));
         clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_usp(attr));
         pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Stat changed.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Stat changed.");
     }
     else
         return ATCE::RANGE;
@@ -1973,7 +1980,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_param(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_all_stats(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_all_stats(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int count, value = 0, new_value;
@@ -2005,7 +2012,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_all_stats(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     if (count > 0)
         // if at least 1 stat modified
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "All stats changed!");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "All stats changed!");
     else
         return ATCE::RANGE;
 
@@ -2013,7 +2020,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_all_stats(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_recall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_recall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2030,30 +2037,30 @@ ATCE atcommand_recall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarpto
                 && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(s,
                         "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
                 return ATCE::PERM;
             }
             if (pl_sd->bl_m && pl_sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
                 && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(s,
                         "You are not authorised to warp this player from its actual map.");
                 return ATCE::PERM;
             }
             pc_setpos(pl_sd, sd->mapname_, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
             FString output = STRPRINTF("%s recalled!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2061,7 +2068,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_recall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_revive(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_revive(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2079,11 +2086,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_revive(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::HP);
         clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SP);
         clif_resurrection(pl_sd, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character revived.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character revived.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2091,7 +2098,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_revive(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_stats(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_character_stats(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2104,37 +2111,37 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_stats(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     {
         FString output;
         output = STRPRINTF("'%s' stats:", pl_sd->status.name);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Base Level - %d", pl_sd->status.base_level),
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Job - Novice/Human (level %d)", pl_sd->status.job_level);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Hp - %d", pl_sd->status.hp);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("MaxHp - %d", pl_sd->status.max_hp);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Sp - %d", pl_sd->status.sp);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("MaxSp - %d", pl_sd->status.max_sp);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Str - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR]);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Agi - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI]);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Vit - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT]);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Int - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT]);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Dex - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX]);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Luk - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK]);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         output = STRPRINTF("Zeny - %d", pl_sd->status.zeny);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2142,7 +2149,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_stats(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_stats_all(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_character_stats_all(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString)
 {
     int count;
@@ -2150,9 +2157,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_stats_all(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     count = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             FString gmlevel;
@@ -2168,7 +2176,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_stats_all(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                     pl_sd->status.job_level,
                     pl_sd->status.hp, pl_sd->status.max_hp,
                     pl_sd->status.sp, pl_sd->status.max_sp);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
             output = STRPRINTF("STR: %d | AGI: %d | VIT: %d | INT: %d | DEX: %d | LUK: %d | Zeny: %d %s",
                      pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR],
                      pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI],
@@ -2178,27 +2186,27 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_stats_all(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                      pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK],
                      pl_sd->status.zeny,
                      gmlevel);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "--------");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "--------");
             count++;
         }
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "No player found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "1 player found.");
     else
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF("%d players found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_option(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_option(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     Opt1 opt1;
@@ -2220,17 +2228,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_option(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
             clif_changeoption(pl_sd);
             pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's options changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's options changed.");
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2238,7 +2246,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_option(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_char_change_sex(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_char_change_sex(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2249,14 +2257,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_change_sex(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 5, HumanTimeDiff());
         // type: 5 - changesex
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_char_block(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_char_block(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2267,14 +2275,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_block(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 1, HumanTimeDiff());
         // type: 1 - block
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_char_ban(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_char_ban(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     HumanTimeDiff modif;
@@ -2287,14 +2295,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_ban(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 2, modif);
         // type: 2 - ban
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_char_unblock(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_char_unblock(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2306,14 +2314,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_unblock(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         // send answer to login server via char-server
         chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 3, HumanTimeDiff());
         // type: 3 - unblock
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_char_unban(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_char_unban(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2325,14 +2333,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_unban(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         // send answer to login server via char-server
         chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 4, HumanTimeDiff());
         // type: 4 - unban
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_save(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_save(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MapName map_name;
@@ -2352,7 +2360,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_save(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             map_local *m = map_mapname2mapid(map_name);
             if (m == nullptr)
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Map not found.");
                 return ATCE::EXIST;
             }
             else
@@ -2360,23 +2368,23 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_save(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 if (m != nullptr && m->flag.nowarpto
                     && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(s,
                             "You are not authorised to set this map as a save map.");
                     return ATCE::PERM;
                 }
                 pc_setsavepoint(pl_sd, map_name, x, y);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's respawn point changed.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's respawn point changed.");
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2384,47 +2392,49 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_save(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_doom(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_doom(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd
-            && pl_sd->state.auth && i != fd
+            && pl_sd->state.auth && s2 != s
             && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {
             // you can doom only lower or same gm level
             pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
+            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
         }
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Judgement was made.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Judgement was made.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_doommap(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_doommap(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd
-            && pl_sd->state.auth && i != fd && sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m
+            && pl_sd->state.auth && s2 != s && sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m
             && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {
             // you can doom only lower or same gm level
             pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
+            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
         }
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Judgement was made.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Judgement was made.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
@@ -2440,46 +2450,48 @@ void atcommand_raise_sub(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
         clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
         clif_resurrection(sd, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Mercy has been shown.");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "Mercy has been shown.");
     }
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_raise(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_raise(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         atcommand_raise_sub(pl_sd);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Mercy has been granted.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Mercy has been granted.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_raisemap(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_raisemap(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd
             && pl_sd->state.auth && sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m)
             atcommand_raise_sub(pl_sd);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Mercy has been granted.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Mercy has been granted.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 //static
-ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2499,7 +2511,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.base_level == battle_config.maximum_level)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level can't go any higher.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's base level can't go any higher.");
                     return ATCE::RANGE;
                 }
                 if (level > battle_config.maximum_level || level > (battle_config.maximum_level - pl_sd->status.base_level))
@@ -2517,13 +2529,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
                 pc_heal(pl_sd, pl_sd->status.max_hp, pl_sd->status.max_sp);
                 clif_misceffect(pl_sd, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level raised.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's base level raised.");
             }
             else
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.base_level == 1)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level can't go any lower.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's base level can't go any lower.");
                     return ATCE::RANGE;
                 }
                 if (level < -battle_config.maximum_level || level < (1 - pl_sd->status.base_level))
@@ -2545,20 +2557,20 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
                 clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::BASEEXP);
                 pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level lowered.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's base level lowered.");
             }
             // Reset their stat points to prevent extra points from stacking
-            atcommand_charstreset(fd, sd, character.to__actual());
+            atcommand_charstreset(s, sd, character.to__actual());
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2566,7 +2578,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_joblevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_joblevel(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2588,7 +2600,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_joblevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level == max_level)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's job level can't go any higher.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's job level can't go any higher.");
                     return ATCE::RANGE;
                 }
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level + level > max_level)
@@ -2600,13 +2612,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_joblevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
                 pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
                 clif_misceffect(pl_sd, 1);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "character's job level raised.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "character's job level raised.");
             }
             else
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level == 1)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's job level can't go any lower.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's job level can't go any lower.");
                     return ATCE::RANGE;
                 }
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level + level < 1)
@@ -2623,18 +2635,18 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_joblevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 }
                 // to add: remove status points from skills
                 pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's job level lowered.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's job level lowered.");
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2642,7 +2654,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_joblevel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_kick(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_kick(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2658,13 +2670,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_kick(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             clif_GM_kick(sd, pl_sd, 1);
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2672,14 +2684,15 @@ ATCE atcommand_kick(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_kickall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_kickall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd
             && pl_sd->state.auth && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {
@@ -2689,13 +2702,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_kickall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All players have been kicked!");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "All players have been kicked!");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_questskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_questskill(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     SkillID skill_id;
@@ -2710,23 +2723,23 @@ ATCE atcommand_questskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             if (pc_checkskill(sd, skill_id) == 0)
             {
                 pc_skill(sd, skill_id, 1, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You have learned the skill.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "You have learned the skill.");
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You already have this quest skill.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "You already have this quest skill.");
                 return ATCE::EXIST;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -2734,7 +2747,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_questskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charquestskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charquestskill(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2753,29 +2766,29 @@ ATCE atcommand_charquestskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                 if (pc_checkskill(pl_sd, skill_id) == 0)
                 {
                     pc_skill(pl_sd, skill_id, 1, 0);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player has learned the skill.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "This player has learned the skill.");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player already has this quest skill.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "This player already has this quest skill.");
                     return ATCE::EXIST;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
                 return ATCE::EXIST;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -2783,7 +2796,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charquestskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_lostskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_lostskill(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     SkillID skill_id;
@@ -2800,23 +2813,23 @@ ATCE atcommand_lostskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                 sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv = 0;
                 sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = SkillFlags::ZERO;
                 clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You have forgotten the skill.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "You have forgotten the skill.");
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You don't have this quest skill.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "You don't have this quest skill.");
                 return ATCE::EXIST;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -2824,7 +2837,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_lostskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charlostskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charlostskill(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2845,29 +2858,29 @@ ATCE atcommand_charlostskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                     pl_sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv = 0;
                     pl_sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = SkillFlags::ZERO;
                     clif_skillinfoblock(pl_sd);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player has forgotten the skill.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "This player has forgotten the skill.");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player doesn't have this quest skill.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "This player doesn't have this quest skill.");
                     return ATCE::EXIST;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
                 return ATCE::EXIST;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return ATCE::RANGE;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -2875,7 +2888,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charlostskill(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_party(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_party(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     PartyName party;
@@ -2889,14 +2902,15 @@ ATCE atcommand_party(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_mapexit(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_mapexit(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             if (sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id)
@@ -2911,7 +2925,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_mapexit(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_idsearch(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_idsearch(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     ItemName item_name;
@@ -2922,7 +2936,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_idsearch(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         return ATCE::USAGE;
 
     FString output = STRPRINTF("The reference result of '%s' (name: id):", item_name);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     match = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < 20000; i++)
     {
@@ -2931,17 +2945,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_idsearch(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         {
             match++;
             output = STRPRINTF("%s: %d", item->jname, item->nameid);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
     }
     output = STRPRINTF("It is %d affair above.", match);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charskreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charskreset(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2958,17 +2972,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_charskreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             pc_resetskill(pl_sd);
             FString output = STRPRINTF(
                     "'%s' skill points reseted!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -2976,7 +2990,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charskreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 //static
-ATCE atcommand_charstreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charstreset(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -2994,17 +3008,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_charstreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             FString output = STRPRINTF(
                     "'%s' stats points reseted!",
                     character);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3012,7 +3026,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charstreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charreset(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -3034,17 +3048,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_charreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             // [Fate] Reset magic experience
             FString output = STRPRINTF(
                     "'%s' skill and stats points reseted!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3052,7 +3066,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charreset(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_char_wipe(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_char_wipe(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -3118,17 +3132,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_wipe(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             // [Fate] Reset magic experience
 
             FString output = STRPRINTF("%s:  wiped.", character);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3136,7 +3150,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_char_wipe(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charmodel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charmodel(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     unsigned hair_style = 0, hair_color = 0, cloth_color = 0;
@@ -3156,7 +3170,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charmodel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                 pc_changelook(pl_sd, LOOK::HAIR, hair_style);
                 pc_changelook(pl_sd, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
                 pc_changelook(pl_sd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Appearence changed.");
             }
         }
         else
@@ -3164,7 +3178,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charmodel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3172,7 +3186,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charmodel(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charskpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charskpoint(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -3197,14 +3211,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_charskpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         {
             pl_sd->status.skill_point = new_skill_point;
             clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's number of skill points changed!");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's number of skill points changed!");
         }
         else
             return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3212,7 +3226,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charskpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charstpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charstpoint(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -3237,14 +3251,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_charstpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         {
             pl_sd->status.status_point = new_status_point;
             clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's number of status points changed!");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's number of status points changed!");
         }
         else
             return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3252,7 +3266,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charstpoint(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charzeny(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charzeny(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -3275,14 +3289,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_charzeny(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         {
             pl_sd->status.zeny = new_zeny;
             clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::ZENY);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's number of zenys changed!");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Character's number of zenys changed!");
         }
         else
             return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3290,7 +3304,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_charzeny(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_recallall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_recallall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int count;
@@ -3298,7 +3312,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_recallall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarpto
         && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
@@ -3306,9 +3320,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_recallall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     count = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd
             && pl_sd->state.auth
             && sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id
@@ -3323,20 +3338,20 @@ ATCE atcommand_recallall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All characters recalled!");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "All characters recalled!");
     if (count)
     {
         FString output = STRPRINTF(
                 "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
                 count);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_partyrecall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_partyrecall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     PartyName party_name;
@@ -3349,7 +3364,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_partyrecall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarpto
         && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
@@ -3361,9 +3376,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_partyrecall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         count = 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {
-            if (!session[i])
+            Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+            if (!s2)
                 continue;
-            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
             if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth
                 && sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id
                 && pl_sd->status.party_id == p->party_id)
@@ -3376,18 +3392,18 @@ ATCE atcommand_partyrecall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             }
         }
         FString output = STRPRINTF("All online characters of the %s party are near you.", p->name);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         if (count)
         {
             output = STRPRINTF(
                     "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
                     count);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3395,7 +3411,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_partyrecall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_mapinfo(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_mapinfo(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     dumb_ptr<npc_data> nd = NULL;
@@ -3415,42 +3431,42 @@ ATCE atcommand_mapinfo(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (m_id != nullptr)
         return ATCE::EXIST;
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "------ Map Info ------");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "------ Map Info ------");
     FString output = STRPRINTF("Map Name: %s", map_name);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("Players In Map: %d", m_id->users);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("NPCs In Map: %d", m_id->npc_num);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "------ Map Flags ------");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "------ Map Flags ------");
     output = STRPRINTF("Player vs Player: %s | No Party: %s",
              (m_id->flag.pvp) ? "True" : "False",
              (m_id->flag.pvp_noparty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Dead Branch: %s",
              (m_id->flag.nobranch) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Memo: %s",
              (m_id->flag.nomemo) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Penalty: %s",
              (m_id->flag.nopenalty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Return: %s",
              (m_id->flag.noreturn) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Save: %s",
              (m_id->flag.nosave) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Teleport: %s",
              (m_id->flag.noteleport) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Monster Teleport: %s",
              (m_id->flag.monster_noteleport) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
     output = STRPRINTF("No Zeny Penalty: %s",
              (m_id->flag.nozenypenalty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
     switch (list)
     {
@@ -3458,24 +3474,25 @@ ATCE atcommand_mapinfo(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
             // Do nothing. It's list 0, no additional display.
             break;
         case 1:
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "----- Players in Map -----");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "----- Players in Map -----");
             for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
-                if (!session[i])
+                Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+                if (!s2)
                     continue;
-                dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+                dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
                 if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth
                     && pl_sd->mapname_ == map_name)
                 {
                     output = STRPRINTF(
                             "Player '%s' (session #%d) | Location: %d,%d",
                             pl_sd->status.name, i, pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                 }
             }
             break;
         case 2:
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "----- NPCs in Map -----");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "----- NPCs in Map -----");
             for (int i = 0; i < m_id->npc_num;)
             {
                 nd = m_id->npc[i];
@@ -3518,12 +3535,12 @@ ATCE atcommand_mapinfo(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                          "NPC %d: %s | Direction: %s | Sprite: %d | Location: %d %d",
                          ++i, nd->name, direction, nd->npc_class, nd->bl_x,
                          nd->bl_y);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                clif_displaymessage(s, output);
             }
             break;
         default:
             // normally impossible to arrive here
-            clif_displaymessage(fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(s,
                     "Please, enter at least a valid list number (usage: @mapinfo <0-2> [map]).");
             return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
@@ -3532,7 +3549,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_mapinfo(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_partyspy(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_partyspy(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     PartyName party_name;
@@ -3549,18 +3566,18 @@ ATCE atcommand_partyspy(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         {
             sd->partyspy = 0;
             FString output = STRPRINTF("No longer spying on the %s party.", p->name);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
         else
         {
             sd->partyspy = p->party_id;
             FString output = STRPRINTF("Spying on the %s party.", p->name);
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3568,7 +3585,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_partyspy(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_enablenpc(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_enablenpc(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     NpcName NPCname;
@@ -3579,11 +3596,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_enablenpc(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     if (npc_name2id(NPCname) != NULL)
     {
         npc_enable(NPCname, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Npc Enabled.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Npc Enabled.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3591,7 +3608,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_enablenpc(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_disablenpc(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_disablenpc(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     NpcName NPCname;
@@ -3602,11 +3619,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_disablenpc(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     if (npc_name2id(NPCname) != NULL)
     {
         npc_enable(NPCname, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Npc Disabled.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Npc Disabled.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3614,19 +3631,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_disablenpc(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_servertime(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_servertime(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString)
 {
     timestamp_seconds_buffer tsbuf;
     stamp_time(tsbuf);
     FString temp = STRPRINTF("Server time: %s", tsbuf);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, temp);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, temp);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_chardelitem(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_chardelitem(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -3664,35 +3681,35 @@ ATCE atcommand_chardelitem(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                     FString output = STRPRINTF(
                             "%d item(s) removed by a GM.",
                             count);
-                    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, output);
 
                     if (number == count)
                         output = STRPRINTF("%d item(s) removed from the player.", count);
                     else
                         output = STRPRINTF("%d item(s) removed. Player had only %d on %d items.", count, count, number);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character does not have the item.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character does not have the item.");
                     return ATCE::EXIST;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
                 return ATCE::PERM;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
             return ATCE::EXIST;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid item ID or name.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invalid item ID or name.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
 
@@ -3700,7 +3717,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_chardelitem(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_broadcast(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_broadcast(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (!message)
@@ -3713,7 +3730,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_broadcast(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_localbroadcast(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_localbroadcast(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (!message)
@@ -3727,7 +3744,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_localbroadcast(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_email(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_email(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     AccountEmail actual_email;
@@ -3738,35 +3755,35 @@ ATCE atcommand_email(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     if (!e_mail_check(actual_email))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid actual email. If you have default e-mail, type a@a.com.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invalid actual email. If you have default e-mail, type a@a.com.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else if (!e_mail_check(new_email))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid new email. Please enter a real e-mail.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Invalid new email. Please enter a real e-mail.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else if (new_email == DEFAULT_EMAIL)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "New email must be a real e-mail.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "New email must be a real e-mail.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else if (actual_email == new_email)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "New email must be different of the actual e-mail.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "New email must be different of the actual e-mail.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
     else
     {
         chrif_changeemail(sd->status.account_id, actual_email, new_email);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Information sended to login-server via char-server.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Information sended to login-server via char-server.");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_effect(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_effect(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     int type = 0, flag = 0;
@@ -3776,19 +3793,20 @@ ATCE atcommand_effect(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (flag <= 0)
     {
         clif_specialeffect(sd, type, flag);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Your Effect Has Changed.");
     }
     else
     {
         for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {
-            if (!session[i])
+            Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+            if (!s2)
                 continue;
-            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+            dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
             if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
             {
                 clif_specialeffect(pl_sd, type, flag);
-                clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");
+                clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "Your Effect Has Changed.");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3797,7 +3815,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_effect(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_item_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_item_list(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     struct item_data *item_data = NULL, *item_temp;
@@ -3829,7 +3847,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_item_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                         FString output = STRPRINTF(
                                 "------ Items list of '%s' ------",
                                 pl_sd->status.name);
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                     }
                     EPOS equip = pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip;
                     MString equipstr;
@@ -3886,7 +3904,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_item_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                                  item_data->name, item_data->jname,
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].nameid,
                                  FString(equipstr));
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
                     MString voutput;
                     counter2 = 0;
@@ -3920,29 +3938,29 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_item_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                         // replace trailing ", "
                         voutput.pop_back();
                         voutput.back() = ')';
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, FString(voutput));
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, FString(voutput));
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (count == 0)
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "No item found on this player.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "No item found on this player.");
             else
             {
                 FString output = STRPRINTF(
                         "%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
                         counter, count);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                clif_displaymessage(s, output);
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -3950,7 +3968,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_item_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_storage_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_storage_list(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
@@ -3984,7 +4002,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_storage_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> s
                             FString output = STRPRINTF(
                                     "------ Storage items list of '%s' ------",
                                     pl_sd->status.name);
-                            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                            clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                         }
                         FString output;
                         if (stor->storage_[i].refine)
@@ -4000,7 +4018,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_storage_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> s
                                      stor->storage_[i].amount,
                                      item_data->name, item_data->jname,
                                      stor->storage_[i].nameid);
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
                         MString voutput;
                         counter2 = 0;
@@ -4034,36 +4052,36 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_storage_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> s
                             // replace last ", "
                             voutput.pop_back();
                             voutput.back() = ')';
-                            clif_displaymessage(fd, FString(voutput));
+                            clif_displaymessage(s, FString(voutput));
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 if (count == 0)
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(s,
                             "No item found in the storage of this player.");
                 else
                 {
                     FString output = STRPRINTF(
                             "%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
                             counter, count);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player has no storage.");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "This player has no storage.");
                 return ATCE::OKAY;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -4071,7 +4089,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_storage_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> s
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_character_cart_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_character_cart_list(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     struct item_data *item_data = NULL, *item_temp;
@@ -4102,7 +4120,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_cart_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                         FString output = STRPRINTF(
                                 "------ Cart items list of '%s' ------",
                                 pl_sd->status.name);
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, output);
                     }
 
