157 files changed, 28931 insertions, 76830 deletions

diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
index 09037ed..2722936 100644
--- a/.travis.yml
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -12,14 +12,11 @@ notifications:
     on_failure: always
   ## Are we going to want this on or off?
   irc:
-    # TMW irc doesn't work for some reason; freenode does ...
-    # I'm leaving it like this because it's what I'd like to use.
-    channels:   "irc.themanaworld.org#tmw-dev"
+    channels:   "chat.freenode.net#tmwa"
     on_success: always
     on_failure: always
 
 ## Commands before installing prerequisites
-before_install: export CC=${REAL_CC} CXX=${REAL_CXX}
 # before_install: git submodule update --init --recursive
 
 ## Install prerequisites
@@ -39,26 +36,22 @@ install:
 
 ## Main test script
 script:
-  - make -k -j2 CC=${REAL_CC} CXX=${REAL_CXX}
+  - make -k -j2 CXX=${REAL_CXX} CPPFLAGS=-DQUIET
 
 ## Do something after the main test script
 # after_script: ...
 
 ### The rest of the file creates a build matrix
-### containing gcc-4.4 through gcc-4.7 and clang-3.1
+### containing gcc-4.6 through gcc-4.7 and clang-3.1
 
 ## This doesn't work - travis defaults to plain gcc if unknown
-# compiler: gcc-4.4
-# compiler: gcc-4.5
 # compiler: gcc-4.6
 # compiler: gcc-4.7
 # compiler: clang
 
 ## Environment variables to expand the build matrix
-## Needed because compiler: gcc overwrites CC and CXX
+## Needed because 'compiler: gcc' overwrites CXX
 env:
-  - REAL_CC=gcc-4.4 REAL_CXX=g++-4.4
-  - REAL_CC=gcc-4.5 REAL_CXX=g++-4.5
-  - REAL_CC=gcc-4.6 REAL_CXX=g++-4.6
-  - REAL_CC=gcc-4.7 REAL_CXX=g++-4.7
-  - REAL_CC=clang   REAL_CXX=clang++
+  - REAL_CXX=g++-4.6
+  - REAL_CXX=g++-4.7
+  - REAL_CXX=clang++
diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5bc77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+TmwAthena - an MMORPG server
+
+This software is available under GPL3+. See gpl-3.0.txt for specifics.
+
+
+History:
+
+Originally, tmwAthena was forked from eAthena in 2004.
+We don't have a list of copyright holders from this time.
+
+Until 2012, tmwAthena was GPL2+ and did not put per-file copyright notices.
+A list of copyright holders during this time is in the git history.
diff --git a/GNUmakefile b/Makefile
index bf270b4..56ab981 100644
--- a/GNUmakefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ default: login-server char-server map-server ladmin eathena-monitor
 .DELETE_ON_ERROR:
 include make.defs
 
-.PHONY: all clean common
+.PHONY: all clean common most
 # With no prerequisites, no target should ever be implicitly deleted.
 # With any prerequisites, those targets won't be (no patterns).
 .SECONDARY:
@@ -36,17 +36,15 @@ ${BUILD_DIR}/map/%.o: src/map/%.cpp | ${BUILD_DIR}/map/.
 	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<
 ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/%.o: src/tool/%.cpp | ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/.
 	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<
-${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/%.o: src/webserver/%.cpp | ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/.
-	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<
-${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/pages/%.o: src/webserver/pages/%.cpp | ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/pages/.
-	$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<
 
-PROGS = login-server char-server map-server ladmin eathena-monitor webserver
+MOSTPROGS = login-server char-server ladmin eathena-monitor
+PROGS = ${MOSTPROGS} map-server
 # Things to actually make
 all: ${PROGS}
+most: ${MOSTPROGS}
 clean:
 	rm -rf ${PROGS} ${BUILD_DIR}/
-common: ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/grfio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/mt_rand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/nullpo.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o
+common: ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/random.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/nullpo.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/cxxstdio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/extract.o
 
 # Top level programs
 login-server: ${BUILD_DIR}/login/login
@@ -59,20 +57,16 @@ ladmin: ${BUILD_DIR}/ladmin/ladmin
 	cp -f $< $@
 eathena-monitor: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/eathena-monitor
 	cp -f $< $@
-webserver: ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/main
-	cp -f $< $@
 
 # Executable dependencies - generated by hand
-${BUILD_DIR}/char/char: ${BUILD_DIR}/char/char.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/inter.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_guild.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_storage.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/mt_rand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/ladmin/ladmin: ${BUILD_DIR}/ladmin/ladmin.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/mt_rand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/login/login: ${BUILD_DIR}/login/login.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/mt_rand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/map/map: ${BUILD_DIR}/map/map.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/tmw.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-parser.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-base.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-expr.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-stmt.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/map.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/chrif.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/clif.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/pc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/npc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/chat.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/path.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/itemdb.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/mob.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/script.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/storage.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/skill.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/skill-pools.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/atcommand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/battle.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/intif.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/trade.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/guild.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/grfio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/nullpo.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/mt_rand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/tool/eathena-monitor: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/eathena-monitor.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/tool/adduser: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/adduser.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/tool/itemfrob: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/itemfrob.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/inter.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_guild.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_storage.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/tool/mapfrob: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/mapfrob.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/inter.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_guild.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_storage.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/tool/marriage-info: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/marriage-info.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/inter.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_guild.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_storage.o
-${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/main: ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/main.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/parse.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/generate.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/htmlstyle.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/logs.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/pages/about.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/pages/sample.o ${BUILD_DIR}/webserver/pages/notdone.o
+${BUILD_DIR}/char/char: ${BUILD_DIR}/char/char.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/inter.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/char/int_storage.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/random.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/cxxstdio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/extract.o
+${BUILD_DIR}/ladmin/ladmin: ${BUILD_DIR}/ladmin/ladmin.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/random.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/cxxstdio.o
+${BUILD_DIR}/login/login: ${BUILD_DIR}/login/login.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/random.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/cxxstdio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/extract.o
+${BUILD_DIR}/map/map: ${BUILD_DIR}/map/map.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/tmw.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-parser.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-base.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-expr.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-stmt.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/map.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/chrif.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/clif.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/pc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/npc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/chat.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/path.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/itemdb.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/mob.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/script.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/storage.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/skill.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/skill-pools.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/atcommand.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/battle.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/intif.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/trade.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/party.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/core.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/socket.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/timer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/grfio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/db.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/lock.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/nullpo.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/random.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/md5calc.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/cxxstdio.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/extract.o
+${BUILD_DIR}/tool/eathena-monitor: ${BUILD_DIR}/tool/eathena-monitor.o ${BUILD_DIR}/common/utils.o
+
+# silence build warnings for code beyond my control
+${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.o ${BUILD_DIR}/map/magic-interpreter-parser.o : override WARNINGS=
 
 # deps.make is *NOT* automatically rebuilt normally
 # but the generated source files do need to be done first
@@ -80,10 +74,12 @@ deps.make: src/map/magic-interpreter-parser.cpp src/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.
 	for F in `find src/ -name '*.cpp'`; do \
 	    ${CXX} ${CPPFLAGS} -MM "$$F" -MT "$$(sed 's/src/$${BUILD_DIR}/;s/\.cpp/.o/' <<< "$$F")"; \
 	done > deps.make
+	echo '# vim: filetype=make' >> deps.make
 
 include deps.make
 
 prefix=/usr/local
+BACKUPS=numbered
 install:
 	install -d ${prefix}/bin/
-	install -t ${prefix}/bin/ $(wildcard ${PROGS})
+	install --backup=${BACKUPS} -t ${prefix}/bin/ $(wildcard ${PROGS})
diff --git a/README b/README
index d5b7a65..78cf174 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,32 +1,2 @@
-COMPILING TMW-EATHENA
-
-In addition to the basic build tools (GCC, Make, headers, ...), Bison, and
-Flex are needed. On Debian derivates, do:
-
-  sudo apt-get install build-essential flex bison
-
-In addition, on 64-bit machines you need 32-bit compatibility headers. On
-Debian derivatives you need to install libc6-dev-i386:
-
-  sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386
-
-If you're using make 3.81 instead of 3.82 (which isn't very unlikely), you
-will have to run the following command before running 'make':
-
-  mkdir -p obj/{common,login,char,map,ladmin,tool}
-
-Finally, you're ready to run:
-
-  make
-
-
-SERVER DATA AND CONFIGURATION
-
-This is just tmwAthena. We store our scripts, item and monster databases, etc.
-in a separate git repository called tmw-eathena-data, available at:
-
- http://github.com/themanaworld/tmwa-server-data
-
-Note that this repository contains more than just the contents of this data
-directory. Either set up symbolic links or just copy the server executables
-into it.
+For usage instructions, see:
+http://wiki.themanaworld.org/index.php/How_to_Develop
diff --git a/doc/LICENCE b/doc/LICENCE
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b6e7c6..0000000
--- a/doc/LICENCE
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-		       Version 2, June 1991
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-                       59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
- Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
- of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-			    Preamble
-
-  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
-freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
-License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
-software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
-General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
-Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
-using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
-the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
-your programs, too.
-
-  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
-price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
-have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
-this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
-if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
-in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
-
-  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
-anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
-These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
-distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
-
-  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
-gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
-you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
-source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
-rights.
-
-  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
-(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
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-
-  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
-that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
-software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
-want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
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-authors' reputations.
-
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-patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
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-
-		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
-
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-a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
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-			    NO WARRANTY
-
-  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
-FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
-OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
-PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
-OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
-TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
-PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
-REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
-
-  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
-WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
-REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
-INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
-OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
-TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
-YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
-PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
-POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
-
-		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
-
-  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
-possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
-free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
-
-  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
-to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
-convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
-the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
-
-    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
-    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
-
-
-Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
-
-If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
-when it starts in an interactive mode:
-
-    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
-    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
-    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
-    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
-
-The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
-parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
-be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
-mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
-
-You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
-school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
-necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
-
-  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
-  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
-
-  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
-  Ty Coon, President of Vice
-
-This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
-proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
-consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
-library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
-Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/doc/LICENCE_JA b/doc/LICENCE_JA
deleted file mode 100644
index fcf6801..0000000
--- a/doc/LICENCE_JA
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,416 +0,0 @@
-                    GNU 一般公衆利用許諾契約書
-                       �ージョン2�1991年6月
-                       日本語訳�2002年5月20日
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-                       59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
- ��利用許諾契約書を�一字一������複製�頒布�る���許��る。
- ���変更�����。
-
- This is an unofficial translation of the GNU General Public License
- into Japanese.  It was not published by the Free Software Foundation,
- and does not legally state the distribution terms for software that
- uses the GNU GPL--only the original English text of the GNU GPL does
- that. However, we hope that this translation will help Japanese
- speakers understand the GNU GPL better.
-
- (訳: 以下�GNU General Public License��公��日本語訳��。�れ�フ
- リーソフトウェア財団(the Free Software Foundataion)�よ��発表�れ�
- も������GNU GPLを�用��ソフトウェア�頒布�件を法的�有効�形
- �述��も����り��ん。頒布�件����GNU GPL�英語版テキスト�
- 指定�れ��るも����有効��。�����ら�������翻訳��
- 日本語を使用�る人々����GNU GPLをより良��解�る助���る��を
- 望ん����。)
-
- 翻訳� 八田真行<mhatta@gnu.org>�行��。原文�
- http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt��る。誤訳�指摘や改善案を歓迎�
- る。
-                            ����
-
-ソフトウェア��ライセンス�大���������ソフトウェアを共有��
-り変更��り�る自由を奪�よ��設計�れ����。対照的��GNU 一般公
-衆利用許諾契約書������フリーソフトウェアを共有��り変更��り�
-る自由を�証�る--�����ソフトウェア���ユーザ�������フリー
-��る��を�証�る��を目的������。��一般公衆利用許諾契約書
-�フリーソフトウェア財団�ソフトウェア���ん���用�れ��り���
-GNU GPLを�用�る�決��フリーソフトウェア財団以外�作者�よるプログ
-ラム�も�用�れ����(�����フリーソフトウェア財団�ソフトウェ
-ア���GNU GPL����GNU ライブラリ一般公衆利用許諾契約書��用�れ
-��る��も�り��)。���も����自分�プログラム�GNU GPLを�用
-�る����能��。
-
-����フリーソフトウェア�言�����れ�利用�自由����言���
-�る������価格��題������ん。����一般公衆利用許諾契約
-書������フリーソフトウェア�複製物を頒布�る自由を�証�るよ�設
-計�れ����(希望�応����種�サービス�手数料を課�自由も�証�
-れ��)。�������ソースコードを���る���る��望���れを
-入手�る����能��る����������ソフトウェアを変更����
-一部を新��フリー�プログラム�利用��る����������以上�述
-��よ�������る����������知ら�れる�����も�証�
-れ��。
-
-����権利を守る�������誰������有�る�れら�権利を�定
-�る��や��れら�権利を放棄�るよ��求�る��を�止�る���制�
-を加�る必���り��。よ�������ソフトウェア�複製物を頒布��
-り�れを変更��り�る場�����れら�制����������る種�責
-任�発生�る����り��。
-
-例�������フリー�プログラム�複製物を頒布�る場��有料�無料�
-関�ら������自分�有�る権利を全��領者�与���れ��り��ん。
-�������彼らもソースコードを���る�手�入れる�����るよ�
-�証���れ��り��ん。��������彼ら�対��以下�述�る�件
-を示��彼ら�自ら���権利����知ら��るよ�����れ��り��
-ん。
-
-��������権利を二段階�手順を�ん��護���。(1) ��ソフトウェ
-ア�対��著作権を主張����� (2) ����対���ソフトウェア�複
-製や頒布���改変�����法的�許�を与�る��契約書を�示���。
-
-����作者や���を�護�る���������フリーソフトウェア��
-何��証も無������を誰も�確実��解�るよ������ソフトウェ
-ア�誰�他人�よ��改変�れ��れ�次々�頒布�れ�������も��
-��領者�彼ら�手�入れ�ソフトウェア�オリジナル��ージョン��無�
-������原作者��声�他人�よ����込�れ��能性��る�題�よ�
-�影響�れる����������を周知���������。
-
-最後��ソフトウェア特許����るフリー�プログラム�存在�も�断�脅
-�を投��������������フリー�プログラム��頒布者�個々�
-特許ライセンスを�得�る���よ���事実上プログラムを独�的����
-������険を���������。�����事態を予防�る�����
-�����る特許も誰も�自由�利用��るよ�ライセンス�れる��全�ラ
-イセンス�れ������ら����れ��ら����を明確�����。
-
-(訳注: 本契約書�「独�的(proprietary)����ソフトウェア�利用や�頒
-布�改変��止�れ��る��許�を得る���必���れ��る���る�
-�厳��制��課�られ���自由����る���事実上��������
-る状態���を指�。詳���
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/categories.ja.html#ProprietarySoftwareã‚’
-�照�よ。)
-
-複製や頒布�改変�����正確��件�制約を以下�述������。
-
-                    GNU 一般公衆利用許諾契約書
-                 複製�頒布�改変�関�る�件�制約
-
-0. ��利用許諾契約書����プログラム(�����他�著作物)を��一
-般公衆利用許諾契約書�定�る�件�下�頒布��る���告知�著作権者�
-よ��記載�れ�プログラム�����他�著作物全般��用�れる。以下�
-��「『プログラム������よ������契約書��用�れ�プログラ
-ムや著作物全般を�味����「『プログラム�を基���著作物���『プ
-ログラム�や��他著作権法�下�派生物�見��れるも�全般を指�。��
-���『プログラム����一部を�全��一�����改変を加�����
-る��他�言語�翻訳�れ�形��む著作物�����る(「改変����語
-�本���味�ら��れる��以下��翻訳も改変�一種�見��)。�れ�
-れ�契約者�「�����表��れる。
-
-複製や頒布�改変以外�活動���契約書��カ�ー�れ��。�れら���
-契約書�対象外��る。『プログラム�を実行�る行為自体�制����。�
-����よ��『プログラム��出力�果����内容�『プログラム�を基
-���著作物を構��る場�����契約書�よ���護�れる(『プログラ
-ム�を実行�����よ��作��れ��������無関係��る)。��
-よ��線引��妥当性��『プログラム��何を�る����存�る。
-
-1. �れ�れ�複製物�����切�著作権表示��証���声明(disclaimer
-of warranty)を目立�よ��切�掲載������契約書�よ�一切��証�
-�在�触れ�告知���を����残�������契約書�複製物を『プロ
-グラム�����る�領者�も『プログラム��共�頒布�る�り�����
-『プログラム��ソースコード�複製物を����������通り�形�複
-製���頒布�る�����る。媒体�����。
-
-�����物�的�複製物を譲渡�る���行為�関��手数料を課��も良
-���希望�よ���手数料を���交����る�護��証を�供��も良
-�。
-
-2. ����自分�『プログラム��複製物���一部を改変��『プログラ
-ム�を基���著作物を形�����よ��改変点や著作物を上記第1節�定
-�る�件�下�複製���頒布�る�����る。����������以下
-��件���を満������れ��ら��:
-
-    a) �����れら�ファイルを変更��������変更��日時�良
-    �分�るよ��改変�れ�ファイル�告示���れ��ら��。
-
-    b) 『プログラム������一部を�む著作物��る��『プログラム�
-    ���一部�ら派生��著作物を頒布�る��発表�る場������全
-    体を��契約書��件�従��第三者�無償�利用許諾���れ��ら�
-    �。
-
-    c) 改変�れ�プログラム��通常実行�る際�対話的�コマンドを読む
-    よ������る�ら����プログラムを最も一般的�方法�対話的�
-    実行�る際��切�著作権表示�無�証��る��(�る�������
-    証を�供�る�����)�ユーザ�プログラムを��契約書�述���
-    件�下�頒布�る�����る�����������契約書�複製物を
-    閲覧�る������らよ�����ユーザ��説明を�む告知��刷�
-    れる���る��画��表示�れるよ�����れ��ら��(例外��
-    ��『プログラム���も��対話的����も通常��よ��告知を�
-    刷���場����『プログラム�を基�������著作物���よ�
-    �告知を�刷��る必����)。
-
-以上�必��件�全体����改変�れ�著作物��用�れる。著作物�一部
-�『プログラム��ら派生��も������確�����れら自身別�独立
-��著作物��る���的�考�られる�ら�������れらを別�著作物
-���分��頒布�る場�������部分����契約書����件�
-�用�れ��。����������部分を『プログラム�を基���著作物
-全体�一部���頒布�る�ら��全体����頒布物����契約書�
-課��件�従���れ��ら��。��������契約書�他�契約者
-�与�る許��『プログラム�丸��全体����誰�書����関係���
-部分����を�護�る�ら��る。
-
-よ����������よ��書�れ�著作物�対��権利を主張��り��
-��権利�異議を申�立�る�����節��図�る�������。む���
-��趣旨�『プログラム�を基���派生物���集�著作物�頒布を管��
-る権利を行使�る�������る。
-
-���『プログラム�を基��������他�著作物を『プログラム�(�
-る��『プログラム�を基���著作物)�一緒�集�����も�を一巻�
-�管装置���頒布媒体����も���他�著作物����契約書��
-護�る対象��る��������ら��。
-
-3. ����上記第1節�よ�2節��件�従��『プログラム�(�る��第2
-節���る派生物)をオブジェクトコード���実行形��複製���頒布�
-る�����る。������場�����以下����れ�一�を実施��
-�れ��ら��:
-
-    a) 著作物��『プログラム��対応��完全��機械�読��り�能�
-    ソースコードを添付�る。����ソースコード�上記第1節�よ�2節�
-    �件�従�ソフトウェア�交��習慣的�使�れる媒体�頒布���れ�
-    �ら��。�る���
-
-    b) 著作物�����る第三者�対��も�『プログラム��対応��完
-    全��機械�読��り�能�ソースコードを�頒布���る物�的コスト
-    を上回ら��程度�手数料�引�����供�る旨述��少���も3年
-    間�有効�書�����申�出を添�る。����ソースコード�上記第
-    1節�よ�2節��件�従�ソフトウェア�交��習慣的�使�れる媒体�
-    頒布���れ��ら��。�る���
-
-    c) 対応�るソースコード頒布�申�出�際�������得�情報を一
-    緒�引�渡�(���択肢��営利を目的����頒布��������
-    ���上記�節b�指定�れ��るよ��申�出�共�オブジェクトコー
-    ド�る��実行形��プログラム��入手�����場���り許��れ
-    る)。
-
-著作物�ソースコード����れ�対��改変を加�る上�好�����れる
-著作物�形�を�味�る。�る実行形��著作物����完全�ソースコード
-����れ��むモジュール����ソースコード全部�加��関連�るイン
-ターフェース定義ファイル�����ライブラリ�コンパイルやインストール
-を制御�る���使�れるスクリプトをも加��も�を�味�る。���特別
-�例外������コン�ー�ント自体�実行形��付��る���無��り�
-頒布�れるも��中��実行形��実行�れるオペレーティングシステム�主
-��コン�ー�ント(コンパイラやカー�ル等)�通常一緒�(ソース��イナ
-リ形����ら��)頒布�れるも�を�ん��る必������る。
-
-実行形����オブジェクトコード�頒布��指定�れ�場所�らコピー�る
-���アクセス手段を�供�る���為�れる������上�ソースコード
-も�等�アクセス手段�よ����場所�らコピー��るよ������る�
-ら��第三者�オブジェクトコード�一緒�ソースも強制的�コピー��られ
-るよ���������もソースコード頒布��件を満����るも���る。
-
-4. ����『プログラム�を���契約書����明確��示�れ�行
-為を除�複製や改変�サブライセンス��る��頒布����ら��。他�
-『プログラム�を複製や改変�サブライセンス��る��頒布�る�����
-�無効��り���契約書�下������権利を自動的�終���る�
-�����。����複製物や権利を��契約書�従������ら得�
-人々�関������よ��人々���契約書�完全�従���る�り彼
-ら�ライセンス��終��る�����。
-
-5. ������契約書を�諾�る必��無�。�����������
-れ�署�������ら��る。������契約書以外�����対�
-�『プログラム�や��派生物を変更�頒布�る許�を与�るも��存在��
-�。�れら�行為��������契約書を��入れ���り法�よ��
-��られ��る。����『プログラム�(�る��『プログラム�を基��
-�著作物����)を改変���頒布�る���より�����自分���よ
-��行為を行������契約書を�諾�����������『プログ
-ラム���れ�基��著作物�複製や頒布�改変������契約書�課
-�制約��件を�����入れ������を示��も��見��。
-
-6. ����『プログラム�(���『プログラム�を基���著作物全般)を
-�頒布�る�������領者�元々�ライセンス許�者�ら���契約書�
-指定�れ��件�制約�下�『プログラム�を複製や頒布��る��改変�る
-許�を自動的�得るも���る。������領者������られ�権利を
-行使�る���関���れ以上他����る制�も課��������。��
-����第三者���契約書�従���を強制�る責任���。
-
-7. 特許侵害�る����他��由(特許関係��ら��)�ら��判所�判決
-�る��申�立���果�������(�判所命令や契約���より)��契
-約書��件�矛盾�る制約�課�れ�場��も�������契約書��件を
-�除�れる������。も���契約書�下�����課�られ�責任�他
-�関連�る責任を�時�満��よ��形�頒布�����ら���果����
-���『プログラム�を頒布�る���全������������る。例�
-�特許ライセンス������ら直接間接を���コピーを�����人�誰
-�も『プログラム�を使用料無料��頒布�る��を������場����
-����制約���契約書を両方�も満����『プログラム��頒布を完全
-�中止�る�������。
-
-��節�一部分�特定�状��下�無効���実施��能�場��も�節�残
-り�部分��用�れるよ��図�れ��る。��他�状���節�全体���
-�用�れるよ��図�れ��る。
-
-特許や��他�財産権を侵害��り���よ��権利�主張�効力�異議を唱
-��り�るよ����を誘惑�る�����節�目的����。��節���
-人々�よ��ライセンス慣行���実��れ����フリーソフトウェア頒布
-�システム�完全性を護る���目的����。多��人々��フリーソフト
-ウェア�頒布システム�首尾一貫���用�れ��る���信頼�基����
-�システムを通��頒布�れる多様�ソフトウェア�寛大�貢献を�����
-�事実��る��人���よ��システムを通��ソフトウェアを頒布���
-���������も作者/寄与者次第��り������択を押���る�
-������。
-
-��節����契約書���節以外�部分�一帰���る�考�られるケー
-スを徹底的�明ら���る��を目的����る。
-
-8. 『プログラム��頒布や利用���る国�����特許���著作権�主
-張�れ�インターフェース���れ��よ��制��れ��る場��『プログ
-ラム����契約書を�用��元�著作権者�������国々を排除�
-�明確�地�的頒布制�を加�����排除�れ����国�中や�れら�国々
-�間���頒布�許��れるよ����も構���。��場����よ��制
-����契約書本文�書�れ��る���様�見��れる。
-
-9. フリーソフトウェア財団��時�よ��改訂���新版�一般公衆利用許
-諾書を発表�る�����る。��よ��新版��在��ージョン���精神
-�����似�も���る�����新���題や懸念を解決�る��細部�
-�異�る�能性��る。
-
-�れ�れ��ージョン���見分��付�よ���ージョン番��振られ��
-る。『プログラム������れ��用�れる��契約書��ージョン番��
-指定�れ����更�「�れ以�����る�ージョン�も�用��良����
-���場������従��件�制約����指定��ージョン��フリーソ
-フトウェア財団�よ��発行�れ�指定��ージョン以��版��れ�一��
-��ら�を�����出�る。『プログラム��ライセンス��ージョン番�
-�指定�れ�����ら������今���フリーソフトウェア財団�ら発
-行�れ��ージョン�中�ら好���ん�構���。
-
-10. も�����『プログラム��一部を���頒布�件���契約書�
-異�る他�フリー�プログラム�統�����ら��作者�連絡��許�を求
-�よ。フリーソフトウェア財団�著作権を�有�るソフトウェア������
-フリーソフトウェア財団�連絡�よ。�������よ��場�����特別
-�例外を設�る��も�る。����決定を下������������フリー
-ソフトウェア�派生物����フリー�状態���れる�������一般的
-�ソフトウェア�共有��利用を促進�る���二��目標を�準�検討�れ
-る����。
-                            無�証����
-
-11. 『プログラム��代価無��利用�許��れる����切�法���る�
-り�����『プログラム��関�る���る�証も存在���。書��別�
-述�る場�を除���著作権者������他�団体��『プログラム�を�
-表明�れ��言外�������商業的�性を�証�る�����や�る特定
-�目的����性(��られ��)を�む一切��証無��「�る������
-供�る。『プログラム��質�性能�関�るリスク���������帰属�
-る。『プログラム��欠陥��る�判明��場������必���守点検や
-補修�修正���るコスト����を引���る����る。
-
-12. �切�法�書������よ��命�られ���り�著作権者����上
-記�許��れ��る通り�『プログラム�を改変����頒布����他�団
-体������対��『プログラム��利用���利用�能�生��一般的�
-特別的��然的�必然的��害(データ�消失や�正確�処������第三
-者�被���失��る��『プログラム��他�ソフトウェア�一緒�動作�
-������具���を�む��れら��ら��)�一切�責任を負���。
-��よ���害�生�る�能性����彼ら�忠告�れ������も�様�
-�る。
-
-                          �件�制約終�り
-
-            以上��項を����新��プログラム��用�る方法
-
-����新��プログラムを開発������公衆�よ���れ�利用�れる
-�能性を最大�����ら���プログラムを��契約書��項�従��
-誰�も�頒布�る��変更��るよ�フリーソフトウェア��る��最善��。
-
-�������プログラム�以下�よ��表示を添付������。��場��
-�証�排除�れ��る�����を最も効果的���る�����れ�れ�ソー
-スファイル�冒頭�表示を添付�れ�最も安全��。少���も�「著作権表
-示����行�全文��る場所���インタ����ファイル����置��
-����。
-
-    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
-    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
-
-    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-    (at your option) any later version.
-
-    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-    GNU General Public License for more details.
-
-    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
-
-    (訳:
-
-    <プログラム������れ�何を�る������簡��説明。>
-    Copyright (C) <西暦年>  <作者���>
-
-    ��プログラム�フリーソフトウェア��。�����れを�フリーソフ
-    トウェア財団�よ��発行�れ� GNU 一般公衆利用許諾契約書(�ージョ
-    ン2��希望�よ����れ以���ージョン����れ�)�定�る�件
-    �下��頒布���改変�る�������。
-
-    ��プログラム�有用��る��を願��頒布�れ����*全��無�
-    証* ��。商業�能性��証や特定�目的����性��言外�示�れ�
-    も�も��全�存在���ん。詳���GNU 一般公衆利用許諾契約書を�
-    覧����。
-
-    ������プログラム�共��GNU 一般公衆利用許諾契約書�複製物を
-    一部���������。も���������れ��フリーソフトウェ
-    ア財団��請求������(宛先� the Free Software Foundation,
-    Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA)。
-
-    )
-
-電����紙�メール����������る方法�����情報も書�加�
-��ょ�。
-
-プログラム�対話的�も��ら��対話モード�起動��際�出力���以下
-�よ��短�告知�表示�れるよ��������:
-
-    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
-    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
-    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
-    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
-
-    (訳:
-
-    Gnomovision �ージョン 69, Copyright (C) 年 作者���
-    Gnomovision �*全��無�証*��供�れ��。詳���「show w�
-    �タイプ��下��。�れ�フリーソフトウェア��り��る�件�下�
-    �頒布�る���奨励�れ����。詳���「show c��タイプ��下
-    ��。
-
-    )
-
-����仮想的�コマンド「show w��「show c��一般公衆利用許諾契約書
-��切�部分を表示�るよ��������れ��り��ん。も��ん���
-��使�コマンドを「show w�や「show c��呼�必然性��り��ん���
-����プログラム�����マウス�クリックやメニュー�アイテム���
-も�構��。
-
-�������必��ら�(プログラマー��������ら)����雇用主�
-�る��場��よ���学校�ら���プログラム�関�る「著作権放棄声明
-(copyright disclaimer)��署���もら�����。以下�例������
-�を変������:
-
-  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
-  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
-
-  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
-  Ty Coon, President of Vice
-
-  (訳:
-
-  Yoyodyne社�����James Hacker�よ��書�れ�プログラム
-  「Gnomovision�(コンパイラ�通�プログラム)�関�る一切�著作権�利
-  益を放棄���。
-
-   <Ty Coon��署�>�1989年4月1日
-   Ty Coon�副社長
-
-  )
-
-��一般公衆利用許諾契約書�������プログラムを独�的�プログラム
-�統��る��を������ん。����プログラム�サブルー�ンライブ
-ラリ�ら��独�的�アプリケーション�����ライブラリをリンク�る�
-�を許������より便利��る�考�る�も�れ��ん。も��れ���
-��望む���ら����契約書�代�り�GNU ライブラリ一般公衆利用許諾
-契約書を�用������。
diff --git a/doc/mapserver-logging b/doc/mapserver-logging
index 983de1f..573c61f 100644
--- a/doc/mapserver-logging
+++ b/doc/mapserver-logging
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ LOGLINE ::= int'.'int <MESSAGE>
 MESSAGE ::= 'log-start'
           | 'log-start v2'
           | 'log-start v3'
+          | 'log-start v4'
           | <PC> <COORD> <PC-MESSAGE>
           | <MOB> <MOB-MESSAGE>
 
@@ -22,14 +23,14 @@ STATPLACE ::= 'LOGIN' | 'STATUP' | 'STATUP2' | 'STATRESET'
 
 XPPLACE ::= 'LOGIN' | 'LEVELUP'
 
-XPREASON ::= 'SCRIPTXP' 'HEALXP' 'KILLXP'
+XPREASON ::= 'SCRIPTXP' | 'HEALXP' | 'KILLXP' | 'SHAREXP' | 'UNKNOWNXP'
 
 ZEROTARGET ::= 'null' | <TARGET>
 
 MOB-MESSAGE ::= 'DEAD'
 
 PC-MESSAGE ::= 'WPNDMG' <TARGET> int 'FOR' int WPN int				# "WPNDMG MOB01 type FOR damage WPN weapon-item" 
-	     | 'WPNINJURY' <TARGET> int 'FOR' int
+             | 'WPNINJURY' <TARGET> int 'FOR' int
              | 'MOB-TO-MOB-DMG' 'FROM' <MOB> int 'TO' <MOB> int 'FOR' int	# Summoned monster damage
              | 'SPELLHEAL-INSTA' <PC> FOR int
              | 'SPELLDMG' <MOB> FOR int BY spell-id
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ PC-MESSAGE ::= 'WPNDMG' <TARGET> int 'FOR' int WPN int				# "WPNDMG MOB01 type F
              | 'TRADEOK'
              | 'STATUP'
              | 'STATRESET'
-             | 'STATUP'
+             | 'STATUP2'
 
 NOTES:
 ------
@@ -67,4 +68,4 @@ Illegal items
 
 Restricted access
 
-725, 726, 647, 646
\ No newline at end of file
+725, 726, 647, 646
diff --git a/gpl-3.0.txt b/gpl-3.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94a9ed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gpl-3.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
+certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
+you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
+or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
+know their rights.
+
+  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+
+  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
+authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
+changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
+authors of previous versions.
+
+  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
+modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
+can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
+protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
+pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
+use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
+have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
+products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
+stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
+of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
+
+  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
+States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
+software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
+avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
+make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
+patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+  0. Definitions.
+
+  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
+works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
+"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
+
+  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
+exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
+earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
+
+  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+
+  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
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+computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
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+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
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+parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
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+  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
+to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
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+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
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+  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
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+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
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+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
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+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
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+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
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+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
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+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
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+
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+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
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+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
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+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
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+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
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+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/make.defs b/make.defs
index 17b06a8..7e788c5 100644
--- a/make.defs
+++ b/make.defs
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
+# vim: filetype=make
+#
 # defaults
 CXX = g++
+
 LEX = flex
 BISON = bison
-CXXFLAGS = -pipe -g -O2 #@warnings
+CXXFLAGS = -pipe -g -O2 ${WARNINGS}
+WARNINGS = -include src/warnings.hpp
 
 # works on both x86 and x86_64
-override CXX += -m32 -std=c++0x
+override CXX += -std=c++0x
 # for linking
 override CC = ${CXX}
 
diff --git a/src/char/char.cpp b/src/char/char.cpp
index c8b3e76..c3c22de 100644
--- a/src/char/char.cpp
+++ b/src/char/char.cpp
@@ -1,151 +1,177 @@
-// $Id: char.c,v 1.3 2004/09/13 16:52:16 Yor Exp $
-// original : char2.c 2003/03/14 11:58:35 Rev.1.5
+#include "char.hpp"
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <netdb.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include <fstream>
+
 #include "../common/core.hpp"
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "../common/extract.hpp"
+#include "../common/lock.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
 #include "../common/version.hpp"
-#include "../common/lock.hpp"
-#include "char.hpp"
 
 #include "inter.hpp"
-#include "int_guild.hpp"
 #include "int_party.hpp"
 #include "int_storage.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
+static
 struct mmo_map_server server[MAX_MAP_SERVERS];
-int  server_fd[MAX_MAP_SERVERS];
-int  server_freezeflag[MAX_MAP_SERVERS];    // Map-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-int  anti_freeze_enable = 0;
-int  ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = 6;
+static
+int server_fd[MAX_MAP_SERVERS];
+static
+int server_freezeflag[MAX_MAP_SERVERS];    // Map-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
+static
+int anti_freeze_enable = 0;
+static
+std::chrono::seconds ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = std::chrono::seconds(6);
+
+constexpr
+std::chrono::milliseconds DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL =
+        std::chrono::minutes(5);
 
-int  login_fd, char_fd;
+// TODO replace all string forms of IP addresses with class instances
+static
+int login_fd, char_fd;
+static
 char userid[24];
+static
 char passwd[24];
+static
 char server_name[20];
+static
 char wisp_server_name[24] = "Server";
+static
 char login_ip_str[16];
-int  login_ip;
-int  login_port = 6900;
+static
+int login_ip;
+static
+int login_port = 6900;
+static
 char char_ip_str[16];
-int  char_ip;
-int  char_port = 6121;
-int  char_maintenance;
-int  char_new;
-int  email_creation = 0;        // disabled by default
+static
+int char_ip;
+static
+int char_port = 6121;
+static
+int char_maintenance;
+static
+int char_new;
+static
+int email_creation = 0;        // disabled by default
+static
 char char_txt[1024];
-char backup_txt[1024];          //By zanetheinsane
-char backup_txt_flag = 0;       // The backup_txt file was created because char deletion bug existed. Now it's finish and that take a lot of time to create a second file when there are a lot of characters. => option By [Yor]
+static
 char unknown_char_name[1024] = "Unknown";
+static
 char char_log_filename[1024] = "log/char.log";
 //Added for lan support
+static
 char lan_map_ip[128];
-int  subneti[4];
-int  subnetmaski[4];
-int  name_ignoring_case = 0;    // Allow or not identical name for characters but with a different case by [Yor]
-int  char_name_option = 0;      // Option to know which letters/symbols are authorised in the name of a character (0: all, 1: only those in char_name_letters, 2: all EXCEPT those in char_name_letters) by [Yor]
+static
+int subneti[4];
+static
+int subnetmaski[4];
+static
+int name_ignoring_case = 0;    // Allow or not identical name for characters but with a different case by [Yor]
+static
+int char_name_option = 0;      // Option to know which letters/symbols are authorised in the name of a character (0: all, 1: only those in char_name_letters, 2: all EXCEPT those in char_name_letters) by [Yor]
+static
 char char_name_letters[1024] = "";  // list of letters/symbols authorised (or not) in a character name. by [Yor]
 
 struct char_session_data
 {
-    int  account_id, login_id1, login_id2, sex;
+    int account_id, login_id1, login_id2, sex;
     unsigned short packet_tmw_version;
-    int  found_char[9];
+    int found_char[9];
     char email[40];             // e-mail (default: a@a.com) by [Yor]
-    time_t connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
+    TimeT connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
 };
 
 #define AUTH_FIFO_SIZE 256
+static
 struct
 {
-    int  account_id, char_id, login_id1, login_id2, ip, char_pos, delflag,
+    int account_id, char_id, login_id1, login_id2, ip, char_pos, delflag,
         sex;
     unsigned short packet_tmw_version;
-    time_t connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
+    TimeT connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
 } auth_fifo[AUTH_FIFO_SIZE];
-int  auth_fifo_pos = 0;
+static
+int auth_fifo_pos = 0;
 
-int  check_ip_flag = 1;         // It's to check IP of a player between char-server and other servers (part of anti-hacking system)
+static
+int check_ip_flag = 1;         // It's to check IP of a player between char-server and other servers (part of anti-hacking system)
 
-int  char_id_count = 150000;
+static
+int char_id_count = 150000;
+static
 struct mmo_charstatus *char_dat;
-int  char_num, char_max;
-int  max_connect_user = 0;
-int  autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
-int  start_zeny = 500;
-int  start_weapon = 1201;
-int  start_armor = 1202;
+static
+int char_num, char_max;
+static
+int max_connect_user = 0;
+static
+std::chrono::milliseconds autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
+static
+int start_zeny = 500;
+static
+int start_weapon = 1201;
+static
+int start_armor = 1202;
 
 // Initial position (it's possible to set it in conf file)
+static
 struct point start_point = { "new_1-1.gat", 53, 111 };
 
+static
 struct gm_account *gm_account = NULL;
-int  GM_num = 0;
+static
+int GM_num = 0;
 
 // online players by [Yor]
+static
 char online_txt_filename[1024] = "online.txt";
+static
 char online_html_filename[1024] = "online.html";
-int  online_sorting_option = 0; // sorting option to display online players in online files
-int  online_display_option = 1; // display options: to know which columns must be displayed
-int  online_refresh_html = 20;  // refresh time (in sec) of the html file in the explorer
-int  online_gm_display_min_level = 20;  // minimum GM level to display 'GM' when we want to display it
+static
+int online_sorting_option = 0; // sorting option to display online players in online files
+static
+int online_refresh_html = 20;  // refresh time (in sec) of the html file in the explorer
+static
+int online_gm_display_min_level = 20;  // minimum GM level to display 'GM' when we want to display it
 
+static
 int *online_chars;              // same size of char_dat, and id value of current server (or -1)
-time_t update_online;           // to update online files when we receiving information from a server (not less than 8 seconds)
+static
+TimeT update_online;           // to update online files when we receiving information from a server (not less than 8 seconds)
 
+static
 pid_t pid = 0;                  // For forked DB writes
 
 //------------------------------
 // Writing function of logs file
 //------------------------------
-int char_log (const char *fmt, ...)
+void char_log(const_string line)
 {
-    FILE *logfp;
-    va_list ap;
-    struct timeval tv;
-    char tmpstr[2048];
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-
-    logfp = fopen_ (char_log_filename, "a");
-    if (logfp)
-    {
-        if (fmt[0] == '\0')     // jump a line if no message
-            fprintf (logfp, "\n");
-        else
-        {
-            gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-            strftime (tmpstr, 24, "%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S", gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-            sprintf (tmpstr + 19, ".%03d: %s", (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000, fmt);
-            vfprintf (logfp, tmpstr, ap);
-        }
-        fclose_ (logfp);
-    }
-
-    va_end (ap);
-    return 0;
+    FILE *logfp = fopen_(char_log_filename, "a");
+    if (!logfp)
+        return;
+    log_with_timestamp(logfp, line);
+    fclose_(logfp);
 }
 
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -153,9 +179,9 @@ int char_log (const char *fmt, ...)
 // and returns its level (or 0 if it isn't a GM account or if not found)
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int isGM (int account_id)
+int isGM(int account_id)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < GM_num; i++)
         if (gm_account[i].account_id == account_id)
@@ -171,19 +197,19 @@ int isGM (int account_id)
 //   and returns index if only 1 character is found
 //   and similar to the searched name.
 //----------------------------------------------
-int search_character_index (const char *character_name)
+int search_character_index(const char *character_name)
 {
-    int  i, quantity, index;
+    int i, quantity, index;
 
     quantity = 0;
     index = -1;
     for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
     {
         // Without case sensitive check (increase the number of similar character names found)
-        if (strcasecmp (char_dat[i].name, character_name) == 0)
+        if (strcasecmp(char_dat[i].name, character_name) == 0)
         {
             // Strict comparison (if found, we finish the function immediatly with correct value)
-            if (strcmp (char_dat[i].name, character_name) == 0)
+            if (strcmp(char_dat[i].name, character_name) == 0)
                 return i;
             quantity++;
             index = i;
@@ -201,7 +227,7 @@ int search_character_index (const char *character_name)
 //-------------------------------------
 // Return character name with the index
 //-------------------------------------
-char *search_character_name (int index)
+char *search_character_name(int index)
 {
 
     if (index >= 0 && index < char_num)
@@ -214,485 +240,291 @@ char *search_character_name (int index)
 // Function to create the character line (for save)
 //-------------------------------------------------
 __inline__ static
-int mmo_char_tostr (char *str, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
+std::string mmo_char_tostr(struct mmo_charstatus *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    char *str_p = str;
-
     // on multi-map server, sometimes it's posssible that last_point become void. (reason???) We check that to not lost character at restart.
     if (p->last_point.map[0] == '\0')
     {
-        memcpy (p->last_point.map, "001-1.gat", 10);
+        memcpy(p->last_point.map, "001-1.gat", 10);
         p->last_point.x = 273;
         p->last_point.y = 354;
     }
 
-    str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d\t%d,%d\t%s\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%s,%d,%d\t%s,%d,%d,%d\t", p->char_id, p->account_id, p->char_num, p->name,  //
-                      p->pc_class, p->base_level, p->job_level, p->base_exp, p->job_exp, p->zeny, p->hp, p->max_hp, p->sp, p->max_sp, p->str, p->agi, p->vit, p->int_, p->dex, p->luk, p->status_point, p->skill_point, p->option, p->karma, p->manner,    //
-                      p->party_id, p->guild_id, 0, p->hair, p->hair_color, p->clothes_color, p->weapon, p->shield, p->head_top, p->head_mid, p->head_bottom, p->last_point.map, p->last_point.x, p->last_point.y,   //
-                      p->save_point.map, p->save_point.x, p->save_point.y,
-                      p->partner_id);
-    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    std::string str_p;
+    str_p += STRPRINTF(
+            "%d\t"
+            "%d,%d\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t"
+            "%s,%d,%d\t"
+            "%s,%d,%d,%d\t",
+            p->char_id,
+            p->account_id, p->char_num,
+            p->name,
+            p->species, p->base_level, p->job_level,
+            p->base_exp, p->job_exp, p->zeny,
+            p->hp, p->max_hp, p->sp, p->max_sp,
+            p->attrs[ATTR::STR], p->attrs[ATTR::AGI], p->attrs[ATTR::VIT], p->attrs[ATTR::INT], p->attrs[ATTR::DEX], p->attrs[ATTR::LUK],
+            p->status_point, p->skill_point,
+            p->option, p->karma, p->manner,
+            p->party_id, 0/*guild_id*/, 0/*pet_id*/,
+            p->hair, p->hair_color, p->clothes_color,
+            p->weapon, p->shield, p->head_top, p->head_mid, p->head_bottom,
+            p->last_point.map, p->last_point.x, p->last_point.y,
+            p->save_point.map, p->save_point.x, p->save_point.y, p->partner_id);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
         if (p->memo_point[i].map[0])
         {
-            str_p +=
-                sprintf (str_p, "%s,%d,%d", p->memo_point[i].map,
-                         p->memo_point[i].x, p->memo_point[i].y);
+            str_p += STRPRINTF("%s,%d,%d ",
+                    p->memo_point[i].map, p->memo_point[i].x, p->memo_point[i].y);
         }
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
+    str_p += '\t';
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
         if (p->inventory[i].nameid)
         {
-            str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
-                              p->inventory[i].id, p->inventory[i].nameid,
-                              p->inventory[i].amount, p->inventory[i].equip,
-                              p->inventory[i].identify,
-                              p->inventory[i].refine,
-                              p->inventory[i].attribute,
-                              p->inventory[i].card[0],
-                              p->inventory[i].card[1],
-                              p->inventory[i].card[2],
-                              p->inventory[i].card[3],
-                              p->inventory[i].broken);
-        }
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
+            str_p += STRPRINTF("%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
+                    p->inventory[i].id,
+                    p->inventory[i].nameid,
+                    p->inventory[i].amount,
+                    p->inventory[i].equip,
+                    p->inventory[i].identify,
+                    p->inventory[i].refine,
+                    p->inventory[i].attribute,
+                    p->inventory[i].card[0],
+                    p->inventory[i].card[1],
+                    p->inventory[i].card[2],
+                    p->inventory[i].card[3],
+                    p->inventory[i].broken);
+        }
+    str_p += '\t';
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
         if (p->cart[i].nameid)
         {
-            str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
-                              p->cart[i].id, p->cart[i].nameid,
-                              p->cart[i].amount, p->cart[i].equip,
-                              p->cart[i].identify, p->cart[i].refine,
-                              p->cart[i].attribute, p->cart[i].card[0],
-                              p->cart[i].card[1], p->cart[i].card[2],
-                              p->cart[i].card[3], p->cart[i].broken);
+            str_p += STRPRINTF("%d,%d,%d,%hhu,%d,%hd,%hhu,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
+                    p->cart[i].id,
+                    p->cart[i].nameid,
+                    p->cart[i].amount,
+                    p->cart[i].equip,
+                    p->cart[i].identify,
+                    p->cart[i].refine,
+                    p->cart[i].attribute,
+                    p->cart[i].card[0],
+                    p->cart[i].card[1],
+                    p->cart[i].card[2],
+                    p->cart[i].card[3],
+                    p->cart[i].broken);
         }
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
+    str_p += '\t';
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-        if (p->skill[i].id)
+    for (SkillID i : erange(SkillID(), MAX_SKILL))
+        if (p->skill[i].lv)
         {
-            str_p +=
-                sprintf (str_p, "%d,%d ", p->skill[i].id,
-                         p->skill[i].lv | (p->skill[i].flags << 16));
+            str_p += STRPRINTF("%d,%d ",
+                    i,
+                    p->skill[i].lv | (uint16_t(p->skill[i].flags) << 16));
         }
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
+    str_p += '\t';
 
-    for (i = 0; i < p->global_reg_num; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < p->global_reg_num; i++)
         if (p->global_reg[i].str[0])
-            str_p +=
-                sprintf (str_p, "%s,%d ", p->global_reg[i].str,
-                         p->global_reg[i].value);
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
+            str_p += STRPRINTF("%s,%d ",
+                    p->global_reg[i].str,
+                    p->global_reg[i].value);
+    str_p += '\t';
 
-    *str_p = '\0';
-    return 0;
+    return str_p;
+}
+
+static
+bool extract(const_string str, struct point *p)
+{
+    return extract(str, record<','>(&p->map, &p->x, &p->y));
+}
+
+struct skill_loader
+{
+    SkillID id;
+    uint16_t level;
+    SkillFlags flags;
+};
+
+static
+bool extract(const_string str, struct skill_loader *s)
+{
+    uint32_t flags_and_level;
+    if (!extract(str,
+                record<','>(&s->id, &flags_and_level)))
+        return false;
+    s->level = flags_and_level & 0xffff;
+    s->flags = SkillFlags(flags_and_level >> 16);
+    return true;
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Function to set the character from the line (at read of characters file)
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_char_fromstr (char *str, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
+bool extract(const_string str, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
 {
-    int  tmp_int[256];
-    int  set, next, len, i;
-
     // initilialise character
-    memset (p, '\0', sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-
-    // If it's not char structure of version 1008 and after
-    if ((set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name,  //
-                       &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],   //
-                       &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25], &tmp_int[26], &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], &tmp_int[34], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[35], &tmp_int[36], //
-                       p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[37], &tmp_int[38],
-                       &tmp_int[39], &next)) != 43)
-    {
-        tmp_int[39] = 0;        // partner id
-        // If not char structure from version 384 to 1007
-        if ((set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name, //
-                           &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],   //
-                           &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25], &tmp_int[26], &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], &tmp_int[34], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[35], &tmp_int[36], //
-                           p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[37], &tmp_int[38],
-                           &next)) != 42)
-        {
-            // It's char structure of a version before 384
-            tmp_int[26] = 0;    // pet id
-            set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name, //
-                          &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],    //
-                          &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25],   //
-                          &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], &tmp_int[34], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[35], &tmp_int[36],    //
-                          p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[37], &tmp_int[38],
-                          &next);
-            set += 2;
-            //printf("char: old char data ver.1\n");
-            // Char structure of version 1007 or older
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            set++;
-            //printf("char: old char data ver.2\n");
-        }
-        // Char structure of version 1008+
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        //printf("char: new char data ver.3\n");
-    }
-    if (set != 43)
-        return 0;
-
-    p->char_id = tmp_int[0];
-    p->account_id = tmp_int[1];
-    p->char_num = tmp_int[2];
-    p->pc_class = tmp_int[3];
-    p->base_level = tmp_int[4];
-    p->job_level = tmp_int[5];
-    p->base_exp = tmp_int[6];
-    p->job_exp = tmp_int[7];
-    p->zeny = tmp_int[8];
-    p->hp = tmp_int[9];
-    p->max_hp = tmp_int[10];
-    p->sp = tmp_int[11];
-    p->max_sp = tmp_int[12];
-    p->str = tmp_int[13];
-    p->agi = tmp_int[14];
-    p->vit = tmp_int[15];
-    p->int_ = tmp_int[16];
-    p->dex = tmp_int[17];
-    p->luk = tmp_int[18];
-    p->status_point = tmp_int[19];
-    p->skill_point = tmp_int[20];
-    p->option = tmp_int[21];
-    p->karma = tmp_int[22];
-    p->manner = tmp_int[23];
-    p->party_id = tmp_int[24];
-    p->guild_id = tmp_int[25];
-//  p->pet_id = tmp_int[26];
-    p->hair = tmp_int[27];
-    p->hair_color = tmp_int[28];
-    p->clothes_color = tmp_int[29];
-    p->weapon = tmp_int[30];
-    p->shield = tmp_int[31];
-    p->head_top = tmp_int[32];
-    p->head_mid = tmp_int[33];
-    p->head_bottom = tmp_int[34];
-    p->last_point.x = tmp_int[35];
-    p->last_point.y = tmp_int[36];
-    p->save_point.x = tmp_int[37];
-    p->save_point.y = tmp_int[38];
-    p->partner_id = tmp_int[39];
-
-    // Some checks
-    for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
+    memset(p, '\0', sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
+
+    uint32_t unused_guild_id, unused_pet_id;
+    std::vector<struct point> memos;
+    std::vector<struct item> inventory, cart;
+    std::vector<struct skill_loader> skills;
+    std::vector<struct global_reg> vars;
+    if (!extract(str,
+                record<'\t'>(
+                    &p->char_id,
+                    record<','>(&p->account_id, &p->char_num),
+                    &p->name,
+                    record<','>(&p->species, &p->base_level, &p->job_level),
+                    record<','>(&p->base_exp, &p->job_exp, &p->zeny),
+                    record<','>(&p->hp, &p->max_hp, &p->sp, &p->max_sp),
+                    record<','>(&p->attrs[ATTR::STR], &p->attrs[ATTR::AGI], &p->attrs[ATTR::VIT], &p->attrs[ATTR::INT], &p->attrs[ATTR::DEX], &p->attrs[ATTR::LUK]),
+                    record<','>(&p->status_point, &p->skill_point),
+                    record<','>(&p->option, &p->karma, &p->manner),
+                    record<','>(&p->party_id, &unused_guild_id, &unused_pet_id),
+                    record<','>(&p->hair, &p->hair_color, &p->clothes_color),
+                    record<','>(&p->weapon, &p->shield, &p->head_top, &p->head_mid, &p->head_bottom),
+                    &p->last_point,
+                    // somebody was silly and stuck partner id as a field
+                    // of this, instead of adding a new \t
+                    // or putting it elsewhere, like by pet/guild
+                    record<','>(&p->save_point.map, &p->save_point.x, &p->save_point.y, &p->partner_id),
+                    vrec<' '>(&memos),
+                    vrec<' '>(&inventory),
+                    vrec<' '>(&cart),
+                    vrec<' '>(&skills),
+                    vrec<' '>(&vars))))
+        return false;
+
+    if (strcmp(wisp_server_name, p->name) == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
     {
         if (char_dat[i].char_id == p->char_id)
-        {
-            printf
-                ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: a character has an identical id to another.\n");
-            printf
-                ("               character id #%d -> new character not readed.\n",
-                 p->char_id);
-            printf ("               Character saved in log file.\033[0m\n");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (char_dat[i].name, p->name) == 0)
-        {
-            printf
-                ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: character name already exists.\n");
-            printf
-                ("               character name '%s' -> new character not readed.\n",
-                 p->name);
-            printf ("               Character saved in log file.\033[0m\n");
-            return -2;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (strcasecmp (wisp_server_name, p->name) == 0)
-    {
-        printf
-            ("mmo_auth_init: ******WARNING: character name has wisp server name.\n");
-        printf
-            ("               Character name '%s' = wisp server name '%s'.\n",
-             p->name, wisp_server_name);
-        printf
-            ("               Character readed. Suggestion: change the wisp server name.\n");
-        char_log
-            ("mmo_auth_init: ******WARNING: character name has wisp server name: Character name '%s' = wisp server name '%s'.\n",
-             p->name, wisp_server_name);
-    }
-
-    if (str[next] == '\n' || str[next] == '\r')
-        return 1;               // 新�データ
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + next, "%[^,],%d,%d%n", p->memo_point[i].map, &tmp_int[0],
-             &tmp_int[1], &len) != 3)
-            return -3;
-        p->memo_point[i].x = tmp_int[0];
-        p->memo_point[i].y = tmp_int[1];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                    &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                    &tmp_int[11], &len) == 12)
-        {
-            // do nothing, it's ok
-        }
-        else if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                         &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                         &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                         &len) == 11)
-        {
-            tmp_int[11] = 0;    // broken doesn't exist in this version -> 0
-        }
-        else                    // invalid structure
-            return -4;
-        p->inventory[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->inventory[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-        p->inventory[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-        p->inventory[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-        p->inventory[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-        p->inventory[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-        p->inventory[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-        p->inventory[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-        p->inventory[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-        p->inventory[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-        p->inventory[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-        p->inventory[i].broken = tmp_int[11];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
+            return false;
+        if (strcmp(char_dat[i].name, p->name) == 0)
+            return false;
     }
 
-    next++;
+    if (memos.size() > 10)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(memos.begin(), memos.end(), p->memo_point);
+    // number of memo points is not saved - it just detects map name '\0'
 
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                    &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                    &tmp_int[11], &len) == 12)
-        {
-            // do nothing, it's ok
-        }
-        else if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                         &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                         &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                         &len) == 11)
-        {
-            tmp_int[11] = 0;    // broken doesn't exist in this version -> 0
-        }
-        else                    // invalid structure
-            return -5;
-        p->cart[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->cart[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-        p->cart[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-        p->cart[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-        p->cart[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-        p->cart[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-        p->cart[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-        p->cart[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-        p->cart[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-        p->cart[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-        p->cart[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-        p->cart[i].broken = tmp_int[11];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
+    if (inventory.size() > MAX_INVENTORY)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(inventory.begin(), inventory.end(), p->inventory);
+    // number of inventory items is not saved - it just detects nameid 0
 
-    next++;
+    if (cart.size() > MAX_CART)
+       return false;
+    std::copy(cart.begin(), cart.end(), p->cart);
+    // number of cart items is not saved - it just detects nameid 0
 
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
+    for (struct skill_loader& sk : skills)
     {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &len) !=
-            2)
-            return -6;
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].lv = tmp_int[1] & 0xffff;
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].flags = ((tmp_int[1] >> 16) & 0xffff);
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
+        if (sk.id > MAX_SKILL)
+            return false;
+        p->skill[sk.id].lv = sk.level;
+        p->skill[sk.id].flags = sk.flags;
     }
 
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0;
-         str[next] && str[next] != '\t' && str[next] != '\n'
-         && str[next] != '\r'; i++)
-    {                           // global_reg実装以��athena.txt互����一応'\n'�ェック
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + next, "%[^,],%d%n", p->global_reg[i].str,
-             &p->global_reg[i].value, &len) != 2)
-        {
-            // because some scripts are not correct, the str can be "". So, we must check that.
-            // If it's, we must not refuse the character, but just this REG value.
-            // Character line will have something like: nov_2nd_cos,9 ,9 nov_1_2_cos_c,1 (here, ,9 is not good)
-            if (str[next] == ','
-                && sscanf (str + next, ",%d%n", &p->global_reg[i].value,
-                           &len) == 1)
-                i--;
-            else
-                return -7;
-        }
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    p->global_reg_num = i;
+    if (vars.size() > GLOBAL_REG_NUM)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(vars.begin(), vars.end(), p->global_reg);
+    p->global_reg_num = vars.size();
 
-    return 1;
+    return true;
 }
 
 //---------------------------------
 // Function to read characters file
 //---------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_char_init (void)
+int mmo_char_init(void)
 {
-    char line[65536];
-    int  ret, line_count;
-    FILE *fp;
-
     char_max = 256;
-    CREATE (char_dat, struct mmo_charstatus, 256);
-    CREATE (online_chars, int, 256);
+    CREATE(char_dat, struct mmo_charstatus, 256);
+    CREATE(online_chars, int, 256);
     for (int i = 0; i < char_max; i++)
         online_chars[i] = -1;
 
     char_num = 0;
 
-    fp = fopen_ (char_txt, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(char_txt);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("Characters file not found: %s.\n", char_txt);
-        char_log ("Characters file not found: %s.\n", char_txt);
-        char_log ("Id for the next created character: %d.\n",
+        PRINTF("Characters file not found: %s.\n", char_txt);
+        CHAR_LOG("Characters file not found: %s.\n", char_txt);
+        CHAR_LOG("Id for the next created character: %d.\n",
                   char_id_count);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    line_count = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    int line_count = 0;
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        int  i, j;
         line_count++;
 
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
             continue;
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
+        if (line.back() == '\r')
+        {
+            line.back() = 0;
+        }
 
-        j = 0;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%d\t%%newid%%%n", &i, &j) == 1 && j > 0)
         {
-            if (char_id_count < i)
-                char_id_count = i;
-            continue;
+            int i, j = 0;
+            if (SSCANF(line, "%d\t%%newid%%%n", &i, &j) == 1 && j > 0)
+            {
+                if (char_id_count < i)
+                    char_id_count = i;
+                continue;
+            }
         }
 
         if (char_num >= char_max)
         {
             char_max += 256;
-            RECREATE (char_dat, struct mmo_charstatus, char_max);
-            RECREATE (online_chars, int, char_max);
-            for (i = char_max - 256; i < char_max; i++)
+            RECREATE(char_dat, struct mmo_charstatus, char_max);
+            RECREATE(online_chars, int, char_max);
+            for (int i = char_max - 256; i < char_max; i++)
                 online_chars[i] = -1;
         }
 
-        ret = mmo_char_fromstr (line, &char_dat[char_num]);
-        if (ret > 0)
-        {                       // negative value or zero for errors
-            if (char_dat[char_num].char_id >= char_id_count)
-                char_id_count = char_dat[char_num].char_id + 1;
-            char_num++;
-        }
-        else
+        if (!extract(line, &char_dat[char_num]))
         {
-            printf
-                ("mmo_char_init: in characters file, unable to read the line #%d.\n",
-                 line_count);
-            printf ("               -> Character saved in log file.\n");
-            switch (ret)
-            {
-                case -1:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Duplicate character id in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                case -2:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Duplicate character name in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                case -3:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Invalid memo point structure in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                case -4:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Invalid inventory item structure in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                case -5:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Invalid cart item structure in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                case -6:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Invalid skill structure in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                case -7:
-                    char_log
-                        ("Invalid register structure in the next character line (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-                default:       // 0
-                    char_log
-                        ("Unabled to get a character in the next line - Basic structure of line (before inventory) is incorrect (character not readed):\n");
-                    break;
-            }
-            char_log ("%s", line);
+            CHAR_LOG("Char skipped\n%s", line);
+            continue;
         }
+        if (char_dat[char_num].char_id >= char_id_count)
+            char_id_count = char_dat[char_num].char_id + 1;
+        char_num++;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
-    if (char_num == 0)
-    {
-        printf ("mmo_char_init: No character found in %s.\n", char_txt);
-        char_log ("mmo_char_init: No character found in %s.\n",
-                  char_txt);
-    }
-    else if (char_num == 1)
-    {
-        printf ("mmo_char_init: 1 character read in %s.\n", char_txt);
-        char_log ("mmo_char_init: 1 character read in %s.\n", char_txt);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        printf ("mmo_char_init: %d characters read in %s.\n", char_num,
-                char_txt);
-        char_log ("mmo_char_init: %d characters read in %s.\n",
-                  char_num, char_txt);
-    }
+    PRINTF("mmo_char_init: %d characters read in %s.\n",
+            char_num, char_txt);
+    CHAR_LOG("mmo_char_init: %d characters read in %s.\n",
+            char_num, char_txt);
 
-    char_log ("Id for the next created character: %d.\n",
-              char_id_count);
+    CHAR_LOG("Id for the next created character: %d.\n",
+            char_id_count);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -701,67 +533,43 @@ int mmo_char_init (void)
 // Function to save characters in files (speed up by [Yor])
 //---------------------------------------------------------
 static
-void mmo_char_sync (void)
+void mmo_char_sync(void)
 {
-    char line[65536];
-    int  i, j, k;
-    int  lock;
+    int i;
+    int lock;
     FILE *fp;
 
     // Data save
-    fp = lock_fopen (char_txt, &lock);
+    fp = lock_fopen(char_txt, &lock);
     if (fp == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("WARNING: Server can't not save characters.\n");
-        char_log ("WARNING: Server can't not save characters.\n");
+        PRINTF("WARNING: Server can't not save characters.\n");
+        CHAR_LOG("WARNING: Server can't not save characters.\n");
     }
     else
     {
         for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
         {
-            // create only once the line, and save it in the 2 files (it's speeder than repeat twice the loop and create twice the line)
-            mmo_char_tostr (line, &char_dat[i]);    // use of sorted index
-            fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
-        }
-        fprintf (fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", char_id_count);
-        lock_fclose (fp, char_txt, &lock);
-    }
-
-    // Data save (backup)
-    if (backup_txt_flag)
-    {                           // The backup_txt file was created because char deletion bug existed. Now it's finish and that take a lot of time to create a second file when there are a lot of characters. => option By [Yor]
-        fp = lock_fopen (backup_txt, &lock);
-        if (fp == NULL)
-        {
-            printf
-                ("WARNING: Server can't not create backup of characters file.\n");
-            char_log
-                ("WARNING: Server can't not create backup of characters file.\n");
-            return;
-        }
-        for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
-        {
-            // create only once the line, and save it in the 2 files (it's speeder than repeat twice the loop and create twice the line)
-            mmo_char_tostr (line, &char_dat[i]);    // use of sorted index
-            fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
+            // use of sorted index
+            std::string line = mmo_char_tostr(&char_dat[i]);
+            fwrite(line.data(), 1, line.size(), fp);
+            fputc('\n', fp);
         }
-        fprintf (fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", char_id_count);
-        lock_fclose (fp, backup_txt, &lock);
+        FPRINTF(fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", char_id_count);
+        lock_fclose(fp, char_txt, &lock);
     }
-
-    return;
 }
 
 //----------------------------------------------------
 // Function to save (in a periodic way) datas in files
 //----------------------------------------------------
 static
-void mmo_char_sync_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void mmo_char_sync_timer(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
     if (pid != 0)
     {
-        int  status;
-        pid_t temp = waitpid (pid, &status, WNOHANG);
+        int status;
+        pid_t temp = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
 
         // Need to check status too?
         if (temp == 0)
@@ -772,23 +580,24 @@ void mmo_char_sync_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data
 
     // This can take a lot of time. Fork a child to handle the work and return at once
     // If we're unable to fork just continue running the function normally
-    if ((pid = fork ()) > 0)
+    if ((pid = fork()) > 0)
         return;
 
-    mmo_char_sync ();
-    inter_save ();
+    mmo_char_sync();
+    inter_save();
 
     // If we're a child we should suicide now.
     if (pid == 0)
-        _exit (0);
+        _exit(0);
 }
 
 //----------------------------------------------------
 // Remove trailing whitespace from a name
 //----------------------------------------------------
-static void remove_trailing_blanks (char *name)
+static
+void remove_trailing_blanks(char *name)
 {
-    char *tail = name + strlen (name) - 1;
+    char *tail = name + strlen(name) - 1;
 
     while (tail > name && *tail == ' ')
         *tail-- = 0;
@@ -797,7 +606,8 @@ static void remove_trailing_blanks (char *name)
 //----------------------------------------------------
 // Remove prefix whitespace from a name
 //----------------------------------------------------
-static void remove_prefix_blanks (char *name)
+static
+void remove_prefix_blanks(char *name)
 {
     char *dst = name;
     char *src = name;
@@ -811,32 +621,30 @@ static void remove_prefix_blanks (char *name)
 // Function to create a new character
 //-----------------------------------
 static
-int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
+int make_new_char(int fd, const uint8_t *dat)
 {
     // ugh
-    char *cdat = (char *)dat;
-    int  i, j;
+    char *cdat = reinterpret_cast<char *>(const_cast<uint8_t *>(dat));
+    int i, j;
     struct char_session_data *sd = (struct char_session_data *)session[fd]->session_data;
 
     // remove control characters from the name
     cdat[23] = '\0';
-    if (remove_control_chars (cdat))
+    if (remove_control_chars(cdat))
     {
-        char_log
-            ("Make new char error (control char received in the name): (connection #%d, account: %d).\n",
+        CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (control char received in the name): (connection #%d, account: %d).\n",
              fd, sd->account_id);
         return -1;
     }
 
     // Eliminate whitespace
-    remove_trailing_blanks (cdat);
-    remove_prefix_blanks (cdat);
+    remove_trailing_blanks(cdat);
+    remove_prefix_blanks(cdat);
 
     // check lenght of character name
-    if (strlen (cdat) < 4)
+    if (strlen(cdat) < 4)
     {
-        char_log
-            ("Make new char error (character name too small): (connection #%d, account: %d, name: '%s').\n",
+        CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (character name too small): (connection #%d, account: %d, name: '%s').\n",
              fd, sd->account_id, cdat);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -845,10 +653,9 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
     if (char_name_option == 1)
     {                           // only letters/symbols in char_name_letters are authorised
         for (i = 0; cdat[i]; i++)
-            if (strchr (char_name_letters, cdat[i]) == NULL)
+            if (strchr(char_name_letters, cdat[i]) == NULL)
             {
-                char_log
-                    ("Make new char error (invalid letter in the name): (connection #%d, account: %d), name: %s, invalid letter: %c.\n",
+                CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (invalid letter in the name): (connection #%d, account: %d), name: %s, invalid letter: %c.\n",
                      fd, sd->account_id, cdat, cdat[i]);
                 return -1;
             }
@@ -856,10 +663,9 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
     else if (char_name_option == 2)
     {                           // letters/symbols in char_name_letters are forbidden
         for (i = 0; cdat[i]; i++)
-            if (strchr (char_name_letters, cdat[i]) != NULL)
+            if (strchr(char_name_letters, cdat[i]) != NULL)
             {
-                char_log
-                    ("Make new char error (invalid letter in the name): (connection #%d, account: %d), name: %s, invalid letter: %c.\n",
+                CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (invalid letter in the name): (connection #%d, account: %d), name: %s, invalid letter: %c.\n",
                      fd, sd->account_id, cdat, cdat[i]);
                 return -1;
             }
@@ -871,8 +677,7 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
         dat[33] >= 20 || // hair style
         dat[31] >= 12)
     {                           // hair color (dat[31] can not be negativ)
-        char_log
-            ("Make new char error (invalid values): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s, stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d\n",
+        CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (invalid values): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s, stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d\n",
              fd, sd->account_id, dat[30], dat, dat[24], dat[25],
              dat[26], dat[27], dat[28], dat[29],
              dat[24] + dat[25] + dat[26] + dat[27] + dat[28] + dat[29],
@@ -885,8 +690,7 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
     {
         if (dat[i] < 1 || dat[i] > 9)
         {
-            char_log
-                ("Make new char error (invalid stat value: not between 1 to 9): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s, stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d\n",
+            CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (invalid stat value: not between 1 to 9): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s, stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d\n",
                  fd, sd->account_id, dat[30], dat, dat[24], dat[25],
                  dat[26], dat[27], dat[28], dat[29],
                  dat[24] + dat[25] + dat[26] + dat[27] + dat[28] + dat[29],
@@ -897,12 +701,11 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
 
     for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
     {
-        if ((name_ignoring_case != 0 && strcmp (char_dat[i].name, cdat) == 0)
+        if ((name_ignoring_case != 0 && strcmp(char_dat[i].name, cdat) == 0)
             || (name_ignoring_case == 0
-                && strcasecmp (char_dat[i].name, cdat) == 0))
+                && strcasecmp(char_dat[i].name, cdat) == 0))
         {
-            char_log
-                ("Make new char error (name already exists): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s (actual name of other char: %s), stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d.\n",
+            CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (name already exists): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s (actual name of other char: %s), stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d.\n",
                  fd, sd->account_id, dat[30], cdat, char_dat[i].name,
                  dat[24], dat[25], dat[26], dat[27], dat[28], dat[29],
                  dat[24] + dat[25] + dat[26] + dat[27] + dat[28] + dat[29],
@@ -912,8 +715,7 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
         if (char_dat[i].account_id == sd->account_id
             && char_dat[i].char_num == dat[30])
         {
-            char_log
-                ("Make new char error (slot already used): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s (actual name of other char: %s), stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d.\n",
+            CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (slot already used): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s (actual name of other char: %s), stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d.\n",
                  fd, sd->account_id, dat[30], cdat, char_dat[i].name,
                  dat[24], dat[25], dat[26], dat[27], dat[28], dat[29],
                  dat[24] + dat[25] + dat[26] + dat[27] + dat[28] + dat[29],
@@ -922,10 +724,9 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
         }
     }
 
-    if (strcmp (wisp_server_name, cdat) == 0)
+    if (strcmp(wisp_server_name, cdat) == 0)
     {
-        char_log
-            ("Make new char error (name used is wisp name for server): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s (actual name of other char: %s), stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d.\n",
+        CHAR_LOG("Make new char error (name used is wisp name for server): (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, name: %s (actual name of other char: %s), stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d.\n",
              fd, sd->account_id, dat[30], cdat, char_dat[i].name,
              dat[24], dat[25], dat[26], dat[27], dat[28], dat[29],
              dat[24] + dat[25] + dat[26] + dat[27] + dat[28] + dat[29],
@@ -936,8 +737,8 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
     if (char_num >= char_max)
     {
         char_max += 256;
-        RECREATE (char_dat, struct mmo_charstatus, char_max);
-        RECREATE (online_chars, int, char_max);
+        RECREATE(char_dat, struct mmo_charstatus, char_max);
+        RECREATE(online_chars, int, char_max);
         for (j = char_max - 256; j < char_max; j++)
             online_chars[j] = -1;
     }
@@ -945,239 +746,81 @@ int make_new_char (int fd, unsigned char *dat)
     char ip[16];
     unsigned char *sin_addr =
         (unsigned char *) &session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr;
-    sprintf (ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d", sin_addr[0], sin_addr[1], sin_addr[2],
+    sprintf(ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d", sin_addr[0], sin_addr[1], sin_addr[2],
              sin_addr[3]);
 
-    char_log
-        ("Creation of New Character: (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, character Name: %s, stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d. [%s]\n",
+    CHAR_LOG("Creation of New Character: (connection #%d, account: %d) slot %d, character Name: %s, stats: %d+%d+%d+%d+%d+%d=%d, hair: %d, hair color: %d. [%s]\n",
          fd, sd->account_id, dat[30], cdat, dat[24], dat[25], dat[26],
          dat[27], dat[28], dat[29],
          dat[24] + dat[25] + dat[26] + dat[27] + dat[28] + dat[29], dat[33],
          dat[31], ip);
 
-    memset (&char_dat[i], 0, sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
+    memset(&char_dat[i], 0, sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
 
     char_dat[i].char_id = char_id_count++;
     char_dat[i].account_id = sd->account_id;
     char_dat[i].char_num = dat[30];
-    strcpy (char_dat[i].name, cdat);
-    char_dat[i].pc_class = 0;
+    strcpy(char_dat[i].name, cdat);
+    char_dat[i].species = 0;
     char_dat[i].base_level = 1;
     char_dat[i].job_level = 1;
     char_dat[i].base_exp = 0;
     char_dat[i].job_exp = 0;
     char_dat[i].zeny = start_zeny;
-    char_dat[i].str = dat[24];
-    char_dat[i].agi = dat[25];
-    char_dat[i].vit = dat[26];
-    char_dat[i].int_ = dat[27];
-    char_dat[i].dex = dat[28];
-    char_dat[i].luk = dat[29];
-    char_dat[i].max_hp = 40 * (100 + char_dat[i].vit) / 100;
-    char_dat[i].max_sp = 11 * (100 + char_dat[i].int_) / 100;
+    char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::STR] = dat[24];
+    char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::AGI] = dat[25];
+    char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::VIT] = dat[26];
+    char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::INT] = dat[27];
+    char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::DEX] = dat[28];
+    char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::LUK] = dat[29];
+    char_dat[i].max_hp = 40 * (100 + char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::VIT]) / 100;
+    char_dat[i].max_sp = 11 * (100 + char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::INT]) / 100;
     char_dat[i].hp = char_dat[i].max_hp;
     char_dat[i].sp = char_dat[i].max_sp;
     char_dat[i].status_point = 0;
     char_dat[i].skill_point = 0;
-    char_dat[i].option = 0;
+    char_dat[i].option = static_cast<Option>(0x0000); // Option is only declared
     char_dat[i].karma = 0;
     char_dat[i].manner = 0;
     char_dat[i].party_id = 0;
-    char_dat[i].guild_id = 0;
+    //char_dat[i].guild_id = 0;
     char_dat[i].hair = dat[33];
     char_dat[i].hair_color = dat[31];
     char_dat[i].clothes_color = 0;
     char_dat[i].inventory[0].nameid = start_weapon; // Knife
     char_dat[i].inventory[0].amount = 1;
-    char_dat[i].inventory[0].equip = 0x02;
+    char_dat[i].inventory[0].equip = EPOS::WEAPON;
     char_dat[i].inventory[0].identify = 1;
     char_dat[i].inventory[0].broken = 0;
     char_dat[i].inventory[1].nameid = start_armor;  // Cotton Shirt
     char_dat[i].inventory[1].amount = 1;
-    char_dat[i].inventory[1].equip = 0x10;
+    char_dat[i].inventory[1].equip = EPOS::MISC1;
     char_dat[i].inventory[1].identify = 1;
     char_dat[i].inventory[1].broken = 0;
-    char_dat[i].weapon = 1;
+    char_dat[i].weapon = ItemLook::BLADE;
     char_dat[i].shield = 0;
     char_dat[i].head_top = 0;
     char_dat[i].head_mid = 0;
     char_dat[i].head_bottom = 0;
-    memcpy (&char_dat[i].last_point, &start_point, sizeof (start_point));
-    memcpy (&char_dat[i].save_point, &start_point, sizeof (start_point));
+    memcpy(&char_dat[i].last_point, &start_point, sizeof(start_point));
+    memcpy(&char_dat[i].save_point, &start_point, sizeof(start_point));
     char_num++;
 
     return i;
 }
 
-//----------------------------------------------------
-// This function return the name of the job (by [Yor])
-//----------------------------------------------------
-static
-const char *job_name (int pc_class)
-{
-    switch (pc_class)
-    {
-        case 0:
-            return "Novice";
-        case 1:
-            return "Swordsman";
-        case 2:
-            return "Mage";
-        case 3:
-            return "Archer";
-        case 4:
-            return "Acolyte";
-        case 5:
-            return "Merchant";
-        case 6:
-            return "Thief";
-        case 7:
-            return "Knight";
-        case 8:
-            return "Priest";
-        case 9:
-            return "Wizard";
-        case 10:
-            return "Blacksmith";
-        case 11:
-            return "Hunter";
-        case 12:
-            return "Assassin";
-        case 13:
-            return "Knight 2";
-        case 14:
-            return "Crusader";
-        case 15:
-            return "Monk";
-        case 16:
-            return "Sage";
-        case 17:
-            return "Rogue";
-        case 18:
-            return "Alchemist";
-        case 19:
-            return "Bard";
-        case 20:
-            return "Dancer";
-        case 21:
-            return "Crusader 2";
-        case 22:
-            return "Wedding";
-        case 23:
-            return "Super Novice";
-        case 4001:
-            return "Novice High";
-        case 4002:
-            return "Swordsman High";
-        case 4003:
-            return "Mage High";
-        case 4004:
-            return "Archer High";
-        case 4005:
-            return "Acolyte High";
-        case 4006:
-            return "Merchant High";
-        case 4007:
-            return "Thief High";
-        case 4008:
-            return "Lord Knight";
-        case 4009:
-            return "High Priest";
-        case 4010:
-            return "High Wizard";
-        case 4011:
-            return "Whitesmith";
-        case 4012:
-            return "Sniper";
-        case 4013:
-            return "Assassin Cross";
-        case 4014:
-            return "Peko Knight";
-        case 4015:
-            return "Paladin";
-        case 4016:
-            return "Champion";
-        case 4017:
-            return "Professor";
-        case 4018:
-            return "Stalker";
-        case 4019:
-            return "Creator";
-        case 4020:
-            return "Clown";
-        case 4021:
-            return "Gypsy";
-        case 4022:
-            return "Peko Paladin";
-        case 4023:
-            return "Baby Novice";
-        case 4024:
-            return "Baby Swordsman";
-        case 4025:
-            return "Baby Mage";
-        case 4026:
-            return "Baby Archer";
-        case 4027:
-            return "Baby Acolyte";
-        case 4028:
-            return "Baby Merchant";
-        case 4029:
-            return "Baby Thief";
-        case 4030:
-            return "Baby Knight";
-        case 4031:
-            return "Baby Priest";
-        case 4032:
-            return "Baby Wizard";
-        case 4033:
-            return "Baby Blacksmith";
-        case 4034:
-            return "Baby Hunter";
-        case 4035:
-            return "Baby Assassin";
-        case 4036:
-            return "Baby Peco Knight";
-        case 4037:
-            return "Baby Crusader";
-        case 4038:
-            return "Baby Monk";
-        case 4039:
-            return "Baby Sage";
-        case 4040:
-            return "Baby Rogue";
-        case 4041:
-            return "Baby Alchemist";
-        case 4042:
-            return "Baby Bard";
-        case 4043:
-            return "Baby Dancer";
-        case 4044:
-            return "Baby Peco Crusader";
-        case 4045:
-            return "Super Baby";
-    }
-    return "Unknown Job";
-}
-
 //-------------------------------------------------------------
 // Function to create the online files (txt and html). by [Yor]
 //-------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-void create_online_files (void)
+void create_online_files(void)
 {
-    int  i, j, k, l;            // for loops
-    int  players;               // count the number of players
+    int i, j, k, l;            // for loops
+    int players;               // count the number of players
     FILE *fp;                   // for the txt file
     FILE *fp2;                  // for the html file
     char temp[256];             // to prepare what we must display
-    time_t time_server;         // for number of seconds
-    struct tm *datetime;        // variable for time in structure ->tm_mday, ->tm_sec, ...
-    int  id[char_num];
-
-    if (online_display_option == 0) // we display nothing, so return
-        return;
-
-    //char_log("Creation of online players files.\n");
+    int id[char_num];
 
     // Get number of online players, id of each online players
     players = 0;
@@ -1194,10 +837,10 @@ void create_online_files (void)
                 {
                     char *p_name = char_dat[i].name;    //speed up sorting when there are a lot of players. But very rarely players have same name.
                     for (j = 0; j < players; j++)
-                        if (strcasecmp (p_name, char_dat[id[j]].name) < 0 ||
+                        if (strcasecmp(p_name, char_dat[id[j]].name) < 0 ||
                             // if same name, we sort with case sensitive.
-                            (strcasecmp (p_name, char_dat[id[j]].name) == 0 &&
-                             strcmp (p_name, char_dat[id[j]].name) < 0))
+                            (strcasecmp(p_name, char_dat[id[j]].name) == 0 &&
+                             strcmp(p_name, char_dat[id[j]].name) < 0))
                         {
                             for (k = players; k > j; k--)
                                 id[k] = id[k - 1];
@@ -1211,7 +854,7 @@ void create_online_files (void)
                         if (char_dat[i].zeny < char_dat[id[j]].zeny ||
                             // if same number of zenys, we sort by name.
                             (char_dat[i].zeny == char_dat[id[j]].zeny &&
-                             strcasecmp (char_dat[i].name,
+                             strcasecmp(char_dat[i].name,
                                       char_dat[id[j]].name) < 0))
                         {
                             for (k = players; k > j; k--)
@@ -1236,34 +879,14 @@ void create_online_files (void)
                             break;
                         }
                     break;
-                case 4:        // by job (and job level)
-                    for (j = 0; j < players; j++)
-                        if (char_dat[i].pc_class < char_dat[id[j]].pc_class ||
-                            // if same job, we sort by job level.
-                            (char_dat[i].pc_class == char_dat[id[j]].pc_class &&
-                             char_dat[i].job_level <
-                             char_dat[id[j]].job_level) ||
-                            // if same job and job level, we sort by job exp.
-                            (char_dat[i].pc_class == char_dat[id[j]].pc_class &&
-                             char_dat[i].job_level ==
-                             char_dat[id[j]].job_level
-                             && char_dat[i].job_exp <
-                             char_dat[id[j]].job_exp))
-                        {
-                            for (k = players; k > j; k--)
-                                id[k] = id[k - 1];
-                            id[j] = i;  // id[players]
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    break;
                 case 5:        // by location map name
                 {
-                    int  cpm_result;    // A lot of player maps are identical. So, test if done often twice.
+                    int cpm_result;    // A lot of player maps are identical. So, test if done often twice.
                     for (j = 0; j < players; j++)
-                        if ((cpm_result = strcmp (char_dat[i].last_point.map, char_dat[id[j]].last_point.map)) < 0 ||   // no map are identical and with upper cases (not use strcasecmp)
+                        if ((cpm_result = strcmp(char_dat[i].last_point.map, char_dat[id[j]].last_point.map)) < 0 ||   // no map are identical and with upper cases (not use strcasecmp)
                             // if same map name, we sort by name.
                             (cpm_result == 0 &&
-                             strcasecmp (char_dat[i].name,
+                             strcasecmp(char_dat[i].name,
                                       char_dat[id[j]].name) < 0))
                         {
                             for (k = players; k > j; k--)
@@ -1281,222 +904,99 @@ void create_online_files (void)
     }
 
     // write files
-    fp = fopen_ (online_txt_filename, "w");
+    fp = fopen_(online_txt_filename, "w");
     if (fp != NULL)
     {
-        fp2 = fopen_ (online_html_filename, "w");
+        fp2 = fopen_(online_html_filename, "w");
         if (fp2 != NULL)
         {
             // get time
-            time (&time_server);    // get time in seconds since 1/1/1970
-            datetime = localtime (&time_server);    // convert seconds in structure
-            strftime (temp, sizeof (temp), "%d %b %Y %X", datetime);    // like sprintf, but only for date/time (05 dec 2003 15:12:52)
+#warning "Need to convert/check the PHP code"
+            timestamp_seconds_buffer timetemp;
+            stamp_time(timetemp);
             // write heading
-            fprintf (fp2, "<HTML>\n");
-            fprintf (fp2, "  <META http-equiv=\"Refresh\" content=\"%d\">\n", online_refresh_html); // update on client explorer every x seconds
-            fprintf (fp2, "  <HEAD>\n");
-            fprintf (fp2, "    <TITLE>Online Players on %s</TITLE>\n",
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "<HTML>\n");
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "  <META http-equiv=\"Refresh\" content=\"%d\">\n", online_refresh_html); // update on client explorer every x seconds
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "  <HEAD>\n");
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "    <TITLE>Online Players on %s</TITLE>\n",
                      server_name);
-            fprintf (fp2, "  </HEAD>\n");
-            fprintf (fp2, "  <BODY>\n");
-            fprintf (fp2, "    <H3>Online Players on %s (%s):</H3>\n",
-                     server_name, temp);
-            fprintf (fp, "Online Players on %s (%s):\n", server_name, temp);
-            fprintf (fp, "\n");
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "  </HEAD>\n");
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "  <BODY>\n");
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "    <H3>Online Players on %s (%s):</H3>\n",
+                     server_name, timetemp);
+            FPRINTF(fp, "Online Players on %s (%s):\n", server_name, timetemp);
+            FPRINTF(fp, "\n");
 
             // If we display at least 1 player
             if (players > 0)
             {
                 j = 0;          // count the number of characters for the txt version and to set the separate line
-                fprintf (fp2, "    <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\">\n");
-                fprintf (fp2, "      <tr>\n");
-                if ((online_display_option & 1)
-                    || (online_display_option & 64))
+                FPRINTF(fp2, "    <table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"1\">\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp2, "      <tr>\n");
                 {
-                    fprintf (fp2, "        <td><b>Name</b></td>\n");
-                    if (online_display_option & 64)
+                    FPRINTF(fp2, "        <td><b>Name</b></td>\n");
                     {
-                        fprintf (fp, "Name                          "); // 30
+                        FPRINTF(fp, "Name                          "); // 30
                         j += 30;
                     }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        fprintf (fp, "Name                     ");  // 25
-                        j += 25;
-                    }
-                }
-                if ((online_display_option & 6) == 6)
-                {
-                    fprintf (fp2, "        <td><b>Job (levels)</b></td>\n");
-                    fprintf (fp, "Job                 Levels ");    // 27
-                    j += 27;
-                }
-                else if (online_display_option & 2)
-                {
-                    fprintf (fp2, "        <td><b>Job</b></td>\n");
-                    fprintf (fp, "Job                ");    // 19
-                    j += 19;
-                }
-                else if (online_display_option & 4)
-                {
-                    fprintf (fp2, "        <td><b>Levels</b></td>\n");
-                    fprintf (fp, " Levels ");   // 8
-                    j += 8;
-                }
-                if (online_display_option & 24)
-                {               // 8 or 16
-                    fprintf (fp2, "        <td><b>Location</b></td>\n");
-                    if (online_display_option & 16)
-                    {
-                        fprintf (fp, "Location     ( x , y ) ");    // 23
-                        j += 23;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        fprintf (fp, "Location     ");  // 13
-                        j += 13;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (online_display_option & 32)
-                {
-                    fprintf (fp2,
-                             "        <td ALIGN=CENTER><b>zenys</b></td>\n");
-                    fprintf (fp, "          Zenys ");   // 16
-                    j += 16;
                 }
-                fprintf (fp2, "      </tr>\n");
-                fprintf (fp, "\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp2, "      </tr>\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp, "\n");
                 for (k = 0; k < j; k++)
-                    fprintf (fp, "-");
-                fprintf (fp, "\n");
+                    FPRINTF(fp, "-");
+                FPRINTF(fp, "\n");
 
                 // display each player.
                 for (i = 0; i < players; i++)
                 {
                     // get id of the character (more speed)
                     j = id[i];
-                    fprintf (fp2, "      <tr>\n");
+                    FPRINTF(fp2, "      <tr>\n");
                     // displaying the character name
-                    if ((online_display_option & 1)
-                        || (online_display_option & 64))
                     {           // without/with 'GM' display
-                        strcpy (temp, char_dat[j].name);
-                        l = isGM (char_dat[j].account_id);
-                        if (online_display_option & 64)
+                        strcpy(temp, char_dat[j].name);
+                        l = isGM(char_dat[j].account_id);
                         {
                             if (l >= online_gm_display_min_level)
-                                fprintf (fp, "%-24s (GM) ", temp);
+                                FPRINTF(fp, "%-24s (GM) ", temp);
                             else
-                                fprintf (fp, "%-24s      ", temp);
+                                FPRINTF(fp, "%-24s      ", temp);
                         }
-                        else
-                            fprintf (fp, "%-24s ", temp);
                         // name of the character in the html (no < >, because that create problem in html code)
-                        fprintf (fp2, "        <td>");
-                        if ((online_display_option & 64)
-                            && l >= online_gm_display_min_level)
-                            fprintf (fp2, "<b>");
+                        FPRINTF(fp2, "        <td>");
+                        if (l >= online_gm_display_min_level)
+                            FPRINTF(fp2, "<b>");
                         for (k = 0; temp[k]; k++)
                         {
                             switch (temp[k])
                             {
                                 case '<':  // <
-                                    fprintf (fp2, "&lt;");
+                                    FPRINTF(fp2, "&lt;");
                                     break;
                                 case '>':  // >
-                                    fprintf (fp2, "&gt;");
+                                    FPRINTF(fp2, "&gt;");
                                     break;
                                 default:
-                                    fprintf (fp2, "%c", temp[k]);
+                                    FPRINTF(fp2, "%c", temp[k]);
                                     break;
                             };
                         }
-                        if ((online_display_option & 64)
-                            && l >= online_gm_display_min_level)
-                            fprintf (fp2, "</b> (GM)");
-                        fprintf (fp2, "</td>\n");
+                        if (l >= online_gm_display_min_level)
+                            FPRINTF(fp2, "</b> (GM)");
+                        FPRINTF(fp2, "</td>\n");
                     }
-                    // displaying of the job
-                    if (online_display_option & 6)
-                    {
-                        const char *jobname = job_name (char_dat[j].pc_class);
-                        if ((online_display_option & 6) == 6)
-                        {
-                            fprintf (fp2, "        <td>%s %d/%d</td>\n",
-                                     jobname, char_dat[j].base_level,
-                                     char_dat[j].job_level);
-                            fprintf (fp, "%-18s %3d/%3d ", jobname,
-                                     char_dat[j].base_level,
-                                     char_dat[j].job_level);
-                        }
-                        else if (online_display_option & 2)
-                        {
-                            fprintf (fp2, "        <td>%s</td>\n", jobname);
-                            fprintf (fp, "%-18s ", jobname);
-                        }
-                        else if (online_display_option & 4)
-                        {
-                            fprintf (fp2, "        <td>%d/%d</td>\n",
-                                     char_dat[j].base_level,
-                                     char_dat[j].job_level);
-                            fprintf (fp, "%3d/%3d ", char_dat[j].base_level,
-                                     char_dat[j].job_level);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    // displaying of the map
-                    if (online_display_option & 24)
-                    {           // 8 or 16
-                        // prepare map name
-                        memset (temp, 0, sizeof (temp));
-                        strncpy (temp, char_dat[j].last_point.map, 16);
-                        if (strchr (temp, '.') != NULL)
-                            temp[strchr (temp, '.') - temp] = '\0'; // suppress the '.gat'
-                        // write map name
-                        if (online_display_option & 16)
-                        {       // map-name AND coordonates
-                            fprintf (fp2, "        <td>%s (%d, %d)</td>\n",
-                                     temp, char_dat[j].last_point.x,
-                                     char_dat[j].last_point.y);
-                            fprintf (fp, "%-12s (%3d,%3d) ", temp,
-                                     char_dat[j].last_point.x,
-                                     char_dat[j].last_point.y);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            fprintf (fp2, "        <td>%s</td>\n", temp);
-                            fprintf (fp, "%-12s ", temp);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    // displaying number of zenys
-                    if (online_display_option & 32)
-                    {
-                        // write number of zenys
-                        if (char_dat[j].zeny == 0)
-                        {       // if no zeny
-                            fprintf (fp2,
-                                     "        <td ALIGN=RIGHT>no zeny</td>\n");
-                            fprintf (fp, "        no zeny ");
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            fprintf (fp2,
-                                     "        <td ALIGN=RIGHT>%d z</td>\n",
-                                     char_dat[j].zeny);
-                            fprintf (fp, "%13d z ", char_dat[j].zeny);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    fprintf (fp, "\n");
-                    fprintf (fp2, "      </tr>\n");
+                    FPRINTF(fp, "\n");
+                    FPRINTF(fp2, "      </tr>\n");
                 }
-                fprintf (fp2, "    </table>\n");
-                fprintf (fp, "\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp2, "    </table>\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp, "\n");
             }
 
             // Displaying number of online players
             if (players == 0)
             {
-                fprintf (fp2, "    <p>No user is online.</p>\n");
-                fprintf (fp, "No user is online.\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp2, "    <p>No user is online.</p>\n");
+                FPRINTF(fp, "No user is online.\n");
                 // no display if only 1 player
             }
             else if (players == 1)
@@ -1504,14 +1004,14 @@ void create_online_files (void)
             }
             else
             {
-                fprintf (fp2, "    <p>%d users are online.</p>\n", players);
-                fprintf (fp, "%d users are online.\n", players);
+                FPRINTF(fp2, "    <p>%d users are online.</p>\n", players);
+                FPRINTF(fp, "%d users are online.\n", players);
             }
-            fprintf (fp2, "  </BODY>\n");
-            fprintf (fp2, "</HTML>\n");
-            fclose_ (fp2);
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "  </BODY>\n");
+            FPRINTF(fp2, "</HTML>\n");
+            fclose_(fp2);
         }
-        fclose_ (fp);
+        fclose_(fp);
     }
 
     return;
@@ -1521,9 +1021,9 @@ void create_online_files (void)
 // This function return the number of online players in all map-servers
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int count_users (void)
+int count_users(void)
 {
-    int  i, users;
+    int i, users;
 
     users = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
@@ -1536,12 +1036,13 @@ int count_users (void)
 //----------------------------------------
 // [Fate] Find inventory item based on equipment mask, return view.  ID must match view ID (!).
 //----------------------------------------
-static int find_equip_view (struct mmo_charstatus *p, unsigned int equipmask)
+static
+int find_equip_view(struct mmo_charstatus *p, EPOS equipmask)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
         if (p->inventory[i].nameid && p->inventory[i].amount
-            && p->inventory[i].equip & equipmask)
+            && bool(p->inventory[i].equip & equipmask))
             return p->inventory[i].nameid;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1550,9 +1051,9 @@ static int find_equip_view (struct mmo_charstatus *p, unsigned int equipmask)
 // Function to send characters to a player
 //----------------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_char_send006b (int fd, struct char_session_data *sd)
+int mmo_char_send006b(int fd, struct char_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, j, found_num;
+    int i, j, found_num;
     struct mmo_charstatus *p;
     const int offset = 24;
 
@@ -1570,78 +1071,78 @@ int mmo_char_send006b (int fd, struct char_session_data *sd)
     for (i = found_num; i < 9; i++)
         sd->found_char[i] = -1;
 
-    memset (WFIFOP (fd, 0), 0, offset + found_num * 106);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6b;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = offset + found_num * 106;
+    memset(WFIFOP(fd, 0), 0, offset + found_num * 106);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6b;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = offset + found_num * 106;
 
     for (i = 0; i < found_num; i++)
     {
         p = &char_dat[sd->found_char[i]];
         j = offset + (i * 106); // increase speed of code
 
-        WFIFOL (fd, j) = p->char_id;
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 4) = p->base_exp;
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 8) = p->zeny;
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 12) = p->job_exp;
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 16) = 0;    //p->job_level; // [Fate] We no longer reveal this to the player, as its meaning is weird.
-
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 20) = find_equip_view (p, 0x0040);  // 9: shoes
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 22) = find_equip_view (p, 0x0004);  // 10: gloves
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 24) = find_equip_view (p, 0x0008);  // 11: cape
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 26) = find_equip_view (p, 0x0010);  // 12: misc1
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 28) = p->option;
-
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 32) = p->karma;
-        WFIFOL (fd, j + 36) = p->manner;
-
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 40) = p->status_point;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 42) = (p->hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->hp;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 44) = (p->max_hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->max_hp;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 46) = (p->sp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->sp;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 48) = (p->max_sp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->max_sp;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 50) = DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED;   // p->speed;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 52) = p->pc_class;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 54) = p->hair;
+        WFIFOL(fd, j) = p->char_id;
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 4) = p->base_exp;
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 8) = p->zeny;
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 12) = p->job_exp;
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 16) = 0;    //p->job_level; // [Fate] We no longer reveal this to the player, as its meaning is weird.
+
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 20) = find_equip_view(p, EPOS::SHOES);
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 22) = find_equip_view(p, EPOS::GLOVES);
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 24) = find_equip_view(p, EPOS::CAPE);
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 26) = find_equip_view(p, EPOS::MISC1);
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 28) = static_cast<uint16_t>(p->option);
+
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 32) = p->karma;
+        WFIFOL(fd, j + 36) = p->manner;
+
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 40) = p->status_point;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 42) = (p->hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->hp;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 44) = (p->max_hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->max_hp;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 46) = (p->sp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->sp;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 48) = (p->max_sp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : p->max_sp;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 50) = static_cast<uint16_t>(DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED.count());   // p->speed;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 52) = p->species;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 54) = p->hair;
 //      WFIFOW(fd,j+56) = p->weapon; // dont send weapon since TMW does not support it
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 56) = 0;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 58) = p->base_level;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 60) = p->skill_point;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 62) = p->head_bottom;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 64) = p->shield;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 66) = p->head_top;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 68) = p->head_mid;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 70) = p->hair_color;
-        WFIFOW (fd, j + 72) = find_equip_view (p, 0x0080);  // 13: misc2
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 56) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 58) = p->base_level;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 60) = p->skill_point;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 62) = p->head_bottom;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 64) = p->shield;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 66) = p->head_top;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 68) = p->head_mid;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 70) = p->hair_color;
+        WFIFOW(fd, j + 72) = find_equip_view(p, EPOS::MISC2);
 //      WFIFOW(fd,j+72) = p->clothes_color;
 
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, j + 74), p->name, 24);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, j + 74), p->name, 24);
 
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 98) = (p->str > 255) ? 255 : p->str;
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 99) = (p->agi > 255) ? 255 : p->agi;
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 100) = (p->vit > 255) ? 255 : p->vit;
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 101) = (p->int_ > 255) ? 255 : p->int_;
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 102) = (p->dex > 255) ? 255 : p->dex;
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 103) = (p->luk > 255) ? 255 : p->luk;
-        WFIFOB (fd, j + 104) = p->char_num;
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 98) = min(p->attrs[ATTR::STR], 255);
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 99) = min(p->attrs[ATTR::AGI], 255);
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 100) = min(p->attrs[ATTR::VIT], 255);
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 101) = min(p->attrs[ATTR::INT], 255);
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 102) = min(p->attrs[ATTR::DEX], 255);
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 103) = min(p->attrs[ATTR::LUK], 255);
+        WFIFOB(fd, j + 104) = p->char_num;
     }
 
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int set_account_reg2 (int acc, int num, struct global_reg *reg)
+int set_account_reg2(int acc, int num, struct global_reg *reg)
 {
-    int  i, c;
+    int i, c;
 
     c = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
     {
         if (char_dat[i].account_id == acc)
         {
-            memcpy (char_dat[i].account_reg2, reg,
-                    sizeof (char_dat[i].account_reg2));
+            memcpy(char_dat[i].account_reg2, reg,
+                    sizeof(char_dat[i].account_reg2));
             char_dat[i].account_reg2_num = num;
             c++;
         }
@@ -1651,9 +1152,9 @@ int set_account_reg2 (int acc, int num, struct global_reg *reg)
 
 // Divorce a character from it's partner and let the map server know
 static
-int char_divorce (struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
+int char_divorce(struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     uint8_t buf[10];
 
     if (cs == NULL)
@@ -1661,23 +1162,23 @@ int char_divorce (struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
 
     if (cs->partner_id <= 0)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b12;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = cs->char_id;
-        WBUFL (buf, 6) = 0;     // partner id 0 means failure
-        mapif_sendall (buf, 10);
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b12;
+        WBUFL(buf, 2) = cs->char_id;
+        WBUFL(buf, 6) = 0;     // partner id 0 means failure
+        mapif_sendall(buf, 10);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b12;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = cs->char_id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b12;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = cs->char_id;
 
     for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
     {
         if (char_dat[i].char_id == cs->partner_id
             && char_dat[i].partner_id == cs->char_id)
         {
-            WBUFL (buf, 6) = cs->partner_id;
-            mapif_sendall (buf, 10);
+            WBUFL(buf, 6) = cs->partner_id;
+            mapif_sendall(buf, 10);
             cs->partner_id = 0;
             char_dat[i].partner_id = 0;
             return 0;
@@ -1686,17 +1187,17 @@ int char_divorce (struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
         // Don't worry about this, as the map server should verify itself that the other doesn't have us as a partner, and so won't mess with their marriage
         else if (char_dat[i].char_id == cs->partner_id)
         {
-            WBUFL (buf, 6) = cs->partner_id;
-            mapif_sendall (buf, 10);
+            WBUFL(buf, 6) = cs->partner_id;
+            mapif_sendall(buf, 10);
             cs->partner_id = 0;
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
     // Our partner wasn't found, so just clear our marriage
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = cs->partner_id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = cs->partner_id;
     cs->partner_id = 0;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 10);
+    mapif_sendall(buf, 10);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1705,9 +1206,9 @@ int char_divorce (struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
 // Force disconnection of an online player (with account value) by [Yor]
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int disconnect_player (int accound_id)
+int disconnect_player(int accound_id)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct char_session_data *sd;
 
     // disconnect player if online on char-server
@@ -1727,32 +1228,29 @@ int disconnect_player (int accound_id)
 }
 
 // キャラ削除�伴�データ削除
-static int char_delete (struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
+static
+int char_delete(struct mmo_charstatus *cs)
 {
-
-    // ギルド脱退
-    if (cs->guild_id)
-        inter_guild_leave (cs->guild_id, cs->account_id, cs->char_id);
     // パーティー脱退
     if (cs->party_id)
-        inter_party_leave (cs->party_id, cs->account_id);
+        inter_party_leave(cs->party_id, cs->account_id);
     // 離婚
     if (cs->partner_id)
-        char_divorce (cs);
+        char_divorce(cs);
 
     // Force the character (and all on the same account) to leave all map servers
     {
         unsigned char buf[6];
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2afe;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = cs->account_id;
-        mapif_sendall (buf, 6);
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2afe;
+        WBUFL(buf, 2) = cs->account_id;
+        mapif_sendall(buf, 6);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-void parse_tologin (int fd)
+void parse_tologin(int fd)
 {
     struct char_session_data *sd;
 
@@ -1762,42 +1260,37 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
     {
         if (fd == login_fd)
         {
-            printf
-                ("Char-server can't connect to login-server (connection #%d).\n",
+            PRINTF("Char-server can't connect to login-server (connection #%d).\n",
                  fd);
             login_fd = -1;
         }
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
     sd = (struct char_session_data*)session[fd]->session_data;
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
-//      printf("parse_tologin: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n", fd, RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOREST(fd));
+//      PRINTF("parse_tologin: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n", fd, RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOREST(fd));
 
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
             case 0x2711:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 3)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 3)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOB (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
                 {
-//              printf("connect login server error : %d\n", RFIFOB(fd,2));
-                    printf ("Can not connect to login-server.\n");
-                    printf
-                        ("The server communication passwords (default s1/p1) is probably invalid.\n");
-                    printf
-                        ("Also, please make sure your accounts file (default: accounts.txt) has those values present.\n");
-                    printf
-                        ("If you changed the communication passwords, change them back at map_athena.conf and char_athena.conf\n");
-                    exit (1);
+//              PRINTF("connect login server error : %d\n", RFIFOB(fd,2));
+                    PRINTF("Can not connect to login-server.\n");
+                    PRINTF("The server communication passwords (default s1/p1) is probably invalid.\n");
+                    PRINTF("Also, please make sure your accounts file (default: accounts.txt) has those values present.\n");
+                    PRINTF("If you changed the communication passwords, change them back at map_athena.conf and char_athena.conf\n");
+                    exit(1);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    printf ("Connected to login-server (connection #%d).\n",
+                    PRINTF("Connected to login-server (connection #%d).\n",
                             fd);
                     // if no map-server already connected, display a message...
                     int i;
@@ -1805,137 +1298,114 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
                         if (server_fd[i] >= 0 && server[i].map[0][0])   // if map-server online and at least 1 map
                             break;
                     if (i == MAX_MAP_SERVERS)
-                        printf ("Awaiting maps from map-server.\n");
+                        PRINTF("Awaiting maps from map-server.\n");
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 3);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 3);
                 break;
 
             case 0x2713:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 51)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 51)
                     return;
-//          printf("parse_tologin 2713 : %d\n", RFIFOB(fd,6));
+//          PRINTF("parse_tologin 2713 : %d\n", RFIFOB(fd,6));
                 for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
                 {
                     if (session[i] && (sd = (struct char_session_data*)session[i]->session_data)
-                        && sd->account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                        && sd->account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                     {
-                        if (RFIFOB (fd, 6) != 0)
+                        if (RFIFOB(fd, 6) != 0)
                         {
-                            WFIFOW (i, 0) = 0x6c;
-                            WFIFOB (i, 2) = 0x42;
-                            WFIFOSET (i, 3);
+                            WFIFOW(i, 0) = 0x6c;
+                            WFIFOB(i, 2) = 0x42;
+                            WFIFOSET(i, 3);
                         }
                         else if (max_connect_user == 0
-                                 || count_users () < max_connect_user)
+                                 || count_users() < max_connect_user)
                         {
 //                      if (max_connect_user == 0)
-//                          printf("max_connect_user (unlimited) -> accepted.\n");
+//                          PRINTF("max_connect_user (unlimited) -> accepted.\n");
 //                      else
-//                          printf("count_users(): %d < max_connect_user (%d) -> accepted.\n", count_users(), max_connect_user);
-                            memcpy (sd->email, RFIFOP (fd, 7), 40);
-                            if (e_mail_check (sd->email) == 0)
-                                strncpy (sd->email, "a@a.com", 40); // default e-mail
-                            sd->connect_until_time = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 47);
+//                          PRINTF("count_users(): %d < max_connect_user (%d) -> accepted.\n", count_users(), max_connect_user);
+                            memcpy(sd->email, RFIFOP(fd, 7), 40);
+                            if (e_mail_check(sd->email) == 0)
+                                strzcpy(sd->email, "a@a.com", 40); // default e-mail
+                            sd->connect_until_time = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 47));
                             // send characters to player
-                            mmo_char_send006b (i, sd);
+                            mmo_char_send006b(i, sd);
                         }
                         else
                         {
                             // refuse connection: too much online players
-//                      printf("count_users(): %d < max_connect_use (%d) -> fail...\n", count_users(), max_connect_user);
-                            WFIFOW (i, 0) = 0x6c;
-                            WFIFOW (i, 2) = 0;
-                            WFIFOSET (i, 3);
+//                      PRINTF("count_users(): %d < max_connect_use (%d) -> fail...\n", count_users(), max_connect_user);
+                            WFIFOW(i, 0) = 0x6c;
+                            WFIFOB(i, 2) = 0;
+                            WFIFOSET(i, 3);
                         }
                         break;
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 51);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 51);
                 break;
 
                 // Receiving of an e-mail/time limit from the login-server (answer of a request because a player comes back from map-server to char-server) by [Yor]
             case 0x2717:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 50)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 50)
                     return;
                 for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
                 {
                     if (session[i] && (sd = (struct char_session_data*)session[i]->session_data))
                     {
-                        if (sd->account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                        if (sd->account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                         {
-                            memcpy (sd->email, RFIFOP (fd, 6), 40);
-                            if (e_mail_check (sd->email) == 0)
-                                strncpy (sd->email, "a@a.com", 40); // default e-mail
-                            sd->connect_until_time = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 46);
+                            memcpy(sd->email, RFIFOP(fd, 6), 40);
+                            if (e_mail_check(sd->email) == 0)
+                                strzcpy(sd->email, "a@a.com", 40); // default e-mail
+                            sd->connect_until_time = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 46));
                             break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 50);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 50);
                 break;
 
             case 0x2721:       // gm reply
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 10)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 10)
                     return;
                 {
                     unsigned char buf[10];
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b0b;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);    // account
-                    WBUFL (buf, 6) = RFIFOL (fd, 6);    // GM level
-                    mapif_sendall (buf, 10);
-//          printf("parse_tologin: To become GM answer: char -> map.\n");
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b0b;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);    // account
+                    WBUFL(buf, 6) = RFIFOL(fd, 6);    // GM level
+                    mapif_sendall(buf, 10);
+//          PRINTF("parse_tologin: To become GM answer: char -> map.\n");
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 10);
                 break;
 
             case 0x2723:       // changesex reply (modified by [Yor])
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 7)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 7)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc, sex, i, j;
+                    int acc, sex, i, j;
                     unsigned char buf[7];
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    sex = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 7);
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    sex = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 7);
                     if (acc > 0)
                     {
                         for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
                         {
                             if (char_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                             {
-                                int  jobclass = char_dat[i].pc_class;
                                 char_dat[i].sex = sex;
 //                      auth_fifo[i].sex = sex;
-                                if (jobclass == 19 || jobclass == 20 ||
-                                    jobclass == 4020 || jobclass == 4021 ||
-                                    jobclass == 4042 || jobclass == 4043)
-                                {
-                                    // job modification
-                                    if (jobclass == 19 || jobclass == 20)
-                                    {
-                                        char_dat[i].pc_class = (sex) ? 19 : 20;
-                                    }
-                                    else if (jobclass == 4020
-                                             || jobclass == 4021)
-                                    {
-                                        char_dat[i].pc_class =
-                                            (sex) ? 4020 : 4021;
-                                    }
-                                    else if (jobclass == 4042
-                                             || jobclass == 4043)
-                                    {
-                                        char_dat[i].pc_class =
-                                            (sex) ? 4042 : 4043;
-                                    }
-                                }
                                 // to avoid any problem with equipment and invalid sex, equipment is unequiped.
                                 for (j = 0; j < MAX_INVENTORY; j++)
                                 {
                                     if (char_dat[i].inventory[j].nameid
-                                        && char_dat[i].inventory[j].equip)
-                                        char_dat[i].inventory[j].equip = 0;
+                                        && bool(char_dat[i].inventory[j].equip))
+                                        char_dat[i].inventory[j].equip = EPOS::ZERO;
                                 }
-                                char_dat[i].weapon = 0;
+                                char_dat[i].weapon = ItemLook::NONE;
                                 char_dat[i].shield = 0;
                                 char_dat[i].head_top = 0;
                                 char_dat[i].head_mid = 0;
@@ -1943,22 +1413,21 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
                             }
                         }
                         // disconnect player if online on char-server
-                        disconnect_player (acc);
+                        disconnect_player(acc);
                     }
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b0d;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = acc;
-                    WBUFB (buf, 6) = sex;
-                    mapif_sendall (buf, 7);
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b0d;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = acc;
+                    WBUFB(buf, 6) = sex;
+                    mapif_sendall(buf, 7);
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 0x2726:       // Request to send a broadcast message (no answer)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 8
-                    || RFIFOREST (fd) < (8 + RFIFOL (fd, 4)))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 8
+                    || RFIFOREST(fd) < (8 + RFIFOL(fd, 4)))
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 4) < 1)
-                    char_log
-                        ("Receiving a message for broadcast, but message is void.\n");
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 4) < 1)
+                    CHAR_LOG("Receiving a message for broadcast, but message is void.\n");
                 else
                 {
                     int i;
@@ -1967,173 +1436,149 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
                         if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
                             break;
                     if (i == MAX_MAP_SERVERS)
-                        char_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast, but no map-server is online.\n");
+                        CHAR_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast, but no map-server is online.\n");
                     else
                     {
                         uint8_t buf[128];
-                        char message[RFIFOL (fd, 4) + 1];   // +1 to add a null terminated if not exist in the packet
-                        int  lp;
+                        char message[RFIFOL(fd, 4) + 1];   // +1 to add a null terminated if not exist in the packet
+                        int lp;
                         char *p;
-                        memset (message, '\0', sizeof (message));
-                        memcpy (message, RFIFOP (fd, 8), RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-                        message[sizeof (message) - 1] = '\0';
-                        remove_control_chars (message);
+                        memset(message, '\0', sizeof(message));
+                        memcpy(message, RFIFOP(fd, 8), RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+                        message[sizeof(message) - 1] = '\0';
+                        remove_control_chars(message);
                         // remove all first spaces
                         p = message;
                         while (p[0] == ' ')
                             p++;
                         // if message is only composed of spaces
                         if (p[0] == '\0')
-                            char_log
-                                ("Receiving a message for broadcast, but message is only a lot of spaces.\n");
+                            CHAR_LOG("Receiving a message for broadcast, but message is only a lot of spaces.\n");
                         // else send message to all map-servers
                         else
                         {
-                            if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 0)
+                            if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 0)
                             {
-                                char_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in yellow): %s)\n",
-                                     message);
+                                const char *message_ptr = message;
+                                CHAR_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in yellow): %s)\n",
+                                     message_ptr);
                                 lp = 4;
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                char_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in blue): %s)\n",
-                                     message);
+                                const char *message_ptr = message;
+                                CHAR_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in blue): %s)\n",
+                                     message_ptr);
                                 lp = 8;
                             }
-                            // split message to max 80 char
-                            while (p[0] != '\0')
-                            {   // if not finish
-                                if (p[0] == ' ')    // jump if first char is a space
-                                    p++;
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    char split[80];
-                                    char *last_space;
-                                    sscanf (p, "%79[^\t]", split);  // max 79 char, any char (\t is control char and control char was removed before)
-                                    split[sizeof (split) - 1] = '\0';   // last char always \0
-                                    if ((last_space =
-                                         strrchr (split, ' ')) != NULL)
-                                    {   // searching space from end of the string
-                                        last_space[0] = '\0';   // replace it by NULL to have correct length of split
-                                        p++;    // to jump the new NULL
-                                    }
-                                    p += strlen (split);
-                                    // send broadcast to all map-servers
-                                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3800;
-                                    WBUFW (buf, 2) = lp + strlen (split) + 1;
-                                    WBUFL (buf, 4) = 0x65756c62;    // only write if in blue (lp = 8)
-                                    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, lp), split,
-                                            strlen (split) + 1);
-                                    mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-                                }
-                            }
+                            // send broadcast to all map-servers
+                            WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3800;
+                            WBUFW(buf, 2) = lp + sizeof(message);
+                            WBUFL(buf, 4) = 0x65756c62;    // only write if in blue (lp = 8)
+                            memcpy(WBUFP(buf, lp), message, sizeof(message));
+                            mapif_sendall(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 8 + RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 8 + RFIFOL(fd, 4));
                 break;
 
                 // account_reg2変更通知
             case 0x2729:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
                     struct global_reg reg[ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM];
                     unsigned char buf[4096];
-                    int  j, p, acc;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
+                    int j, p, acc;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
                     for (p = 8, j = 0;
-                         p < RFIFOW (fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
+                         p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
                          p += 36, j++)
                     {
-                        memcpy (reg[j].str, RFIFOP (fd, p), 32);
-                        reg[j].value = RFIFOL (fd, p + 32);
+                        memcpy(reg[j].str, RFIFOP(fd, p), 32);
+                        reg[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
                     }
-                    set_account_reg2 (acc, j, reg);
+                    set_account_reg2(acc, j, reg);
                     // �垢ログインを�止���れ��る必��無�
-                    memcpy (buf, RFIFOP (fd, 0), RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b11;
-                    mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-//          printf("char: save_account_reg_reply\n");
+                    memcpy(buf, RFIFOP(fd, 0), RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b11;
+                    mapif_sendall(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+//          PRINTF("char: save_account_reg_reply\n");
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 0x7924:
             {                   // [Fate] Itemfrob package: forwarded from login-server
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 10)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 10)
                     return;
-                int  source_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                int  dest_id = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
+                int source_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                int dest_id = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
                 unsigned char buf[10];
 
-                WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2afa;
-                WBUFL (buf, 2) = source_id;
-                WBUFL (buf, 6) = dest_id;
+                WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2afa;
+                WBUFL(buf, 2) = source_id;
+                WBUFL(buf, 6) = dest_id;
 
-                mapif_sendall (buf, 10);    // forward package to map servers
+                mapif_sendall(buf, 10);    // forward package to map servers
                 for (int i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
                 {
                     struct mmo_charstatus *c = char_dat + i;
-                    struct storage *s = account2storage (c->account_id);
-                    int  changes = 0;
-                    int  j;
+                    struct storage *s = account2storage(c->account_id);
+                    int changes = 0;
+                    int j;
 #define FIX(v) if (v == source_id) {v = dest_id; ++changes; }
                     for (j = 0; j < MAX_INVENTORY; j++)
-                        FIX (c->inventory[j].nameid);
+                        FIX(c->inventory[j].nameid);
                     for (j = 0; j < MAX_CART; j++)
-                        FIX (c->cart[j].nameid);
-                    FIX (c->weapon);
-                    FIX (c->shield);
-                    FIX (c->head_top);
-                    FIX (c->head_mid);
-                    FIX (c->head_bottom);
+                        FIX(c->cart[j].nameid);
+                    // FIX(c->weapon);
+                    FIX(c->shield);
+                    FIX(c->head_top);
+                    FIX(c->head_mid);
+                    FIX(c->head_bottom);
 
                     if (s)
                         for (j = 0; j < s->storage_amount; j++)
-                            FIX (s->storage_[j].nameid);
+                            FIX(s->storage_[j].nameid);
 #undef FIX
                     if (changes)
-                        char_log
-                            ("itemfrob(%d -> %d):  `%s'(%d, account %d): changed %d times\n",
+                        CHAR_LOG("itemfrob(%d -> %d):  `%s'(%d, account %d): changed %d times\n",
                              source_id, dest_id, c->name, c->char_id,
                              c->account_id, changes);
 
                 }
 
-                mmo_char_sync ();
-                inter_storage_save ();
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 10);
+                mmo_char_sync();
+                inter_storage_save();
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 10);
                 break;
             }
 
                 // Account deletion notification (from login-server)
             case 0x2730:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
                 // Deletion of all characters of the account
                 for (int i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
                 {
-                    if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                    if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                     {
-                        char_delete (&char_dat[i]);
+                        char_delete(&char_dat[i]);
                         if (i < char_num - 1)
                         {
-                            memcpy (&char_dat[i], &char_dat[char_num - 1],
-                                    sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
+                            memcpy(&char_dat[i], &char_dat[char_num - 1],
+                                    sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
                             // if moved character owns to deleted account, check again it's character
-                            if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                            if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                             {
                                 i--;
                                 // Correct moved character reference in the character's owner by [Yor]
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                int  j, k;
+                                int j, k;
                                 struct char_session_data *sd2;
                                 for (j = 0; j < fd_max; j++)
                                 {
@@ -2160,76 +1605,74 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
                     }
                 }
                 // Deletion of the storage
-                inter_storage_delete (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                inter_storage_delete(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 // send to all map-servers to disconnect the player
                 {
                     unsigned char buf[6];
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b13;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    mapif_sendall (buf, 6);
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b13;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    mapif_sendall(buf, 6);
                 }
                 // disconnect player if online on char-server
-                disconnect_player (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                disconnect_player(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
                 // State change of account/ban notification (from login-server) by [Yor]
             case 0x2731:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 11)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 11)
                     return;
                 // send to all map-servers to disconnect the player
                 {
                     unsigned char buf[11];
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b14;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    WBUFB (buf, 6) = RFIFOB (fd, 6);    // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                    WBUFL (buf, 7) = RFIFOL (fd, 7);    // status or final date of a banishment
-                    mapif_sendall (buf, 11);
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b14;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    WBUFB(buf, 6) = RFIFOB(fd, 6);    // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                    WBUFL(buf, 7) = RFIFOL(fd, 7);    // status or final date of a banishment
+                    mapif_sendall(buf, 11);
                 }
                 // disconnect player if online on char-server
-                disconnect_player (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 11);
+                disconnect_player(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 11);
                 break;
 
                 // Receiving GM acounts info from login-server (by [Yor])
             case 0x2732:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
                     uint8_t buf[32000];
                     if (gm_account != NULL)
-                        free (gm_account);
-                    CREATE (gm_account, struct gm_account, (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4) / 5);
+                        free(gm_account);
+                    CREATE(gm_account, struct gm_account, (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 5);
                     GM_num = 0;
-                    for (int i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i = i + 5)
+                    for (int i = 4; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i = i + 5)
                     {
-                        gm_account[GM_num].account_id = RFIFOL (fd, i);
-                        gm_account[GM_num].level = (int) RFIFOB (fd, i + 4);
-                        //printf("GM account: %d -> level %d\n", gm_account[GM_num].account_id, gm_account[GM_num].level);
+                        gm_account[GM_num].account_id = RFIFOL(fd, i);
+                        gm_account[GM_num].level = (int) RFIFOB(fd, i + 4);
+                        //PRINTF("GM account: %d -> level %d\n", gm_account[GM_num].account_id, gm_account[GM_num].level);
                         GM_num++;
                     }
-                    printf
-                        ("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
+                    PRINTF("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
                          GM_num);
-                    char_log
-                        ("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
+                    CHAR_LOG("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
                          GM_num);
-                    create_online_files (); // update online players files (perhaps some online players change of GM level)
+                    create_online_files(); // update online players files (perhaps some online players change of GM level)
                     // send new gm acccounts level to map-servers
-                    memcpy (buf, RFIFOP (fd, 0), RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b15;
-                    mapif_sendall (buf, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                    memcpy(buf, RFIFOP(fd, 0), RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b15;
+                    mapif_sendall(buf, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
             case 0x2741:       // change password reply
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 7)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 7)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc, status, i;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    status = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
+                    int acc, status, i;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    status = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
 
                     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
                     {
@@ -2237,15 +1680,15 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
                         {
                             if (sd->account_id == acc)
                             {
-                                WFIFOW (i, 0) = 0x62;
-                                WFIFOB (i, 2) = status;
-                                WFIFOSET (i, 3);
+                                WFIFOW(i, 0) = 0x62;
+                                WFIFOB(i, 2) = status;
+                                WFIFOSET(i, 3);
                                 break;
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 7);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 7);
                 break;
 
             default:
@@ -2253,30 +1696,27 @@ void parse_tologin (int fd)
                 return;
         }
     }
-    RFIFOFLUSH (fd);
 }
 
 //--------------------------------
 // Map-server anti-freeze system
 //--------------------------------
 static
-void map_anti_freeze_system (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void map_anti_freeze_system(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    //printf("Entering in map_anti_freeze_system function to check freeze of servers.\n");
+    //PRINTF("Entering in map_anti_freeze_system function to check freeze of servers.\n");
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
     {
         if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
         {                       // if map-server is online
-            //printf("map_anti_freeze_system: server #%d, flag: %d.\n", i, server_freezeflag[i]);
+            //PRINTF("map_anti_freeze_system: server #%d, flag: %d.\n", i, server_freezeflag[i]);
             if (server_freezeflag[i]-- < 1)
             {                   // Map-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-                printf
-                    ("Map-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
+                PRINTF("Map-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
                      i);
-                char_log
-                    ("Map-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
+                CHAR_LOG("Map-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
                      i);
                 session[server_fd[i]]->eof = 1;
             }
@@ -2285,10 +1725,10 @@ void map_anti_freeze_system (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_d
 }
 
 static
-void parse_frommap (int fd)
+void parse_frommap(int fd)
 {
-    int  i, j;
-    int  id;
+    int i, j;
+    int id;
 
     for (id = 0; id < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; id++)
         if (server_fd[id] == fd)
@@ -2297,162 +1737,155 @@ void parse_frommap (int fd)
     {
         if (id < MAX_MAP_SERVERS)
         {
-            printf ("Map-server %d (session #%d) has disconnected.\n", id,
+            PRINTF("Map-server %d (session #%d) has disconnected.\n", id,
                     fd);
-            memset (&server[id], 0, sizeof (struct mmo_map_server));
+            memset(&server[id], 0, sizeof(struct mmo_map_server));
             server_fd[id] = -1;
             for (j = 0; j < char_num; j++)
                 if (online_chars[j] == fd)
                     online_chars[j] = -1;
-            create_online_files (); // update online players files (to remove all online players of this server)
+            create_online_files(); // update online players files (to remove all online players of this server)
         }
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
-//      printf("parse_frommap: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n", fd, RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOREST(fd));
+//      PRINTF("parse_frommap: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n", fd, RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOREST(fd));
 
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
                 // request from map-server to reload GM accounts. Transmission to login-server (by Yor)
             case 0x2af7:
                 if (login_fd > 0)
                 {               // don't send request if no login-server
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2709;
-                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 2);
-//              printf("char : request from map-server to reload GM accounts -> login-server.\n");
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2709;
+                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 2);
+//              PRINTF("char : request from map-server to reload GM accounts -> login-server.\n");
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
 
                 // Receiving map names list from the map-server
             case 0x2afa:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
-                memset (server[id].map, 0, sizeof (server[id].map));
+                memset(server[id].map, 0, sizeof(server[id].map));
                 j = 0;
-                for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i += 16)
+                for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i += 16)
                 {
-                    memcpy (server[id].map[j], RFIFOP (fd, i), 16);
-//              printf("set map %d.%d : %s\n", id, j, server[id].map[j]);
+                    memcpy(server[id].map[j], RFIFOP(fd, i), 16);
+//              PRINTF("set map %d.%d : %s\n", id, j, server[id].map[j]);
                     j++;
                 }
                 {
                     unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &server[id].ip;
-                    printf
-                        ("Map-Server %d connected: %d maps, from IP %d.%d.%d.%d port %d.\n",
+                    PRINTF("Map-Server %d connected: %d maps, from IP %d.%d.%d.%d port %d.\n",
                          id, j, p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3], server[id].port);
-                    printf ("Map-server %d loading complete.\n", id);
-                    char_log
-                        ("Map-Server %d connected: %d maps, from IP %d.%d.%d.%d port %d. Map-server %d loading complete.\n",
+                    PRINTF("Map-server %d loading complete.\n", id);
+                    CHAR_LOG("Map-Server %d connected: %d maps, from IP %d.%d.%d.%d port %d. Map-server %d loading complete.\n",
                          id, j, p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3],
                          server[id].port, id);
                 }
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2afb;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 3), wisp_server_name, 24);  // name for wisp to player
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 27);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2afb;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 3), wisp_server_name, 24);  // name for wisp to player
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 27);
                 {
                     unsigned char buf[16384];
-                    int  x;
+                    int x;
                     if (j == 0)
                     {
-                        printf ("WARNING: Map-Server %d have NO map.\n", id);
-                        char_log ("WARNING: Map-Server %d have NO map.\n",
+                        PRINTF("WARNING: Map-Server %d have NO map.\n", id);
+                        CHAR_LOG("WARNING: Map-Server %d have NO map.\n",
                                   id);
                         // Transmitting maps information to the other map-servers
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b04;
-                        WBUFW (buf, 2) = j * 16 + 10;
-                        WBUFL (buf, 4) = server[id].ip;
-                        WBUFW (buf, 8) = server[id].port;
-                        memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 10), RFIFOP (fd, 4), j * 16);
-                        mapif_sendallwos (fd, buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
+                        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b04;
+                        WBUFW(buf, 2) = j * 16 + 10;
+                        WBUFL(buf, 4) = server[id].ip;
+                        WBUFW(buf, 8) = server[id].port;
+                        memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 10), RFIFOP(fd, 4), j * 16);
+                        mapif_sendallwos(fd, buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
                     }
                     // Transmitting the maps of the other map-servers to the new map-server
                     for (x = 0; x < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; x++)
                     {
                         if (server_fd[x] >= 0 && x != id)
                         {
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b04;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = server[x].ip;
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 8) = server[x].port;
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b04;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = server[x].ip;
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 8) = server[x].port;
                             j = 0;
                             for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER; i++)
                                 if (server[x].map[i][0])
-                                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 10 + (j++) * 16),
+                                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 10 + (j++) * 16),
                                             server[x].map[i], 16);
                             if (j > 0)
                             {
-                                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = j * 16 + 10;
-                                WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = j * 16 + 10;
+                                WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
                 // �証�求
             case 0x2afc:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 22)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 22)
                     return;
-                //printf("auth_fifo search: account: %d, char: %d, secure: %08x-%08x\n", RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6), RFIFOL(fd,10), RFIFOL(fd,14));
+                //PRINTF("auth_fifo search: account: %d, char: %d, secure: %08x-%08x\n", RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6), RFIFOL(fd,10), RFIFOL(fd,14));
                 for (i = 0; i < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; i++)
                 {
-                    if (auth_fifo[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2) &&
-                        auth_fifo[i].char_id == RFIFOL (fd, 6) &&
-                        auth_fifo[i].login_id1 == RFIFOL (fd, 10) &&
-#if CMP_AUTHFIFO_LOGIN2 != 0
+                    if (auth_fifo[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2) &&
+                        auth_fifo[i].char_id == RFIFOL(fd, 6) &&
+                        auth_fifo[i].login_id1 == RFIFOL(fd, 10) &&
                         // here, it's the only area where it's possible that we doesn't know login_id2 (map-server asks just after 0x72 packet, that doesn't given the value)
-                        (auth_fifo[i].login_id2 == RFIFOL (fd, 14) || RFIFOL (fd, 14) == 0) &&  // relate to the versions higher than 18
-#endif
-                        (!check_ip_flag || auth_fifo[i].ip == RFIFOL (fd, 18))
+                        (auth_fifo[i].login_id2 == RFIFOL(fd, 14) || RFIFOL(fd, 14) == 0) &&  // relate to the versions higher than 18
+                        (!check_ip_flag || auth_fifo[i].ip == RFIFOL(fd, 18))
                         && !auth_fifo[i].delflag)
                     {
                         auth_fifo[i].delflag = 1;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2afd;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 18 + sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 4) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 8) = auth_fifo[i].login_id2;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 12) =
-                            (unsigned long) auth_fifo[i].connect_until_time;
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2afd;
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 18 + sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 4) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 8) = auth_fifo[i].login_id2;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 12) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_fifo[i].connect_until_time);
                         char_dat[auth_fifo[i].char_pos].sex =
                             auth_fifo[i].sex;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 16) = auth_fifo[i].packet_tmw_version;
-                        fprintf (stderr,
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 16) = auth_fifo[i].packet_tmw_version;
+                        FPRINTF(stderr,
                                  "From queue index %d: recalling packet version %d\n",
                                  i, auth_fifo[i].packet_tmw_version);
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 18),
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 18),
                                 &char_dat[auth_fifo[i].char_pos],
-                                sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-                        //printf("auth_fifo search success (auth #%d, account %d, character: %d).\n", i, RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6));
+                                sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
+                        //PRINTF("auth_fifo search success (auth #%d, account %d, character: %d).\n", i, RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6));
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 if (i == AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
                 {
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2afe;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 6);
-                    printf
-                        ("auth_fifo search error! account %d not authentified.\n",
-                         RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2afe;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 6);
+                    PRINTF("auth_fifo search error! account %d not authentified.\n",
+                         RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 22);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 22);
                 break;
 
                 // MAPサー�ー上�ユーザー数�信
             case 0x2aff:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
-                server[id].users = RFIFOW (fd, 4);
+                server[id].users = RFIFOW(fd, 4);
                 if (anti_freeze_enable)
                     server_freezeflag[id] = 5;  // Map anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
                 // remove all previously online players of the server
@@ -2462,283 +1895,285 @@ void parse_frommap (int fd)
                 // add online players in the list by [Yor]
                 for (i = 0; i < server[id].users; i++)
                 {
-                    int  char_id = RFIFOL (fd, 6 + i * 4);
+                    int char_id = RFIFOL(fd, 6 + i * 4);
                     for (j = 0; j < char_num; j++)
                         if (char_dat[j].char_id == char_id)
                         {
                             online_chars[j] = id;
-                            //printf("%d\n", char_id);
+                            //PRINTF("%d\n", char_id);
                             break;
                         }
                 }
-                if (update_online < time (NULL))
-                {               // Time is done
-                    update_online = time (NULL) + 8;
-                    create_online_files (); // only every 8 sec. (normally, 1 server send users every 5 sec.) Don't update every time, because that takes time, but only every 2 connection.
+                if (update_online < TimeT::now())
+                {
+                    // Time is done
+                    update_online = static_cast<time_t>(TimeT::now()) + 8;
+                    create_online_files();
+                    // only every 8 sec. (normally, 1 server send users every 5 sec.) Don't update every time, because that takes time, but only every 2 connection.
                     // it set to 8 sec because is more than 5 (sec) and if we have more than 1 map-server, informations can be received in shifted.
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6 + i * 4);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6 + i * 4);
                 break;
 
                 // キャラデータ�存
             case 0x2b01:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
                 {
-                    if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 4) &&
-                        char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL (fd, 8))
+                    if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 4) &&
+                        char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL(fd, 8))
                         break;
                 }
                 if (i != char_num)
-                    memcpy (&char_dat[i], RFIFOP (fd, 12),
-                            sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                    memcpy(&char_dat[i], RFIFOP(fd, 12),
+                            sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
                 // キャラセレ�求
             case 0x2b02:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 18)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 18)
                     return;
                 if (auth_fifo_pos >= AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
                     auth_fifo_pos = 0;
-                //printf("auth_fifo set (auth #%d) - account: %d, secure: %08x-%08x\n", auth_fifo_pos, RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6), RFIFOL(fd,10));
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+                //PRINTF("auth_fifo set (auth #%d) - account: %d, secure: %08x-%08x\n", auth_fifo_pos, RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6), RFIFOL(fd,10));
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
                 auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_id = 0;
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id1 = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id2 = RFIFOL (fd, 10);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id1 = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id2 = RFIFOL(fd, 10);
                 auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].delflag = 2;
                 auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_pos = 0;
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].connect_until_time = 0;    // unlimited/unknown time by default (not display in map-server)
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].ip = RFIFOL (fd, 14);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].connect_until_time = TimeT();    // unlimited/unknown time by default (not display in map-server)
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].ip = RFIFOL(fd, 14);
                 auth_fifo_pos++;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b03;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                WFIFOB (fd, 6) = 0;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 7);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 18);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b03;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 6) = 0;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 7);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 18);
                 break;
 
                 // マップサー�ー間移動�求
             case 0x2b05:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 49)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 49)
                     return;
                 if (auth_fifo_pos >= AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
                     auth_fifo_pos = 0;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b06;
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 2), 42);
-                //printf("auth_fifo set (auth#%d) - account: %d, secure: 0x%08x-0x%08x\n", auth_fifo_pos, RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6), RFIFOL(fd,10));
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_id = RFIFOL (fd, 14);
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id1 = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id2 = RFIFOL (fd, 10);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b06;
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2), RFIFOP(fd, 2), 42);
+                //PRINTF("auth_fifo set (auth#%d) - account: %d, secure: 0x%08x-0x%08x\n", auth_fifo_pos, RFIFOL(fd,2), RFIFOL(fd,6), RFIFOL(fd,10));
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_id = RFIFOL(fd, 14);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id1 = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id2 = RFIFOL(fd, 10);
                 auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].delflag = 0;
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].sex = RFIFOB (fd, 44);
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].connect_until_time = 0;    // unlimited/unknown time by default (not display in map-server)
-                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].ip = RFIFOL (fd, 45);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].sex = RFIFOB(fd, 44);
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].connect_until_time = TimeT();    // unlimited/unknown time by default (not display in map-server)
+                auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].ip = RFIFOL(fd, 45);
                 for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
-                    if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2) &&
-                        char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL (fd, 14))
+                    if (char_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2) &&
+                        char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL(fd, 14))
                     {
                         auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_pos = i;
                         auth_fifo_pos++;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 6) = 0;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 6) = 0;
                         break;
                     }
                 if (i == char_num)
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 1;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 44);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 49);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 1;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 44);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 49);
                 break;
 
                 // キャラ�検索
             case 0x2b08:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
                 for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
                 {
-                    if (char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                    if (char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                         break;
                 }
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b09;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b09;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
                 if (i != char_num)
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), char_dat[i].name, 24);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), char_dat[i].name, 24);
                 else
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), unknown_char_name, 24);
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), unknown_char_name, 24);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
                 // it is a request to become GM
             case 0x2b0a:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
-//          printf("parse_frommap: change gm -> login, account: %d, pass: '%s'.\n", RFIFOL(fd,4), RFIFOP(fd,8));
+//          PRINTF("parse_frommap: change gm -> login, account: %d, pass: '%s'.\n", RFIFOL(fd,4), RFIFOP(fd,8));
                 if (login_fd > 0)
                 {               // don't send request if no login-server
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2720;
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 2),
-                            RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2);
-                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2720;
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), RFIFOP(fd, 2),
+                            RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2);
+                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b0b;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = 0;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 10);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b0b;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 6) = 0;
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 10);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
                 // Map server send information to change an email of an account -> login-server
             case 0x2b0c:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 86)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 86)
                     return;
                 if (login_fd > 0)
                 {               // don't send request if no login-server
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 0), RFIFOP (fd, 0), 86);  // 0x2722 <account_id>.L <actual_e-mail>.40B <new_e-mail>.40B
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2722;
-                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 86);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 0), RFIFOP(fd, 0), 86);  // 0x2722 <account_id>.L <actual_e-mail>.40B <new_e-mail>.40B
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2722;
+                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 86);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 86);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 86);
                 break;
 