                     FString output;
@@ -4120,7 +4138,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_cart_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].amount,
                                 item_data->name, item_data->jname,
                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
-                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
                     MString voutput;
                     counter2 = 0;
@@ -4152,29 +4170,29 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_cart_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                     {
                         voutput.pop_back();
                         voutput.back() = '0';
-                        clif_displaymessage(fd, FString(voutput));
+                        clif_displaymessage(s, FString(voutput));
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (count == 0)
-                clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(s,
                         "No item found in the cart of this player.");
             else
             {
                 FString output = STRPRINTF("%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
                          counter, count);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                clif_displaymessage(s, output);
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return ATCE::PERM;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -4182,21 +4200,21 @@ ATCE atcommand_character_cart_list(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_killer(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_killer(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     sd->special_state.killer = !sd->special_state.killer;
 
     if (sd->special_state.killer)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You be a killa...");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "You be a killa...");
     else
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You gonna be own3d...");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "You gonna be own3d...");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charkiller(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charkiller(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4212,34 +4230,34 @@ ATCE atcommand_charkiller(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     if (pl_sd->special_state.killer)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "The player is now a killer");
-        clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "You are now a killer");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "The player is now a killer");
+        clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "You are now a killer");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "The player is no longer a killer");
-        clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "You are no longer a killer");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "The player is no longer a killer");
+        clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "You are no longer a killer");
     }
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_killable(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_killable(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     sd->special_state.killable = !sd->special_state.killable;
 
     if (sd->special_state.killable)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You gonna be own3d...");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "You gonna be own3d...");
     else
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You be a killa...");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "You be a killa...");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charkillable(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_charkillable(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4254,15 +4272,15 @@ ATCE atcommand_charkillable(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     pl_sd->special_state.killable = !pl_sd->special_state.killable;
 
     if (pl_sd->special_state.killable)
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "The player is now killable");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "The player is now killable");
     else
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "The player is no longer killable");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "The player is no longer killable");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_npcmove(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_npcmove(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     NpcName character;
@@ -4285,7 +4303,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_npcmove(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_addwarp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_addwarp(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MapName mapname;
@@ -4305,13 +4323,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_addwarp(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         return ATCE::RANGE;
 
     FString output = STRPRINTF("New warp NPC => %s", w3);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_chareffect(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_chareffect(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName target;
@@ -4325,13 +4343,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_chareffect(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         return ATCE::EXIST;
 
     clif_specialeffect(pl_sd, type, 0);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Your Effect Has Changed.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_dropall(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_dropall(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int i;
@@ -4348,7 +4366,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_dropall(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_chardropall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_chardropall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4368,15 +4386,15 @@ ATCE atcommand_chardropall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "Ever play 52 card pickup?");
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is done");
-    //clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is offical.. your a jerk");
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "Ever play 52 card pickup?");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "It is done");
+    //clif_displaymessage(s, "It is offical.. your a jerk");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_storeall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_storeall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int i;
@@ -4388,11 +4406,11 @@ ATCE atcommand_storeall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         {
             case 2:
                 //Try again
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, "run this command again..");
+                clif_displaymessage(s, "run this command again..");
                 return ATCE::OKAY;
             case 1:
                 //Failure
-                clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(s,
                         "You can't open the storage currently.");
                 return ATCE::EXIST;
         }
@@ -4408,12 +4426,12 @@ ATCE atcommand_storeall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     }
     storage_storageclose(sd);
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is done");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "It is done");
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_charstoreall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_charstoreall(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4428,9 +4446,9 @@ ATCE atcommand_charstoreall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         // TODO figure out what the hell this is talking about,
         // and especially why it's different from the other one.
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Had to open the characters storage window...");
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "run this command again..");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "run this command again..");
         return ATCE::OKAY;
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
@@ -4444,19 +4462,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_charstoreall(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     }
     storage_storageclose(pl_sd);
 
-    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd,
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess,
             "Everything you own has been put away for safe keeping.");
-    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd,
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess,
             "go to the nearest kafka to retrieve it..");
-    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "   -- the management");
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "   -- the management");
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is done");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "It is done");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_rain(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_rain(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int effno = 0;
@@ -4470,7 +4488,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_rain(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_snow(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_snow(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int effno = 0;
@@ -4484,7 +4502,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_snow(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_sakura(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_sakura(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int effno = 0;
@@ -4498,7 +4516,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_sakura(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_fog(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_fog(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int effno = 0;
@@ -4513,7 +4531,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_fog(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_leaves(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_leaves(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     int effno = 0;
@@ -4527,7 +4545,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_leaves(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_summon(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_summon(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MobName name;
@@ -4565,7 +4583,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_summon(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_adjcmdlvl(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_adjcmdlvl(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     int newlev;
@@ -4573,7 +4591,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_adjcmdlvl(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     if (!extract(message, record<' '>(&newlev, &cmd)))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "usage: @adjcmdlvl <lvl> <command>.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "usage: @adjcmdlvl <lvl> <command>.");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
 
@@ -4582,17 +4600,17 @@ ATCE atcommand_adjcmdlvl(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         if (it)
         {
             it->level = newlev;
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "@command level changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "@command level changed.");
             return ATCE::OKAY;
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "@command not found.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "@command not found.");
     return ATCE::EXIST;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_adjgmlvl(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_adjgmlvl(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     int newlev;
@@ -4601,7 +4619,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_adjgmlvl(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     if (!asplit(message, &newlev, &user)
         || newlev < 0 || newlev > 99)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "usage: @adjgmlvl <lvl> <user>.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "usage: @adjgmlvl <lvl> <user>.");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
 
@@ -4615,7 +4633,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_adjgmlvl(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_trade(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_trade(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4660,7 +4678,7 @@ ZString magic_skill_names[magic_skills_nr] =
 };
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_magic_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_magic_info(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4674,7 +4692,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_magic_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         FString buf = STRPRINTF(
                 "`%s' has the following magic skills:",
                 character);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < magic_skills_nr; i++)
         {
@@ -4684,13 +4702,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_magic_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                     pl_sd->status.skill[sk].lv,
                     magic_skill_names[i]);
             if (pl_sd->status.skill[sk].lv)
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+                clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
         }
 
         return ATCE::OKAY;
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
     return ATCE::EXIST;
 }
 
@@ -4701,7 +4719,7 @@ void set_skill(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SkillID i, int level)
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_set_magic(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_set_magic(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4710,7 +4728,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_set_magic(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     if (!asplit(message, &magic_type, &value, &character))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Usage: @setmagic <school> <value> <char-name>, where <school> is either `magic', one of the school names, or `all'.");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
@@ -4732,7 +4750,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_set_magic(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     if (skill_index == SkillID::NEGATIVE)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "Incorrect school of magic.  Use `magic', `nature', `life', `war', `transmute', `ether', or `all'.");
         return ATCE::RANGE;
     }
@@ -4750,12 +4768,12 @@ ATCE atcommand_set_magic(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         return ATCE::OKAY;
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
     return ATCE::EXIST;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_log(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_log(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString)
 {
     return ATCE::OKAY;
@@ -4763,7 +4781,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_log(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_tee(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_tee(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     MString data;
@@ -4775,7 +4793,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_tee(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_invisible(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_invisible(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     pc_invisibility(sd, 1);
@@ -4783,7 +4801,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_invisible(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_visible(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_visible(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     pc_invisibility(sd, 0);
@@ -4791,7 +4809,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_visible(const int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_jump_iterate(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_jump_iterate(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         dumb_ptr<map_session_data> (*get_start)(void),
         dumb_ptr<map_session_data> (*get_next)(dumb_ptr<map_session_data>))
 {
@@ -4815,20 +4833,20 @@ ATCE atcommand_jump_iterate(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     if (pl_sd->bl_m && pl_sd->bl_m->flag.nowarpto
         && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "You are not authorised to warp you to the map of this player.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
     if (sd->bl_m && sd->bl_m->flag.nowarp
         && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(s,
                 "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
         return ATCE::PERM;
     }
     pc_setpos(sd, pl_sd->bl_m->name_, pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
     FString output = STRPRINTF("Jump to %s", pl_sd->status.name);
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(s, output);
 
     sd->followtarget = pl_sd->bl_id;
 
@@ -4836,19 +4854,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_jump_iterate(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_iterate_forward_over_players(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString)
+ATCE atcommand_iterate_forward_over_players(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString)
 {
-    return atcommand_jump_iterate(fd, sd, map_get_first_session, map_get_next_session);
+    return atcommand_jump_iterate(s, sd, map_get_first_session, map_get_next_session);
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_iterate_backwards_over_players(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString)
+ATCE atcommand_iterate_backwards_over_players(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString)
 {
-    return atcommand_jump_iterate(fd, sd, map_get_last_session, map_get_prev_session);
+    return atcommand_jump_iterate(s, sd, map_get_last_session, map_get_prev_session);
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_wgm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_wgm(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message)
 {
     if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, message))
@@ -4856,14 +4874,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_wgm(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     tmw_GmHackMsg(STRPRINTF("[GM] %s: %s", sd->status.name, message));
     if (!pc_isGM(sd))
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Message sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Message sent.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_skillpool_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_skillpool_info(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4881,19 +4899,19 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpool_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         FString buf = STRPRINTF(
                 "Active skills %d out of %d for %s:",
                 pool_skills_nr, skill_pool_max(pl_sd), character);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
         for (i = 0; i < pool_skills_nr; ++i)
         {
             buf = STRPRINTF(" - %s [%d]: power %d",
                     skill_name(pool_skills[i]),
                     pool_skills[i],
                     skill_power(pl_sd, pool_skills[i]));
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+            clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
         }
 
         buf = STRPRINTF("Learned skills out of %d for %s:",
                 skill_pool_skills_size, character);
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+        clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
 
         for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_skills_size; ++i)
         {
@@ -4904,14 +4922,14 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpool_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
             {
                 buf = STRPRINTF(" - %s [%d]: lvl %d",
                         name, skill_pool_skills[i], lvl);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+                clif_displaymessage(s, buf);
             }
         }
 
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -4919,7 +4937,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpool_info(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_skillpool_focus(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_skillpool_focus(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4927,7 +4945,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpool_focus(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     if (!asplit(message, &skill, &character))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @sp-focus <skill-nr> <char_name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Usage: @sp-focus <skill-nr> <char_name>");
         return ATCE::USAGE;
     }
 
@@ -4935,18 +4953,18 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpool_focus(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     if (pl_sd != NULL)
     {
         if (skill_pool_activate(pl_sd, skill))
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Activation failed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Activation failed.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Activation successful.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Activation successful.");
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_skillpool_unfocus(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_skillpool_unfocus(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4959,18 +4977,18 @@ ATCE atcommand_skillpool_unfocus(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     if (pl_sd != NULL)
     {
         if (skill_pool_deactivate(pl_sd, skill))
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Deactivation failed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Deactivation failed.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Deactivation successful.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Deactivation successful.");
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 //static
-ATCE atcommand_skill_learn(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_skill_learn(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -4987,13 +5005,13 @@ ATCE atcommand_skill_learn(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         clif_skillinfoblock(pl_sd);
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_ipcheck(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
+ATCE atcommand_ipcheck(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
         ZString message)
 {
     CharName character;
@@ -5004,7 +5022,7 @@ ATCE atcommand_ipcheck(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character);
     if (pl_sd == NULL)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Character not found.");
         return ATCE::EXIST;
     }
 
@@ -5015,9 +5033,10 @@ ATCE atcommand_ipcheck(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
 
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             // Is checking GM levels really needed here?
@@ -5027,35 +5046,36 @@ ATCE atcommand_ipcheck(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>,
                         "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
                         pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname_,
                         pl_sd->bl_x, pl_sd->bl_y);
-                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                clif_displaymessage(s, output);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "End of list");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "End of list");
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
 
 static
-ATCE atcommand_doomspot(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+ATCE atcommand_doomspot(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd
-            && pl_sd->state.auth && i != fd && sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m
+            && pl_sd->state.auth && s2 != s && sd->bl_m == pl_sd->bl_m
             && sd->bl_x == pl_sd->bl_x && sd->bl_y == pl_sd->bl_y
             && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {
             // you can doom only lower or same gm level
             pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
+            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
         }
     }
-    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Judgement was made.");
+    clif_displaymessage(s, "Judgement was made.");
 
     return ATCE::OKAY;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/atcommand.hpp b/src/map/atcommand.hpp
index b494a25..a18b035 100644
--- a/src/map/atcommand.hpp
+++ b/src/map/atcommand.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 # include "map.hpp"
 
-bool is_atcommand(const int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
+bool is_atcommand(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         ZString message, int gmlvl);
 
 bool atcommand_config_read(ZString cfgName);
diff --git a/src/map/chrif.cpp b/src/map/chrif.cpp
index 5b9f96f..959186c 100644
--- a/src/map/chrif.cpp
+++ b/src/map/chrif.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const int packet_len_table[0x20] =
     -1, -1, 10, 6, 11, -1, 0, 0,    // 2b10-2b17
 };
 
-int char_fd;
+Session *char_session;
 static
 IP4Address char_ip;
 static
@@ -105,17 +105,17 @@ int chrif_save(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    if (char_fd < 0)
+    if (!char_session)
         return -1;
 
     pc_makesavestatus(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b01;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = sizeof(sd->status) + 12;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = sd->bl_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 8) = sd->char_id;
-    WFIFO_STRUCT(char_fd, 12, sd->status);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b01;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = sizeof(sd->status) + 12;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 4) = sd->bl_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 8) = sd->char_id;
+    WFIFO_STRUCT(char_session, 12, sd->status);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, WFIFOW(char_session, 2));
 
     //For data sync
     if (sd->state.storage_open)
@@ -129,15 +129,15 @@ int chrif_save(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_connect(int fd)
+int chrif_connect(Session *s)
 {
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2af8;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 2, userid, 24);
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 26, passwd, 24);
-    WFIFOL(fd, 50) = 0;
-    WFIFOIP(fd, 54) = clif_getip();
-    WFIFOW(fd, 58) = clif_getport();  // [Valaris] thanks to fov
-    WFIFOSET(fd, 60);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x2af8;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 2, userid, 24);
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 26, passwd, 24);
+    WFIFOL(s, 50) = 0;
+    WFIFOIP(s, 54) = clif_getip();
+    WFIFOW(s, 58) = clif_getport();  // [Valaris] thanks to fov
+    WFIFOSET(s, 60);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -147,21 +147,21 @@ int chrif_connect(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_sendmap(int fd)
+int chrif_sendmap(Session *s)
 {
     int i = 0;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2afa;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x2afa;
     for (auto& pair : maps_db)
     {
         map_abstract *ma = pair.second.get();
         if (!ma->gat)
             continue;
-        WFIFO_STRING(fd, 4 + i * 16, ma->name_, 16);
+        WFIFO_STRING(s, 4 + i * 16, ma->name_, 16);
         i++;
     }
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + i * 16;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = 4 + i * 16;
+    WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -171,18 +171,18 @@ int chrif_sendmap(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_recvmap(int fd)
+int chrif_recvmap(Session *s)
 {
     int i, j;
 
     if (chrif_state < 2)        // まだ準備中
         return -1;
 
-    IP4Address ip = RFIFOIP(fd, 4);
-    uint16_t port = RFIFOW(fd, 8);
-    for (i = 10, j = 0; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i += 16, j++)
+    IP4Address ip = RFIFOIP(s, 4);
+    uint16_t port = RFIFOW(s, 8);
+    for (i = 10, j = 0; i < RFIFOW(s, 2); i += 16, j++)
     {
-        MapName map = RFIFO_STRING<16>(fd, i);
+        MapName map = RFIFO_STRING<16>(s, i);
         map_setipport(map, ip, port);
     }
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
@@ -203,26 +203,31 @@ int chrif_changemapserver(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 
     IP4Address s_ip;
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        if (session[i] && dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get())) == sd)
+    {
+        Session *s = session[i].get();
+        if (!s)
+            continue;
+        if (dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get())) == sd)
         {
-            assert (i == sd->fd);
+            assert (s == sd->sess);
             s_ip = session[i]->client_ip;
             break;
         }
+    }
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b05;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 14) = sd->status.char_id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 18, name, 16);
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 34) = x;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 36) = y;
-    WFIFOIP(char_fd, 38) = ip;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 42) = port;
-    WFIFOB(char_fd, 44) = static_cast<uint8_t>(sd->status.sex);
-    WFIFOIP(char_fd, 45) = s_ip;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 49);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b05;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = sd->bl_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = sd->login_id1;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 10) = sd->login_id2;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 14) = sd->status.char_id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 18, name, 16);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 34) = x;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 36) = y;
+    WFIFOIP(char_session, 38) = ip;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 42) = port;
+    WFIFOB(char_session, 44) = static_cast<uint8_t>(sd->status.sex);
+    WFIFOIP(char_session, 45) = s_ip;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 49);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -232,25 +237,25 @@ int chrif_changemapserver(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_changemapserverack(int fd)
+int chrif_changemapserverack(Session *s)
 {
-    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(s, 2));
 
-    if (sd == NULL || sd->status.char_id != RFIFOL(fd, 14))
+    if (sd == NULL || sd->status.char_id != RFIFOL(s, 14))
         return -1;
 
-    if (RFIFOL(fd, 6) == 1)
+    if (RFIFOL(s, 6) == 1)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
             PRINTF("map server change failed.\n");
-        pc_authfail(sd->fd);
+        pc_authfail(sd->status.account_id);
         return 0;
     }
-    MapName mapname = RFIFO_STRING<16>(fd, 18);
-    uint16_t x = RFIFOW(fd, 34);
-    uint16_t y = RFIFOW(fd, 36);
-    IP4Address ip = RFIFOIP(fd, 38);
-    uint16_t port = RFIFOW(fd, 42);
+    MapName mapname = RFIFO_STRING<16>(s, 18);
+    uint16_t x = RFIFOW(s, 34);
+    uint16_t y = RFIFOW(s, 36);
+    IP4Address ip = RFIFOIP(s, 38);
+    uint16_t port = RFIFOW(s, 42);
     clif_changemapserver(sd, mapname, x, y, ip, port);
 
     return 0;
@@ -261,17 +266,17 @@ int chrif_changemapserverack(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_connectack(int fd)
+int chrif_connectack(Session *s)
 {
-    if (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
+    if (RFIFOB(s, 2))
     {
-        PRINTF("Connected to char-server failed %d.\n", RFIFOB(fd, 2));
+        PRINTF("Connected to char-server failed %d.\n", RFIFOB(s, 2));
         exit(1);
     }
-    PRINTF("Connected to char-server (connection #%d).\n", fd);
+    PRINTF("Connected to char-server (connection #%d).\n", s);
     chrif_state = 1;
 
-    chrif_sendmap(fd);
+    chrif_sendmap(s);
 
     PRINTF("chrif: OnCharIfInit event done. (%d events)\n",
             npc_event_doall(stringish<ScriptLabel>("OnCharIfInit")));
@@ -289,16 +294,16 @@ int chrif_connectack(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_sendmapack(int fd)
+int chrif_sendmapack(Session *s)
 {
-    if (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
+    if (RFIFOB(s, 2))
     {
         PRINTF("chrif : send map list to char server failed %d\n",
-                RFIFOB(fd, 2));
+                RFIFOB(s, 2));
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    wisp_server_name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 3));
+    wisp_server_name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 3));
 
     chrif_state = 2;
 