                 // Map server ask char-server about a character name to do some operations (all operations are transmitted to login-server)
             case 0x2b0e:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 44)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 44)
                     return;
                 {
                     char character_name[24];
-                    int  acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);  // account_id of who ask (-1 if nobody)
-                    memcpy (character_name, RFIFOP (fd, 6), 24);
-                    character_name[sizeof (character_name) - 1] = '\0';
+                    int acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);  // account_id of who ask (-1 if nobody)
+                    memcpy(character_name, RFIFOP(fd, 6), 24);
+                    character_name[sizeof(character_name) - 1] = '\0';
                     // prepare answer
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b0f;    // answer
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = acc;   // who want do operation
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 30) = RFIFOW (fd, 30);  // type of operation: 1-block, 2-ban, 3-unblock, 4-unban, 5-changesex
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b0f;    // answer
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = acc;   // who want do operation
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 30) = RFIFOW(fd, 30);  // type of operation: 1-block, 2-ban, 3-unblock, 4-unban, 5-changesex
                     // search character
-                    i = search_character_index (character_name);
+                    i = search_character_index(character_name);
                     if (i >= 0)
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), search_character_name (i), 24); // put correct name if found
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 0;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
-                        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 30))
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), search_character_name(i), 24); // put correct name if found
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 0;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 30))
                         {
                             case 1:    // block
                                 if (acc == -1
-                                    || isGM (acc) >=
-                                    isGM (char_dat[i].account_id))
+                                    || isGM(acc) >=
+                                    isGM(char_dat[i].account_id))
                                 {
                                     if (login_fd > 0)
                                     {   // don't send request if no login-server
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2724;
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 6) = 5;   // status of the account
-                                        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 10);
-//                          printf("char : status -> login: account %d, status: %d \n", char_dat[i].account_id, 5);
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2724;
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 6) = 5;   // status of the account
+                                        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 10);
+//                          PRINTF("char : status -> login: account %d, status: %d \n", char_dat[i].account_id, 5);
                                     }
                                     else
-                                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 }
                                 else
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 break;
                             case 2:    // ban
                                 if (acc == -1
-                                    || isGM (acc) >=
-                                    isGM (char_dat[i].account_id))
+                                    || isGM(acc) >=
+                                    isGM(char_dat[i].account_id))
                                 {
                                     if (login_fd > 0)
                                     {   // don't send request if no login-server
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2725;
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 6) = RFIFOW (fd, 32); // year
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 8) = RFIFOW (fd, 34); // month
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 10) = RFIFOW (fd, 36);    // day
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 12) = RFIFOW (fd, 38);    // hour
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 14) = RFIFOW (fd, 40);    // minute
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 16) = RFIFOW (fd, 42);    // second
-                                        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 18);
-//                          printf("char : status -> login: account %d, ban: %dy %dm %dd %dh %dmn %ds\n",
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2725;
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 6) = RFIFOW(fd, 32); // year
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 8) = RFIFOW(fd, 34); // month
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 10) = RFIFOW(fd, 36);    // day
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 12) = RFIFOW(fd, 38);    // hour
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 14) = RFIFOW(fd, 40);    // minute
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 16) = RFIFOW(fd, 42);    // second
+                                        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 18);
+//                          PRINTF("char : status -> login: account %d, ban: %dy %dm %dd %dh %dmn %ds\n",
 //                                 char_dat[i].account_id, (short)RFIFOW(fd,32), (short)RFIFOW(fd,34), (short)RFIFOW(fd,36), (short)RFIFOW(fd,38), (short)RFIFOW(fd,40), (short)RFIFOW(fd,42));
                                     }
                                     else
-                                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 }
                                 else
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 break;
                             case 3:    // unblock
                                 if (acc == -1
-                                    || isGM (acc) >=
-                                    isGM (char_dat[i].account_id))
+                                    || isGM(acc) >=
+                                    isGM(char_dat[i].account_id))
                                 {
                                     if (login_fd > 0)
                                     {   // don't send request if no login-server
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2724;
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 6) = 0;   // status of the account
-                                        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 10);
-//                          printf("char : status -> login: account %d, status: %d \n", char_dat[i].account_id, 0);
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2724;
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 6) = 0;   // status of the account
+                                        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 10);
+//                          PRINTF("char : status -> login: account %d, status: %d \n", char_dat[i].account_id, 0);
                                     }
                                     else
-                                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 }
                                 else
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 break;
                             case 4:    // unban
                                 if (acc == -1
-                                    || isGM (acc) >=
-                                    isGM (char_dat[i].account_id))
+                                    || isGM(acc) >=
+                                    isGM(char_dat[i].account_id))
                                 {
                                     if (login_fd > 0)
                                     {   // don't send request if no login-server
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x272a;
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
-                                        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 6);
-//                          printf("char : status -> login: account %d, unban request\n", char_dat[i].account_id);
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x272a;
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
+                                        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 6);
+//                          PRINTF("char : status -> login: account %d, unban request\n", char_dat[i].account_id);
                                     }
                                     else
-                                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 }
                                 else
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 break;
                             case 5:    // changesex
                                 if (acc == -1
-                                    || isGM (acc) >=
-                                    isGM (char_dat[i].account_id))
+                                    || isGM(acc) >=
+                                    isGM(char_dat[i].account_id))
                                 {
                                     if (login_fd > 0)
                                     {   // don't send request if no login-server
-                                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2727;
-                                        WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
-                                        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 6);
-//                          printf("char : status -> login: account %d, change sex request\n", char_dat[i].account_id);
+                                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2727;
+                                        WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = char_dat[i].account_id;  // account value
+                                        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 6);
+//                          PRINTF("char : status -> login: account %d, change sex request\n", char_dat[i].account_id);
                                     }
                                     else
-                                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 3;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 }
                                 else
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 2;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                                 break;
                         }
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         // character name not found
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), character_name, 24);
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 32) = 1;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), character_name, 24);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 32) = 1;    // answer: 0-login-server resquest done, 1-player not found, 2-gm level too low, 3-login-server offline
                     }
                     // send answer if a player ask, not if the server ask
                     if (acc != -1)
                     {
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 34);
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 34);
                     }
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 44);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 44);
                     break;
                 }
 
@@ -2746,50 +2181,50 @@ void parse_frommap (int fd)
 
                 // account_reg�存�求
             case 0x2b10:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
                     struct global_reg reg[ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM];
-                    int  p, acc;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
+                    int p, acc;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
                     for (p = 8, j = 0;
-                         p < RFIFOW (fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
+                         p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
                          p += 36, j++)
                     {
-                        memcpy (reg[j].str, RFIFOP (fd, p), 32);
-                        reg[j].value = RFIFOL (fd, p + 32);
+                        memcpy(reg[j].str, RFIFOP(fd, p), 32);
+                        reg[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
                     }
-                    set_account_reg2 (acc, j, reg);
+                    set_account_reg2(acc, j, reg);
                     // loginサー�ー��る
                     if (login_fd > 0)
                     {           // don't send request if no login-server
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 0), RFIFOP (fd, 0),
-                                RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-                        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2728;
-                        WFIFOSET (login_fd, WFIFOW (login_fd, 2));
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 0), RFIFOP(fd, 0),
+                                RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+                        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2728;
+                        WFIFOSET(login_fd, WFIFOW(login_fd, 2));
                     }
                     // ワールド���垢ログイン���れ�mapサー�ー��る必����
                     //memcpy(buf, RFIFOP(fd,0), RFIFOW(fd,2));
                     //WBUFW(buf,0) = 0x2b11;
                     //mapif_sendall(buf, WBUFW(buf,2));
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-//          printf("char: save_account_reg (from map)\n");
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+//          PRINTF("char: save_account_reg (from map)\n");
                     break;
                 }
 
                 // Map server is requesting a divorce
             case 0x2b16:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
                     return;
                 {
                     for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
-                        if (char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                        if (char_dat[i].char_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                             break;
 
                     if (i != char_num)
-                        char_divorce (&char_dat[i]);
+                        char_divorce(&char_dat[i]);
 
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                     break;
 
                 }
@@ -2797,16 +2232,15 @@ void parse_frommap (int fd)
             default:
                 // inter server処��渡�
             {
-                int  r = inter_parse_frommap (fd);
+                int r = inter_parse_frommap(fd);
                 if (r == 1)     // 処����
                     break;
                 if (r == 2)     // パケット長�足り��
                     return;
             }
                 // inter server処��も��場��切断
-                printf
-                    ("char: unknown packet 0x%04x (%d bytes to read in buffer)! (from map).\n",
-                     RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd));
+                PRINTF("char: unknown packet 0x%04x (%zu bytes to read in buffer)! (from map).\n",
+                     RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
                 return;
         }
@@ -2814,49 +2248,42 @@ void parse_frommap (int fd)
 }
 
 static
-int search_mapserver (const char *map)
+int search_mapserver(const char *map)
 {
-    int  i, j;
+    int i, j;
     char temp_map[16];
-    int  temp_map_len;
+    int temp_map_len;
 
-//  printf("Searching the map-server for map '%s'... ", map);
-    strncpy (temp_map, map, sizeof (temp_map));
-    temp_map[sizeof (temp_map) - 1] = '\0';
-    if (strchr (temp_map, '.') != NULL)
-        temp_map[strchr (temp_map, '.') - temp_map + 1] = '\0'; // suppress the '.gat', but conserve the '.' to be sure of the name of the map
+//  PRINTF("Searching the map-server for map '%s'... ", map);
+    strzcpy(temp_map, map, sizeof(temp_map));
+    if (strchr(temp_map, '.') != NULL)
+        temp_map[strchr(temp_map, '.') - temp_map + 1] = '\0'; // suppress the '.gat', but conserve the '.' to be sure of the name of the map
 
-    temp_map_len = strlen (temp_map);
+    temp_map_len = strlen(temp_map);
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
         if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
             for (j = 0; server[i].map[j][0]; j++)
-                //printf("%s : %s = %d\n", server[i].map[j], map, strncmp(server[i].map[j], temp_map, temp_map_len));
-                if (strncmp (server[i].map[j], temp_map, temp_map_len) == 0)
+                //PRINTF("%s : %s = %d\n", server[i].map[j], map, strncmp(server[i].map[j], temp_map, temp_map_len));
+                if (strncmp(server[i].map[j], temp_map, temp_map_len) == 0)
                 {
-//                  printf("found -> server #%d.\n", i);
+//                  PRINTF("found -> server #%d.\n", i);
                     return i;
                 }
 
-//  printf("not found.\n");
+//  PRINTF("not found.\n");
     return -1;
 }
 
-// char_mapif��期化処�（�在�inter_mapif�期化��）
-static int char_mapif_init (int fd)
-{
-    return inter_mapif_init (fd);
-}
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 // Test to know if an IP come from LAN or WAN. by [Yor]
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 static
-int lan_ip_check (unsigned char *p)
+int lan_ip_check(unsigned char *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  lancheck = 1;
+    int i;
+    int lancheck = 1;
 
-//  printf("lan_ip_check: to compare: %d.%d.%d.%d, network: %d.%d.%d.%d/%d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+//  PRINTF("lan_ip_check: to compare: %d.%d.%d.%d, network: %d.%d.%d.%d/%d.%d.%d.%d\n",
 //         p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3],
 //         subneti[0], subneti[1], subneti[2], subneti[3],
 //         subnetmaski[0], subnetmaski[1], subnetmaski[2], subnetmaski[3]);
@@ -2868,15 +2295,109 @@ int lan_ip_check (unsigned char *p)
             break;
         }
     }
-    printf ("LAN test (result): %s source\033[0m.\n",
+    PRINTF("LAN test (result): %s source\033[0m.\n",
             (lancheck) ? "\033[1;36mLAN" : "\033[1;32mWAN");
     return lancheck;
 }
 
 static
-void parse_char (int fd)
+void handle_x0066(int fd, struct char_session_data *sd, uint8_t rfifob_2, uint8_t *p)
+{
+    const char *ip = ip2str(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr);
+
+    // if we activated email creation and email is default email
+    if (email_creation != 0 && strcmp(sd->email, "a@a.com") == 0
+        && login_fd > 0)
+    {               // to modify an e-mail, login-server must be online
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x70;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0; // 00 = Incorrect Email address
+        WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+
+        // otherwise, load the character
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int ch;
+        for (ch = 0; ch < 9; ch++)
+            if (sd->found_char[ch] >= 0
+                && char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_num == rfifob_2)
+                break;
+        if (ch != 9)
+        {
+            CHAR_LOG("Character Selected, Account ID: %d, Character Slot: %d, Character Name: %s [%s]\n",
+                 sd->account_id, rfifob_2,
+                 char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].name, ip);
+            // searching map server
+            int i = search_mapserver(char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map);
+            // if map is not found, we check major cities
+            if (i < 0)
+            {
+                int j;
+                // get first online server (with a map)
+                i = 0;
+                for (j = 0; j < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; j++)
+                    if (server_fd[j] >= 0
+                        && server[j].map[0][0])
+                    {   // change save point to one of map found on the server (the first)
+                        i = j;
+                        memcpy(char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
+                                server[j].map[0], 16);
+                        PRINTF("Map-server #%d found with a map: '%s'.\n",
+                             j, server[j].map[0]);
+                        // coordonates are unknown
+                        break;
+                    }
+                // if no map-server is connected, we send: server closed
+                if (j == MAX_MAP_SERVERS)
+                {
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x81;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1; // 01 = Server closed
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x71;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 2) = char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_id;
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6),
+                    char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
+                    16);
+            PRINTF("Character selection '%s' (account: %d, slot: %d) [%s]\n",
+                 char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].name,
+                 sd->account_id, ch, ip);
+            PRINTF("--Send IP of map-server. ");
+            if (lan_ip_check(p))
+                WFIFOL(fd, 22) = inet_addr(lan_map_ip);
+            else
+                WFIFOL(fd, 22) = server[i].ip;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 26) = server[i].port;
+            WFIFOSET(fd, 28);
+            if (auth_fifo_pos >= AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
+                auth_fifo_pos = 0;
+            //PRINTF("auth_fifo set #%d - account %d, char: %d, secure: %08x-%08x\n", auth_fifo_pos, sd->account_id, char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_id, sd->login_id1, sd->login_id2);
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id = sd->account_id;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_id =
+                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_id;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id1 = sd->login_id1;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id2 = sd->login_id2;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].delflag = 0;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_pos =
+                sd->found_char[ch];
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].sex = sd->sex;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].connect_until_time =
+                sd->connect_until_time;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].ip =
+                session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
+            auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].packet_tmw_version =
+                sd->packet_tmw_version;
+            auth_fifo_pos++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static
+void parse_char(int fd)
 {
-    int  i, ch;
+    int i, ch;
     char email[40];
     struct char_session_data *sd;
     unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr;
@@ -2885,74 +2406,70 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
     {                           // disconnect any player (already connected to char-server or coming back from map-server) if login-server is diconnected.
         if (fd == login_fd)
             login_fd = -1;
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
     sd = (struct char_session_data*)session[fd]->session_data;
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
 //      if (RFIFOW(fd,0) < 30000)
-//          printf("parse_char: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n", fd, RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOREST(fd));
+//          PRINTF("parse_char: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n", fd, RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOREST(fd));
 
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
             case 0x20b:        //20040622暗�化ragexe対応
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 19)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 19)
                     return;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 19);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 19);
                 break;
 
             case 0x61:         // change password request
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 50)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 50)
                     return;
                 {
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2740;
-                    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 6), RFIFOP (fd, 2), 24);
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 30), RFIFOP (fd, 26), 24);
-                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 54);
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2740;
+                    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 6), RFIFOP(fd, 2), 24);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 30), RFIFOP(fd, 26), 24);
+                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 54);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 50);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 50);
                 break;
 
             case 0x65:         // 接続�求
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 17)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 17)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  GM_value;
-                    if ((GM_value = isGM (RFIFOL (fd, 2))))
-                        printf
-                            ("Account Logged On; Account ID: %d (GM level %d).\n",
-                             RFIFOL (fd, 2), GM_value);
+                    int GM_value;
+                    if ((GM_value = isGM(RFIFOL(fd, 2))))
+                        PRINTF("Account Logged On; Account ID: %d (GM level %d).\n",
+                             RFIFOL(fd, 2), GM_value);
                     else
-                        printf ("Account Logged On; Account ID: %d.\n",
-                                RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                        PRINTF("Account Logged On; Account ID: %d.\n",
+                                RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                     if (sd == NULL)
                     {
-                        CREATE (sd, struct char_session_data, 1);
+                        CREATE(sd, struct char_session_data, 1);
                         session[fd]->session_data = sd;
-                        memcpy (sd->email, "no mail", 40);  // put here a mail without '@' to refuse deletion if we don't receive the e-mail
-                        sd->connect_until_time = 0; // unknow or illimited (not displaying on map-server)
+                        memcpy(sd->email, "no mail", 40);  // put here a mail without '@' to refuse deletion if we don't receive the e-mail
+                        sd->connect_until_time = TimeT(); // unknow or illimited (not displaying on map-server)
                     }
-                    sd->account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    sd->login_id1 = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
-                    sd->login_id2 = RFIFOL (fd, 10);
-                    sd->packet_tmw_version = RFIFOW (fd, 14);
-                    sd->sex = RFIFOB (fd, 16);
+                    sd->account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    sd->login_id1 = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+                    sd->login_id2 = RFIFOL(fd, 10);
+                    sd->packet_tmw_version = RFIFOW(fd, 14);
+                    sd->sex = RFIFOB(fd, 16);
                     // send back account_id
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 0) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 4);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 0) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 4);
                     // search authentification
                     for (i = 0; i < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_fifo[i].account_id == sd->account_id &&
                             auth_fifo[i].login_id1 == sd->login_id1 &&
-#if CMP_AUTHFIFO_LOGIN2 != 0
                             auth_fifo[i].login_id2 == sd->login_id2 &&  // relate to the versions higher than 18
-#endif
                             (!check_ip_flag
                              || auth_fifo[i].ip ==
                              session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr)
@@ -2960,27 +2477,27 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
                         {
                             auth_fifo[i].delflag = 1;
                             if (max_connect_user == 0
-                                || count_users () < max_connect_user)
+                                || count_users() < max_connect_user)
                             {
                                 if (login_fd > 0)
                                 {   // don't send request if no login-server
                                     // request to login-server to obtain e-mail/time limit
-                                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2716;
-                                    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
-                                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 6);
+                                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2716;
+                                    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
+                                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 6);
                                 }
                                 // Record client version
                                 auth_fifo[i].packet_tmw_version =
                                     sd->packet_tmw_version;
                                 // send characters to player
-                                mmo_char_send006b (fd, sd);
+                                mmo_char_send006b(fd, sd);
                             }
                             else
                             {
                                 // refuse connection (over populated)
-                                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6c;
-                                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 0;
-                                WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6c;
+                                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
+                                WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                             }
                             break;
                         }
@@ -2990,259 +2507,93 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
                     {
                         if (login_fd > 0)
                         {       // don't send request if no login-server
-                            WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2712;  // ask login-server to authentify an account
-                            WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
-                            WFIFOL (login_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
-                            WFIFOL (login_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;  // relate to the versions higher than 18
-                            WFIFOB (login_fd, 14) = sd->sex;
-                            WFIFOL (login_fd, 15) =
+                            WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2712;  // ask login-server to authentify an account
+                            WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
+                            WFIFOL(login_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
+                            WFIFOL(login_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;  // relate to the versions higher than 18
+                            WFIFOB(login_fd, 14) = sd->sex;
+                            WFIFOL(login_fd, 15) =
                                 session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
-                            WFIFOSET (login_fd, 19);
+                            WFIFOSET(login_fd, 19);
                         }
                         else
                         {       // if no login-server, we must refuse connection
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6c;
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 0;
-                            WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6c;
+                            WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
+                            WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 17);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 17);
                 break;
 
             case 0x66:         // キャラ�択
-                if (!sd || RFIFOREST (fd) < 3)
+                if (!sd || RFIFOREST(fd) < 3)
                     return;
-            {
-                const char *ip = ip2str(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr);
-
-                // if we activated email creation and email is default email
-                if (email_creation != 0 && strcmp (sd->email, "a@a.com") == 0
-                    && login_fd > 0)
-                {               // to modify an e-mail, login-server must be online
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x70;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0; // 00 = Incorrect Email address
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-
-                    // otherwise, load the character
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    for (ch = 0; ch < 9; ch++)
-                        if (sd->found_char[ch] >= 0
-                            && char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_num ==
-                            RFIFOB (fd, 2))
-                            break;
-                    if (ch != 9)
-                    {
-                        char_log
-                            ("Character Selected, Account ID: %d, Character Slot: %d, Character Name: %s [%s]\n",
-                             sd->account_id, RFIFOB (fd, 2),
-                             char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].name, ip);
-                        // searching map server
-                        i = search_mapserver (char_dat
-                                              [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.
-                                              map);
-                        // if map is not found, we check major cities
-                        if (i < 0)
-                        {
-                            if ((i = search_mapserver ("prontera.gat")) >= 0)
-                            {   // check is done without 'gat'.
-                                memcpy (char_dat
-                                        [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                        "prontera.gat", 16);
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.x = 273;    // savepoint coordonates
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.y =
-                                    354;
-                            }
-                            else if ((i =
-                                      search_mapserver ("geffen.gat")) >= 0)
-                            {   // check is done without 'gat'.
-                                memcpy (char_dat
-                                        [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                        "geffen.gat", 16);
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.x = 120;    // savepoint coordonates
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.y =
-                                    100;
-                            }
-                            else if ((i =
-                                      search_mapserver ("morocc.gat")) >= 0)
-                            {   // check is done without 'gat'.
-                                memcpy (char_dat
-                                        [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                        "morocc.gat", 16);
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.x = 160;    // savepoint coordonates
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.y =
-                                    94;
-                            }
-                            else if ((i =
-                                      search_mapserver ("alberta.gat")) >= 0)
-                            {   // check is done without 'gat'.
-                                memcpy (char_dat
-                                        [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                        "alberta.gat", 16);
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.x = 116;    // savepoint coordonates
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.y =
-                                    57;
-                            }
-                            else if ((i =
-                                      search_mapserver ("payon.gat")) >= 0)
-                            {   // check is done without 'gat'.
-                                memcpy (char_dat
-                                        [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                        "payon.gat", 16);
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.x = 87; // savepoint coordonates
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.y =
-                                    117;
-                            }
-                            else if ((i =
-                                      search_mapserver ("izlude.gat")) >= 0)
-                            {   // check is done without 'gat'.
-                                memcpy (char_dat
-                                        [sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                        "izlude.gat", 16);
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.x = 94; // savepoint coordonates
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.y =
-                                    103;
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                int  j;
-                                // get first online server (with a map)
-                                i = 0;
-                                for (j = 0; j < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; j++)
-                                    if (server_fd[j] >= 0
-                                        && server[j].map[0][0])
-                                    {   // change save point to one of map found on the server (the first)
-                                        i = j;
-                                        memcpy (char_dat
-                                                [sd->
-                                                 found_char[ch]].last_point.
-                                                map, server[j].map[0], 16);
-                                        printf
-                                            ("Map-server #%d found with a map: '%s'.\n",
-                                             j, server[j].map[0]);
-                                        // coordonates are unknown
-                                        break;
-                                    }
-                                // if no map-server is connected, we send: server closed
-                                if (j == MAX_MAP_SERVERS)
-                                {
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x81;
-                                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = 1; // 01 = Server closed
-                                    WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 3);
-                                    break;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x71;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_id;
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6),
-                                char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].last_point.map,
-                                16);
-                        printf
-                            ("Character selection '%s' (account: %d, slot: %d) [%s]\n",
-                             char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].name,
-                             sd->account_id, ch, ip);
-                        printf ("--Send IP of map-server. ");
-                        if (lan_ip_check (p))
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 22) = inet_addr (lan_map_ip);
-                        else
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 22) = server[i].ip;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 26) = server[i].port;
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 28);
-                        if (auth_fifo_pos >= AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
-                            auth_fifo_pos = 0;
-                        //printf("auth_fifo set #%d - account %d, char: %d, secure: %08x-%08x\n", auth_fifo_pos, sd->account_id, char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_id, sd->login_id1, sd->login_id2);
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id = sd->account_id;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_id =
-                            char_dat[sd->found_char[ch]].char_id;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id1 = sd->login_id1;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].login_id2 = sd->login_id2;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].delflag = 0;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].char_pos =
-                            sd->found_char[ch];
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].sex = sd->sex;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].connect_until_time =
-                            sd->connect_until_time;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].ip =
-                            session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
-                        auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].packet_tmw_version =
-                            sd->packet_tmw_version;
-                        auth_fifo_pos++;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 3);
+                handle_x0066(fd, sd, RFIFOB(fd, 2), p);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 3);
                 break;
 
             case 0x67:         // 作�
-                if (!sd || RFIFOREST (fd) < 37)
+                if (!sd || RFIFOREST(fd) < 37)
                     return;
-                i = make_new_char (fd, RFIFOP (fd, 2));
+                i = make_new_char(fd, static_cast<const uint8_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)));
                 if (i < 0)
                 {
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6e;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0x00;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 37);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6e;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0x00;
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 37);
                     break;
                 }
 
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6d;
-                memset (WFIFOP (fd, 2), 0, 106);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6d;
+                memset(WFIFOP(fd, 2), 0, 106);
 
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = char_dat[i].char_id;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2 + 4) = char_dat[i].base_exp;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2 + 8) = char_dat[i].zeny;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2 + 12) = char_dat[i].job_exp;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2 + 16) = char_dat[i].job_level;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = char_dat[i].char_id;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2 + 4) = char_dat[i].base_exp;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2 + 8) = char_dat[i].zeny;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2 + 12) = char_dat[i].job_exp;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2 + 16) = char_dat[i].job_level;
 
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2 + 28) = char_dat[i].karma;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2 + 32) = char_dat[i].manner;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2 + 28) = char_dat[i].karma;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2 + 32) = char_dat[i].manner;
 
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 40) = 0x30;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 42) =
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 40) = 0x30;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 42) =
                     (char_dat[i].hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : char_dat[i].hp;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 44) =
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 44) =
                     (char_dat[i].max_hp >
                      0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : char_dat[i].max_hp;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 46) =
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 46) =
                     (char_dat[i].sp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : char_dat[i].sp;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 48) =
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 48) =
                     (char_dat[i].max_sp >
                      0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : char_dat[i].max_sp;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 50) = DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED;   // char_dat[i].speed;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 52) = char_dat[i].pc_class;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 54) = char_dat[i].hair;
-
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 58) = char_dat[i].base_level;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 60) = char_dat[i].skill_point;
-
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 64) = char_dat[i].shield;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 66) = char_dat[i].head_top;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 68) = char_dat[i].head_mid;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2 + 70) = char_dat[i].hair_color;
-
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2 + 74), char_dat[i].name, 24);
-
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 98) =
-                    (char_dat[i].str > 255) ? 255 : char_dat[i].str;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 99) =
-                    (char_dat[i].agi > 255) ? 255 : char_dat[i].agi;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 100) =
-                    (char_dat[i].vit > 255) ? 255 : char_dat[i].vit;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 101) =
-                    (char_dat[i].int_ > 255) ? 255 : char_dat[i].int_;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 102) =
-                    (char_dat[i].dex > 255) ? 255 : char_dat[i].dex;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 103) =
-                    (char_dat[i].luk > 255) ? 255 : char_dat[i].luk;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2 + 104) = char_dat[i].char_num;
-
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 108);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 37);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 50) = static_cast<uint16_t>(DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED.count());   // char_dat[i].speed;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 52) = char_dat[i].species;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 54) = char_dat[i].hair;
+
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 58) = char_dat[i].base_level;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 60) = char_dat[i].skill_point;
+
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 64) = char_dat[i].shield;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 66) = char_dat[i].head_top;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 68) = char_dat[i].head_mid;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2 + 70) = char_dat[i].hair_color;
+
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2 + 74), char_dat[i].name, 24);
+
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 98) = min(char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::STR], 255);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 99) = min(char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::AGI], 255);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 100) = min(char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::VIT], 255);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 101) = min(char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::INT], 255);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 102) = min(char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::DEX], 255);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 103) = min(char_dat[i].attrs[ATTR::LUK], 255);
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2 + 104) = char_dat[i].char_num;
+
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 108);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 37);
                 for (ch = 0; ch < 9; ch++)
                 {
                     if (sd->found_char[ch] == -1)
@@ -3251,25 +2602,26 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
                         break;
                     }
                 }
+                break;
 
             case 0x68:         // delete char //Yor's Fix
-                if (!sd || RFIFOREST (fd) < 46)
+                if (!sd || RFIFOREST(fd) < 46)
                     return;
-                memcpy (email, RFIFOP (fd, 6), 40);
-                if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
-                    strncpy (email, "a@a.com", 40); // default e-mail
+                memcpy(email, RFIFOP(fd, 6), 40);
+                if (e_mail_check(email) == 0)
+                    strzcpy(email, "a@a.com", 40); // default e-mail
 
                 // if we activated email creation and email is default email
-                if (email_creation != 0 && strcmp (sd->email, "a@a.com") == 0
+                if (email_creation != 0 && strcmp(sd->email, "a@a.com") == 0
                     && login_fd > 0)
                 {               // to modify an e-mail, login-server must be online
                     // if sended email is incorrect e-mail
-                    if (strcmp (email, "a@a.com") == 0)
+                    if (strcmp(email, "a@a.com") == 0)
                     {
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x70;
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0; // 00 = Incorrect Email address
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                        RFIFOSKIP (fd, 46);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x70;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0; // 00 = Incorrect Email address
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                        RFIFOSKIP(fd, 46);
                         // we act like we have selected a character
                     }
                     else
@@ -3277,30 +2629,25 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
                         // we change the packet to set it like selection.
                         for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
                             if (char_dat[sd->found_char[i]].char_id ==
-                                RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                                RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                             {
                                 // we save new e-mail
-                                memcpy (sd->email, email, 40);
+                                memcpy(sd->email, email, 40);
                                 // we send new e-mail to login-server ('online' login-server is checked before)
-                                WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2715;
-                                WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
-                                memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 6), email, 40);
-                                WFIFOSET (login_fd, 46);
-                                // skip part of the packet! (46, but leave the size of select packet: 3)
-                                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 43);
-                                // change value to put new packet (char selection)
-                                RFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x66;
-                                RFIFOB (fd, 2) =
-                                    char_dat[sd->found_char[i]].char_num;
-                                // not send packet, it's modify of actual packet
+                                WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2715;
+                                WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = sd->account_id;
+                                memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 6), email, 40);
+                                WFIFOSET(login_fd, 46);
+                                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 46);
+                                handle_x0066(fd, sd, char_dat[sd->found_char[i]].char_num, p);
                                 break;
                             }
                         if (i == 9)
                         {
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x70;
-                            WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0; // 00 = Incorrect Email address
-                            WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                            RFIFOSKIP (fd, 46);
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x70;
+                            WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0; // 00 = Incorrect Email address
+                            WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                            RFIFOSKIP(fd, 46);
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -3320,18 +2667,18 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
                         if (sd->found_char[i] >= 0
                             && (cs =
                                 &char_dat[sd->found_char[i]])->char_id ==
-                            RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                            RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                         {
-                            char_delete (cs);   // deletion process
+                            char_delete(cs);   // deletion process
 
                             if (sd->found_char[i] != char_num - 1)
                             {
-                                memcpy (&char_dat[sd->found_char[i]],
+                                memcpy(&char_dat[sd->found_char[i]],
                                         &char_dat[char_num - 1],
-                                        sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
+                                        sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
                                 // Correct moved character reference in the character's owner
                                 {
-                                    int  j, k;
+                                    int j, k;
                                     struct char_session_data *sd2;
                                     for (j = 0; j < fd_max; j++)
                                     {
@@ -3361,89 +2708,88 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
                             for (ch = i; ch < 9 - 1; ch++)
                                 sd->found_char[ch] = sd->found_char[ch + 1];
                             sd->found_char[8] = -1;
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6f;
-                            WFIFOSET (fd, 2);
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6f;
+                            WFIFOSET(fd, 2);
                             break;
                         }
                     }
 
                     if (i == 9)
                     {
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x70;
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x70;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                     }
                     //}
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 46);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 46);
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 0x2af8:       // マップサー�ーログイン
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 60)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 60)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2af9;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2af9;
                 for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
                 {
                     if (server_fd[i] < 0)
                         break;
                 }
-                if (i == MAX_MAP_SERVERS || strcmp ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2), userid)
-                    || strcmp ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 26), passwd))
+                if (i == MAX_MAP_SERVERS || strcmp((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 2), userid)
+                    || strcmp((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 26), passwd))
                 {
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 3;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 60);
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 3;
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 60);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    int  len;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
+                    int len;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
                     session[fd]->func_parse = parse_frommap;
                     server_fd[i] = fd;
                     if (anti_freeze_enable)
                         server_freezeflag[i] = 5;   // Map anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-                    server[i].ip = RFIFOL (fd, 54);
-                    server[i].port = RFIFOW (fd, 58);
+                    server[i].ip = RFIFOL(fd, 54);
+                    server[i].port = RFIFOW(fd, 58);
                     server[i].users = 0;
-                    memset (server[i].map, 0, sizeof (server[i].map));
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 60);
-                    realloc_fifo (fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK,
+                    memset(server[i].map, 0, sizeof(server[i].map));
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 60);
+                    realloc_fifo(fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK,
                                   FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
-                    char_mapif_init (fd);
                     // send gm acccounts level to map-servers
                     len = 4;
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2b15;
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2b15;
                     for (i = 0; i < GM_num; i++)
                     {
-                        WFIFOL (fd, len) = gm_account[i].account_id;
-                        WFIFOB (fd, len + 4) =
+                        WFIFOL(fd, len) = gm_account[i].account_id;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, len + 4) =
                             (unsigned char) gm_account[i].level;
                         len += 5;
                     }
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = len;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len;
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
                     return;
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 0x187:        // Alive信�？
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7530:       // Athena情報所得
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7531;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 4) = ATHENA_REVISION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 5) = ATHENA_RELEASE_FLAG;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 6) = ATHENA_OFFICIAL_FLAG;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 7) = ATHENA_SERVER_INTER | ATHENA_SERVER_CHAR;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 8) = ATHENA_MOD_VERSION;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 10);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7531;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 3) = ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 4) = ATHENA_REVISION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 5) = ATHENA_RELEASE_FLAG;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ATHENA_OFFICIAL_FLAG;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 7) = ATHENA_SERVER_INTER | ATHENA_SERVER_CHAR;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 8) = ATHENA_MOD_VERSION;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 return;
 
             case 0x7532:       // 接続�切断(default�処��一緒��明示的��る��)
@@ -3458,18 +2804,18 @@ void parse_char (int fd)
 }
 
 // 全��MAPサー�ー�データ�信（�信��map鯖�数を返�）
-int mapif_sendall (const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
+int mapif_sendall(const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
 {
-    int  i, c;
+    int i, c;
 
     c = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
     {
-        int  fd;
+        int fd;
         if ((fd = server_fd[i]) >= 0)
         {
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, len);
-            WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, len);
+            WFIFOSET(fd, len);
             c++;
         }
     }
@@ -3477,18 +2823,18 @@ int mapif_sendall (const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
 }
 
 // 自分以外�全��MAPサー�ー�データ�信（�信��map鯖�数を返�）
-int mapif_sendallwos (int sfd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
+int mapif_sendallwos(int sfd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
 {
-    int  i, c;
+    int i, c;
 
     c = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
     {
-        int  fd;
+        int fd;
         if ((fd = server_fd[i]) >= 0 && fd != sfd)
         {
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, len);
-            WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, len);
+            WFIFOSET(fd, len);
             c++;
         }
     }
@@ -3496,9 +2842,9 @@ int mapif_sendallwos (int sfd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
 }
 
 // MAPサー�ー�データ�信（map鯖生存確�有り）
-int mapif_send (int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
+int mapif_send(int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     if (fd >= 0)
     {
@@ -3506,8 +2852,8 @@ int mapif_send (int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
         {
             if (fd == server_fd[i])
             {
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, len);
-                WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, len);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, len);
                 return 1;
             }
         }
@@ -3516,51 +2862,51 @@ int mapif_send (int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len)
 }
 
 static
-void send_users_tologin (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void send_users_tologin(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    int  users = count_users ();
+    int users = count_users();
     uint8_t buf[16];
 
     if (login_fd > 0 && session[login_fd])
     {
         // send number of user to login server
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2714;
-        WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = users;
-        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 6);
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2714;
+        WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = users;
+        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 6);
     }
     // send number of players to all map-servers
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2b00;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = users;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 6);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2b00;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = users;
+    mapif_sendall(buf, 6);
 }
 
 static
-void check_connect_login_server (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void check_connect_login_server(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
     if (login_fd <= 0 || session[login_fd] == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("Attempt to connect to login-server...\n");
-        if ((login_fd = make_connection (login_ip, login_port)) < 0)
+        PRINTF("Attempt to connect to login-server...\n");
+        if ((login_fd = make_connection(login_ip, login_port)) < 0)
             return;
         session[login_fd]->func_parse = parse_tologin;
-        realloc_fifo (login_fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x2710;
-        memset (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), 0, 24);
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), userid,
-                strlen (userid) < 24 ? strlen (userid) : 24);
-        memset (WFIFOP (login_fd, 26), 0, 24);
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 26), passwd,
-                strlen (passwd) < 24 ? strlen (passwd) : 24);
-        WFIFOL (login_fd, 50) = 0;
-        WFIFOL (login_fd, 54) = char_ip;
-        WFIFOL (login_fd, 58) = char_port;
-        memset (WFIFOP (login_fd, 60), 0, 20);
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 60), server_name,
-                strlen (server_name) < 20 ? strlen (server_name) : 20);
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 80) = 0;
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 82) = char_maintenance;
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 84) = char_new;
-        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 86);
+        realloc_fifo(login_fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x2710;
+        memset(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), 0, 24);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), userid,
+                strlen(userid) < 24 ? strlen(userid) : 24);
+        memset(WFIFOP(login_fd, 26), 0, 24);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 26), passwd,
+                strlen(passwd) < 24 ? strlen(passwd) : 24);
+        WFIFOL(login_fd, 50) = 0;
+        WFIFOL(login_fd, 54) = char_ip;
+        WFIFOL(login_fd, 58) = char_port;
+        memset(WFIFOP(login_fd, 60), 0, 20);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 60), server_name,
+                strlen(server_name) < 20 ? strlen(server_name) : 20);
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 80) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 82) = char_maintenance;
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 84) = char_new;
+        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 86);
     }
 }
 
@@ -3568,49 +2914,43 @@ void check_connect_login_server (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, cust
 // Reading Lan Support configuration by [Yor]
 //-------------------------------------------
 static
-int lan_config_read (const char *lancfgName)
+int lan_config_read(const char *lancfgName)
 {
-    int  j;
     struct hostent *h = NULL;
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
 
     // set default configuration
-    strncpy (lan_map_ip, "127.0.0.1", sizeof (lan_map_ip));
+    strzcpy(lan_map_ip, "127.0.0.1", sizeof(lan_map_ip));
     subneti[0] = 127;
     subneti[1] = 0;
     subneti[2] = 0;
     subneti[3] = 1;
-    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
         subnetmaski[j] = 255;
 
-    fp = fopen_ (lancfgName, "r");
+    std::ifstream in(lancfgName);
 
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("LAN support configuration file not found: %s\n", lancfgName);
+        PRINTF("LAN support configuration file not found: %s\n", lancfgName);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    printf ("---start reading of Lan Support configuration...\n");
+    PRINTF("---start reading of Lan Support configuration...\n");
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) != 2)
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
 
-        remove_control_chars (w1);
-        remove_control_chars (w2);
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "lan_map_ip") == 0)
-        {                       // Read map-server Lan IP Address
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+        if (w1 == "lan_map_ip")
+        {
+            // Read map-server Lan IP Address
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                sprintf (lan_map_ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
+                sprintf(lan_map_ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
@@ -3618,383 +2958,361 @@ int lan_config_read (const char *lancfgName)
             }
             else
             {
-                strncpy (lan_map_ip, w2, sizeof (lan_map_ip));
-                lan_map_ip[sizeof (lan_map_ip) - 1] = 0;
+                strzcpy(lan_map_ip, w2.c_str(), sizeof(lan_map_ip));
             }
-            printf ("LAN IP of map-server: %s.\n", lan_map_ip);
+            PRINTF("LAN IP of map-server: %s.\n", lan_map_ip);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "subnet") == 0)
-        {                       // Read Subnetwork
-            for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        else if (w1 == "subnet")
+        {
+            // Read Subnetwork
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                 subneti[j] = 0;
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+                for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                     subneti[j] = (unsigned char) h->h_addr[j];
             }
             else
             {
-                sscanf (w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subneti[0], &subneti[1],
+                SSCANF(w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subneti[0], &subneti[1],
                         &subneti[2], &subneti[3]);
             }
-            printf ("Sub-network of the map-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
+            PRINTF("Sub-network of the map-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
                     subneti[0], subneti[1], subneti[2], subneti[3]);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "subnetmask") == 0)
-        {                       // Read Subnetwork Mask
-            for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        else if (w1 == "subnetmask")
+        {
+            // Read Subnetwork Mask
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                 subnetmaski[j] = 255;
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+                for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                     subnetmaski[j] = (unsigned char) h->h_addr[j];
             }
             else
             {
-                sscanf (w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subnetmaski[0], &subnetmaski[1],
+                SSCANF(w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subnetmaski[0], &subnetmaski[1],
                         &subnetmaski[2], &subnetmaski[3]);
             }
-            printf ("Sub-network mask of the map-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
+            PRINTF("Sub-network mask of the map-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
                     subnetmaski[0], subnetmaski[1], subnetmaski[2],
                     subnetmaski[3]);
         }
+        else
+        {
+            PRINTF("WARNING: unknown lan config key: %s\n", w1);
+        }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
     // sub-network check of the map-server
     {
-        unsigned int a0, a1, a2, a3;
         unsigned char p[4];
-        sscanf (lan_map_ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &a0, &a1, &a2, &a3);
-        p[0] = a0;
-        p[1] = a1;
-        p[2] = a2;
-        p[3] = a3;
-        printf ("LAN test of LAN IP of the map-server: ");
-        if (lan_ip_check (p) == 0)
+        sscanf(lan_map_ip, "%hhu.%hhu.%hhu.%hhu", &p[0], &p[1], &p[2], &p[3]);
+        PRINTF("LAN test of LAN IP of the map-server: ");
+        if (lan_ip_check(p) == 0)
         {
-            printf
-                ("\033[1;31m***ERROR: LAN IP of the map-server doesn't belong to the specified Sub-network.\033[0m\n");
+            PRINTF("\033[1;31m***ERROR: LAN IP of the map-server doesn't belong to the specified Sub-network.\033[0m\n");
         }
     }
 
-    printf ("---End reading of Lan Support configuration...\n");
+    PRINTF("---End reading of Lan Support configuration...\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int char_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int char_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
     struct hostent *h = NULL;
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
 
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(cfgName);
+
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("Configuration file not found: %s.\n", cfgName);
-        exit (1);
+        PRINTF("Configuration file not found: %s.\n", cfgName);
+        exit(1);
     }
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
 
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) != 2)
-            continue;
-
-        remove_control_chars (w1);
-        remove_control_chars (w2);
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "userid") == 0)
-        {
-            memcpy (userid, w2, 24);
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "passwd") == 0)
-        {
-            memcpy (passwd, w2, 24);
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "server_name") == 0)
+        if (w1 == "userid")
+            strzcpy(userid, w2.c_str(), 24);
+        else if (w1 == "passwd")
+            strzcpy(passwd, w2.c_str(), 24);
+        else if (w1 == "server_name")
         {
-            memcpy (server_name, w2, sizeof (server_name));
-            server_name[sizeof (server_name) - 1] = '\0';
-            printf ("%s server has been intialized\n", w2);
+            strzcpy(server_name, w2.c_str(), sizeof(server_name));
+            PRINTF("%s server has been intialized\n", w2);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "wisp_server_name") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "wisp_server_name")
         {
-            if (strlen (w2) >= 4)
-            {
-                strncpy (wisp_server_name, w2, sizeof (wisp_server_name));
-                wisp_server_name[sizeof (wisp_server_name) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
+            if (w2.size() >= 4)
+                strzcpy(wisp_server_name, w2.c_str(), sizeof(wisp_server_name));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_ip") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "login_ip")
         {
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                printf ("Login server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n", w2,
+                PRINTF("Login server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n", w2,
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                sprintf (login_ip_str, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
+                sprintf(login_ip_str, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
             }
             else
-                memcpy (login_ip_str, w2, 16);
+                strzcpy(login_ip_str, w2.c_str(), 16);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_port") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "login_port")
         {
-            login_port = atoi (w2);
+            login_port = atoi(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_ip") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_ip")
         {
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                printf ("Character server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+                PRINTF("Character server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
                         w2, (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                sprintf (char_ip_str, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
+                sprintf(char_ip_str, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
             }
             else
-                memcpy (char_ip_str, w2, 16);
+                strzcpy(char_ip_str, w2.c_str(), 16);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_port") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_port")
         {
-            char_port = atoi (w2);
+            char_port = atoi(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_maintenance") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_maintenance")
         {
-            char_maintenance = atoi (w2);
+            char_maintenance = atoi(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_new") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_new")
         {
-            char_new = atoi (w2);
+            char_new = atoi(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "email_creation") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "email_creation")
         {
-            email_creation = config_switch (w2);
+            email_creation = config_switch(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_txt") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_txt")
         {
-            strcpy (char_txt, w2);
+            strzcpy(char_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(char_txt));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "backup_txt") == 0)
-        {                       //By zanetheinsane
-            strcpy (backup_txt, w2);
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "backup_txt_flag") == 0)
-        {                       // The backup_txt file was created because char deletion bug existed. Now it's finish and that take a lot of time to create a second file when there are a lot of characters. By [Yor]
-            backup_txt_flag = config_switch (w2);
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "max_connect_user") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "max_connect_user")
         {
-            max_connect_user = atoi (w2);
+            max_connect_user = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (max_connect_user < 0)
                 max_connect_user = 0;   // unlimited online players
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "check_ip_flag") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "check_ip_flag")
         {
-            check_ip_flag = config_switch (w2);
+            check_ip_flag = config_switch(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "autosave_time") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "autosave_time")
         {
-            autosave_interval = atoi (w2) * 1000;
-            if (autosave_interval <= 0)
+            autosave_interval = std::chrono::seconds(atoi(w2.c_str()));
+            if (autosave_interval <= std::chrono::seconds::zero())
                 autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "start_point") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "start_point")
         {
             char map[32];
-            int  x, y;
-            if (sscanf (w2, "%[^,],%d,%d", map, &x, &y) < 3)
+            int x, y;
+            if (SSCANF(w2, "%[^,],%d,%d", map, &x, &y) < 3)
                 continue;
-            if (strstr (map, ".gat") != NULL)
+            if (strstr(map, ".gat") != NULL)
             {                   // Verify at least if '.gat' is in the map name
-                memcpy (start_point.map, map, 16);
+                memcpy(start_point.map, map, 16);
                 start_point.x = x;
                 start_point.y = y;
             }
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "start_zeny") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "start_zeny")
         {
-            start_zeny = atoi (w2);
+            start_zeny = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (start_zeny < 0)
                 start_zeny = 0;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "start_weapon") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "start_weapon")
         {
-            start_weapon = atoi (w2);
+            start_weapon = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (start_weapon < 0)
                 start_weapon = 0;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "start_armor") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "start_armor")
         {
-            start_armor = atoi (w2);
+            start_armor = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (start_armor < 0)
                 start_armor = 0;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "unknown_char_name") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "unknown_char_name")
         {
-            strcpy (unknown_char_name, w2);
-            unknown_char_name[24] = 0;
+            strzcpy(unknown_char_name, w2.c_str(), 24);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_log_filename") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_log_filename")
         {
-            strcpy (char_log_filename, w2);
+            strzcpy(char_log_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(char_log_filename));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "name_ignoring_case") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "name_ignoring_case")
         {
-            name_ignoring_case = config_switch (w2);
+            name_ignoring_case = config_switch(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_name_option") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_name_option")
         {
-            char_name_option = atoi (w2);
+            char_name_option = atoi(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_name_letters") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "char_name_letters")
         {
-            strcpy (char_name_letters, w2);
-// online files options
+            strzcpy(char_name_letters, w2.c_str(), sizeof(char_name_letters));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "online_txt_filename") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "online_txt_filename")
         {
-            strcpy (online_txt_filename, w2);
+            strzcpy(online_txt_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(online_txt_filename));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "online_html_filename") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "online_html_filename")
         {
-            strcpy (online_html_filename, w2);
+            strzcpy(online_html_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(online_html_filename));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "online_sorting_option") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "online_sorting_option")
         {
-            online_sorting_option = atoi (w2);
+            online_sorting_option = atoi(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "online_display_option") == 0)
-        {
-            online_display_option = atoi (w2);
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "online_gm_display_min_level") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "online_gm_display_min_level")
         {                       // minimum GM level to display 'GM' when we want to display it
-            online_gm_display_min_level = atoi (w2);
+            online_gm_display_min_level = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (online_gm_display_min_level < 5)    // send online file every 5 seconds to player is enough
                 online_gm_display_min_level = 5;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "online_refresh_html") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "online_refresh_html")
         {
-            online_refresh_html = atoi (w2);
+            online_refresh_html = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (online_refresh_html < 1)
                 online_refresh_html = 1;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "anti_freeze_enable") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "anti_freeze_enable")
+        {
+            anti_freeze_enable = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "anti_freeze_interval")
         {
-            anti_freeze_enable = config_switch (w2);
+            ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = std::max(
+                    std::chrono::seconds(atoi(w2.c_str())),
+                    std::chrono::seconds(5));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "anti_freeze_interval") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "import")
         {
-            ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = atoi (w2);
-            if (ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL < 5)
-                ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = 5;   // minimum 5 seconds
+            char_config_read(w2.c_str());
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
+        else
         {
-            char_config_read (w2);
+            PRINTF("WARNING: unknown char config key: %s\n", w1);
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void term_func (void)
+void term_func(void)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     // write online players files with no player
     for (i = 0; i < char_num; i++)
         online_chars[i] = -1;
-    create_online_files ();
-    free (online_chars);
+    create_online_files();
+    free(online_chars);
 
-    mmo_char_sync ();
-    inter_save ();
+    mmo_char_sync();
+    inter_save();
 
     if (gm_account != NULL)
-        free (gm_account);
+        free(gm_account);
 
-    free (char_dat);
-    delete_session (login_fd);
-    delete_session (char_fd);
+    free(char_dat);
+    delete_session(login_fd);
+    delete_session(char_fd);
 
-    char_log ("----End of char-server (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
+    CHAR_LOG("----End of char-server (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
 }
 
-int do_init (int argc, char **argv)
+int do_init(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     // a newline in the log...
-    char_log ("");
-    char_log ("The char-server starting...\n");
+    CHAR_LOG("");
+    CHAR_LOG("The char-server starting...\n");
 
-    char_config_read ((argc < 2) ? CHAR_CONF_NAME : argv[1]);
-    lan_config_read ((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LOGIN_LAN_CONF_NAME);
+    char_config_read((argc < 2) ? CHAR_CONF_NAME : argv[1]);
+    lan_config_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LOGIN_LAN_CONF_NAME);
 
-    login_ip = inet_addr (login_ip_str);
-    char_ip = inet_addr (char_ip_str);
+    login_ip = inet_addr(login_ip_str);
+    char_ip = inet_addr(char_ip_str);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_MAP_SERVERS; i++)
     {
-        memset (&server[i], 0, sizeof (struct mmo_map_server));
+        memset(&server[i], 0, sizeof(struct mmo_map_server));
         server_fd[i] = -1;
     }
 
-    mmo_char_init ();
+    mmo_char_init();
 
-    update_online = time (NULL);
-    create_online_files ();     // update online players files at start of the server
+    update_online = TimeT::now();
+    create_online_files();     // update online players files at start of the server
 
-    inter_init ((argc > 2) ? argv[2] : inter_cfgName);  // inter server �期化
+    inter_init((argc > 2) ? argv[2] : inter_cfgName);  // inter server �期化
 
 //    set_termfunc (do_final);
-    set_defaultparse (parse_char);
-
-    char_fd = make_listen_port (char_port);
-
-//    add_timer_func_list (check_connect_login_server, "check_connect_login_server");
-//    add_timer_func_list (send_users_tologin, "send_users_tologin");
-//    add_timer_func_list (mmo_char_sync_timer, "mmo_char_sync_timer");
-
-    i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + 1000, check_connect_login_server, 0,
-                            0, 10 * 1000);
-    i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + 1000, send_users_tologin, 0, 0,
-                            5 * 1000);
-    i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + autosave_interval,
-                            mmo_char_sync_timer, 0, 0, autosave_interval);
+    set_defaultparse(parse_char);
+
+    char_fd = make_listen_port(char_port);
+
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+            check_connect_login_server,
+            std::chrono::seconds(10)
+    ).detach();
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+            send_users_tologin,
+            std::chrono::seconds(5)
+    ).detach();
+    Timer(gettick() + autosave_interval,
+            mmo_char_sync_timer,
+            autosave_interval
+    ).detach();
 
     if (anti_freeze_enable > 0)
     {
-//        add_timer_func_list (map_anti_freeze_system, "map_anti_freeze_system");
-        i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + 1000, map_anti_freeze_system, 0, 0, ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL * 1000);  // checks every X seconds user specifies
+        Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+                map_anti_freeze_system,
+                ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL
+        ).detach();
     }
 
-    char_log ("The char-server is ready (Server is listening on the port %d).\n",
+    CHAR_LOG("The char-server is ready (Server is listening on the port %d).\n",
               char_port);
 
-    printf
-        ("The char-server is \033[1;32mready\033[0m (Server is listening on the port %d).\n\n",
+    PRINTF("The char-server is \033[1;32mready\033[0m (Server is listening on the port %d).\n\n",
          char_port);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/src/char/char.hpp b/src/char/char.hpp
index f93e86b..be9167e 100644
--- a/src/char/char.hpp
+++ b/src/char/char.hpp
@@ -1,33 +1,33 @@
-// $Id: char.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:50 MagicalTux Exp $
 #ifndef CHAR_HPP
 #define CHAR_HPP
 
-#define MAX_MAP_SERVERS 30
+#include "../common/const_array.hpp"
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
 
-#define CHAR_CONF_NAME	"conf/char_athena.conf"
+constexpr int MAX_MAP_SERVERS = 30;
 
-#define LOGIN_LAN_CONF_NAME	"conf/lan_support.conf"
+#define CHAR_CONF_NAME  "conf/char_athena.conf"
 
-#define DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL 300*1000
+#define LOGIN_LAN_CONF_NAME     "conf/lan_support.conf"
 
 struct mmo_map_server
 {
     long ip;
     short port;
-    int  users;
+    int users;
     char map[MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER][16];
 };
 
-int  search_character_index (const char *character_name);
-char *search_character_name (int index);
+int search_character_index(const char *character_name);
+char *search_character_name(int index);
 
-int  mapif_sendall (const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len);
-int  mapif_sendallwos (int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len);
-int  mapif_send (int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len);
+int mapif_sendall(const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len);
+int mapif_sendallwos(int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len);
+int mapif_send(int fd, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int len);
 
-__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-int  char_log (const char *fmt, ...);
+void char_log(const_string line);
 
-extern int autosave_interval;
+#define CHAR_LOG(fmt, ...)  \
+    char_log(static_cast<const std::string&>(STRPRINTF(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)))
 
-#endif
+#endif // CHAR_HPP
diff --git a/src/char/int_guild.cpp b/src/char/int_guild.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 318297e..0000000
--- a/src/char/int_guild.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1802 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: int_guild.c,v 1.2 2004/09/25 19:36:53 Akitasha Exp $
-#include "inter.hpp"
-#include "int_guild.hpp"
-#include "int_storage.hpp"
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-#include "char.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/lock.hpp"
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-char guild_txt[1024] = "save/guild.txt";
-char castle_txt[1024] = "save/castle.txt";
-
-static struct dbt *guild_db;
-static struct dbt *castle_db;
-
-static int guild_newid = 10000;
-
-static int guild_exp[100];
-
-int  mapif_parse_GuildLeave (int fd, int guild_id, int account_id,
-                             int char_id, int flag, const char *mes);
-int  mapif_guild_broken (int guild_id, int flag);
-int  guild_check_empty (struct guild *g);
-int  guild_calcinfo (struct guild *g);
-int  mapif_guild_basicinfochanged (int guild_id, int type, const void *data,
-                                   int len);
-int  mapif_guild_info (int fd, struct guild *g);
-void guild_break_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap);
-
-// ギルドデータ�文字列��変�
-static
-int inter_guild_tostr (char *str, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i, c, len;
-
-    // 基本データ
-    len = sprintf (str, "%d\t%s\t%s\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%s#\t%s#\t",
-                   g->guild_id, g->name, g->master,
-                   g->guild_lv, g->max_member, g->exp, g->skill_point,
-                   g->castle_id, g->mes1, g->mes2);
-    // メン�ー
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        struct guild_member *m = &g->member[i];
-        len += sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%s\t",
-                        m->account_id, m->char_id,
-                        m->hair, m->hair_color, m->gender,
-                        m->pc_class, m->lv, m->exp, m->exp_payper, m->position,
-                        ((m->account_id > 0) ? m->name : "-"));
-    }
-    // 役�
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDPOSITION; i++)
-    {
-        struct guild_position *p = &g->position[i];
-        len +=
-            sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d\t%s#\t", p->mode, p->exp_mode,
-                     p->name);
-    }
-    // エンブレム
-    len += sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d,", g->emblem_len, g->emblem_id);
-    for (i = 0; i < g->emblem_len; i++)
-    {
-        len +=
-            sprintf (str + len, "%02x", (unsigned char) (g->emblem_data[i]));
-    }
-    len += sprintf (str + len, "$\t");
-    // �盟リスト
-    c = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-        if (g->alliance[i].guild_id > 0)
-            c++;
-    len += sprintf (str + len, "%d\t", c);
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {
-        GuildAlliance *a = &g->alliance[i];
-        if (a->guild_id > 0)
-            len +=
-                sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d\t%s\t", a->guild_id, a->opposition,
-                         a->name);
-    }
-    // 追放リスト
-    c = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION; i++)
-        if (g->explusion[i].account_id > 0)
-            c++;
-    len += sprintf (str + len, "%d\t", c);
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION; i++)
-    {
-        GuildExpulsion *e = &g->explusion[i];
-        if (e->account_id > 0)
-            len += sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d,%d,%d\t%s\t%s\t%s#\t",
-                            e->account_id, e->rsv1, e->rsv2, e->rsv3,
-                            e->name, e->acc, e->mes);
-    }
-    // ギルドスキル
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDSKILL; i++)
-    {
-        len += sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d ", g->skill[i].id, g->skill[i].lv);
-    }
-    len += sprintf (str + len, "\t");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドデータ�文字列�ら�変�
-static
-int inter_guild_fromstr (char *str, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i, j, c;
-    int  tmp_int[16];
-    char tmp_str[4][256];
-    char tmp_str2[4096];
-    char *pstr;
-
-    // 基本データ
-    memset (g, 0, sizeof (struct guild));
-    if (sscanf
-        (str, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t",
-         &tmp_int[0], tmp_str[0], tmp_str[1], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2],
-         &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], tmp_str[2], tmp_str[3]) < 8)
-        return 1;
-
-    g->guild_id = tmp_int[0];
-    g->guild_lv = tmp_int[1];
-    g->max_member = tmp_int[2];
-    g->exp = tmp_int[3];
-    g->skill_point = tmp_int[4];
-    g->castle_id = tmp_int[5];
-    memcpy (g->name, tmp_str[0], 24);
-    memcpy (g->master, tmp_str[1], 24);
-    memcpy (g->mes1, tmp_str[2], 60);
-    memcpy (g->mes2, tmp_str[3], 120);
-    g->mes1[strlen (g->mes1) - 1] = 0;
-    g->mes2[strlen (g->mes2) - 1] = 0;
-
-    for (j = 0; j < 6 && str != NULL; j++)  // �置スキップ
-        str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
-//  printf("GuildBaseInfo OK\n");
-
-    // メン�ー
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        struct guild_member *m = &g->member[i];
-        if (sscanf (str + 1, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7],
-                    &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], tmp_str[0]) < 11)
-            return 1;
-        m->account_id = tmp_int[0];
-        m->char_id = 0 /*tmp_int[1]*/;
-        m->hair = tmp_int[2];
-        m->hair_color = tmp_int[3];
-        m->gender = tmp_int[4];
-        m->pc_class = tmp_int[5];
-        m->lv = tmp_int[6];
-        m->exp = tmp_int[7];
-        m->exp_payper = tmp_int[8];
-        m->position = tmp_int[9];
-        memcpy (m->name, tmp_str[0], 24);
-
-        for (j = 0; j < 2 && str != NULL; j++)  // �置スキップ
-            str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
-    }
-//  printf("GuildMemberInfo OK\n");
-    // 役�
-    i = 0;
-    while (sscanf (str + 1, "%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &j) == 2
-           && str[1 + j] == '\t')
-    {
-        struct guild_position *p = &g->position[i];
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + 1, "%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1],
-             tmp_str[0]) < 3)
-            return 1;
-        p->mode = tmp_int[0];
-        p->exp_mode = tmp_int[1];
-        tmp_str[0][strlen (tmp_str[0]) - 1] = 0;
-        memcpy (p->name, tmp_str[0], 24);
-
-        for (j = 0; j < 2 && str != NULL; j++)  // �置スキップ
-            str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
-        i++;
-    }
-//  printf("GuildPositionInfo OK\n");
-    // エンブレム
-    tmp_int[1] = 0;
-    if (sscanf (str + 1, "%d,%d,%[^\t]\t", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], tmp_str2)
-        < 3 && sscanf (str + 1, "%d,%[^\t]\t", &tmp_int[0], tmp_str2) < 2)
-        return 1;
-    g->emblem_len = tmp_int[0];
-    g->emblem_id = tmp_int[1];
-    for (i = 0, pstr = tmp_str2; i < g->emblem_len; i++, pstr += 2)
-    {
-        int  c1 = pstr[0], c2 = pstr[1], x1 = 0, x2 = 0;
-        if (c1 >= '0' && c1 <= '9')
-            x1 = c1 - '0';
-        if (c1 >= 'a' && c1 <= 'f')
-            x1 = c1 - 'a' + 10;
-        if (c1 >= 'A' && c1 <= 'F')
-            x1 = c1 - 'A' + 10;
-        if (c2 >= '0' && c2 <= '9')
-            x2 = c2 - '0';
-        if (c2 >= 'a' && c2 <= 'f')
-            x2 = c2 - 'a' + 10;
-        if (c2 >= 'A' && c2 <= 'F')
-            x2 = c2 - 'A' + 10;
-        g->emblem_data[i] = (x1 << 4) | x2;
-    }
-//  printf("GuildEmblemInfo OK\n");
-    str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');   // �置スキップ
-
-    // �盟リスト
-    if (sscanf (str + 1, "%d\t", &c) < 1)
-        return 1;
-    str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');   // �置スキップ
-    for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
-    {
-        GuildAlliance *a = &g->alliance[i];
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + 1, "%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1],
-             tmp_str[0]) < 3)
-            return 1;
-        a->guild_id = tmp_int[0];
-        a->opposition = tmp_int[1];
-        memcpy (a->name, tmp_str[0], 24);
-
-        for (j = 0; j < 2 && str != NULL; j++)  // �置スキップ
-            str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
-    }
-//  printf("GuildAllianceInfo OK\n");
-    // 追放リスト
-    if (sscanf (str + 1, "%d\t", &c) < 1)
-        return 1;
-    str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');   // �置スキップ
-    for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
-    {
-        GuildExpulsion *e = &g->explusion[i];
-        if (sscanf (str + 1, "%d,%d,%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    tmp_str[0], tmp_str[1], tmp_str[2]) < 6)
-            return 1;
-        e->account_id = tmp_int[0];
-        e->rsv1 = tmp_int[1];
-        e->rsv2 = tmp_int[2];
-        e->rsv3 = tmp_int[3];
-        memcpy (e->name, tmp_str[0], 24);
-        memcpy (e->acc, tmp_str[1], 24);
-        tmp_str[2][strlen (tmp_str[2]) - 1] = 0;
-        memcpy (e->mes, tmp_str[2], 40);
-
-        for (j = 0; j < 4 && str != NULL; j++)  // �置スキップ
-            str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
-    }
-//  printf("GuildExplusionInfo OK\n");
-    // ギルドスキル
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDSKILL; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + 1, "%d,%d ", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1]) < 2)
-            break;
-        g->skill[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        g->skill[i].lv = tmp_int[1];
-        str = strchr (str + 1, ' ');
-    }
-    str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
-//  printf("GuildSkillInfo OK\n");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ�文字列��変�
-static
-int inter_guildcastle_tostr (char *str, struct guild_castle *gc)
-{
-    int  len;
-
-    len = sprintf (str, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d",    // added Guardian HP [Valaris]
-                   gc->castle_id, gc->guild_id, gc->economy, gc->defense,
-                   gc->triggerE, gc->triggerD, gc->nextTime, gc->payTime,
-                   gc->createTime, gc->visibleC, gc->visibleG0, gc->visibleG1,
-                   gc->visibleG2, gc->visibleG3, gc->visibleG4, gc->visibleG5,
-                   gc->visibleG6, gc->visibleG7, gc->Ghp0, gc->Ghp1, gc->Ghp2,
-                   gc->Ghp3, gc->Ghp4, gc->Ghp5, gc->Ghp6, gc->Ghp7);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ�文字列�ら�変�
-static
-int inter_guildcastle_fromstr (char *str, struct guild_castle *gc)
-{
-    int  tmp_int[26];
-
-    memset (gc, 0, sizeof (struct guild_castle));
-    // new structure of guild castle
-    if (sscanf
-        (str,
-         "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d",
-         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4],
-         &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9],
-         &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14],
-         &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19],
-         &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23], &tmp_int[24],
-         &tmp_int[25]) == 26)
-    {
-        gc->castle_id = tmp_int[0];
-        gc->guild_id = tmp_int[1];
-        gc->economy = tmp_int[2];
-        gc->defense = tmp_int[3];
-        gc->triggerE = tmp_int[4];
-        gc->triggerD = tmp_int[5];
-        gc->nextTime = tmp_int[6];
-        gc->payTime = tmp_int[7];
-        gc->createTime = tmp_int[8];
-        gc->visibleC = tmp_int[9];
-        gc->visibleG0 = tmp_int[10];
-        gc->visibleG1 = tmp_int[11];
-        gc->visibleG2 = tmp_int[12];
-        gc->visibleG3 = tmp_int[13];
-        gc->visibleG4 = tmp_int[14];
-        gc->visibleG5 = tmp_int[15];
-        gc->visibleG6 = tmp_int[16];
-        gc->visibleG7 = tmp_int[17];
-        gc->Ghp0 = tmp_int[18];
-        gc->Ghp1 = tmp_int[19];
-        gc->Ghp2 = tmp_int[20];
-        gc->Ghp3 = tmp_int[21];
-        gc->Ghp4 = tmp_int[22];
-        gc->Ghp5 = tmp_int[23];
-        gc->Ghp6 = tmp_int[24];
-        gc->Ghp7 = tmp_int[25]; // end additions [Valaris]
-        // old structure of guild castle
-    }
-    else if (sscanf
-             (str, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d",
-              &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4],
-              &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9],
-              &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13],
-              &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17]) == 18)
-    {
-        gc->castle_id = tmp_int[0];
-        gc->guild_id = tmp_int[1];
-        gc->economy = tmp_int[2];
-        gc->defense = tmp_int[3];
-        gc->triggerE = tmp_int[4];
-        gc->triggerD = tmp_int[5];
-        gc->nextTime = tmp_int[6];
-        gc->payTime = tmp_int[7];
-        gc->createTime = tmp_int[8];
-        gc->visibleC = tmp_int[9];
-        gc->visibleG0 = tmp_int[10];
-        gc->visibleG1 = tmp_int[11];
-        gc->visibleG2 = tmp_int[12];
-        gc->visibleG3 = tmp_int[13];
-        gc->visibleG4 = tmp_int[14];
-        gc->visibleG5 = tmp_int[15];
-        gc->visibleG6 = tmp_int[16];
-        gc->visibleG7 = tmp_int[17];
-        if (gc->visibleG0 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp0 = 15670 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp0 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG1 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp1 = 15670 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp1 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG2 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp2 = 15670 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp2 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG3 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp3 = 30214 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp3 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG4 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp4 = 30214 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp4 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG5 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp5 = 28634 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp5 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG6 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp6 = 28634 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp6 = 0;
-        if (gc->visibleG7 == 1)
-            gc->Ghp7 = 28634 + 2000 * gc->defense;
-        else
-            gc->Ghp7 = 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド関連データベース読�込�
-static
-int inter_guild_readdb (void)
-{
-    int  i;
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024];
-
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/exp_guild.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/exp_guild.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp) && i < 100)
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        guild_exp[i] = atoi (line);
-        i++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドデータ�読�込�
-int inter_guild_init (void)
-{
-    char line[16384];
-    struct guild *g;
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-    FILE *fp;
-    int  i, j, c = 0;
-
-    inter_guild_readdb ();
-
-    guild_db = numdb_init ();
-    castle_db = numdb_init ();
-
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (guild_txt, "r")) == NULL)
-        return 1;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        j = 0;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n%n", &i, &j) == 1 && j > 0
-            && guild_newid <= i)
-        {
-            guild_newid = i;
-            continue;
-        }
-        CREATE (g, struct guild, 1);
-        if (inter_guild_fromstr (line, g) == 0 && g->guild_id > 0)
-        {
-            if (g->guild_id >= guild_newid)
-                guild_newid = g->guild_id + 1;
-            numdb_insert (guild_db, g->guild_id, g);
-            guild_check_empty (g);
-            guild_calcinfo (g);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("int_guild: broken data [%s] line %d\n", guild_txt, c);
-            free (g);
-        }
-        c++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-//  printf("int_guild: %s read done (%d guilds)\n", guild_txt, c);
-
-    c = 0;                      //カウンタ�期化
-
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (castle_txt, "r")) == NULL)
-    {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        CREATE (gc, struct guild_castle, 1);
-        if (inter_guildcastle_fromstr (line, gc) == 0)
-        {
-            numdb_insert (castle_db, gc->castle_id, gc);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("int_guild: broken data [%s] line %d\n", castle_txt, c);
-            free (gc);
-        }
-        c++;
-    }
-
-    if (!c)
-    {
-        printf (" %s - making Default Data...\n", castle_txt);
-        //デフォルトデータを作�
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-        {
-            CREATE (gc, struct guild_castle, 1);
-            gc->castle_id = i;
-            gc->guild_id = 0;
-            gc->economy = 0;
-            gc->defense = 0;
-            gc->triggerE = 0;
-            gc->triggerD = 0;
-            gc->nextTime = 0;
-            gc->payTime = 0;
-            gc->createTime = 0;
-            gc->visibleC = 0;
-            gc->visibleG0 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG1 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG2 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG3 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG4 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG5 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG6 = 0;
-            gc->visibleG7 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp0 = 0;       // guardian HP [Valaris]
-            gc->Ghp1 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp2 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp3 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp4 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp5 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp6 = 0;
-            gc->Ghp7 = 0;       // end additions [Valaris]
-            numdb_insert (castle_db, gc->castle_id, gc);
-        }
-        printf (" %s - making done\n", castle_txt);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    fclose_ (fp);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-struct guild *inter_guild_search (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-
-    return g;
-}
-
-// ギルドデータ�セーブ用
-static
-void inter_guild_save_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    char line[16384];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    inter_guild_tostr (line, (struct guild *) data);
-    fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-    fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ�セーブ用
-static
-void inter_castle_save_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    char line[16384];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    inter_guildcastle_tostr (line, (struct guild_castle *) data);
-    fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-    fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
-}
-
-// ギルドデータ�セーブ
-int inter_guild_save (void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    int  lock;
-
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (guild_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("int_guild: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
-                guild_txt);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, inter_guild_save_sub, fp);
-//  fprintf(fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", guild_newid);
-    lock_fclose (fp, guild_txt, &lock);
-//  printf("int_guild: %s saved.\n", guild_txt);
-
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (castle_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("int_guild: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
-                castle_txt);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    numdb_foreach (castle_db, inter_castle_save_sub, fp);
-    lock_fclose (fp, castle_txt, &lock);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�検索用
-static
-void search_guildname_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *) data, **dst;
-    char *str;
-
-    str = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    dst = va_arg (ap, struct guild **);
-    if (strcasecmp (g->name, str) == 0)
-        *dst = g;
-}
-
-// ギルド�検索
-static
-struct guild *search_guildname (const char *str)
-{
-    struct guild *g = NULL;
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, search_guildname_sub, str, &g);
-    return g;
-}
-
-// ギルド�空�����ェック
-int guild_check_empty (struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].account_id > 0)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    // 誰も�����解散
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, guild_break_sub, g->guild_id);
-    numdb_erase (guild_db, g->guild_id);
-    inter_guild_storage_delete (g->guild_id);
-    mapif_guild_broken (g->guild_id, 0);
-    free (g);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// キャラ�競������ェック用
-static
-void guild_check_conflict_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *) data;
-    int  guild_id, account_id, char_id, i;
-
-    guild_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    account_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    char_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    if (g->guild_id == guild_id)    // 本��所属����題��
-        return;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILD; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-        {
-            // 別�ギルド���所属データ��る��脱退
-            printf ("int_guild: guild conflict! %d,%d %d!=%d\n", account_id,
-                    char_id, guild_id, g->guild_id);
-            mapif_parse_GuildLeave (-1, g->guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, 0,
-                                    "**データ競�**");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// キャラ�競������ェック
-static
-int guild_check_conflict (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id)
-{
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, guild_check_conflict_sub, guild_id, account_id,
-                   0 /*char_id*/);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int guild_nextexp (int level)
-{
-    if (level < 100)
-        return guild_exp[level - 1];
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドスキル��る�確�
-static
-int guild_checkskill (struct guild *g, int id)
-{
-    return g->skill[id - 10000].lv;
-}
-
-// ギルド�情報��計算
-int guild_calcinfo (struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i, c, nextexp;
-    struct guild before = *g;
-
-    // スキルID�設定
-    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-        g->skill[i].id = i + 10000;
-
-    // ギルドレベル
-    if (g->guild_lv <= 0)
-        g->guild_lv = 1;
-    nextexp = guild_nextexp (g->guild_lv);
-    if (nextexp > 0)
-    {
-        while (g->exp >= nextexp)
-        {                       // レベルアップ処�
-            g->exp -= nextexp;
-            g->guild_lv++;
-            g->skill_point++;
-            nextexp = guild_nextexp (g->guild_lv);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // ギルド�次�経験値
-    g->next_exp = guild_nextexp (g->guild_lv);
-
-    // メン�上�（ギルド拡張�用）
-    g->max_member = 100 + guild_checkskill (g, 10004) * 2;
-
-    // 平�レベル�オンライン人数
-    g->average_lv = 0;
-    g->connect_member = 0;
-    c = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].account_id > 0)
-        {
-            g->average_lv += g->member[i].lv;
-            c++;
-            if (g->member[i].online > 0)
-                g->connect_member++;
-        }
-    }
-    g->average_lv /= c;
-
-    // 全データを�る必���り��
-    if (g->max_member != before.max_member ||
-        g->guild_lv != before.guild_lv ||
-        g->skill_point != before.skill_point)
-    {
-        mapif_guild_info (-1, g);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------
-// map server��通信
-
-// ギルド作���
-static
-int mapif_guild_created (int fd, int account_id, struct guild *g)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3830;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
-    if (g != NULL)
-    {
-        WFIFOL (fd, 6) = g->guild_id;
-        printf ("int_guild: created! %d %s\n", g->guild_id, g->name);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        WFIFOL (fd, 6) = 0;
-    }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 10);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド情報見��ら�
-static
-int mapif_guild_noinfo (int fd, int guild_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3831;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 8;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 8);
-    printf ("int_guild: info not found %d\n", guild_id);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド情報����り
-int mapif_guild_info (int fd, struct guild *g)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[4 + sizeof (struct guild)];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3831;
-    memcpy (buf + 4, g, sizeof (struct guild));
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + sizeof (struct guild);
-//  printf("int_guild: sizeof(guild)=%d\n", sizeof(struct guild));
-    if (fd < 0)
-        mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-    else
-        mapif_send (fd, buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-//  printf("int_guild: info %d %s\n", p->guild_id, p->name);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// メン�追加��
-static
-int mapif_guild_memberadded (int fd, int guild_id, int account_id,
-                             int char_id, int flag)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3832;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 10) = 0 /*char_id*/;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 14) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 15);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// 脱退/追放通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_leaved (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag,
-                        const char *name, const char *mes)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[79];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3834;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = account_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = 0 /*char_id*/;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = flag;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 15), mes, 40);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 55), name, 24);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 79);
-    printf ("int_guild: guild leaved %d %d %s %s\n", guild_id, account_id,
-            name, mes);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// オンライン状態�Lv更新通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_memberinfoshort (struct guild *g, int idx)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[19];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3835;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = g->guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = g->member[idx].account_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = 0 /*g->member[idx].char_id*/;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = g->member[idx].online;
-    WBUFW (buf, 15) = g->member[idx].lv;
-    WBUFW (buf, 17) = g->member[idx].pc_class;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 19);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// 解散通知
-int mapif_guild_broken (int guild_id, int flag)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[7];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3836;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = guild_id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 6) = flag;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 7);
-    printf ("int_guild: broken %d\n", guild_id);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド内発言
-static
-int mapif_guild_message (int guild_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[len + 12];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3837;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 12;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 12), mes, len);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, len + 12);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド基本情報変更通知
-int mapif_guild_basicinfochanged (int guild_id, int type, const void *data,
-                                  int len)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[2048];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3839;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 10;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = guild_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = type;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 10), data, len);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, len + 10);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�情報変更通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_memberinfochanged (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                   int type, const void *data, int len)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[len + 18];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x383a;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 18;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = account_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 12) = 0 /*char_id*/;
-    WBUFW (buf, 16) = type;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 18), data, len);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, len + 18);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドスキルアップ通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_skillupack (int guild_id, int skill_num, int account_id)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[14];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x383c;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = skill_num;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = account_id;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 14);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟/敵対通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_alliance (int guild_id1, int guild_id2, int account_id1,
-                          int account_id2, int flag, const char *name1,
-                          const char *name2)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[67];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x383d;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = guild_id1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = guild_id2;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = account_id1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 14) = account_id2;
-    WBUFB (buf, 18) = flag;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 19), name1, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 43), name2, 24);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 67);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド役�変更通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_position (struct guild *g, int idx)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[sizeof (struct guild_position) + 12];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x383b;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = sizeof (struct guild_position) + 12;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = g->guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = idx;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 12), &g->position[idx],
-            sizeof (struct guild_position));
-    mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド告知変更通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_notice (struct guild *g)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[186];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x383e;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = g->guild_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 6), g->mes1, 60);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 66), g->mes2, 120);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 186);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドエンブレム変更通知
-static
-int mapif_guild_emblem (struct guild *g)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[2048];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x383f;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = g->emblem_len + 12;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = g->guild_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = g->emblem_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 12), g->emblem_data, g->emblem_len);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_guild_castle_dataload (int castle_id, int index, int value)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[9];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3840;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = castle_id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 4) = index;
-    WBUFL (buf, 5) = value;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 9);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_guild_castle_datasave (int castle_id, int index, int value)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[9];
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3841;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = castle_id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 4) = index;
-    WBUFL (buf, 5) = value;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 9);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-void mapif_guild_castle_alldataload_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    int  fd = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int *p = va_arg (ap, int *);
-
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, *p), (struct guild_castle *) data,
-            sizeof (struct guild_castle));
-    (*p) += sizeof (struct guild_castle);
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_guild_castle_alldataload (int fd)
-{
-    int  len = 4;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3842;
-    numdb_foreach (castle_db, mapif_guild_castle_alldataload_sub, fd, &len);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = len;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, len);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------
-// map server�ら�通信
-
-// ギルド作��求
-static
-int mapif_parse_CreateGuild (int fd, int account_id, const char *name,
-                             struct guild_member *master)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 24 && name[i]; i++)
-    {
-        if (!(name[i] & 0xe0) || name[i] == 0x7f)
-        {
-            printf ("int_guild: illeagal guild name [%s]\n", name);
-            mapif_guild_created (fd, account_id, NULL);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ((g = search_guildname (name)) != NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("int_guild: same name guild exists [%s]\n", name);
-        mapif_guild_created (fd, account_id, NULL);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    CREATE (g, struct guild, 1);
-    g->guild_id = guild_newid++;
-    memcpy (g->name, name, 24);
-    memcpy (g->master, master->name, 24);
-    memcpy (&g->member[0], master, sizeof (struct guild_member));
-
-    g->position[0].mode = 0x11;
-    strcpy (g->position[0].name, "GuildMaster");
-    strcpy (g->position[MAX_GUILDPOSITION - 1].name, "Newbie");
-    for (i = 1; i < MAX_GUILDPOSITION - 1; i++)
-        sprintf (g->position[i].name, "Position %d", i + 1);
-
-    // ���ギルド情報計算�必����れる
-    g->max_member = 100;
-    g->average_lv = master->lv;
-    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-        g->skill[i].id = i + 10000;
-
-    numdb_insert (guild_db, g->guild_id, g);
-
-    mapif_guild_created (fd, account_id, g);
-    mapif_guild_info (fd, g);
-
-    inter_log ("guild %s (id=%d) created by master %s (id=%d)\n",
-               name, g->guild_id, master->name, master->account_id);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド情報�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildInfo (int fd, int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g != NULL)
-    {
-        guild_calcinfo (g);
-        mapif_guild_info (fd, g);
-    }
-    else
-        mapif_guild_noinfo (fd, guild_id);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�追加�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildAddMember (int fd, int guild_id, struct guild_member *m)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-    {
-        mapif_guild_memberadded (fd, guild_id, m->account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, 1);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == 0)
-        {
-            memcpy (&g->member[i], m, sizeof (struct guild_member));
-            mapif_guild_memberadded (fd, guild_id, m->account_id, 0 /*char_id*/,
-                                     0);
-            guild_calcinfo (g);
-            mapif_guild_info (-1, g);
-
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    mapif_guild_memberadded (fd, guild_id, m->account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド脱退/追放�求
-int mapif_parse_GuildLeave (int fd, int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                            int flag, const char *mes)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g != NULL)
-    {
-        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_GUILD; i++)
-        {
-            if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-            {
-//              printf("%d %d\n", i, (int)(&g->member[i]));
-//              printf("%d %s\n", i, g->member[i].name);
-
-                if (flag)
-                {
-                    int j;
-                    // 追放�場�追放リスト�入れる
-                    for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION; j++)
-                    {
-                        if (g->explusion[j].account_id == 0)
-                            break;
-                    }
-                    if (j == MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION)
-                    {           // 一�������を消�
-                        for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION - 1; j++)
-                            g->explusion[j] = g->explusion[j + 1];
-                        j = MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION - 1;
-                    }
-                    g->explusion[j].account_id = account_id;
-                    memcpy (g->explusion[j].acc, "dummy", 24);
-                    memcpy (g->explusion[j].name, g->member[i].name, 24);
-                    memcpy (g->explusion[j].mes, mes, 40);
-                }
-
-                mapif_guild_leaved (guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, flag,
-                                    g->member[i].name, mes);
-//              printf("%d %d\n", i, (int)(&g->member[i]));
-//              printf("%d %s\n", i, (&g->member[i])->name);
-                memset (&g->member[i], 0, sizeof (struct guild_member));
-
-                if (guild_check_empty (g) == 0)
-                    mapif_guild_info (-1, g);   // ��人��る��データ�信
-
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// オンライン/Lv更新
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildChangeMemberInfoShort (int fd, int guild_id,
-                                            int account_id, int char_id,
-                                            int online, int lv, int pc_class)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    g->connect_member = 0;
-
-    int alv = 0;
-    int c = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_GUILD; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-        {
-            g->member[i].online = online;
-            g->member[i].lv = lv;
-            g->member[i].pc_class = pc_class;
-            mapif_guild_memberinfoshort (g, i);
-        }
-        if (g->member[i].account_id > 0)
-        {
-            alv += g->member[i].lv;
-            c++;
-        }
-        if (g->member[i].online)
-            g->connect_member++;
-    }
-    // 平�レベル
-    g->average_lv = alv / c;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド解散処�用（�盟/敵対を解除）
-void guild_break_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *) data;
-    int  guild_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->alliance[i].guild_id == guild_id)
-            g->alliance[i].guild_id = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-// ギルド解散�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_BreakGuild (int fd, int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, guild_break_sub, guild_id);
-    numdb_erase (guild_db, guild_id);
-    inter_guild_storage_delete (guild_id);
-    mapif_guild_broken (guild_id, 0);
-
-    inter_log ("guild %s (id=%d) broken\n", g->name, guild_id);
-    free (g);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメッセージ�信
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildMessage (int fd, int guild_id, int account_id, const char *mes,
-                              int len)
-{
-    return mapif_guild_message (guild_id, account_id, mes, len);
-}
-
-// ギルド基本データ変更�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildBasicInfoChange (int fd, int guild_id, int type,
-                                      const char *data, int len)
-{
-    short dw = *((short *) data);
-
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case GBI_GUILDLV:
-            if (dw > 0 && g->guild_lv + dw <= 50)
-            {
-                g->guild_lv += dw;
-                g->skill_point += dw;
-            }
-            else if (dw < 0 && g->guild_lv + dw >= 1)
-                g->guild_lv += dw;
-            mapif_guild_info (-1, g);
-            return 0;
-        default:
-            printf ("int_guild: GuildBasicInfoChange: Unknown type %d\n",
-                    type);
-            break;
-    }
-    mapif_guild_basicinfochanged (guild_id, type, data, len);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�データ変更�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildMemberInfoChange (int fd, int guild_id, int account_id,
-                                       int char_id, int type,
-                                       const char *data, int len)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-            break;
-    if (i == g->max_member)
-    {
-        printf ("int_guild: GuildMemberChange: Not found %d,%d in %d[%s]\n",
-                account_id, char_id, guild_id, g->name);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case GMI_POSITION:     // 役�
-            g->member[i].position = *((int *) data);
-            break;
-        case GMI_EXP:          // EXP
-        {
-            int  exp, oldexp = g->member[i].exp;
-            exp = g->member[i].exp = *((unsigned int *) data);
-            g->exp += (exp - oldexp);
-            guild_calcinfo (g); // Lvアップ判断
-            mapif_guild_basicinfochanged (guild_id, GBI_EXP, &g->exp, 4);
-        }
-            break;
-        default:
-            printf ("int_guild: GuildMemberInfoChange: Unknown type %d\n",
-                    type);
-            break;
-    }
-    mapif_guild_memberinfochanged (guild_id, account_id, char_id, type, data,
-                                   len);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド役��変更�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildPosition (int fd, int guild_id, int idx,
-                               struct guild_position *p)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL || idx < 0 || idx >= MAX_GUILDPOSITION)
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    memcpy (&g->position[idx], p, sizeof (struct guild_position));
-    mapif_guild_position (g, idx);
-    printf ("int_guild: position changed %d\n", idx);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドスキルアップ�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildSkillUp (int fd, int guild_id, int skill_num,
-                              int account_id)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    int  idx = skill_num - 10000;
-
-    if (g == NULL || skill_num < 10000)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (g->skill_point > 0 && g->skill[idx].id > 0 && g->skill[idx].lv < 10)
-    {
-        g->skill[idx].lv++;
-        g->skill_point--;
-        if (guild_calcinfo (g) == 0)
-            mapif_guild_info (-1, g);
-        mapif_guild_skillupack (guild_id, skill_num, account_id);
-        printf ("int_guild: skill %d up\n", skill_num);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildAlliance (int fd, int guild_id1, int guild_id2,
-                               int account_id1, int account_id2, int flag)
-{
-    struct guild *g[2];
-    int  j, i;
-
-    g[0] = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id1);
-    g[1] = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id2);
-    if (g[0] == NULL || g[1] == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (!(flag & 0x8))
-    {
-        for (i = 0; i < 2 - (flag & 1); i++)
-        {
-            for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; j++)
-                if (g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id == 0)
-                {
-                    g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id = g[1 - i]->guild_id;
-                    memcpy (g[i]->alliance[j].name, g[1 - i]->name, 24);
-                    g[i]->alliance[j].opposition = flag & 1;
-                    break;
-                }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {                           // 関係解消
-        for (i = 0; i < 2 - (flag & 1); i++)
-        {
-            for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; j++)
-                if (g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id == g[1 - i]->guild_id
-                    && g[i]->alliance[j].opposition == (flag & 1))
-                {
-                    g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id = 0;
-                    break;
-                }
-        }
-    }
-    mapif_guild_alliance (guild_id1, guild_id2, account_id1, account_id2,
-                          flag, g[0]->name, g[1]->name);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド告知変更�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildNotice (int fd, int guild_id, const char *mes1,
-                             const char *mes2)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    memcpy (g->mes1, mes1, 60);
-    memcpy (g->mes2, mes2, 120);
-
-    return mapif_guild_notice (g);
-}
-
-// ギルドエンブレム変更�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildEmblem (int fd, int len, int guild_id, int dummy,
-                             const char *data)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    memcpy (g->emblem_data, data, len);
-    g->emblem_len = len;
-    g->emblem_id++;
-
-    return mapif_guild_emblem (g);
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildCastleDataLoad (int fd, int castle_id, int index)
-{
-    struct guild_castle *gc = (struct guild_castle *)numdb_search (castle_db, castle_id);
-
-    if (gc == NULL)
-    {
-        return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (castle_id, 0, 0);
-    }
-    switch (index)
-    {
-        case 1:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->guild_id);
-        case 2:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->economy);
-        case 3:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->defense);
-        case 4:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->triggerE);
-        case 5:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->triggerD);
-        case 6:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->nextTime);
-        case 7:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->payTime);
-        case 8:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->createTime);
-        case 9:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleC);
-        case 10:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG0);
-        case 11:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG1);
-        case 12:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG2);
-        case 13:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG3);
-        case 14:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG4);
-        case 15:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG5);
-        case 16:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG6);
-        case 17:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->visibleG7);
-        case 18:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index, gc->Ghp0);    // guardian HP [Valaris]
-        case 19:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->Ghp1);
-        case 20:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->Ghp2);
-        case 21:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->Ghp3);
-        case 22:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->Ghp4);
-        case 23:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->Ghp5);
-        case 24:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index,
-                                                gc->Ghp6);
-        case 25:
-            return mapif_guild_castle_dataload (gc->castle_id, index, gc->Ghp7);    // end additions [Valaris]
-
-        default:
-            printf
-                ("mapif_parse_GuildCastleDataLoad ERROR!! (Not found index=%d)\n",
-                 index);
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildCastleDataSave (int fd, int castle_id, int index,
-                                     int value)
-{
-    struct guild_castle *gc = (struct guild_castle *)numdb_search (castle_db, castle_id);
-
-    if (gc == NULL)
-    {
-        return mapif_guild_castle_datasave (castle_id, index, value);
-    }
-    switch (index)
-    {
-        case 1:
-            if (gc->guild_id != value)
-            {
-                int  gid = (value) ? value : gc->guild_id;
-                struct guild *g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, gid);
-                inter_log ("guild %s (id=%d) %s castle id=%d\n",
-                           (g) ? g->name : "??", gid,
-                           (value) ? "occupy" : "abandon", index);
-            }
-            gc->guild_id = value;
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            gc->economy = value;
-            break;
-        case 3:
-            gc->defense = value;
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            gc->triggerE = value;
-            break;
-        case 5:
-            gc->triggerD = value;
-            break;
-        case 6:
-            gc->nextTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 7:
-            gc->payTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 8:
-            gc->createTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 9:
-            gc->visibleC = value;
-            break;
-        case 10:
-            gc->visibleG0 = value;
-            break;
-        case 11:
-            gc->visibleG1 = value;
-            break;
-        case 12:
-            gc->visibleG2 = value;
-            break;
-        case 13:
-            gc->visibleG3 = value;
-            break;
-        case 14:
-            gc->visibleG4 = value;
-            break;
-        case 15:
-            gc->visibleG5 = value;
-            break;
-        case 16:
-            gc->visibleG6 = value;
-            break;
-        case 17:
-            gc->visibleG7 = value;
-            break;
-        case 18:
-            gc->Ghp0 = value;
-            break;              // guardian HP [Valaris]
-        case 19:
-            gc->Ghp1 = value;
-            break;
-        case 20:
-            gc->Ghp2 = value;
-            break;
-        case 21:
-            gc->Ghp3 = value;
-            break;
-        case 22:
-            gc->Ghp4 = value;
-            break;
-        case 23:
-            gc->Ghp5 = value;
-            break;
-        case 24:
-            gc->Ghp6 = value;
-            break;
-        case 25:
-            gc->Ghp7 = value;
-            break;              // end additions [Valaris]
-        default:
-            printf
-                ("mapif_parse_GuildCastleDataSave ERROR!! (Not found index=%d)\n",
-                 index);
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    return mapif_guild_castle_datasave (gc->castle_id, index, value);
-}
-
-// ギルド�ェック�求
-static
-int mapif_parse_GuildCheck (int fd, int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id)
-{
-    return guild_check_conflict (guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/);
-}
-
-// map server �ら�通信
-// ・１パケット��解��る��
-// ・パケット長データ�inter.c�セット������
-// ・パケット長�ェックや�RFIFOSKIP�呼�出�元�行�れる��行����ら��
-// ・エラー�ら0(false)�������ら1(true)を�����れ��ら��
-int inter_guild_parse_frommap (int fd)
-{
-    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
-    {
-        case 0x3030:
-            mapif_parse_CreateGuild (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 8),
-                                     (struct guild_member *) RFIFOP (fd, 32));
-            break;
-        case 0x3031:
-            mapif_parse_GuildInfo (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-            break;
-        case 0x3032:
-            mapif_parse_GuildAddMember (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4),
-                                        (struct guild_member *) RFIFOP (fd,
-                                                                        8));
-            break;
-        case 0x3034:
-            mapif_parse_GuildLeave (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                    RFIFOL (fd, 10), RFIFOB (fd, 14),
-                                    (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 15));
-            break;
-        case 0x3035:
-            mapif_parse_GuildChangeMemberInfoShort (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                                    RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                                    RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                                                    RFIFOB (fd, 14),
-                                                    RFIFOW (fd, 15),
-                                                    RFIFOW (fd, 17));
-            break;
-        case 0x3036:
-            mapif_parse_BreakGuild (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-            break;
-        case 0x3037:
-            mapif_parse_GuildMessage (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8),
-                                      (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 12), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12);
-            break;
-        case 0x3038:
-            mapif_parse_GuildCheck (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                    RFIFOL (fd, 10));
-            break;
-        case 0x3039:
-            mapif_parse_GuildBasicInfoChange (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4),
-                                              RFIFOW (fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10),
-                                              RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 10);
-            break;
-        case 0x303A:
-            mapif_parse_GuildMemberInfoChange (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4),
-                                               RFIFOL (fd, 8), RFIFOL (fd,
-                                                                       12),
-                                               RFIFOW (fd, 16), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd,
-                                                                        18),
-                                               RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 18);
-            break;
-        case 0x303B:
-            mapif_parse_GuildPosition (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8),
-                                       (struct guild_position *) RFIFOP (fd,
-                                                                         12));
-            break;
-        case 0x303C:
-            mapif_parse_GuildSkillUp (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                      RFIFOL (fd, 10));
-            break;
-        case 0x303D:
-            mapif_parse_GuildAlliance (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                       RFIFOL (fd, 10), RFIFOL (fd, 14),
-                                       RFIFOB (fd, 18));
-            break;
-        case 0x303E:
-            mapif_parse_GuildNotice (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6),
-                                     (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 66));
-            break;
-        case 0x303F:
-            mapif_parse_GuildEmblem (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12, RFIFOL (fd, 4),
-                                     RFIFOL (fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 12));
-            break;
-        case 0x3040:
-            mapif_parse_GuildCastleDataLoad (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2),
-                                             RFIFOB (fd, 4));
-            break;
-        case 0x3041:
-            mapif_parse_GuildCastleDataSave (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2),
-                                             RFIFOB (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 5));
-            break;
-
-        default:
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// マップサー�ー�接続時処�
-int inter_guild_mapif_init (int fd)
-{
-    return mapif_guild_castle_alldataload (fd);
-}
-
-// サー�ー�ら脱退�求（キャラ削除用）
-int inter_guild_leave (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id)
-{
-    return mapif_parse_GuildLeave (-1, guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, 0,
-                                   "**サー�ー命令**");
-}
diff --git a/src/char/int_guild.hpp b/src/char/int_guild.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2833e2d..0000000
--- a/src/char/int_guild.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: int_guild.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
-#ifndef INT_GUILD_HPP
-#define INT_GUILD_HPP
-
-int  inter_guild_init (void);
-int  inter_guild_save (void);
-int  inter_guild_parse_frommap (int fd);
-struct guild *inter_guild_search (int guild_id);
-int  inter_guild_mapif_init (int fd);
-
-int  inter_guild_leave (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id);
-
-extern char guild_txt[1024];
-extern char castle_txt[1024];
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/char/int_party.cpp b/src/char/int_party.cpp
index 6602ce5..8566f3c 100644
--- a/src/char/int_party.cpp
+++ b/src/char/int_party.cpp
@@ -1,204 +1,196 @@
-// $Id: int_party.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
-#include "inter.hpp"
 #include "int_party.hpp"
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-#include "char.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
 #include "../common/lock.hpp"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+
+#include "char.hpp"
+#include "inter.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 char party_txt[1024] = "save/party.txt";
 
-static struct dbt *party_db;
-static int party_newid = 100;
+static
+Map<int, struct party> party_db;
+static
+int party_newid = 100;
 
-int  mapif_party_broken (int party_id, int flag);
-int  party_check_empty (struct party *p);
-int  mapif_parse_PartyLeave (int fd, int party_id, int account_id);
+static
+int mapif_party_broken(int party_id, int flag);
+static
+int party_check_empty(struct party *p);
+static
+void mapif_parse_PartyLeave(int fd, int party_id, int account_id);
 
 // パーティデータ�文字列��変�
 static
-int inter_party_tostr (char *str, struct party *p)
+std::string inter_party_tostr(struct party *p)
 {
-    int  i, len;
-
-    len =
-        sprintf (str, "%d\t%s\t%d,%d\t", p->party_id, p->name, p->exp,
-                 p->item);
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
+    std::string str = STRPRINTF(
+                "%d\t"
+                "%s\t"
+                "%d,%d\t",
+                p->party_id,
+                p->name,
+                p->exp, p->item);
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         struct party_member *m = &p->member[i];
-        len +=
-            sprintf (str + len, "%d,%d\t%s\t", m->account_id, m->leader,
-                     ((m->account_id > 0) ? m->name : "NoMember"));
+        str += STRPRINTF(
+                "%d,%d\t"
+                "%s\t",
+                m->account_id, m->leader,
+                (m->account_id > 0) ? m->name : "NoMember");
     }
 
-    return 0;
+    return str;
 }
 
 // パーティデータ�文字列�ら�変�
 static
-int inter_party_fromstr (char *str, struct party *p)
+int inter_party_fromstr(char *str, struct party *p)
 {
-    int  i, j;
-    int  tmp_int[16];
-    char tmp_str[256];
-
-    memset (p, 0, sizeof (struct party));
-
-//  printf("sscanf party main info\n");
-    if (sscanf
-        (str, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d\t", &tmp_int[0], tmp_str, &tmp_int[1],
-         &tmp_int[2]) != 4)
+    memset(p, 0, sizeof(struct party));
+
+    if (sscanf(str,
+                "%d\t"
+                "%[^\t]\t"
+                "%d,%d\t",
+                &p->party_id,
+                p->name,
+                &p->exp, &p->item) != 4)
         return 1;
 
-    p->party_id = tmp_int[0];
-    strcpy (p->name, tmp_str);
-    p->exp = tmp_int[1];
-    p->item = tmp_int[2];
-//  printf("%d [%s] %d %d\n", tmp_int[0], tmp_str[0], tmp_int[1], tmp_int[2]);
-
-    for (j = 0; j < 3 && str != NULL; j++)
-        str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
+    for (int j = 0; j < 3 && str != NULL; j++)
+        str = strchr(str + 1, '\t');
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         struct party_member *m = &p->member[i];
         if (str == NULL)
             return 1;
-//      printf("sscanf party member info %d\n", i);
 
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + 1, "%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1],
-             tmp_str) != 3)
+        if (sscanf(str + 1,
+                    "%d,%d\t"
+                    "%[^\t]\t",
+                    &m->account_id, &m->leader,
+                    m->name) != 3)
             return 1;
 
-        m->account_id = tmp_int[0];
-        m->leader = tmp_int[1];
-        strncpy (m->name, tmp_str, sizeof (m->name));
-//      printf(" %d %d [%s]\n", tmp_int[0], tmp_int[1], tmp_str);
-
-        for (j = 0; j < 2 && str != NULL; j++)
-            str = strchr (str + 1, '\t');
+        for (int j = 0; j < 2 && str != NULL; j++)
+            str = strchr(str + 1, '\t');
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティデータ�ロード
-int inter_party_init (void)
+int inter_party_init(void)
 {
     char line[8192];
-    struct party *p;
     FILE *fp;
-    int  c = 0;
-    int  i, j;
-
-    party_db = numdb_init ();
+    int c = 0;
+    int i, j;
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (party_txt, "r")) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = fopen_(party_txt, "r")) == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    // TODO: convert to use char_id, and change to extract()
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, fp))
     {
         j = 0;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n%n", &i, &j) == 1 && j > 0
+        if (sscanf(line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n%n", &i, &j) == 1 && j > 0
             && party_newid <= i)
         {
             party_newid = i;
             continue;
         }
 
-        CREATE (p, struct party, 1);
-        if (inter_party_fromstr (line, p) == 0 && p->party_id > 0)
+        struct party p {};
+        if (inter_party_fromstr(line, &p) == 0 && p.party_id > 0)
         {
-            if (p->party_id >= party_newid)
-                party_newid = p->party_id + 1;
-            numdb_insert (party_db, p->party_id, p);
-            party_check_empty (p);
+            if (p.party_id >= party_newid)
+                party_newid = p.party_id + 1;
+            party_db.insert(p.party_id, p);
+            party_check_empty(&p);
         }
         else
         {
-            printf ("int_party: broken data [%s] line %d\n", party_txt,
+            PRINTF("int_party: broken data [%s] line %d\n", party_txt,
                     c + 1);
-            free (p);
         }
         c++;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-//  printf("int_party: %s read done (%d parties)\n", party_txt, c);
+    fclose_(fp);
+//  PRINTF("int_party: %s read done (%d parties)\n", party_txt, c);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティーデータ�セーブ用
 static
-void inter_party_save_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void inter_party_save_sub(struct party *data, FILE *fp)
 {
-    char line[8192];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    inter_party_tostr (line, (struct party *) data);
-    fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-    fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
+    std::string line = inter_party_tostr(data);
+    FPRINTF(fp, "%s\n", line);
 }
 
 // パーティーデータ�セーブ
-int inter_party_save (void)
+int inter_party_save(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
-    int  lock;
+    int lock;
 
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (party_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = lock_fopen(party_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("int_party: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
+        PRINTF("int_party: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
                 party_txt);
         return 1;
     }
-    numdb_foreach (party_db, inter_party_save_sub, fp);
-//  fprintf(fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", party_newid);
-    lock_fclose (fp, party_txt, &lock);
-//  printf("int_party: %s saved.\n", party_txt);
+    for (auto& pair : party_db)
+        inter_party_save_sub(&pair.second, fp);
+//  FPRINTF(fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", party_newid);
+    lock_fclose(fp, party_txt, &lock);
+//  PRINTF("int_party: %s saved.\n", party_txt);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ�検索用
 static
-void search_partyname_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void search_partyname_sub(struct party *p, const char *str, struct party **dst)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *) data, **dst;
-    char *str;
-
-    str = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    dst = va_arg (ap, struct party **);
-    if (strcasecmp (p->name, str) == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(p->name, str) == 0)
         *dst = p;
 }
 
 // パーティ�検索
 static
-struct party *search_partyname (const char *str)
+struct party *search_partyname(const char *str)
 {
     struct party *p = NULL;
-    numdb_foreach (party_db, search_partyname_sub, str, &p);
+    for (auto& pair : party_db)
+        search_partyname_sub(&pair.second, str, &p);
 
     return p;
 }
 
 // EXP公平分���る��ェック
 static
-int party_check_exp_share (struct party *p)
+int party_check_exp_share(struct party *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  maxlv = 0, minlv = 0x7fffffff;
+    int i;
+    int maxlv = 0, minlv = 0x7fffffff;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
-        int  lv = p->member[i].lv;
+        int lv = p->member[i].lv;
         if (p->member[i].online)
         {
             if (lv < minlv)
@@ -212,38 +204,32 @@ int party_check_exp_share (struct party *p)
 }
 
 // パーティ�空�����ェック
-int party_check_empty (struct party *p)
+int party_check_empty(struct party *p)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-//  printf("party check empty %08X\n", (int)p);
+//  PRINTF("party check empty %08X\n", (int)p);
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
-//      printf("%d acc=%d\n", i, p->member[i].account_id);
+//      PRINTF("%d acc=%d\n", i, p->member[i].account_id);
         if (p->member[i].account_id > 0)
         {
             return 0;
         }
     }
     // 誰も�����解散
-    mapif_party_broken (p->party_id, 0);
-    numdb_erase (party_db, p->party_id);
-    free (p);
+    mapif_party_broken(p->party_id, 0);
+    party_db.erase(p->party_id);
 
     return 1;
 }
 
 // キャラ�競������ェック用
 static
-void party_check_conflict_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void party_check_conflict_sub(struct party *p,
+        int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *) data;
-    int  party_id, account_id, i;
-    char *nick;
-
-    party_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    account_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    nick = va_arg (ap, char *);
+    int i;
 
     if (p->party_id == party_id)    // 本��所属����題��
         return;
@@ -251,22 +237,23 @@ void party_check_conflict_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         if (p->member[i].account_id == account_id
-            && strcmp (p->member[i].name, nick) == 0)
+            && strcmp(p->member[i].name, nick) == 0)
         {
             // 別�パーティ���所属データ��る��脱退
-            printf ("int_party: party conflict! %d %d %d\n", account_id,
+            PRINTF("int_party: party conflict! %d %d %d\n", account_id,
                     party_id, p->party_id);
-            mapif_parse_PartyLeave (-1, p->party_id, account_id);
+            mapif_parse_PartyLeave(-1, p->party_id, account_id);
         }
     }
 }
 
 // キャラ�競������ェック
 static
-int party_check_conflict (int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
+int party_check_conflict(int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
 {
-    numdb_foreach (party_db, party_check_conflict_sub, party_id, account_id,
-                   nick);
+    for (auto& pair : party_db)
+        party_check_conflict_sub(&pair.second,
+                party_id, account_id, nick);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -276,90 +263,90 @@ int party_check_conflict (int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
 
 // パーティ作���
 static
-int mapif_party_created (int fd, int account_id, struct party *p)
+int mapif_party_created(int fd, int account_id, struct party *p)
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3820;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x3820;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
     if (p != NULL)
     {
-        WFIFOB (fd, 6) = 0;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 7) = p->party_id;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 11), p->name, 24);
-        printf ("int_party: created! %d %s\n", p->party_id, p->name);
+        WFIFOB(fd, 6) = 0;
+        WFIFOL(fd, 7) = p->party_id;
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 11), p->name, 24);
+        PRINTF("int_party: created! %d %s\n", p->party_id, p->name);
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFOB (fd, 6) = 1;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 7) = 0;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 11), "error", 24);
+        WFIFOB(fd, 6) = 1;
+        WFIFOL(fd, 7) = 0;
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 11), "error", 24);
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 35);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, 35);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ情報見��ら�
 static
-int mapif_party_noinfo (int fd, int party_id)
+int mapif_party_noinfo(int fd, int party_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3821;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 8;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = party_id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 8);
-    printf ("int_party: info not found %d\n", party_id);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x3821;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 8;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = party_id;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, 8);
+    PRINTF("int_party: info not found %d\n", party_id);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ情報����り
 static
-int mapif_party_info (int fd, struct party *p)
+int mapif_party_info(int fd, struct party *p)
 {
-    unsigned char buf[4 + sizeof (struct party)];
+    unsigned char buf[4 + sizeof(struct party)];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3821;
-    memcpy (buf + 4, p, sizeof (struct party));
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + sizeof (struct party);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3821;
+    memcpy(buf + 4, p, sizeof(struct party));
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = 4 + sizeof(struct party);
     if (fd < 0)
-        mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
+        mapif_sendall(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
     else
-        mapif_send (fd, buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-//  printf("int_party: info %d %s\n", p->party_id, p->name);
+        mapif_send(fd, buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
+//  PRINTF("int_party: info %d %s\n", p->party_id, p->name);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティメン�追加��
 static
-int mapif_party_memberadded (int fd, int party_id, int account_id, int flag)
+int mapif_party_memberadded(int fd, int party_id, int account_id, int flag)
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3822;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 11);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x3822;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 6) = account_id;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, 11);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ設定変更通知
 static
-int mapif_party_optionchanged (int fd, struct party *p, int account_id,
+int mapif_party_optionchanged(int fd, struct party *p, int account_id,
                                int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[15];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3823;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = p->party_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = account_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = p->exp;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = p->item;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = flag;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3823;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = p->party_id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = account_id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 10) = p->exp;
+    WBUFW(buf, 12) = p->item;
+    WBUFB(buf, 14) = flag;
     if (flag == 0)
-        mapif_sendall (buf, 15);
+        mapif_sendall(buf, 15);
     else
-        mapif_send (fd, buf, 15);
-    printf ("int_party: option changed %d %d %d %d %d\n", p->party_id,
+        mapif_send(fd, buf, 15);
+    PRINTF("int_party: option changed %d %d %d %d %d\n", p->party_id,
             account_id, p->exp, p->item, flag);
 
     return 0;
@@ -367,62 +354,62 @@ int mapif_party_optionchanged (int fd, struct party *p, int account_id,
 
 // パーティ脱退通知
 static
-int mapif_party_leaved (int party_id, int account_id, char *name)
+int mapif_party_leaved(int party_id, int account_id, char *name)
 {
     unsigned char buf[34];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3824;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = party_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 10), name, 24);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 34);
-    printf ("int_party: party leaved %d %d %s\n", party_id, account_id, name);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3824;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = party_id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = account_id;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 10), name, 24);
+    mapif_sendall(buf, 34);
+    PRINTF("int_party: party leaved %d %d %s\n", party_id, account_id, name);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティマップ更新通知
 static
-int mapif_party_membermoved (struct party *p, int idx)
+int mapif_party_membermoved(struct party *p, int idx)
 {
     unsigned char buf[29];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3825;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = p->party_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = p->member[idx].account_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 10), p->member[idx].map, 16);
-    WBUFB (buf, 26) = p->member[idx].online;
-    WBUFW (buf, 27) = p->member[idx].lv;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 29);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3825;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = p->party_id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = p->member[idx].account_id;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 10), p->member[idx].map, 16);
+    WBUFB(buf, 26) = p->member[idx].online;
+    WBUFW(buf, 27) = p->member[idx].lv;
+    mapif_sendall(buf, 29);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ解散通知
-int mapif_party_broken (int party_id, int flag)
+int mapif_party_broken(int party_id, int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[7];
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3826;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = party_id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 6) = flag;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, 7);
-    printf ("int_party: broken %d\n", party_id);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3826;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = party_id;
+    WBUFB(buf, 6) = flag;
+    mapif_sendall(buf, 7);
+    PRINTF("int_party: broken %d\n", party_id);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ内発言
 static
-int mapif_party_message (int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
+int mapif_party_message(int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
 {
     unsigned char buf[len + 12];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3827;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 12;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = party_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 12), mes, len);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, len + 12);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3827;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = len + 12;
+    WBUFL(buf, 4) = party_id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 8) = account_id;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 12), mes, len);
+    mapif_sendall(buf, len + 12);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -432,70 +419,69 @@ int mapif_party_message (int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
 
 // パーティ
 static
-int mapif_parse_CreateParty (int fd, int account_id, const char *name, const char *nick,
+int mapif_parse_CreateParty(int fd, int account_id, const char *name, const char *nick,
                              const char *map, int lv)
 {
-    struct party *p;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < 24 && name[i]; i++)
     {
         if (!(name[i] & 0xe0) || name[i] == 0x7f)
         {
-            printf ("int_party: illegal party name [%s]\n", name);
-            mapif_party_created (fd, account_id, NULL);
+            PRINTF("int_party: illegal party name [%s]\n", name);
+            mapif_party_created(fd, account_id, NULL);
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    if ((p = search_partyname (name)) != NULL)
+    if (search_partyname(name) != NULL)
     {
-        printf ("int_party: same name party exists [%s]\n", name);
-        mapif_party_created (fd, account_id, NULL);
+        PRINTF("int_party: same name party exists [%s]\n", name);
+        mapif_party_created(fd, account_id, NULL);
         return 0;
     }
-    CREATE (p, struct party, 1);
-    p->party_id = party_newid++;
-    memcpy (p->name, name, 24);
-    p->exp = 0;
-    p->item = 0;
-    p->member[0].account_id = account_id;
-    memcpy (p->member[0].name, nick, 24);
-    memcpy (p->member[0].map, map, 16);
-    p->member[0].leader = 1;
-    p->member[0].online = 1;
-    p->member[0].lv = lv;
-
-    numdb_insert (party_db, p->party_id, p);
-
-    mapif_party_created (fd, account_id, p);
-    mapif_party_info (fd, p);
+    struct party p {};
+    p.party_id = party_newid++;
+    memcpy(p.name, name, 24);
+    p.exp = 0;
+    p.item = 0;
+    p.member[0].account_id = account_id;
+    memcpy(p.member[0].name, nick, 24);
+    memcpy(p.member[0].map, map, 16);
+    p.member[0].leader = 1;
+    p.member[0].online = 1;
+    p.member[0].lv = lv;
+
+    party_db.insert(p.party_id, p);
+
+    mapif_party_created(fd, account_id, &p);
+    mapif_party_info(fd, &p);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ情報�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_PartyInfo (int fd, int party_id)
+int mapif_parse_PartyInfo(int fd, int party_id)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
     if (p != NULL)
-        mapif_party_info (fd, p);
+        mapif_party_info(fd, p);
     else
-        mapif_party_noinfo (fd, party_id);
+        mapif_party_noinfo(fd, party_id);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ追加�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_PartyAddMember (int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
+int mapif_parse_PartyAddMember(int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
                                 const char *nick, const char *map, int lv)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
     if (p == NULL)
     {
-        mapif_party_memberadded (fd, party_id, account_id, 1);
+        mapif_party_memberadded(fd, party_id, account_id, 1);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -503,44 +489,44 @@ int mapif_parse_PartyAddMember (int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
     {
         if (p->member[i].account_id == 0)
         {
-            int  flag = 0;
+            int flag = 0;
 
             p->member[i].account_id = account_id;
-            memcpy (p->member[i].name, nick, 24);
-            memcpy (p->member[i].map, map, 16);
+            memcpy(p->member[i].name, nick, 24);
+            memcpy(p->member[i].map, map, 16);
             p->member[i].leader = 0;
             p->member[i].online = 1;
             p->member[i].lv = lv;
-            mapif_party_memberadded (fd, party_id, account_id, 0);
-            mapif_party_info (-1, p);
+            mapif_party_memberadded(fd, party_id, account_id, 0);
+            mapif_party_info(-1, p);
 
-            if (p->exp > 0 && !party_check_exp_share (p))
+            if (p->exp > 0 && !party_check_exp_share(p))
             {
                 p->exp = 0;
                 flag = 0x01;
             }
             if (flag)
-                mapif_party_optionchanged (fd, p, 0, 0);
+                mapif_party_optionchanged(fd, p, 0, 0);
             return 0;
         }
     }
-    mapif_party_memberadded (fd, party_id, account_id, 1);
+    mapif_party_memberadded(fd, party_id, account_id, 1);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティー設定変更�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_PartyChangeOption (int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
+int mapif_parse_PartyChangeOption(int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
                                    int exp, int item)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
     if (p == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     p->exp = exp;
-    int  flag = 0;
-    if (exp > 0 && !party_check_exp_share (p))
+    int flag = 0;
+    if (exp > 0 && !party_check_exp_share(p))
     {
         flag |= 0x01;
         p->exp = 0;
@@ -548,94 +534,85 @@ int mapif_parse_PartyChangeOption (int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
 
     p->item = item;
 
-    mapif_party_optionchanged (fd, p, account_id, flag);
+    mapif_party_optionchanged(fd, p, account_id, flag);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ脱退�求
-int mapif_parse_PartyLeave (int fd, int party_id, int account_id)
+void mapif_parse_PartyLeave(int, int party_id, int account_id)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
-    if (p != NULL)
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
+    if (!p)
+        return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
-        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
-        {
-            if (p->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-            {
-                mapif_party_leaved (party_id, account_id, p->member[i].name);
+        if (p->member[i].account_id != account_id)
+            continue;
+        mapif_party_leaved(party_id, account_id, p->member[i].name);
 
-                memset (&p->member[i], 0, sizeof (struct party_member));
-                if (party_check_empty (p) == 0)
-                    mapif_party_info (-1, p);   // ��人��る��データ�信
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
+        memset(&p->member[i], 0, sizeof(struct party_member));
+        if (party_check_empty(p) == 0)
+            mapif_party_info(-1, p);   // ��人��る��データ�信
+        return;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティマップ更新�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_PartyChangeMap (int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
+void mapif_parse_PartyChangeMap(int fd, int party_id, int account_id,
                                 const char *map, int online, int lv)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
     if (p == NULL)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
-        if (p->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-        {
-            int  flag = 0;
+        if (p->member[i].account_id != account_id)
+            continue;
+        int flag = 0;
 
-            memcpy (p->member[i].map, map, 16);
-            p->member[i].online = online;
-            p->member[i].lv = lv;
-            mapif_party_membermoved (p, i);
+        memcpy(p->member[i].map, map, 16);
+        p->member[i].online = online;
+        p->member[i].lv = lv;
+        mapif_party_membermoved(p, i);
 
-            if (p->exp > 0 && !party_check_exp_share (p))
-            {
-                p->exp = 0;
-                flag = 1;
-            }
-            if (flag)
-                mapif_party_optionchanged (fd, p, 0, 0);
-            break;
+        if (p->exp > 0 && !party_check_exp_share(p))
+        {
+            p->exp = 0;
+            flag = 1;
         }
+        if (flag)
+            mapif_party_optionchanged(fd, p, 0, 0);
+        return;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ解散�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_BreakParty (int fd, int party_id)
+void mapif_parse_BreakParty(int fd, int party_id)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
     if (p == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    numdb_erase (party_db, party_id);
-    mapif_party_broken (fd, party_id);
+        return;
 
-    return 0;
+    party_db.erase(party_id);
+    mapif_party_broken(fd, party_id);
 }
 
 // パーティメッセージ�信
 static
-int mapif_parse_PartyMessage (int fd, int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes,
+int mapif_parse_PartyMessage(int, int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes,
                               int len)
 {
-    return mapif_party_message (party_id, account_id, mes, len);
+    return mapif_party_message(party_id, account_id, mes, len);
 }
 
 // パーティ�ェック�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_PartyCheck (int fd, int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
+int mapif_parse_PartyCheck(int, int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
 {
-    return party_check_conflict (party_id, account_id, nick);
+    return party_check_conflict(party_id, account_id, nick);
 }
 
 // map server �ら�通信
@@ -643,45 +620,45 @@ int mapif_parse_PartyCheck (int fd, int party_id, int account_id, const char *ni
 // ・パケット長データ�inter.c�セット������
 // ・パケット長�ェックや�RFIFOSKIP�呼�出�元�行�れる��行����ら��
 // ・エラー�ら0(false)�������ら1(true)を�����れ��ら��
-int inter_party_parse_frommap (int fd)
+int inter_party_parse_frommap(int fd)
 {
-    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
     {
         case 0x3020:
-            mapif_parse_CreateParty (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6),
-                                     (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 30), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 54),
-                                     RFIFOW (fd, 70));
+            mapif_parse_CreateParty(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 6),
+                                     (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 30), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 54),
+                                     RFIFOW(fd, 70));
             break;
         case 0x3021:
-            mapif_parse_PartyInfo (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+            mapif_parse_PartyInfo(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
             break;
         case 0x3022:
-            mapif_parse_PartyAddMember (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                        (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 34),
-                                        RFIFOW (fd, 50));
+            mapif_parse_PartyAddMember(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6),
+                                        (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 10), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 34),
+                                        RFIFOW(fd, 50));
             break;
         case 0x3023:
-            mapif_parse_PartyChangeOption (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                           RFIFOW (fd, 10), RFIFOW (fd, 12));
+            mapif_parse_PartyChangeOption(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6),
+                                           RFIFOW(fd, 10), RFIFOW(fd, 12));
             break;
         case 0x3024:
-            mapif_parse_PartyLeave (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
+            mapif_parse_PartyLeave(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6));
             break;
         case 0x3025:
-            mapif_parse_PartyChangeMap (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                        (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10), RFIFOB (fd, 26),
-                                        RFIFOW (fd, 27));
+            mapif_parse_PartyChangeMap(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6),
+                                        (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 10), RFIFOB(fd, 26),
+                                        RFIFOW(fd, 27));
             break;
         case 0x3026:
-            mapif_parse_BreakParty (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+            mapif_parse_BreakParty(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
             break;
         case 0x3027:
-            mapif_parse_PartyMessage (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8),
-                                      (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 12), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12);
+            mapif_parse_PartyMessage(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 4), RFIFOL(fd, 8),
+                                      (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 12), RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 12);
             break;
         case 0x3028:
-            mapif_parse_PartyCheck (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                    (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10));
+            mapif_parse_PartyCheck(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6),
+                                    (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 10));
             break;
         default:
             return 0;
@@ -691,7 +668,7 @@ int inter_party_parse_frommap (int fd)
 }
 
 // サー�ー�ら脱退�求（キャラ削除用）
-int inter_party_leave (int party_id, int account_id)
+void inter_party_leave(int party_id, int account_id)
 {
-    return mapif_parse_PartyLeave (-1, party_id, account_id);
+    mapif_parse_PartyLeave(-1, party_id, account_id);
 }
diff --git a/src/char/int_party.hpp b/src/char/int_party.hpp
index 93e8887..8a59b49 100644
--- a/src/char/int_party.hpp
+++ b/src/char/int_party.hpp
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-// $Id: int_party.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
 #ifndef INT_PARTY_HPP
 #define INT_PARTY_HPP
 
-int  inter_party_init (void);
-int  inter_party_save (void);
+int inter_party_init(void);
+int inter_party_save(void);
 
-int  inter_party_parse_frommap (int fd);
+int inter_party_parse_frommap(int fd);
 
-int  inter_party_leave (int party_id, int account_id);
+void inter_party_leave(int party_id, int account_id);
 
 extern char party_txt[1024];
 
-#endif
+#endif // INT_PARTY_HPP
diff --git a/src/char/int_storage.cpp b/src/char/int_storage.cpp
index a962b92..ba55538 100644
--- a/src/char/int_storage.cpp
+++ b/src/char/int_storage.cpp
@@ -1,442 +1,161 @@
-// $Id: int_storage.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
+#include "int_storage.hpp"
 
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include <functional>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "../common/extract.hpp"
 #include "../common/lock.hpp"
-#include "char.hpp"
-#include "inter.hpp"
-#include "int_storage.hpp"
-#include "int_guild.hpp"
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 // ファイル��デフォルト
 // inter_config_read()��設定�れる
 char storage_txt[1024] = "save/storage.txt";
-char guild_storage_txt[1024] = "save/g_storage.txt";
 
-static struct dbt *storage_db;
-static struct dbt *guild_storage_db;
+static
+Map<int, struct storage> storage_db;
 
 // 倉庫データを文字列�変�
 static
-int storage_tostr (char *str, struct storage *p)
+std::string storage_tostr(struct storage *p)
 {
-    int  i, f = 0;
-    char *str_p = str;
-    str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d,%d\t", p->account_id, p->storage_amount);
+    std::string str = STRPRINTF(
+            "%d,%d\t",
+            p->account_id, p->storage_amount);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
-        if ((p->storage_[i].nameid) && (p->storage_[i].amount))
+    int f = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
+        if (p->storage_[i].nameid && p->storage_[i].amount)
         {
-            str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
-                              p->storage_[i].id, p->storage_[i].nameid,
-                              p->storage_[i].amount, p->storage_[i].equip,
-                              p->storage_[i].identify, p->storage_[i].refine,
-                              p->storage_[i].attribute,
-                              p->storage_[i].card[0], p->storage_[i].card[1],
-                              p->storage_[i].card[2], p->storage_[i].card[3]);
+            str += STRPRINTF(
+                    "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
+                    p->storage_[i].id,
+                    p->storage_[i].nameid,
+                    p->storage_[i].amount,
+                    p->storage_[i].equip,
+                    p->storage_[i].identify,
+                    p->storage_[i].refine,
+                    p->storage_[i].attribute,
+                    p->storage_[i].card[0],
+                    p->storage_[i].card[1],
+                    p->storage_[i].card[2],
+                    p->storage_[i].card[3]);
             f++;
         }
 
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
+    str += '\t';
 
-    *str_p = '\0';
     if (!f)
-        str[0] = 0;
-    return 0;
+        str.clear();
+    return str;
 }
 
 // 文字列を倉庫データ�変�
 static
-int storage_fromstr (char *str, struct storage *p)
+bool extract(const_string str, struct storage *p)
 {
-    int  tmp_int[256];
-    int  set, next, len, i;
+    std::vector<struct item> storage_items;
+    if (!extract(str,
+                record<'\t'>(
+                    record<','>(
+                        &p->account_id,
+                        &p->storage_amount),
+                    vrec<' '>(&storage_items))))
+        return false;
 
-    set = sscanf (str, "%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &next);
-    p->storage_amount = tmp_int[1];
+    if (p->account_id <= 0)
+        return false;
 
-    if (set != 2)
-        return 1;
-    if (str[next] == '\n' || str[next] == '\r')
-        return 0;
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t' && i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                    &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                    &tmp_int[10], &len) == 12)
-        {
-            p->storage_[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-            p->storage_[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-            p->storage_[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-            p->storage_[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-            p->storage_[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-            p->storage_[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-            p->storage_[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-            p->storage_[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-            p->storage_[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-            p->storage_[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-            p->storage_[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-            next += len;
-            if (str[next] == ' ')
-                next++;
-        }
-
-        else if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                         &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                         &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                         &len) == 11)
-        {
-            p->storage_[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-            p->storage_[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-            p->storage_[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-            p->storage_[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-            p->storage_[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-            p->storage_[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-            p->storage_[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-            p->storage_[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-            p->storage_[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-            p->storage_[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-            p->storage_[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-            next += len;
-            if (str[next] == ' ')
-                next++;
-        }
+    if (storage_items.size() >= MAX_STORAGE)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(storage_items.begin(), storage_items.end(), p->storage_);
 
-        else
-            return 1;
-    }
-    if (i >= MAX_STORAGE && str[next] && str[next] != '\t')
-        printf
-            ("storage_fromstr: Found a storage line with more items than MAX_STORAGE (%d), remaining items have been discarded!\n",
-             MAX_STORAGE);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int guild_storage_tostr (char *str, struct guild_storage *p)
-{
-    int  i, f = 0;
-    char *str_p = str;
-    str_p += sprintf (str, "%d,%d\t", p->guild_id, p->storage_amount);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILD_STORAGE; i++)
-        if ((p->storage_[i].nameid) && (p->storage_[i].amount))
-        {
-            str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
-                              p->storage_[i].id, p->storage_[i].nameid,
-                              p->storage_[i].amount, p->storage_[i].equip,
-                              p->storage_[i].identify, p->storage_[i].refine,
-                              p->storage_[i].attribute,
-                              p->storage_[i].card[0], p->storage_[i].card[1],
-                              p->storage_[i].card[2], p->storage_[i].card[3]);
-            f++;
-        }
-
-    *(str_p++) = '\t';
-
-    *str_p = '\0';
-    if (!f)
-        str[0] = 0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int guild_storage_fromstr (char *str, struct guild_storage *p)
-{
-    int  tmp_int[256];
-    int  set, next, len, i;
-
-    set = sscanf (str, "%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &next);
-    p->storage_amount = tmp_int[1];
-
-    if (set != 2)
-        return 1;
-    if (str[next] == '\n' || str[next] == '\r')
-        return 0;
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t' && i < MAX_GUILD_STORAGE; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                    &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                    &tmp_int[10], &len) == 12)
-        {
-            p->storage_[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-            p->storage_[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-            p->storage_[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-            p->storage_[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-            p->storage_[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-            p->storage_[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-            p->storage_[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-            p->storage_[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-            p->storage_[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-            p->storage_[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-            p->storage_[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-            next += len;
-            if (str[next] == ' ')
-                next++;
-        }
-
-        else if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                         &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                         &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                         &len) == 11)
-        {
-            p->storage_[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-            p->storage_[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-            p->storage_[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-            p->storage_[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-            p->storage_[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-            p->storage_[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-            p->storage_[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-            p->storage_[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-            p->storage_[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-            p->storage_[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-            p->storage_[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-            next += len;
-            if (str[next] == ' ')
-                next++;
-        }
-
-        else
-            return 1;
-    }
-    if (i >= MAX_GUILD_STORAGE && str[next] && str[next] != '\t')
-        printf
-            ("guild_storage_fromstr: Found a storage line with more items than MAX_GUILD_STORAGE (%d), remaining items have been discarded!\n",
-             MAX_GUILD_STORAGE);
-    return 0;
+    return true;
 }
 
 // アカウント�ら倉庫データインデックスを得る（新�倉庫追加�能）
-struct storage *account2storage (int account_id)
+struct storage *account2storage(int account_id)
 {
-    struct storage *s;
-    s = (struct storage *) numdb_search (storage_db, account_id);
+    struct storage *s = storage_db.search(account_id);
     if (s == NULL)
     {
-        CREATE (s, struct storage, 1);
-        memset (s, 0, sizeof (struct storage));
+        s = storage_db.init(account_id);
         s->account_id = account_id;
-        numdb_insert (storage_db, s->account_id, s);
     }
     return s;
 }
 
-static
-struct guild_storage *guild2storage (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gs = NULL;
-    if (inter_guild_search (guild_id) != NULL)
-    {
-        gs = (struct guild_storage *) numdb_search (guild_storage_db,
-                                                    guild_id);
-        if (gs == NULL)
-        {
-            CREATE (gs, struct guild_storage, 1);
-            gs->guild_id = guild_id;
-            numdb_insert (guild_storage_db, gs->guild_id, gs);
-        }
-    }
-    return gs;
-}
-
 //---------------------------------------------------------
 // 倉庫データを読�込む
-int inter_storage_init (void)
+int inter_storage_init(void)
 {
-    char line[65536];
-    int  c = 0, tmp_int;
-    struct storage *s;
-    struct guild_storage *gs;
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    storage_db = numdb_init ();
+    int c = 0;
 
-    fp = fopen_ (storage_txt, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(storage_txt);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("cant't read : %s\n", storage_txt);
+        PRINTF("cant't read : %s\n", storage_txt);
         return 1;
     }
-    while (fgets (line, 65535, fp))
-    {
-        sscanf (line, "%d", &tmp_int);
-        CREATE (s, struct storage, 1);
-        s->account_id = tmp_int;
-        if (s->account_id > 0 && storage_fromstr (line, s) == 0)
-        {
-            numdb_insert (storage_db, s->account_id, s);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("int_storage: broken data [%s] line %d\n", storage_txt,
-                    c);
-            free (s);
-        }
-        c++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-
-    c = 0;
-    guild_storage_db = numdb_init ();
 
-    fp = fopen_ (guild_storage_txt, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("cant't read : %s\n", guild_storage_txt);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 65535, fp))
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        sscanf (line, "%d", &tmp_int);
-        CREATE (gs, struct guild_storage, 1);
-        gs->guild_id = tmp_int;
-        if (gs->guild_id > 0 && guild_storage_fromstr (line, gs) == 0)
+        struct storage s {};
+        if (extract(line, &s))
         {
-            numdb_insert (guild_storage_db, gs->guild_id, gs);
+            storage_db.insert(s.account_id, s);
         }
         else
         {
-            printf ("int_storage: broken data [%s] line %d\n",
-                    guild_storage_txt, c);
-            free (gs);
+            PRINTF("int_storage: broken data [%s] line %d\n",
+                    storage_txt, c);
         }
         c++;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-void storage_db_final (db_key_t k, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct storage *p = (struct storage *) data;
-    if (p)
-        free (p);
-}
-
-static
-void guild_storage_db_final (db_key_t k, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void inter_storage_save_sub(struct storage *data, FILE *fp)
 {
-    struct guild_storage *p = (struct guild_storage *) data;
-    if (p)
-        free (p);
-}
-
-void inter_storage_final (void)
-{
-    numdb_final (storage_db, storage_db_final);
-    numdb_final (guild_storage_db, guild_storage_db_final);
-    return;
-}
-
-static
-void inter_storage_save_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    char line[65536];
-    FILE *fp;
-    storage_tostr (line, (struct storage *) data);
-    fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-    if (*line)
-        fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
+    std::string line = storage_tostr(data);
+    if (!line.empty())
+        FPRINTF(fp, "%s\n", line);
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------
 // 倉庫データを書�込む
-int inter_storage_save (void)
+int inter_storage_save(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
-    int  lock;
-
-    if (!storage_db)
-        return 1;
+    int lock;
 
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (storage_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = lock_fopen(storage_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("int_storage: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
+        PRINTF("int_storage: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
                 storage_txt);
         return 1;
     }
-    numdb_foreach (storage_db, inter_storage_save_sub, fp);
-    lock_fclose (fp, storage_txt, &lock);
-//  printf("int_storage: %s saved.\n",storage_txt);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-void inter_guild_storage_save_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    char line[65536];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    if (inter_guild_search (((struct guild_storage *) data)->guild_id) !=
-        NULL)
-    {
-        guild_storage_tostr (line, (struct guild_storage *) data);
-        fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-        if (*line)
-            fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
-    }
-}
-
-//---------------------------------------------------------
-// 倉庫データを書�込む
-int inter_guild_storage_save (void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    int  lock;
-
-    if (!guild_storage_db)
-        return 1;
-
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (guild_storage_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("int_storage: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
-                guild_storage_txt);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    numdb_foreach (guild_storage_db, inter_guild_storage_save_sub, fp);
-    lock_fclose (fp, guild_storage_txt, &lock);
-//  printf("int_storage: %s saved.\n",guild_storage_txt);
+    for (auto& pair : storage_db)
+        inter_storage_save_sub(&pair.second, fp);
+    lock_fclose(fp, storage_txt, &lock);
+//  PRINTF("int_storage: %s saved.\n",storage_txt);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ削除
-int inter_storage_delete (int account_id)
+void inter_storage_delete(int account_id)
 {
-    struct storage *s =
-        (struct storage *) numdb_search (storage_db, account_id);
-    if (s)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (storage_db, account_id);
-        free (s);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド倉庫データ削除
-int inter_guild_storage_delete (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gs =
-        (struct guild_storage *) numdb_search (guild_storage_db, guild_id);
-    if (gs)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (guild_storage_db, guild_id);
-        free (gs);
-    }
-    return 0;
+    storage_db.erase(account_id);
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -444,60 +163,25 @@ int inter_guild_storage_delete (int guild_id)
 
 // 倉庫データ��信
 static
-int mapif_load_storage (int fd, int account_id)
+int mapif_load_storage(int fd, int account_id)
 {
-    struct storage *s = account2storage (account_id);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3810;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = sizeof (struct storage) + 8;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 8), s, sizeof (struct storage));
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    struct storage *s = account2storage(account_id);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x3810;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = sizeof(struct storage) + 8;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = account_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 8), s, sizeof(struct storage));
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ�存完了�信
 static
-int mapif_save_storage_ack (int fd, int account_id)
+int mapif_save_storage_ack(int fd, int account_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3811;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 7);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_load_guild_storage (int fd, int account_id, int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gs = guild2storage (guild_id);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3818;
-    if (gs)
-    {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = sizeof (struct guild_storage) + 12;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 4) = account_id;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 8) = guild_id;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 12), gs, sizeof (struct guild_storage));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 12;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 4) = account_id;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 8) = 0;
-    }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_save_guild_storage_ack (int fd, int account_id, int guild_id,
-                                  int fail)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3819;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 11);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x3811;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, 7);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -506,61 +190,29 @@ int mapif_save_guild_storage_ack (int fd, int account_id, int guild_id,
 
 // 倉庫データ�求�信
 static
-int mapif_parse_LoadStorage (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_LoadStorage(int fd)
 {
-    mapif_load_storage (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    mapif_load_storage(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ�信＆�存
 static
-int mapif_parse_SaveStorage (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_SaveStorage(int fd)
 {
     struct storage *s;
-    int  account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-    int  len = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
-    if (sizeof (struct storage) != len - 8)
-    {
-        printf ("inter storage: data size error %d %d\n",
-                sizeof (struct storage), len - 8);
-    }
-    else
+    int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+    int len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
+    if (sizeof(struct storage) != len - 8)
     {
-        s = account2storage (account_id);
-        memcpy (s, RFIFOP (fd, 8), sizeof (struct storage));
-        mapif_save_storage_ack (fd, account_id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_parse_LoadGuildStorage (int fd)
-{
-    mapif_load_guild_storage (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int mapif_parse_SaveGuildStorage (int fd)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gs;
-    int  guild_id = RFIFOL (fd, 8);
-    int  len = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
-    if (sizeof (struct guild_storage) != len - 12)
-    {
-        printf ("inter storage: data size error %d %d\n",
-                sizeof (struct guild_storage), len - 12);
+        PRINTF("inter storage: data size error %zu %d\n",
+                sizeof(struct storage), len - 8);
     }
     else
     {
-        gs = guild2storage (guild_id);
-        if (gs)
-        {
-            memcpy (gs, RFIFOP (fd, 12), sizeof (struct guild_storage));
-            mapif_save_guild_storage_ack (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4), guild_id, 0);
-        }
-        else
-            mapif_save_guild_storage_ack (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 4), guild_id, 1);
+        s = account2storage(account_id);
+        memcpy(s, RFIFOP(fd, 8), sizeof(struct storage));
+        mapif_save_storage_ack(fd, account_id);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -570,21 +222,15 @@ int mapif_parse_SaveGuildStorage (int fd)
 // ・パケット長データ�inter.c�セット������
 // ・パケット長�ェックや�RFIFOSKIP�呼�出�元�行�れる��行����ら��
 // ・エラー�ら0(false)�������ら1(true)を�����れ��ら��
-int inter_storage_parse_frommap (int fd)
+int inter_storage_parse_frommap(int fd)
 {
-    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
     {
         case 0x3010:
-            mapif_parse_LoadStorage (fd);
+            mapif_parse_LoadStorage(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3011:
-            mapif_parse_SaveStorage (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3018:
-            mapif_parse_LoadGuildStorage (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3019:
-            mapif_parse_SaveGuildStorage (fd);
+            mapif_parse_SaveStorage(fd);
             break;
         default:
             return 0;
diff --git a/src/char/int_storage.hpp b/src/char/int_storage.hpp
index 9986f2d..691f16d 100644
--- a/src/char/int_storage.hpp
+++ b/src/char/int_storage.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
-// $Id: int_storage.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
 #ifndef INT_STORAGE_HPP
 #define INT_STORAGE_HPP
 
-int  inter_storage_init (void);
-void inter_storage_final (void);
-int  inter_storage_save (void);
-int  inter_guild_storage_save (void);
-int  inter_storage_delete (int account_id);
-int  inter_guild_storage_delete (int guild_id);
-struct storage *account2storage (int account_id);
+int inter_storage_init(void);
+int inter_storage_save(void);
+void inter_storage_delete(int account_id);
+struct storage *account2storage(int account_id);
 
-int  inter_storage_parse_frommap (int fd);
+int inter_storage_parse_frommap(int fd);
 
 extern char storage_txt[1024];
-extern char guild_storage_txt[1024];
 
-#endif
+#endif // INT_STORAGE_HPP
diff --git a/src/char/inter.cpp b/src/char/inter.cpp
index 7752cb4..9efb28c 100644
--- a/src/char/inter.cpp
+++ b/src/char/inter.cpp
@@ -1,50 +1,50 @@
-// $Id: inter.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-#include "char.hpp"
+#include "inter.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "../common/extract.hpp"
+#include "../common/lock.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "../common/utils.hpp"
 
-#include "inter.hpp"
+#include "char.hpp"
 #include "int_party.hpp"
-#include "int_guild.hpp"
 #include "int_storage.hpp"
-#include "../common/lock.hpp"
 
-#define WISDATA_TTL (60*1000)   // Existence time of Wisp/page data (60 seconds)
-                                // that is the waiting time of answers of all map-servers
-#define WISDELLIST_MAX 256      // Number of elements of Wisp/page data deletion list
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+// Existence time of Wisp/page data (60 seconds)
+// that is the waiting time of answers of all map-servers
+constexpr std::chrono::minutes WISDATA_TTL = std::chrono::minutes(1);
+// Number of elements of Wisp/page data deletion list
+constexpr int WISDELLIST_MAX = 256;
 
 char inter_log_filename[1024] = "log/inter.log";
 