@@ -313,22 +318,27 @@ int chrif_authreq(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    if (!sd || !char_fd || !sd->bl_id || !sd->login_id1)
+    if (!sd || !char_session || !sd->bl_id || !sd->login_id1)
         return -1;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        if (session[i] && dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get())) == sd)
+    {
+        Session *s = session[i].get();
+        if (!s)
+            continue;
+        if (dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get())) == sd)
         {
-            assert (i == sd->fd);
-            WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2afc;
-            WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl_id;
-            WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->char_id;
-            WFIFOL(char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id1;
-            WFIFOL(char_fd, 14) = sd->login_id2;
-            WFIFOIP(char_fd, 18) = session[i]->client_ip;
-            WFIFOSET(char_fd, 22);
+            assert (s == sd->sess);
+            WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2afc;
+            WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = sd->bl_id;
+            WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = sd->char_id;
+            WFIFOL(char_session, 10) = sd->login_id1;
+            WFIFOL(char_session, 14) = sd->login_id2;
+            WFIFOIP(char_session, 18) = session[i]->client_ip;
+            WFIFOSET(char_session, 22);
             break;
         }
+    }
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -341,24 +351,29 @@ int chrif_charselectreq(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    if (!sd || !char_fd || !sd->bl_id || !sd->login_id1)
+    if (!sd || !char_session || !sd->bl_id || !sd->login_id1)
         return -1;
 
     IP4Address s_ip;
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        if (session[i] && dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get())) == sd)
+    {
+        Session *s = session[i].get();
+        if (!s)
+            continue;
+        if (dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get())) == sd)
         {
-            assert (i == sd->fd);
-            s_ip = session[i]->client_ip;
+            assert (s == sd->sess);
+            s_ip = s->client_ip;
             break;
         }
+    }
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b02;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;
-    WFIFOIP(char_fd, 14) = s_ip;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 18);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b02;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = sd->bl_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = sd->login_id1;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 10) = sd->login_id2;
+    WFIFOIP(char_session, 14) = s_ip;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 18);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -373,11 +388,11 @@ void chrif_changegm(int id, ZString pass)
         PRINTF("chrif_changegm: account: %d, password: '%s'.\n", id, pass);
 
     size_t len = pass.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0a;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = len + 8;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 8, pass, len);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, len + 8);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b0a;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = len + 8;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 4) = id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 8, pass, len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, len + 8);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -391,11 +406,11 @@ void chrif_changeemail(int id, AccountEmail actual_email,
         PRINTF("chrif_changeemail: account: %d, actual_email: '%s', new_email: '%s'.\n",
              id, actual_email, new_email);
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0c;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 6, actual_email, 40);
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 46, new_email, 40);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 86);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b0c;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 6, actual_email, 40);
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 46, new_email, 40);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 86);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -412,14 +427,14 @@ void chrif_changeemail(int id, AccountEmail actual_email,
 void chrif_char_ask_name(int id, CharName character_name, short operation_type,
         HumanTimeDiff modif)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0e;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = id;   // account_id of who ask (for answer) -1 if nobody
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 6, character_name.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 30) = operation_type;  // type of operation
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b0e;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = id;   // account_id of who ask (for answer) -1 if nobody
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 6, character_name.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 30) = operation_type;  // type of operation
     if (operation_type == 2)
-        WFIFO_STRUCT(char_fd, 32, modif);
+        WFIFO_STRUCT(char_session, 32, modif);
     PRINTF("chrif : sended 0x2b0e\n");
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 44);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 44);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -439,24 +454,24 @@ void chrif_char_ask_name(int id, CharName character_name, short operation_type,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
+int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(Session *s)
 {
-    int acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);       // account_id of who has asked (-1 if nobody)
-    CharName player_name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 6));
+    int acc = RFIFOL(s, 2);       // account_id of who has asked (-1 if nobody)
+    CharName player_name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 6));
 
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = map_id2sd(acc);
     if (acc >= 0 && sd != NULL)
     {
         FString output;
-        if (RFIFOW(fd, 32) == 1)   // player not found
+        if (RFIFOW(s, 32) == 1)   // player not found
             output = STRPRINTF("The player '%s' doesn't exist.",
                     player_name);
         else
         {
-            switch (RFIFOW(fd, 30))
+            switch (RFIFOW(s, 30))
             {
                 case 1:        // block
-                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(s, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
                             output = STRPRINTF(
@@ -477,7 +492,7 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
                     }
                     break;
                 case 2:        // ban
-                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(s, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
                             output = STRPRINTF(
@@ -498,7 +513,7 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
                     }
                     break;
                 case 3:        // unblock
-                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(s, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
                             output = STRPRINTF(
@@ -519,7 +534,7 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
                     }
                     break;
                 case 4:        // unban
-                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(s, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
                             output = STRPRINTF(
@@ -540,7 +555,7 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
                     }
                     break;
                 case 5:        // changesex
-                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(s, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
                             output = STRPRINTF(
@@ -563,7 +578,7 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
             }
         }
         if (output)
-            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, output);
     }
     else
         PRINTF("chrif_char_ask_name_answer failed - player not online.\n");
@@ -576,13 +591,13 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void chrif_changedgm(int fd)
+void chrif_changedgm(Session *s)
 {
     int acc, level;
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = NULL;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    level = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+    acc = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    level = RFIFOL(s, 6);
 
     sd = map_id2sd(acc);
 
@@ -592,9 +607,9 @@ void chrif_changedgm(int fd)
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
         if (level > 0)
-            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "GM modification success.");
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "GM modification success.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Failure of GM modification.");
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "Failure of GM modification.");
     }
 }
 
@@ -603,13 +618,13 @@ void chrif_changedgm(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void chrif_changedsex(int fd)
+void chrif_changedsex(Session *s)
 {
     int acc, i;
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    SEX sex = static_cast<SEX>(RFIFOB(fd, 6));
+    acc = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    SEX sex = static_cast<SEX>(RFIFOB(s, 6));
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("chrif_changedsex %d.\n", acc);
     sd = map_id2sd(acc);
@@ -632,9 +647,9 @@ void chrif_changedsex(int fd)
             chrif_save(sd);
             sd->login_id1++;    // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
             // do same modify in login-server for the account, but no in char-server (it ask again login_id1 to login, and don't remember it)
-            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                  "Your sex has been changed (need disconexion by the server)...");
-            clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
+            clif_setwaitclose(sd->sess); // forced to disconnect for the change
         }
     }
     else
@@ -661,15 +676,15 @@ int chrif_saveaccountreg2(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         struct global_reg *reg = &sd->status.account_reg2[j];
         if (reg->str && reg->value != 0)
         {
-            WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, p, reg->str, 32);
-            WFIFOL(char_fd, p + 32) = reg->value;
+            WFIFO_STRING(char_session, p, reg->str, 32);
+            WFIFOL(char_session, p + 32) = reg->value;
             p += 36;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b10;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = p;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = sd->bl_id;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, p);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b10;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = p;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 4) = sd->bl_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, p);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -679,19 +694,18 @@ int chrif_saveaccountreg2(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_accountreg2(int fd)
+int chrif_accountreg2(Session *s)
 {
     int j, p;
-    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
-
-    if ((sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 4))) == NULL)
+    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(s, 4));
+    if (sd == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
+    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW(s, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
          p += 36, j++)
     {
-        sd->status.account_reg2[j].str = stringish<VarName>(RFIFO_STRING<32>(fd, p));
-        sd->status.account_reg2[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
+        sd->status.account_reg2[j].str = stringish<VarName>(RFIFO_STRING<32>(s, p));
+        sd->status.account_reg2[j].value = RFIFOL(s, p + 32);
     }
     sd->status.account_reg2_num = j;
 
@@ -739,12 +753,12 @@ int chrif_divorce(int char_id, int partner_id)
  */
 int chrif_send_divorce(int char_id)
 {
-    if (char_fd < 0)
+    if (!char_session)
         return -1;
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b16;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = char_id;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2b16;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = char_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 6);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -753,12 +767,12 @@ int chrif_send_divorce(int char_id)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_accountdeletion(int fd)
+int chrif_accountdeletion(Session *s)
 {
     int acc;
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    acc = RFIFOL(s, 2);
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("chrif_accountdeletion %d.\n", acc);
     sd = map_id2sd(acc);
@@ -767,9 +781,9 @@ int chrif_accountdeletion(int fd)
         if (sd != NULL)
         {
             sd->login_id1++;    // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
-            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                  "Your account has been deleted (disconnection)...");
-            clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
+            clif_setwaitclose(sd->sess); // forced to disconnect for the change
         }
     }
     else
@@ -786,12 +800,12 @@ int chrif_accountdeletion(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_accountban(int fd)
+int chrif_accountban(Session *s)
 {
     int acc;
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    acc = RFIFOL(s, 2);
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("chrif_accountban %d.\n", acc);
     sd = map_id2sd(acc);
@@ -800,65 +814,65 @@ int chrif_accountban(int fd)
         if (sd != NULL)
         {
             sd->login_id1++;    // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
-            if (RFIFOB(fd, 6) == 0)
+            if (RFIFOB(s, 6) == 0)
             {                   // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                switch (RFIFOL(fd, 7))
+                switch (RFIFOL(s, 7))
                 {               // status or final date of a banishment
                     case 1:    // 0 = Unregistered ID
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has 'Unregistered'.");
                         break;
                     case 2:    // 1 = Incorrect Password
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has an 'Incorrect Password'...");
                         break;
                     case 3:    // 2 = This ID is expired
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has expired.");
                         break;
                     case 4:    // 3 = Rejected from Server
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has been rejected from server.");
                         break;
                     case 5:    // 4 = You have been blocked by the GM Team
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has been blocked by the GM Team.");
                         break;
                     case 6:    // 5 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version.");
                         break;
                     case 7:    // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has been prohibited to log in.");
                         break;
                     case 8:    // 7 = Server is jammed due to over populated
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Server is jammed due to over populated.");
                         break;
                     case 9:    // 8 = No MSG (actually, all states after 9 except 99 are No MSG, use only this)
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has not more authorised.");
                         break;
                     case 100:  // 99 = This ID has been totally erased
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has been totally erased.");
                         break;
                     default:
-                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess,
                                              "Your account has not more authorised.");
                         break;
                 }
             }
-            else if (RFIFOB(fd, 6) == 1)
+            else if (RFIFOB(s, 6) == 1)
             {
                 // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 7));    // status or final date of a banishment
+                TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(s, 7));    // status or final date of a banishment
                 char tmpstr[] = WITH_TIMESTAMP("Your account has been banished until ");
                 REPLACE_TIMESTAMP(tmpstr, timestamp);
-                clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, const_(tmpstr));
+                clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, const_(tmpstr));
             }
-            clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
+            clif_setwaitclose(sd->sess); // forced to disconnect for the change
         }
     }
     else
@@ -875,10 +889,10 @@ int chrif_accountban(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_recvgmaccounts(int fd)
+int chrif_recvgmaccounts(Session *s)
 {
     PRINTF("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
-            pc_read_gm_account(fd));
+            pc_read_gm_account(s));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -890,8 +904,8 @@ int chrif_recvgmaccounts(int fd)
 int chrif_reloadGMdb(void)
 {
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2af7;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 2);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2af7;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 2);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -983,10 +997,10 @@ void ladmin_itemfrob_c(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, int source_id, int dest_id)
 }
 
 static
-void ladmin_itemfrob(int fd)
+void ladmin_itemfrob(Session *s)
 {
-    int source_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    int dest_id = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+    int source_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    int dest_id = RFIFOL(s, 6);
     dumb_ptr<block_list> bl = map_get_first_session();
 
     // flooritems
@@ -1006,27 +1020,27 @@ void ladmin_itemfrob(int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void chrif_parse(int fd)
+void chrif_parse(Session *s)
 {
     int packet_len, cmd;
 
     // only char-server can have an access to here.
     // so, if it isn't the char-server, we disconnect the session (fd != char_fd).
-    if (fd != char_fd || session[fd]->eof)
+    if (s != char_session || s->eof)
     {
-        if (fd == char_fd)
+        if (s == char_session)
         {
             PRINTF("Map-server can't connect to char-server (connection #%d).\n",
-                 fd);
-            char_fd = -1;
+                 s);
+            char_session = nullptr;
         }
-        delete_session(fd);
+        delete_session(s);
         return;
     }
 
-    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(s) >= 2)
     {
-        cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
+        cmd = RFIFOW(s, 0);
         if (cmd < 0x2af8
             || cmd >=
             0x2af8 +
@@ -1034,98 +1048,98 @@ void chrif_parse(int fd)
             || packet_len_table[cmd - 0x2af8] == 0)
         {
 
-            int r = intif_parse(fd);  // intifに渡す
+            int r = intif_parse(s);  // intifに渡す
 
             if (r == 1)
                 continue;       // intifで処理した
             if (r == 2)
                 return;       // intifで処理したが、データが足りない
 
-            session[fd]->eof = 1;
+            s->eof = 1;
             return;
         }
         packet_len = packet_len_table[cmd - 0x2af8];
         if (packet_len == -1)
         {
-            if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
+            if (RFIFOREST(s) < 4)
                 return;
-            packet_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
+            packet_len = RFIFOW(s, 2);
         }
-        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < packet_len)
+        if (RFIFOREST(s) < packet_len)
             return;
 
         switch (cmd)
         {
             case 0x2af9:
-                chrif_connectack(fd);
+                chrif_connectack(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2afa:
-                ladmin_itemfrob(fd);
+                ladmin_itemfrob(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2afb:
-                chrif_sendmapack(fd);
+                chrif_sendmapack(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2afd:
             {
-                int id = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
-                int login_id2 = RFIFOL(fd, 8);
-                TimeT connect_until_time = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 12));
-                short tmw_version = RFIFOW(fd, 16);
+                int id = RFIFOL(s, 4);
+                int login_id2 = RFIFOL(s, 8);
+                TimeT connect_until_time = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(s, 12));
+                short tmw_version = RFIFOW(s, 16);
                 struct mmo_charstatus st {};
-                RFIFO_STRUCT(fd, 18, st);
+                RFIFO_STRUCT(s, 18, st);
                 pc_authok(id, login_id2,
                         connect_until_time, tmw_version,
                         &st);
             }
                 break;
             case 0x2afe:
-                pc_authfail(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                pc_authfail(RFIFOL(s, 2));
                 break;
             case 0x2b00:
-                map_setusers(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                map_setusers(RFIFOL(s, 2));
                 break;
             case 0x2b03:
-                clif_charselectok(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                clif_charselectok(RFIFOL(s, 2));
                 break;
             case 0x2b04:
-                chrif_recvmap(fd);
+                chrif_recvmap(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b06:
-                chrif_changemapserverack(fd);
+                chrif_changemapserverack(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b0b:
-                chrif_changedgm(fd);
+                chrif_changedgm(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b0d:
-                chrif_changedsex(fd);
+                chrif_changedsex(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b0f:
-                chrif_char_ask_name_answer(fd);
+                chrif_char_ask_name_answer(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b11:
-                chrif_accountreg2(fd);
+                chrif_accountreg2(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b12:
-                chrif_divorce(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6));
+                chrif_divorce(RFIFOL(s, 2), RFIFOL(s, 6));
                 break;
             case 0x2b13:
-                chrif_accountdeletion(fd);
+                chrif_accountdeletion(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b14:
-                chrif_accountban(fd);
+                chrif_accountban(s);
                 break;
             case 0x2b15:
-                chrif_recvgmaccounts(fd);
+                chrif_recvgmaccounts(s);
                 break;
 
             default:
                 if (battle_config.error_log)
-                    PRINTF("chrif_parse : unknown packet %d %d\n", fd,
-                            RFIFOW(fd, 0));
-                session[fd]->eof = 1;
+                    PRINTF("chrif_parse : unknown packet %d %d\n", s,
+                            RFIFOW(s, 0));
+                s->eof = 1;
                 return;
         }
-        RFIFOSKIP(fd, packet_len);
+        RFIFOSKIP(s, packet_len);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1139,10 +1153,10 @@ void send_users_tochar(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
     int users = 0;
 
-    if (char_fd <= 0 || session[char_fd] == NULL)
+    if (!char_session)
         return;
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2aff;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x2aff;
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (!session[i])
@@ -1153,13 +1167,13 @@ void send_users_tochar(TimerData *, tick_t)
                || sd->state.shroud_active
                || bool(sd->status.option & Option::HIDE)) && pc_isGM(sd)))
         {
-            WFIFOL(char_fd, 6 + 4 * users) = sd->status.char_id;
+            WFIFOL(char_session, 6 + 4 * users) = sd->status.char_id;
             users++;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = 6 + 4 * users;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 4) = users;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6 + 4 * users);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = 6 + 4 * users;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 4) = users;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 6 + 4 * users);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1170,16 +1184,17 @@ void send_users_tochar(TimerData *, tick_t)
 static
 void check_connect_char_server(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    if (char_fd <= 0 || session[char_fd] == NULL)
+    if (!char_session)
     {
         PRINTF("Attempt to connect to char-server...\n");
         chrif_state = 0;
-        if ((char_fd = make_connection(char_ip, char_port)) < 0)
+        char_session = make_connection(char_ip, char_port);
+        if (!char_session)
             return;
-        session[char_fd]->func_parse = chrif_parse;
-        realloc_fifo(char_fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
+        char_session->func_parse = chrif_parse;
+        realloc_fifo(char_session, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
 
-        chrif_connect(char_fd);
+        chrif_connect(char_session);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/map/chrif.hpp b/src/map/chrif.hpp
index dfa2d35..734f1ac 100644
--- a/src/map/chrif.hpp
+++ b/src/map/chrif.hpp
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ int chrif_send_divorce(int char_id);
 void do_init_chrif(void);
 
 // only used by intif.cpp
-extern int char_fd;
+extern Session *char_session;
 
 #endif // CHRIF_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/clif.cpp b/src/map/clif.cpp
index b4ac24a..0429600 100644
--- a/src/map/clif.cpp
+++ b/src/map/clif.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ constexpr int EMOTE_IGNORED = 0x0e;
 // map.h must be the same length as this table. rate 0 is default
 // rate -1 is unlimited
 
-typedef void (*clif_func)(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
+typedef void (*clif_func)(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 struct func_table
 {
     interval_t rate;
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ void WBUFPOS2(uint8_t *p, size_t pos, uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uin
 }
 
 inline
-void WFIFOPOS(int fd, size_t pos, uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+void WFIFOPOS(Session *s, size_t pos, uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
 {
-    WBUFPOS(static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos)), 0, x, y);
+    WBUFPOS(static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(s, pos)), 0, x, y);
 }
 inline
-void WFIFOPOS2(int fd, size_t pos, uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1)
+void WFIFOPOS2(Session *s, size_t pos, uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1)
 {
-    WBUFPOS2(static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos)), 0, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+    WBUFPOS2(static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(s, pos)), 0, x0, y0, x1, y1);
 }
 
 static
@@ -249,14 +249,14 @@ void clif_send_sub(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, const unsigned char *buf, int len,
             break;
     }
 
-    if (session[sd->fd] != NULL)
+    if (sd->sess != NULL)
     {
         {
             if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
             {
                 // packet must exist
-                WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, len);
-                WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+                WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, len);
+                WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -304,16 +304,17 @@ int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, SendWho type
         case SendWho::ALL_CLIENT:       // 全クライアントに送信
             for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
-                if (!session[i])
+                Session *s = session[i].get();
+                if (!s)
                     continue;
-                dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+                dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get()));
                 if (sd && sd->state.auth)
                 {
                     if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                     {
                         // packet must exist
-                        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(i, buf, len);
-                        WFIFOSET(i, len);
+                        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(s, buf, len);
+                        WFIFOSET(s, len);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -321,16 +322,17 @@ int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, SendWho type
         case SendWho::ALL_SAMEMAP:      // 同じマップの全クライアントに送信
             for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
-                if (!session[i])
+                Session *s = session[i].get();
+                if (!s)
                     continue;
-                dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+                dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get()));
                 if (sd && sd->state.auth && sd->bl_m == bl->bl_m)
                 {
                     if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                     {
                         // packet must exist
-                        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(i, buf, len);
-                        WFIFOSET(i, len);
+                        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(s, buf, len);
+                        WFIFOSET(s, len);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -395,16 +397,17 @@ int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, SendWho type
                         if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                         {
                             // packet must exist
-                            WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, len);
-                            WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+                            WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, len);
+                            WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
                 {
-                    if (!session[i])
+                    Session *s = session[i].get();
+                    if (!s)
                         continue;
-                    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+                    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get()));
                     if (sd && sd->state.auth)
                     {
                         if (sd->partyspy == p->party_id)
@@ -412,8 +415,8 @@ int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, SendWho type
                             if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                             {
                                 // packet must exist
-                                WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, len);
-                                WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+                                WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, len);
+                                WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -426,8 +429,8 @@ int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, SendWho type
             if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
             {
                 // packet must exist
-                WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, len);
-                WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+                WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, len);
+                WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
             }
         }
             break;
@@ -450,24 +453,22 @@ int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, SendWho type
  */
 int clif_authok(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (!sd)
         return 0;
 