+static
 char accreg_txt[1024] = "save/accreg.txt";
-static struct dbt *accreg_db = NULL;
 
 struct accreg
 {
-    int  account_id, reg_num;
+    int account_id, reg_num;
     struct global_reg reg[ACCOUNT_REG_NUM];
 };
+static
+Map<int, struct accreg> accreg_db;
 
-int  party_share_level = 10;
-
-// �信パケット長リスト
-int  inter_send_packet_length[] = {
-    -1, -1, 27, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    -1, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    35, -1, 11, 15, 34, 29, 7, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    10, -1, 15, 0, 79, 19, 7, -1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 14, 67, 186, -1,
-    9, 9, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    11, -1, 7, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-};
+int party_share_level = 10;
 
 // �信パケット長リスト
-int  inter_recv_packet_length[] = {
+static
+int inter_recv_packet_length[] = {
     -1, -1, 7, -1, -1, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     6, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     72, 6, 52, 14, 10, 29, 6, -1, 34, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -58,122 +58,104 @@ int  inter_recv_packet_length[] = {
 
 struct WisData
 {
-    int  id, fd, count, len;
-    unsigned long tick;
-    unsigned char src[24], dst[24], msg[1024];
+    int id, fd, count;
+    tick_t tick;
+    unsigned char src[24], dst[24];
+    std::string msg;
 };
-static struct dbt *wis_db = NULL;
-static int wis_dellist[WISDELLIST_MAX], wis_delnum;
+static
+Map<int, struct WisData> wis_db;
+static
+int wis_dellist[WISDELLIST_MAX], wis_delnum;
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------
 
 // アカウント変数を文字列�変�
 static
-int inter_accreg_tostr (char *str, struct accreg *reg)
+std::string inter_accreg_tostr(struct accreg *reg)
 {
-    int  j;
-    char *p = str;
-
-    p += sprintf (p, "%d\t", reg->account_id);
-    for (j = 0; j < reg->reg_num; j++)
-    {
-        p += sprintf (p, "%s,%d ", reg->reg[j].str, reg->reg[j].value);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+    std::string str STRPRINTF("%d\t", reg->account_id);
+    for (int j = 0; j < reg->reg_num; j++)
+        str += STRPRINTF("%s,%d ", reg->reg[j].str, reg->reg[j].value);
+    return str;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数を文字列�ら変�
 static
-int inter_accreg_fromstr (const char *str, struct accreg *reg)
+bool extract(const_string str, struct accreg *reg)
 {
-    int  j, v, n;
-    char buf[128];
-    const char *p = str;
-
-    if (sscanf (p, "%d\t%n", &reg->account_id, &n) != 1
-        || reg->account_id <= 0)
-        return 1;
-
-    for (j = 0, p += n; j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM; j++, p += n)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (p, "%[^,],%d %n", buf, &v, &n) != 2)
-            break;
-        memcpy (reg->reg[j].str, buf, 32);
-        reg->reg[j].value = v;
-    }
-    reg->reg_num = j;
-
-    return 0;
+    std::vector<struct global_reg> vars;
+    if (!extract(str,
+                record<'\t'>(
+                    &reg->account_id,
+                    vrec<' '>(&vars))))
+        return false;
+    if (reg->account_id <= 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (vars.size() > ACCOUNT_REG_NUM)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(vars.begin(), vars.end(), reg->reg);
+    reg->reg_num = vars.size();
+    return true;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�読�込�
 static
-int inter_accreg_init (void)
+int inter_accreg_init(void)
 {
-    char line[8192];
-    FILE *fp;
-    int  c = 0;
-    struct accreg *reg;
-
-    accreg_db = numdb_init ();
+    int c = 0;
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (accreg_txt, "r")) == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(accreg_txt);
+    if (!in.is_open())
         return 1;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        CREATE (reg, struct accreg, 1);
-        if (inter_accreg_fromstr (line, reg) == 0 && reg->account_id > 0)
+        struct accreg reg {};
+        if (extract(line, &reg))
         {
-            numdb_insert (accreg_db, reg->account_id, reg);
+            accreg_db.insert(reg.account_id, reg);
         }
         else
         {
-            printf ("inter: accreg: broken data [%s] line %d\n", accreg_txt,
+            PRINTF("inter: accreg: broken data [%s] line %d\n", accreg_txt,
                     c);
-            free (reg);
         }
         c++;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-//  printf("inter: %s read done (%d)\n", accreg_txt, c);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�セーブ用
 static
-void inter_accreg_save_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void inter_accreg_save_sub(struct accreg *reg, FILE *fp)
 {
-    char line[8192];
-    FILE *fp;
-    struct accreg *reg = (struct accreg *) data;
-
     if (reg->reg_num > 0)
     {
-        inter_accreg_tostr (line, reg);
-        fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-        fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
+        std::string line = inter_accreg_tostr(reg);
+        fwrite(line.data(), 1, line.size(), fp);
+        fputc('\n', fp);
     }
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�セーブ
 static
-int inter_accreg_save (void)
+int inter_accreg_save(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
-    int  lock;
+    int lock;
 
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (accreg_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = lock_fopen(accreg_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("int_accreg: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
+        PRINTF("int_accreg: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
                 accreg_txt);
         return 1;
     }
-    numdb_foreach (accreg_db, inter_accreg_save_sub, fp);
-    lock_fclose (fp, accreg_txt, &lock);
-//  printf("inter: %s saved.\n", accreg_txt);
+    for (auto& pair : accreg_db)
+        inter_accreg_save_sub(&pair.second, fp);
+    lock_fclose(fp, accreg_txt, &lock);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -185,119 +167,75 @@ int inter_accreg_save (void)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int inter_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int inter_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(cfgName);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
+        PRINTF("file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
         return 1;
     }
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
 
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) != 2)
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
+    {
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
 
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "storage_txt") == 0)
+        if (w1 == "storage_txt")
         {
-            strncpy (storage_txt, w2, sizeof (storage_txt));
+            strzcpy(storage_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(storage_txt));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "party_txt") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "party_txt")
         {
-            strncpy (party_txt, w2, sizeof (party_txt));
+            strzcpy(party_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(party_txt));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "guild_txt") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "accreg_txt")
         {
-            strncpy (guild_txt, w2, sizeof (guild_txt));
+            strzcpy(accreg_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(accreg_txt));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "castle_txt") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "party_share_level")
         {
-            strncpy (castle_txt, w2, sizeof (castle_txt));
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "accreg_txt") == 0)
-        {
-            strncpy (accreg_txt, w2, sizeof (accreg_txt));
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "guild_storage_txt") == 0)
-        {
-            strncpy (guild_storage_txt, w2, sizeof (guild_storage_txt));
-        }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "party_share_level") == 0)
-        {
-            party_share_level = atoi (w2);
+            party_share_level = atoi(w2.c_str());
             if (party_share_level < 0)
                 party_share_level = 0;
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "inter_log_filename") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "inter_log_filename")
         {
-            strncpy (inter_log_filename, w2, sizeof (inter_log_filename));
+            strzcpy(inter_log_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(inter_log_filename));
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "import")
         {
-            inter_config_read (w2);
+            inter_config_read(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PRINTF("WARNING: unknown inter config key: %s\n", w1);
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ログ書�出�
-int inter_log (const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-    FILE *logfp;
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-    logfp = fopen_ (inter_log_filename, "a");
-    if (logfp)
-    {
-        vfprintf (logfp, fmt, ap);
-        fclose_ (logfp);
-    }
-    va_end (ap);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // セーブ
-int inter_save (void)
+int inter_save(void)
 {
-    inter_party_save ();
-    inter_guild_save ();
-    inter_storage_save ();
-    inter_guild_storage_save ();
-    inter_accreg_save ();
+    inter_party_save();
+    inter_storage_save();
+    inter_accreg_save();
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // �期化
-int inter_init (const char *file)
+int inter_init(const char *file)
 {
-    inter_config_read (file);
-
-    wis_db = numdb_init ();
-
-    inter_party_init ();
-    inter_guild_init ();
-    inter_storage_init ();
-    inter_accreg_init ();
-
-    return 0;
-}
+    inter_config_read(file);
 
-// マップサー�ー接続
-int inter_mapif_init (int fd)
-{
-    inter_guild_mapif_init (fd);
+    inter_party_init();
+    inter_storage_init();
+    inter_accreg_init();
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -307,87 +245,83 @@ int inter_mapif_init (int fd)
 
 // GMメッセージ�信
 static
-int mapif_GMmessage (unsigned char *mes, int len)
+void mapif_GMmessage(const uint8_t *mes, int len)
 {
     unsigned char buf[len];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3800;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), mes, len - 4);
-    mapif_sendall (buf, len);
-//  printf("inter server: GM:%d %s\n", len, mes);
-
-    return 0;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3800;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = len;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 4), mes, len - 4);
+    mapif_sendall(buf, len);
 }
 
 // Wisp/page transmission to all map-server
 static
-int mapif_wis_message (struct WisData *wd)
+int mapif_wis_message(struct WisData *wd)
 {
-    unsigned char buf[56 + wd->len];
+    unsigned char buf[56 + wd->msg.size()];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3801;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = 56 + wd->len;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = wd->id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 8), wd->src, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 32), wd->dst, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 56), wd->msg, wd->len);
-    wd->count = mapif_sendall (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3801;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = 56 + wd->msg.size();
+    WBUFL(buf, 4) = wd->id;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 8), wd->src, 24);
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 32), wd->dst, 24);
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 56), wd->msg.data(), wd->msg.size());
+    wd->count = mapif_sendall(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // Wisp/page transmission result to map-server
 static
-int mapif_wis_end (struct WisData *wd, int flag)
+int mapif_wis_end(struct WisData *wd, int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[27];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3802;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 2), wd->src, 24);
-    WBUFB (buf, 26) = flag;     // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-    mapif_send (wd->fd, buf, 27);
-//  printf("inter server wis_end: flag: %d\n", flag);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3802;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 2), wd->src, 24);
+    WBUFB(buf, 26) = flag;     // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+    mapif_send(wd->fd, buf, 27);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�信
 static
-int mapif_account_reg (int fd, unsigned char *src)
+int mapif_account_reg(int fd, const uint8_t *src)
 {
-    unsigned char buf[WBUFW (src, 2)];
+    unsigned char buf[RBUFW(src, 2)];
 
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 0), src, WBUFW (src, 2));
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3804;
-    mapif_sendallwos (fd, buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 0), src, RBUFW(src, 2));
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3804;
+    mapif_sendallwos(fd, buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�求返信
 static
-int mapif_account_reg_reply (int fd, int account_id)
+int mapif_account_reg_reply(int fd, int account_id)
 {
-    struct accreg *reg = (struct accreg *)numdb_search (accreg_db, account_id);
+    struct accreg *reg = accreg_db.search(account_id);
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x3804;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = account_id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x3804;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = account_id;
     if (reg == NULL)
     {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 8;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 8;
     }
     else
     {
-        int  j, p;
+        int j, p;
         for (j = 0, p = 8; j < reg->reg_num; j++, p += 36)
         {
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, p), reg->reg[j].str, 32);
-            WFIFOL (fd, p + 32) = reg->reg[j].value;
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, p), reg->reg[j].str, 32);
+            WFIFOL(fd, p + 32) = reg->reg[j].value;
         }
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = p;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = p;
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -396,36 +330,33 @@ int mapif_account_reg_reply (int fd, int account_id)
 
 // Existence check of WISP data
 static
-void check_ttl_wisdata_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void check_ttl_wisdata_sub(struct WisData *wd, tick_t tick)
 {
-    unsigned long tick;
-    struct WisData *wd = (struct WisData *) data;
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned long);
-
-    if (DIFF_TICK (tick, wd->tick) > WISDATA_TTL
+    if (tick > wd->tick + WISDATA_TTL
         && wis_delnum < WISDELLIST_MAX)
         wis_dellist[wis_delnum++] = wd->id;
 }
 
 static
-int check_ttl_wisdata (void)
+int check_ttl_wisdata(void)
 {
-    unsigned long tick = gettick ();
-    int  i;
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
+    int i;
 
     do
     {
         wis_delnum = 0;
-        numdb_foreach (wis_db, check_ttl_wisdata_sub, tick);
+        for (auto& pair : wis_db)
+            check_ttl_wisdata_sub(&pair.second, tick);
         for (i = 0; i < wis_delnum; i++)
         {
-            struct WisData *wd = (struct WisData *)numdb_search (wis_db, wis_dellist[i]);
-            printf ("inter: wis data id=%d time out : from %s to %s\n",
+            struct WisData *wd = wis_db.search(wis_dellist[i]);
+            assert (wd);
+            PRINTF("inter: wis data id=%d time out : from %s to %s\n",
                     wd->id, wd->src, wd->dst);
             // removed. not send information after a timeout. Just no answer for the player
             //mapif_wis_end(wd, 1); // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-            numdb_erase (wis_db, wd->id);
-            free (wd);
+            wis_db.erase(wd->id);
         }
     }
     while (wis_delnum >= WISDELLIST_MAX);
@@ -438,72 +369,65 @@ int check_ttl_wisdata (void)
 
 // GMメッセージ�信
 static
-int mapif_parse_GMmessage (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_GMmessage(int fd)
 {
-    mapif_GMmessage (RFIFOP (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    mapif_GMmessage(static_cast<const uint8_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4)), RFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // Wisp/page request to send
 static
-int mapif_parse_WisRequest (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_WisRequest(int fd)
 {
-    struct WisData *wd;
     static int wisid = 0;
-    int  index;
+    int index;
 
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 52 >= sizeof (wd->msg))
-    {
-        printf ("inter: Wis message size too long.\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 52 <= 0)
+    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 52 <= 0)
     {                           // normaly, impossible, but who knows...
-        printf ("inter: Wis message doesn't exist.\n");
+        PRINTF("inter: Wis message doesn't exist.\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
     // search if character exists before to ask all map-servers
-    if ((index = search_character_index ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 28))) == -1)
+    if ((index = search_character_index((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 28))) == -1)
     {
         unsigned char buf[27];
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3802;
-        memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 4), 24);
-        WBUFB (buf, 26) = 1;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-        mapif_send (fd, buf, 27);
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3802;
+        memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 2), RFIFOP(fd, 4), 24);
+        WBUFB(buf, 26) = 1;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+        mapif_send(fd, buf, 27);
         // Character exists. So, ask all map-servers
     }
     else
     {
         // to be sure of the correct name, rewrite it
-        memset (RFIFOP (fd, 28), 0, 24);
-        strncpy ((char *)RFIFOP (fd, 28), search_character_name (index), 24);
+        strzcpy(static_cast<char *>(const_cast<void *>(RFIFOP(fd, 28))), search_character_name(index), 24);
         // if source is destination, don't ask other servers.
-        if (strcmp ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 28)) == 0)
+        if (strcmp((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 28)) == 0)
         {
             unsigned char buf[27];
-            WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3802;
-            memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 4), 24);
-            WBUFB (buf, 26) = 1;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-            mapif_send (fd, buf, 27);
+            WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3802;
+            memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 2), RFIFOP(fd, 4), 24);
+            WBUFB(buf, 26) = 1;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+            mapif_send(fd, buf, 27);
         }
         else
         {
-            CREATE (wd, struct WisData, 1);
+            struct WisData wd;
 
             // Whether the failure of previous wisp/page transmission (timeout)
-            check_ttl_wisdata ();
-
-            wd->id = ++wisid;
-            wd->fd = fd;
-            wd->len = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 52;
-            memcpy (wd->src, RFIFOP (fd, 4), 24);
-            memcpy (wd->dst, RFIFOP (fd, 28), 24);
-            memcpy (wd->msg, RFIFOP (fd, 52), wd->len);
-            wd->tick = gettick ();
-            numdb_insert (wis_db, wd->id, wd);
-            mapif_wis_message (wd);
+            check_ttl_wisdata();
+
+            wd.id = ++wisid;
+            wd.fd = fd;
+            size_t len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 52;
+            memcpy(wd.src, RFIFOP(fd, 4), 24);
+            memcpy(wd.dst, RFIFOP(fd, 28), 24);
+            wd.msg = std::string(static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 52)), len);
+            wd.tick = gettick();
+            wis_db.insert(wd.id, wd);
+            mapif_wis_message(&wd);
         }
     }
 
@@ -512,19 +436,18 @@ int mapif_parse_WisRequest (int fd)
 
 // Wisp/page transmission result
 static
-int mapif_parse_WisReply (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_WisReply(int fd)
 {
-    int  id = RFIFOL (fd, 2), flag = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
-    struct WisData *wd = (struct WisData *)numdb_search (wis_db, id);
+    int id = RFIFOL(fd, 2), flag = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
+    struct WisData *wd = wis_db.search(id);
 
     if (wd == NULL)
         return 0;               // This wisp was probably suppress before, because it was timeout of because of target was found on another map-server
 
     if ((--wd->count) <= 0 || flag != 1)
     {
-        mapif_wis_end (wd, flag);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-        numdb_erase (wis_db, id);
-        free (wd);
+        mapif_wis_end(wd, flag);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+        wis_db.erase(id);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -532,50 +455,50 @@ int mapif_parse_WisReply (int fd)
 
 // Received wisp message from map-server for ALL gm (just copy the message and resends it to ALL map-servers)
 static
-int mapif_parse_WisToGM (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_WisToGM(int fd)
 {
-    unsigned char buf[RFIFOW (fd, 2)];  // 0x3003/0x3803 <packet_len>.w <wispname>.24B <min_gm_level>.w <message>.?B
+    unsigned char buf[RFIFOW(fd, 2)];  // 0x3003/0x3803 <packet_len>.w <wispname>.24B <min_gm_level>.w <message>.?B
 
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 0), RFIFOP (fd, 0), RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x3803;
-    mapif_sendall (buf, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 0), RFIFOP(fd, 0), RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x3803;
+    mapif_sendall(buf, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�存�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_AccReg (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_AccReg(int fd)
 {
-    int  j, p;
-    struct accreg *reg = (struct accreg*)numdb_search (accreg_db, (numdb_key_t)RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+    int j, p;
+    struct accreg *reg = accreg_db.search(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
 
     if (reg == NULL)
     {
-        CREATE (reg, struct accreg, 1);
-        reg->account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-        numdb_insert (accreg_db, (numdb_key_t)RFIFOL (fd, 4), reg);
+        int account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+        reg = accreg_db.init(account_id);
+        reg->account_id = account_id;
     }
 
-    for (j = 0, p = 8; j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM && p < RFIFOW (fd, 2);
+    for (j = 0, p = 8; j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM && p < RFIFOW(fd, 2);
          j++, p += 36)
     {
-        memcpy (reg->reg[j].str, RFIFOP (fd, p), 32);
-        reg->reg[j].value = RFIFOL (fd, p + 32);
+        memcpy(reg->reg[j].str, RFIFOP(fd, p), 32);
+        reg->reg[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
     }
     reg->reg_num = j;
 
-    mapif_account_reg (fd, RFIFOP (fd, 0)); // 他�MAPサー�ー��信
+    // 他�MAPサー�ー��信
+    mapif_account_reg(fd, static_cast<const uint8_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 0)));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�信�求
 static
-int mapif_parse_AccRegRequest (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_AccRegRequest(int fd)
 {
-//  printf("mapif: accreg request\n");
-    return mapif_account_reg_reply (fd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    return mapif_account_reg_reply(fd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------
@@ -583,71 +506,69 @@ int mapif_parse_AccRegRequest (int fd)
 // map server �ら�通信（１パケット��解��る��）
 // エラー�ら0(false)�処�����ら1�
 // パケット長�足り��れ�2を�����れ��ら��
-int inter_parse_frommap (int fd)
+int inter_parse_frommap(int fd)
 {
-    int  cmd = RFIFOW (fd, 0);
-    int  len = 0;
+    int cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
+    int len = 0;
 
     // inter鯖管轄�を調�る
     if (cmd < 0x3000
         || cmd >=
         0x3000 +
-        (sizeof (inter_recv_packet_length) /
-         sizeof (inter_recv_packet_length[0])))
+        (sizeof(inter_recv_packet_length) /
+         sizeof(inter_recv_packet_length[0])))
         return 0;
 
     // パケット長を調�る
     if ((len =
-         inter_check_length (fd,
+         inter_check_length(fd,
                              inter_recv_packet_length[cmd - 0x3000])) == 0)
         return 2;
 
     switch (cmd)
     {
         case 0x3000:
-            mapif_parse_GMmessage (fd);
+            mapif_parse_GMmessage(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3001:
-            mapif_parse_WisRequest (fd);
+            mapif_parse_WisRequest(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3002:
-            mapif_parse_WisReply (fd);
+            mapif_parse_WisReply(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3003:
-            mapif_parse_WisToGM (fd);
+            mapif_parse_WisToGM(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3004:
-            mapif_parse_AccReg (fd);
+            mapif_parse_AccReg(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3005:
-            mapif_parse_AccRegRequest (fd);
+            mapif_parse_AccRegRequest(fd);
             break;
         default:
-            if (inter_party_parse_frommap (fd))
-                break;
-            if (inter_guild_parse_frommap (fd))
+            if (inter_party_parse_frommap(fd))
                 break;
-            if (inter_storage_parse_frommap (fd))
+            if (inter_storage_parse_frommap(fd))
                 break;
             return 0;
     }
-    RFIFOSKIP (fd, len);
+    RFIFOSKIP(fd, len);
 
     return 1;
 }
 
 // RFIFO�パケット長確�
 // 必�パケット長��れ�パケット長���足り��れ�0
-int inter_check_length (int fd, int length)
+int inter_check_length(int fd, int length)
 {
     if (length == -1)
     {                           // �変パケット長
-        if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4) // パケット長�未�
+        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4) // パケット長�未�
             return 0;
-        length = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
+        length = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOREST (fd) < length)    // パケット�未�
+    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < length)    // パケット�未�
         return 0;
 
     return length;
diff --git a/src/char/inter.hpp b/src/char/inter.hpp
index 56960be..0adbf03 100644
--- a/src/char/inter.hpp
+++ b/src/char/inter.hpp
@@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
-// $Id: inter.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:51 MagicalTux Exp $
 #ifndef INTER_HPP
 #define INTER_HPP
 
-int  inter_init (const char *file);
-int  inter_save (void);
-int  inter_parse_frommap (int fd);
-int  inter_mapif_init (int fd);
+int inter_init(const char *file);
+int inter_save(void);
+int inter_parse_frommap(int fd);
 
-int  inter_check_length (int fd, int length);
-
-__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-int  inter_log (const char *fmt, ...);
+int inter_check_length(int fd, int length);
 
 #define inter_cfgName "conf/inter_athena.conf"
 
 extern int party_share_level;
 extern char inter_log_filename[1024];
 
-#endif
+#endif // INTER_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/const_array.hpp b/src/common/const_array.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93ae337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/const_array.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#ifndef CONST_ARRAY_HPP
+#define CONST_ARRAY_HPP
+//    const_array.hpp - just a pointer-to-const and a length
+//
+//    Copyright © 2011-2012 Ben Longbons <b.r.longbons@gmail.com>
+//
+//    This file is part of The Mana World (Athena server)
+//
+//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//    (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//    GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "sanity.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <iterator>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifdef WORKAROUND_GCC46_COMPILER
+// constexpr is buggy with templates in this version
+# define constexpr /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+// TODO see if I ever actually use this, and not the subclass
+template<class T>
+class const_array
+{
+    const T *d;
+    size_t n;
+public:
+    typedef const T *iterator;
+    typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
+
+    constexpr
+    const_array(std::nullptr_t)
+    : d(nullptr), n(0)
+    {}
+
+    constexpr
+    const_array(const T *p, size_t z)
+    : d(p), n(z)
+    {}
+
+    constexpr
+    const_array(const T *b, const T *e)
+    : d(b), n(e - b)
+    {}
+
+    const_array(std::initializer_list<T> list)
+    : d(list.begin()), n(list.size())
+    {}
+
+    // Implicit conversion from std::vector
+    const_array(const std::vector<T>& v)
+    : d(v.data()), n(v.size())
+    {}
+
+    // but disallow conversion from a temporary
+    const_array(std::vector<T>&&) = delete;
+
+    // All methods are non-const to "encourage" you
+    // to always pass a const_array by value.
+    // After all, "const const_array" looks funny.
+    constexpr
+    const T *data() { return d; }
+    constexpr
+    size_t size() { return n; }
+    constexpr
+    bool empty() { return not n; }
+    constexpr explicit
+    operator bool() { return n; }
+
+    constexpr
+    std::pair<const_array, const_array> cut(size_t o)
+    {
+        return {const_array(d, o), const_array(d + o, n - o)};
+    }
+
+    constexpr
+    const_array first(size_t o)
+    {
+        return cut(o).first;
+    }
+
+    constexpr
+    const_array last(size_t l)
+    {
+        return cut(size() - l).second;
+    }
+
+    constexpr
+    const_array after(size_t o)
+    {
+        return cut(o).second;
+    }
+
+    constexpr
+    iterator begin() { return d; }
+    constexpr
+    iterator end() { return d + n; }
+    constexpr
+    reverse_iterator rbegin() { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
+    constexpr
+    reverse_iterator rend() { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+
+    constexpr
+    const T& front() { return *begin(); }
+    constexpr
+    const T& back() { return *rbegin(); }
+};
+
+// subclass just provides a simpler name and some conversions
+class const_string : public const_array<char>
+{
+public:
+    // Implicit conversion from C string.
+    constexpr
+    const_string(const char *z)
+    : const_array<char>(z, z ? strlen(z) : 0)
+    {}
+
+    // Same as parent constructor.
+    constexpr
+    const_string(const char *s, size_t l)
+    : const_array<char>(s, l)
+    {}
+
+    // Same as parent constructor.
+    constexpr
+    const_string(const char *b, const char *e)
+    : const_array<char>(b, e)
+    {}
+
+    // Same as parent constructor.
+    const_string(const std::vector<char> s)
+    : const_array<char>(s)
+    {}
+
+    // Implicit conversion from C++ string.
+    const_string(const std::string& s)
+    : const_array<char>(s.data(), s.size())
+    {}
+
+    // but disallow converion from a temporary.
+    const_string(std::string&&) = delete;
+
+    // allow being sloppy
+    constexpr
+    const_string(const_array<char> a)
+    : const_array<char>(a)
+    {}
+};
+#ifdef WORKAROUND_GCC46_COMPILER
+# undef constexpr
+#endif
+
+inline
+std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& o, const_string s)
+{
+    return o.write(s.data(), s.size());
+}
+
+#endif // CONST_ARRAY_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/core.cpp b/src/common/core.cpp
index db26e31..994de93 100644
--- a/src/common/core.cpp
+++ b/src/common/core.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <signal.h>
+#include "core.hpp"
+
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
-#include "core.hpp"
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <csignal>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "random.hpp"
 #include "socket.hpp"
 #include "timer.hpp"
-#include "version.hpp"
-#include "mt_rand.hpp"
-#include "nullpo.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 // Added by Gabuzomeu
 //
@@ -17,13 +20,14 @@
 // (sigaction() is POSIX; signal() is not.)  Taken from Stevens' _Advanced
 // Programming in the UNIX Environment_.
 //
-typedef void (*sigfunc)(int);
-static sigfunc compat_signal (int signo, sigfunc func)
+typedef void(*sigfunc)(int);
+static
+sigfunc compat_signal(int signo, sigfunc func)
 {
     struct sigaction sact, oact;
 
     sact.sa_handler = func;
-    sigfillset (&sact.sa_mask);
+    sigfillset(&sact.sa_mask);
     sigdelset(&sact.sa_mask, SIGSEGV);
     sigdelset(&sact.sa_mask, SIGBUS);
     sigdelset(&sact.sa_mask, SIGTRAP);
@@ -31,22 +35,24 @@ static sigfunc compat_signal (int signo, sigfunc func)
     sigdelset(&sact.sa_mask, SIGFPE);
     sact.sa_flags = 0;
 
-    if (sigaction (signo, &sact, &oact) < 0)
+    if (sigaction(signo, &sact, &oact) < 0)
         return SIG_ERR;
 
     return oact.sa_handler;
 }
 
-static void chld_proc (int UNUSED)
+static
+void chld_proc(int)
 {
     wait(NULL);
 }
-static void sig_proc (int UNUSED)
+static __attribute__((noreturn))
+void sig_proc(int)
 {
     for (int i = 1; i < 31; ++i)
         compat_signal(i, SIG_IGN);
-    term_func ();
-    _exit (0);
+    term_func();
+    _exit(0);
 }
 
 bool runflag = true;
@@ -60,34 +66,35 @@ bool runflag = true;
     Unless you use SA_SIGINFO and *carefully* check the origin,
     that means they must be SIG_DFL.
  */
-int main (int argc, char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    /// Note that getpid() and getppid() may be very close
-    mt_seed (time (NULL) ^ (getpid () << 16) ^ (getppid () << 8));
-
-    do_socket ();
+    do_socket();
 
-    do_init (argc, argv);
+    do_init(argc, argv);
     // set up exit handlers *after* the initialization has happened.
     // This is because term_func is likely to depend on successful init.
 
-    compat_signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
-    compat_signal (SIGTERM, sig_proc);
-    compat_signal (SIGINT, sig_proc);
-    compat_signal (SIGCHLD, chld_proc);
+    compat_signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+    compat_signal(SIGTERM, sig_proc);
+    compat_signal(SIGINT, sig_proc);
+    compat_signal(SIGCHLD, chld_proc);
 
     // Signal to create coredumps by system when necessary (crash)
-    compat_signal (SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
-    compat_signal (SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
-    compat_signal (SIGTRAP, SIG_DFL);
-    compat_signal (SIGILL, SIG_DFL);
-    compat_signal (SIGFPE, SIG_DFL);
+    compat_signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
+    compat_signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
+    compat_signal(SIGTRAP, SIG_DFL);
+    compat_signal(SIGILL, SIG_DFL);
+    compat_signal(SIGFPE, SIG_DFL);
 
-    atexit (term_func);
+    atexit(term_func);
 
     while (runflag)
     {
-        do_sendrecv (do_timer (gettick_nocache ()));
-        do_parsepacket ();
+        // TODO - if timers take a long time to run, this
+        // may wait too long in sendrecv
+        tick_t now = milli_clock::now();
+        interval_t next = do_timer(now);
+        do_sendrecv(next);
+        do_parsepacket();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/core.hpp b/src/common/core.hpp
index 8a52c55..0c11efb 100644
--- a/src/common/core.hpp
+++ b/src/common/core.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef CORE_HPP
 #define CORE_HPP
-#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "sanity.hpp"
+
 /// core.c contains a server-independent main() function
 /// and then runs a do_sendrecv loop
 
@@ -10,10 +12,10 @@ extern bool runflag;
 
 /// This is an external function defined by each server
 /// This function must register stuff for the parse loop
-extern int  do_init (int, char **);
+extern int do_init(int, char **);
 
 /// Cleanup function called whenever a signal kills us
 /// or when if we manage to exit() gracefully.
-extern void term_func (void);
+extern void term_func(void);
 
 #endif // CORE_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/cxxstdio.cpp b/src/common/cxxstdio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f4001f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/cxxstdio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include "cxxstdio.hpp"
+//    cxxstdio.cpp - pass C++ types through scanf/printf
+//
+//    Copyright © 2013 Ben Longbons <b.r.longbons@gmail.com>
+//
+//    This file is part of The Mana World (Athena server)
+//
+//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//    (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//    GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace cxxstdio
+{
+StringConverter::~StringConverter()
+{
+    if (mid)
+    {
+        out = mid;
+        free(mid);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace cxxstdio
diff --git a/src/common/cxxstdio.hpp b/src/common/cxxstdio.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96c3ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/cxxstdio.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+#ifndef CXXSTDIO_HPP
+#define CXXSTDIO_HPP
+//    cxxstdio.hpp - pass C++ types through scanf/printf
+//
+//    Copyright © 2011-2013 Ben Longbons <b.r.longbons@gmail.com>
+//
+//    This file is part of The Mana World (Athena server)
+//
+//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//    (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//    GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "sanity.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "const_array.hpp"
+#include "utils2.hpp"
+
+
+namespace cxxstdio
+{
+    inline __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 0)))
+    int do_vprint(FILE *out, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+    {
+        return vfprintf(out, fmt, ap);
+    }
+
+    inline __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 0)))
+    int do_vprint(std::string& out, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+    {
+        int len;
+        {
+            va_list ap2;
+            va_copy(ap2, ap);
+            len = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, ap2);
+            va_end(ap2);
+        }
+        char buffer[len + 1];
+        vsnprintf(buffer, len + 1, fmt, ap);
+
+        out = buffer;
+        return len;
+    }
+
+    inline __attribute__((format(scanf, 2, 0)))
+    int do_vscan(FILE *in, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+    {
+        return vfscanf(in, fmt, ap);
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    inline __attribute__((format(scanf, 2, 0)))
+    int do_vscan(const char *in, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+    {
+        return vsscanf(in, fmt, ap);
+    }
+#else
+    inline
+    int do_vscan(const char *, const char *, va_list) = delete;
+#endif
+
+    inline __attribute__((format(scanf, 2, 0)))
+    int do_vscan(const std::string& in, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+    {
+        return vsscanf(in.c_str(), fmt, ap);
+    }
+
+
+    template<class T>
+    inline __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)))
+    int do_print(T&& t, const char *fmt, ...) throw()
+    {
+        int rv;
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, fmt);
+        rv = do_vprint(std::forward<T>(t), fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        return rv;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    inline __attribute__((format(scanf, 2, 3)))
+    int do_scan(T&& t, const char *fmt, ...) throw()
+    {
+        int rv;
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, fmt);
+        rv = do_vscan(std::forward<T>(t), fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+        return rv;
+    }
+
+
+    template<class T>
+    typename remove_enum<T>::type convert_for_printf(T v)
+    {
+        typedef typename remove_enum<T>::type repr_type;
+        return repr_type(v);
+    }
+
+    template<class T, typename = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_enum<T>::value>::type>
+    T& convert_for_scanf(T& v)
+    {
+        return v;
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr
+    E get_enum_min_value(decltype(E::min_value))
+    {
+        return E::min_value;
+    }
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr
+    E get_enum_min_value(E def)
+    {
+        return def;
+    }
+
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr
+    E get_enum_max_value(decltype(E::max_value))
+    {
+        return E::max_value;
+    }
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr
+    E get_enum_max_value(E def)
+    {
+        return def;
+    }
+#else
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr
+    E get_enum_min_value(E)
+    {
+        return E::min_value;
+    }
+    template<class E>
+    constexpr
+    E get_max_value(E)
+    {
+        return E::max_value;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template<class E>
+    class EnumConverter
+    {
+        E& out;
+        typedef typename underlying_type<E>::type U;
+#if 0
+        constexpr static
+        U min_value = U(get_enum_min_value<E>(E(std::numeric_limits<U>::min())));
+        constexpr static
+        U max_value = U(get_enum_max_value<E>(E(std::numeric_limits<U>::max())));
+#else
+        constexpr static
+        U min_value = U(get_enum_min_value(E()));
+        constexpr static
+        U max_value = U(get_enum_max_value(E()));
+#endif
+        U mid;
+    public:
+        EnumConverter(E& e)
+        : out(e), mid(0)
+        {}
+        ~EnumConverter()
+        {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
+            if (min_value <= mid && mid <= max_value)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+                out = E(mid);
+        }
+        U *operator &()
+        {
+            return &mid;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class T, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<T>::value>::type>
+    EnumConverter<T> convert_for_scanf(T& v)
+    {
+        return v;
+    }
+
+
+    inline
+    const char *convert_for_printf(const std::string& s)
+    {
+        return s.c_str();
+    }
+
+    class StringConverter
+    {
+        std::string& out;
+        char *mid;
+    public:
+        StringConverter(std::string& s)
+        : out(s), mid(nullptr)
+        {}
+        ~StringConverter();
+        char **operator &()
+        {
+            return &mid;
+        }
+    };
+
+    inline
+    StringConverter convert_for_scanf(std::string& s)
+    {
+        return StringConverter(s);
+    }
+
+    template<class Format>
+    class PrintFormatter
+    {
+    public:
+        template<class T, class... A>
+        static
+        int print(T&& t, A&&... a)
+        {
+            constexpr static
+            const char *print_format = Format::print_format();
+            return do_print(std::forward<T>(t), print_format,
+                    convert_for_printf(std::forward<A>(a))...);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<class Format>
+    class ScanFormatter
+    {
+    public:
+        template<class T, class... A>
+        static
+        int scan(T&& t, A&&... a)
+        {
+            constexpr static
+            const char *scan_format = Format::scan_format();
+            return do_scan(std::forward<T>(t), scan_format,
+                    &convert_for_scanf(*a)...);
+        }
+    };
+
+#define FPRINTF(file, fmt, ...)                                     \
+    ([&]() -> int                                                   \
+    {                                                               \
+        struct format_impl                                          \
+        {                                                           \
+            constexpr static                                        \
+            const char *print_format() { return fmt; }              \
+        };                                                          \
+        return cxxstdio::PrintFormatter<format_impl>::print(file, ## __VA_ARGS__);  \
+    }())
+
+#define FSCANF(file, fmt, ...)                                  \
+    ([&]() -> int                                               \
+    {                                                           \
+        struct format_impl                                      \
+        {                                                       \
+            constexpr static                                    \
+            const char *scan_format() { return fmt; }           \
+        };                                                      \
+        return cxxstdio::ScanFormatter<format_impl>::scan(file, ## __VA_ARGS__);    \
+    }())
+
+#define PRINTF(fmt, ...)            FPRINTF(stdout, fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPRINTF(str, fmt, ...)      FPRINTF(str, fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SCANF(fmt, ...)             FSCANF(stdin, fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SSCANF(str, fmt, ...)       FSCANF(str, fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define STRPRINTF(fmt, ...)                     \
+    ([&]() -> std::string                       \
+    {                                           \
+        std::string _out_impl;                  \
+        SPRINTF(_out_impl, fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__);\
+        return _out_impl;                       \
+    }())
+
+} // namespace cxxstdio
+
+#endif // CXXSTDIO_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/db.cpp b/src/common/db.cpp
index 21a3597..cc58ad8 100644
--- a/src/common/db.cpp
+++ b/src/common/db.cpp
@@ -1,546 +1,3 @@
 #include "db.hpp"
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "utils.hpp"
-
-#define ROOT_SIZE 4096
-
-static int strdb_cmp (struct dbt *table, const char *a, const char* b)
-{
-    if (table->maxlen)
-        return strncmp (a, b, table->maxlen);
-    return strcmp (a, b);
-}
-
-static hash_t strdb_hash (struct dbt *table, const char *a)
-{
-    size_t i = table->maxlen;
-    if (i == 0)
-        i = (size_t)-1;
-    hash_t h = 0;
-    const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char*)a;
-    while (*p && i--)
-    {
-        h = (h * 33 + *p++) ^ (h >> 24);
-    }
-    return h;
-}
-
-struct dbt *strdb_init (size_t maxlen)
-{
-    struct dbt *table;
-    CREATE (table, struct dbt, 1);
-    table->type = DB_STRING;
-    table->maxlen = maxlen;
-    return table;
-}
-
-static int numdb_cmp (numdb_key_t a, numdb_key_t b)
-{
-    if (a == b)
-        return 0;
-    if (a < b)
-        return -1;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-static hash_t numdb_hash (numdb_key_t a)
-{
-    return (hash_t) a;
-}
-
-struct dbt *numdb_init (void)
-{
-    struct dbt *table;
-    CREATE (table, struct dbt, 1);
-    table->type = DB_NUMBER;
-    return table;
-}
-
-static int table_cmp (struct dbt *table, db_key_t a, db_key_t b)
-{
-    switch(table->type)
-    {
-    case DB_NUMBER: return numdb_cmp (a.i, b.i);
-    case DB_STRING: return strdb_cmp (table, a.s, b.s);
-    }
-    abort();
-}
-
-static hash_t table_hash (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key)
-{
-    switch(table->type)
-    {
-    case DB_NUMBER: return numdb_hash (key.i);
-    case DB_STRING: return strdb_hash (table, key.s);
-    }
-    abort();
-}
-
-/// Search for a node with the given key
-db_val_t db_search (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key)
-{
-    struct dbn *p = table->ht[table_hash (table, key) % HASH_SIZE];
-
-    while (p)
-    {
-        int  c = table_cmp (table, key, p->key);
-        if (c == 0)
-            return p->data;
-        if (c < 0)
-            p = p->left;
-        else
-            p = p->right;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-// Tree maintainance methods
-static void db_rotate_left (struct dbn *p, struct dbn **root)
-{
-    struct dbn *y = p->right;
-    p->right = y->left;
-    if (y->left)
-        y->left->parent = p;
-    y->parent = p->parent;
-
-    if (p == *root)
-        *root = y;
-    else if (p == p->parent->left)
-        p->parent->left = y;
-    else
-        p->parent->right = y;
-    y->left = p;
-    p->parent = y;
-}
-
-static void db_rotate_right (struct dbn *p, struct dbn **root)
-{
-    struct dbn *y = p->left;
-    p->left = y->right;
-    if (y->right)
-        y->right->parent = p;
-    y->parent = p->parent;
-
-    if (p == *root)
-        *root = y;
-    else if (p == p->parent->right)
-        p->parent->right = y;
-    else
-        p->parent->left = y;
-    y->right = p;
-    p->parent = y;
-}
-
-static void db_rebalance (struct dbn *p, struct dbn **root)
-{
-    p->color = RED;
-    while (p != *root && p->parent->color == RED)
-    {
-        if (p->parent == p->parent->parent->left)
-        {
-            struct dbn *y = p->parent->parent->right;
-            if (y && y->color == RED)
-            {
-                p->parent->color = BLACK;
-                y->color = BLACK;
-                p->parent->parent->color = RED;
-                p = p->parent->parent;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (p == p->parent->right)
-                {
-                    p = p->parent;
-                    db_rotate_left (p, root);
-                }
-                p->parent->color = BLACK;
-                p->parent->parent->color = RED;
-                db_rotate_right (p->parent->parent, root);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            struct dbn *y = p->parent->parent->left;
-            if (y && y->color == RED)
-            {
-                p->parent->color = BLACK;
-                y->color = BLACK;
-                p->parent->parent->color = RED;
-                p = p->parent->parent;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (p == p->parent->left)
-                {
-                    p = p->parent;
-                    db_rotate_right (p, root);
-                }
-                p->parent->color = BLACK;
-                p->parent->parent->color = RED;
-                db_rotate_left (p->parent->parent, root);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    (*root)->color = BLACK;
-}
-
-// param z = node to remove
-static void db_rebalance_erase (struct dbn *z, struct dbn **root)
-{
-    struct dbn *y = z;
-    struct dbn *x = NULL;
-
-    if (!y->left)
-        x = y->right;
-    else if (!y->right)
-        x = y->left;
-    else
-    {
-        y = y->right;
-        while (y->left)
-            y = y->left;
-        x = y->right;
-    }
-    struct dbn *x_parent = NULL;
-    if (y != z)
-    {
-        z->left->parent = y;
-        y->left = z->left;
-        if (y != z->right)
-        {
-            x_parent = y->parent;
-            if (x)
-                x->parent = y->parent;
-            y->parent->left = x;
-            y->right = z->right;
-            z->right->parent = y;
-        }
-        else
-            x_parent = y;
-        if (*root == z)
-            *root = y;
-        else if (z->parent->left == z)
-            z->parent->left = y;
-        else
-            z->parent->right = y;
-        y->parent = z->parent;
-        {
-            dbn_color tmp = y->color;
-            y->color = z->color;
-            z->color = tmp;
-        }
-        y = z;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        x_parent = y->parent;
-        if (x)
-            x->parent = y->parent;
-        if (*root == z)
-            *root = x;
-        else if (z->parent->left == z)
-            z->parent->left = x;
-        else
-            z->parent->right = x;
-    }
-    if (y->color != RED)
-    {
-        while (x != *root && (!x || x->color == BLACK))
-            if (x == x_parent->left)
-            {
-                struct dbn *w = x_parent->right;
-                if (w->color == RED)
-                {
-                    w->color = BLACK;
-                    x_parent->color = RED;
-                    db_rotate_left (x_parent, root);
-                    w = x_parent->right;
-                }
-                if ((!w->left || w->left->color == BLACK) &&
-                    (!w->right || w->right->color == BLACK))
-                {
-                    w->color = RED;
-                    x = x_parent;
-                    x_parent = x->parent;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (!w->right|| w->right->color == BLACK)
-                    {
-                        if (w->left)
-                            w->left->color = BLACK;
-                        w->color = RED;
-                        db_rotate_right (w, root);
-                        w = x_parent->right;
-                    }
-                    w->color = x_parent->color;
-                    x_parent->color = BLACK;
-                    if (w->right)
-                        w->right->color = BLACK;
-                    db_rotate_left (x_parent, root);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // same as above, with right <-> left.
-                struct dbn *w = x_parent->left;
-                if (w->color == RED)
-                {
-                    w->color = BLACK;
-                    x_parent->color = RED;
-                    db_rotate_right (x_parent, root);
-                    w = x_parent->left;
-                }
-                if ((!w->right || w->right->color == BLACK) &&
-                    (!w->left || w->left->color == BLACK))
-                {
-                    w->color = RED;
-                    x = x_parent;
-                    x_parent = x_parent->parent;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (!w->left || w->left->color == BLACK)
-                    {
-                        if (w->right)
-                            w->right->color = BLACK;
-                        w->color = RED;
-                        db_rotate_left (w, root);
-                        w = x_parent->left;
-                    }
-                    w->color = x_parent->color;
-                    x_parent->color = BLACK;
-                    if (w->left)
-                        w->left->color = BLACK;
-                    db_rotate_right (x_parent, root);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        if (x)
-            x->color = BLACK;
-    }
-}
-
-struct dbn *db_insert (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key, db_val_t data)
-{
-    hash_t hash = table_hash (table, key) % HASH_SIZE;
-    int c = 0;
-    struct dbn *prev = NULL;
-    struct dbn *p = table->ht[hash];
-    while (p)
-    {
-        c = table_cmp (table, key, p->key);
-        if (c == 0)
-        {
-            // key found in table, replace
-            // Tell the user of the table to free the key and value
-            if (table->release)
-                table->release (p->key, p->data);
-            p->data = data;
-            p->key = key;
-            return p;
-        }
-        // prev is always p->parent?
-        prev = p;
-        if (c < 0)
-            p = p->left;
-        else
-            p = p->right;
-    }
-    CREATE (p, struct dbn, 1);
-    p->key = key;
-    p->data = data;
-    p->color = RED;
-    if (c == 0)
-    {                           // hash entry is empty
-        table->ht[hash] = p;
-        p->color = BLACK;
-        return p;
-    }
-    p->parent = prev;
-    if (c < 0)
-        prev->left = p;
-    else
-        prev->right = p;
-    if (prev->color == RED)
-    {
-        // must rebalance
-        db_rebalance (p, &table->ht[hash]);
-    }
-    return p;
-}
-
-db_val_t db_erase (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key)
-{
-    hash_t hash = table_hash (table, key) % HASH_SIZE;
-    struct dbn *p = table->ht[hash];
-    while (p)
-    {
-        int c = table_cmp (table, key, p->key);
-        if (c == 0)
-            break;
-        if (c < 0)
-            p = p->left;
-        else
-            p = p->right;
-    }
-    if (!p)
-        return NULL;
-    db_val_t data = p->data;
-    db_rebalance_erase (p, &table->ht[hash]);
-    free (p);
-    return data;
-}
-#ifdef SMART_WALK_TREE
-static inline void db_walk_tree (bool dealloc, struct dbn* p, db_func_t func, va_list ap)
-{
-    if (!p)
-        return;
-    if (!dealloc && !func)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Must walk tree to either free or invoke a function.\n");
-        abort();
-    }
-    if (p->parent)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "DEBUG: Root nodes must not have parents\n");
-        abort();
-    }
-    while (true)
-    {
-        // apply_func loop
-        if (func)
-            func (p->key, p->data, ap);
-        if (p->left)
-        {
-            // continue descending
-            p = p->left;
-            continue; //goto apply_func;
-        }
-        if (p->right)
-        {
-            // descending the other side
-            p = p->right;
-            continue; //goto apply_func;
-        }
-        while (true)
-        {
-            // backtrack loop
-            if (!p->parent)
-            {
-                if (dealloc)
-                    free (p);
-                // if we have already done both children, there is no more to do
-                return;
-            }
-            if (p->parent->left == p && p->parent->right)
-            {
-                // finished the left tree, now walk the right tree
-                p = p->parent->right;
-                if (dealloc)
-                    free (p->parent->left);
-                break; //goto apply_func;
-            }
-            // p->parent->right == p
-            // or p->parent->left == p but p->parent->right == NULL
-            // keep backtracking
-            p = p->parent;
-            if (dealloc)
-                free (p->right?:p->left);
-        } //backtrack loop
-    } // apply_func loop
-}
-#endif // SMART_WALK_TREE
-
-void db_foreach (struct dbt *table, db_func_t func, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start (ap, func);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++)
-    {
-#ifdef SMART_WALK_TREE
-        db_walk_tree (false, table->ht[i], func, ap);
-#else
-        struct dbn *p = table->ht[i];
-        if (!p)
-            continue;
-        struct dbn *stack[64];
-        int sp = 0;
-        while (1)
-        {
-            func (p->key, p->data, ap);
-            struct dbn *pn = p->left;
-            if (pn)
-            {
-                if (p->right)
-                    stack[sp++] = p->right;
-                p = pn;
-            }
-            else // pn == NULL, time to do the right branch
-            {
-                if (p->right)
-                    p = p->right;
-                else
-                {
-                    if (sp == 0)
-                        break;
-                    p = stack[--sp];
-                }
-            } // if pn else if !pn
-        } // while true
-#endif // else ! SMART_WALK_TREE
-    } // for i
-    va_end (ap);
-}
-
-// This function is suspiciously similar to the previous
-void db_final (struct dbt *table, db_func_t func, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start (ap, func);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < HASH_SIZE; i++)
-    {
-#ifdef SMART_WALK_TREE
-        db_walk_tree (true, table->ht[i], func, ap);
-#else
-        struct dbn *p = table->ht[i];
-        if (!p)
-            continue;
-        struct dbn *stack[64];
-        int sp = 0;
-        while (1)
-        {
-            if (func)
-                func (p->key, p->data, ap);
-            struct dbn *pn = p->left;
-            if (pn)
-            {
-                if (p->right)
-                    stack[sp++] = p->right;
-            }
-            else // pn == NULL, check the right
-            {
-                if (p->right)
-                    pn = p->right;
-                else
-                {
-                    if (sp == 0)
-                        break;
-                    pn = stack[--sp];
-                }
-            } // if pn else if !pn
-            free (p);
-            p = pn;
-        } // while true
-#endif // else ! SMART_WALK_TREE
-    } // for i
-    free (table);
-    va_end (ap);
-}
+#include "../poison.hpp"
diff --git a/src/common/db.hpp b/src/common/db.hpp
index 62125d8..bd47928 100644
--- a/src/common/db.hpp
+++ b/src/common/db.hpp
@@ -1,90 +1,123 @@
-// WARNING: there is a system header by this name
 #ifndef DB_HPP
 #define DB_HPP
-# include "sanity.hpp"
+//    db.hpp - convenience wrappers over std::map<K, V>
+//
+//    Copyright © 2013 Ben Longbons <b.r.longbons@gmail.com>
+//
+//    This file is part of The Mana World (Athena server)
+//
+//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//    (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//    GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-# include <stdarg.h>
+# include "sanity.hpp"
 
-/// Number of tree roots
-// Somewhat arbitrary - larger wastes more space but is faster for large trees
-// num % HASH_SIZE minimize collisions even for similar num
-# define HASH_SIZE (256+27)
+# include <map>
 
-typedef enum dbn_color
+template<class K, class V>
+class Map
 {
-    RED,
-    BLACK
-} dbn_color;
+    typedef std::map<K, V> Impl;
 
-typedef intptr_t numdb_key_t;
-typedef union db_key_t
-{
-    char *ms __attribute__((deprecated));
-    const char* s;
-    numdb_key_t i;
+    Impl impl;
+public:
+    Map() = default;
+    Map(std::initializer_list<std::pair<const K, V>> il)
+    : impl(il)
+    {}
+    typedef typename Impl::iterator iterator;
+    typedef typename Impl::const_iterator const_iterator;
 
-    db_key_t(numdb_key_t n) : i(n) {}
-    db_key_t(const char * z) : s(z) {}
-} db_key_t;
-typedef void* db_val_t;
-typedef uint32_t hash_t;
-typedef void (*db_func_t)(db_key_t, db_val_t, va_list);
+    iterator begin() { return impl.begin(); }
+    iterator end() { return impl.end(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return impl.begin(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return impl.end(); }
 
-/// DataBase Node
-struct dbn
-{
-    struct dbn *parent, *left, *right;
-    dbn_color color;
-    db_key_t key;
-    db_val_t data;
-};
+    V *search(const K& k)
+    {
+        iterator it = impl.find(k);
+        if (it == impl.end())
+            return nullptr;
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+    const V *search(const K& k) const
+    {
+        const_iterator it = impl.find(k);
+        if (it == impl.end())
+            return nullptr;
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+    void insert(K k, V v)
+    {
+        // As far as I can tell, this is the simplest way to
+        // implement move-only insert-with-replacement.
+        iterator it = impl.lower_bound(k);
+        // invariant: if it is valid, it->first >= k
+        if (it != impl.end() && it->first == k)
+            it->second = std::move(v);
+        else
+            it = impl.insert(std::pair<K, V>(std::move(k), std::move(v))).first;
+        return (void)&it->second;
 
-typedef enum dbt_type
-{
-    DB_NUMBER,
-    DB_STRING,
-} dbt_type;
+    }
+    V *init(K k)
+    {
+        return &impl[k];
+    }
+    void erase(const K& k)
+    {
+        impl.erase(k);
+    }
+    void clear()
+    {
+        impl.clear();
+    }
+    bool empty()
+    {
+        return impl.empty();
+    }
+};
 
-/// DataBase Table
-struct dbt
+template<class K, class V>
+class DMap
 {
-    dbt_type type;
-    /// Note, before replacement, key/values to be replaced
-    // TODO refactor to decrease/eliminate the uses of this?
-    void (*release) (db_key_t, db_val_t) __attribute__((deprecated));
-    /// Maximum length of a string key - TODO refactor to ensure all strings are NUL-terminated
-    size_t maxlen __attribute__((deprecated));
-    /// The root trees
-    struct dbn *ht[HASH_SIZE];
-};
+    typedef Map<K, V> Impl;
 
-# define strdb_search(t,k)   db_search((t),(db_key_t)(k))
-# define strdb_insert(t,k,d) db_insert((t),(db_key_t)(k),(db_val_t)(d))
-# define strdb_erase(t,k)    db_erase ((t),(db_key_t)(k))
-# define strdb_foreach       db_foreach
-# define strdb_final         db_final
-# define numdb_search(t,k)   db_search((t),(db_key_t)(k))
-# define numdb_insert(t,k,d) db_insert((t),(db_key_t)(k),(db_val_t)(d))
-# define numdb_erase(t,k)    db_erase ((t),(db_key_t)(k))
-# define numdb_foreach       db_foreach
-# define numdb_final         db_final
+    Impl impl;
+public:
+    typedef typename Impl::iterator iterator;
+    typedef typename Impl::const_iterator const_iterator;
 
-/// Create a map from char* to void*, with strings possibly not null-terminated
-struct dbt *strdb_init (size_t maxlen);
-/// Create a map from int to void*
-struct dbt *numdb_init (void);
-/// Return the value corresponding to the key, or NULL if not found
-db_val_t db_search (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key);
-/// Add or replace table[key] = data
-// if it was already there, call release
-struct dbn *db_insert (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key, db_val_t data);
-/// Remove a key from the table, returning the data
-db_val_t db_erase (struct dbt *table, db_key_t key);
+    iterator begin() { return impl.begin(); }
+    iterator end() { return impl.end(); }
+    const_iterator begin() const { return impl.begin(); }
+    const_iterator end() const { return impl.end(); }
 
-/// Execute a function for every element, in unspecified order
-void db_foreach (struct dbt *, db_func_t, ...);
-// opposite of init? Calls release for every element and frees memory
-// This probably isn't really needed: we don't have to free memory while exiting
-void db_final (struct dbt *, db_func_t, ...) __attribute__((deprecated));
+    V get(K k)
+    {
+        V *vp = impl.search(k);
+        return vp ? *vp : V();
+    }
+    void put(K k, V v)
+    {
+        if (v == V())
+            impl.erase(k);
+        else
+            impl.insert(k, v);
+    }
+    void clear()
+    {
+        impl.clear();
+    }
+};
 
-#endif
+#endif // DB_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/extract.cpp b/src/common/extract.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e89e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/extract.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "extract.hpp"
+//    extract.cpp - a simple, hierarchical, tokenizer
+//
+//    Copyright © 2013 Ben Longbons <b.r.longbons@gmail.com>
+//
+//    This file is part of The Mana World (Athena server)
+//
+//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//    (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//    GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+bool extract(const_string str, const_string *rv)
+{
+    *rv = str;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool extract(const_string str, std::string *rv)
+{
+    *rv = std::string(str.begin(), str.end());
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool extract(const_string str, struct global_reg *var)
+{
+    return extract(str,
+            record<','>(&var->str, &var->value));
+}
+
+bool extract(const_string str, struct item *it)
+{
+    return extract(str,
+            record<','>(
+                &it->id,
+                &it->nameid,
+                &it->amount,
+                &it->equip,
+                &it->identify,
+                &it->refine,
+                &it->attribute,
+                &it->card[0],
+                &it->card[1],
+                &it->card[2],
+                &it->card[3],
+                &it->broken))
+        || extract(str,
+            record<','>(
+                &it->id,
+                &it->nameid,
+                &it->amount,
+                &it->equip,
+                &it->identify,
+                &it->refine,
+                &it->attribute,
+                &it->card[0],
+                &it->card[1],
+                &it->card[2],
+                &it->card[3]));
+}
diff --git a/src/common/extract.hpp b/src/common/extract.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae1a74b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/extract.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#ifndef EXTRACT_HPP
+#define EXTRACT_HPP
+//    extract.hpp - a simple, hierarchical, tokenizer
+//
+//    Copyright © 2012-2013 Ben Longbons <b.r.longbons@gmail.com>
+//
+//    This file is part of The Mana World (Athena server)
+//
+//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//    (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//    GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#include "sanity.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "const_array.hpp"
+#include "mmo.hpp"
+#include "utils.hpp"
+
+template<class T, typename=typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, char>::value>::type>
+bool extract(const_string str, T *iv)
+{
+    if (!str || str.size() > 20)
+        return false;
+    if (!((str.front() == '-' && std::is_signed<T>::value)
+            || ('0' <= str.front() && str.front() <= '9')))
+        return false;
+    char buf[20 + 1];
+    std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), buf);
+    buf[str.size()] = '\0';
+
+    char *end;
+    errno = 0;
+    if (std::is_signed<T>::value)
+    {
+        long long v = strtoll(buf, &end, 10);
+        if (errno || *end)
+            return false;
+        *iv = v;
+        return *iv == v;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        unsigned long long v = strtoull(buf, &end, 10);
+        if (errno || *end)
+            return false;
+        *iv = v;
+        return *iv == v;
+    }
+}
+
+inline
+bool extract(const_string str, TimeT *tv)
+{
+    return extract(str, &tv->value);
+}
+
+// extra typename=void to workaround some duplicate overload rule
+template<class T, typename=typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<T>::value>::type, typename=void>
+bool extract(const_string str, T *iv)
+{
+    typedef typename underlying_type<T>::type U;
+    U v;
+    // defer to integer version
+    if (!extract(str, &v))
+        return false;
+    // TODO check bounds using enum min/max as in SSCANF
+    *iv = static_cast<T>(v);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool extract(const_string str, const_string *rv);
+
+bool extract(const_string str, std::string *rv);
+
+template<size_t N>
+__attribute__((deprecated))
+bool extract(const_string str, char (*out)[N])
+{
+    if (str.size() >= N)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), *out);
+    std::fill(*out + str.size() , *out + N, '\0');
+    return true;
+}
+
+// basically just a std::tuple
+// but it provides its data members publically
+template<char split, class... T>
+class Record;
+template<char split>
+class Record<split>
+{
+};
+template<char split, class F, class... R>
+class Record<split, F, R...>
+{
+public:
+    F frist;
+    Record<split, R...> rest;
+public:
+    Record(F f, R... r)
+    : frist(f), rest(r...)
+    {}
+};
+template<char split, class... T>
+Record<split, T...> record(T... t)
+{
+    return Record<split, T...>(t...);
+}
+
+template<char split>
+bool extract(const_string str, Record<split>)
+{
+    return !str;
+}
+template<char split, class F, class... R>
+bool extract(const_string str, Record<split, F, R...> rec)
+{
+    const char *s = std::find(str.begin(), str.end(), split);
+    if (s == str.end())
+        return sizeof...(R) == 0 && extract(str, rec.frist);
+    return extract(const_string(str.begin(), s), rec.frist)
+        && extract(const_string(s + 1, str.end()), rec.rest);
+}
+
+template<char split, class T>
+struct VRecord
+{
+    std::vector<T> *arr;
+};
+
+template<char split, class T>
+VRecord<split, T> vrec(std::vector<T> *arr)
+{
+    return {arr};
+}
+
+template<char split, class T>
+bool extract(const_string str, VRecord<split, T> rec)
+{
+    if (str.empty())
+        return true;
+    const char *s = std::find(str.begin(), str.end(), split);
+    rec.arr->emplace_back();
+    if (s == str.end())
+        return extract(str, &rec.arr->back());
+    return extract(const_string(str.begin(), s), &rec.arr->back())
+        && extract(const_string(s + 1, str.end()), rec);
+}
+
+bool extract(const_string str, struct global_reg *var);
+
+bool extract(const_string str, struct item *it);
+
+#endif // EXTRACT_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/grfio.cpp b/src/common/grfio.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index dd1e707..0000000
--- a/src/common/grfio.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-// Reads .gat files by name-mapping .wlk files
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#include "utils.hpp"
-#include "grfio.hpp"
-#include "mmo.hpp"
-#include "socket.hpp"
-
-//----------------------------
-//  file entry table struct
-//----------------------------
-typedef struct
-{
-    size_t declen;
-    int16_t next; // next index into the filelist[] array, or -1
-    char fn[128 - 4 - 2];       // file name
-} FILELIST;
-
-#define FILELIST_LIMIT  32768   // limit to number of filelists - if you increase this, change all shorts to int
-#define FILELIST_ADDS   1024    // amount to increment when reallocing
-
-static FILELIST *filelist = NULL;
-/// Number of entries used
-static uint16_t filelist_entrys = 0;
-/// Number of FILELIST entries actually allocated
-static uint16_t filelist_maxentry = 0;
-
-/// First index of the given hash, into the filelist[] array
-#define l -1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-static int16_t filelist_hash[256] = {l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l,l};
-#undef l
-
-/// Hash a filename
-static uint8_t filehash (const char *fname)
-{
-    // Larger than the return type - upper bits are used in the process
-    uint32_t hash = 0;
-    while (*fname)
-    {
-        hash = (hash << 1) + (hash >> 7) * 9 + (unsigned char)*fname;
-        fname++;
-    }
-    return hash;
-}
-
-/// Find the filelist entry for the given filename, or NULL if it is not
-static
-FILELIST *filelist_find (const char *fname)
-{
-    int16_t index = filelist_hash[filehash (fname)];
-    while (index >= 0)
-    {
-        if (strcmp (filelist[index].fn, fname) == 0)
-            return &filelist[index];
-        index = filelist[index].next;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/// Copy a temporary entry into the hash map
-static FILELIST *filelist_add (FILELIST * entry)
-{
-    if (filelist_entrys >= FILELIST_LIMIT)
-    {
-        fprintf (stderr, "filelist limit : filelist_add\n");
-        exit (1);
-    }
-
-    if (filelist_entrys >= filelist_maxentry)
-    {
-        RECREATE(filelist, FILELIST, filelist_maxentry + FILELIST_ADDS);
-        memset (filelist + filelist_maxentry, '\0',
-                FILELIST_ADDS * sizeof (FILELIST));
-        filelist_maxentry += FILELIST_ADDS;
-    }
-
-    uint16_t new_index = filelist_entrys++;
-    uint8_t hash = filehash (entry->fn);
-    entry->next = filelist_hash[hash];
-    filelist_hash[hash] = new_index;
-
-    filelist[new_index] = *entry;
-
-    return &filelist[new_index];
-}
-
-static FILELIST *filelist_modify (FILELIST * entry)
-{
-    FILELIST *fentry = filelist_find (entry->fn);
-    if (fentry)
-    {
-        entry->next = fentry->next;
-        *fentry = *entry;
-        return fentry;
-    }
-    return filelist_add (entry);
-}
-
-/// Change fname data/*.gat to lfname data/*.wlk
-// TODO even if the file exists, don't keep reopening it every time one loads
-static
-void grfio_resnametable (const char *fname, char *lfname)
-{
-    char restable[] = "data/resnametable.txt";
-
-    FILE *fp = fopen_ (restable, "rb");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        fprintf(stderr, "No resnametable, can't look for %s\n", fname);
-        strcpy(lfname, fname);
-        char* ext = lfname + strlen(lfname) - 4;
-        if (!strcmp(ext, ".gat"))
-            strcpy(ext, ".wlk");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    char line[512];
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line), fp))
-    {
-        char w1[256], w2[256];
-        if (
-            // line is of the form foo.gat#foo.wlk#
-            (sscanf (line, "%[^#]#%[^#]#", w1, w2) == 2)
-            // strip data/ from foo.gat before comparing
-            && (!strcmp (w1, fname + 5)))
-        {
-            strcpy (lfname, "data/");
-            strcpy (lfname + 5, w2);
-            fclose_ (fp);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find resource: %s\n", fname);
-    fclose_ (fp);
-
-    strcpy(lfname, fname);
-    char* ext = lfname + strlen(lfname) - 4;
-    if (!strcmp(ext, ".gat"))
-        strcpy(ext, ".wlk");
-    return;
-}
-
-/// Size of resource
-size_t grfio_size (const char *fname)
-{
-    FILELIST *entry = filelist_find (fname);
-    if (entry)
-        return entry->declen;
-
-    char lfname[256];
-    FILELIST lentry;
-    struct stat st;
-
-    grfio_resnametable (fname, lfname);
-
-    for (char *p = lfname; *p; p++)
-        if (*p == '\\')
-            *p = '/';
-
-    if (stat (lfname, &st) == 0)
-    {
-        strncpy (lentry.fn, fname, sizeof (lentry.fn) - 1);
-        lentry.declen = st.st_size;
-        entry = filelist_modify (&lentry);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        printf ("%s not found\n", fname);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return entry->declen;
-}
-
-void *grfio_reads (const char *fname, size_t *size)
-{
-    char lfname[256];
-    grfio_resnametable (fname, lfname);
-
-    for (char *p = &lfname[0]; *p != 0; p++)
-        if (*p == '\\')
-            *p = '/';       // * At the time of Unix
-
-    FILE *in = fopen_ (lfname, "rb");
-    if (!in)
-    {
-        fprintf (stderr, "%s not found\n", fname);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    FILELIST lentry;
-    FILELIST *entry = filelist_find (fname);
-    if (entry)
-    {
-        lentry.declen = entry->declen;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        fseek (in, 0, SEEK_END);
-        lentry.declen = ftell (in);
-        fseek (in, 0, SEEK_SET);
-        strncpy (lentry.fn, fname, sizeof (lentry.fn) - 1);
-        entry = filelist_modify (&lentry);
-    }
-    uint8_t *buf2;
-    CREATE (buf2, uint8_t, lentry.declen + 1024);
-    if (fread (buf2, 1, lentry.declen, in) != lentry.declen)
-        exit(1);
-    fclose_ (in);
-    in = NULL;
-
-    if (size)
-        *size = entry->declen;
-    return buf2;
-}
diff --git a/src/common/grfio.hpp b/src/common/grfio.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3485904..0000000
--- a/src/common/grfio.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-/// Accessor to the .gat map virtual files
-// Note .gat files are mapped to .wlk files by data/resnametable.txt
-// Note that there currently is a 1-1 correlation between them,
-// but it is possible for a single .wlk to have multiple .gats reference it
-#ifndef GRFIO_HPP
-#define GRFIO_HPP
-
-/// Load file into memory
-# define grfio_read(resourcename) grfio_reads (resourcename, NULL)
-/// Load file into memory and possibly record length
-// For some reason, this allocates an extra 1024 bytes at the end
-void *grfio_reads (const char *resourcename, size_t *size);
-/// Get size of file
-// This is only called once, and that is to check the existence of a file.
-size_t grfio_size (const char *resourcename) __attribute__((deprecated));
-
-#endif // GRFIO_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/lock.cpp b/src/common/lock.cpp
index 2ba9a0a..82856e1 100644
--- a/src/common/lock.cpp
+++ b/src/common/lock.cpp
@@ -1,36 +1,56 @@
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include "lock.hpp"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "socket.hpp"
 
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+/// number of backups to keep
+static
+const int backup_count = 10;
+
 /// Protected file writing
 /// (Until the file is closed, it keeps the old file)
 
 // Start writing a tmpfile
-FILE *lock_fopen (const char *filename, int *info)
+FILE *lock_fopen(const char *filename, int *info)
 {
-    char newfile[512];
     FILE *fp;
-    int  no = getpid ();
+    int no = getpid();
 
     // Get a filename that doesn't already exist
+    std::string newfile;
     do
     {
-        sprintf (newfile, "%s_%d.tmp", filename, no++);
+        newfile = STRPRINTF("%s_%d.tmp", filename, no++);
+        fp = fopen_(newfile.c_str(), "wx");
     }
-    while ((fp = fopen_ (newfile, "r")) && (fclose_ (fp), 1));
+    while (!fp);
     *info = --no;
-    return fopen_ (newfile, "w");
+    return fp;
 }
 
 // Delete the old file and rename the new file
-void lock_fclose (FILE * fp, const char *filename, int *info)
+void lock_fclose(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int *info)
 {
-    char newfile[512];
     if (fp)
     {
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        sprintf (newfile, "%s_%d.tmp", filename, *info);
-        rename (newfile, filename);
+        fclose_(fp);
+        int n = backup_count;
+        std::string old_filename = STRPRINTF("%s.%d", filename, n);
+        while (--n)
+        {
+            std::string newer_filename = STRPRINTF("%s.%d", filename, n);
+            rename(newer_filename.c_str(), old_filename.c_str());
+            old_filename = std::move(newer_filename);
+        }
+        rename(filename, old_filename.c_str());
+
+        std::string tmpfile = STRPRINTF("%s_%d.tmp", filename, *info);
+        rename(tmpfile.c_str(), filename);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/lock.hpp b/src/common/lock.hpp
index 19c1302..f7ce2d8 100644
--- a/src/common/lock.hpp
+++ b/src/common/lock.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 #ifndef LOCK_HPP
 #define LOCK_HPP
+
+#include "sanity.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+// TODO replace with a class
+
 /// Locked FILE I/O
 // Changes are made in a separate file until lock_fclose
-FILE *lock_fopen (const char *filename, int *info);
-void lock_fclose (FILE * fp, const char *filename, int *info);
+FILE *lock_fopen(const char *filename, int *info);
+void lock_fclose(FILE * fp, const char *filename, int *info);
 
 #endif // LOCK_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/md5calc.cpp b/src/common/md5calc.cpp
index b0f8e5f..1625912 100644
--- a/src/common/md5calc.cpp
+++ b/src/common/md5calc.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #include "md5calc.hpp"
-#include <string.h>
-#include "mt_rand.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "random.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 // auxilary data
 /*
@@ -9,7 +13,8 @@ sin() constant table
 echo 'scale=40; obase=16; for (i=1;i<=64;i++) print 2^32 * sin(i), "\n"' |
 bc | sed 's/^-//;s/^/0x/;s/\..*$/,/'
 */
-static const uint32_t T[64] =
+static
+const uint32_t T[64] =
 {
     // used by round 1
     0xd76aa478, 0xe8c7b756, 0x242070db, 0xc1bdceee, //0
@@ -35,29 +40,35 @@ static const uint32_t T[64] =
 
 // auxilary functions
 // note - the RFC defines these by non-CS conventions: or=v, and=(empty)
-static inline uint32_t rotate_left(uint32_t val, unsigned shift)
+static
+uint32_t rotate_left(uint32_t val, unsigned shift)
 {
     return val << shift | val >> (32-shift);
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t F(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
+static
+uint32_t F(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
 {
     return (X & Y) | (~X & Z);
 }
-static inline uint32_t G(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
+static
+uint32_t G(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
 {
     return (X & Z) | (Y & ~Z);
 }
-static inline uint32_t H(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
+static
+uint32_t H(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
 {
     return X ^ Y ^ Z;
 }
-static inline uint32_t I(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
+static
+uint32_t I(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y, uint32_t Z)
 {
     return Y ^ (X | ~Z);
 }
 
-static const struct
+static
+const struct
 {
     uint8_t k : 4;
     uint8_t : 0;
@@ -165,7 +176,8 @@ void MD5_to_bin(MD5_state state, uint8_t out[0x10])
         out[i] = state.val[i/4] >> 8*(i%4);
 }
 
-static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+static
+const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
 
 void MD5_to_str(MD5_state state, char out[0x21])
 {
@@ -193,7 +205,7 @@ MD5_state MD5_from_string(const char* msg, const size_t msglen)
     }
     // now pad 1-512 bits + the 64-bit length - may be two blocks
     uint8_t buf[0x40] = {};
-    memcpy (buf, msg, rem);
+    memcpy(buf, msg, rem);
     buf[rem] = 0x80; // a single one bit
     if (64 - rem > 8)
     {
@@ -293,8 +305,9 @@ const char *MD5_saltcrypt(const char *key, const char *salt)
 
 const char *make_salt(void) {
     static char salt[6];
-    for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
-        salt[i] = MPRAND(48, 78);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        // 126 would probably actually be okay
+        salt[i] = random_::in(48, 125);
     return salt;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/common/md5calc.hpp b/src/common/md5calc.hpp
index 2dfaecb..de19e0f 100644
--- a/src/common/md5calc.hpp
+++ b/src/common/md5calc.hpp
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 
-#include <stdint.h> // uint32_t, uint8_t
-#include <stddef.h> // size_t
-#include <stdio.h> // FILE*
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 /// The digest state - becomes the output
 typedef struct
@@ -35,18 +35,6 @@ MD5_state MD5_from_cstring(const char* msg);
 MD5_state MD5_from_FILE(FILE* in);
 
 
-/// Output in ASCII - with lowercase hex digits, null-terminated
-// these may overlap safely
-static void MD5_String (const char *string, char output[33]) __attribute__((deprecated));
-static inline void MD5_String (const char *string, char output[33]) {
-    MD5_to_str(MD5_from_cstring(string), output);
-}
-/// Output in binary
-static void MD5_String2binary (const char *string, uint8_t output[16]) __attribute__((deprecated));
-static inline void MD5_String2binary (const char *string, uint8_t output[16]) {
-    MD5_to_bin(MD5_from_cstring(string), output);
-}
-
 // statically-allocated output
 // whoever wrote this fails basic understanding of
 const char *MD5_saltcrypt(const char *key, const char *salt);
@@ -61,4 +49,4 @@ bool pass_ok(const char *password, const char *crypted);
 /// This returns an in_addr because it is configurable whether it gets called at all
 struct in_addr MD5_ip(char *secret, struct in_addr ip);
 
-#endif
+#endif // MD5CALC_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/mmo.hpp b/src/common/mmo.hpp
index 151fa03..32d4285 100644
--- a/src/common/mmo.hpp
+++ b/src/common/mmo.hpp
@@ -2,39 +2,31 @@
 #ifndef MMO_HPP
 #define MMO_HPP
 
-# include <time.h>
-# include "utils.hpp"              // LCCWIN32
-
-# define FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK    256*1024
-
-// set to 0 to not check IP of player between each server.
-// set to another value if you want to check (1)
-# define CMP_AUTHFIFO_IP 1
-
-# define CMP_AUTHFIFO_LOGIN2 1
-
-# define MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER 512
-# define MAX_INVENTORY 100
-# define MAX_AMOUNT 30000
-# define MAX_ZENY 1000000000     // 1G zeny
-# define MAX_CART 100
-# define MAX_SKILL 450
-# define GLOBAL_REG_NUM 96
-# define ACCOUNT_REG_NUM 16
-# define ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM 16
-# define DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED 150
-# define MIN_WALK_SPEED 0
-# define MAX_WALK_SPEED 1000
-# define MAX_STORAGE 300
-# define MAX_GUILD_STORAGE 1000
-# define MAX_PARTY 12
-# define MAX_GUILD 120            // increased max guild members to accomodate for +2 increase for extension levels [Valaris] (removed) [PoW]
-# define MAX_GUILDPOSITION 20    // increased max guild positions to accomodate for all members [Valaris] (removed) [PoW]
-# define MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION 32
-# define MAX_GUILDALLIANCE 16
-# define MAX_GUILDSKILL	8
-# define MAX_GUILDCASTLE 24      // increased to include novice castles [Valaris]
-# define MAX_GUILDLEVEL 50
+# include "sanity.hpp"
+# include "timer.t.hpp"
+# include "utils.hpp"
+
+constexpr int FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK = 256 * 1024;
+
+constexpr int MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER = 512;
+constexpr int MAX_INVENTORY = 100;
+constexpr int MAX_AMOUNT = 30000;
+constexpr int MAX_ZENY = 1000000000;     // 1G zeny
+constexpr int MAX_CART = 100;
+
+enum class SkillID : uint16_t;
+constexpr SkillID MAX_SKILL = SkillID(474); // not 450
+constexpr SkillID get_enum_min_value(SkillID) { return SkillID(); }
+constexpr SkillID get_enum_max_value(SkillID) { return MAX_SKILL; }
+
+constexpr int GLOBAL_REG_NUM = 96;
+constexpr int ACCOUNT_REG_NUM = 16;
+constexpr int ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM = 16;
+constexpr interval_t DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED = std::chrono::milliseconds(150);
+constexpr interval_t MIN_WALK_SPEED = interval_t::zero();
+constexpr interval_t MAX_WALK_SPEED = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+constexpr int MAX_STORAGE = 300;
+constexpr int MAX_PARTY = 12;
 
 # define MIN_HAIR_STYLE battle_config.min_hair_style
 # define MAX_HAIR_STYLE battle_config.max_hair_style
@@ -43,29 +35,43 @@
 # define MIN_CLOTH_COLOR battle_config.min_cloth_color
 # define MAX_CLOTH_COLOR battle_config.max_cloth_color
 
-// for produce
-# define MIN_ATTRIBUTE 0
-# define MAX_ATTRIBUTE 4
-# define ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL 0
-# define MIN_STAR 0
-# define MAX_STAR 3
+# define CHAR_CONF_NAME  "conf/char_athena.conf"
 
-# define MIN_PORTAL_MEMO 0
-# define MAX_PORTAL_MEMO 2
+namespace e
+{
+enum class EPOS : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO    = 0x0000,
 
-# define MAX_STATUS_TYPE 5
+    LEGS    = 0x0001,
+    WEAPON  = 0x0002,
+    GLOVES  = 0x0004,
+    CAPE    = 0x0008,
+    MISC1   = 0x0010,
+    SHIELD  = 0x0020,
+    SHOES   = 0x0040,
+    MISC2   = 0x0080,
+    HAT     = 0x0100,
+    TORSO   = 0x0200,
 
-# define CHAR_CONF_NAME  "conf/char_athena.conf"
+    ARROW   = 0x8000,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(EPOS)
+
+constexpr EPOS get_enum_min_value(EPOS) { return EPOS(0x0000); }
+constexpr EPOS get_enum_max_value(EPOS) { return EPOS(0xffff); }
+}
+using e::EPOS;
 
 struct item
 {
-    int  id;
+    int id;
     short nameid;
     short amount;
-    unsigned short equip;
-    char identify;
-    char refine;
-    char attribute;
+    EPOS equip;
+    uint8_t identify;
+    uint8_t refine;
+    uint8_t attribute;
     short card[4];
     short broken;
 };
@@ -76,38 +82,100 @@ struct point
     short x, y;
 };
 
-struct skill
+namespace e
+{
+enum class SkillFlags : uint16_t;
+}
+using e::SkillFlags;
+
+struct skill_value
 {
-    unsigned short id, lv, flags;
+    unsigned short lv;
+    SkillFlags flags;
 };
 
 struct global_reg
 {
     char str[32];
-    int  value;
+    int value;
+};
+
+// Option and Opt1..3 in map.hpp
+namespace e
+{
+enum class Option : uint16_t;
+constexpr Option get_enum_min_value(Option) { return Option(0x0000); }
+constexpr Option get_enum_max_value(Option) { return Option(0xffff); }
+}
+using e::Option;
+
+enum class ATTR
+{
+    STR = 0,
+    AGI = 1,
+    VIT = 2,
+    INT = 3,
+    DEX = 4,
+    LUK = 5,
+
+    COUNT = 6,
+};
+
+constexpr ATTR ATTRs[6] =
+{
+    ATTR::STR,
+    ATTR::AGI,
+    ATTR::VIT,
+    ATTR::INT,
+    ATTR::DEX,
+    ATTR::LUK,
+};
+
+enum class ItemLook : uint16_t
+{
+    NONE = 0,
+    BLADE = 1, // or some other common weapons
+    _2,
+    SETZER_AND_SCYTHE = 3,
+    _6,
+    STAFF = 10,
+    BOW = 11,
+    _13 = 13,
+    _14 = 14,
+    _16 = 16,
+    SINGLE_HANDED_COUNT = 17,
+
+    DUAL_BLADE = 0x11,
+    DUAL_2 = 0x12,
+    DUAL_6 = 0x13,
+    DUAL_12 = 0x14,
+    DUAL_16 = 0x15,
+    DUAL_26 = 0x16,
 };
 
 struct mmo_charstatus
 {
-    int  char_id;
-    int  account_id;
-    int  partner_id;
+    int char_id;
+    int account_id;
+    int partner_id;
 
-    int  base_exp, job_exp, zeny;
+    int base_exp, job_exp, zeny;
 
-    short pc_class;
+    short species;
     short status_point, skill_point;
-    int  hp, max_hp, sp, max_sp;
-    short option, karma, manner;
+    int hp, max_hp, sp, max_sp;
+    Option option;
+    short karma, manner;
     short hair, hair_color, clothes_color;
-    int  party_id, guild_id;
+    int party_id;
 
-    short weapon, shield;
+    ItemLook weapon;
+    short shield;
     short head_top, head_mid, head_bottom;
 
     char name[24];
     unsigned char base_level, job_level;
-    short str, agi, vit, int_, dex, luk;
+    earray<short, ATTR, ATTR::COUNT> attrs;
     unsigned char char_num, sex;
 
     unsigned long mapip;
@@ -115,169 +183,53 @@ struct mmo_charstatus
 
     struct point last_point, save_point, memo_point[10];
     struct item inventory[MAX_INVENTORY], cart[MAX_CART];
-    struct skill skill[MAX_SKILL];
-    int  global_reg_num;
+    earray<skill_value, SkillID, MAX_SKILL> skill;
+    int global_reg_num;
     struct global_reg global_reg[GLOBAL_REG_NUM];
-    int  account_reg_num;
+    int account_reg_num;
     struct global_reg account_reg[ACCOUNT_REG_NUM];
-    int  account_reg2_num;
+    int account_reg2_num;
     struct global_reg account_reg2[ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM];
 };
 
 struct storage
 {
-    int  dirty;
-    int  account_id;
+    int dirty;
+    int account_id;
     short storage_status;
     short storage_amount;
     struct item storage_[MAX_STORAGE];
 };
 
-struct guild_storage
-{
-    int  dirty;
-    int  guild_id;
-    short storage_status;
-    short storage_amount;
-    struct item storage_[MAX_GUILD_STORAGE];
-};
-
 struct map_session_data;
 
 struct gm_account
 {
-    int  account_id;
-    int  level;
+    int account_id;
+    int level;
 };
 
 struct party_member
 {
-    int  account_id;
+    int account_id;
     char name[24], map[24];
-    int  leader, online, lv;
+    int leader, online, lv;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 };
 
 struct party
 {
-    int  party_id;
+    int party_id;
     char name[24];
-    int  exp;
-    int  item;
+    int exp;
+    int item;
     struct party_member member[MAX_PARTY];
 };
 
-struct guild_member
-{
-    int  account_id, char_id;
-    short hair, hair_color, gender, pc_class, lv;
-    int  exp, exp_payper;
-    short online, position;
-    int  rsv1, rsv2;
-    char name[24];
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-};
-
-struct guild_position
-{
-    char name[24];
-    int  mode;
-    int  exp_mode;
-};
-
-struct GuildAlliance
-{
-    int  opposition;
-    int  guild_id;
-    char name[24];
-};
-
-struct GuildExpulsion
-{
-    char name[24];
-    char mes[40];
-    char acc[40];
-    int  account_id;
-    int  rsv1, rsv2, rsv3;
-};
-
-struct guild_skill
-{
-    int  id, lv;
-};
-
-struct guild
-{
-    int  guild_id;
-    short guild_lv, connect_member, max_member, average_lv;
-    int  exp, next_exp, skill_point, castle_id;
-    char name[24], master[24];
-    struct guild_member member[MAX_GUILD];
-    struct guild_position position[MAX_GUILDPOSITION];
-    char mes1[60], mes2[120];
-    int  emblem_len, emblem_id;
-    char emblem_data[2048];
-    GuildAlliance alliance[MAX_GUILDALLIANCE];
-    GuildExpulsion explusion[MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION];
-    struct guild_skill skill[MAX_GUILDSKILL];
-};
-
-struct guild_castle
-{
-    int  castle_id;
-    char map_name[24];
-    char castle_name[24];
-    char castle_event[24];
-    int  guild_id;
-    int  economy;
-    int  defense;
-    int  triggerE;
-    int  triggerD;
-    int  nextTime;
-    int  payTime;
-    int  createTime;
-    int  visibleC;
-    int  visibleG0;
-    int  visibleG1;
-    int  visibleG2;
-    int  visibleG3;
-    int  visibleG4;
-    int  visibleG5;
-    int  visibleG6;
-    int  visibleG7;
-    int  Ghp0;                  // added Guardian HP [Valaris]
-    int  Ghp1;
-    int  Ghp2;
-    int  Ghp3;
-    int  Ghp4;
-    int  Ghp5;
-    int  Ghp6;
-    int  Ghp7;
-    int  GID0;
-    int  GID1;
-    int  GID2;
-    int  GID3;
-    int  GID4;
-    int  GID5;
-    int  GID6;
-    int  GID7;                  // end addition [Valaris]
-};
 struct square
 {
-    int  val1[5];
-    int  val2[5];
-};
-
-enum
-{
-    GBI_EXP = 1,                // ギルド�EXP
-    GBI_GUILDLV = 2,            // ギルド�Lv
-    GBI_SKILLPOINT = 3,         // ギルド�スキル�イント
-    GBI_SKILLLV = 4,            // ギルドスキルLv
-
-    GMI_POSITION = 0,           // メン�ー�役�変更
-    GMI_EXP = 1,                // メン�ー�EXP
-
+    int val1[5];
+    int val2[5];
 };
 
 #endif // MMO_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/mt_rand.cpp b/src/common/mt_rand.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 676eca1..0000000
--- a/src/common/mt_rand.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-/*
-// This is the ``Mersenne Twister'' random number generator MT19937, which
-// generates pseudorandom integers uniformly distributed in 0..(2^32 - 1)
-// starting from any odd seed in 0..(2^32 - 1).  This version is a recode
-// by Shawn Cokus (Cokus@math.washington.edu) on March 8, 1998 of a version by
-// Takuji Nishimura (who had suggestions from Topher Cooper and Marc Rieffel in
-// July-August 1997).
-//
-// Effectiveness of the recoding (on Goedel2.math.washington.edu, a DEC Alpha
-// running OSF/1) using GCC -O3 as a compiler: before recoding: 51.6 sec. to
-// generate 300 million random numbers; after recoding: 24.0 sec. for the same
-// (i.e., 46.5% of original time), so speed is now about 12.5 million random
-// number generations per second on this machine.
-//
-// According to the URL <http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/~matumoto/emt.html>
-// (and paraphrasing a bit in places), the Mersenne Twister is ``designed
-// with consideration of the flaws of various existing generators,'' has
-// a period of 2^19937 - 1, gives a sequence that is 623-dimensionally
-// equidistributed, and ``has passed many stringent tests, including the
-// die-hard test of G. Marsaglia and the load test of P. Hellekalek and
-// S. Wegenkittl.''  It is efficient in memory usage (typically using 2506
-// to 5012 bytes of static data, depending on data type sizes, and the code
-// is quite short as well).  It generates random numbers in batches of 624
-// at a time, so the caching and pipelining of modern systems is exploited.
-// It is also divide- and mod-free.
-//
-// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-// under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as published by
-// the Free Software Foundation (either version 2 of the License or, at your
-// option, any later version).  This library is distributed in the hope that
-// it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, without even the implied
-// warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See
-// the GNU Library General Public License for more details.  You should have
-// received a copy of the GNU Library General Public License along with this
-// library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
-// Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-//
-// The code as Shawn received it included the following notice:
-//
-//   Copyright (C) 1997 Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura.  When
-//   you use this, send an e-mail to <matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp> with
-//   an appropriate reference to your work.
-//
-// It would be nice to CC: <Cokus@math.washington.edu> when you write.
-//
-*/
-
-#include <time.h>
-#include "mt_rand.hpp"
-
-#define N              624                  // length of state vector
-#define M              397                  // a period parameter
-#define K              0x9908B0DFU          // a magic constant
-
-#define hiBit(u)       ((u) & 0x80000000U)  // mask all but highest bit of u
-#define loBit(u)       ((u) & 0x00000001U)  // mask all but lowest bit of u
-#define loBits(u)      ((u) & 0x7FFFFFFFU)  // mask the highest bit of u
-#define mixBits(u, v)  (hiBit(u)|loBits(v)) // move hi bit of u to hi bit of v
-
-static uint32_t state[N+1]; // state vector the +1 is needed due to the coding
-static uint32_t *next;      // next random value is computed from here
-static int left = -1;       // can *next++ this many times before reloading
-
-void mt_seed (uint32_t seed)
-{
-    uint32_t x = seed | 1U;
-    uint32_t *s = state;
-    left = 0;
-
-    for (int j = N; *s++ = x, --j; x *= 69069U);
-}
-
-static
-void mt_reload (void)
-{
-    // if mt_seed has never been called
-    if (left < -1)
-        mt_seed (time (NULL));
-
-    // conceptually, these are indices into the state that wrap
-    uint32_t *p0 = state;
-    uint32_t *p2 = state + 2;
-    uint32_t *pM = state + M;
-
-    uint32_t s0 = state[0];
-    uint32_t s1 = state[1];
-
-    // regenerate the lower N-M elements of the state
-    for (int j = N-M+1; --j != 0; s0 = s1, s1 = *p2++)
-        *p0++ = *pM++ ^ (mixBits (s0, s1) >> 1) ^ (loBit (s1) ? K : 0U);
-
-    pM = state;
-    // regenerate the next M-1 elements of the state
-    // note that s1 is set to state[N] at the end, but discarded
-    for (int j = M; --j != 0; s0 = s1, s1 = *p2++)
-        *p0++ = *pM++ ^ (mixBits (s0, s1) >> 1) ^ (loBit (s1) ? K : 0U);
-
-    // regenerate the last 1 element of the state
-    s1 = state[0];
-    *p0 = *pM ^ (mixBits (s0, s1) >> 1) ^ (loBit (s1) ? K : 0U);
-
-    // ready for the normal mt_random algorithm
-    left = N;
-    next = state;
-}
-
-uint32_t mt_random (void)
-{
-    if (--left < 0)
-        mt_reload ();
-
-    uint32_t y = *next++;
-    y ^= (y >> 11);
-    y ^= (y << 7) & 0x9D2C5680U;
-    y ^= (y << 15) & 0xEFC60000U;
-    return y ^ (y >> 18);
-}
diff --git a/src/common/mt_rand.hpp b/src/common/mt_rand.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c7bae4e..0000000
--- a/src/common/mt_rand.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MT_RAND_HPP
-#define MT_RAND_HPP
-
-# include "sanity.hpp"
-
-/// Initialize the generator (called automatically with time() if you don't)
-void mt_seed (uint32_t seed);
-/// Get a random number
-uint32_t mt_random (void);
-
-/**
- * ModuloRand and ModuloPlusRand
- * These macros are used to replace the vast number of calls to rand()%mod
- * TODO eliminate the rest of the calls to rand()
- * MRAND(10)    returns 0..9
- * MPRAND(5,10) returns 5..14
- */
-// The cast is essential because the result is sometimes
-// compared with a possibly negative number.
-// Because it's using modulus, high numbers shouldn't happen anyway.
-# define MRAND(mod) ((int)(mt_random() % (mod)))
-# define MPRAND(add, mod) ((add) + MRAND(mod))
-
-#endif // MT_RAND_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/nullpo.cpp b/src/common/nullpo.cpp
index 67c839f..423ed8c 100644
--- a/src/common/nullpo.cpp
+++ b/src/common/nullpo.cpp
@@ -1,71 +1,28 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include "nullpo.hpp"
 
-static void nullpo_info_core (const char *file, int line, const char *func);
-__attribute__((format(printf, 4, 0)))
-static void nullpo_info_core (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                              const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+#include <cstdio>
 
-/// Null check and print format
-bool nullpo_chk_f (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                   const void *target, const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-
-    if (target)
-        return 0;
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-    nullpo_info_core (file, line, func, fmt, ap);
-    va_end (ap);
-    return 1;
-}
-bool nullpo_chk (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                 const void *target)
-{
-    if (target)
-        return 0;
-
-    nullpo_info_core (file, line, func);
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/// External functions
-void nullpo_info_f (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                    const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-    nullpo_info_core (file, line, func, fmt, ap);
-    va_end (ap);
-}
-void nullpo_info (const char *file, int line, const char *func)
-{
-    nullpo_info_core (file, line, func);
-}
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 /// Actual output function
-static void nullpo_info_core (const char *file, int line, const char *func)
+static
+void nullpo_info(const char *file, int line, const char *func)
 {
     if (!file)
         file = "??";
     if (!func || !*func)
         func = "unknown";
 
-    fprintf (stderr, "%s:%d: in func `%s': NULL pointer\n", file, line, func);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: in func `%s': NULL pointer\n",
+            file, line, func);
 }
 
-static void nullpo_info_core (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                              const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+bool nullpo_chk(const char *file, int line, const char *func,
+                 const void *target)
 {
-    nullpo_info_core(file, line, func);
-    if (fmt && *fmt)
-    {
-        vfprintf (stderr, fmt, ap);
-        if (fmt[strlen (fmt) - 1] != '\n')
-            fputc('\n', stderr);
-    }
+    if (target)
+        return 0;
+
+    nullpo_info(file, line, func);
+    return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/common/nullpo.hpp b/src/common/nullpo.hpp
index 7aff691..305448f 100644
--- a/src/common/nullpo.hpp
+++ b/src/common/nullpo.hpp
@@ -1,61 +1,30 @@
 /// return wrappers for unexpected NULL pointers
 #ifndef NULLPO_HPP
 #define NULLPO_HPP
-/// Comment this out to live dangerously
-# define NULLPO_CHECK
+/// Uncomment this to live dangerously
+/// (really exist to detect mostly-unused variables)
+//# define BUG_FREE
 
 /// All functions print to standard error (was: standard output)
 /// nullpo_ret(cond) - return 0 if given pointer is NULL
 /// nullpo_retv(cond) - just return (function returns void)
 /// nullpo_retr(rv, cond) - return given value instead
-/// the _f variants take a printf-format string and arguments
 
-# ifdef NULLPO_CHECK
-# define NLP_MARK __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__
-#  define nullpo_ret(t) \
-    if (nullpo_chk(NLP_MARK, t)) \
-        return 0;
-#  define nullpo_retv(t) \
-    if (nullpo_chk(NLP_MARK, t)) \
-        return;
+# ifndef BUG_FREE
 #  define nullpo_retr(ret, t) \
-    if (nullpo_chk(NLP_MARK, t)) \
+    if (nullpo_chk(__FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, t)) \
         return ret;
-#  define nullpo_ret_f(t, fmt, ...) \
-    if (nullpo_chk_f(NLP_MARK, t, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)) \
-        return 0;
-#  define nullpo_retv_f(t, fmt, ...) \
-    if (nullpo_chk_f(NLP_MARK, t, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)) \
-        return;
-#  define nullpo_retr_f(ret, t, fmt, ...) \
-    if (nullpo_chk_f(NLP_MARK, t, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)) \
-        return ret;
-# else // NULLPO_CHECK
-#  define nullpo_ret(t) t;
-#  define nullpo_retv(t) t;
-#  define nullpo_retr(ret, t) t;
-#  define nullpo_ret_f(t, fmt, ...) t;
-#  define nullpo_retv_f(t, fmt, ...) t;
-#  define nullpo_retr_f(ret, t, fmt, ...) t;
-# endif // NULLPO_CHECK
+# else // BUG_FREE
+#  define nullpo_retr(ret, t) /*t*/
+# endif // BUG_FREE
 
-# include "sanity.hpp"
+# define nullpo_ret(t) nullpo_retr(0, t)
+# define nullpo_retv(t) nullpo_retr(, t)
 
-/// Used by macros in this header
-bool nullpo_chk (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                 const void *target);
+# include "sanity.hpp"
 
 /// Used by macros in this header
-bool nullpo_chk_f (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                   const void *target, const char *fmt, ...)
-    __attribute__ ((format (printf, 5, 6)));
-
-/// Used only by map/battle.c
-void nullpo_info (const char *file, int line, const char *func);
-
-/// Not used
-void nullpo_info_f (const char *file, int line, const char *func,
-                    const char *fmt, ...)
-    __attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5)));
+bool nullpo_chk(const char *file, int line, const char *func,
+        const void *target);
 
 #endif // NULLPO_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/operators.hpp b/src/common/operators.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d44b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/operators.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef OPERATORS_HPP
+#define OPERATORS_HPP
+
+namespace _operators
+{
+    class Comparable {};
+
+    template<class T>
+    bool operator == (T l, T r)
+    {
+        return l.value == r.value;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    bool operator != (T l, T r)
+    {
+        return l.value != r.value;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    bool operator < (T l, T r)
+    {
+        return l.value < r.value;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    bool operator <= (T l, T r)
+    {
+        return l.value <= r.value;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    bool operator > (T l, T r)
+    {
+        return l.value > r.value;
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    bool operator >= (T l, T r)
+    {
+        return l.value >= r.value;
+    }
+}
+
+using _operators::Comparable;
+
+#endif // OPERATORS_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/random.cpp b/src/common/random.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..273dcec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/random.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "random2.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+namespace random_
+{
+    std::mt19937 generate{std::random_device()()};
+} // namespace random_
diff --git a/src/common/random.hpp b/src/common/random.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44057ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/random.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#ifndef RANDOM_HPP
+#define RANDOM_HPP
+
+# include "random.t.hpp"
+
+# include "sanity.hpp"
+
+# include <random>
+
+// This is not namespace random since that collides with a C function,
+// but this can be revisited when everything goes into namespace tmwa.
+namespace random_
+{
+    /// Get a random number from 0 .. 2**32 - 1
+    extern std::mt19937 generate;
+
+    /// Get a random number from 0 .. bound - 1
+    inline
+    int to(int bound)
+    {
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(0, bound - 1);
+        return dist(generate);
+    }
+
+    /// Get a random number from low .. high (inclusive!)
+    inline
+    int in(int low, int high)
+    {
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(low, high);
+        return dist(generate);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    bool coin()
+    {
+        // sigh, can't specify <bool> directly ...
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(false, true);
+        return dist(generate);
+    }
+
+    inline
+    bool chance(Fraction f)
+    {
+        if (f.num <= 0)
+            return false;
+        if (f.num >= f.den)
+            return true;
+        return random_::to(f.den) < f.num;
+    }
+
+    // C is usually one of:
+    //  std::vector<T>
+    //  std::initializer_list<T>
+    //  std::array<T, n>
+    template<class C>
+    auto choice(C&& c) -> decltype(*c.begin())
+    {
+        return *(c.begin() + random_::to(c.size()));
+    }
+
+    // allow bare braces
+    template<class T>
+    T choice(std::initializer_list<T>&& il)
+    {
+        return random_::choice(il);
+    }
+} // namespace random_
+
+#endif // RANDOM_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/random.t.hpp b/src/common/random.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98a6c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/random.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef RANDOM_T_HPP
+#define RANDOM_T_HPP
+
+namespace random_
+{
+    struct Fraction
+    {
+        int num, den;
+    };
+
+    template<class T, T den>
+    struct Fixed
+    {
+        T num;
+
+        operator Fraction()
+        {
+            return {num, den};
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace random_
+
+#endif // RANDOM_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/random2.hpp b/src/common/random2.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86deddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/random2.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#ifndef RANDOM2_HPP
+#define RANDOM2_HPP
+
+# include "random.hpp"
+# include "utils2.hpp"
+
+# include <algorithm>
+
+namespace random_
+{
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        struct RandomIterator
+        {
+            int bound;
+            int current;
+            bool frist;
+
+            void operator ++()
+            {
+                frist = false;
+                // TODO: reimplement in terms of LFSRs, so that certain
+                // blockage patterns don't favor adjacent cells.
+                current = current + 1;
+                if (current == bound)
+                    current = 0;
+            }
+            int operator *()
+            {
+                return current;
+            }
+        };
+
+        inline
+        bool operator == (RandomIterator l, RandomIterator r)
+        {
+            return l.current == r.current && l.frist == r.frist;
+        }
+
+        inline
+        bool operator != (RandomIterator l, RandomIterator r)
+        {
+            return !(l == r);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Yield every cell from 0 .. bound - 1 in some order.
+    /// The starting position is random, but not the order itself.
+    ///
+    /// Expected usage:
+    ///     for (int i : random_::iterator(vec.size()))
+    ///         if (vec[i].okay())
+    ///             return frob(vec[i]);
+    inline
+    IteratorPair<detail::RandomIterator> iterator(int bound)
+    {
+        int current = random_::to(bound);
+        return
+        {
+            detail::RandomIterator{bound, current, true},
+            detail::RandomIterator{bound, current, false}
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// similar to std::random_shuffle(c.begin(), c.end()), but guaranteed
+    /// to use a good source of randomness.
+    template<class C>
+    void shuffle(C&& c)
+    {
+        std::random_shuffle(c.begin(), c.end(), random_::to);
+    }
+} // namespace random_
+
+#endif // RANDOM2_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/sanity.hpp b/src/common/sanity.hpp
index 7ffd077..e54739f 100644
--- a/src/common/sanity.hpp
+++ b/src/common/sanity.hpp
@@ -1,31 +1,54 @@
 /// return wrappers for unexpected NULL pointers
 #ifndef SANITY_HPP
 #define SANITY_HPP
+
 # ifndef __cplusplus
 #  error "Please compile in C++ mode"
-# endif
-# if __GNUC__ < 3
-// I don't specifically know what version this requires,
-// but GCC 3 was the beginning of modern GCC
-#  error "Please upgrade your compiler to at least GCC 3"
-# endif
-# ifndef __i386__
-// Known platform dependencies:
-// endianness for the [RW]FIFO.* macros
-// possibly, some signal-handling
-#  error "Unsupported platform"
-# endif
-# ifdef __x86_64__
-// I'm working on it - I know there are some pointer-size assumptions.
-#  error "Sorry, this code is believed not to be 64-bit safe"
-#  error "please compile with -m32"
-# endif
+# endif // __cplusplus
+
+# if __GNUC__ < 4
+#  error "Your compiler is absolutely ancient. You have no chance ..."
+# endif // __GNUC__ < 4
 
-/// A name for unused function arguments - can be repeated
-# define UNUSED /* empty works for C++ */
 /// Convert type assumptions to use the standard types here
 # include <cstdint>
 /// size_t, NULL
 # include <cstddef>
 
+# if __GNUC__ == 4
+// clang identifies as GCC 4.2, but is mostly okay.
+// Until a bug-free release of it happens, though, I won't recommend it.
+// (patched) clang 3.1 would be the requirement
+#  if __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6 && !defined(__clang__)
+#   error "Please upgrade to at least GCC 4.6"
+#  endif // __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6 && !defined(__clang__)
+// temporary workaround for library issues
+// since __GLIBCXX__ is hard to use
+#  if __GNUC_MINOR__ == 6
+#   define WORKAROUND_GCC46_COMPILER
+#  endif // __GNUC_MINOR__ == 6
+#  ifdef __GLIBCXX__
+// versions of libstdc++ from gcc
+// 4.6.0, 4.6.1, 4.6.2, 4.6.3
+#   if __GLIBCXX__ == 20110325  \
+    || __GLIBCXX__ == 20110627  \
+    || __GLIBCXX__ == 20111026  \
+    || __GLIBCXX__ == 20120301  \
+    || __GLIBCXX__ == 20121127  // prerelease in Debian wheezy
+#    define WORKAROUND_GCC46_LIBRARY
+#   endif // __GLIBCXX__ == ...
+#  endif // defined __GLIBCXX__
+#  if defined(WORKAROUND_GCC46_COMPILER) \
+    && !defined(WORKAROUND_GCC46_LIBRARY)
+#   error "Unknown gcc 4.6.x release"
+#  endif // compiler and not library
+# endif // __GNUC__ == 4
+
+# if not defined(__i386__) and not defined(__x86_64__)
+// Known platform dependencies:
+// endianness for the [RW]FIFO.* macros
+// possibly, some signal-handling
+#  error "Unsupported platform use x86 / amd64 only"
+# endif // not __i386__
+
 #endif // SANITY_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/socket.cpp b/src/common/socket.cpp
index fab3804..2acbeb8 100644
--- a/src/common/socket.cpp
+++ b/src/common/socket.cpp
@@ -1,51 +1,74 @@
-// $Id: socket.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:44:49 MagicalTux Exp $
-// original : core.c 2003/02/26 18:03:12 Rev 1.7
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <errno.h>
+#include "socket.hpp"
 
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+//#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "mmo.hpp"                // [Valaris] thanks to fov
-#include "socket.hpp"
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "cxxstdio.hpp"
+//#include "mmo.hpp"
 #include "utils.hpp"
 
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+static
 fd_set readfds;
-int  fd_max;
-int  currentuse;
+int fd_max;
+static
+int currentuse;
 
+static
 const uint32_t RFIFO_SIZE = 65536;
+static
 const uint32_t WFIFO_SIZE = 65536;
 
 struct socket_data *session[FD_SETSIZE];
 
+/// clean up by discarding handled bytes
+inline
+void RFIFOFLUSH(int fd)
+{
+    memmove(session[fd]->rdata, RFIFOP(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
+    session[fd]->rdata_size = RFIFOREST(fd);
+    session[fd]->rdata_pos = 0;
+}
+
+/// how much room there is to read more data
+inline
+size_t RFIFOSPACE(int fd)
+{
+    return session[fd]->max_rdata - session[fd]->rdata_size;
+}
+
+
 /// Discard all input
-static void null_parse (int fd);
+static
+void null_parse(int fd);
 /// Default parser for new connections
-static void (*default_func_parse) (int) = null_parse;
+static
+void(*default_func_parse)(int) = null_parse;
 
-void set_defaultparse (void (*defaultparse) (int))
+void set_defaultparse(void(*defaultparse)(int))
 {
     default_func_parse = defaultparse;
 }
 
 /// Read from socket to the queue
-static void recv_to_fifo (int fd)
+static
+void recv_to_fifo(int fd)
 {
     if (session[fd]->eof)
         return;
 
-    ssize_t len = read (fd, session[fd]->rdata + session[fd]->rdata_size,
-                        RFIFOSPACE (fd));
+    ssize_t len = read(fd, session[fd]->rdata + session[fd]->rdata_size,
+                        RFIFOSPACE(fd));
 
     if (len > 0)
     {
@@ -58,19 +81,20 @@ static void recv_to_fifo (int fd)
     }
 }
 
-static void send_from_fifo (int fd)
+static
+void send_from_fifo(int fd)
 {
     if (session[fd]->eof)
         return;
 
-    ssize_t len = write (fd, session[fd]->wdata, session[fd]->wdata_size);
+    ssize_t len = write(fd, session[fd]->wdata, session[fd]->wdata_size);
 
     if (len > 0)
     {
         session[fd]->wdata_size -= len;
         if (session[fd]->wdata_size)
         {
-            memmove (session[fd]->wdata, session[fd]->wdata + len,
+            memmove(session[fd]->wdata, session[fd]->wdata + len,
                      session[fd]->wdata_size);
         }
         session[fd]->connected = 1;
@@ -81,32 +105,34 @@ static void send_from_fifo (int fd)
     }
 }
 
-static void null_parse (int fd)
+static
+void null_parse(int fd)
 {
-    printf ("null_parse : %d\n", fd);
-    RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOREST (fd));
+    PRINTF("null_parse : %d\n", fd);
+    RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOREST(fd));
 }
 
 
-static void connect_client (int listen_fd)
+static
+void connect_client(int listen_fd)
 {
     struct sockaddr_in client_address;
-    socklen_t len = sizeof (client_address);
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(client_address);
 
-    int fd = accept (listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &client_address, &len);
+    int fd = accept(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &client_address, &len);
     if (fd == -1)
     {
-        perror ("accept");
+        perror("accept");
         return;
     }
     if (fd_max <= fd)
     {
         fd_max = fd + 1;
     }
-    if (!free_fds ())
+    if (!free_fds())
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "softlimit reached, disconnecting : %d\n", fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "softlimit reached, disconnecting : %d\n", fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -114,11 +140,11 @@ static void connect_client (int listen_fd)
     /// Allow to bind() again after the server restarts.
     // Since the socket is still in the TIME_WAIT, there's a possibility
     // that formerly lost packets might be delivered and confuse the server.
-    setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes);
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes);
     /// Send packets as soon as possible
     /// even if the kernel thinks there is too little for it to be worth it!
     /// Testing shows this is indeed a good idea.
-    setsockopt (fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &yes, sizeof yes);
+    setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &yes, sizeof yes);
 
     // Linux-ism: Set socket options to optimize for thin streams
     // See http://lwn.net/Articles/308919/ and
@@ -130,13 +156,13 @@ static void connect_client (int listen_fd)
     setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_THIN_DUPACK, &yes, sizeof yes);
 #endif
 
-    FD_SET (fd, &readfds);
+    FD_SET(fd, &readfds);
 
-    fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
 
-    CREATE (session[fd], struct socket_data, 1);
-    CREATE (session[fd]->rdata, uint8_t, RFIFO_SIZE);
-    CREATE (session[fd]->wdata, uint8_t, WFIFO_SIZE);
+    CREATE(session[fd], struct socket_data, 1);
+    CREATE(session[fd]->rdata, uint8_t, RFIFO_SIZE);
+    CREATE(session[fd]->wdata, uint8_t, WFIFO_SIZE);
 
     session[fd]->max_rdata = RFIFO_SIZE;
     session[fd]->max_wdata = WFIFO_SIZE;
@@ -144,72 +170,72 @@ static void connect_client (int listen_fd)
     session[fd]->func_send = send_from_fifo;
     session[fd]->func_parse = default_func_parse;
     session[fd]->client_addr = client_address;
-    session[fd]->created = time (NULL);
+    session[fd]->created = TimeT::now();
     session[fd]->connected = 0;
 
     currentuse++;
 }
 
-int make_listen_port (uint16_t port)
+int make_listen_port(uint16_t port)
 {
     struct sockaddr_in server_address;
-    int  fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if (fd == -1)
     {
-        perror ("socket");
+        perror("socket");
         return -1;
     }
     if (fd_max <= fd)
         fd_max = fd + 1;
 
-    fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
 
     const int yes = 1;
     /// Allow to bind() again after the server restarts.
     // Since the socket is still in the TIME_WAIT, there's a possibility
     // that formerly lost packets might be delivered and confuse the server.
-    setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes);
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes);
     /// Send packets as soon as possible
     /// even if the kernel thinks there is too little for it to be worth it!
     // I'm not convinced this is a good idea; although in minimizes the
     // latency for an individual write, it increases traffic in general.
-    setsockopt (fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &yes, sizeof yes);
+    setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &yes, sizeof yes);
 
     server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
-    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl (INADDR_ANY);
-    server_address.sin_port = htons (port);
+    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
+    server_address.sin_port = htons(port);
 
-    if (bind (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_address,
-              sizeof (server_address)) == -1)
+    if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_address,
+              sizeof(server_address)) == -1)
     {
-        perror ("bind");
-        exit (1);
+        perror("bind");
+        exit(1);
     }
-    if (listen (fd, 5) == -1)
+    if (listen(fd, 5) == -1)
     {                           /* error */
-        perror ("listen");
-        exit (1);
+        perror("listen");
+        exit(1);
     }
 
-    FD_SET (fd, &readfds);
+    FD_SET(fd, &readfds);
 
-    CREATE (session[fd], struct socket_data, 1);
+    CREATE(session[fd], struct socket_data, 1);
 
     session[fd]->func_recv = connect_client;
-    session[fd]->created = time (NULL);
+    session[fd]->created = TimeT::now();
     session[fd]->connected = 1;
 
     currentuse++;
     return fd;
 }
 
-int make_connection (uint32_t ip, uint16_t port)
+int make_connection(uint32_t ip, uint16_t port)
 {
     struct sockaddr_in server_address;
-    int  fd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
     if (fd == -1)
     {
-        perror ("socket");
+        perror("socket");
         return -1;
     }
     if (fd_max <= fd)
@@ -219,43 +245,43 @@ int make_connection (uint32_t ip, uint16_t port)
     /// Allow to bind() again after the server restarts.
     // Since the socket is still in the TIME_WAIT, there's a possibility
     // that formerly lost packets might be delivered and confuse the server.
-    setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes);
+    setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof yes);
     /// Send packets as soon as possible
     /// even if the kernel thinks there is too little for it to be worth it!
     // I'm not convinced this is a good idea; although in minimizes the
     // latency for an individual write, it increases traffic in general.
-    setsockopt (fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &yes, sizeof yes);
+    setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &yes, sizeof yes);
 
     server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
     server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = ip;
-    server_address.sin_port = htons (port);
+    server_address.sin_port = htons(port);
 
-    fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
 
     /// Errors not caught - we must not block
     /// Let the main select() loop detect when we know the state
-    connect (fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_address,
-             sizeof (struct sockaddr_in));
+    connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_address,
+             sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
 
-    FD_SET (fd, &readfds);
+    FD_SET(fd, &readfds);
 
-    CREATE (session[fd], struct socket_data, 1);
-    CREATE (session[fd]->rdata, uint8_t, RFIFO_SIZE);
-    CREATE (session[fd]->wdata, uint8_t, WFIFO_SIZE);
+    CREATE(session[fd], struct socket_data, 1);
+    CREATE(session[fd]->rdata, uint8_t, RFIFO_SIZE);
+    CREATE(session[fd]->wdata, uint8_t, WFIFO_SIZE);
 
     session[fd]->max_rdata = RFIFO_SIZE;
     session[fd]->max_wdata = WFIFO_SIZE;
     session[fd]->func_recv = recv_to_fifo;
     session[fd]->func_send = send_from_fifo;
     session[fd]->func_parse = default_func_parse;
-    session[fd]->created = time (NULL);
+    session[fd]->created = TimeT::now();
     session[fd]->connected = 1;
 
     currentuse++;
     return fd;
 }
 
-void delete_session (int fd)
+void delete_session(int fd)
 {
     if (fd < 0 || fd >= FD_SETSIZE)
         return;
@@ -264,151 +290,155 @@ void delete_session (int fd)
     // but this is cheap and good enough for the typical case
     if (fd == fd_max - 1)
         fd_max--;
-    FD_CLR (fd, &readfds);
+    FD_CLR(fd, &readfds);
     if (session[fd])
     {
-        free (session[fd]->rdata);
-        free (session[fd]->wdata);
-        free (session[fd]->session_data);
-        free (session[fd]);
+        free(session[fd]->rdata);
+        free(session[fd]->wdata);
+        free(session[fd]->session_data);
+        free(session[fd]);
     }
     session[fd] = NULL;
 
     // just close() would try to keep sending buffers
-    shutdown (fd, SHUT_RDWR);
-    close (fd);
+    shutdown(fd, SHUT_RDWR);
+    close(fd);
     currentuse--;
     if (currentuse < 0)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "delete_session: current sessions negative!\n");
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "delete_session: current sessions negative!\n");
         currentuse = 0;
     }
     return;
 }
 
-void realloc_fifo (int fd, size_t rfifo_size, size_t wfifo_size)
+void realloc_fifo(int fd, size_t rfifo_size, size_t wfifo_size)
 {
     struct socket_data *s = session[fd];
     if (s->max_rdata != rfifo_size && s->rdata_size < rfifo_size)
     {
-        RECREATE (s->rdata, uint8_t, rfifo_size);
+        RECREATE(s->rdata, uint8_t, rfifo_size);
         s->max_rdata = rfifo_size;
     }
     if (s->max_wdata != wfifo_size && s->wdata_size < wfifo_size)
     {
-        RECREATE (s->wdata, uint8_t, wfifo_size);
+        RECREATE(s->wdata, uint8_t, wfifo_size);
         s->max_wdata = wfifo_size;
     }
 }
 
-void WFIFOSET (int fd, size_t len)
+void WFIFOSET(int fd, size_t len)
 {
     struct socket_data *s = session[fd];
     if (s->wdata_size + len + 16384 > s->max_wdata)
     {
-        realloc_fifo (fd, s->max_rdata, s->max_wdata << 1);
-        printf ("socket: %d wdata expanded to %d bytes.\n", fd, s->max_wdata);
+        realloc_fifo(fd, s->max_rdata, s->max_wdata << 1);
+        PRINTF("socket: %d wdata expanded to %zu bytes.\n", fd, s->max_wdata);
     }
     if (s->wdata_size + len + 2048 < s->max_wdata)
         s->wdata_size += len;
     else
-        fprintf (stderr, "socket: %d wdata lost !!\n", fd), abort ();
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "socket: %d wdata lost !!\n", fd), abort();
 }
 
-void do_sendrecv (uint32_t next)
+void do_sendrecv(interval_t next_ms)
 {
     fd_set rfd = readfds, wfd;
-    FD_ZERO (&wfd);
+    FD_ZERO(&wfd);
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && session[i]->wdata_size)
-            FD_SET (i, &wfd);
+            FD_SET(i, &wfd);
     }
     struct timeval timeout;
-    timeout.tv_sec = next / 1000;
-    timeout.tv_usec = next % 1000 * 1000;
-    if (select (fd_max, &rfd, &wfd, NULL, &timeout) <= 0)
+    {
+        std::chrono::seconds next_s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(next_ms);
+        std::chrono::microseconds next_us = next_ms - next_s;
+        timeout.tv_sec = next_s.count();
+        timeout.tv_usec = next_us.count();
+    }
+    if (select(fd_max, &rfd, &wfd, NULL, &timeout) <= 0)
         return;
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (!session[i])
             continue;
-        if (FD_ISSET (i, &wfd))
+        if (FD_ISSET(i, &wfd))
         {
             if (session[i]->func_send)
                 //send_from_fifo(i);
-                session[i]->func_send (i);
+                session[i]->func_send(i);
         }
-        if (FD_ISSET (i, &rfd))
+        if (FD_ISSET(i, &rfd))
         {
             if (session[i]->func_recv)
                 //recv_to_fifo(i);
                 //or connect_client(i);
-                session[i]->func_recv (i);
+                session[i]->func_recv(i);
         }
     }
 }
 
-void do_parsepacket (void)
+void do_parsepacket(void)
 {
     for (int i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (!session[i])
             continue;
         if (!session[i]->connected
-            && time (NULL) - session[i]->created > CONNECT_TIMEOUT)
+            && static_cast<time_t>(TimeT::now()) - static_cast<time_t>(session[i]->created) > CONNECT_TIMEOUT)
         {
-            printf ("Session #%d timed out\n", i);
+            PRINTF("Session #%d timed out\n", i);
             session[i]->eof = 1;
         }
         if (!session[i]->rdata_size && !session[i]->eof)
             continue;
         if (session[i]->func_parse)
         {
-            session[i]->func_parse (i);
+            session[i]->func_parse(i);
             /// some func_parse may call delete_session
             if (!session[i])
                 continue;
         }
         /// Reclaim buffer space for what was read
-        RFIFOFLUSH (i);
+        RFIFOFLUSH(i);
     }
 }
 
-void do_socket (void)
+void do_socket(void)
 {
-    FD_ZERO (&readfds);
+    FD_ZERO(&readfds);
     currentuse = 3;
 }
 
-void RFIFOSKIP (int fd, size_t len)
+void RFIFOSKIP(int fd, size_t len)
 {
     struct socket_data *s = session[fd];
     s->rdata_pos += len;
 
     if (s->rdata_size < s->rdata_pos)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "too many skip\n");
-        abort ();
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "too many skip\n");
+        abort();
     }
 }
 
-void fclose_ (FILE * fp)
+void fclose_(FILE * fp)
 {
-    if (fclose (fp))
-        perror ("fclose"), abort ();
+    if (fclose(fp))
+        perror("fclose"), abort();
     currentuse--;
 }
 
-FILE *fopen_ (const char *path, const char *mode)
+FILE *fopen_(const char *path, const char *mode)
 {
-    FILE *f = fopen (path, mode);
+    FILE *f = fopen(path, mode);
     if (f)
         currentuse++;
     return f;
 }
 
-bool free_fds (void)
+bool free_fds(void)
 {
     return currentuse < SOFT_LIMIT;
 }
diff --git a/src/common/socket.hpp b/src/common/socket.hpp
index 00f2df0..d7c6b9c 100644
--- a/src/common/socket.hpp
+++ b/src/common/socket.hpp
@@ -3,62 +3,19 @@
 
 # include "sanity.hpp"
 
-# include <stdio.h>
-
-# include <sys/types.h>
-# include <sys/socket.h>
 # include <netinet/in.h>
 
-# include <time.h>
+# include <cstdio>
 
-/// Check how much can be read
-# define RFIFOREST(fd) (session[fd]->rdata_size-session[fd]->rdata_pos)
-/// Read from the queue
-# define RFIFOP(fd,pos) (session[fd]->rdata+session[fd]->rdata_pos+(pos))
-# define RFIFOB(fd,pos) (*(uint8_t*)(RFIFOP(fd, pos)))
-# define RFIFOW(fd,pos) (*(uint16_t*)(RFIFOP(fd, pos)))
-# define RFIFOL(fd,pos) (*(uint32_t*)(RFIFOP(fd, pos)))
-/// Done reading
-void RFIFOSKIP (int fd, size_t len);
-/// Internal - clean up by discarding handled bytes
-// Atm this is also called in char/char.c, but that is unnecessary
-# define RFIFOFLUSH(fd) (memmove(session[fd]->rdata,RFIFOP(fd,0),RFIFOREST(fd)),\
-session[fd]->rdata_size=RFIFOREST(fd),\
-session[fd]->rdata_pos=0)
-
-/// Used internally - how much room there is to read more data
-# define RFIFOSPACE(fd) (session[fd]->max_rdata-session[fd]->rdata_size)
-
-/// Read from an arbitrary buffer
-# define RBUFP(p,pos) (((uint8_t*)(p))+(pos))
-# define RBUFB(p,pos) (*(uint8_t*)RBUFP((p),(pos)))
-# define RBUFW(p,pos) (*(uint16_t*)RBUFP((p),(pos)))
-# define RBUFL(p,pos) (*(uint32_t*)RBUFP((p),(pos)))
-
-
-
-/// Unused - check how much data can be written
-# define WFIFOSPACE(fd) (session[fd]->max_wdata-session[fd]->wdata_size)
-/// Write to the queue
-# define WFIFOP(fd,pos) (session[fd]->wdata+session[fd]->wdata_size+(pos))
-# define WFIFOB(fd,pos) (*(uint8_t*)(WFIFOP(fd,pos)))
-# define WFIFOW(fd,pos) (*(uint16_t*)(WFIFOP(fd,pos)))
-# define WFIFOL(fd,pos) (*(uint32_t*)(WFIFOP(fd,pos)))
-/// Finish writing
-void WFIFOSET (int fd, size_t len);
-
-/// Write to an arbitrary buffer
-#define WBUFP(p,pos) (((uint8_t*)(p))+(pos))
-#define WBUFB(p,pos) (*(uint8_t*)WBUFP((p),(pos)))
-#define WBUFW(p,pos) (*(uint16_t*)WBUFP((p),(pos)))
-#define WBUFL(p,pos) (*(uint32_t*)WBUFP((p),(pos)))
+# include "utils.hpp"
+# include "timer.t.hpp"
 
 // Struct declaration
 
 struct socket_data
 {
     /// Checks whether a newly-connected socket actually does anything
-    time_t created;
+    TimeT created;
     bool connected;
 
     /// Flag needed since structure must be freed in a server-dependent manner
@@ -80,22 +37,22 @@ struct socket_data
     /// Only called when select() indicates the socket is ready
     /// If, after that, nothing is read, it sets eof
     // These could probably be hard-coded with a little work
-    void (*func_recv) (int);
-    void (*func_send) (int);
+    void(*func_recv)(int);
+    void(*func_send)(int);
     /// This is the important one
     /// Set to different functions depending on whether the connection
     /// is a player or a server/ladmin
     /// Can be set explicitly or via set_defaultparse
-    void (*func_parse) (int);
+    void(*func_parse)(int);
     /// Server-specific data type
     void *session_data;
 };
 
 // save file descriptors for important stuff
-# define SOFT_LIMIT (FD_SETSIZE - 50)
+constexpr int SOFT_LIMIT = FD_SETSIZE - 50;
 
 // socket timeout to establish a full connection in seconds
-# define CONNECT_TIMEOUT 15
+constexpr int CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 15;
 
 /// Everyone who has connected
 // note: call delete_session(i) to null out an element
@@ -106,30 +63,139 @@ extern int fd_max;
 
 /// open a socket, bind, and listen. Return an fd, or -1 if socket() fails,
 /// but exit if bind() or listen() fails
-int  make_listen_port (uint16_t port);
+int make_listen_port(uint16_t port);
 /// Connect to an address, return a connected socket or -1
 // FIXME - this is IPv4 only!
-int  make_connection (uint32_t ip, uint16_t port);
+int make_connection(uint32_t ip, uint16_t port);
 /// free() the structure and close() the fd
-void delete_session (int);
+void delete_session(int);
 /// Make a the internal queues bigger
-void realloc_fifo (int fd, size_t rfifo_size, size_t wfifo_size);
+void realloc_fifo(int fd, size_t rfifo_size, size_t wfifo_size);
 /// Update all sockets that can be read/written from the queues
-void do_sendrecv (uint32_t next);
+void do_sendrecv(interval_t next);
 /// Call the parser function for every socket that has read data
-void do_parsepacket (void);
+void do_parsepacket(void);
 
 /// An init function
-void do_socket (void);
+void do_socket(void);
 
 /// Change the default parser for newly connected clients
 // typically called once per server, but individual clients may identify
 // themselves as servers
-void set_defaultparse (void (*defaultparse) (int));
+void set_defaultparse(void(*defaultparse)(int));
 
 /// Wrappers to track number of free FDs
-void fclose_ (FILE * fp);
-FILE *fopen_ (const char *path, const char *mode);
-bool free_fds (void);
+void fclose_(FILE * fp);
+FILE *fopen_(const char *path, const char *mode);
+
+bool free_fds(void);
+
+
+
+/// Check how much can be read
+inline
+size_t RFIFOREST(int fd)
+{
+    return session[fd]->rdata_size - session[fd]->rdata_pos;
+}
+/// Read from the queue
+inline
+const void *RFIFOP(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return session[fd]->rdata + session[fd]->rdata_pos + pos;
+}
+inline
+uint8_t RFIFOB(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<const uint8_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint16_t RFIFOW(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint32_t RFIFOL(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<const uint32_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, pos));
+}
+
+/// Done reading
+void RFIFOSKIP(int fd, size_t len);
+
+/// Read from an arbitrary buffer
+inline
+const void *RBUFP(const uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return p + pos;
+}
+inline
+uint8_t RBUFB(const uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<const uint8_t *>(RBUFP(p, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint16_t RBUFW(const uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RBUFP(p, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint32_t RBUFL(const uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<const uint32_t *>(RBUFP(p, pos));
+}
+
+
+/// Unused - check how much data can be written
+inline
+size_t WFIFOSPACE(int fd)
+{
+    return session[fd]->max_wdata - session[fd]->wdata_size;
+}
+/// Write to the queue
+inline
+void *WFIFOP(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return session[fd]->wdata + session[fd]->wdata_size + pos;
+}
+inline
+uint8_t& WFIFOB(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint16_t& WFIFOW(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<uint16_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint32_t& WFIFOL(int fd, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<uint32_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos));
+}
+/// Finish writing
+void WFIFOSET(int fd, size_t len);
+
+/// Write to an arbitrary buffer
+inline
+void *WBUFP(uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return p + pos;
+}
+inline
+uint8_t& WBUFB(uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<uint8_t *>(WBUFP(p, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint16_t& WBUFW(uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<uint16_t *>(WBUFP(p, pos));
+}
+inline
+uint32_t& WBUFL(uint8_t *p, size_t pos)
+{
+    return *static_cast<uint32_t *>(WBUFP(p, pos));
+}
 
 #endif // SOCKET_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/timer.cpp b/src/common/timer.cpp
index 66aaa9b..7b115d9 100644
--- a/src/common/timer.cpp
+++ b/src/common/timer.cpp
@@ -1,257 +1,193 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "timer.hpp"
 
-#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 
-#include "timer.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <queue>
+
+#include "cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "utils.hpp"
 
-static struct TimerData *timer_data;
-static uint32_t timer_data_max, timer_data_num;
-static timer_id *free_timer_list;
-static uint32_t free_timer_list_max, free_timer_list_pos;
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+struct TimerData
+{
+    /// This will be reset on call, to avoid problems.
+    Timer *owner;
+
+    /// When it will be triggered
+    tick_t tick;
+    /// What will be done
+    timer_func func;
+    /// Repeat rate - 0 for oneshot
+    interval_t interval;
+
+    TimerData(Timer *o, tick_t t, timer_func f, interval_t i)
+    : owner(o)
+    , tick(t)
+    , func(std::move(f))
+    , interval(i)
+    {}
+};
+
+struct TimerCompare
+{
+    /// implement "less than"
+    bool operator() (TimerData *l, TimerData *r)
+    {
+        // C++ provides a max-heap, but we want
+        // the smallest tick to be the head (a min-heap).
+        return l->tick > r->tick;
+    }
+};
 
-/// Okay, I think I understand this structure now:
-/// the timer heap is a magic queue that allows inserting timers and then popping them in order
-/// designed to copy only log2(N) entries instead of N
-// timer_heap[0] is the size (greatest index into the heap)
-// timer_heap[1] is the first actual element
-// timer_heap_max increases 256 at a time and never decreases
-static uint32_t timer_heap_max = 0;
-/// FIXME: refactor the code to put the size in a separate variable
-//nontrivial because indices get multiplied
-static timer_id *timer_heap = NULL;
+static
+std::priority_queue<TimerData *, std::vector<TimerData *>, TimerCompare> timer_heap;
 
 
-static uint32_t gettick_cache;
-static uint8_t gettick_count = 0;
+tick_t gettick_cache;
 
-uint32_t gettick_nocache (void)
+tick_t milli_clock::now(void) noexcept
 {
     struct timeval tval;
     // BUG: This will cause strange behavior if the system clock is changed!
     // it should be reimplemented in terms of clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, )
-    gettimeofday (&tval, NULL);
-    gettick_count = 255;
-    return gettick_cache = tval.tv_sec * 1000 + tval.tv_usec / 1000;
+    gettimeofday(&tval, NULL);
+    return gettick_cache = tick_t(std::chrono::seconds(tval.tv_sec)
+            + std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                std::chrono::microseconds(tval.tv_usec)));
 }
 
-uint32_t gettick (void)
+static
+void do_nothing(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    if (gettick_count--)
-        return gettick_cache;
-    return gettick_nocache ();
 }
 
-static void push_timer_heap (timer_id index)
+void Timer::cancel()
 {
-    if (timer_heap == NULL || timer_heap[0] + 1 >= timer_heap_max)
-    {
-        timer_heap_max += 256;
-        RECREATE (timer_heap, timer_id, timer_heap_max);
-        memset (timer_heap + (timer_heap_max - 256), 0, sizeof (timer_id) * 256);
-    }
-// timer_heap[0] is the greatest index into the heap, which increases
-    timer_heap[0]++;
-
-    timer_id h = timer_heap[0]-1, i = (h - 1) / 2;
-    while (h)
-    {
-        // avoid wraparound problems, it really means this:
-        //   timer_data[index].tick >= timer_data[timer_heap[i+1]].tick
-        if ( DIFF_TICK(timer_data[index].tick, timer_data[timer_heap[i+1]].tick) >= 0)
-            break;
-        timer_heap[h + 1] = timer_heap[i + 1];
-        h = i;
-        i = (h - 1) / 2;
-    }
-    timer_heap[h + 1] = index;
+    if (!td)
+        return;
+
+    assert (this == td->owner);
+    td->owner = nullptr;
+    td->func = do_nothing;
+    td->interval = interval_t::zero();
+    td = nullptr;
 }
 
-static timer_id top_timer_heap (void)
+void Timer::detach()
 {
-    if (!timer_heap || !timer_heap[0])
-        return -1;
-    return timer_heap[1];
+    assert (this == td->owner);
+    td->owner = nullptr;
+    td = nullptr;
 }
 
-static timer_id pop_timer_heap (void)
+static
+void push_timer_heap(TimerData *td)
 {
-    if (!timer_heap || !timer_heap[0])
-        return -1;
-    timer_id ret = timer_heap[1];
-    timer_id last = timer_heap[timer_heap[0]];
-    timer_heap[0]--;
-
-    uint32_t h, k;
-    for (h = 0, k = 2; k < timer_heap[0]; k = k * 2 + 2)
-    {
-        if (DIFF_TICK(timer_data[timer_heap[k + 1]].tick, timer_data[timer_heap[k]].tick) > 0)
-            k--;
-        timer_heap[h + 1] = timer_heap[k + 1], h = k;
-    }
-    if (k == timer_heap[0])
-        timer_heap[h + 1] = timer_heap[k], h = k - 1;
-
-    uint32_t i = (h - 1) / 2;
-    while (h)
-    {
-        if (DIFF_TICK (timer_data[timer_heap[i + 1]].tick, timer_data[last].tick) <= 0)
-            break;
-        timer_heap[h + 1] = timer_heap[i + 1];
-        h = i;
-        i = (h - 1) / 2;
-    }
-    timer_heap[h + 1] = last;
+    timer_heap.push(td);
+}
 
-    return ret;
+static
+TimerData *top_timer_heap(void)
+{
+    if (timer_heap.empty())
+        return nullptr;
+    return timer_heap.top();
 }
 
-timer_id add_timer (tick_t tick, timer_func func, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void pop_timer_heap(void)
 {
-    timer_id i;
+    timer_heap.pop();
+}
 
-    if (free_timer_list_pos)
-    {
-        // Retrieve a freed timer id instead of a new one
-        // I think it should be possible to avoid the loop somehow
-        do
-        {
-            i = free_timer_list[--free_timer_list_pos];
-        }
-        while (i >= timer_data_num && free_timer_list_pos > 0);
-    }
-    else
-        i = timer_data_num;
+Timer::Timer(tick_t tick, timer_func func, interval_t interval)
+: td(new TimerData(this, tick, std::move(func), interval))
+{
+    assert (interval >= interval_t::zero());
 
-    // I have no idea what this is doing
-    if (i >= timer_data_num)
-        for (i = timer_data_num; i < timer_data_max && timer_data[i].type; i++)
-            ;
-    if (i >= timer_data_num && i >= timer_data_max)
-    {
-        if (timer_data_max == 0)
-        {
-            timer_data_max = 256;
-            CREATE (timer_data, struct TimerData, timer_data_max);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            timer_data_max += 256;
-            RECREATE (timer_data, struct TimerData, timer_data_max);
-            memset (timer_data + (timer_data_max - 256), 0,
-                    sizeof (struct TimerData) * 256);
-        }
-    }
-    timer_data[i].tick = tick;
-    timer_data[i].func = func;
-    timer_data[i].id = id;
-    timer_data[i].data = data;
-    timer_data[i].type = TIMER_ONCE_AUTODEL;
-    timer_data[i].interval = 1000;
-    push_timer_heap (i);
-    if (i >= timer_data_num)
-        timer_data_num = i + 1;
-    return i;
+    push_timer_heap(td);
 }
 
-timer_id add_timer_interval (tick_t tick, timer_func func, custom_id_t id,
-                             custom_data_t data, interval_t interval)
+Timer::Timer(Timer&& t)
+: td(t.td)
 {
-    timer_id tid = add_timer (tick, func, id, data);
-    timer_data[tid].type = TIMER_INTERVAL;
-    timer_data[tid].interval = interval;
-    return tid;
+    t.td = nullptr;
+    if (td)
+    {
+        assert (td->owner == &t);
+        td->owner = this;
+    }
 }
 
-void delete_timer (timer_id id, timer_func func)
+Timer& Timer::operator = (Timer&& t)
 {
-    if (id == 0 || id >= timer_data_num)
+    std::swap(td, t.td);
+    if (td)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "delete_timer error : no such timer %d\n", id);
-        abort ();
+        assert (td->owner == &t);
+        td->owner = this;
     }
-    if (timer_data[id].func != func)
+    if (t.td)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "Timer mismatch\n");
-        abort ();
+        assert (t.td->owner == this);
+        t.td->owner = &t;
     }
-    // "to let them disappear" - is this just in case?
-    timer_data[id].func = NULL;
-    timer_data[id].type = TIMER_ONCE_AUTODEL;
-    timer_data[id].tick -= 60 * 60 * 1000;
-}
-
-tick_t addtick_timer (timer_id tid, interval_t tick)
-{
-    return timer_data[tid].tick += tick;
+    return *this;
 }
 
-struct TimerData *get_timer (timer_id tid)
+interval_t do_timer(tick_t tick)
 {
-    return &timer_data[tid];
-}
-
-interval_t do_timer (tick_t tick)
-{
-    timer_id i;
     /// Number of milliseconds until it calls this again
     // this says to wait 1 sec if all timers get popped
-    interval_t nextmin = 1000;
+    interval_t nextmin = std::chrono::seconds(1);
 
-    while ((i = top_timer_heap ()) != (timer_id)-1)
+    while (TimerData *td = top_timer_heap())
     {
         // while the heap is not empty and
-        if (DIFF_TICK (timer_data[i].tick, tick) > 0)
+        if (td->tick > tick)
         {
             /// Return the time until the next timer needs to goes off
-            nextmin = DIFF_TICK (timer_data[i].tick, tick);
+            nextmin = td->tick - tick;
             break;
         }
-        pop_timer_heap ();
-        if (timer_data[i].func)
-        {
-            if (DIFF_TICK (timer_data[i].tick, tick) < -1000)
-            {
-                // If we are too far past the requested tick, call with the current tick instead to fix reregistering problems
-                timer_data[i].func (i, tick, timer_data[i].id, timer_data[i].data);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                timer_data[i].func (i, timer_data[i].tick, timer_data[i].id, timer_data[i].data);
-            }
-        }
-        switch (timer_data[i].type)
+        pop_timer_heap();
+
+        // Prevent destroying the object we're in.
+        // Note: this would be surprising in an interval timer,
+        // but all interval timers do an immediate explicit detach().
+        if (td->owner)
+            td->owner->detach();
+        // If we are too far past the requested tick, call with
+        // the current tick instead to fix reregistration problems
+        if (td->tick + std::chrono::seconds(1) < tick)
+            td->func(td, tick);
+        else
+            td->func(td, td->tick);
+
+        if (td->interval == interval_t::zero())
         {
-            case TIMER_ONCE_AUTODEL:
-                timer_data[i].type = TIMER_NONE;
-                if (free_timer_list_pos >= free_timer_list_max)
-                {
-                    free_timer_list_max += 256;
-                    RECREATE (free_timer_list, uint32_t, free_timer_list_max);
-                    memset (free_timer_list + (free_timer_list_max - 256),
-                            0, 256 * sizeof (uint32_t));
-                }
-                free_timer_list[free_timer_list_pos++] = i;
-                break;
-            case TIMER_INTERVAL:
-                if (DIFF_TICK (timer_data[i].tick, tick) < -1000)
-                {
-                    timer_data[i].tick = tick + timer_data[i].interval;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    timer_data[i].tick += timer_data[i].interval;
-                }
-                push_timer_heap (i);
-                break;
+            delete td;
+            continue;
         }
+        if (td->tick + std::chrono::seconds(1) < tick)
+            td->tick = tick + td->interval;
+        else
+            td->tick += td->interval;
+        push_timer_heap(td);
     }
 