-    if (!sd->fd)
+    if (!sd->sess)
         return 0;
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x73;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
-    WFIFOPOS(fd, 6, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 5;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = 5;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x73].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x73;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
+    WFIFOPOS(s, 6, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
+    WFIFOB(s, 9) = 5;
+    WFIFOB(s, 10) = 5;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x73].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -476,16 +477,16 @@ int clif_authok(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_authfail_fd(int fd, int type)
+int clif_authfail_fd(Session *s, int type)
 {
-    if (!fd || !session[fd])
+    if (!s)
         return 0;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x81;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x81].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x81;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x81].len);
 
-    clif_setwaitclose(fd);
+    clif_setwaitclose(s);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -497,18 +498,17 @@ int clif_authfail_fd(int fd, int type)
 int clif_charselectok(int id)
 {
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
-    int fd;
 
     if ((sd = map_id2sd(id)) == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    if (!sd->fd)
+    if (!sd->sess)
         return 1;
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb3;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xb3].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb3;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = 1;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xb3].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ int clif_dropflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data> fitem)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_clearflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data> fitem, int fd)
+int clif_clearflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data> fitem, Session *s)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
@@ -567,14 +567,14 @@ int clif_clearflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data> fitem, int fd)
     WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xa1;
     WBUFL(buf, 2) = fitem->bl_id;
 
-    if (fd == 0)
+    if (!s)
     {
         clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0xa1].len, fitem, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(fd, buf, 6);
-        WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xa1].len);
+        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(s, buf, 6);
+        WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xa1].len);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -642,12 +642,12 @@ int clif_clearchar_delay(tick_t tick,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_clearchar_id(int id, BeingRemoveWhy type, int fd)
+void clif_clearchar_id(int id, BeingRemoveWhy type, Session *s)
 {
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x80;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = static_cast<uint8_t>(type);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x80].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x80;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOB(s, 6) = static_cast<uint8_t>(type);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x80].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -933,37 +933,36 @@ int clif_spawnnpc(dumb_ptr<npc_data> nd)
 
 int clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int fake_npc_id)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    if (!fd)
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+
+    if (!s)
         return 0;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7c;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = fake_npc_id;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 12) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = 127;
-    WFIFOPOS(fd, 36, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len);
-
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x78;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = fake_npc_id;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 12) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 14) = 127;      // identifies as NPC
-    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = 127;
-    WFIFOPOS(fd, 46, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
-    WFIFOPOS(fd, 36, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 49) = 5;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 50) = 5;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x7c;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = fake_npc_id;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 8) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 10) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 12) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 20) = 127;
+    WFIFOPOS(s, 36, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len);
+
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x78;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = fake_npc_id;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 8) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 10) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 12) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 14) = 127;      // identifies as NPC
+    WFIFOW(s, 20) = 127;
+    WFIFOPOS(s, 46, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
+    WFIFOPOS(s, 36, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y);
+    WFIFOB(s, 49) = 5;
+    WFIFOB(s, 50) = 5;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1006,14 +1005,12 @@ int clif_spawnmob(dumb_ptr<mob_data> md)
 static
 int clif_servertick(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7f;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = sd->server_tick.time_since_epoch().count();
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x7f].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x7f;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = sd->server_tick.time_since_epoch().count();
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x7f].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1024,16 +1021,14 @@ int clif_servertick(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  */
 int clif_walkok(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x87;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
-    WFIFOPOS2(fd, 6, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 11) = 0;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x87].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x87;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
+    WFIFOPOS2(s, 6, sd->bl_x, sd->bl_y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
+    WFIFOB(s, 11) = 0;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x87].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1065,7 +1060,7 @@ int clif_movechar(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_quitsave(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_quitsave(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     map_quit(sd);
 }
@@ -1075,23 +1070,23 @@ void clif_quitsave(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_waitclose(TimerData *, tick_t, int id)
+void clif_waitclose(TimerData *, tick_t, Session *s)
 {
     // TODO: what happens if the player disconnects
     // and someone else connects?
-    if (session[id])
-        session[id]->eof = 1;
+    if (s)
+        s->eof = 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_setwaitclose(int fd)
+void clif_setwaitclose(Session *s)
 {
     Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(5),
             std::bind(clif_waitclose, ph::_1, ph::_2,
-                fd)
+                s)
     ).detach();
 }
 
@@ -1103,13 +1098,13 @@ void clif_changemap(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, MapName mapname, int x, int y
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x91;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 2, mapname, 16);
-    WFIFOW(fd, 18) = x;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = y;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x91].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x91;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 2, mapname, 16);
+    WFIFOW(s, 18) = x;
+    WFIFOW(s, 20) = y;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x91].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1121,14 +1116,14 @@ void clif_changemapserver(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x92;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 2, mapname, 16);
-    WFIFOW(fd, 18) = x;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = y;
-    WFIFOIP(fd, 22) = ip;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 26) = port;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x92].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x92;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 2, mapname, 16);
+    WFIFOW(s, 18) = x;
+    WFIFOW(s, 20) = y;
+    WFIFOIP(s, 22) = ip;
+    WFIFOW(s, 26) = port;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x92].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1155,14 +1150,12 @@ void clif_fixpos(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl)
  */
 int clif_npcbuysell(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int id)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc4;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xc4].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xc4;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xc4].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1174,24 +1167,24 @@ int clif_npcbuysell(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int id)
 int clif_buylist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<npc_data_shop> nd)
 {
     struct item_data *id;
-    int fd, i, val;
+    int i, val;
 
     nullpo_ret(sd);
     nullpo_ret(nd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc6;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xc6;
     for (i = 0; i < nd->shop_items.size(); i++)
     {
         id = itemdb_search(nd->shop_items[i].nameid);
         val = nd->shop_items[i].value;
-        WFIFOL(fd, 4 + i * 11) = val; // base price
-        WFIFOL(fd, 8 + i * 11) = val; // actual price
-        WFIFOB(fd, 12 + i * 11) = uint8_t(id->type);
-        WFIFOW(fd, 13 + i * 11) = nd->shop_items[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOL(s, 4 + i * 11) = val; // base price
+        WFIFOL(s, 8 + i * 11) = val; // actual price
+        WFIFOB(s, 12 + i * 11) = uint8_t(id->type);
+        WFIFOW(s, 13 + i * 11) = nd->shop_items[i].nameid;
     }
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = i * 11 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = i * 11 + 4;
+    WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1202,12 +1195,12 @@ int clif_buylist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<npc_data_shop> nd)
  */
 int clif_selllist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd, i, c = 0, val;
+    int i, c = 0, val;
 
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc7;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xc7;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid > 0 && sd->inventory_data[i])
@@ -1215,14 +1208,14 @@ int clif_selllist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
             val = sd->inventory_data[i]->value_sell;
             if (val < 0)
                 continue;
-            WFIFOW(fd, 4 + c * 10) = i + 2;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 6 + c * 10) = val; // base price
-            WFIFOL(fd, 10 + c * 10) = val; // actual price
+            WFIFOW(s, 4 + c * 10) = i + 2;
+            WFIFOL(s, 6 + c * 10) = val; // base price
+            WFIFOL(s, 10 + c * 10) = val; // actual price
             c++;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = c * 10 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = c * 10 + 4;
+    WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1235,14 +1228,14 @@ void clif_scriptmes(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npcid, XString mes)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
 
     size_t len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb4;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len + 8;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = npcid;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 8, mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb4;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = len + 8;
+    WFIFOL(s, 4) = npcid;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 8, mes, len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1253,10 +1246,10 @@ void clif_scriptnext(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npcid)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb5;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xb5].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb5;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xb5].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1267,10 +1260,10 @@ void clif_scriptclose(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npcid)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb6;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xb6].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb6;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xb6].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1281,13 +1274,13 @@ void clif_scriptmenu(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npcid, XString mes)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
     size_t len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb7;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len + 8;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = npcid;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 8, mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb7;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = len + 8;
+    WFIFOL(s, 4) = npcid;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 8, mes, len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1298,10 +1291,10 @@ void clif_scriptinput(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npcid)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x142;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x142].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x142;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x142].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1312,10 +1305,10 @@ void clif_scriptinputstr(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npcid)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1d4;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d4].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x1d4;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d4].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1327,15 +1320,15 @@ void clif_viewpoint(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int npc_id, int type,
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x144;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npc_id;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 6) = type;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 10) = x;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 14) = y;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 18) = id;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 19) = color;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x144].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x144;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = npc_id;
+    WFIFOL(s, 6) = type;
+    WFIFOL(s, 10) = x;
+    WFIFOL(s, 14) = y;
+    WFIFOB(s, 18) = id;
+    WFIFOL(s, 19) = color;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x144].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1346,23 +1339,23 @@ int clif_additem(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n, int amount, PickupFail fa
 {
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
     if (fail != PickupFail::OKAY)
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = 0;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 0;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = 0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 11) = 0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = 0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = 0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = 0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = 0;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 21) = 0;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 22) = uint8_t(fail);
+        WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xa0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = n + 2;
+        WFIFOW(s, 4) = amount;
+        WFIFOW(s, 6) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(s, 8) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(s, 9) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(s, 10) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 11) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 13) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 15) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 17) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 19) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(s, 21) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(s, 22) = uint8_t(fail);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -1370,40 +1363,40 @@ int clif_additem(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n, int amount, PickupFail fa
             || sd->inventory_data[n] == NULL)
             return 1;
 
-        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = sd->status.inventory[n].identify;
+        WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xa0;
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = n + 2;
+        WFIFOW(s, 4) = amount;
+        WFIFOW(s, 6) = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(s, 8) = sd->status.inventory[n].identify;
         if (sd->status.inventory[n].broken == 1)
-            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 1; // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(s, 9) = 1; // is weapon broken [Valaris]
         else
-            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = sd->status.inventory[n].attribute;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = sd->status.inventory[n].refine;
+            WFIFOB(s, 9) = sd->status.inventory[n].attribute;
+        WFIFOB(s, 10) = sd->status.inventory[n].refine;
         if (sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] == static_cast<short>(0xff00))
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
         }
         else
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
         }
-        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = uint16_t(pc_equippoint(sd, n));
-        WFIFOB(fd, 21) = uint8_t(sd->inventory_data[n]->type == ItemType::_7
+        WFIFOW(s, 19) = uint16_t(pc_equippoint(sd, n));
+        WFIFOB(s, 21) = uint8_t(sd->inventory_data[n]->type == ItemType::_7
             ? ItemType::WEAPON
             : sd->inventory_data[n]->type);
-        WFIFOB(fd, 22) = uint8_t(fail);
+        WFIFOB(s, 22) = uint8_t(fail);
     }
 
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xa0].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xa0].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1415,12 +1408,12 @@ void clif_delitem(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n, int amount)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xaf;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xaf;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = n + 2;
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = amount;
 
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xaf].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xaf].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1433,37 +1426,37 @@ void clif_itemlist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 
     int n = 0;
     int arrow = -1;
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1ee;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x1ee;
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid <= 0
             || sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL
             || itemdb_isequip2(sd->inventory_data[i]))
             continue;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 4) = i + 2;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 8) = uint8_t(sd->inventory_data[i]->type);
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 10) = sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 4) = i + 2;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 18 + 8) = uint8_t(sd->inventory_data[i]->type);
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 18 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 10) = sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
         if (sd->inventory_data[i]->equip == EPOS::ARROW)
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 12) = uint16_t(EPOS::ARROW);
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 12) = uint16_t(EPOS::ARROW);
             if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
                 arrow = i;      // ついでに矢装備チェック
         }
         else
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 12) = uint16_t(EPOS::ZERO);
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 12) = uint16_t(EPOS::ZERO);
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
-        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
+        WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
     }
     if (arrow >= 0)
         clif_arrowequip(sd, arrow);
@@ -1477,8 +1470,8 @@ void clif_equiplist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa4;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xa4;
     int n = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
@@ -1486,42 +1479,42 @@ void clif_equiplist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
             || sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL
             || !itemdb_isequip2(sd->inventory_data[i]))
             continue;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 4) = i + 2;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 8) = uint8_t(
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 4) = i + 2;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 8) = uint8_t(
                 sd->inventory_data[i]->type == ItemType::_7
                 ? ItemType::WEAPON
                 : sd->inventory_data[i]->type);
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 10) = uint16_t(pc_equippoint(sd, i));
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 12) = uint16_t(sd->status.inventory[i].equip);
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 10) = uint16_t(pc_equippoint(sd, i));
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 12) = uint16_t(sd->status.inventory[i].equip);
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   // is weapon broken [Valaris]
         else
-            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].attribute;
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 15) = sd->status.inventory[i].refine;
+            WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].attribute;
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 15) = sd->status.inventory[i].refine;
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == static_cast<short>(0xff00))
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
         }
         else
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
         }
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
-        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
+        WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
     }
 }
 
@@ -1534,8 +1527,8 @@ int clif_storageitemlist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor)
     nullpo_ret(sd);
     nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1f0;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x1f0;
     int n = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
     {
@@ -1548,22 +1541,22 @@ int clif_storageitemlist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor)
         if (itemdb_isequip2(id))
             continue;
 
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 4) = i + 1;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 8) = uint8_t(id->type);
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 10) = stor->storage_[i].amount;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 4) = i + 1;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 18 + 8) = uint8_t(id->type);
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 18 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 10) = stor->storage_[i].amount;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 18 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
-        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
+        WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1577,8 +1570,8 @@ int clif_storageequiplist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor)
     nullpo_ret(sd);
     nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa6;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xa6;
     int n = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
     {
@@ -1590,39 +1583,39 @@ int clif_storageequiplist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor)
         nullpo_ret(id);
         if (!itemdb_isequip2(id))
             continue;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 4) = i + 1;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 8) = uint8_t(id->type);
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 10) = uint16_t(id->equip);
-        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 12) = uint16_t(stor->storage_[i].equip);
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 4) = i + 1;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 8) = uint8_t(id->type);
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 10) = uint16_t(id->equip);
+        WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 12) = uint16_t(stor->storage_[i].equip);
         if (stor->storage_[i].broken == 1)
-            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   //is weapon broken [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   //is weapon broken [Valaris]
         else
-            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].attribute;
-        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 15) = stor->storage_[i].refine;
+            WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].attribute;
+        WFIFOB(s, n * 20 + 15) = stor->storage_[i].refine;
         if (stor->storage_[i].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || stor->storage_[i].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || stor->storage_[i].card[0] == static_cast<short>(0xff00))
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
         }
         else
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
         }
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
-        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
+        WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1634,117 +1627,117 @@ int clif_storageequiplist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor)
  */
 int clif_updatestatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SP type)
 {
-    int fd, len = 8;
+    int len = 8;
 
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(type);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(type);
     switch (type)
     {
             // 00b0
         case SP::WEIGHT:
             pc_checkweighticon(sd);
             // is this because pc_checkweighticon can send other packets?
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb0;
-            WFIFOW(fd, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(type);
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->weight;
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb0;
+            WFIFOW(s, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(type);
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->weight;
             break;
         case SP::MAXWEIGHT:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->max_weight;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->max_weight;
             break;
         case SP::SPEED:
             // ...
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->speed.count());
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->speed.count());
             break;
         case SP::BASELEVEL:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.base_level;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.base_level;
             break;
         case SP::JOBLEVEL:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = 0;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = 0;
             break;
         case SP::STATUSPOINT:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.status_point;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.status_point;
             break;
         case SP::SKILLPOINT:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.skill_point;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.skill_point;
             break;
         case SP::HIT:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->hit;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->hit;
             break;
         case SP::FLEE1:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->flee;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->flee;
             break;
         case SP::FLEE2:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->flee2 / 10;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->flee2 / 10;
             break;
         case SP::MAXHP:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.max_hp;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.max_hp;
             break;
         case SP::MAXSP:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.max_sp;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.max_sp;
             break;
         case SP::HP:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.hp;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.hp;
             break;
         case SP::SP:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.sp;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.sp;
             break;
         case SP::ASPD:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->aspd.count());
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->aspd.count());
             break;
         case SP::ATK1:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
             break;
         case SP::DEF1:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->def;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->def;
             break;
         case SP::MDEF1:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->mdef;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->mdef;
             break;
         case SP::ATK2:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->watk2;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->watk2;
             break;
         case SP::DEF2:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->def2;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->def2;
             break;
         case SP::MDEF2:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->mdef2;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->mdef2;
             break;
         case SP::CRITICAL:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->critical / 10;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->critical / 10;
             break;
         case SP::MATK1:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->matk1;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->matk1;
             break;
         case SP::MATK2:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->matk2;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->matk2;
             break;
 
         case SP::ZENY:
             trade_verifyzeny(sd);
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb1;
             if (sd->status.zeny < 0)
                 sd->status.zeny = 0;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.zeny;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.zeny;
             break;
         case SP::BASEEXP:
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.base_exp;
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.base_exp;
             break;
         case SP::JOBEXP:
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.job_exp;
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = sd->status.job_exp;
             break;
         case SP::NEXTBASEEXP:
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = pc_nextbaseexp(sd);
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = pc_nextbaseexp(sd);
             break;
         case SP::NEXTJOBEXP:
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = pc_nextjobexp(sd);
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = pc_nextjobexp(sd);
             break;
 
             // 00be 終了
@@ -1754,15 +1747,15 @@ int clif_updatestatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SP type)
         case SP::UINT:
         case SP::UDEX:
         case SP::ULUK:
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xbe;
-            WFIFOB(fd, 4) = pc_need_status_point(sd, usp_to_sp(type));
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xbe;
+            WFIFOB(s, 4) = pc_need_status_point(sd, usp_to_sp(type));
             len = 5;
             break;
 
             // 013a 終了
         case SP::ATTACKRANGE:
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x13a;
-            WFIFOW(fd, 2) = (sd->attack_spell_override)
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x13a;
+            WFIFOW(s, 2) = (sd->attack_spell_override)
                 ? sd->attack_spell_range : sd->attackrange;
             len = 4;
             break;
@@ -1776,16 +1769,16 @@ int clif_updatestatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SP type)
         case SP::LUK:
         {
             ATTR attr = sp_to_attr(type);
-            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL(fd, 2) = uint16_t(type);
-            WFIFOL(fd, 6) = sd->status.attrs[attr];
-            WFIFOL(fd, 10) = sd->paramb[attr] + sd->parame[attr];
+            WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x141;
+            WFIFOL(s, 2) = uint16_t(type);
+            WFIFOL(s, 6) = sd->status.attrs[attr];
+            WFIFOL(s, 10) = sd->paramb[attr] + sd->parame[attr];
             len = 14;
         }
             break;
 
         case SP::GM:
-            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = pc_isGM(sd);
+            WFIFOL(s, 4) = pc_isGM(sd);
             break;
 
         default:
@@ -1794,7 +1787,7 @@ int clif_updatestatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SP type)
                         type);
             return 1;
     }
-    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1894,40 +1887,40 @@ int clif_initialstatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xbd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = sd->status.status_point;
-
-    WFIFOB(fd, 4) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR], 255);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 5) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::STR);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI], 255);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 7) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::AGI);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 8) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT], 255);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 9) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::VIT);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT], 255);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 11) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::INT);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 12) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX], 255);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 13) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::DEX);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 14) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK], 255);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 15) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::LUK);
-
-    WFIFOW(fd, 16) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 18) = sd->watk2;    //atk bonus
-    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = sd->matk1;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 22) = sd->matk2;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 24) = sd->def;  // def
-    WFIFOW(fd, 26) = sd->def2;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 28) = sd->mdef; // mdef
-    WFIFOW(fd, 30) = sd->mdef2;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = sd->hit;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 34) = sd->flee;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 36) = sd->flee2 / 10;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 38) = sd->critical / 10;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 40) = sd->status.karma;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 42) = sd->status.manner;
-
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xbd].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xbd;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = sd->status.status_point;
+
+    WFIFOB(s, 4) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR], 255);
+    WFIFOB(s, 5) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::STR);
+    WFIFOB(s, 6) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI], 255);
+    WFIFOB(s, 7) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::AGI);
+    WFIFOB(s, 8) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT], 255);
+    WFIFOB(s, 9) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::VIT);
+    WFIFOB(s, 10) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT], 255);
+    WFIFOB(s, 11) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::INT);
+    WFIFOB(s, 12) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX], 255);
+    WFIFOB(s, 13) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::DEX);
+    WFIFOB(s, 14) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK], 255);
+    WFIFOB(s, 15) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::LUK);
+
+    WFIFOW(s, 16) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
+    WFIFOW(s, 18) = sd->watk2;    //atk bonus
+    WFIFOW(s, 20) = sd->matk1;
+    WFIFOW(s, 22) = sd->matk2;
+    WFIFOW(s, 24) = sd->def;  // def
+    WFIFOW(s, 26) = sd->def2;
+    WFIFOW(s, 28) = sd->mdef; // mdef
+    WFIFOW(s, 30) = sd->mdef2;
+    WFIFOW(s, 32) = sd->hit;
+    WFIFOW(s, 34) = sd->flee;
+    WFIFOW(s, 36) = sd->flee2 / 10;
+    WFIFOW(s, 38) = sd->critical / 10;
+    WFIFOW(s, 40) = sd->status.karma;
+    WFIFOW(s, 42) = sd->status.manner;
+
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xbd].len);
 
     clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STR);
     clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::AGI);
@@ -1948,18 +1941,16 @@ int clif_initialstatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  */
 int clif_arrowequip(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int val)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->attacktarget && sd->attacktarget > 0)   // [Valaris]
         sd->attacktarget = 0;
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x013c;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = val + 2;   //矢のアイテムID
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x013c;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = val + 2;   //矢のアイテムID
 