-    if (nextmin < 10)
-        nextmin = 10;
-    return nextmin;
+    return std::max(nextmin, std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
+}
+
+tick_t file_modified(const char *name)
+{
+    struct stat buf;
+    if (stat(name, &buf))
+        return tick_t();
+    return tick_t(std::chrono::seconds(buf.st_mtime));
 }
diff --git a/src/common/timer.hpp b/src/common/timer.hpp
index fdda344..c581377 100644
--- a/src/common/timer.hpp
+++ b/src/common/timer.hpp
@@ -1,61 +1,25 @@
 #ifndef TIMER_HPP
 #define TIMER_HPP
 
-# include "sanity.hpp"
+# include "timer.t.hpp"
 
-enum TIMER_TYPE
-{
-    TIMER_NONE,
-    TIMER_ONCE_AUTODEL,
-    TIMER_INTERVAL,
-};
-/// This is needed to produce a signed result when 2 ticks are subtracted
-# define DIFF_TICK(a,b) ((int32_t)((a)-(b)))
+# include "sanity.hpp"
 
-// TODO replace with signed 64-bit to make code more clear and protect from the future
-typedef uint32_t tick_t;
-typedef uint32_t interval_t;
-typedef uint32_t timer_id;
-// BUG: pointers are stored in here
-typedef int32_t custom_id_t;
-typedef int32_t custom_data_t;
-typedef void (*timer_func) (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
+// updated automatically when using milli_clock::now()
+// which is done only by core.cpp
+extern tick_t gettick_cache;
 
-struct TimerData
+inline
+tick_t gettick(void)
 {
-    /// When it will be triggered
-    tick_t tick;
-    /// What will be done
-    timer_func func;
-    /// Arbitrary data. WARNING, callers are stupid and put pointers in here
-    // Should we change to void* or intptr_t ?
-    custom_id_t  id;
-    custom_data_t  data;
-    /// Type of timer - 0 initially
-    enum TIMER_TYPE type;
-    /// Repeat rate
-    interval_t interval;
-};
-
-/// Server time, in milliseconds, since the epoch,
-/// but use of 32-bit integers means it wraps every 49 days.
-// The only external caller of this function is the core.c main loop, but that makes sense
-// in fact, it might make more sense if gettick() ALWAYS returned that cached value
-tick_t gettick_nocache (void);
-/// This function is called enough that it's worth caching the result for
-/// the next 255 times
-tick_t gettick (void);
-
-timer_id add_timer (tick_t, timer_func, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-timer_id add_timer_interval (tick_t, timer_func, custom_id_t, custom_data_t, interval_t);
-void delete_timer (timer_id, timer_func);
-
-tick_t addtick_timer (timer_id, interval_t);
-struct TimerData *get_timer (timer_id tid);
-
-/// Do all timers scheduled before tick, and return the number of milliseconds until the next timer happens
-interval_t do_timer (tick_t tick);
+    return gettick_cache;
+}
 
+/// Do all timers scheduled before tick, and return the number of
+/// milliseconds until the next timer happens
+interval_t do_timer(tick_t tick);
 
+/// Stat a file, and return its modification time, truncated to seconds.
+tick_t file_modified(const char *name);
 
 #endif // TIMER_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/timer.t.hpp b/src/common/timer.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee9b5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/timer.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifndef TIMER_T_HPP
+#define TIMER_T_HPP
+
+# include <chrono>
+# include <functional>
+
+struct TimerData;
+
+/// An implementation of the C++ "clock" concept, exposing
+/// durations in milliseconds.
+class milli_clock
+{
+public:
+    typedef std::chrono::milliseconds duration;
+    typedef duration::rep rep;
+    typedef duration::period period;
+    typedef std::chrono::time_point<milli_clock, duration> time_point;
+    static const bool is_steady = true; // assumed - not necessarily true
+
+    static time_point now() noexcept;
+};
+
+/// A point in time.
+typedef milli_clock::time_point tick_t;
+/// The difference between two points in time.
+typedef milli_clock::duration interval_t;
+/// (to get additional arguments, use std::bind or a lambda).
+typedef std::function<void (TimerData *, tick_t)> timer_func;
+
+class Timer
+{
+    friend struct TimerData;
+    TimerData *td;
+
+    Timer(const Timer&) = delete;
+    Timer& operator = (const Timer&) = delete;
+public:
+    /// Don't own anything yet.
+    Timer() : td(nullptr) {}
+    /// Schedule a timer for the given tick.
+    /// If you do not wish to keep track of it, call disconnect().
+    /// Otherwise, you may cancel() or replace (operator =) it later.
+    ///
+    /// If the interval argument is given, the timer will reschedule
+    /// itself again forever. Otherwise, it will disconnect() itself
+    /// just BEFORE it is called.
+    Timer(tick_t tick, timer_func func, interval_t interval=interval_t::zero());
+
+    Timer(Timer&& t);
+    Timer& operator = (Timer&& t);
+    ~Timer() { cancel(); }
+
+    /// Cancel the delivery of this timer's function, and make it falsy.
+    /// Implementation note: this doesn't actually remove it, just sets
+    /// the functor to do_nothing, and waits for the tick before removing.
+    void cancel();
+    /// Make it falsy without cancelling the timer,
+    void detach();
+
+    /// Check if there is a timer connected.
+    explicit operator bool() { return td; }
+    /// Check if there is no connected timer.
+    bool operator !() { return !td; }
+};
+
+#endif // TIMER_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/utils.cpp b/src/common/utils.cpp
index fbdd87e..49dce34 100644
--- a/src/common/utils.cpp
+++ b/src/common/utils.cpp
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 #include "utils.hpp"
 
-#include <cstring>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-
 #include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 // Function to suppress control characters in a string.
 //-----------------------------------------------------
-int remove_control_chars (char *str)
+int remove_control_chars(char *str)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  change = 0;
+    int i;
+    int change = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; str[i]; i++)
     {
@@ -29,39 +30,38 @@ int remove_control_chars (char *str)
 //---------------------------------------------------
 // E-mail check: return 0 (not correct) or 1 (valid).
 //---------------------------------------------------
-int e_mail_check (const char *email)
+int e_mail_check(const char *email)
 {
     char ch;
     const char *last_arobas;
 
     // athena limits
-    if (strlen (email) < 3 || strlen (email) > 39)
+    if (strlen(email) < 3 || strlen(email) > 39)
         return 0;
 
     // part of RFC limits (official reference of e-mail description)
-    if (strchr (email, '@') == NULL || email[strlen (email) - 1] == '@')
+    if (strchr(email, '@') == NULL || email[strlen(email) - 1] == '@')
         return 0;
 
-    if (email[strlen (email) - 1] == '.')
+    if (email[strlen(email) - 1] == '.')
         return 0;
 
-    last_arobas = strrchr (email, '@');
+    last_arobas = strrchr(email, '@');
 
-    if (strstr (last_arobas, "@.") != NULL ||
-        strstr (last_arobas, "..") != NULL)
+    if (strstr(last_arobas, "@.") != NULL ||
+        strstr(last_arobas, "..") != NULL)
         return 0;
 
     for (ch = 1; ch < 32; ch++)
     {
-        if (strchr (last_arobas, ch) != NULL)
+        if (strchr(last_arobas, ch) != NULL)
         {
             return 0;
-            break;
         }
     }
 
-    if (strchr (last_arobas, ' ') != NULL ||
-        strchr (last_arobas, ';') != NULL)
+    if (strchr(last_arobas, ' ') != NULL ||
+        strchr(last_arobas, ';') != NULL)
         return 0;
 
     // all correct
@@ -74,15 +74,15 @@ int e_mail_check (const char *email)
 //-------------------------------------------------
 int config_switch (const char *str)
 {
-    if (strcasecmp (str, "on") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "yes") == 0
-        || strcasecmp (str, "oui") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "ja") == 0
-        || strcasecmp (str, "si") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(str, "on") == 0 || strcasecmp(str, "yes") == 0
+        || strcasecmp(str, "oui") == 0 || strcasecmp(str, "ja") == 0
+        || strcasecmp(str, "si") == 0)
         return 1;
-    if (strcasecmp (str, "off") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "no") == 0
-        || strcasecmp (str, "non") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "nein") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(str, "off") == 0 || strcasecmp(str, "no") == 0
+        || strcasecmp(str, "non") == 0 || strcasecmp(str, "nein") == 0)
         return 0;
 
-    return atoi (str);
+    return atoi(str);
 }
 
 const char *ip2str(struct in_addr ip, bool extra_dot)
@@ -95,3 +95,62 @@ const char *ip2str(struct in_addr ip, bool extra_dot)
         sprintf(buf, "%d.%d.%d.%d", p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]);
     return buf;
 }
+
+bool split_key_value(const std::string& line, std::string *w1, std::string *w2)
+{
+    std::string::const_iterator begin = line.begin(), end = line.end();
+
+    if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
+        return false;
+    if (line.back() == '\r')
+        --end;
+    if (line.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    if (std::find_if(begin, end,
+                [](unsigned char c) { return c < ' '; }
+                ) != line.end())
+        return false;
+    std::string::const_iterator colon = std::find(begin, end, ':');
+    if (colon == end)
+        return false;
+    w1->assign(begin, colon);
+    ++colon;
+    while (std::isspace(*colon))
+        ++colon;
+    w2->assign(colon, end);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static_assert(sizeof(timestamp_seconds_buffer) == 20, "seconds buffer");
+static_assert(sizeof(timestamp_milliseconds_buffer) == 24, "millis buffer");
+
+void stamp_time(timestamp_seconds_buffer& out, TimeT *t)
+{
+    struct tm when = t ? *t : TimeT::now();
+    strftime(out, 20, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &when);
+}
+void stamp_time(timestamp_milliseconds_buffer& out)
+{
+    struct timeval tv;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+    struct tm when = TimeT(tv.tv_sec);
+    strftime(out, 20, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &when);
+    sprintf(out + 19, ".%03d", int(tv.tv_usec / 1000));
+}
+
+void log_with_timestamp(FILE *out, const_string line)
+{
+    if (!line)
+    {
+        fputc('\n', out);
+        return;
+    }
+    timestamp_milliseconds_buffer tmpstr;
+    stamp_time(tmpstr);
+    fwrite(tmpstr, 1, sizeof(tmpstr), out);
+    fputs(": ", out);
+    fwrite(line.data(), 1, line.size(), out);
+    if (line.back() != '\n')
+        fputc('\n', out);
+}
diff --git a/src/common/utils.hpp b/src/common/utils.hpp
index 1097bf7..33117ac 100644
--- a/src/common/utils.hpp
+++ b/src/common/utils.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@
 
 #include "sanity.hpp"
 
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "const_array.hpp"
+#include "operators.hpp"
+#include "utils2.hpp"
+
 /*
 Notes about memory allocation in tmwAthena:
 There used to be 3 sources of allocation: these macros,
@@ -10,17 +19,122 @@ a{C,M,Re}alloc in common/malloc.{h,c}, and direct calls.
 I deleted malloc.{h,c} because it was redundant;
 future calls should either use this or depend on the coming segfault.
 */
+template<class T>
+void create_impl(T *& result, size_t number)
+{
+    result = (T *)calloc(number, sizeof(T));
+    if (!result && number)
+    {
+        perror("SYSERR: malloc failure");
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+template<class T>
+void recreate_impl(T *& result, size_t number)
+{
+    result = (T *)realloc(result, sizeof(T) * number);
+    if (!result && number)
+    {
+        perror("SYSERR: realloc failure");
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
 # define CREATE(result, type, number) \
-   if (!((result) = (type *) calloc ((number), sizeof(type))))   \
-      { perror("SYSERR: malloc failure"); abort(); } else (void)0
+    create_impl<type>(result, number)
 
-# define RECREATE(result,type,number) \
-  if (!((result) = (type *) realloc ((result), sizeof(type) * (number))))\
-      { perror("SYSERR: realloc failure"); abort(); } else (void)0
+# define RECREATE(result, type, number) \
+    recreate_impl<type>(result, number)
 
-int remove_control_chars (char *str);
-int e_mail_check (const char *email);
+int remove_control_chars(char *str);
+int e_mail_check(const char *email);
 int config_switch (const char *str);
 const char *ip2str(struct in_addr ip, bool extra_dot = false);
 
+bool split_key_value(const std::string& line, std::string *w1, std::string *w2);
+
+inline
+void strzcpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n)
+{
+    if (n)
+    {
+        strncpy(dest, src, n);
+        dest[n-1] = '\0';
+    }
+}
+
+// Exists in place of time_t, to give it a predictable printf-format.
+// (on x86 and amd64, time_t == long, but not on x32)
+static_assert(sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(time_t), "long long >= time_t");
+struct TimeT : Comparable
+{
+    long long value;
+
+    // conversion
+    TimeT(time_t t=0) : value(t) {}
+    TimeT(struct tm t) : value(timegm(&t)) {}
+    operator time_t() { return value; }
+    operator struct tm() { time_t v = value; return *gmtime(&v); }
+
+    explicit operator bool() { return value; }
+    bool operator !() { return !value; }
+
+    // prevent surprises
+    template<class T>
+    TimeT(T) = delete;
+    template<class T>
+    operator T() = delete;
+
+    static
+    TimeT now()
+    {
+        // poisoned, but this is still in header-land
+        return time(NULL);
+    }
+
+    bool error()
+    {
+        return value == -1;
+    }
+    bool okay()
+    {
+        return !error();
+    }
+};
+
+inline
+long long convert_for_printf(TimeT t)
+{
+    return t.value;
+}
+
+inline
+long long& convert_for_scanf(TimeT& t)
+{
+    return t.value;
+}
+
+typedef char timestamp_seconds_buffer[20];
+typedef char timestamp_milliseconds_buffer[24];
+void stamp_time(timestamp_seconds_buffer&, TimeT *t=nullptr);
+void stamp_time(timestamp_milliseconds_buffer&);
+
+void log_with_timestamp(FILE *out, const_string line);
+
+#define TIMESTAMP_DUMMY "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"
+static_assert(sizeof(TIMESTAMP_DUMMY) == sizeof(timestamp_seconds_buffer),
+        "timestamp size");
+#define WITH_TIMESTAMP(str) str TIMESTAMP_DUMMY
+//  str:            prefix: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
+//  sizeof:        01234567890123456789012345678
+//  str + sizeof:                               ^
+//  -1:                     ^
+#define REPLACE_TIMESTAMP(str, t)                           \
+    stamp_time(                                             \
+            reinterpret_cast<timestamp_seconds_buffer *>(   \
+                str + sizeof(str)                           \
+            )[-1],                                          \
+            &t                                              \
+    )
+
 #endif //UTILS_HPP
diff --git a/src/common/utils2.hpp b/src/common/utils2.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f02beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/utils2.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+#ifndef UTILS2_HPP
+#define UTILS2_HPP
+
+#include "sanity.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+# define FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#else
+# define FALLTHROUGH /* fallthrough */
+#endif
+
+template<class T, class E, E max>
+struct earray
+{
+    // no ctor/dtor and one public member variable for easy initialization
+    T _data[size_t(max)];
+
+    T& operator[](E v)
+    {
+        return _data[size_t(v)];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator[](E v) const
+    {
+        return _data[size_t(v)];
+    }
+
+    T *begin()
+    {
+        return _data;
+    }
+
+    T *end()
+    {
+        return _data + size_t(max);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class T, class E>
+class eptr
+{
+    T *_data;
+public:
+    eptr(decltype(nullptr)=nullptr)
+    : _data(nullptr)
+    {}
+
+    template<E max>
+    eptr(earray<T, E, max>& arr)
+    : _data(arr._data)
+    {}
+
+    T& operator [](E v)
+    {
+        return _data[size_t(v)];
+    }
+
+    explicit operator bool()
+    {
+        return _data;
+    }
+
+    bool operator not()
+    {
+        return not _data;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class It>
+class IteratorPair
+{
+    It _b, _e;
+public:
+    IteratorPair(It b, It e)
+    : _b(b), _e(e)
+    {}
+
+    It begin() { return _b; }
+    It end() { return _e; }
+};
+
+template<class It>
+IteratorPair<It> iterator_pair(It b, It e)
+{
+    return {b, e};
+}
+
+// std::underlying_type isn't supported until gcc 4.7
+// this is a poor man's emulation
+template<class E>
+struct underlying_type
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_enum<E>::value, "Only enums have underlying type!");
+    typedef typename std::conditional<
+        std::is_signed<E>::value,
+        typename std::make_signed<E>::type,
+        typename std::make_unsigned<E>::type
+    >::type type;
+};
+
+template<class E, bool=std::is_enum<E>::value>
+struct remove_enum
+{
+    typedef E type;
+};
+template<class E>
+struct remove_enum<E, true>
+{
+    typedef typename underlying_type<E>::type type;
+};
+
+
+#define ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(E)               \
+inline                                          \
+E operator & (E l, E r)                         \
+{                                               \
+    typedef underlying_type<E>::type U;         \
+    return E(U(l) & U(r));                      \
+}                                               \
+inline                                          \
+E operator | (E l, E r)                         \
+{                                               \
+    typedef underlying_type<E>::type U;         \
+    return E(U(l) | U(r));                      \
+}                                               \
+inline                                          \
+E operator ^ (E l, E r)                         \
+{                                               \
+    typedef underlying_type<E>::type U;         \
+    return E(U(l) ^ U(r));                      \
+}                                               \
+inline                                          \
+E& operator &= (E& l, E r)                      \
+{                                               \
+    return l = l & r;                           \
+}                                               \
+inline                                          \
+E& operator |= (E& l, E r)                      \
+{                                               \
+    return l = l | r;                           \
+}                                               \
+inline                                          \
+E& operator ^= (E& l, E r)                      \
+{                                               \
+    return l = l ^ r;                           \
+}                                               \
+inline                                          \
+E operator ~ (E r)                              \
+{                                               \
+    return E(-1) ^ r;                           \
+}
+
+template<class E>
+class EnumValueIterator
+{
+    typedef typename underlying_type<E>::type U;
+    E value;
+public:
+    EnumValueIterator(E v)
+    : value(v)
+    {}
+
+    E operator *()
+    {
+      return value;
+    }
+    EnumValueIterator& operator++ ()
+    {
+       value = E(U(value) + 1);
+       return *this;
+    }
+    EnumValueIterator& operator-- ()
+    {
+       value = E(U(value) - 1);
+       return *this;
+    }
+    friend bool operator == (EnumValueIterator l, EnumValueIterator r)
+    {
+       return l.value == r.value;
+    }
+    friend bool operator != (EnumValueIterator l, EnumValueIterator r)
+    {
+       return !(l == r);
+    }
+};
+
+template<class E>
+IteratorPair<EnumValueIterator<E>> erange(E b, E e)
+{
+    return {b, e};
+}
+
+namespace ph = std::placeholders;
+
+template<class A, class B>
+typename std::common_type<A, B>::type min(A a, B b)
+{
+    return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+
+template<class A, class B>
+typename std::common_type<A, B>::type max(A a, B b)
+{
+    return b < a ? a : b;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+struct is_array_of_unknown_bound
+: std::is_same<T, typename std::remove_extent<T>::type[]>
+{};
+
+template<class T, class... A>
+typename std::enable_if<!is_array_of_unknown_bound<T>::value, std::unique_ptr<T>>::type make_unique(A&&... a)
+{
+    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(a...));
+}
+
+template<class T>
+typename std::enable_if<is_array_of_unknown_bound<T>::value, std::unique_ptr<T>>::type make_unique(size_t sz)
+{
+    typedef typename std::remove_extent<T>::type E;
+    return std::unique_ptr<E[]>(new E[sz]);
+}
+
+#endif // UTILS2_HPP
diff --git a/src/ladmin/ladmin.cpp b/src/ladmin/ladmin.cpp
index dbad7bb..d6a30dd 100644
--- a/src/ladmin/ladmin.cpp
+++ b/src/ladmin/ladmin.cpp
@@ -1,66 +1,44 @@
-// $Id: ladmin.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:52 MagicalTux Exp $
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// EAthena login-server remote administration tool
-// Ladamin in C by [Yor]
-// if you modify this software, modify ladmin in tool too.
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>           // gettimeofday
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>             // close
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>             // str*
-#include <arpa/inet.h>          // inet_addr
-#include <netdb.h>              // gethostbyname
-#include <stdarg.h>             // valist
-#include <ctype.h>              // tolower
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
 
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/core.hpp"
+#include "../common/md5calc.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "ladmin.hpp"
 #include "../common/version.hpp"
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils.hpp"
 
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
-#include "../common/md5calc.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#define LADMIN_CONF_NAME        "conf/ladmin_athena.conf"
 
-int eathena_interactive_session; // from core.c
-#define Iprintf if (eathena_interactive_session) printf
+static
+int eathena_interactive_session;
+#define Iprintf if (eathena_interactive_session) PRINTF
 
 //-------------------------------INSTRUCTIONS------------------------------
 // Set the variables below:
 //   IP of the login server.
 //   Port where the login-server listens incoming packets.
 //   Password of administration (same of config_athena.conf).
-//   Displayed language of the sofware (if not correct, english is used).
 // IMPORTANT:
 //   Be sure that you authorize remote administration in login-server
 //   (see login_athena.conf, 'admin_state' parameter)
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static
 char loginserverip[16] = "127.0.0.1";   // IP of login-server
-int  loginserverport = 6900;    // Port of login-server
+static
+int loginserverport = 6900;    // Port of login-server
+static
 char loginserveradminpassword[24] = "admin";    // Administration password
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
-int  passenc = 2;               // Encoding type of the password
-#else
-int  passenc = 0;               // Encoding type of the password
-#endif
-char defaultlanguage = 'E';     // Default language (F: Français/E: English)
-                                             // (if it's not 'F', default is English)
+static
+int passenc = 2;               // Encoding type of the password
+static
 char ladmin_log_filename[1024] = "log/ladmin.log";
-char date_format[32] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S";
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //  LIST of COMMANDs that you can type at the prompt:
 //    To use these commands you can only type only the first letters.
@@ -70,9 +48,9 @@ char date_format[32] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S";
 //
 //  Note: every time you must give a account_name, you can use "" or '' (spaces can be included)
 //
-//  aide/help/?
+//  help/?
 //    Display the description of the commands
-//  aide/help/? [command]
+//  help/? [command]
 //    Display the description of the specified command
 //
 //  add <account_name> <sex> <password>
@@ -148,9 +126,6 @@ char date_format[32] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S";
 //  kamib <message>
 //    Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).
 //
-//  language <language>
-//    Change the language of displaying.
-//
 //  list/ls [start_id [end_id]]
 //    Display a list of accounts.
 //    'start_id', 'end_id': indicate end and start identifiers.
@@ -244,152 +219,88 @@ char date_format[32] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S";
 //    Displays complete information of an account.
 //
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-int  login_fd;
-int  login_ip;
-int  bytes_to_read = 0;         // flag to know if we waiting bytes from login-server
-char command[1024];
-char parameters[1024];
-int  list_first, list_last, list_type, list_count;  // parameter to display a list of accounts
-int  already_exit_function = 0; // sometimes, the exit function is called twice... so, don't log twice the message
+static
+int login_fd;
+static
+int login_ip;
+static
+int bytes_to_read = 0;         // flag to know if we waiting bytes from login-server
+static
+char parameters[1024]; // needs to be global since it's passed to the parse function
+// really should be added to session data
+static
+int list_first, list_last, list_type, list_count;  // parameter to display a list of accounts
+static
+int already_exit_function = 0; // sometimes, the exit function is called twice... so, don't log twice the message
 
 //------------------------------
 // Writing function of logs file
 //------------------------------
-static __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-int ladmin_log (const char *fmt, ...);
-int ladmin_log (const char *fmt, ...)
+#define LADMIN_LOG(fmt, ...)    \
+    ladmin_log(static_cast<const std::string&>(STRPRINTF(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)))
+static
+void ladmin_log(const_string line)
 {
-    FILE *logfp;
-    va_list ap;
-    struct timeval tv;
-    char tmpstr[2048];
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-
-    logfp = fopen_ (ladmin_log_filename, "a");
-    if (logfp)
-    {
-        if (fmt[0] == '\0')     // jump a line if no message
-            fprintf (logfp, "\n");
-        else
-        {
-            gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-            strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format, localtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-            sprintf (tmpstr + strlen (tmpstr), ".%03d: %s",
-                     (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000, fmt);
-            vfprintf (logfp, tmpstr, ap);
-        }
-        fclose_ (logfp);
-    }
-
-    va_end (ap);
-    return 0;
+    FILE *logfp = fopen_(ladmin_log_filename, "a");
+    if (!logfp)
+        return;
+    log_with_timestamp(logfp, line);
+    fclose_(logfp);
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------
 // Function to return ordonal text of a number.
 //---------------------------------------------
 static
-const char *makeordinal (int number)
+const char *makeordinal(int number)
 {
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
+    if ((number % 10) < 4 && (number % 10) != 0
+        && (number < 10 || number > 20))
     {
-        if (number == 0)
-            return "";
-        else if (number == 1)
-            return "er";
+        if ((number % 10) == 1)
+            return "st";
+        else if ((number % 10) == 2)
+            return "nd";
         else
-            return "ème";
+            return "rd";
     }
     else
     {
-        if ((number % 10) < 4 && (number % 10) != 0
-            && (number < 10 || number > 20))
-        {
-            if ((number % 10) == 1)
-                return "st";
-            else if ((number % 10) == 2)
-                return "nd";
-            else
-                return "rd";
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return "th";
-        }
+        return "th";
     }
-    return "";
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Function to test of the validity of an account name (return 0 if incorrect, and 1 if ok)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int verify_accountname (const char *account_name)
+int verify_accountname(const char *account_name)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; account_name[i]; i++)
     {
         if (account_name[i] < 32)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte (%d%s caractère).\n",
-                     i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte (%d%s caractère).\n",
-                      i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Illegal character found in the account name (%d%s character).\n",
-                     i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Illegal character found in the account name (%d%s character).\n",
-                      i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-            }
+            PRINTF("Illegal character found in the account name (%d%s character).\n",
+                 i + 1, makeordinal(i + 1));
+            LADMIN_LOG("Illegal character found in the account name (%d%s character).\n",
+                  i + 1, makeordinal(i + 1));
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    if (strlen (account_name) < 4)
+    if (strlen(account_name) < 4)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Nom du compte trop court. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nom du compte trop court. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (account_name) > 23)
+    if (strlen(account_name) > 23)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Nom du compte trop long. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nom du compte trop long. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Account name is too long. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Account name is too long. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Account name is too long. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Account name is too long. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -400,75 +311,39 @@ int verify_accountname (const char *account_name)
 // Sub-function: Input of a password
 //----------------------------------
 static
-int typepasswd (char *password)
+int typepasswd(char *password)
 {
     char password1[1023], password2[1023];
-    int  letter;
-    int  i;
+    int letter;
+    int i;
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Aucun mot de passe n'a été donné. Demande d'un mot de passe.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("No password was given. Request to obtain a password.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("No password was given. Request to obtain a password.\n");
 
-    memset (password1, '\0', sizeof (password1));
-    memset (password2, '\0', sizeof (password2));
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        printf ("\033[1;36m Entrez le mot de passe > \033[0;32;42m");
-    else
-        printf ("\033[1;36m Type the password > \033[0;32;42m");
+    memset(password1, '\0', sizeof(password1));
+    memset(password2, '\0', sizeof(password2));
+    PRINTF("\033[1;36m Type the password > \033[0;32;42m");
     i = 0;
-    while ((letter = getchar ()) != '\n')
+    while ((letter = getchar()) != '\n')
         password1[i++] = letter;
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        printf
-            ("\033[0m\033[1;36m Ré-entrez le mot de passe > \033[0;32;42m");
-    else
-        printf ("\033[0m\033[1;36m Verify the password > \033[0;32;42m");
+    PRINTF("\033[0m\033[1;36m Verify the password > \033[0;32;42m");
     i = 0;
-    while ((letter = getchar ()) != '\n')
+    while ((letter = getchar()) != '\n')
         password2[i++] = letter;
 
-    printf ("\033[0m");
-    fflush (stdout);
-    fflush (stdin);
+    PRINTF("\033[0m");
+    fflush(stdout);
+    fflush(stdin);
 
-    if (strcmp (password1, password2) != 0)
+    if (strcmp(password1, password2) != 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Erreur de vérification du mot de passe: Saisissez le même mot de passe svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Erreur de vérification du mot de passe: Saisissez le même mot de passe svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("  Premier mot de passe: %s, second mot de passe: %s.\n",
-                         password1, password2);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Password verification failed. Please input same password.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Password verification failed. Please input same password.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("  First password: %s, second password: %s.\n",
-                        password1, password2);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Password verification failed. Please input same password.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Password verification failed. Please input same password.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("  First password: %s, second password: %s.\n",
+                    password1, password2);
         return 0;
     }
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Mot de passe saisi: %s.\n", password1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Typed password: %s.\n", password1);
-    }
-    strcpy (password, password1);
+    LADMIN_LOG("Typed password: %s.\n", password1);
+    strcpy(password, password1);
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -476,71 +351,33 @@ int typepasswd (char *password)
 // Sub-function: Test of the validity of password (return 0 if incorrect, and 1 if ok)
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int verify_password (const char *password)
+int verify_password(const char *password)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; password[i]; i++)
     {
         if (password[i] < 32)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Caractère interdit trouvé dans le mot de passe (%d%s caractère).\n",
-                     i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte (%d%s caractère).\n",
-                      i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Illegal character found in the password (%d%s character).\n",
-                     i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Illegal character found in the password (%d%s character).\n",
-                      i + 1, makeordinal (i + 1));
-            }
+            PRINTF("Illegal character found in the password (%d%s character).\n",
+                 i + 1, makeordinal(i + 1));
+            LADMIN_LOG("Illegal character found in the password (%d%s character).\n",
+                  i + 1, makeordinal(i + 1));
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    if (strlen (password) < 4)
+    if (strlen(password) < 4)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Nom du compte trop court. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nom du compte trop court. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (password) > 23)
+    if (strlen(password) > 23)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Mot de passe trop long. Entrez un mot de passe de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Mot de passe trop long. Entrez un mot de passe de 4-23 caractères.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Password is too long. Please input a password of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Password is too long. Please input a password of 4-23 bytes.\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Password is too long. Please input a password of 4-23 bytes.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Password is too long. Please input a password of 4-23 bytes.\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -551,126 +388,122 @@ int verify_password (const char *password)
 // Sub-function: Check the name of a command (return complete name)
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int check_command (char *command)
+int check_command(char *command)
 {
 // help
-    if (strncmp (command, "aide", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "aide", strlen (command)) == 0)  // not 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-        strcpy (command, "aide");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "help", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "help", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "help");
+    if (strncmp(command, "help", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "help", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "help");
 // general commands
-    else if (strncmp (command, "add", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "add", strlen (command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-        strcpy (command, "add");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "ban", 3) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "ban", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || (strncmp (command, "banish", 4) == 0
-                 && strncmp (command, "banish", strlen (command)) == 0))
-        strcpy (command, "ban");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "banadd", 4) == 0 && strncmp (command, "banadd", strlen (command)) == 0) || // not 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'? 'banadd' or 'banset' ?
-             strcmp (command, "ba") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "banadd");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "banset", 4) == 0 && strncmp (command, "banset", strlen (command)) == 0) || // not 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'? 'banadd' or 'banset' ?
-             strcmp (command, "bs") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "banset");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "block", 2) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "block", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "block");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "check", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "check", strlen (command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-        strcpy (command, "check");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "create", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "create", strlen (command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-        strcpy (command, "create");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "delete", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "delete", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "delete");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "email", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "email", strlen (command)) == 0) ||   // not 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-             (strncmp (command, "e-mail", 2) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "e-mail", strlen (command)) == 0))
-        strcpy (command, "email");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "getcount", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "getcount", strlen (command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-        strcpy (command, "getcount");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "add", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "add", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "add");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "ban", 3) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "ban", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             ||(strncmp(command, "banish", 4) == 0
+                 && strncmp(command, "banish", strlen(command)) == 0))
+        strcpy(command, "ban");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "banadd", 4) == 0 && strncmp(command, "banadd", strlen(command)) == 0) || // not 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'? 'banadd' or 'banset' ?
+             strcmp(command, "ba") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "banadd");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "banset", 4) == 0 && strncmp(command, "banset", strlen(command)) == 0) || // not 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'? 'banadd' or 'banset' ?
+             strcmp(command, "bs") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "banset");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "block", 2) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "block", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "block");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "check", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "check", strlen(command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
+        strcpy(command, "check");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "create", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "create", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
+        strcpy(command, "create");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "delete", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "delete", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "delete");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "email", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "email", strlen(command)) == 0) ||   // not 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
+             (strncmp(command, "e-mail", 2) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "e-mail", strlen(command)) == 0))
+        strcpy(command, "email");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "getcount", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "getcount", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
+        strcpy(command, "getcount");
 //  else if (strncmp(command, "gm", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "gm", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
 //      strcpy(command, "gm");
 //  else if (strncmp(command, "id", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "id", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
 //      strcpy(command, "id");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "info", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "info", strlen (command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-        strcpy (command, "info");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "info", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "info", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
+        strcpy(command, "info");
 //  else if (strncmp(command, "kami", 4) == 0 && strncmp(command, "kami", strlen(command)) == 0) // only all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
 //      strcpy(command, "kami");
 //  else if (strncmp(command, "kamib", 5) == 0 && strncmp(command, "kamib", strlen(command)) == 0) // only all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
 //      strcpy(command, "kamib");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "language", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "language", strlen (command)) == 0))   // not 1 letter command: 'language' or 'list'?
-        strcpy (command, "language");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "list", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "list", strlen (command)) == 0) || // 'list' is default list command // not 1 letter command: 'language' or 'list'?
-             strcmp (command, "ls") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "list");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "itemfrob", 6) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "itemfrob");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "listban", 5) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "listban", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || (strncmp (command, "lsban", 3) == 0
-                 && strncmp (command, "lsban", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || strcmp (command, "lb") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "listban");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "listgm", 5) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "listgm", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || (strncmp (command, "lsgm", 3) == 0
-                 && strncmp (command, "lsgm", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || strcmp (command, "lg") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "listgm");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "listok", 5) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "listok", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || (strncmp (command, "lsok", 3) == 0
-                 && strncmp (command, "lsok", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || strcmp (command, "lo") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "listok");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "memo", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "memo", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "memo");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "name", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "name", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "name");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "password", 1) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "password", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || strcmp (command, "passwd") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "password");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "reloadgm", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "reloadgm", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "reloadgm");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "search", 3) == 0 && strncmp (command, "search", strlen (command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-        strcpy (command, "search"); // not 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "list", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "list", strlen(command)) == 0) || // 'list' is default list command
+             strcmp(command, "ls") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "list");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "itemfrob", 6) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "itemfrob");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "listban", 5) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "listban", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             ||(strncmp(command, "lsban", 3) == 0
+                 && strncmp(command, "lsban", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             || strcmp(command, "lb") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "listban");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "listgm", 5) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "listgm", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             ||(strncmp(command, "lsgm", 3) == 0
+                 && strncmp(command, "lsgm", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             || strcmp(command, "lg") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "listgm");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "listok", 5) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "listok", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             ||(strncmp(command, "lsok", 3) == 0
+                 && strncmp(command, "lsok", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             || strcmp(command, "lo") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "listok");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "memo", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "memo", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "memo");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "name", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "name", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "name");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "password", 1) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "password", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             || strcmp(command, "passwd") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "password");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "reloadgm", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "reloadgm", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "reloadgm");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "search", 3) == 0 && strncmp(command, "search", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
+        strcpy(command, "search"); // not 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
 //  else if (strncmp(command, "sex", 3) == 0 && strncmp(command, "sex", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
 //      strcpy(command, "sex"); // not 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-    else if (strncmp (command, "state", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "state", strlen (command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-        strcpy (command, "state");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "timeadd", 5) == 0 && strncmp (command, "timeadd", strlen (command)) == 0) ||   // not 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'? 'timeadd' or 'timeset'?
-             strcmp (command, "ta") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "timeadd");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "timeset", 5) == 0 && strncmp (command, "timeset", strlen (command)) == 0) ||   // not 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'? 'timeadd' or 'timeset'?
-             strcmp (command, "ts") == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "timeset");
-    else if ((strncmp (command, "unban", 5) == 0
-              && strncmp (command, "unban", strlen (command)) == 0)
-             || (strncmp (command, "unbanish", 4) == 0
-                 && strncmp (command, "unbanish", strlen (command)) == 0))
-        strcpy (command, "unban");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "unblock", 4) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "unblock", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "unblock");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "version", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "version", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "version");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "who", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "who", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "who");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "state", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "state", strlen(command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
+        strcpy(command, "state");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "timeadd", 5) == 0 && strncmp(command, "timeadd", strlen(command)) == 0) ||   // not 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'? 'timeadd' or 'timeset'?
+             strcmp(command, "ta") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "timeadd");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "timeset", 5) == 0 && strncmp(command, "timeset", strlen(command)) == 0) ||   // not 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'? 'timeadd' or 'timeset'?
+             strcmp(command, "ts") == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "timeset");
+    else if ((strncmp(command, "unban", 5) == 0
+              && strncmp(command, "unban", strlen(command)) == 0)
+             ||(strncmp(command, "unbanish", 4) == 0
+                 && strncmp(command, "unbanish", strlen(command)) == 0))
+        strcpy(command, "unban");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "unblock", 4) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "unblock", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "unblock");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "version", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "version", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "version");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "who", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "who", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "who");
 // quit
-    else if (strncmp (command, "quit", 1) == 0
-             && strncmp (command, "quit", strlen (command)) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "quit");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "exit", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "exit", strlen (command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-        strcpy (command, "exit");
-    else if (strncmp (command, "end", 2) == 0 && strncmp (command, "end", strlen (command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-        strcpy (command, "end");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "quit", 1) == 0
+             && strncmp(command, "quit", strlen(command)) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "quit");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "exit", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "exit", strlen(command)) == 0) // not 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
+        strcpy(command, "exit");
+    else if (strncmp(command, "end", 2) == 0 && strncmp(command, "end", strlen(command)) == 0)   // not 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
+        strcpy(command, "end");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -679,859 +512,342 @@ int check_command (char *command)
 // Sub-function: Display commands of ladmin
 //-----------------------------------------
 static
-void display_help (const char *param, int language)
+void display_help(const char *param)
 {
     char command[1023];
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    memset (command, '\0', sizeof (command));
+    memset(command, '\0', sizeof(command));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "%s ", command) < 1 || strlen (command) == 0)
-        strcpy (command, "");   // any value that is not a command
+    if (sscanf(param, "%s ", command) < 1 || strlen(command) == 0)
+        strcpy(command, "");   // any value that is not a command
 
     if (command[0] == '?')
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            strcpy (command, "aide");
-        else
-            strcpy (command, "help");
+        strcpy(command, "help");
     }
 
     // lowercase for command
     for (i = 0; command[i]; i++)
-        command[i] = tolower (command[i]);
+        command[i] = tolower(command[i]);
 
     // Analyse of the command
-    check_command (command);    // give complete name to the command
+    check_command(command);    // give complete name to the command
+
+    LADMIN_LOG("Displaying of the commands or a command.\n");
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
+    if (strcmp(command, "help") == 0)
     {
-        ladmin_log ("Affichage des commandes ou d'une commande.\n");
+        PRINTF("help/?\n");
+        PRINTF("  Display the description of the commands\n");
+        PRINTF("help/? [command]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Display the description of the specified command\n");
+// general commands
     }
-    else
+    else if (strcmp(command, "add") == 0)
     {
-        ladmin_log ("Displaying of the commands or a command.\n");
+        PRINTF("add <account_name> <sex> <password>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Create an account with the default email (a@a.com).\n");
+        PRINTF("  Concerning the sex, only the first letter is used (F or M).\n");
+        PRINTF("  The e-mail is set to a@a.com (default e-mail). It's like to have no e-mail.\n");
+        PRINTF("  When the password is omitted,\n");
+        PRINTF("  the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> add testname Male testpass\n");
     }
-
-    if (language == 1)
+    else if (strcmp(command, "ban") == 0)
     {
-        if (strcmp (command, "aide") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("aide/help/?\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche la description des commandes\n");
-            printf ("aide/help/? [commande]\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche la description de la commande specifiée\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "help") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("aide/help/?\n");
-            printf ("  Display the description of the commands\n");
-            printf ("aide/help/? [command]\n");
-            printf ("  Display the description of the specified command\n");
-// general commands
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "add") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("add <nomcompte> <sexe> <motdepasse>\n");
-            printf ("  Crée un compte avec l'email par défaut (a@a.com).\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Concernant le sexe, seule la première lettre compte (F ou M).\n");
-            printf
-                ("  L'e-mail est a@a.com (e-mail par défaut). C'est comme n'avoir aucun e-mail.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Lorsque motdepasse est omis, la saisie se fait sans que la frappe se voit.\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> add testname Male testpass\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "ban") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("  Change la date de fin de bannissement d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  Comme banset, mais <nom compte> est à la fin.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "banadd") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("banadd <nomcompte> <Modificateur>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Ajoute ou soustrait du temps à la date de banissement d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  Les modificateurs sont construits comme suit:\n");
-            printf ("    Valeur d'ajustement (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("    Elément modifié:\n");
-            printf ("      a ou y: année\n");
-            printf ("      m:      mois\n");
-            printf ("      j ou d: jour\n");
-            printf ("      h:      heure\n");
-            printf ("      mn:     minute\n");
-            printf ("      s:      seconde\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6a\n");
-            printf
-                ("            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et une seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n");
-            printf
-                ("NOTE: Si vous modifez la date de banissement d'un compte non bani,\n");
-            printf
-                ("      vous indiquez comme date (le moment actuel +- les ajustements)\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "banset") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("banset <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf ("  Change la date de fin de bannissement d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            printf ("banset <nomcompte> 0\n");
-            printf ("  Débanni un compte (0 = de-banni).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "block") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("block <nom compte>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Place le status d'un compte à 5 (You have been blocked by the GM Team).\n");
-            printf
-                ("  La commande est l'équivalent de state <nom_compte> 5.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "check") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("check <nomcompte> <motdepasse>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Vérifie la validité d'un mot de passe pour un compte\n");
-            printf ("  NOTE: Le serveur n'enverra jamais un mot de passe.\n");
-            printf
-                ("        C'est la seule méthode que vous possédez pour savoir\n");
-            printf
-                ("        si un mot de passe est le bon. L'autre méthode est\n");
-            printf
-                ("        d'avoir un accès ('physique') au fichier des comptes.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "create") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("create <nomcompte> <sexe> <email> <motdepasse>\n");
-            printf ("  Comme la commande add, mais avec l'e-mail en plus.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  <exemple> create testname Male mon@mail.com testpass\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "delete") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("del <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("  Supprime un compte.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  La commande demande confirmation. Après confirmation, le compte est détruit.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "email") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("email <nomcompte> <email>\n");
-            printf ("  Modifie l'e-mail d'un compte.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "getcount") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("getcount\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Donne le nombre de joueurs en ligne par serveur de char.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "gm") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("gm <nomcompte> [Niveau_GM]\n");
-            printf ("  Modifie le niveau de GM d'un compte.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Valeur par défaut: 0 (suppression du niveau de GM).\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> gm nomtest 80\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "id") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("id <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("  Donne l'id d'un compte.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "info") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("info <idcompte>\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche les informations sur un compte.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "kami") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("kami <message>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Envoi un message général sur tous les serveurs de map (en jaune).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "kamib") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("kamib <message>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Envoi un message général sur tous les serveurs de map (en bleu).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "language") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("language <langue>\n");
-            printf ("  Change la langue d'affichage.\n");
-            printf ("  Langues possibles: 'Français' ou 'English'.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "list") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("list/ls [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche une liste de comptes.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  'Premier_id', 'Dernier_id': indique les identifiants de départ et de fin.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  La recherche par nom n'est pas possible avec cette commande.\n");
-            printf ("  <example> list 10 9999999\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "itemfrob") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("Not localised yet.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listban") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("listBan/lsBan [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Comme list/ls, mais seulement pour les comptes avec statut ou bannis.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listgm") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("listGM/lsGM [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n");
-            printf ("  Comme list/ls, mais seulement pour les comptes GM.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listok") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("listOK/lsOK [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Comme list/ls, mais seulement pour les comptes sans statut et non bannis.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "memo") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("memo <nomcompte> <memo>\n");
-            printf ("  Modifie le mémo d'un compte.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  'memo': Il peut avoir jusqu'à 253 caractères (avec des espaces ou non).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "name") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("name <idcompte>\n");
-            printf ("  Donne le nom d'un compte.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "password") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("passwd <nomcompte> <nouveaumotdepasse>\n");
-            printf ("  Change le mot de passe d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  Lorsque nouveaumotdepasse est omis,\n");
-            printf ("  la saisie se fait sans que la frappe ne se voit.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "reloadgm") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("reloadGM\n");
-            printf ("  Reload GM configuration file\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "search") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("search <expression>\n");
-            printf ("  Cherche des comptes.\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche les comptes dont les noms correspondent.\n");
-//          printf("search -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression>\n");
-//          printf("  Cherche des comptes par expression regulière.\n");
-//          printf("  Affiche les comptes dont les noms correspondent.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "sex") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("sex <nomcompte> <sexe>\n");
-            printf ("  Modifie le sexe d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> sex testname Male\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "state") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("state <nomcompte> <nouveaustatut> <message_erreur_7>\n");
-            printf ("  Change le statut d'un compte.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  'nouveaustatut': Le statut est le même que celui du packet 0x006a + 1.\n");
-            printf ("               les possibilités sont:\n");
-            printf ("               0 = Compte ok\n");
-            printf ("               1 = Unregistered ID\n");
-            printf ("               2 = Incorrect Password\n");
-            printf ("               3 = This ID is expired\n");
-            printf ("               4 = Rejected from Server\n");
-            printf
-                ("               5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n");
-            printf
-                ("               6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n");
-            printf
-                ("               7 = You are Prohibited to log in until...\n");
-            printf
-                ("               8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n");
-            printf ("               9 = No MSG\n");
-            printf ("               100 = This ID has been totally erased\n");
-            printf
-                ("               all other values are 'No MSG', then use state 9 please.\n");
-            printf ("  'message_erreur_7': message du code erreur 6 =\n");
-            printf
-                ("                      = Your are Prohibited to log in until... (packet 0x006a)\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "timeadd") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("timeadd <nomcompte> <modificateur>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Ajoute/soustrait du temps à la limite de validité d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  Le modificateur est composé comme suit:\n");
-            printf ("    Valeur modificatrice (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("    Elément modifié:\n");
-            printf ("      a ou y: année\n");
-            printf ("      m:      mois\n");
-            printf ("      j ou d: jour\n");
-            printf ("      h:      heure\n");
-            printf ("      mn:     minute\n");
-            printf ("      s:      seconde\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6a\n");
-            printf
-                ("            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et une seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n");
-            printf
-                ("NOTE: Vous ne pouvez pas modifier une limite de validité illimitée. Si vous\n");
-            printf
-                ("      désirez le faire, c'est que vous voulez probablement créer un limite de\n");
-            printf
-                ("      validité limitée. Donc, en premier, fixé une limite de valitidé.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "timeadd") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("timeset <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf ("  Change la limite de validité d'un compte.\n");
-            printf ("  Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            printf ("timeset <nomcompte> 0\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Donne une limite de validité illimitée (0 = illimitée).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "unban") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("unban/unbanish <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("  Ote le banissement d'un compte.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  La commande est l'équivalent de banset <nom_compte> 0.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "unblock") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("unblock <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("  Place le status d'un compte à 0 (Compte ok).\n");
-            printf
-                ("  La commande est l'équivalent de state <nom_compte> 0.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "version") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("version\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche la version du login-serveur.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "who") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("who <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("  Affiche les informations sur un compte.\n");
+        PRINTF("ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Like banset, but <account name> is at end.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "banadd") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("banadd <account_name> <modifier>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Adds or substracts time from the final date of a banishment of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modifier is done as follows:\n");
+        PRINTF("    Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
+        PRINTF("    Modified element:\n");
+        PRINTF("      a or y: year\n");
+        PRINTF("      m:  month\n");
+        PRINTF("      j or d: day\n");
+        PRINTF("      h:  hour\n");
+        PRINTF("      mn: minute\n");
+        PRINTF("      s:  second\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
+        PRINTF("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
+        PRINTF("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
+        PRINTF("NOTE: If you modify the final date of a non-banished account,\n");
+        PRINTF("      you fix the final date to (actual time +- adjustments)\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "banset") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
+        PRINTF("banset <account_name> 0\n");
+        PRINTF("  Set a non-banished account (0 = unbanished).\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "block") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("block <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Set state 5 (You have been blocked by the GM Team) to an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  This command works like state <account_name> 5.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "check") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("check <account_name> <password>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Check the validity of a password for an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  NOTE: Server will never sends back a password.\n");
+        PRINTF("        It's the only method you have to know if a password is correct.\n");
+        PRINTF("        The other method is to have a ('physical') access to the accounts file.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "create") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("create <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Like the 'add' command, but with e-mail moreover.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> create testname Male my@mail.com testpass\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "delete") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("del <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Remove an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  This order requires confirmation. After confirmation, the account is deleted.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "email") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("email <account_name> <email>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modify the e-mail of an account.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "getcount") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("getcount\n");
+        PRINTF("  Give the number of players online on all char-servers.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "gm") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("gm <account_name> [GM_level]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modify the GM level of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Default value remove GM level (GM level = 0).\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> gm testname 80\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "id") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("id <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Give the id of an account.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "info") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("info <account_id>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Display complete information of an account.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "kami") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("kami <message>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in yellow).\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "kamib") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("kamib <message>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "list") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("list/ls [start_id [end_id]]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Display a list of accounts.\n");
+        PRINTF("  'start_id', 'end_id': indicate end and start identifiers.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Research by name is not possible with this command.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> list 10 9999999\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "itemfrob") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("itemfrob <source-id> <dest-id>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Translates item IDs for all accounts.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Any items matching the source item ID will be mapped to the dest-id.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> itemfrob 500 700\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "listban") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("listBan/lsBan [start_id [end_id]]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Like list/ls, but only for accounts with state or banished.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "listgm") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("listGM/lsGM [start_id [end_id]]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Like list/ls, but only for GM accounts.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "listok") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("listOK/lsOK [start_id [end_id]]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Like list/ls, but only for accounts without state and not banished.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "memo") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("memo <account_name> <memo>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modify the memo of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  'memo': it can have until 253 characters (with spaces or not).\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "name") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("name <account_id>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Give the name of an account.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "password") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("passwd <account_name> <new_password>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Change the password of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  When new password is omitted,\n");
+        PRINTF("  the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "reloadgm") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("reloadGM\n");
+        PRINTF("  Reload GM configuration file\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "search") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("search <expression>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Seek accounts.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Displays the accounts whose names correspond.\n");
+//          PRINTF("search -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression>\n");
+//          PRINTF("  Seek accounts by regular expression.\n");
+//          PRINTF("  Displays the accounts whose names correspond.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "sex") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("sex <account_name> <sex>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modify the sex of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> sex testname Male\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "state") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Change the state of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  'new_state': state is the state of the packet 0x006a + 1.\n");
+        PRINTF("               The possibilities are:\n");
+        PRINTF("               0 = Account ok\n");
+        PRINTF("               1 = Unregistered ID\n");
+        PRINTF("               2 = Incorrect Password\n");
+        PRINTF("               3 = This ID is expired\n");
+        PRINTF("               4 = Rejected from Server\n");
+        PRINTF("               5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n");
+        PRINTF("               6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n");
+        PRINTF("               7 = You are Prohibited to log in until...\n");
+        PRINTF("               8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n");
+        PRINTF("               9 = No MSG\n");
+        PRINTF("               100 = This ID has been totally erased\n");
+        PRINTF("               all other values are 'No MSG', then use state 9 please.\n");
+        PRINTF("  'error_message_#7': message of the code error 6\n");
+        PRINTF("                      = Your are Prohibited to log in until... (packet 0x006a)\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "timeadd") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("timeadd <account_name> <modifier>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Adds or substracts time from the validity limit of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modifier is done as follows:\n");
+        PRINTF("    Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
+        PRINTF("    Modified element:\n");
+        PRINTF("      a or y: year\n");
+        PRINTF("      m:  month\n");
+        PRINTF("      j or d: day\n");
+        PRINTF("      h:  hour\n");
+        PRINTF("      mn: minute\n");
+        PRINTF("      s:  second\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
+        PRINTF("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
+        PRINTF("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
+        PRINTF("NOTE: You can not modify a unlimited validity limit.\n");
+        PRINTF("      If you want modify it, you want probably create a limited validity limit.\n");
+        PRINTF("      So, at first, you must set the validity limit to a date/time.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "timeadd") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
+        PRINTF("  Changes the validity limit of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
+        PRINTF("timeset <account_name> 0\n");
+        PRINTF("  Gives an unlimited validity limit (0 = unlimited).\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "unban") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Remove the banishment of an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  This command works like banset <account_name> 0.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "unblock") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("unblock <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account.\n");
+        PRINTF("  This command works like state <account_name> 0.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "version") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("version\n");
+        PRINTF("  Display the version of the login-server.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "who") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("who <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("  Displays complete information of an account.\n");
 // quit
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "quit") == 0 ||
-                 strcmp (command, "exit") == 0 ||
-                 strcmp (command, "end") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("quit/end/exit\n");
-            printf ("  Fin du programme d'administration.\n");
+    }
+    else if (strcmp(command, "quit") == 0 ||
+             strcmp(command, "exit") == 0 ||
+             strcmp(command, "end") == 0)
+    {
+        PRINTF("quit/end/exit\n");
+        PRINTF("  End of the program of administration.\n");
 // unknown command
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (strlen (command) > 0)
-                printf
-                    ("Commande inconnue [%s] pour l'aide. Affichage de toutes les commandes.\n",
-                     command);
-            printf
-                (" aide/help/?                             -- Affiche cet aide\n");
-            printf
-                (" aide/help/? [commande]                  -- Affiche l'aide de la commande\n");
-            printf
-                (" add <nomcompte> <sexe> <motdepasse>     -- Crée un compte (sans email)\n");
-            printf
-                (" ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nom compte> -- Fixe la date finale de banismnt\n");
-            printf
-                (" banadd/ba <nomcompte> <modificateur>    -- Ajout/soustrait du temps à la\n");
-            printf
-                ("   exemple: ba moncompte +1m-2mn1s-2y       date finale de banissement\n");
-            printf
-                (" banset/bs <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss] -- Change la date fin de banisemnt\n");
-            printf
-                (" banset/bs <nomcompte> 0                 -- Dé-banis un compte.\n");
-            printf
-                (" block <nom compte>  -- Mets le status d'un compte à 5 (blocked by the GM Team)\n");
-            printf
-                (" check <nomcompte> <motdepasse>          -- Vérifie un mot de passe d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" create <nomcompte> <sexe> <email> <motdepasse> -- Crée un compte (avec email)\n");
-            printf
-                (" del <nom compte>                        -- Supprime un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" email <nomcompte> <email>               -- Modifie l'e-mail d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" getcount                                -- Donne le nb de joueurs en ligne\n");
-            printf
-                ("  gm <nomcompte> [Niveau_GM]              -- Modifie le niveau de GM d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" id <nom compte>                         -- Donne l'id d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" info <idcompte>                         -- Affiche les infos sur un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" kami <message>                          -- Envoi un message général (en jaune)\n");
-            printf
-                (" kamib <message>                         -- Envoi un message général (en bleu)\n");
-            printf
-                (" language <langue>                       -- Change la langue d'affichage.\n");
-            printf
-                (" list/ls [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]      -- Affiche une liste de comptes\n");
-            printf
-                (" listBan/lsBan [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ] -- Affiche une liste de comptes\n");
-            printf
-                ("                                             avec un statut ou bannis\n");
-            printf
-                (" listGM/lsGM [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]  -- Affiche une liste de comptes GM\n");
-            printf
-                (" listOK/lsOK [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]  -- Affiche une liste de comptes\n");
-            printf
-                ("                                            sans status et non bannis\n");
-            printf
-                (" memo <nomcompte> <memo>                 -- Modifie le memo d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" name <idcompte>                         -- Donne le nom d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" passwd <nomcompte> <nouveaumotdepasse>  -- Change le mot de passe d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" quit/end/exit                           -- Fin du programme d'administation\n");
-            printf
-                (" reloadGM                              -- Recharger le fichier de config des GM\n");
-            printf
-                (" search <expression>                     -- Cherche des comptes\n");
-//          printf(" search -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expression> -- Cherche des comptes par REGEX\n");
-            printf
-                (" sex <nomcompte> <sexe>                  -- Modifie le sexe d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" state <nomcompte> <nouveaustatut> <messageerr7> -- Change le statut d'1 compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" timeadd/ta <nomcompte> <modificateur>   -- Ajout/soustrait du temps à la\n");
-            printf
-                ("   exemple: ta moncompte +1m-2mn1s-2y       limite de validité\n");
-            printf
-                (" timeset/ts <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss] -- Change la limite de validité\n");
-            printf
-                (" timeset/ts <nomcompte> 0                -- limite de validité = illimitée\n");
-            printf
-                (" unban/unbanish <nom compte>             -- Ote le banissement d'un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" unblock <nom compte>             -- Mets le status d'un compte à 0 (Compte ok)\n");
-            printf
-                (" version                                 -- Donne la version du login-serveur\n");
-            printf
-                (" who <nom compte>                        -- Affiche les infos sur un compte\n");
-            printf
-                (" Note: Pour les noms de compte avec des espaces, tapez \"<nom compte>\" (ou ').\n");
-        }
     }
     else
     {
-        if (strcmp (command, "aide") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("aide/help/?\n");
-            printf ("  Display the description of the commands\n");
-            printf ("aide/help/? [command]\n");
-            printf ("  Display the description of the specified command\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "help") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("aide/help/?\n");
-            printf ("  Display the description of the commands\n");
-            printf ("aide/help/? [command]\n");
-            printf ("  Display the description of the specified command\n");
-// general commands
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "add") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("add <account_name> <sex> <password>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Create an account with the default email (a@a.com).\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Concerning the sex, only the first letter is used (F or M).\n");
-            printf
-                ("  The e-mail is set to a@a.com (default e-mail). It's like to have no e-mail.\n");
-            printf ("  When the password is omitted,\n");
-            printf
-                ("  the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.\n");
-            printf ("  <example> add testname Male testpass\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "ban") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  Like banset, but <account name> is at end.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "banadd") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("banadd <account_name> <modifier>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Adds or substracts time from the final date of a banishment of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  Modifier is done as follows:\n");
-            printf ("    Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("    Modified element:\n");
-            printf ("      a or y: year\n");
-            printf ("      m:  month\n");
-            printf ("      j or d: day\n");
-            printf ("      h:  hour\n");
-            printf ("      mn: minute\n");
-            printf ("      s:  second\n");
-            printf ("  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
-            printf
-                ("NOTE: If you modify the final date of a non-banished account,\n");
-            printf
-                ("      you fix the final date to (actual time +- adjustments)\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "banset") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            printf ("banset <account_name> 0\n");
-            printf ("  Set a non-banished account (0 = unbanished).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "block") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("block <account name>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Set state 5 (You have been blocked by the GM Team) to an account.\n");
-            printf ("  This command works like state <account_name> 5.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "check") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("check <account_name> <password>\n");
-            printf ("  Check the validity of a password for an account.\n");
-            printf ("  NOTE: Server will never sends back a password.\n");
-            printf
-                ("        It's the only method you have to know if a password is correct.\n");
-            printf
-                ("        The other method is to have a ('physical') access to the accounts file.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "create") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("create <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>\n");
-            printf ("  Like the 'add' command, but with e-mail moreover.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  <example> create testname Male my@mail.com testpass\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "delete") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("del <account name>\n");
-            printf ("  Remove an account.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  This order requires confirmation. After confirmation, the account is deleted.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "email") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("email <account_name> <email>\n");
-            printf ("  Modify the e-mail of an account.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "getcount") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("getcount\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Give the number of players online on all char-servers.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "gm") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("gm <account_name> [GM_level]\n");
-            printf ("  Modify the GM level of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  Default value remove GM level (GM level = 0).\n");
-            printf ("  <example> gm testname 80\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "id") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("id <account name>\n");
-            printf ("  Give the id of an account.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "info") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("info <account_id>\n");
-            printf ("  Display complete information of an account.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "kami") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("kami <message>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in yellow).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "kamib") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("kamib <message>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "language") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("language <language>\n");
-            printf ("  Change the language of displaying.\n");
-            printf ("  Possible languages: Français or English.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "list") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("list/ls [start_id [end_id]]\n");
-            printf ("  Display a list of accounts.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  'start_id', 'end_id': indicate end and start identifiers.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Research by name is not possible with this command.\n");
-            printf ("  <example> list 10 9999999\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "itemfrob") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("itemfrob <source-id> <dest-id>\n");
-            printf ("  Translates item IDs for all accounts.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Any items matching the source item ID will be mapped to the dest-id.\n");
-            printf ("  <example> itemfrob 500 700\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listban") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("listBan/lsBan [start_id [end_id]]\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Like list/ls, but only for accounts with state or banished.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listgm") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("listGM/lsGM [start_id [end_id]]\n");
-            printf ("  Like list/ls, but only for GM accounts.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listok") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("listOK/lsOK [start_id [end_id]]\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Like list/ls, but only for accounts without state and not banished.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "memo") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("memo <account_name> <memo>\n");
-            printf ("  Modify the memo of an account.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  'memo': it can have until 253 characters (with spaces or not).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "name") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("name <account_id>\n");
-            printf ("  Give the name of an account.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "password") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("passwd <account_name> <new_password>\n");
-            printf ("  Change the password of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  When new password is omitted,\n");
-            printf
-                ("  the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "reloadgm") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("reloadGM\n");
-            printf ("  Reload GM configuration file\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "search") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("search <expression>\n");
-            printf ("  Seek accounts.\n");
-            printf ("  Displays the accounts whose names correspond.\n");
-//          printf("search -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression>\n");
-//          printf("  Seek accounts by regular expression.\n");
-//          printf("  Displays the accounts whose names correspond.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "sex") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("sex <account_name> <sex>\n");
-            printf ("  Modify the sex of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  <example> sex testname Male\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "state") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>\n");
-            printf ("  Change the state of an account.\n");
-            printf
-                ("  'new_state': state is the state of the packet 0x006a + 1.\n");
-            printf ("               The possibilities are:\n");
-            printf ("               0 = Account ok\n");
-            printf ("               1 = Unregistered ID\n");
-            printf ("               2 = Incorrect Password\n");
-            printf ("               3 = This ID is expired\n");
-            printf ("               4 = Rejected from Server\n");
-            printf
-                ("               5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n");
-            printf
-                ("               6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n");
-            printf
-                ("               7 = You are Prohibited to log in until...\n");
-            printf
-                ("               8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n");
-            printf ("               9 = No MSG\n");
-            printf ("               100 = This ID has been totally erased\n");
-            printf
-                ("               all other values are 'No MSG', then use state 9 please.\n");
-            printf ("  'error_message_#7': message of the code error 6\n");
-            printf
-                ("                      = Your are Prohibited to log in until... (packet 0x006a)\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "timeadd") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("timeadd <account_name> <modifier>\n");
-            printf
-                ("  Adds or substracts time from the validity limit of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  Modifier is done as follows:\n");
-            printf ("    Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("    Modified element:\n");
-            printf ("      a or y: year\n");
-            printf ("      m:  month\n");
-            printf ("      j or d: day\n");
-            printf ("      h:  hour\n");
-            printf ("      mn: minute\n");
-            printf ("      s:  second\n");
-            printf ("  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
-            printf ("NOTE: You can not modify a unlimited validity limit.\n");
-            printf
-                ("      If you want modify it, you want probably create a limited validity limit.\n");
-            printf
-                ("      So, at first, you must set the validity limit to a date/time.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "timeadd") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf ("  Changes the validity limit of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            printf ("timeset <account_name> 0\n");
-            printf ("  Gives an unlimited validity limit (0 = unlimited).\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "unban") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
-            printf ("  Remove the banishment of an account.\n");
-            printf ("  This command works like banset <account_name> 0.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "unblock") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("unblock <account name>\n");
-            printf ("  Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account.\n");
-            printf ("  This command works like state <account_name> 0.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "version") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("version\n");
-            printf ("  Display the version of the login-server.\n");
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "who") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("who <account name>\n");
-            printf ("  Displays complete information of an account.\n");
-// quit
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "quit") == 0 ||
-                 strcmp (command, "exit") == 0 ||
-                 strcmp (command, "end") == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("quit/end/exit\n");
-            printf ("  End of the program of administration.\n");
-// unknown command
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (strlen (command) > 0)
-                printf
-                    ("Unknown command [%s] for help. Displaying of all commands.\n",
-                     command);
-            printf
-                (" aide/help/?                          -- Display this help\n");
-            printf
-                (" aide/help/? [command]                -- Display the help of the command\n");
-            printf
-                (" add <account_name> <sex> <password>  -- Create an account with default email\n");
-            printf
-                (" ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name> -- Change final date of a ban\n");
-            printf
-                (" banadd/ba <account_name> <modifier>  -- Add or substract time from the final\n");
-            printf
-                ("   example: ba apple +1m-2mn1s-2y        date of a banishment of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" banset/bs <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss] -- Change final date of a ban\n");
-            printf
-                (" banset/bs <account_name> 0           -- Un-banish an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" block <account name>     -- Set state 5 (blocked by the GM Team) to an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" check <account_name> <password>      -- Check the validity of a password\n");
-            printf
-                (" create <account_name> <sex> <email> <passwrd> -- Create an account with email\n");
-            printf
-                (" del <account name>                   -- Remove an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" email <account_name> <email>         -- Modify an email of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" getcount                             -- Give the number of players online\n");
-            printf
-                (" gm <account_name> [GM_level]         -- Modify the GM level of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" id <account name>                    -- Give the id of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" info <account_id>                    -- Display all information of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" itemfrob <source-id> <dest-id>       -- Map all items from one item ID to another\n");
-            printf
-                (" kami <message>                       -- Sends a broadcast message (in yellow)\n");
-            printf
-                (" kamib <message>                      -- Sends a broadcast message (in blue)\n");
-            printf
-                (" language <language>                  -- Change the language of displaying.\n");
-            printf
-                (" list/ls [First_id [Last_id]]         -- Display a list of accounts\n");
-            printf
-                (" listBan/lsBan [First_id [Last_id] ]  -- Display a list of accounts\n");
-            printf
-                ("                                         with state or banished\n");
-            printf
-                (" listGM/lsGM [First_id [Last_id]]     -- Display a list of GM accounts\n");
-            printf
-                (" listOK/lsOK [First_id [Last_id] ]    -- Display a list of accounts\n");
-            printf
-                ("                                         without state and not banished\n");
-            printf
-                (" memo <account_name> <memo>           -- Modify the memo of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" name <account_id>                    -- Give the name of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" passwd <account_name> <new_password> -- Change the password of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" quit/end/exit                        -- End of the program of administation\n");
-            printf
-                (" reloadGM                             -- Reload GM configuration file\n");
-            printf
-                (" search <expression>                  -- Seek accounts\n");
-//          printf(" search -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expressn> -- Seek accounts by regular-expression\n");
-            printf
-                (" sex <nomcompte> <sexe>               -- Modify the sex of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7> -- Change the state\n");
-            printf
-                (" timeadd/ta <account_name> <modifier> -- Add or substract time from the\n");
-            printf
-                ("   example: ta apple +1m-2mn1s-2y        validity limit of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" timeset/ts <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss] -- Change the validify limit\n");
-            printf
-                (" timeset/ts <account_name> 0          -- Give a unlimited validity limit\n");
-            printf
-                (" unban/unbanish <account name>        -- Remove the banishment of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" unblock <account name>               -- Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" version                              -- Gives the version of the login-server\n");
-            printf
-                (" who <account name>                   -- Display all information of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" who <account name>                   -- Display all information of an account\n");
-            printf
-                (" Note: To use spaces in an account name, type \"<account name>\" (or ').\n");
-        }
+        if (strlen(command) > 0)
+            PRINTF("Unknown command [%s] for help. Displaying of all commands.\n",
+                 command);
+        PRINTF(" help/?                          -- Display this help\n");
+        PRINTF(" help/? [command]                -- Display the help of the command\n");
+        PRINTF(" add <account_name> <sex> <password>  -- Create an account with default email\n");
+        PRINTF(" ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name> -- Change final date of a ban\n");
+        PRINTF(" banadd/ba <account_name> <modifier>  -- Add or substract time from the final\n");
+        PRINTF("   example: ba apple +1m-2mn1s-2y        date of a banishment of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" banset/bs <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss] -- Change final date of a ban\n");
+        PRINTF(" banset/bs <account_name> 0           -- Un-banish an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" block <account name>     -- Set state 5 (blocked by the GM Team) to an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" check <account_name> <password>      -- Check the validity of a password\n");
+        PRINTF(" create <account_name> <sex> <email> <passwrd> -- Create an account with email\n");
+        PRINTF(" del <account name>                   -- Remove an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" email <account_name> <email>         -- Modify an email of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" getcount                             -- Give the number of players online\n");
+        PRINTF(" gm <account_name> [GM_level]         -- Modify the GM level of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" id <account name>                    -- Give the id of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" info <account_id>                    -- Display all information of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" itemfrob <source-id> <dest-id>       -- Map all items from one item ID to another\n");
+        PRINTF(" kami <message>                       -- Sends a broadcast message (in yellow)\n");
+        PRINTF(" kamib <message>                      -- Sends a broadcast message (in blue)\n");
+        PRINTF(" list/ls [First_id [Last_id]]         -- Display a list of accounts\n");
+        PRINTF(" listBan/lsBan [First_id [Last_id] ]  -- Display a list of accounts\n");
+        PRINTF("                                         with state or banished\n");
+        PRINTF(" listGM/lsGM [First_id [Last_id]]     -- Display a list of GM accounts\n");
+        PRINTF(" listOK/lsOK [First_id [Last_id] ]    -- Display a list of accounts\n");
+        PRINTF("                                         without state and not banished\n");
+        PRINTF(" memo <account_name> <memo>           -- Modify the memo of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" name <account_id>                    -- Give the name of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" passwd <account_name> <new_password> -- Change the password of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" quit/end/exit                        -- End of the program of administation\n");
+        PRINTF(" reloadGM                             -- Reload GM configuration file\n");
+        PRINTF(" search <expression>                  -- Seek accounts\n");
+//          PRINTF(" search -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expressn> -- Seek accounts by regular-expression\n");
+        PRINTF(" sex <nomcompte> <sexe>               -- Modify the sex of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7> -- Change the state\n");
+        PRINTF(" timeadd/ta <account_name> <modifier> -- Add or substract time from the\n");
+        PRINTF("   example: ta apple +1m-2mn1s-2y        validity limit of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" timeset/ts <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss] -- Change the validify limit\n");
+        PRINTF(" timeset/ts <account_name> 0          -- Give a unlimited validity limit\n");
+        PRINTF(" unban/unbanish <account name>        -- Remove the banishment of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" unblock <account name>               -- Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" version                              -- Gives the version of the login-server\n");
+        PRINTF(" who <account name>                   -- Display all information of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" who <account name>                   -- Display all information of an account\n");
+        PRINTF(" Note: To use spaces in an account name, type \"<account name>\" (or ').\n");
     }
 }
 