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x013c].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x013c].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1970,15 +1961,14 @@ int clif_arrowequip(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int val)
  */
 int clif_arrow_fail(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int type)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x013b;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = type;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x013b;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = type;
 
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x013b].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x013b].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1989,16 +1979,14 @@ int clif_arrow_fail(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int type)
  */
 int clif_statusupack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SP type, int ok, int val)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xbc;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = uint16_t(type);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 4) = ok;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 5) = val;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xbc].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xbc;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = uint16_t(type);
+    WFIFOB(s, 4) = ok;
+    WFIFOB(s, 5) = val;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xbc].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2009,16 +1997,14 @@ int clif_statusupack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SP type, int ok, int val)
  */
 int clif_equipitemack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n, EPOS pos, int ok)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xaa;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = uint16_t(pos);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ok;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xaa].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xaa;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = n + 2;
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = uint16_t(pos);
+    WFIFOB(s, 6) = ok;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xaa].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2029,16 +2015,14 @@ int clif_equipitemack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n, EPOS pos, int ok)
  */
 int clif_unequipitemack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n, EPOS pos, int ok)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xac;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = uint16_t(pos);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ok;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xac].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xac;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = n + 2;
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = uint16_t(pos);
+    WFIFOB(s, 6) = ok;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xac].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2099,12 +2083,12 @@ int clif_useitemack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int index, int amount,
 
     if (!ok)
     {
-        int fd = sd->fd;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa8;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index + 2;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
-        WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ok;
-        WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xa8].len);
+        Session *s = sd->sess;
+        WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xa8;
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = index + 2;
+        WFIFOW(s, 4) = amount;
+        WFIFOB(s, 6) = ok;
+        WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xa8].len);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -2130,10 +2114,10 @@ void clif_traderequest(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, CharName name)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xe5;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 2, name.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xe5].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xe5;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 2, name.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xe5].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2144,10 +2128,10 @@ void clif_tradestart(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int type)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xe7;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xe7].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xe7;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xe7].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2160,48 +2144,48 @@ void clif_tradeadditem(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     nullpo_retv(sd);
     nullpo_retv(tsd);
 
-    int fd = tsd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xe9;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = amount;
+    Session *s = tsd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xe9;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = amount;
     if (index == 0)
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;     // type id
-        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = 0;     //identify flag
-        WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 0;     // attribute
-        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = 0;    //refine
-        WFIFOW(fd, 11) = 0;    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = 0;    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = 0;    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 6) = 0;     // type id
+        WFIFOB(s, 8) = 0;     //identify flag
+        WFIFOB(s, 9) = 0;     // attribute
+        WFIFOB(s, 10) = 0;    //refine
+        WFIFOW(s, 11) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 13) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 15) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 17) = 0;    //card (4w)
     }
     else
     {
         index -= 2;
-        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = sd->status.inventory[index].nameid;    // type id
-        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = sd->status.inventory[index].identify;  //identify flag
+        WFIFOW(s, 6) = sd->status.inventory[index].nameid;    // type id
+        WFIFOB(s, 8) = sd->status.inventory[index].identify;  //identify flag
         if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1)
-            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 1; // is broke weapon [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(s, 9) = 1; // is broke weapon [Valaris]
         else
-            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = sd->status.inventory[index].attribute; // attribute
-        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = sd->status.inventory[index].refine;   //refine
+            WFIFOB(s, 9) = sd->status.inventory[index].attribute; // attribute
+        WFIFOB(s, 10) = sd->status.inventory[index].refine;   //refine
         if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == static_cast<short>(0xff00))
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];  //card (4w)
-            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];  //card (4w)
-            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];  //card (4w)
-            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(s, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(s, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(s, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(s, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];  //card (4w)
         }
         else
         {
-            WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];
-            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(s, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(s, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(s, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(s, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];
         }
     }
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xe9].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xe9].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2211,16 +2195,14 @@ void clif_tradeadditem(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
 int clif_tradeitemok(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int index, int amount,
                       int fail)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1b1;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x1b1].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x1b1;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = index;
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = amount;
+    WFIFOB(s, 6) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x1b1].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2231,14 +2213,12 @@ int clif_tradeitemok(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int index, int amount,
  */
 int clif_tradedeal_lock(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int fail)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xec;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;      // 0=you 1=the other person
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xec].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xec;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = fail;      // 0=you 1=the other person
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xec].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2249,13 +2229,11 @@ int clif_tradedeal_lock(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int fail)
  */
 int clif_tradecancelled(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xee;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xee].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xee;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xee].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2266,14 +2244,12 @@ int clif_tradecancelled(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  */
 int clif_tradecompleted(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int fail)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf0;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf0].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xf0;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xf0].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2285,16 +2261,14 @@ int clif_tradecompleted(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int fail)
 int clif_updatestorageamount(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                               struct storage *stor)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
     nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf2;      // update storage amount
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = stor->storage_amount;  //items
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = MAX_STORAGE;   //items max
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf2].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xf2;      // update storage amount
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = stor->storage_amount;  //items
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = MAX_STORAGE;   //items max
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xf2].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2309,37 +2283,37 @@ int clif_storageitemadded(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor,
     nullpo_ret(sd);
     nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf4;      // Storage item added
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index + 1; // index
-    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = amount;    // amount
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xf4;      // Storage item added
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = index + 1; // index
+    WFIFOL(s, 4) = amount;    // amount
 /*      if ((view = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].nameid)) > 0)
                 WFIFOW(fd,8) =view;
         else*/
-    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = stor->storage_[index].nameid;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = stor->storage_[index].identify;   //identify flag
+    WFIFOW(s, 8) = stor->storage_[index].nameid;
+    WFIFOB(s, 10) = stor->storage_[index].identify;   //identify flag
     if (stor->storage_[index].broken == 1)
-        WFIFOB(fd, 11) = 1;    // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+        WFIFOB(s, 11) = 1;    // is weapon broken [Valaris]
     else
-        WFIFOB(fd, 11) = stor->storage_[index].attribute;  // attribute
-    WFIFOB(fd, 12) = stor->storage_[index].refine; //refine
+        WFIFOB(s, 11) = stor->storage_[index].attribute;  // attribute
+    WFIFOB(s, 12) = stor->storage_[index].refine; //refine
     if (stor->storage_[index].card[0] == 0x00ff
         || stor->storage_[index].card[0] == 0x00fe
         || stor->storage_[index].card[0] == static_cast<short>(0xff00))
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(s, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];    //card (4w)
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];
-        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];
-        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];
-        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];
+        WFIFOW(s, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];
+        WFIFOW(s, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];
+        WFIFOW(s, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];
+        WFIFOW(s, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];
     }
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf4].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xf4].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2351,15 +2325,13 @@ int clif_storageitemadded(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, struct storage *stor,
 int clif_storageitemremoved(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int index,
                              int amount)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf6;      // Storage item removed
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index + 1;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = amount;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf6].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xf6;      // Storage item removed
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = index + 1;
+    WFIFOL(s, 4) = amount;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xf6].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2370,13 +2342,11 @@ int clif_storageitemremoved(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int index,
  */
 int clif_storageclose(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf8;      // Storage Closed
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf8].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xf8;      // Storage Closed
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xf8].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2416,8 +2386,8 @@ void clif_getareachar_pc(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     {
         len = clif_set0078(dstsd, buf);
     }
-    WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, len);
-    WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+    WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, len);
+    WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
 
     if (battle_config.save_clothcolor == 1 && dstsd->status.clothes_color > 0)
         clif_changelook(dstsd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR,
@@ -2442,8 +2412,8 @@ void clif_getareachar_npc(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<npc_data> nd)
     if (nd->npc_class < 0 || nd->flag & 1 || nd->npc_class == INVISIBLE_CLASS)
         return;
 
-    len = clif_npc0078(nd, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
-    WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+    len = clif_npc0078(nd, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->sess, 0)));
+    WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2558,13 +2528,13 @@ void clif_getareachar_mob(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<mob_data> md)
 
     if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
     {
-        len = clif_mob007b(md, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
-        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+        len = clif_mob007b(md, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->sess, 0)));
+        WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
     }
     else
     {
-        len = clif_mob0078(md, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
-        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+        len = clif_mob0078(md, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->sess, 0)));
+        WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2579,19 +2549,19 @@ void clif_getareachar_item(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     nullpo_retv(sd);
     nullpo_retv(fitem);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
     //009d <ID>.l <item ID>.w <identify flag>.B <X>.w <Y>.w <amount>.w <subX>.B <subY>.B
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x9d;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = fitem->bl_id;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = fitem->item_data.nameid;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 8) = fitem->item_data.identify;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 9) = fitem->bl_x;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 11) = fitem->bl_y;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 13) = fitem->item_data.amount;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 15) = fitem->subx;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 16) = fitem->suby;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x9d;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = fitem->bl_id;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = fitem->item_data.nameid;
+    WFIFOB(s, 8) = fitem->item_data.identify;
+    WFIFOW(s, 9) = fitem->bl_x;
+    WFIFOW(s, 11) = fitem->bl_y;
+    WFIFOW(s, 13) = fitem->item_data.amount;
+    WFIFOB(s, 15) = fitem->subx;
+    WFIFOB(s, 16) = fitem->suby;
 
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x9d].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x9d].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2650,19 +2620,19 @@ void clif_pcoutsight(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
             dstsd = bl->is_player();
             if (sd != dstsd)
             {
-                clif_clearchar_id(dstsd->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
-                clif_clearchar_id(sd->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, dstsd->fd);
+                clif_clearchar_id(dstsd->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->sess);
+                clif_clearchar_id(sd->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, dstsd->sess);
             }
             break;
         case BL::NPC:
             if (bl->is_npc()->npc_class != INVISIBLE_CLASS)
-                clif_clearchar_id(bl->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
+                clif_clearchar_id(bl->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->sess);
             break;
         case BL::MOB:
-            clif_clearchar_id(bl->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
+            clif_clearchar_id(bl->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->sess);
             break;
         case BL::ITEM:
-            clif_clearflooritem(bl->is_item(), sd->fd);
+            clif_clearflooritem(bl->is_item(), sd->sess);
             break;
     }
 }
@@ -2714,7 +2684,7 @@ void clif_moboutsight(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, dumb_ptr<mob_data> md)
     if (bl->bl_type == BL::PC)
     {
         sd = bl->is_player();
-        clif_clearchar_id(md->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
+        clif_clearchar_id(md->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->sess);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2743,34 +2713,32 @@ void clif_mobinsight(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, dumb_ptr<mob_data> md)
 int clif_skillinfo(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SkillID skillid, int type,
                     int range)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
     if (!sd->status.skill[skillid].lv)
         return 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x147;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(skillid);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x147;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(skillid);
     if (type < 0)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = skill_get_inf(skillid);
+        WFIFOW(s, 4) = skill_get_inf(skillid);
     else
-        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = type;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = skill_get_sp(skillid, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
+        WFIFOW(s, 4) = type;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(s, 8) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv;
+    WFIFOW(s, 10) = skill_get_sp(skillid, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
     if (range < 0)
     {
         range = skill_get_range(skillid, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
         if (range < 0)
             range = battle_get_range(sd) - (range + 1);
-        WFIFOW(fd, 12) = range;
+        WFIFOW(s, 12) = range;
     }
     else
-        WFIFOW(fd, 12) = range;
-    WFIFO_ZERO(fd, 14, 24);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 38) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv < skill_get_max_raise(skillid);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x147].len);
+        WFIFOW(s, 12) = range;
+    WFIFO_ZERO(s, 14, 24);
+    WFIFOB(s, 38) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv < skill_get_max_raise(skillid);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x147].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2781,36 +2749,35 @@ int clif_skillinfo(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SkillID skillid, int type,
  */
 void clif_skillinfoblock(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int fd;
     int len = 4, range;
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x10f;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x10f;
     for (SkillID i : erange(SkillID(), MAX_SKILL))
     {
         if (sd->status.skill[i].lv && sd->tmw_version >= 1)
         {
             // [Fate] Version 1 and later don't crash because of bad skill IDs anymore
-            WFIFOW(fd, len) = static_cast<uint16_t>(i);
-            WFIFOW(fd, len + 2) = skill_get_inf(i);
-            WFIFOW(fd, len + 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(
+            WFIFOW(s, len) = static_cast<uint16_t>(i);
+            WFIFOW(s, len + 2) = skill_get_inf(i);
+            WFIFOW(s, len + 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(
                 skill_db[i].poolflags
                 | (sd->status.skill[i].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED));
-            WFIFOW(fd, len + 6) = sd->status.skill[i].lv;
-            WFIFOW(fd, len + 8) = skill_get_sp(i, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
+            WFIFOW(s, len + 6) = sd->status.skill[i].lv;
+            WFIFOW(s, len + 8) = skill_get_sp(i, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
             range = skill_get_range(i, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
             if (range < 0)
                 range = battle_get_range(sd) - (range + 1);
-            WFIFOW(fd, len + 10) = range;
-            WFIFO_ZERO(fd, len + 12, 24);
-            WFIFOB(fd, len + 36) = sd->status.skill[i].lv < skill_get_max_raise(i);
+            WFIFOW(s, len + 10) = range;
+            WFIFO_ZERO(s, len + 12, 24);
+            WFIFOB(s, len + 36) = sd->status.skill[i].lv < skill_get_max_raise(i);
             len += 37;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = len;
+    WFIFOSET(s, len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2819,21 +2786,21 @@ void clif_skillinfoblock(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  */
 int clif_skillup(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SkillID skill_num)
 {
-    int range, fd;
+    int range;
 
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x10e;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = uint16_t(skill_num);
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = skill_get_sp(skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x10e;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = uint16_t(skill_num);
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = skill_get_sp(skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
     range = skill_get_range(skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
     if (range < 0)
         range = battle_get_range(sd) - (range + 1);
-    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = range;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv < skill_get_max_raise(skill_num);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x10e].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 8) = range;
+    WFIFOB(s, 10) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv < skill_get_max_raise(skill_num);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x10e].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2862,24 +2829,22 @@ int clif_skillcastcancel(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl)
 int clif_skill_fail(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, SkillID skill_id, int type,
                      int btype)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
 
     if (type == 0x4 && battle_config.display_delay_skill_fail == 0)
     {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x110;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = uint16_t(skill_id);
-    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = btype;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 8) = 0;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 9) = type;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x110].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x110;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = uint16_t(skill_id);
+    WFIFOW(s, 4) = btype;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOB(s, 8) = 0;
+    WFIFOB(s, 9) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x110].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2938,16 +2903,16 @@ int clif_status_change(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, StatusChange type, int flag)
  * Send message (modified by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_displaymessage(int fd, XString mes)
+void clif_displaymessage(Session *s, XString mes)
 {
     if (mes)
     {
         // don't send a void message (it's not displaying on the client chat). @help can send void line.
-        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x8e;
+        WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x8e;
         size_t str_len = mes.size() + 1; // NUL (might not be NUL yet)
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + str_len;
-        WFIFO_STRING(fd, 4, mes, str_len);
-        WFIFOSET(fd, 4 + str_len);
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 4 + str_len;
+        WFIFO_STRING(s, 4, mes, str_len);
+        WFIFOSET(s, 4 + str_len);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2993,25 +2958,25 @@ void clif_resurrection(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, int type)
  * Wisp/page is transmitted to the destination player
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_wis_message(int fd, CharName nick, XString mes)   // R 0097 <len>.w <nick>.24B <message>.?B
+void clif_wis_message(Session *s, CharName nick, XString mes)   // R 0097 <len>.w <nick>.24B <message>.?B
 {
     size_t mes_len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x97;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = mes_len + 24 + 4;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 4, nick.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 28, mes, mes_len);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x97;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = mes_len + 24 + 4;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 4, nick.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 28, mes, mes_len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, WFIFOW(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * The transmission result of Wisp/page is transmitted to the source player
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_wis_end(int fd, int flag) // R 0098 <type>.B: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+void clif_wis_end(Session *s, int flag) // R 0098 <type>.B: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
 {
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x98;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x98].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x98;
+    WFIFOW(s, 2) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x98].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3028,14 +2993,12 @@ void clif_wis_end(int fd, int flag) // R 0098 <type>.B: 0: success to send wispe
  */
 int clif_party_created(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int flag)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xfa;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xfa].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xfa;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xfa].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3043,7 +3006,7 @@ int clif_party_created(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int flag)
  * パーティ情報送信
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_info(struct party *p, int fd)
+int clif_party_info(struct party *p, Session *s)
 {
     unsigned char buf[1024];
     int i, c;
@@ -3070,11 +3033,11 @@ int clif_party_info(struct party *p, int fd)
     }
     size_t len = 28 + c * 46;
     WBUFW(buf, 2) = len;
-    if (fd >= 0)
+    if (s)
     {
         // If set, send only to fd.
-        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(fd, buf, len);
-        WFIFOSET(fd, len);
+        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(s, buf, len);
+        WFIFOSET(s, len);
         return 9;
     }
     // else, send it to all the party, if they exist.
@@ -3093,21 +3056,20 @@ int clif_party_info(struct party *p, int fd)
 void clif_party_invite(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
                        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> tsd)
 {
-    int fd;
     struct party *p;
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
     nullpo_retv(tsd);
 
-    fd = tsd->fd;
+    Session *s = tsd->sess;
 
     if (!(p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)))
         return;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xfe;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 6, p->name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xfe].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xfe;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 6, p->name, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xfe].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3128,11 +3090,11 @@ void clif_party_inviteack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, CharName nick, int flag
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xfd;
-    WFIFO_STRING(fd, 2, nick.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFOB(fd, 26) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xfd].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xfd;
+    WFIFO_STRING(s, 2, nick.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFOB(s, 26) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xfd].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3166,8 +3128,8 @@ void clif_party_option(struct party *p, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int flag)
         clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len, sd, SendWho::PARTY);
     else
     {
-        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len);
-        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len);
+        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len);
+        WFIFOSET(sd->sess, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3202,8 +3164,8 @@ void clif_party_leaved(struct party *p, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
     }
     else if (sd != NULL)
     {
-        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len);
-        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len);
+        WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len);
+        WFIFOSET(sd->sess, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3284,20 +3246,18 @@ int clif_party_hp(struct party *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  */
 int clif_movetoattack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
     nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x139;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = bl->bl_id;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = bl->bl_x;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = bl->bl_y;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = sd->bl_x;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 12) = sd->bl_y;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 14) = sd->attackrange;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x139].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x139;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = bl->bl_id;
+    WFIFOW(s, 6) = bl->bl_x;
+    WFIFOW(s, 8) = bl->bl_y;
+    WFIFOW(s, 10) = sd->bl_x;
+    WFIFOW(s, 12) = sd->bl_y;
+    WFIFOW(s, 14) = sd->attackrange;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x139].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3351,15 +3311,15 @@ void clif_emotion_towards(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl,
     WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->bl_id;
     WBUFB(buf, 6) = type;
 
-    WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->fd, buf, len);
-    WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
+    WFIFO_BUF_CLONE(sd->sess, buf, len);
+    WFIFOSET(sd->sess, len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 座る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_sitting(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_sitting(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
 
@@ -3378,19 +3338,17 @@ void clif_sitting(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 static
 int clif_GM_kickack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int id)
 {
-    int fd;
-
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xcd;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xcd].len);
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xcd;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xcd].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-void clif_parse_QuitGame(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
+void clif_parse_QuitGame(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 
 int clif_GM_kick(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> tsd,
                   int type)
@@ -3401,7 +3359,7 @@ int clif_GM_kick(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> tsd,
         clif_GM_kickack(sd, tsd->status.account_id);
     tsd->opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
     tsd->opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
-    clif_parse_QuitGame(tsd->fd, tsd);
+    clif_parse_QuitGame(tsd->sess, tsd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3448,7 +3406,7 @@ int clif_specialeffect(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, int type, int flag)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_WantToConnection(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_WantToConnection(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int account_id;            // account_id in the packet
 
@@ -3459,34 +3417,34 @@ void clif_parse_WantToConnection(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         return;
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x72)
+    if (RFIFOW(s, 0) == 0x72)
     {
-        account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+        account_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
     }
     else
         return;                 // Not the auth packet
 
-    WFIFOL(fd, 0) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, 4);
+    WFIFOL(s, 0) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(s, 4);
 
     // if same account already connected, we disconnect the 2 sessions
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> old_sd = map_id2sd(account_id);
     if (old_sd)
     {
-        clif_authfail_fd(fd, 2);   // same id
-        clif_authfail_fd(old_sd->fd, 2);   // same id
+        clif_authfail_fd(s, 2);   // same id
+        clif_authfail_fd(old_sd->sess, 2);   // same id
         PRINTF("clif_parse_WantToConnection: Double connection for account %d (sessions: #%d (new) and #%d (old)).\n",
-             account_id, fd, old_sd->fd);
+             account_id, s, old_sd->sess);
     }
     else
     {
         sd.new_();
-        session[fd]->session_data.reset(sd.operator->());
-        sd->fd = fd;
+        s->session_data.reset(sd.operator->());
+        sd->sess = s;
 
-        pc_setnewpc(sd, account_id, RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOL(fd, 10),
-                tick_t(static_cast<interval_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 14))),
-                static_cast<SEX>(RFIFOB(fd, 18)));
+        pc_setnewpc(sd, account_id, RFIFOL(s, 6), RFIFOL(s, 10),
+                tick_t(static_cast<interval_t>(RFIFOL(s, 14))),
+                static_cast<SEX>(RFIFOB(s, 18)));
 
         map_addiddb(sd);
 
@@ -3502,7 +3460,7 @@ void clif_parse_WantToConnection(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_LoadEndAck(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_LoadEndAck(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
 //  struct item_data* item;
     int i;
@@ -3608,11 +3566,11 @@ void clif_parse_LoadEndAck(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TickSend(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TickSend(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    sd->client_tick = tick_t(static_cast<interval_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 2)));
+    sd->client_tick = tick_t(static_cast<interval_t>(RFIFOL(s, 2)));
     sd->server_tick = gettick();
     clif_servertick(sd);
 }
@@ -3622,7 +3580,7 @@ void clif_parse_TickSend(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_WalkToXY(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_WalkToXY(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int x, y;
 
@@ -3649,8 +3607,8 @@ void clif_parse_WalkToXY(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 
     pc_stopattack(sd);
 
-    x = RFIFOB(fd, 2) * 4 + (RFIFOB(fd, 3) >> 6);
-    y = ((RFIFOB(fd, 3) & 0x3f) << 4) + (RFIFOB(fd, 4) >> 4);
+    x = RFIFOB(s, 2) * 4 + (RFIFOB(s, 3) >> 6);
+    y = ((RFIFOB(s, 3) & 0x3f) << 4) + (RFIFOB(s, 4) >> 4);
     pc_walktoxy(sd, x, y);
 
 }
@@ -3659,18 +3617,18 @@ void clif_parse_WalkToXY(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_parse_QuitGame(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_QuitGame(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     tick_t tick = gettick();
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x18b;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x18b;
     if ((!pc_isdead(sd) && (sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO || sd->opt2 != Opt2::ZERO))
         || (tick < sd->canact_tick))
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 1;
-        WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x18b].len);
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 1;
+        WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x18b].len);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -3678,14 +3636,14 @@ void clif_parse_QuitGame(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     if (!battle_config.prevent_logout
         || tick >= sd->canlog_tick + std::chrono::seconds(10))
     {
-        clif_setwaitclose(fd);
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 0;
+        clif_setwaitclose(s);
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 0;
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 1;
+        WFIFOW(s, 2) = 1;
     }
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x18b].len);
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x18b].len);
 
 }
 
@@ -3694,18 +3652,18 @@ void clif_parse_QuitGame(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     dumb_ptr<block_list> bl;
     int account_id;
 
-    account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    account_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
     bl = map_id2bl(account_id);
     if (bl == NULL)
         return;
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x95;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x95;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = account_id;
 
     switch (bl->bl_type)
     {
@@ -3716,10 +3674,10 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
             nullpo_retv(ssd);
 
             if (ssd->state.shroud_active)
-                WFIFO_STRING(fd, 6, "", 24);
+                WFIFO_STRING(s, 6, "", 24);
             else
-                WFIFO_STRING(fd, 6, ssd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
-            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
+                WFIFO_STRING(s, 6, ssd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
+            WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
 
             struct party *p = NULL;
 
@@ -3735,28 +3693,28 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 
             if (send)
             {
-                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x195;
-                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
-                WFIFO_STRING(fd, 6, party_name, 24);
-                WFIFO_STRING(fd, 30, "", 24);
-                WFIFO_STRING(fd, 54, "", 24);
-                WFIFO_STRING(fd, 78, "", 24); // We send this value twice because the client expects it
-                WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x195].len);
+                WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x195;
+                WFIFOL(s, 2) = account_id;
+                WFIFO_STRING(s, 6, party_name, 24);
+                WFIFO_STRING(s, 30, "", 24);
+                WFIFO_STRING(s, 54, "", 24);
+                WFIFO_STRING(s, 78, "", 24); // We send this value twice because the client expects it
+                WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x195].len);
 
             }
 
             if (pc_isGM(sd) >= battle_config.hack_info_GM_level)
             {
                 IP4Address ip = ssd->get_ip();
-                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x20C;
+                WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x20C;
 
                 // Mask the IP using the char-server password
                 if (battle_config.mask_ip_gms)
                     ip = MD5_ip(ip);
 
-                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
-                WFIFOIP(fd, 6) = ip;
-                WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x20C].len);
+                WFIFOL(s, 2) = account_id;
+                WFIFOIP(s, 6) = ip;
+                WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x20C].len);
              }
 
         }
@@ -3766,8 +3724,8 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
             NpcName name = bl->is_npc()->name;
             // [fate] elim hashed out/invisible names for the client
             auto it = std::find(name.begin(), name.end(), '#');
-            WFIFO_STRING(fd, 6, name.xislice_h(it), 24);
-            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
+            WFIFO_STRING(s, 6, name.xislice_h(it), 24);
+            WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
         }
             break;
         case BL::MOB:
@@ -3776,8 +3734,8 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 
             nullpo_retv(md);
 
-            WFIFO_STRING(fd, 6, md->name, 24);
-            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
+            WFIFO_STRING(s, 6, md->name, 24);
+            WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
         }
             break;
         default:
@@ -3796,18 +3754,18 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_GlobalMessage(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_GlobalMessage(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     FString mbuf = clif_validate_chat(sd, ChatType::Global);
     if (!mbuf)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (is_atcommand(fd, sd, mbuf, 0))
+    if (is_atcommand(s, sd, mbuf, 0))
         return;
 
     if (!magic_message(sd, mbuf))
@@ -3815,7 +3773,7 @@ void clif_parse_GlobalMessage(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
         if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, mbuf))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+            clif_displaymessage(s, "Your message could not be sent.");
             return;
         }
 
@@ -3831,10 +3789,10 @@ void clif_parse_GlobalMessage(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     }
 
     /* Send the message back to the speaker. */
-    size_t len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
-    RFIFO_WFIFO_CLONE(fd, fd, len);
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x8e;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
+    size_t len = RFIFOW(s, 2);
+    RFIFO_WFIFO_CLONE(s, s, len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x8e;
+    WFIFOSET(s, len);
 }
 
 void clif_message(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, XString msg)
@@ -3860,7 +3818,7 @@ void clif_message(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, XString msg)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_ChangeDir(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_ChangeDir(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
 
@@ -3869,7 +3827,7 @@ void clif_parse_ChangeDir(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     // RFIFOW(fd, 2) and WBUFW(buf, 6) are always 0
     // TODO perhaps we could use that to remove this hack?
     DIR dir;
-    uint8_t client_dir = RFIFOB(fd, 4);
+    uint8_t client_dir = RFIFOB(s, 4);
     // the client uses a diffenent direction enum ... ugh
     switch (client_dir)
     {
@@ -3904,7 +3862,7 @@ void clif_parse_ChangeDir(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_Emotion(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_Emotion(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
 
@@ -3913,7 +3871,7 @@ void clif_parse_Emotion(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
         || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_EMOTE) >= 1)
     {
-        uint8_t emote = RFIFOB(fd, 2);
+        uint8_t emote = RFIFOB(s, 2);
         WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xc0;
         WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl_id;
         WBUFB(buf, 6) = emote;
@@ -3928,11 +3886,11 @@ void clif_parse_Emotion(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_HowManyConnections(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>)
+void clif_parse_HowManyConnections(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>)
 {
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc2;
-    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = map_getusers();
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xc2].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xc2;
+    WFIFOL(s, 2) = map_getusers();
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xc2].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3940,7 +3898,7 @@ void clif_parse_HowManyConnections(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data>)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_ActionRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_ActionRequest(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
     int action_type, target_id;
@@ -3962,8 +3920,8 @@ void clif_parse_ActionRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     pc_stop_walking(sd, 0);
     pc_stopattack(sd);
 
-    target_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    action_type = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
+    target_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    action_type = RFIFOB(s, 6);
 
     switch (action_type)
     {
@@ -3988,7 +3946,7 @@ void clif_parse_ActionRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         case 0x02:             // sitdown
             pc_stop_walking(sd, 1);
             pc_setsit(sd);
-            clif_sitting(fd, sd);
+            clif_sitting(s, sd);
             break;
         case 0x03:             // standup
             pc_setstand(sd);
@@ -4005,11 +3963,11 @@ void clif_parse_ActionRequest(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_Restart(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_Restart(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    switch (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
+    switch (RFIFOB(s, 2))
     {
         case 0x00:
             if (pc_isdead(sd))
@@ -4030,10 +3988,10 @@ void clif_parse_Restart(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
             }
             else
             {
-                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x18b;
-                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 1;
+                WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x18b;
+                WFIFOW(s, 2) = 1;
 
-                WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x018b].len);
+                WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0x018b].len);
             }
             break;
     }
@@ -4050,7 +4008,7 @@ void clif_parse_Restart(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_Wis(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_Wis(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> dstsd = NULL;
 
@@ -4059,11 +4017,11 @@ void clif_parse_Wis(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     FString mbuf = clif_validate_chat(sd, ChatType::Whisper);
     if (!mbuf)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (is_atcommand(fd, sd, mbuf, 0))
+    if (is_atcommand(s, sd, mbuf, 0))
     {
         return;
     }
@@ -4071,7 +4029,7 @@ void clif_parse_Wis(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
     if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, mbuf))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4081,26 +4039,26 @@ void clif_parse_Wis(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
      * conflict (for instance, "Test" versus "test"), the char-server must
      * settle the discrepancy.
      */
-    CharName tname = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 4));
+    CharName tname = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 4));
     if (!(dstsd = map_nick2sd(tname))
             || dstsd->status.name != tname)
         intif_wis_message(sd, tname, mbuf);
     else
     {
         /* Refuse messages addressed to self. */
-        if (dstsd->fd == fd)
+        if (dstsd->sess == s)
         {
             ZString mes = "You cannot page yourself.";
-            clif_wis_message(fd, wisp_server_name, mes);
+            clif_wis_message(s, wisp_server_name, mes);
         }
         else
         {
             {
                 /* The player is not being ignored. */
                 {
-                    clif_wis_message(dstsd->fd, sd->status.name, mbuf);
+                    clif_wis_message(dstsd->sess, sd->status.name, mbuf);
                     /* The whisper was sent successfully. */
-                    clif_wis_end(fd, 0);
+                    clif_wis_end(s, 0);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -4112,14 +4070,14 @@ void clif_parse_Wis(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TakeItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TakeItem(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     dumb_ptr<flooritem_data> fitem;
     int map_object_id;
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    map_object_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    map_object_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
     fitem = map_id_is_item(map_object_id);
 
     if (pc_isdead(sd))
@@ -4150,7 +4108,7 @@ void clif_parse_TakeItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_DropItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_DropItem(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int item_index, item_amount;
 
@@ -4163,18 +4121,18 @@ void clif_parse_DropItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     }
     if (sd->bl_m->flag.no_player_drops)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Can't drop items here.");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "Can't drop items here.");
         return;
     }
     if (sd->npc_id != 0
         || sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Can't drop items right now.");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "Can't drop items right now.");
         return;
     }
 
-    item_index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
-    item_amount = RFIFOW(fd, 4);
+    item_index = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 2;
+    item_amount = RFIFOW(s, 4);
 
     pc_dropitem(sd, item_index, item_amount);
 }
@@ -4184,7 +4142,7 @@ void clif_parse_DropItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_UseItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_UseItem(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
@@ -4200,7 +4158,7 @@ void clif_parse_UseItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     if (sd->invincible_timer)
         pc_delinvincibletimer(sd);
 
-    pc_useitem(sd, RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2);
+    pc_useitem(sd, RFIFOW(s, 2) - 2);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4208,7 +4166,7 @@ void clif_parse_UseItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_EquipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_EquipItem(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int index;
 
@@ -4219,7 +4177,7 @@ void clif_parse_EquipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         clif_clearchar(sd, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
-    index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
+    index = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 2;
     if (sd->npc_id != 0)
         return;
 
@@ -4234,7 +4192,7 @@ void clif_parse_EquipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     //ペット用装備であるかないか
     if (sd->inventory_data[index])
     {
-        EPOS epos = EPOS(RFIFOW(fd, 4));
+        EPOS epos = EPOS(RFIFOW(s, 4));
         if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == ItemType::ARROW)
             // 矢を無理やり装備できるように（−−；
             epos = EPOS::ARROW;
@@ -4249,7 +4207,7 @@ void clif_parse_EquipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_UnequipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_UnequipItem(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int index;
 
@@ -4260,7 +4218,7 @@ void clif_parse_UnequipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         clif_clearchar(sd, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
-    index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
+    index = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 2;
     if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1 && sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON].timer)
         skill_status_change_end(sd, StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON, nullptr);
     if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1 && sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_BROKNARMOR].timer)
@@ -4277,7 +4235,7 @@ void clif_parse_UnequipItem(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcClicked(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
@@ -4288,7 +4246,7 @@ void clif_parse_NpcClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
     }
     if (sd->npc_id != 0)
         return;
-    npc_click(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    npc_click(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4296,9 +4254,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    npc_buysellsel(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOB(fd, 6));
+    npc_buysellsel(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2), RFIFOB(s, 6));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4306,17 +4264,17 @@ void clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int n = (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 4;
+    int n = (RFIFOW(s, 2) - 4) / 4;
     // really an array of pairs of uint16_t
-    const uint16_t *item_list = static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4));
+    const uint16_t *item_list = static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(s, 4));
 
     int fail = npc_buylist(sd, n, item_list);
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xca;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xca].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xca;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xca].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4324,17 +4282,17 @@ void clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcSellListSend(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcSellListSend(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int n = (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 4;
+    int n = (RFIFOW(s, 2) - 4) / 4;
     // really an array of pairs of uint16_t
-    const uint16_t *item_list = static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4));
+    const uint16_t *item_list = static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(s, 4));
 
     int fail = npc_selllist(sd, n, item_list);
 
-    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xcb;
-    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xcb].len);
+    WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0xcb;
+    WFIFOB(s, 2) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(s, clif_parse_func_table[0xcb].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4342,14 +4300,14 @@ void clif_parse_NpcSellListSend(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeRequest(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeRequest(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
         || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_TRADE) >= 1)
     {
-        trade_traderequest(sd, RFIFOL(sd->fd, 2));
+        trade_traderequest(sd, RFIFOL(sd->sess, 2));
     }
     else
         clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 0, 0);
@@ -4360,11 +4318,11 @@ void clif_parse_TradeRequest(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeAck(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeAck(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    trade_tradeack(sd, RFIFOB(sd->fd, 2));
+    trade_tradeack(sd, RFIFOB(sd->sess, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4372,11 +4330,11 @@ void clif_parse_TradeAck(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeAddItem(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeAddItem(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    trade_tradeadditem(sd, RFIFOW(sd->fd, 2), RFIFOL(sd->fd, 4));
+    trade_tradeadditem(sd, RFIFOW(sd->sess, 2), RFIFOL(sd->sess, 4));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4384,7 +4342,7 @@ void clif_parse_TradeAddItem(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeOk(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeOk(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     trade_tradeok(sd);
 }
@@ -4394,7 +4352,7 @@ void clif_parse_TradeOk(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeCansel(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeCansel(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     trade_tradecancel(sd);
 }
@@ -4404,7 +4362,7 @@ void clif_parse_TradeCansel(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeCommit(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeCommit(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     trade_tradecommit(sd);
 }
@@ -4414,7 +4372,7 @@ void clif_parse_TradeCommit(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_StopAttack(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_StopAttack(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     pc_stopattack(sd);
 }
@@ -4424,9 +4382,9 @@ void clif_parse_StopAttack(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_StatusUp(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_StatusUp(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    pc_statusup(sd, SP(RFIFOW(fd, 2)));
+    pc_statusup(sd, SP(RFIFOW(s, 2)));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4434,9 +4392,9 @@ void clif_parse_StatusUp(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_SkillUp(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_SkillUp(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    pc_skillup(sd, SkillID(RFIFOW(fd, 2)));
+    pc_skillup(sd, SkillID(RFIFOW(s, 2)));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4444,12 +4402,12 @@ void clif_parse_SkillUp(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    sd->npc_menu = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
-    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    sd->npc_menu = RFIFOB(s, 6);
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4457,9 +4415,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcNextClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcNextClicked(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4467,12 +4425,12 @@ void clif_parse_NpcNextClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcAmountInput(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcAmountInput(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    sd->npc_amount = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
-    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    sd->npc_amount = RFIFOL(s, 6);
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4482,12 +4440,12 @@ void clif_parse_NpcAmountInput(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcStringInput(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcStringInput(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int len;
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 8;
+    len = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 8;
 
     /*
      * If we check for equal to 0, too, we'll freeze clients that send (or
@@ -4495,9 +4453,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcStringInput(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
      */
     if (len < 0)
         return;
-    sd->npc_str = RFIFO_STRING(fd, 8, len);
+    sd->npc_str = RFIFO_STRING(s, 8, len);
 
-    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(s, 4));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4505,9 +4463,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcStringInput(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4515,14 +4473,14 @@ void clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_MoveToKafra(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_MoveToKafra(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int item_index, item_amount;
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    item_index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
-    item_amount = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+    item_index = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 2;
+    item_amount = RFIFOL(s, 4);
 
     if ((sd->npc_id != 0 && !sd->npc_flags.storage) || sd->trade_partner != 0
         || !sd->state.storage_open)
@@ -4537,14 +4495,14 @@ void clif_parse_MoveToKafra(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_MoveFromKafra(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_MoveFromKafra(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     int item_index, item_amount;
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    item_index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 1;
-    item_amount = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+    item_index = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 1;
+    item_amount = RFIFOL(s, 4);
 
     if ((sd->npc_id != 0 && !sd->npc_flags.storage) || sd->trade_partner != 0
         || !sd->state.storage_open)
@@ -4559,7 +4517,7 @@ void clif_parse_MoveFromKafra(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_CloseKafra(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_CloseKafra(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
@@ -4575,12 +4533,12 @@ void clif_parse_CloseKafra(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_CreateParty(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_CreateParty(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
         || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_PARTY) >= 2)
     {
-        PartyName name = stringish<PartyName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 2));
+        PartyName name = stringish<PartyName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 2));
         party_create(sd, name);
     }
     else
@@ -4595,9 +4553,9 @@ void clif_parse_CreateParty(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_PartyInvite(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_PartyInvite(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    party_invite(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    party_invite(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4608,16 +4566,16 @@ void clif_parse_PartyInvite(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
         || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_PARTY) >= 1)
     {
-        party_reply_invite(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6));
+        party_reply_invite(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2), RFIFOL(s, 6));
     }
     else
     {
-        party_reply_invite(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), 0);
+        party_reply_invite(sd, RFIFOL(s, 2), 0);
         clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 0, 4);
     }
 }
@@ -4627,7 +4585,7 @@ void clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_LeaveParty(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_LeaveParty(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     party_leave(sd);
 }
@@ -4637,9 +4595,9 @@ void clif_parse_LeaveParty(int, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_RemovePartyMember(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_RemovePartyMember(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    int account_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
     // unused RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 6);
     party_removemember(sd, account_id);
 }
@@ -4649,9 +4607,9 @@ void clif_parse_RemovePartyMember(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_PartyChangeOption(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_PartyChangeOption(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
-    party_changeoption(sd, RFIFOW(fd, 2), RFIFOW(fd, 4));
+    party_changeoption(sd, RFIFOW(s, 2), RFIFOW(s, 4));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4663,24 +4621,24 @@ void clif_parse_PartyChangeOption(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_PartyMessage(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
+void clif_parse_PartyMessage(Session *s, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     FString mbuf = clif_validate_chat(sd, ChatType::Party);
     if (!mbuf)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (is_atcommand(fd, sd, mbuf, 0))
+    if (is_atcommand(s, sd, mbuf, 0))
         return;
 
     /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
     if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, mbuf))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(s, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -5237,9 +5195,9 @@ func_table clif_parse_func_table[0x0220] =
 
 // Checks for packet flooding
 static
-int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
+int clif_check_packet_flood(Session *s, int cmd)
 {
-    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[fd]->session_data.get()));
+    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get()));
     tick_t tick = gettick();
 
     // sd will not be set if the client hasn't requested
@@ -5264,7 +5222,7 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
     // ActionRequest - attacks are allowed a faster rate than sit/stand
     if (cmd == 0x89)
     {
-        int action_type = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
+        int action_type = RFIFOB(s, 6);
         if (action_type == 0x00 || action_type == 0x07)
             rate = std::chrono::milliseconds(20);
         else
@@ -5303,7 +5261,7 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
             PRINTF("packet flood detected from %s [0x%x]\n", sd->status.name, cmd);
             if (battle_config.packet_spam_kick)
             {
-                session[fd]->eof = 1; // Kick
+                s->eof = 1; // Kick
                 return 1;
             }
             sd->packet_flood_in = 0;
@@ -5343,8 +5301,8 @@ FString clif_validate_chat(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ChatType type)
     if (sd->auto_ban_info.in_progress)
         return FString();
 
-    int fd = sd->fd;
-    size_t msg_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4;
+    Session *s = sd->sess;
+    size_t msg_len = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 4;
     size_t name_len = sd->status.name.to__actual().size();
     /*
      * At least one character is required in all instances.
@@ -5379,7 +5337,7 @@ FString clif_validate_chat(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ChatType type)
     if (type == ChatType::Whisper && msg_len < min_len)
     {
         /* Disallow malformed messages. */
-        clif_setwaitclose(fd);
+        clif_setwaitclose(s);
         WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "illegal target name");
         return FString();
     }
@@ -5391,7 +5349,7 @@ FString clif_validate_chat(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ChatType type)
         pstart += 24;
         buf_len -= 24;
     }
-    FString pbuf = RFIFO_STRING(fd, pstart, buf_len);
+    FString pbuf = RFIFO_STRING(s, pstart, buf_len);
 
     /*
      * The client attempted to exceed the maximum message length.
@@ -5412,7 +5370,7 @@ FString clif_validate_chat(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ChatType type)
         if (!(p.startswith(sd->status.name.to__actual()) && p.xslice_t(name_len).startswith(" : ")))
         {
             /* Disallow malformed/spoofed messages. */
-            clif_setwaitclose(fd);
+            clif_setwaitclose(s);
             WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "spoofed name/invalid format");
             return FString();
         }
@@ -5429,31 +5387,31 @@ FString clif_validate_chat(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ChatType type)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse(int fd)
+void clif_parse(Session *s)
 {
     int packet_len = 0, cmd = 0;
-    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[fd]->session_data.get()));
+    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s->session_data.get()));
 
     if (!sd || (sd && !sd->state.auth))
     {
-        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 2)
+        if (RFIFOREST(s) < 2)
         {                       // too small a packet disconnect
-            session[fd]->eof = 1;
+            s->eof = 1;
         }
-        if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) != 0x72 && RFIFOW(fd, 0) != 0x7530)
+        if (RFIFOW(s, 0) != 0x72 && RFIFOW(s, 0) != 0x7530)
         {
             // first packet must be auth or finger
-            session[fd]->eof = 1;
+            s->eof = 1;
         }
     }
 
     // 接続が切れてるので後始末
-    if (!chrif_isconnect() || session[fd]->eof)
+    if (!chrif_isconnect() || s->eof)
     {                           // char鯖に繋がってない間は接続禁止 (!chrif_isconnect())
         if (sd && sd->state.auth)
         {
             pc_logout(sd);
-            clif_quitsave(fd, sd);
+            clif_quitsave(s, sd);
 
             PRINTF("Player [%s] has logged off your server.\n", sd->status.name);  // Player logout display [Valaris]
         }
@@ -5462,15 +5420,15 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
             PRINTF("Player with account [%d] has logged off your server (not auth account).\n", sd->bl_id);    // Player logout display [Yor]
             map_deliddb(sd);  // account_id has been included in the DB before auth answer
         }
-        if (fd)
-            delete_session(fd);
+        if (s)
+            delete_session(s);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 2)
+    if (RFIFOREST(s) < 2)
         return;               // Too small (no packet number)
 
-    cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
+    cmd = RFIFOW(s, 0);
 
     // 管理用パケット処理
     if (cmd >= 30000)
@@ -5478,13 +5436,13 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
         switch (cmd)
         {
             case 0x7530:       // Athena情報所得
-                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7531;
-                WFIFO_STRUCT(fd, 2, CURRENT_MAP_SERVER_VERSION);
-                WFIFOSET(fd, 10);
-                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(s, 0) = 0x7531;
+                WFIFO_STRUCT(s, 2, CURRENT_MAP_SERVER_VERSION);
+                WFIFOSET(s, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(s, 2);
                 break;
             case 0x7532:       // 接続の切断
-                session[fd]->eof = 1;
+                s->eof = 1;
                 break;
         }
         return;
@@ -5496,19 +5454,19 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
     packet_len = clif_parse_func_table[cmd].len;
     if (packet_len == VAR)
     {
-        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
+        if (RFIFOREST(s) < 4)
         {
             return;           // Runt packet (variable length without a length sent)
         }
-        packet_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
+        packet_len = RFIFOW(s, 2);
         if (packet_len < 4 || packet_len > 32768)
         {
-            session[fd]->eof = 1;
+            s->eof = 1;
             return;           // Runt packet (variable out of bounds)
         }
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < packet_len)
+    if (RFIFOREST(s) < packet_len)
     {
         return;               // Runt packet (sent legnth is too small)
     }
@@ -5519,23 +5477,23 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
     }
     else if (clif_parse_func_table[cmd].func)
     {
-        if (clif_check_packet_flood(fd, cmd))
+        if (clif_check_packet_flood(s, cmd))
         {
             // Flood triggered. Skip packet.
-            RFIFOSKIP(sd->fd, packet_len);
+            RFIFOSKIP(sd->sess, packet_len);
             return;
         }
 
-        clif_parse_func_table[cmd].func(fd, sd);
+        clif_parse_func_table[cmd].func(s, sd);
     }
     else
     {
         // 不明なパケット
         if (battle_config.error_log)
         {
-            if (fd)
+            if (s)
                 PRINTF("\nclif_parse: session #%d, packet 0x%x, lenght %d\n",
-                        fd, cmd, packet_len);
+                        s, cmd, packet_len);
 #ifdef DUMP_UNKNOWN_PACKET
             {
                 int i;
@@ -5545,7 +5503,7 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
                 {
                     if ((i & 15) == 0)
                         PRINTF("\n%04X ", i);
-                    PRINTF("%02X ", RFIFOB(fd, i));
+                    PRINTF("%02X ", RFIFOB(s, i));
                 }
                 if (sd && sd->state.auth)
                 {
@@ -5586,7 +5544,7 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
                     {
                         if ((i & 15) == 0)
                             FPRINTF(fp, "\n\t%04X ", i);
-                        FPRINTF(fp, "%02X ", RFIFOB(fd, i));
+                        FPRINTF(fp, "%02X ", RFIFOB(s, i));
                     }
                     FPRINTF(fp, "\n\n");
                 }
@@ -5594,7 +5552,7 @@ void clif_parse(int fd)
 #endif
         }
     }
-    RFIFOSKIP(fd, packet_len);
+    RFIFOSKIP(s, packet_len);
 }
 
 void do_init_clif(void)
diff --git a/src/map/clif.hpp b/src/map/clif.hpp
index ad51fc8..e84adf3 100644
--- a/src/map/clif.hpp
+++ b/src/map/clif.hpp
@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@ void clif_setport(int);
 IP4Address clif_getip(void);
 int clif_getport(void);
 int clif_countusers(void);
-void clif_setwaitclose(int);
+void clif_setwaitclose(Session *);
 
 int clif_authok(dumb_ptr<map_session_data>);
-int clif_authfail_fd(int, int);
+int clif_authfail_fd(Session *, int);
 int clif_charselectok(int);
 int clif_dropflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data>);
-int clif_clearflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data>, int);
+int clif_clearflooritem(dumb_ptr<flooritem_data>, Session *);
 int clif_clearchar(dumb_ptr<block_list>, BeingRemoveWhy); // area or fd
 int clif_clearchar_delay(tick_t, dumb_ptr<block_list>, BeingRemoveWhy);
-void clif_clearchar_id(int, BeingRemoveWhy, int);
+void clif_clearchar_id(int, BeingRemoveWhy, Session *);
 int clif_spawnpc(dumb_ptr<map_session_data>);  //area
 int clif_spawnnpc(dumb_ptr<npc_data>); // area
 int clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ int clif_changeoption(dumb_ptr<block_list>);   // area
 int clif_useitemack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data>, int, int, int);    // self
 
 void clif_emotion(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, int type);
-void clif_sitting(int fd, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
+void clif_sitting(Session *, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 
 // trade
 void clif_traderequest(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, CharName name);
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ int clif_skill_damage(dumb_ptr<block_list> src, dumb_ptr<block_list> dst,
 int clif_status_change(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl,
         StatusChange type, int flag);
 
-void clif_wis_message(int fd, CharName nick, XString mes);
-void clif_wis_end(int fd, int flag);
+void clif_wis_message(Session *s, CharName nick, XString mes);
+void clif_wis_end(Session *s, int flag);
 
 void clif_itemlist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 void clif_equiplist(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ int clif_movetoattack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, dumb_ptr<block_list> bl);
 
 // party
 int clif_party_created(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int flag);
-int clif_party_info(struct party *p, int fd);
+int clif_party_info(struct party *p, Session *s);
 void clif_party_invite(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd,
         dumb_ptr<map_session_data> tsd);
 void clif_party_inviteack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, CharName nick, int flag);
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ int clif_party_xy(struct party *p, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 int clif_party_hp(struct party *p, dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 
 // atcommand
-void clif_displaymessage(int fd, XString mes);
+void clif_displaymessage(Session *s, XString mes);
 void clif_GMmessage(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, XString mes, int flag);
 void clif_resurrection(dumb_ptr<block_list> bl, int type);
 
diff --git a/src/map/intif.cpp b/src/map/intif.cpp
index 8673aef..006be1c 100644
--- a/src/map/intif.cpp
+++ b/src/map/intif.cpp
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ const int packet_len_table[] =
 // Message for all GMs on all map servers
 void intif_GMmessage(XString mes)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3000;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3000;
     size_t len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = 4 + len;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 4, mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = 4 + len;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 4, mes, len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, WFIFOW(char_session, 2));
 }
 
 // The transmission of Wisp/Page to inter-server (player not found on this server)
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ void intif_wis_message(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, CharName nick, ZString mes
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     size_t mes_len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3001;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = mes_len + 52;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 4, sd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 28, nick.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 52, mes, mes_len);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3001;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = mes_len + 52;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 4, sd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 28, nick.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 52, mes, mes_len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, WFIFOW(char_session, 2));
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("intif_wis_message from %s to %s)\n",
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ void intif_wis_message(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, CharName nick, ZString mes
 static
 void intif_wis_replay(int id, int flag)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3002;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOB(char_fd, 6) = flag;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 7);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3002;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOB(char_session, 6) = flag;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 7);
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("intif_wis_replay: id: %d, flag:%d\n", id, flag);
@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ void intif_wis_replay(int id, int flag)
 void intif_wis_message_to_gm(CharName Wisp_name, int min_gm_level, ZString mes)
 {
     size_t mes_len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3003;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = mes_len + 30;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 4, Wisp_name.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 28) = min_gm_level;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 30, mes, mes_len);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3003;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = mes_len + 30;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 4, Wisp_name.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 28) = min_gm_level;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 30, mes, mes_len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, WFIFOW(char_session, 2));
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("intif_wis_message_to_gm: from: '%s', min level: %d, message: '%s'.\n",
@@ -104,15 +104,15 @@ void intif_saveaccountreg(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3004;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = sd->bl_id;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3004;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 4) = sd->bl_id;
     for (j = 0, p = 8; j < sd->status.account_reg_num; j++, p += 36)
     {
-        WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, p, sd->status.account_reg[j].str, 32);
-        WFIFOL(char_fd, p + 32) = sd->status.account_reg[j].value;
+        WFIFO_STRING(char_session, p, sd->status.account_reg[j].str, 32);
+        WFIFOL(char_session, p + 32) = sd->status.account_reg[j].value;
     }
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = p;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, p);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = p;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, p);
 }
 
 // アカウント変数要求
@@ -120,28 +120,28 @@ void intif_request_accountreg(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3005;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl_id;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3005;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = sd->bl_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 6);
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ要求
 void intif_request_storage(int account_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3010;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3010;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 6);
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ送信
 void intif_send_storage(struct storage *stor)
 {
     nullpo_retv(stor);
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3011;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = sizeof(struct storage) + 8;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = stor->account_id;
-    WFIFO_STRUCT(char_fd, 8, *stor);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3011;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = sizeof(struct storage) + 8;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 4) = stor->account_id;
+    WFIFO_STRUCT(char_session, 8, *stor);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, WFIFOW(char_session, 2));
 }
 
 // パーティ作成要求
@@ -149,21 +149,21 @@ void intif_create_party(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, PartyName name)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3020;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 6, name, 24);
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 30, sd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 54, sd->bl_m->name_, 16);
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 70) = sd->status.base_level;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 72);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3020;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 6, name, 24);
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 30, sd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 54, sd->bl_m->name_, 16);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 70) = sd->status.base_level;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 72);
 }
 
 // パーティ情報要求
 void intif_request_partyinfo(int party_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3021;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3021;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 6);
 }
 
 // パーティ追加要求
@@ -173,34 +173,34 @@ void intif_party_addmember(int party_id, int account_id)
     sd = map_id2sd(account_id);
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
-        WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3022;
-        WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
-        WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
-        WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 10, sd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
-        WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 34, sd->bl_m->name_, 16);
-        WFIFOW(char_fd, 50) = sd->status.base_level;
-        WFIFOSET(char_fd, 52);
+        WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3022;
+        WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = party_id;
+        WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = account_id;
+        WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 10, sd->status.name.to__actual(), 24);
+        WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 34, sd->bl_m->name_, 16);
+        WFIFOW(char_session, 50) = sd->status.base_level;
+        WFIFOSET(char_session, 52);
     }
 }
 
 // パーティ設定変更
 void intif_party_changeoption(int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3023;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 10) = exp;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 12) = item;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 14);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3023;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = account_id;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 10) = exp;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 12) = item;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 14);
 }
 
 // パーティ脱退要求
 void intif_party_leave(int party_id, int account_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3024;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 10);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3024;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 10);
 }
 
 // パーティ移動要求
@@ -208,13 +208,13 @@ void intif_party_changemap(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int online)
 {
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
-        WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3025;
-        WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->status.party_id;
-        WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->status.account_id;
-        WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 10, sd->bl_m->name_, 16);
-        WFIFOB(char_fd, 26) = online;
-        WFIFOW(char_fd, 27) = sd->status.base_level;
-        WFIFOSET(char_fd, 29);
+        WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3025;
+        WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = sd->status.party_id;
+        WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = sd->status.account_id;
+        WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 10, sd->bl_m->name_, 16);
+        WFIFOB(char_session, 26) = online;
+        WFIFOW(char_session, 27) = sd->status.base_level;
+        WFIFOSET(char_session, 29);
     }
 }
 
@@ -222,22 +222,22 @@ void intif_party_changemap(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int online)
 void intif_party_message(int party_id, int account_id, XString mes)
 {
     size_t len = mes.size() + 1;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3027;
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = len + 12;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 8) = account_id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 12, mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, len + 12);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3027;
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 2) = len + 12;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 4) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 8) = account_id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 12, mes, len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, len + 12);
 }
 
 // パーティ競合チェック要求
 void intif_party_checkconflict(int party_id, int account_id, CharName nick)
 {
-    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3028;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFO_STRING(char_fd, 10, nick.to__actual(), 24);
-    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 34);
+    WFIFOW(char_session, 0) = 0x3028;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_session, 6) = account_id;
+    WFIFO_STRING(char_session, 10, nick.to__actual(), 24);
+    WFIFOSET(char_session, 34);
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -245,21 +245,21 @@ void intif_party_checkconflict(int party_id, int account_id, CharName nick)
 
 // Wisp/Page reception
 static
-int intif_parse_WisMessage(int fd)
+int intif_parse_WisMessage(Session *s)
 {
     // rewritten by [Yor]
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
 
-    CharName from = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 8));
-    CharName to = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 32));
+    CharName from = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 8));
+    CharName to = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 32));
 
-    size_t len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 56;
-    FString buf = RFIFO_STRING(fd, 56, len);
+    size_t len = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 56;
+    FString buf = RFIFO_STRING(s, 56, len);
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
     {
         PRINTF("intif_parse_wismessage: id: %d, from: %s, to: %s\n",
-             RFIFOL(fd, 4),
+             RFIFOL(s, 4),
              from,
              to);
     }
@@ -270,76 +270,78 @@ int intif_parse_WisMessage(int fd)
         {
             // if source player not found in ignore list
             {
-                clif_wis_message(sd->fd, from, buf);
-                intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(fd, 4), 0);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+                clif_wis_message(sd->sess, from, buf);
+                intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(s, 4), 0);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
             }
         }
     }
     else
-        intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(fd, 4), 1);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+        intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(s, 4), 1);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
     return 0;
 }
 
 // Wisp/page transmission result reception
 static
-int intif_parse_WisEnd(int fd)
+int intif_parse_WisEnd(Session *s)
 {
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
 
-    CharName name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 2));
-    uint8_t flag = RFIFOB(fd, 26);
+    CharName name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 2));
+    uint8_t flag = RFIFOB(s, 26);
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
         PRINTF("intif_parse_wisend: player: %s, flag: %d\n",
                 name, flag);
     sd = map_nick2sd(name);
     if (sd != NULL)
-        clif_wis_end(sd->fd, flag);
+        clif_wis_end(sd->sess, flag);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // Received wisp message from map-server via char-server for ALL gm
 static
-void mapif_parse_WisToGM(int fd)
+void mapif_parse_WisToGM(Session *s)
 {
     // 0x3003/0x3803 <packet_len>.w <wispname>.24B <min_gm_level>.w <message>.?B
     int min_gm_level, len;
 
-    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 30 <= 0)
+    if (RFIFOW(s, 2) - 30 <= 0)
         return;
 
-    len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 30;
+    len = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 30;
 
-    min_gm_level = RFIFOW(fd, 28);
-    CharName Wisp_name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 4));
-    FString message = RFIFO_STRING(fd, 30, len);
+    min_gm_level = RFIFOW(s, 28);
+    CharName Wisp_name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 4));
+    FString message = RFIFO_STRING(s, 30, len);
     // information is sended to all online GM
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        if (!session[i])
+        Session *s2 = session[i].get();
+        if (!s2)
             continue;
-        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(session[i]->session_data.get()));
+        dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = dumb_ptr<map_session_data>(static_cast<map_session_data *>(s2->session_data.get()));
         if (pl_sd && pl_sd->state.auth)
+        {
             if (pc_isGM(pl_sd) >= min_gm_level)
-                clif_wis_message(i, Wisp_name, message);
+                clif_wis_message(s2, Wisp_name, message);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 // アカウント変数通知
 static
-int intif_parse_AccountReg(int fd)
+int intif_parse_AccountReg(Session *s)
 {
     int j, p;
-    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
-
-    if ((sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 4))) == NULL)
+    dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(s, 4));
+    if (sd == NULL)
         return 1;
-    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM;
+    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW(s, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM;
          p += 36, j++)
     {
-        sd->status.account_reg[j].str = stringish<VarName>(RFIFO_STRING<32>(fd, p));
-        sd->status.account_reg[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
+        sd->status.account_reg[j].str = stringish<VarName>(RFIFO_STRING<32>(s, p));
+        sd->status.account_reg[j].value = RFIFOL(s, p + 32);
     }
     sd->status.account_reg_num = j;
 //  PRINTF("intif: accountreg\n");
@@ -349,20 +351,20 @@ int intif_parse_AccountReg(int fd)
 
 // 倉庫データ受信
 static
-int intif_parse_LoadStorage(int fd)
+int intif_parse_LoadStorage(Session *s)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd;
 
-    sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+    sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(s, 4));
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
             PRINTF("intif_parse_LoadStorage: user not found %d\n",
-                    RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+                    RFIFOL(s, 4));
         return 1;
     }
-    stor = account2storage(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+    stor = account2storage(RFIFOL(s, 4));
     if (stor->storage_status == 1)
     {                           // Already open.. lets ignore this update
         if (battle_config.error_log)
@@ -378,16 +380,16 @@ int intif_parse_LoadStorage(int fd)
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 8 != sizeof(struct storage))
+    if (RFIFOW(s, 2) - 8 != sizeof(struct storage))
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
             PRINTF("intif_parse_LoadStorage: data size error %d %zu\n",
-                    RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 8, sizeof(struct storage));
+                    RFIFOW(s, 2) - 8, sizeof(struct storage));
         return 1;
     }
     if (battle_config.save_log)
-        PRINTF("intif_openstorage: %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 4));
-    RFIFO_STRUCT(fd, 8, *stor);
+        PRINTF("intif_openstorage: %d\n", RFIFOL(s, 4));
+    RFIFO_STRUCT(s, 8, *stor);
     stor->dirty = 0;
     stor->storage_status = 1;
     sd->state.storage_open = 1;
@@ -400,77 +402,77 @@ int intif_parse_LoadStorage(int fd)
 
 // 倉庫データ送信成功
 static
-void intif_parse_SaveStorage(int fd)
+void intif_parse_SaveStorage(Session *s)
 {
     if (battle_config.save_log)
-        PRINTF("intif_savestorage: done %d %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 2),
-                RFIFOB(fd, 6));
-    storage_storage_saved(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+        PRINTF("intif_savestorage: done %d %d\n", RFIFOL(s, 2),
+                RFIFOB(s, 6));
+    storage_storage_saved(RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 // パーティ作成可否
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyCreated(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyCreated(Session *s)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("intif: party created\n");
-    int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    int fail = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
-    int party_id = RFIFOL(fd, 7);
-    PartyName name = stringish<PartyName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 11));
+    int account_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    int fail = RFIFOB(s, 6);
+    int party_id = RFIFOL(s, 7);
+    PartyName name = stringish<PartyName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 11));
     party_created(account_id, fail, party_id, name);
 }
 
 // パーティ情報
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyInfo(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyInfo(Session *s)
 {
-    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 8)
+    if (RFIFOW(s, 2) == 8)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            PRINTF("intif: party noinfo %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 4));
-        party_recv_noinfo(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+            PRINTF("intif: party noinfo %d\n", RFIFOL(s, 4));
+        party_recv_noinfo(RFIFOL(s, 4));
         return;
     }
 
 //  PRINTF("intif: party info %d\n",RFIFOL(fd,4));
-    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) != sizeof(struct party) + 4)
+    if (RFIFOW(s, 2) != sizeof(struct party) + 4)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
             PRINTF("intif: party info : data size error %d %d %zu\n",
-                    RFIFOL(fd, 4), RFIFOW(fd, 2),
+                    RFIFOL(s, 4), RFIFOW(s, 2),
                     sizeof(struct party) + 4);
     }
     party p {};
-    RFIFO_STRUCT(fd, 4, p);
+    RFIFO_STRUCT(s, 4, p);
     party_recv_info(&p);
 }
 
 // パーティ追加通知
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded(Session *s)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        PRINTF("intif: party member added %d %d %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 2),
-                RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOB(fd, 10));
-    party_member_added(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOB(fd, 10));
+        PRINTF("intif: party member added %d %d %d\n", RFIFOL(s, 2),
+                RFIFOL(s, 6), RFIFOB(s, 10));
+    party_member_added(RFIFOL(s, 2), RFIFOL(s, 6), RFIFOB(s, 10));
 }
 
 // パーティ設定変更通知
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged(Session *s)
 {
-    party_optionchanged(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOW(fd, 10),
-                         RFIFOW(fd, 12), RFIFOB(fd, 14));
+    party_optionchanged(RFIFOL(s, 2), RFIFOL(s, 6), RFIFOW(s, 10),
+                         RFIFOW(s, 12), RFIFOB(s, 14));
 }
 
 // パーティ脱退通知
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(Session *s)
 {
-    int party_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
-    CharName name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(fd, 10));
+    int party_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    int account_id = RFIFOL(s, 6);
+    CharName name = stringish<CharName>(RFIFO_STRING<24>(s, 10));
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
         PRINTF("intif: party member leaved %d %d %s\n",
                 party_id, account_id, name);
@@ -479,40 +481,40 @@ void intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(int fd)
 
 // パーティ解散通知
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyBroken(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyBroken(Session *s)
 {
-    party_broken(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+    party_broken(RFIFOL(s, 2));
 }
 
 // パーティ移動通知
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyMove(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyMove(Session *s)
 {
-    int party_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
-    int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
-    MapName map = stringish<MapName>(RFIFO_STRING<16>(fd, 10));
-    uint8_t online = RFIFOB(fd, 26);
-    uint16_t lv = RFIFOW(fd, 27);
+    int party_id = RFIFOL(s, 2);
+    int account_id = RFIFOL(s, 6);
+    MapName map = stringish<MapName>(RFIFO_STRING<16>(s, 10));
+    uint8_t online = RFIFOB(s, 26);
+    uint16_t lv = RFIFOW(s, 27);
     party_recv_movemap(party_id, account_id, map, online, lv);
 }
 
 // パーティメッセージ
 static
-void intif_parse_PartyMessage(int fd)
+void intif_parse_PartyMessage(Session *s)
 {
-    size_t len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 12;
-    FString buf = RFIFO_STRING(fd, 12, len);
-    party_recv_message(RFIFOL(fd, 4), RFIFOL(fd, 8), buf);
+    size_t len = RFIFOW(s, 2) - 12;
+    FString buf = RFIFO_STRING(s, 12, len);
+    party_recv_message(RFIFOL(s, 4), RFIFOL(s, 8), buf);
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
 // inter serverからの通信
 // エラーがあれば0(false)を返すこと
 // パケットが処理できれば1,パケット長が足りなければ2を返すこと
-int intif_parse(int fd)
+int intif_parse(Session *s)
 {
     int packet_len;
-    int cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
+    int cmd = RFIFOW(s, 0);
     // パケットのID確認
     if (cmd < 0x3800
         || cmd >=
@@ -525,13 +527,13 @@ int intif_parse(int fd)
     packet_len = packet_len_table[cmd - 0x3800];
     if (packet_len == -1)
     {
-        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
+        if (RFIFOREST(s) < 4)
             return 2;
-        packet_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
+        packet_len = RFIFOW(s, 2);
     }
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
 //      PRINTF("intif_parse %d %x %d %d\n",fd,cmd,packet_len,RFIFOREST(fd));
-    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < packet_len)
+    if (RFIFOREST(s) < packet_len)
     {
         return 2;
     }
@@ -540,59 +542,59 @@ int intif_parse(int fd)
     {
         case 0x3800:
         {
-            FString mes = RFIFO_STRING(fd, 4, packet_len - 4);
+            FString mes = RFIFO_STRING(s, 4, packet_len - 4);
             clif_GMmessage(NULL, mes, 0);
         }
             break;
         case 0x3801:
-            intif_parse_WisMessage(fd);
+            intif_parse_WisMessage(s);
             break;
         case 0x3802:
-            intif_parse_WisEnd(fd);
+            intif_parse_WisEnd(s);
             break;
         case 0x3803:
-            mapif_parse_WisToGM(fd);
+            mapif_parse_WisToGM(s);
             break;
         case 0x3804:
-            intif_parse_AccountReg(fd);
+            intif_parse_AccountReg(s);
             break;
         case 0x3810:
-            intif_parse_LoadStorage(fd);
+            intif_parse_LoadStorage(s);
             break;
         case 0x3811:
-            intif_parse_SaveStorage(fd);
+            intif_parse_SaveStorage(s);
             break;
         case 0x3820:
-            intif_parse_PartyCreated(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyCreated(s);
             break;
         case 0x3821:
-            intif_parse_PartyInfo(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyInfo(s);
             break;
         case 0x3822:
-            intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded(s);
             break;
         case 0x3823:
-            intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged(s);
             break;
         case 0x3824:
-            intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(s);
             break;
         case 0x3825:
-            intif_parse_PartyMove(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMove(s);
             break;
         case 0x3826:
-            intif_parse_PartyBroken(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyBroken(s);
             break;
         case 0x3827:
-            intif_parse_PartyMessage(fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMessage(s);
             break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                PRINTF("intif_parse : unknown packet %d %x\n", fd,
-                        RFIFOW(fd, 0));
+                PRINTF("intif_parse : unknown packet %d %x\n", s,
+                        RFIFOW(s, 0));
             return 0;
     }
     // パケット読み飛ばし
-    RFIFOSKIP(fd, packet_len);
+    RFIFOSKIP(s, packet_len);
     return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/intif.hpp b/src/map/intif.hpp
index 244c230..0fe7182 100644
--- a/src/map/intif.hpp
+++ b/src/map/intif.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 # include "map.hpp"
 
-int intif_parse(int fd);
+int intif_parse(Session *);
 
 void intif_GMmessage(XString mes);
 
diff --git a/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp b/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp
index 682d9bc..945faa9 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ void magic_unshroud(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> other_char)
     other_char->state.shroud_active = 0;
     // Now warp the caster out of and back into here to refresh everyone's display
     char_update(other_char);
-    clif_displaymessage(other_char->fd, "Your shroud has been dispelled!");
+    clif_displaymessage(other_char->sess, "Your shroud has been dispelled!");
 //        entity_effect(other_char, MAGIC_EFFECT_REVEAL);
 }
 
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ int op_message(dumb_ptr<env_t>, const_array<val_t> args)
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> subject = ARGCHAR(0);
 
     if (subject)
-        clif_displaymessage(subject->fd, ARGSTR(1));
+        clif_displaymessage(subject->sess, ARGSTR(1));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ interval_t spell_run(dumb_ptr<invocation> invocation_, int allow_delete)
                     }
                     else
                         invocation_->script_pos = 0;
-                    clif_clearchar_id(invocation_->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD, caster->fd);
+                    clif_clearchar_id(invocation_->bl_id, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD, caster->sess);
                 }
                 REFRESH_INVOCATION; // Script may have killed the caster
                 break;
diff --git a/src/map/map.cpp b/src/map/map.cpp
index d2b604f..3817422 100644
--- a/src/map/map.cpp
+++ b/src/map/map.cpp
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ dumb_ptr<map_session_data> map_get_first_session(void)
 
 dumb_ptr<map_session_data> map_get_next_session(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> d)
 {
-    return map_get_session_forward(d->fd + 1);
+    return map_get_session_forward(d->sess->fd + 1);
 }
 
 dumb_ptr<map_session_data> map_get_last_session(void)
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ dumb_ptr<map_session_data> map_get_last_session(void)
 
 dumb_ptr<map_session_data> map_get_prev_session(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> d)
 {
-    return map_get_session_backward(d->fd - 1);
+    return map_get_session_backward(d->sess->fd - 1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ void term_func(void)
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        delete_session(i);
+        delete_session(session[i].get());
 
     map_removenpc();
 
diff --git a/src/map/map.hpp b/src/map/map.hpp
index 0038e67..897c619 100644
--- a/src/map/map.hpp
+++ b/src/map/map.hpp
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ struct map_session_data : block_list, SessionData
     int weight, max_weight;
     int cart_weight, cart_max_weight, cart_num, cart_max_num;
     MapName mapname_;
-    int fd; // use this, you idiots!
+    Session *sess; // use this, you idiots!
     short to_x, to_y;
     interval_t speed;
     Opt1 opt1;
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ struct map_session_data : block_list, SessionData
 
     IP4Address get_ip()
     {
-        return session[fd]->client_ip;
+        return sess->client_ip;
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/src/map/party.cpp b/src/map/party.cpp
index 9d7cae2..09f103e 100644
--- a/src/map/party.cpp
+++ b/src/map/party.cpp
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ int party_recv_info(const struct party *sp)
                            && sd->status.party_id == p->party_id) ? sd.operator->() : NULL;
     }
 
-    clif_party_info(p, -1);
+    clif_party_info(p, nullptr);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {                           // 設定情報の送信
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ int party_invite(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int account_id)
 
     nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (!tsd || !p || !tsd->fd)
+    if (!tsd || !p || !tsd->sess)
         return 0;
 
     if (!battle_config.invite_request_check)
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ void party_recv_movemap(int party_id, int account_id, MapName mapname,
 
     party_send_xy_clear(p);    // 座標再通知要請
 
-    clif_party_info(p, -1);
+    clif_party_info(p, nullptr);
 }
 
 // パーティメンバの移動
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ int party_send_movemap(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         party_check_member(p); // 所属を確認する
         if (sd->status.party_id == p->party_id)
         {
-            clif_party_info(p, sd->fd);
+            clif_party_info(p, sd->sess);
             clif_party_option(p, sd, 0x100);
             sd->party_sended = 1;
         }
diff --git a/src/map/pc.cpp b/src/map/pc.cpp
index 73639dd..168d124 100644
--- a/src/map/pc.cpp
+++ b/src/map/pc.cpp
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ int pc_authok(int id, int login_id2, TimeT connect_until_time,
 
     if (sd->status.sex != sd->sex)
     {
-        clif_authfail_fd(sd->fd, 0);
+        clif_authfail_fd(sd->sess, 0);
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -690,10 +690,10 @@ int pc_authok(int id, int login_id2, TimeT connect_until_time,
         // This would leak information.
         // It's better to make it obvious that players can see you.
         if (false && bool(old_option & Option::INVISIBILITY))
-            is_atcommand(sd->fd, sd, "@invisible", 0);
+            is_atcommand(sd->sess, sd, "@invisible", 0);
 
         if (bool(old_option & Option::HIDE))
-            is_atcommand(sd->fd, sd, "@hide", 0);
+            is_atcommand(sd->sess, sd, "@hide", 0);
         // atcommand_hide might already send it, but also might not
         clif_changeoption(sd);
     }
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ int pc_authok(int id, int login_id2, TimeT connect_until_time,
         char tmpstr[] = WITH_TIMESTAMP("Your account time limit is: ");
         REPLACE_TIMESTAMP(tmpstr, connect_until_time);
 
-        clif_wis_message(sd->fd, wisp_server_name, const_(tmpstr));
+        clif_wis_message(sd->sess, wisp_server_name, const_(tmpstr));
     }
     pc_calcstatus(sd, 1);
 
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ void pc_show_motd(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
         FString buf;
         while (in.getline(buf))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, buf);
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, buf);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ int pc_authfail(int id)
     if (sd == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    clif_authfail_fd(sd->fd, 0);
+    clif_authfail_fd(sd->sess, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2890,7 +2890,7 @@ int pc_attack(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int target_id, int type)
 
     if (bl->bl_type == BL::NPC)
     {                           // monster npcs [Valaris]
-        npc_click(sd, RFIFOL(sd->fd, 2));
+        npc_click(sd, RFIFOL(sd->sess, 2));
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -3097,7 +3097,7 @@ int pc_gainexp_reason(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int base_exp, int job_exp,
         FString output = STRPRINTF(
                 "Experienced Gained Base:%d Job:%d",
                 base_exp, job_exp);
-        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, output);
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -5201,13 +5201,13 @@ void pc_autosave_sub(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd)
 {
     nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (save_flag == 0 && sd->fd > last_save_fd)
+    if (save_flag == 0 && sd->sess->fd > last_save_fd)
     {
         pc_makesavestatus(sd);
         chrif_save(sd);
 
         save_flag = 1;
-        last_save_fd = sd->fd;
+        last_save_fd = sd->sess->fd;
     }
 }
 
@@ -5221,7 +5221,7 @@ void pc_autosave(TimerData *, tick_t)
     save_flag = 0;
     clif_foreachclient(pc_autosave_sub);
     if (save_flag == 0)
-        last_save_fd = 0;
+        last_save_fd = -1;
 
     interval_t interval = autosave_time / (clif_countusers() + 1);
     if (interval <= interval_t::zero())
@@ -5231,15 +5231,15 @@ void pc_autosave(TimerData *, tick_t)
     ).detach();
 }
 
-int pc_read_gm_account(int fd)
+int pc_read_gm_account(Session *s)
 {
     gm_accountm.clear();
 
     // (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 5
-    for (int i = 4; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i += 5)
+    for (int i = 4; i < RFIFOW(s, 2); i += 5)
     {
-        int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, i);
-        uint8_t level = RFIFOB(fd, i + 4);
+        int account_id = RFIFOL(s, i);
+        uint8_t level = RFIFOB(s, i + 4);
         gm_accountm[account_id] = level;
     }
     return gm_accountm.size();
diff --git a/src/map/pc.hpp b/src/map/pc.hpp
index 54394a2..48ba8f3 100644
--- a/src/map/pc.hpp
+++ b/src/map/pc.hpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int pc_setrestartvalue(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int type);
 void pc_makesavestatus(dumb_ptr<map_session_data>);
 int pc_setnewpc(dumb_ptr<map_session_data>, int, int, int, tick_t, SEX);
 int pc_authok(int, int, TimeT, short tmw_version, const struct mmo_charstatus *);
-int pc_authfail(int);
+int pc_authfail(int accid);
 
 EPOS pc_equippoint(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, int n);
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ void pc_set_gm_level(int account_id, uint8_t level);
 void pc_setstand(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 void pc_cleanup(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);  // [Fate] Clean up after a logged-out PC
 
-int pc_read_gm_account(int fd);
+int pc_read_gm_account(Session *);
 int pc_setinvincibletimer(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, interval_t);
 int pc_delinvincibletimer(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);
 int pc_logout(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd);   // [fate] Player logs out
diff --git a/src/map/script.cpp b/src/map/script.cpp
index 279e541..6bd4543 100644
--- a/src/map/script.cpp
+++ b/src/map/script.cpp
@@ -3857,7 +3857,7 @@ void builtin_gmcommand(ScriptState *st)
     sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     dumb_string cmd = conv_str(st, &AARGO2(2));
 
-    is_atcommand(sd->fd, sd, cmd, 99);
+    is_atcommand(sd->sess, sd, cmd, 99);
 
 }
 
@@ -3914,7 +3914,7 @@ void builtin_message(ScriptState *st)
     dumb_ptr<map_session_data> pl_sd = map_nick2sd(player);
     if (pl_sd == NULL)
         return;
-    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, msg);
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->sess, msg);
 
 }
 
diff --git a/src/map/tmw.cpp b/src/map/tmw.cpp
index 9841a75..7e661bb 100644
--- a/src/map/tmw.cpp
+++ b/src/map/tmw.cpp
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ int tmw_CheckChatSpam(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, XString message)
         (sd->chat_lines_in >= battle_config.chat_spam_warn
          || sd->chat_total_repeats >= battle_config.chat_spam_warn))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "WARNING: You are about to be automatically banned for spam!");
-        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "WARNING: Please slow down, do not repeat, and do not SHOUT!");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "WARNING: You are about to be automatically banned for spam!");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, "WARNING: Please slow down, do not repeat, and do not SHOUT!");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ void tmw_AutoBan(dumb_ptr<map_session_data> sd, ZString reason, int length)
     FString anotherbuf = STRPRINTF("You have been banned for %s spamming. Please do not spam.",
             reason);
 
-    clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, anotherbuf);
+    clif_displaymessage(sd->sess, anotherbuf);
     /* type: 2 - ban(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) */
     HumanTimeDiff ban_len {};
     ban_len.hour = length;
     chrif_char_ask_name(-1, sd->status.name, 2, ban_len);
-    clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd);
+    clif_setwaitclose(sd->sess);
 }
 
 // Returns true if more than 50% of input message is caps or punctuation