@@ -1539,191 +855,97 @@ void display_help (const char *param, int language)
 // Sub-function: add an account
 //-----------------------------
 static
-int addaccount (const char *param, int emailflag)
+int addaccount(const char *param, int emailflag)
 {
     char name[1023], sex[1023], email[1023], password[1023];
 //  int i;
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (sex, '\0', sizeof (sex));
-    memset (email, '\0', sizeof (email));
-    memset (password, '\0', sizeof (password));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(sex, '\0', sizeof(sex));
+    memset(email, '\0', sizeof(email));
+    memset(password, '\0', sizeof(password));
 
     if (emailflag == 0)
     {                           // add command
-        if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, password) < 2 &&    // password can be void
-            sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, password) < 2 &&   // password can be void
-            sscanf (param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, password) < 2)
+        if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, password) < 2 &&    // password can be void
+            sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, password) < 2 &&   // password can be void
+            sscanf(param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, password) < 2)
         {                       // password can be void
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez un nom de compte, un sexe et un mot de passe svp.\n");
-                printf ("<exemple> add nomtest Male motdepassetest\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour créer un compte (commande 'add').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please input an account name, a sex and a password.\n");
-                printf ("<example> add testname Male testpass\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Incomplete parameters to create an account ('add' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please input an account name, a sex and a password.\n");
+            PRINTF("<example> add testname Male testpass\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to create an account ('add' command).\n");
             return 136;
         }
-        strcpy (email, "a@a.com");  // default email
+        strcpy(email, "a@a.com");  // default email
     }
     else
     {                           // 1: create command
-        if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, email, password) < 3 &&  // password can be void
-            sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, email, password) < 3 && // password can be void
-            sscanf (param, "%s %s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, email,
+        if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, email, password) < 3 &&  // password can be void
+            sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, email, password) < 3 && // password can be void
+            sscanf(param, "%s %s %s %[^\r\n]", name, sex, email,
                     password) < 3)
         {                       // password can be void
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez un nom de compte, un sexe et un mot de passe svp.\n");
-                printf
-                    ("<exemple> create nomtest Male mo@mail.com motdepassetest\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour créer un compte (commande 'create').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please input an account name, a sex and a password.\n");
-                printf
-                    ("<example> create testname Male my@mail.com testpass\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Incomplete parameters to create an account ('create' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please input an account name, a sex and a password.\n");
+            PRINTF("<example> create testname Male my@mail.com testpass\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to create an account ('create' command).\n");
             return 136;
         }
     }
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-/*	for(i = 0; name[i]; i++) {
-		if (strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz-_", name[i]) == NULL) {
-			if (defaultlanguage == 'F') {
-				printf("Caractère interdit (%c) trouvé dans le nom du compte (%d%s caractère).\n", name[i], i+1, makeordinal(i+1));
-				ladmin_log("Caractère interdit (%c) trouvé dans le nom du compte (%d%s caractère).\n", name[i], i+1, makeordinal(i+1));
-			} else {
-				printf("Illegal character (%c) found in the account name (%d%s character).\n", name[i], i+1, makeordinal(i+1));
-				ladmin_log("Illegal character (%c) found in the account name (%d%s character).\n", name[i], i+1, makeordinal(i+1));
-			}
-			return 101;
-		}
-	}*/
-
-    sex[0] = toupper (sex[0]);
-    if (strchr ("MF", sex[0]) == NULL)
+    sex[0] = toupper(sex[0]);
+    if (strchr("MF", sex[0]) == NULL)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Sexe incorrect [%s]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n", sex);
-            ladmin_log ("Sexe incorrect [%s]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n",
-                        sex);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n", sex);
-            ladmin_log ("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n",
-                        sex);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n", sex);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n",
+                    sex);
         return 103;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (email) < 3)
+    if (strlen(email) < 3)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Email trop courte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email trop courte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+                email);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+              email);
         return 109;
     }
-    if (strlen (email) > 39)
+    if (strlen(email) > 39)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Email trop longue [%s]. Entrez une e-mail de 39 caractères maximum svp.\n",
-                 email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email trop longue [%s]. Entrez une e-mail de 39 caractères maximum svp.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
-                 email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
+             email);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
+              email);
         return 109;
     }
-    if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
+    if (e_mail_check(email) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Email incorrecte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log ("Email incorrecte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                         email);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log ("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                         email);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+                email);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+                     email);
         return 109;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (password) == 0)
+    if (strlen(password) == 0)
     {
-        if (typepasswd (password) == 0)
+        if (typepasswd(password) == 0)
             return 108;
     }
-    if (verify_password (password) == 0)
+    if (verify_password(password) == 0)
         return 104;
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour créer un compte.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to create an account.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to create an account.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7930;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 26), password, 24);
-    WFIFOB (login_fd, 50) = sex[0];
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 51), email, 40);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 91);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7930;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 26), password, 24);
+    WFIFOB(login_fd, 50) = sex[0];
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 51), email, 40);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 91);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -1733,55 +955,40 @@ int addaccount (const char *param, int emailflag)
 // Sub-function: Add/substract time to the final date of a banishment of an account
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int banaddaccount (const char *param)
+int banaddaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], modif[1023];
-    int  year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
+    int year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
     const char *p_modif;
-    int  value, i;
+    int value, i;
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (modif, '\0', sizeof (modif));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(modif, '\0', sizeof(modif));
     year = month = day = hour = minute = second = 0;
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et un modificateur svp.\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> banadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour modifier la fin de ban d'un compte (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and a modifier.\n");
-            printf ("  <example>: banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("             this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("             and 6 years at the same time.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to modify the ban date/time of an account ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and a modifier.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example>: banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
+        PRINTF("             this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
+        PRINTF("             and 6 years at the same time.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to modify the ban date/time of an account ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
     // lowercase for modif
     for (i = 0; modif[i]; i++)
-        modif[i] = tolower (modif[i]);
+        modif[i] = tolower(modif[i]);
     p_modif = modif;
-    while (strlen (p_modif) > 0)
+    while (strlen(p_modif) > 0)
     {
-        value = atoi (p_modif);
+        value = atoi(p_modif);
         if (value == 0)
         {
             p_modif++;
@@ -1790,7 +997,7 @@ int banaddaccount (const char *param)
         {
             if (p_modif[0] == '-' || p_modif[0] == '+')
                 p_modif++;
-            while (strlen (p_modif) > 0 && p_modif[0] >= '0'
+            while (strlen(p_modif) > 0 && p_modif[0] >= '0'
                    && p_modif[0] <= '9')
             {
                 p_modif++;
@@ -1832,193 +1039,79 @@ int banaddaccount (const char *param)
         }
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        printf (" année:   %d\n", year);
-        printf (" mois:    %d\n", month);
-        printf (" jour:    %d\n", day);
-        printf (" heure:   %d\n", hour);
-        printf (" minute:  %d\n", minute);
-        printf (" seconde: %d\n", second);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        printf (" year:   %d\n", year);
-        printf (" month:  %d\n", month);
-        printf (" day:    %d\n", day);
-        printf (" hour:   %d\n", hour);
-        printf (" minute: %d\n", minute);
-        printf (" second: %d\n", second);
-    }
+    PRINTF(" year:   %d\n", year);
+    PRINTF(" month:  %d\n", month);
+    PRINTF(" day:    %d\n", day);
+    PRINTF(" hour:   %d\n", hour);
+    PRINTF(" minute: %d\n", minute);
+    PRINTF(" second: %d\n", second);
 
     if (year == 0 && month == 0 && day == 0 && hour == 0 && minute == 0
         && second == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Vous devez entrer un ajustement avec cette commande, svp:\n");
-            printf ("  Valeur d'ajustement (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("  Element modifié:\n");
-            printf ("    a ou y: année\n");
-            printf ("    m:      mois\n");
-            printf ("    j ou d: jour\n");
-            printf ("    h:      heure\n");
-            printf ("    mn:     minute\n");
-            printf ("    s:      seconde\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> banadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Aucun ajustement n'est pas un ajustement (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please give an adjustment with this command:\n");
-            printf ("  Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("  Modified element:\n");
-            printf ("    a or y: year\n");
-            printf ("    m: month\n");
-            printf ("    j or d: day\n");
-            printf ("    h: hour\n");
-            printf ("    mn: minute\n");
-            printf ("    s: second\n");
-            printf ("  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("No adjustment isn't an adjustment ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give an adjustment with this command:\n");
+        PRINTF("  Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modified element:\n");
+        PRINTF("    a or y: year\n");
+        PRINTF("    m: month\n");
+        PRINTF("    j or d: day\n");
+        PRINTF("    h: hour\n");
+        PRINTF("    mn: minute\n");
+        PRINTF("    s: second\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
+        PRINTF("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
+        PRINTF("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("No adjustment isn't an adjustment ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (year > 127 || year < -127)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement d'années correct (de -127 à 127), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement de l'année hors norme (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the years (from -127 to 127).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the year ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the years (from -127 to 127).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the year ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (month > 255 || month < -255)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de mois correct (de -255 à 255), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Ajustement du mois hors norme (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the months (from -255 to 255).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the month ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the months (from -255 to 255).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the month ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (day > 32767 || day < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de jours correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Ajustement des jours hors norme (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the days (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the days ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the days (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the days ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (hour > 32767 || hour < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement d'heures correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement des heures hors norme (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the hours (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the hours ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the hours (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the hours ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (minute > 32767 || minute < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de minutes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement des minutes hors norme (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the minutes (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the minutes ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the minutes (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the minutes ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (second > 32767 || second < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de secondes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement des secondes hors norme (commande 'banadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the seconds (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the seconds ('banadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the seconds (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the seconds ('banadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour modifier la date d'un bannissement.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to modify a ban date/time.\n");
-    }
-
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x794c;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 26) = (short) year;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 28) = (short) month;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 30) = (short) day;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 32) = (short) hour;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 34) = (short) minute;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 36) = (short) second;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 38);
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to modify a ban date/time.\n");
+
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x794c;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 26) = (short) year;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 28) = (short) month;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 30) = (short) day;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 32) = (short) hour;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 34) = (short) minute;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 36) = (short) second;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 38);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2029,51 +1122,35 @@ int banaddaccount (const char *param)
 // Set the final date of a banishment of an account
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int bansetaccountsub (const char *name, const char *date, const char *time)
+int bansetaccountsub(const char *name, const char *date, const char *time_)
 {
-    int  year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
-    time_t ban_until_time;      // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): ban time limit of the account (0 = no ban)
-    struct tm *tmtime;
-
+    int year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
     year = month = day = hour = minute = second = 0;
-    ban_until_time = 0;
-    tmtime = localtime (&ban_until_time);   // initialize
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): ban time limit of the account (0 = no ban)
+    TimeT ban_until_time = TimeT();
+    struct tm tmtime = ban_until_time;   // initialize
+
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (atoi (date) != 0 &&
-        ((sscanf (date, "%d/%d/%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
-          sscanf (date, "%d-%d-%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
-          sscanf (date, "%d.%d.%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3) ||
-         sscanf (time, "%d:%d:%d", &hour, &minute, &second) < 3))
+    if (atoi(date) != 0 &&
+        ((sscanf(date, "%d/%d/%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
+          sscanf(date, "%d-%d-%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
+          sscanf(date, "%d.%d.%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3) ||
+         sscanf(time_, "%d:%d:%d", &hour, &minute, &second) < 3))
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez une date et une heure svp (format: aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n");
-            printf
-                ("Vous pouvez aussi mettre 0 à la place si vous utilisez la commande 'banset'.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Format incorrect pour la date/heure (commande'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please input a date and a time (format: yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
-            printf
-                ("You can imput 0 instead of if you use 'banset' command.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Invalid format for the date/time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input a date and a time (format: yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
+        PRINTF("You can imput 0 instead of if you use 'banset' command.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Invalid format for the date/time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (atoi (date) == 0)
+    if (atoi(date) == 0)
     {
-        ban_until_time = 0;
+        ban_until_time = TimeT();
     }
     else
     {
@@ -2087,159 +1164,67 @@ int bansetaccountsub (const char *name, const char *date, const char *time)
         }
         if (month < 1 || month > 12)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Entrez un mois correct svp (entre 1 et 12).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Mois incorrect pour la date (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the month (from 1 to 12).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Invalid month for the date ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the month (from 1 to 12).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid month for the date ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         month = month - 1;
         if (day < 1 || day > 31)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Entrez un jour correct svp (entre 1 et 31).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Jour incorrect pour la date (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the day (from 1 to 31).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Invalid day for the date ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the day (from 1 to 31).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid day for the date ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (((month == 3 || month == 5 || month == 8 || month == 10)
-             && day > 30) || (month == 1 && day > 29))
+             && day > 30) ||(month == 1 && day > 29))
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez un jour correct en fonction du mois (%d) svp.\n",
-                     month);
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Jour incorrect pour ce mois correspondant (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for a day of this month (%d).\n",
-                     month);
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Invalid day for this month ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for a day of this month (%d).\n",
+                 month);
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid day for this month ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (hour < 0 || hour > 23)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Entrez une heure correcte svp (entre 0 et 23).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Heure incorrecte pour l'heure (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the hour (from 0 to 23).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Invalid hour for the time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the hour (from 0 to 23).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid hour for the time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (minute < 0 || minute > 59)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez des minutes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Minute incorrecte pour l'heure (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the minutes (from 0 to 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Invalid minute for the time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the minutes (from 0 to 59).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid minute for the time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (second < 0 || second > 59)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez des secondes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Seconde incorrecte pour l'heure (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the seconds (from 0 to 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Invalid second for the time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the seconds (from 0 to 59).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid second for the time ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
-        tmtime->tm_year = year;
-        tmtime->tm_mon = month;
-        tmtime->tm_mday = day;
-        tmtime->tm_hour = hour;
-        tmtime->tm_min = minute;
-        tmtime->tm_sec = second;
-        tmtime->tm_isdst = -1;  // -1: no winter/summer time modification
-        ban_until_time = timegm (tmtime);
-        if (ban_until_time == -1)
-        {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Date incorrecte.\n");
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez une date et une heure svp (format: aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n");
-                printf
-                    ("Vous pouvez aussi mettre 0 à la place si vous utilisez la commande 'banset'.\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Date incorrecte. (command 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf ("Invalid date.\n");
-                printf
-                    ("Please input a date and a time (format: yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
-                printf
-                    ("You can imput 0 instead of if you use 'banset' command.\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid date. ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-            }
+        tmtime.tm_year = year;
+        tmtime.tm_mon = month;
+        tmtime.tm_mday = day;
+        tmtime.tm_hour = hour;
+        tmtime.tm_min = minute;
+        tmtime.tm_sec = second;
+        tmtime.tm_isdst = -1;  // -1: no winter/summer time modification
+        ban_until_time = tmtime;
+        if (ban_until_time.error())
+        {
+            PRINTF("Invalid date.\n");
+            PRINTF("Please input a date and a time (format: yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
+            PRINTF("You can imput 0 instead of if you use 'banset' command.\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid date. ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour fixer un ban.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to set a ban.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to set a ban.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x794a;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 26) = (int) ban_until_time;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 30);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x794a;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 26) = static_cast<time_t>(ban_until_time);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 30);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2249,149 +1234,89 @@ int bansetaccountsub (const char *name, const char *date, const char *time)
 // Sub-function: Set the final date of a banishment of an account (ban)
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int banaccount (const char *param)
+int banaccount(const char *param)
 {
-    char name[1023], date[1023], time[1023];
-
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (date, '\0', sizeof (date));
-    memset (time, '\0', sizeof (time));
-
-    if (sscanf (param, "%s %s \"%[^\"]\"", date, time, name) < 3 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %s '%[^']'", date, time, name) < 3 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", date, time, name) < 3)
-    {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte, une date et une heure svp.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<exemple>: banset <nom_du_compte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf ("           banset <nom_du_compte> 0    (0 = dé-bani)\n");
-            printf
-                ("           ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nom du compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unban/unbanish <nom du compte>\n");
-            printf ("           Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour fixer un ban (commande 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name, a date and a hour.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf
-                ("           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n");
-            printf
-                ("           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to set a ban ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-        }
+    char name[1023], date[1023], time_[1023];
+
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(date, '\0', sizeof(date));
+    memset(time_, '\0', sizeof(time_));
+
+    if (sscanf(param, "%s %s \"%[^\"]\"", date, time_, name) < 3 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %s '%[^']'", date, time_, name) < 3 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", date, time_, name) < 3)
+    {
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name, a date and a hour.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
+        PRINTF("           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n");
+        PRINTF("           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to set a ban ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    return bansetaccountsub (name, date, time);
+    return bansetaccountsub(name, date, time_);
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Sub-function: Set the final date of a banishment of an account (banset)
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int bansetaccount (const char *param)
+int bansetaccount(const char *param)
 {
-    char name[1023], date[1023], time[1023];
-
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (date, '\0', sizeof (date));
-    memset (time, '\0', sizeof (time));
-
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time) < 2 &&   // if date = 0, time can be void
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time) < 2 &&  // if date = 0, time can be void
-        sscanf (param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time) < 2)
-    {                           // if date = 0, time can be void
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte, une date et une heure svp.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<exemple>: banset <nom_du_compte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf ("           banset <nom_du_compte> 0    (0 = dé-bani)\n");
-            printf
-                ("           ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nom du compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unban/unbanish <nom du compte>\n");
-            printf ("           Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour fixer un ban (commande 'banset' ou 'ban').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name, a date and a hour.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf
-                ("           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n");
-            printf
-                ("           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to set a ban ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
-        }
+    char name[1023], date[1023], time_[1023];
+
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(date, '\0', sizeof(date));
+    memset(time_, '\0', sizeof(time_));
+
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time_) < 2 &&   // if date = 0, time_ can be void
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time_) < 2 &&  // if date = 0, time_ can be void
+        sscanf(param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time_) < 2)
+    {                           // if date = 0, time_ can be void
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name, a date and a hour.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
+        PRINTF("           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n");
+        PRINTF("           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to set a ban ('banset' or 'ban' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (time[0] == '\0')
-        strcpy (time, "23:59:59");
+    if (time_[0] == '\0')
+        strcpy(time_, "23:59:59");
 
-    return bansetaccountsub (name, date, time);
+    return bansetaccountsub(name, date, time_);
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------
 // Sub-function: unbanishment of an account (unban)
 //-------------------------------------------------
 static
-int unbanaccount (const char *param)
+int unbanaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
 
-    if (strlen (param) == 0 ||
-        (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen (name) == 0)
+    if (strlen(param) == 0 ||
+        (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen(name) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<exemple>: banset <nom_du_compte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf ("           banset <nom_du_compte> 0    (0 = dé-bani)\n");
-            printf
-                ("           ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nom du compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unban/unbanish <nom du compte>\n");
-            printf ("           Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour fixer un ban (commande 'unban').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf
-                ("           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n");
-            printf
-                ("           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to set a ban ('unban' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
+        PRINTF("           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n");
+        PRINTF("           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unban/unbanish <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to set a ban ('unban' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    return bansetaccountsub (name, "0", "");
+    return bansetaccountsub(name, "0", "");
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2399,61 +1324,42 @@ int unbanaccount (const char *param)
 // (Note: never send back a password with login-server!! security of passwords)
 //---------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int checkaccount (const char *param)
+int checkaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], password[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (password, '\0', sizeof (password));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(password, '\0', sizeof(password));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&    // password can be void
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&   // password can be void
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&    // password can be void
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&   // password can be void
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1)
     {                           // password can be void
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> check testname motdepasse\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour tester le mot d'un passe d'un compte (commande 'check').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<example> check testname password\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to check the password of an account ('check' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> check testname password\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to check the password of an account ('check' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (password) == 0)
+    if (strlen(password) == 0)
     {
-        if (typepasswd (password) == 0)
+        if (typepasswd(password) == 0)
             return 134;
     }
-    if (verify_password (password) == 0)
+    if (verify_password(password) == 0)
         return 131;
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour test un mot de passe.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to check a password.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to check a password.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x793a;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 26), password, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 50);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x793a;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 26), password, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 50);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2463,88 +1369,55 @@ int checkaccount (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking for deletion of an account
 //------------------------------------------------
 static
-int delaccount (const char *param)
+int delaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
     char letter;
     char confirm[1023];
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
 
-    if (strlen (param) == 0 ||
-        (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen (name) == 0)
+    if (strlen(param) == 0 ||
+        (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen(name) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> del nomtestasupprimer\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Aucun nom donné pour supprimer un compte (commande 'delete').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<example> del testnametodelete\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("No name given to delete an account ('delete' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> del testnametodelete\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("No name given to delete an account ('delete' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    memset (confirm, '\0', sizeof (confirm));
-    while ((confirm[0] != 'o' || defaultlanguage != 'F') && confirm[0] != 'n'
-           && (confirm[0] != 'y' || defaultlanguage == 'F'))
+    memset(confirm, '\0', sizeof(confirm));
+    while (confirm[0] != 'n'
+           && confirm[0] != 'y')
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            printf
-                ("\033[1;36m ** Etes-vous vraiment sûr de vouloir SUPPRIMER le compte [$userid]? (o/n) > \033[0m");
-        else
-            printf
-                ("\033[1;36m ** Are you really sure to DELETE account [$userid]? (y/n) > \033[0m");
-        fflush (stdout);
-        memset (confirm, '\0', sizeof (confirm));
+        PRINTF("\033[1;36m ** Are you really sure to DELETE account [$userid]? (y/n) > \033[0m");
+        fflush(stdout);
+        memset(confirm, '\0', sizeof(confirm));
         i = 0;
-        while ((letter = getchar ()) != '\n')
+        while ((letter = getchar()) != '\n')
             confirm[i++] = letter;
     }
 
     if (confirm[0] == 'n')
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Suppression annulée.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Suppression annulée par l'utilisateur (commande 'delete').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Deletion canceled.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Deletion canceled by user ('delete' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Deletion canceled.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Deletion canceled by user ('delete' command).\n");
         return 121;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour détruire un compte.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to delete an acount.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to delete an acount.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7932;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 26);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7932;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 26);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2554,114 +1427,59 @@ int delaccount (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking to modification of an account e-mail
 //----------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int changeemail (const char *param)
+int changeemail(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], email[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (email, '\0', sizeof (email));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(email, '\0', sizeof(email));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, email) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, email) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, email) < 2)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, email) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, email) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, email) < 2)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et une email svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> email testname nouveauemail\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer l'email d'un compte (commande 'email').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and an email.\n");
-            printf ("<example> email testname newemail\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the email of an account ('email' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and an email.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> email testname newemail\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the email of an account ('email' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (email) < 3)
+    if (strlen(email) < 3)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Email trop courte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email trop courte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+                email);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Email is too short [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+              email);
         return 109;
     }
-    if (strlen (email) > 39)
+    if (strlen(email) > 39)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Email trop longue [%s]. Entrez une e-mail de 39 caractères maximum svp.\n",
-                 email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email trop longue [%s]. Entrez une e-mail de 39 caractères maximum svp.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
-                 email);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
-                  email);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
+             email);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Email is too long [%s]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n",
+              email);
         return 109;
     }
-    if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
+    if (e_mail_check(email) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Email incorrecte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log ("Email incorrecte [%s]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n",
-                         email);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                    email);
-            ladmin_log ("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
-                         email);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+                email);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Invalid email [%s]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n",
+                     email);
         return 109;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour changer une email.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to change an email.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to change an email.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7940;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 26), email, 40);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 66);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7940;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 26), email, 40);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 66);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2671,21 +1489,12 @@ int changeemail (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking of the number of online players
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 static
-int getlogincount (void)
+int getlogincount(void)
 {
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour obtenir le nombre de joueurs en jeu.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Request to login-server to obtain the # of online players.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to obtain the # of online players.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7938;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 2);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7938;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 2);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2695,77 +1504,44 @@ int getlogincount (void)
 // Sub-function: Asking to modify the GM level of an account
 //----------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int changegmlevel (const char *param)
+int changegmlevel(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
-    int  GM_level;
+    int GM_level;
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
     GM_level = 0;
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %d", name, &GM_level) < 1 &&
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %d", name, &GM_level) < 1 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %d", name, &GM_level) < 1)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %d", name, &GM_level) < 1 &&
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %d", name, &GM_level) < 1 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %d", name, &GM_level) < 1)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et un niveau de GM svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> gm nomtest 80\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le Niveau de GM d'un compte (commande 'gm').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and a GM level.\n");
-            printf ("<example> gm testname 80\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the GM level of an account ('gm' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and a GM level.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> gm testname 80\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the GM level of an account ('gm' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
     if (GM_level < 0 || GM_level > 99)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Niveau de GM incorrect [%d]. Entrez une valeur de 0 à 99 svp.\n",
-                 GM_level);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Niveau de GM incorrect [%d]. La valeur peut être de 0 à 99.\n",
-                  GM_level);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Illegal GM level [%d]. Please input a value from 0 to 99.\n",
-                 GM_level);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Illegal GM level [%d]. The value can be from 0 to 99.\n",
-                  GM_level);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Illegal GM level [%d]. Please input a value from 0 to 99.\n",
+             GM_level);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Illegal GM level [%d]. The value can be from 0 to 99.\n",
+              GM_level);
         return 103;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour changer un niveau de GM.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to change a GM level.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to change a GM level.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x793e;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOB (login_fd, 26) = GM_level;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 27);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x793e;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOB(login_fd, 26) = GM_level;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 27);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2775,52 +1551,33 @@ int changegmlevel (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking to obtain an account id
 //---------------------------------------------
 static
-int idaccount (const char *param)
+int idaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
 
-    if (strlen (param) == 0 ||
-        (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen (name) == 0)
+    if (strlen(param) == 0 ||
+        (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen(name) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> id nomtest\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Aucun nom donné pour rechecher l'id d'un compte (commande 'id').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<example> id testname\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("No name given to search an account id ('id' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> id testname\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("No name given to search an account id ('id' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour connaître l'id d'un compte.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to know an account id.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to know an account id.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7944;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 26);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7944;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 26);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2830,38 +1587,20 @@ int idaccount (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking to displaying information about an account (by its id)
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int infoaccount (int account_id)
+int infoaccount(int account_id)
 {
     if (account_id < 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un id ayant une valeur positive svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Une valeur négative a été donné pour trouver le compte.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input a positive value for the id.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Negative value was given to found the account.\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input a positive value for the id.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Negative value was given to found the account.\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour obtenir le information d'un compte (par l'id).\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Request to login-server to obtain information about an account (by its id).\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to obtain information about an account (by its id).\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7954;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7954;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 6);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -2871,117 +1610,42 @@ int infoaccount (int account_id)
 // Sub-function: Send a broadcast message
 //---------------------------------------
 static
-int sendbroadcast (short type, const char *message)
+int sendbroadcast(short type, const char *message)
 {
-    if (strlen (message) == 0)
+    if (strlen(message) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
+        PRINTF("Please input a message.\n");
+        if (type == 0)
         {
-            printf ("Entrez un message svp.\n");
-            if (type == 0)
-            {
-                printf ("<exemple> kami un message\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf ("<exemple> kamib un message\n");
-            }
-            ladmin_log ("Le message est vide (commande 'kami(b)').\n");
+            PRINTF("<example> kami a message\n");
         }
         else
         {
-            printf ("Please input a message.\n");
-            if (type == 0)
-            {
-                printf ("<example> kami a message\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf ("<example> kamib a message\n");
-            }
-            ladmin_log ("The message is void ('kami(b)' command).\n");
+            PRINTF("<example> kamib a message\n");
         }
+        LADMIN_LOG("The message is void ('kami(b)' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x794e;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 4) = strlen (message) + 1;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 8), message, strlen (message) + 1);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 8 + strlen (message) + 1);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x794e;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 4) = strlen(message) + 1;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 8), message, strlen(message) + 1);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 8 + strlen(message) + 1);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-//--------------------------------------------
-// Sub-function: Change language of displaying
-//--------------------------------------------
-static
-int changelanguage (char *language)
-{
-    if (strlen (language) == 0)
-    {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez une langue svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> language english\n");
-            printf ("          language français\n");
-            ladmin_log ("La langue est vide (commande 'language').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input a language.\n");
-            printf ("<example> language english\n");
-            printf ("          language français\n");
-            ladmin_log ("The language is void ('language' command).\n");
-        }
-        return 136;
-    }
-
-    language[0] = toupper (language[0]);
-    if (language[0] == 'F' || language[0] == 'E')
-    {
-        defaultlanguage = language[0];
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Changement de la langue d'affichage en Français.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Changement de la langue d'affichage en Français.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Displaying language changed to English.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Displaying language changed to English.\n");
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Langue non paramétrée (langues possibles: 'Français' ou 'English').\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Langue non paramétrée (Français ou English nécessaire).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Undefined language (possible languages: Français or English).\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Undefined language (must be Français or English).\n");
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------
 // Sub-function: Asking to Displaying of the accounts list
 //--------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int listaccount (char *param, int type)
+int listaccount(char *param, int type)
 {
 //int list_first, list_last, list_type; // parameter to display a list of accounts
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     list_type = type;
 
@@ -2996,7 +1660,7 @@ int listaccount (char *param, int type)
     else if (list_type == 2)
     {                           // if search
         for (i = 0; param[i]; i++)
-            param[i] = tolower (param[i]);
+            param[i] = tolower(param[i]);
         // get all accounts = use default
     }
     else if (list_type == 3)
@@ -3009,7 +1673,7 @@ int listaccount (char *param, int type)
     }
     else
     {                           // if list (list_type == 0)
-        switch (sscanf (param, "%d %d", &list_first, &list_last))
+        switch (sscanf(param, "%d %d", &list_first, &list_last))
         {
             case 0:
                 // get all accounts = use default
@@ -3017,6 +1681,7 @@ int listaccount (char *param, int type)
             case 1:
                 list_last = 0;
                 // use tests of the following value
+                FALLTHROUGH;
             default:
                 if (list_first < 0)
                     list_first = 0;
@@ -3026,38 +1691,18 @@ int listaccount (char *param, int type)
         }
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour obtenir la liste des comptes de %d à %d.\n",
-              list_first, list_last);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Request to login-server to obtain the list of accounts from %d to %d.\n",
-              list_first, list_last);
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to obtain the list of accounts from %d to %d.\n",
+          list_first, list_last);
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7920;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = list_first;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 6) = list_last;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 10);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7920;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = list_first;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 6) = list_last;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 10);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     //          0123456789 01 01234567890123456789012301234 012345 0123456789012345678901234567
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        Iprintf
-            (" id_compte GM nom_utilisateur         sexe   count statut\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        Iprintf
-            ("account_id GM user_name               sex    count state\n");
-    }
-    Iprintf
-        ("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
+    Iprintf("account_id GM user_name               sex    count state\n");
+    Iprintf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
     list_count = 0;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3067,20 +1712,20 @@ int listaccount (char *param, int type)
 // Sub-function: Frobnicate items
 //--------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int itemfrob (const char *param)
+int itemfrob(const char *param)
 {
-    int  source_id, dest_id;
+    int source_id, dest_id;
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "%d %d", &source_id, &dest_id) < 2)
+    if (sscanf(param, "%d %d", &source_id, &dest_id) < 2)
     {
-        printf ("You must provide the source and destination item IDs.\n");
+        PRINTF("You must provide the source and destination item IDs.\n");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7924;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = source_id;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 6) = dest_id;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 10);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7924;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = source_id;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 6) = dest_id;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 10);
     bytes_to_read = 1;          // all logging is done to the three main servers
 
     return 0;
@@ -3090,76 +1735,45 @@ int itemfrob (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking to modify a memo field
 //--------------------------------------------
 static
-int changememo (const char *param)
+int changememo(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], memo[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (memo, '\0', sizeof (memo));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(memo, '\0', sizeof(memo));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, memo) < 1 &&    // memo can be void
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, memo) < 1 &&   // memo can be void
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, memo) < 1)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, memo) < 1 &&    // memo can be void
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, memo) < 1 &&   // memo can be void
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, memo) < 1)
     {                           // memo can be void
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et un mémo svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> memo nomtest nouveau memo\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le mémo d'un compte (commande 'email').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and a memo.\n");
-            printf ("<example> memo testname new memo\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the memo of an account ('email' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and a memo.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> memo testname new memo\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the memo of an account ('email' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (memo) > 254)
+    if (strlen(memo) > 254)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Mémo trop long (%d caractères).\n", strlen (memo));
-            printf ("Entrez un mémo de 254 caractères maximum svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Mémo trop long (%d caractères). Entrez un mémo de 254 caractères maximum svp.\n",
-                  strlen (memo));
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Memo is too long (%d characters).\n", strlen (memo));
-            printf ("Please input a memo of 254 bytes at the maximum.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Email is too long (%d characters). Please input a memo of 254 bytes at the maximum.\n",
-                  strlen (memo));
-        }
+        PRINTF("Memo is too long (%zu characters).\n", strlen(memo));
+        PRINTF("Please input a memo of 254 bytes at the maximum.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Email is too long (%zu characters). Please input a memo of 254 bytes at the maximum.\n",
+              strlen(memo));
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour changer un mémo.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to change a memo.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to change a memo.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7942;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 26) = strlen (memo);
-    if (strlen (memo) > 0)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 28), memo, strlen (memo));
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 28 + strlen (memo));
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7942;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 26) = strlen(memo);
+    if (strlen(memo) > 0)
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 28), memo, strlen(memo));
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 28 + strlen(memo));
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3169,34 +1783,20 @@ int changememo (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking to obtain an account name
 //-----------------------------------------------
 static
-int nameaccount (int id)
+int nameaccount(int id)
 {
     if (id < 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un id ayant une valeur positive svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Id négatif donné pour rechecher le nom d'un compte (commande 'name').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input a positive value for the id.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Negativ id given to search an account name ('name' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input a positive value for the id.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Negativ id given to search an account name ('name' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour connaître le nom d'un compte.\n");
-    else
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to know an account name.\n");
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to know an account name.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7946;
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7946;
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 6);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3207,61 +1807,42 @@ int nameaccount (int id)
 // (Note: never send back a password with login-server!! security of passwords)
 //------------------------------------------
 static
-int changepasswd (const char *param)
+int changepasswd(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], password[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (password, '\0', sizeof (password));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(password, '\0', sizeof(password));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, password) < 1)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> passwd nomtest nouveaumotdepasse\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le mot d'un passe d'un compte (commande 'password').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<example> passwd testname newpassword\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the password of an account ('password' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> passwd testname newpassword\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the password of an account ('password' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (strlen (password) == 0)
+    if (strlen(password) == 0)
     {
-        if (typepasswd (password) == 0)
+        if (typepasswd(password) == 0)
             return 134;
     }
-    if (verify_password (password) == 0)
+    if (verify_password(password) == 0)
         return 131;
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour changer un mot de passe.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to change a password.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to change a password.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7934;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 26), password, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 50);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7934;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 26), password, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 50);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3272,27 +1853,16 @@ int changepasswd (const char *param)
 // this function have no answer
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int reloadGM (void)
+int reloadGM(char *params)
 {
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7955;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 2);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7955;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 2);
     bytes_to_read = 0;
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Demande de recharger le fichier de configuration des GM envoyée.\n");
-        printf
-            ("Demande de recharger le fichier de configuration des GM envoyée.\n");
-        printf ("Vérifiez les comptes GM actuels (après rechargement):\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to reload the GM configuration file sended.\n");
-        printf ("Request to reload the GM configuration file sended.\n");
-        printf ("Check the actual GM accounts (after reloading):\n");
-    }
-    listaccount (parameters, 1);    // 1: to list only GM
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to reload the GM configuration file sended.\n");
+    PRINTF("Request to reload the GM configuration file sended.\n");
+    PRINTF("Check the actual GM accounts (after reloading):\n");
+    listaccount(params, 1);    // 1: to list only GM
 
     return 180;
 }
@@ -3301,71 +1871,43 @@ int reloadGM (void)
 // Sub-function: Asking to modify the sex of an account
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 static
-int changesex (const char *param)
+int changesex(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], sex[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (sex, '\0', sizeof (sex));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(sex, '\0', sizeof(sex));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, sex) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, sex) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, sex) < 2)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, sex) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, sex) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, sex) < 2)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et un sexe svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> sex nomtest Male\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le sexe d'un compte (commande 'sex').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and a sex.\n");
-            printf ("<example> sex testname Male\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the sex of an account ('sex' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and a sex.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> sex testname Male\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the sex of an account ('sex' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    sex[0] = toupper (sex[0]);
-    if (strchr ("MF", sex[0]) == NULL)
+    sex[0] = toupper(sex[0]);
+    if (strchr("MF", sex[0]) == NULL)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Sexe incorrect [%s]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n", sex);
-            ladmin_log ("Sexe incorrect [%s]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n",
-                        sex);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n", sex);
-            ladmin_log ("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n",
-                        sex);
-        }
+        PRINTF("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n", sex);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Illegal gender [%s]. Please input M or F.\n",
+                    sex);
         return 103;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour changer un sexe.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to change a sex.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to change a sex.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x793c;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOB (login_fd, 26) = sex[0];
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 27);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x793c;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOB(login_fd, 26) = sex[0];
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 27);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3376,120 +1918,62 @@ int changesex (const char *param)
 // Asking to modify the state of an account
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int changestatesub (const char *name, int state, const char *error_message7)
+int changestatesub(const char *name, int state, const char *error_message7)
 {
     char error_message[1023];   // need to use, because we can modify error_message7
 
-    memset (error_message, '\0', sizeof (error_message));
-    strncpy (error_message, error_message7, sizeof (error_message) - 1);
+    memset(error_message, '\0', sizeof(error_message));
+    strncpy(error_message, error_message7, sizeof(error_message) - 1);
 
     if ((state < 0 || state > 9) && state != 100)
     {                           // Valid values: 0: ok, or value of the 0x006a packet + 1
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez une des statuts suivantes svp:\n");
-            printf
-                ("  0 = Compte ok             6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input one of these states:\n");
-            printf
-                ("  0 = Account ok            6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n");
-        }
-        printf
-            ("  1 = Unregistered ID       7 = You are Prohibited to log in until + message\n");
-        printf
-            ("  2 = Incorrect Password    8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n");
-        printf ("  3 = This ID is expired    9 = No MSG\n");
-        printf
-            ("  4 = Rejected from Server  100 = This ID has been totally erased\n");
-        printf ("  5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n");
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("<exemples> state nomtest 5\n");
-            printf ("           state nomtest 7 fin de votre ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <nom compte>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Valeur incorrecte pour le statut d'un compte (commande 'state', 'block' ou 'unblock').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("<examples> state testname 5\n");
-            printf ("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <account name>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Invalid value for the state of an account ('state', 'block' or 'unblock' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input one of these states:\n");
+        PRINTF("  0 = Account ok            6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n");
+        PRINTF("  1 = Unregistered ID       7 = You are Prohibited to log in until + message\n");
+        PRINTF("  2 = Incorrect Password    8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n");
+        PRINTF("  3 = This ID is expired    9 = No MSG\n");
+        PRINTF("  4 = Rejected from Server  100 = This ID has been totally erased\n");
+        PRINTF("  5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n");
+        PRINTF("<examples> state testname 5\n");
+        PRINTF("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
+        PRINTF("           block <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unblock <account name>\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Invalid value for the state of an account ('state', 'block' or 'unblock' command).\n");
         return 151;
     }
 
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
     if (state != 7)
     {
-        strcpy (error_message, "-");
+        strcpy(error_message, "-");
     }
     else
     {
-        if (strlen (error_message) < 1)
+        if (strlen(error_message) < 1)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Message d'erreur trop court. Entrez un message de 1-19 caractères.\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Message d'erreur trop court. Entrez un message de 1-19 caractères.\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Error message is too short. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Error message is too short. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Error message is too short. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Error message is too short. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
             return 102;
         }
-        if (strlen (error_message) > 19)
+        if (strlen(error_message) > 19)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Message d'erreur trop long. Entrez un message de 1-19 caractères.\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Message d'erreur trop long. Entrez un message de 1-19 caractères.\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Error message is too long. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Error message is too long. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Error message is too long. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Error message is too long. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n");
             return 102;
         }
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour changer un statut.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to change a state.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to change a state.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7936;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 26) = state;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 30), error_message, 20);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 50);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7936;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 26) = state;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 30), error_message, 20);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 50);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3499,181 +1983,124 @@ int changestatesub (const char *name, int state, const char *error_message7)
 // Sub-function: Asking to modify the state of an account
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int changestate (const char *param)
+int changestate(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], error_message[1023];
-    int  state;
+    int state;
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (error_message, '\0', sizeof (error_message));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(error_message, '\0', sizeof(error_message));
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %d %[^\r\n]", name, &state, error_message)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %d %[^\r\n]", name, &state, error_message)
         < 2
-        && sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %d %[^\r\n]", name, &state,
+        && sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %d %[^\r\n]", name, &state,
                    error_message) < 2
-        && sscanf (param, "%s %d %[^\r\n]", name, &state, error_message) < 2)
-    {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et un statut svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemples> state nomtest 5\n");
-            printf ("           state nomtest 7 fin de votre ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <nom compte>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le statut d'un compte (commande 'state').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and a state.\n");
-            printf ("<examples> state testname 5\n");
-            printf ("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <account name>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the state of an account ('state' command).\n");
-        }
+        && sscanf(param, "%s %d %[^\r\n]", name, &state, error_message) < 2)
+    {
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and a state.\n");
+        PRINTF("<examples> state testname 5\n");
+        PRINTF("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
+        PRINTF("           block <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unblock <account name>\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the state of an account ('state' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    return changestatesub (name, state, error_message);
+    return changestatesub(name, state, error_message);
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------
 // Sub-function: Asking to unblock an account
 //-------------------------------------------
 static
-int unblockaccount (const char *param)
+int unblockaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
 
-    if (strlen (param) == 0 ||
-        (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen (name) == 0)
+    if (strlen(param) == 0 ||
+        (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen(name) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemples> state nomtest 5\n");
-            printf ("           state nomtest 7 fin de votre ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <nom compte>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le statut d'un compte (commande 'unblock').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<examples> state testname 5\n");
-            printf ("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <account name>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the state of an account ('unblock' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<examples> state testname 5\n");
+        PRINTF("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
+        PRINTF("           block <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unblock <account name>\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the state of an account ('unblock' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    return changestatesub (name, 0, "-");   // state 0, no error message
+    return changestatesub(name, 0, "-");   // state 0, no error message
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------
 // Sub-function: Asking to unblock an account
 //-------------------------------------------
 static
-int blockaccount (const char *param)
+int blockaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
 
-    if (strlen (param) == 0 ||
-        (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen (name) == 0)
+    if (strlen(param) == 0 ||
+        (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen(name) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemples> state nomtest 5\n");
-            printf ("           state nomtest 7 fin de votre ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <nom compte>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <nom compte>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour changer le statut d'un compte (commande 'block').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<examples> state testname 5\n");
-            printf ("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
-            printf ("           block <account name>\n");
-            printf ("           unblock <account name>\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to change the state of an account ('block' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<examples> state testname 5\n");
+        PRINTF("           state testname 7 end of your ban\n");
+        PRINTF("           block <account name>\n");
+        PRINTF("           unblock <account name>\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to change the state of an account ('block' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
 
-    return changestatesub (name, 5, "-");   // state 5, no error message
+    return changestatesub(name, 5, "-");   // state 5, no error message
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Sub-function: Add/substract time to the validity limit of an account
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int timeaddaccount (const char *param)
+int timeaddaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023], modif[1023];
-    int  year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
+    int year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
     const char *p_modif;
-    int  value, i;
+    int value, i;
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (modif, '\0', sizeof (modif));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(modif, '\0', sizeof(modif));
     year = month = day = hour = minute = second = 0;
 
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
-        sscanf (param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2)
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2 &&
+        sscanf(param, "%s %[^\r\n]", name, modif) < 2)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte et un modificateur svp.\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> timeadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour modifier une date limite d'utilisation (commande 'timeadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name and a modifier.\n");
-            printf ("  <example>: timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("             this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("             and 6 years at the same time.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to modify a limit time ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name and a modifier.\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example>: timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
+        PRINTF("             this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
+        PRINTF("             and 6 years at the same time.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to modify a limit time ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
     // lowercase for modif
     for (i = 0; modif[i]; i++)
-        modif[i] = tolower (modif[i]);
+        modif[i] = tolower(modif[i]);
     p_modif = modif;
-    while (strlen (p_modif) > 0)
+    while (strlen(p_modif) > 0)
     {
-        value = atoi (p_modif);
+        value = atoi(p_modif);
         if (value == 0)
         {
             p_modif++;
@@ -3682,7 +2109,7 @@ int timeaddaccount (const char *param)
         {
             if (p_modif[0] == '-' || p_modif[0] == '+')
                 p_modif++;
-            while (strlen (p_modif) > 0 && p_modif[0] >= '0'
+            while (strlen(p_modif) > 0 && p_modif[0] >= '0'
                    && p_modif[0] <= '9')
             {
                 p_modif++;
@@ -3724,193 +2151,79 @@ int timeaddaccount (const char *param)
         }
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        printf (" année:   %d\n", year);
-        printf (" mois:    %d\n", month);
-        printf (" jour:    %d\n", day);
-        printf (" heure:   %d\n", hour);
-        printf (" minute:  %d\n", minute);
-        printf (" seconde: %d\n", second);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        printf (" year:   %d\n", year);
-        printf (" month:  %d\n", month);
-        printf (" day:    %d\n", day);
-        printf (" hour:   %d\n", hour);
-        printf (" minute: %d\n", minute);
-        printf (" second: %d\n", second);
-    }
+    PRINTF(" year:   %d\n", year);
+    PRINTF(" month:  %d\n", month);
+    PRINTF(" day:    %d\n", day);
+    PRINTF(" hour:   %d\n", hour);
+    PRINTF(" minute: %d\n", minute);
+    PRINTF(" second: %d\n", second);
 
     if (year == 0 && month == 0 && day == 0 && hour == 0 && minute == 0
         && second == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Vous devez entrer un ajustement avec cette commande, svp:\n");
-            printf ("  Valeur d'ajustement (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("  Elément modifié:\n");
-            printf ("    a ou y: année\n");
-            printf ("    m:      mois\n");
-            printf ("    j ou d: jour\n");
-            printf ("    h:      heure\n");
-            printf ("    mn:     minute\n");
-            printf ("    s:      seconde\n");
-            printf ("  <exemple> timeadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Aucun ajustement n'est pas un ajustement (commande 'timeadd').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please give an adjustment with this command:\n");
-            printf ("  Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
-            printf ("  Modified element:\n");
-            printf ("    a or y: year\n");
-            printf ("    m:      month\n");
-            printf ("    j or d: day\n");
-            printf ("    h:      hour\n");
-            printf ("    mn:     minute\n");
-            printf ("    s:      second\n");
-            printf ("  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
-            printf
-                ("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
-            printf ("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("No adjustment isn't an adjustment ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give an adjustment with this command:\n");
+        PRINTF("  Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n");
+        PRINTF("  Modified element:\n");
+        PRINTF("    a or y: year\n");
+        PRINTF("    m:      month\n");
+        PRINTF("    j or d: day\n");
+        PRINTF("    h:      hour\n");
+        PRINTF("    mn:     minute\n");
+        PRINTF("    s:      second\n");
+        PRINTF("  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n");
+        PRINTF("            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n");
+        PRINTF("            and 6 years at the same time.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("No adjustment isn't an adjustment ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (year > 127 || year < -127)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement d'années correct (de -127 à 127), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement de l'année hors norme ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the years (from -127 to 127).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the year ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the years (from -127 to 127).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the year ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (month > 255 || month < -255)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de mois correct (de -255 à 255), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Ajustement du mois hors norme ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the months (from -255 to 255).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the month ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the months (from -255 to 255).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the month ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (day > 32767 || day < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de jours correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Ajustement des jours hors norme ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the days (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the days ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the days (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the days ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (hour > 32767 || hour < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement d'heures correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement des heures hors norme ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the hours (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the hours ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the hours (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the hours ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (minute > 32767 || minute < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de minutes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement des minutes hors norme ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the minutes (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the minutes ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the minutes (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the minutes ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
     if (second > 32767 || second < -32767)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez un ajustement de secondes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Ajustement des secondes hors norme ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please give a correct adjustment for the seconds (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Abnormal adjustement for the seconds ('timeadd' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please give a correct adjustment for the seconds (from -32767 to 32767).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Abnormal adjustement for the seconds ('timeadd' command).\n");
         return 137;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour modifier une date limite d'utilisation.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to modify a time limit.\n");
-    }
-
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7950;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 26) = (short) year;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 28) = (short) month;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 30) = (short) day;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 32) = (short) hour;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 34) = (short) minute;
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 36) = (short) second;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 38);
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to modify a time limit.\n");
+
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7950;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 26) = (short) year;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 28) = (short) month;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 30) = (short) day;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 32) = (short) hour;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 34) = (short) minute;
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 36) = (short) second;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 38);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -3920,83 +2233,54 @@ int timeaddaccount (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Set a validity limit of an account
 //-------------------------------------------------
 static
-int timesetaccount (const char *param)
+int timesetaccount(const char *param)
 {
-    char name[1023], date[1023], time[1023];
-    int  year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
-    time_t connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
-    struct tm *tmtime;
-
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
-    memset (date, '\0', sizeof (date));
-    memset (time, '\0', sizeof (time));
+    char name[1023], date[1023], time_[1023];
+    int year, month, day, hour, minute, second;
+
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
+    memset(date, '\0', sizeof(date));
+    memset(time_, '\0', sizeof(time_));
     year = month = day = hour = minute = second = 0;
-    connect_until_time = 0;
-    tmtime = localtime (&connect_until_time);   // initialize
-
-    if (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time) < 2 &&   // if date = 0, time can be void
-        sscanf (param, "'%[^']' %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time) < 2 &&  // if date = 0, time can be void
-        sscanf (param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time) < 2)
-    {                           // if date = 0, time can be void
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte, une date et une heure svp.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<exemple>: timeset <nom_du_compte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf
-                ("           timeset <nom_du_compte> 0    (0 = illimité)\n");
-            printf ("           Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Nombre incorrect de paramètres pour fixer une date limite d'utilisation (commande 'timeset').\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name, a date and a hour.\n");
-            printf
-                ("<example>: timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
-            printf
-                ("           timeset <account_name> 0   (0 = unlimited)\n");
-            printf ("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Incomplete parameters to set a limit time ('timeset' command).\n");
-        }
+
+    // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
+    TimeT connect_until_time = TimeT();
+    struct tm tmtime = connect_until_time;   // initialize
+
+    if (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\" %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time_) < 2 &&   // if date = 0, time_ can be void
+        sscanf(param, "'%[^']' %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time_) < 2 &&  // if date = 0, time_ can be void
+        sscanf(param, "%s %s %[^\r\n]", name, date, time_) < 2)
+    {                           // if date = 0, time_ can be void
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name, a date and a hour.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example>: timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n");
+        PRINTF("           timeset <account_name> 0   (0 = unlimited)\n");
+        PRINTF("           Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59.\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Incomplete parameters to set a limit time ('timeset' command).\n");
         return 136;
     }
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (time[0] == '\0')
-        strcpy (time, "23:59:59");
+    if (time_[0] == '\0')
+        strcpy(time_, "23:59:59");
 
-    if (atoi (date) != 0 &&
-        ((sscanf (date, "%d/%d/%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
-          sscanf (date, "%d-%d-%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
-          sscanf (date, "%d.%d.%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
-          sscanf (date, "%d'%d'%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3) ||
-         sscanf (time, "%d:%d:%d", &hour, &minute, &second) < 3))
+    if (atoi(date) != 0 &&
+        ((sscanf(date, "%d/%d/%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
+          sscanf(date, "%d-%d-%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
+          sscanf(date, "%d.%d.%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3 &&
+          sscanf(date, "%d'%d'%d", &year, &month, &day) < 3) ||
+         sscanf(time_, "%d:%d:%d", &hour, &minute, &second) < 3))
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Entrez 0 ou une date et une heure svp (format: 0 ou aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Format incorrect pour la date/heure ('timeset' command).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Please input 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Invalid format for the date/time ('timeset' command).\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Invalid format for the date/time ('timeset' command).\n");
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (atoi (date) == 0)
+    if (atoi(date) == 0)
     {
-        connect_until_time = 0;
+        connect_until_time = TimeT();
     }
     else
     {
@@ -4010,147 +2294,66 @@ int timesetaccount (const char *param)
         }
         if (month < 1 || month > 12)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Entrez un mois correct svp (entre 1 et 12).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Mois incorrect pour la date ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the month (from 1 to 12).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid month for the date ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the month (from 1 to 12).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid month for the date ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         month = month - 1;
         if (day < 1 || day > 31)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Entrez un jour correct svp (entre 1 et 31).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Jour incorrect pour la date ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the day (from 1 to 31).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid day for the date ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the day (from 1 to 31).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid day for the date ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (((month == 3 || month == 5 || month == 8 || month == 10)
-             && day > 30) || (month == 1 && day > 29))
+             && day > 30) ||(month == 1 && day > 29))
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez un jour correct en fonction du mois (%d) svp.\n",
-                     month);
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Jour incorrect pour ce mois correspondant ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for a day of this month (%d).\n",
-                     month);
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid day for this month ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for a day of this month (%d).\n",
+                 month);
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid day for this month ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (hour < 0 || hour > 23)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Entrez une heure correcte svp (entre 0 et 23).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Heure incorrecte pour l'heure ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the hour (from 0 to 23).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid hour for the time ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the hour (from 0 to 23).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid hour for the time ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (minute < 0 || minute > 59)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez des minutes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Minute incorrecte pour l'heure ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the minutes (from 0 to 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid minute for the time ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the minutes (from 0 to 59).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid minute for the time ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
         if (second < 0 || second > 59)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Entrez des secondes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log
-                    ("Seconde incorrecte pour l'heure ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Please give a correct value for the seconds (from 0 to 59).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid second for the time ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+            PRINTF("Please give a correct value for the seconds (from 0 to 59).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid second for the time ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
-        tmtime->tm_year = year;
-        tmtime->tm_mon = month;
-        tmtime->tm_mday = day;
-        tmtime->tm_hour = hour;
-        tmtime->tm_min = minute;
-        tmtime->tm_sec = second;
-        tmtime->tm_isdst = -1;  // -1: no winter/summer time modification
-        connect_until_time = timegm (tmtime);
-        if (connect_until_time == -1)
-        {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Date incorrecte.\n");
-                printf
-                    ("Ajoutez 0 ou une date et une heure svp (format: 0 ou aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Date incorrecte. ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf ("Invalid date.\n");
-                printf
-                    ("Please add 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("Invalid date. ('timeset' command).\n");
-            }
+        tmtime.tm_year = year;
+        tmtime.tm_mon = month;
+        tmtime.tm_mday = day;
+        tmtime.tm_hour = hour;
+        tmtime.tm_min = minute;
+        tmtime.tm_sec = second;
+        tmtime.tm_isdst = -1;  // -1: no winter/summer time modification
+        connect_until_time = tmtime;
+        if (connect_until_time.error())
+        {
+            PRINTF("Invalid date.\n");
+            PRINTF("Please add 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n");
+            LADMIN_LOG("Invalid date. ('timeset' command).\n");
             return 102;
         }
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour fixer une date limite d'utilisation.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to set a time limit.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to set a time limit.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7948;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOL (login_fd, 26) = (int) connect_until_time;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 30);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7948;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOL(login_fd, 26) = static_cast<time_t>(connect_until_time);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 30);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -4160,50 +2363,32 @@ int timesetaccount (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking to displaying information about an account (by its name)
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int whoaccount (const char *param)
+int whoaccount(const char *param)
 {
     char name[1023];
 
-    memset (name, '\0', sizeof (name));
+    memset(name, '\0', sizeof(name));
 
-    if (strlen (param) == 0 ||
-        (sscanf (param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
-         sscanf (param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen (name) == 0)
+    if (strlen(param) == 0 ||
+        (sscanf(param, "\"%[^\"]\"", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "'%[^']'", name) < 1 &&
+         sscanf(param, "%[^\r\n]", name) < 1) || strlen(name) == 0)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n");
-            printf ("<exemple> who nomtest\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Aucun nom n'a été donné pour trouver le compte.\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("Please input an account name.\n");
-            printf ("<example> who testname\n");
-            ladmin_log ("No name was given to found the account.\n");
-        }
+        PRINTF("Please input an account name.\n");
+        PRINTF("<example> who testname\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("No name was given to found the account.\n");
         return 136;
     }
-    if (verify_accountname (name) == 0)
+    if (verify_accountname(name) == 0)
     {
         return 102;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour obtenir le information d'un compte (par le nom).\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Request to login-server to obtain information about an account (by its name).\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to obtain information about an account (by its name).\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7952;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 26);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7952;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 2), name, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 26);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -4213,16 +2398,12 @@ int whoaccount (const char *param)
 // Sub-function: Asking of the version of the login-server
 //--------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int checkloginversion (void)
+int checkloginversion(void)
 {
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        ladmin_log
-            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour obtenir sa version.\n");
-    else
-        ladmin_log ("Request to login-server to obtain its version.\n");
+    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to obtain its version.\n");
 
-    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7530;
-    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 2);
+    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7530;
+    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 2);
     bytes_to_read = 1;
 
     return 0;
@@ -4234,9 +2415,9 @@ int checkloginversion (void)
 // and analyse the command.
 //---------------------------------------------
 static
-int prompt (void)
+int prompt(void)
 {
-    int  i, j;
+    int i, j;
     char buf[1024];
     char *p;
 
@@ -4244,74 +2425,69 @@ int prompt (void)
     while (bytes_to_read == 0)
     {
         // for help with the console colors look here:
-        // http://www.edoceo.com/liberum/?doc=printf-with-color
+        // http://www.edoceo.com/liberum/?doc=PRINTF-with-color
         // some code explanation (used here):
         // \033[2J : clear screen and go up/left (0, 0 position)
         // \033[K  : clear line from actual position to end of the line
         // \033[0m : reset color parameter
         // \033[1m : use bold for font
-        Iprintf ("\n");
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            Iprintf
-                ("\033[32mPour afficher les commandes, tapez 'Entrée'.\033[0m\n");
-        }
-        else
-            Iprintf ("\033[32mTo list the commands, type 'enter'.\033[0m\n");
-        Iprintf ("\033[0;36mLadmin-> \033[0m");
-        Iprintf ("\033[1m");
-        fflush (stdout);
+        Iprintf("\n");
+        Iprintf("\033[32mTo list the commands, type 'enter'.\033[0m\n");
+        Iprintf("\033[0;36mLadmin-> \033[0m");
+        Iprintf("\033[1m");
+        fflush(stdout);
 
         // get command and parameter
-        memset (buf, '\0', sizeof (buf));
-        fflush (stdin);
-        if (!fgets (buf, 1023, stdin))
-            exit (0);
+        memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+        fflush(stdin);
+        if (!fgets(buf, 1023, stdin))
+            exit(0);
         buf[1023] = '\0';
 
-        Iprintf ("\033[0m");
-        fflush (stdout);
+        Iprintf("\033[0m");
+        fflush(stdout);
 
-        if (!eathena_interactive_session && !strlen (buf))
-            exit (0);
+        if (!eathena_interactive_session && !strlen(buf))
+            exit(0);
 
         // remove final \n
-        if ((p = strrchr (buf, '\n')) != NULL)
+        if ((p = strrchr(buf, '\n')) != NULL)
             p[0] = '\0';
         // remove all control char
         for (i = 0; buf[i]; i++)
             if (buf[i] < 32)
             {
                 // remove cursor control.
-                if (buf[i] == 27 && buf[i + 1] == '[' && (buf[i + 2] == 'H' ||  // home position (cursor)
-                                                          buf[i + 2] == 'J' ||  // clear screen
-                                                          buf[i + 2] == 'A' ||  // up 1 line
-                                                          buf[i + 2] == 'B' ||  // down 1 line
-                                                          buf[i + 2] == 'C' ||  // right 1 position
-                                                          buf[i + 2] == 'D' ||  // left 1 position
-                                                          buf[i + 2] == 'G'))
-                {               // center cursor (windows)
+                if (buf[i] == 27
+                    && buf[i + 1] == '['
+                    && (buf[i + 2] == 'H' // home position (cursor)
+                        || buf[i + 2] == 'J' // clear screen
+                        || buf[i + 2] == 'A' // up 1 line
+                        || buf[i + 2] == 'B' // down 1 line
+                        || buf[i + 2] == 'C' // right 1 position
+                        || buf[i + 2] == 'D' // left 1 position
+                        || buf[i + 2] == 'G')) // center cursor (windows)
+                {
                     for (j = i; buf[j]; j++)
                         buf[j] = buf[j + 3];
                 }
                 else if (buf[i] == 27 && buf[i + 1] == '['
                          && buf[i + 2] == '2' && buf[i + 3] == 'J')
-                {               // clear screen
+                {
+                    // clear screen
                     for (j = i; buf[j]; j++)
                         buf[j] = buf[j + 4];
                 }
-                else if (buf[i] == 27 && buf[i + 1] == '[' && buf[i + 3] == '~' && (buf[i + 2] == '1' ||    // home (windows)
-                                                                                    buf[i + 2] == '2' ||    // insert (windows)
-                                                                                    buf[i + 2] == '3' ||    // del (windows)
-                                                                                    buf[i + 2] == '4' ||    // end (windows)
-                                                                                    buf[i + 2] == '5' ||    // pgup (windows)
-                                                                                    buf
-                                                                                    [i
-                                                                                     +
-                                                                                     2]
-                                                                                    ==
-                                                                                    '6'))
-                {               // pgdown (windows)
+                else if (buf[i] == 27
+                        && buf[i + 1] == '['
+                        && buf[i + 3] == '~'
+                        && (buf[i + 2] == '1' // home (windows)
+                            || buf[i + 2] == '2' // insert (windows)
+                            || buf[i + 2] == '3' // del (windows)
+                            || buf[i + 2] == '4' // end (windows)
+                            || buf[i + 2] == '5' // pgup (windows)
+                            || buf[i + 2] == '6')) // pgdown (windows)
+                {
                     for (j = i; buf[j]; j++)
                         buf[j] = buf[j + 4];
                 }
@@ -4324,236 +2500,190 @@ int prompt (void)
                 i--;
             }
 
+        char command[1024];
         // extract command name and parameters
-        memset (command, '\0', sizeof (command));
-        memset (parameters, '\0', sizeof (parameters));
-        sscanf (buf, "%1023s %[^\n]", command, parameters);
+        memset(command, '\0', sizeof(command));
+        memset(parameters, '\0', sizeof(parameters));
+        sscanf(buf, "%1023s %[^\n]", command, parameters);
         command[1023] = '\0';
         parameters[1023] = '\0';
 
         // lowercase for command line
         for (i = 0; command[i]; i++)
-            command[i] = tolower (command[i]);
+            command[i] = tolower(command[i]);
 
-        if (command[0] == '?' || strlen (command) == 0)
+        if (command[0] == '?' || strlen(command) == 0)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                strcpy (buf, "aide");
-                strcpy (command, "aide");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                strcpy (buf, "help");
-                strcpy (command, "help");
-            }
+            strcpy(buf, "help");
+            strcpy(command, "help");
         }
 
         // Analyse of the command
-        check_command (command);    // give complete name to the command
+        check_command(command);    // give complete name to the command
 
-        if (strlen (parameters) == 0)
+        if (strlen(parameters) == 0)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                ladmin_log ("Commande: '%s' (sans paramètre)\n",
-                            command, parameters);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ladmin_log ("Command: '%s' (without parameters)\n",
-                            command, parameters);
-            }
+            LADMIN_LOG("Command: '%s' (without parameters)\n",
+                        command);
         }
         else
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                ladmin_log ("Commande: '%s', paramètres: '%s'\n",
-                            command, parameters);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ladmin_log ("Command: '%s', parameters: '%s'\n",
-                            command, parameters);
-            }
+            LADMIN_LOG("Command: '%s', parameters: '%s'\n",
+                        command, parameters);
         }
 
         // Analyse of the command
 // help
-        if (strcmp (command, "aide") == 0)
-        {
-            display_help (parameters, 1);   // 1: french
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "help") == 0)
+        if (strcmp(command, "help") == 0)
         {
-            display_help (parameters, 0);   // 0: english
+            display_help(parameters);
 // general commands
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "add") == 0)
-        {
-            addaccount (parameters, 0); // 0: no email
-        }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "ban") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "add") == 0)
         {
-            banaccount (parameters);
+            addaccount(parameters, 0); // 0: no email
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "banadd") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "ban") == 0)
         {
-            banaddaccount (parameters);
+            banaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "banset") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "banadd") == 0)
         {
-            bansetaccount (parameters);
+            banaddaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "block") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "banset") == 0)
         {
-            blockaccount (parameters);
+            bansetaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "check") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "block") == 0)
         {
-            checkaccount (parameters);
+            blockaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "create") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "check") == 0)
         {
-            addaccount (parameters, 1); // 1: with email
+            checkaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "delete") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "create") == 0)
         {
-            delaccount (parameters);
+            addaccount(parameters, 1); // 1: with email
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "email") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "delete") == 0)
         {
-            changeemail (parameters);
+            delaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "getcount") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "email") == 0)
         {
-            getlogincount ();
+            changeemail(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "gm") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "getcount") == 0)
         {
-            changegmlevel (parameters);
+            getlogincount();
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "id") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "gm") == 0)
         {
-            idaccount (parameters);
+            changegmlevel(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "info") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "id") == 0)
         {
-            infoaccount (atoi (parameters));
+            idaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "kami") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "info") == 0)
         {
-            sendbroadcast (0, parameters);  // flag for normal
+            infoaccount(atoi(parameters));
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "kamib") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "kami") == 0)
         {
-            sendbroadcast (0x10, parameters);   // flag for blue
+            sendbroadcast(0, parameters);  // flag for normal
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "language") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "kamib") == 0)
         {
-            changelanguage (parameters);
+            sendbroadcast(0x10, parameters);   // flag for blue
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "itemfrob") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "itemfrob") == 0)
         {
-            itemfrob (parameters);  // 0: to list all
+            itemfrob(parameters);  // 0: to list all
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "list") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "list") == 0)
         {
-            listaccount (parameters, 0);    // 0: to list all
+            listaccount(parameters, 0);    // 0: to list all
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listban") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "listban") == 0)
         {
-            listaccount (parameters, 3);    // 3: to list only accounts with state or bannished
+            listaccount(parameters, 3);    // 3: to list only accounts with state or bannished
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listgm") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "listgm") == 0)
         {
-            listaccount (parameters, 1);    // 1: to list only GM
+            listaccount(parameters, 1);    // 1: to list only GM
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "listok") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "listok") == 0)
         {
-            listaccount (parameters, 4);    // 4: to list only accounts without state and not bannished
+            listaccount(parameters, 4);    // 4: to list only accounts without state and not bannished
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "memo") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "memo") == 0)
         {
-            changememo (parameters);
+            changememo(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "name") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "name") == 0)
         {
-            nameaccount (atoi (parameters));
+            nameaccount(atoi(parameters));
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "password") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "password") == 0)
         {
-            changepasswd (parameters);
+            changepasswd(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "reloadgm") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "reloadgm") == 0)
         {
-            reloadGM ();
+            reloadGM(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "search") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "search") == 0)
         {                       // no regex in C version
-            listaccount (parameters, 2);    // 2: to list with pattern
+            listaccount(parameters, 2);    // 2: to list with pattern
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "sex") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "sex") == 0)
         {
-            changesex (parameters);
+            changesex(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "state") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "state") == 0)
         {
-            changestate (parameters);
+            changestate(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "timeadd") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "timeadd") == 0)
         {
-            timeaddaccount (parameters);
+            timeaddaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "timeset") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "timeset") == 0)
         {
-            timesetaccount (parameters);
+            timesetaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "unban") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "unban") == 0)
         {
-            unbanaccount (parameters);
+            unbanaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "unblock") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "unblock") == 0)
         {
-            unblockaccount (parameters);
+            unblockaccount(parameters);
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "version") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "version") == 0)
         {
-            checkloginversion ();
+            checkloginversion();
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "who") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "who") == 0)
         {
-            whoaccount (parameters);
+            whoaccount(parameters);
 // quit
         }
-        else if (strcmp (command, "quit") == 0 ||
-                 strcmp (command, "exit") == 0 ||
-                 strcmp (command, "end") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(command, "quit") == 0 ||
+                 strcmp(command, "exit") == 0 ||
+                 strcmp(command, "end") == 0)
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Au revoir.\n");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf ("Bye.\n");
-            }
-            exit (0);
+            PRINTF("Bye.\n");
+            exit(0);
 // unknown command
         }
         else
         {
-            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-            {
-                printf ("Commande inconnue [%s].\n", buf);
-                ladmin_log ("Commande inconnue [%s].\n", buf);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                printf ("Unknown command [%s].\n", buf);
-                ladmin_log ("Unknown command [%s].\n", buf);
-            }
+            PRINTF("Unknown command [%s].\n", buf);
+            LADMIN_LOG("Unknown command [%s].\n", buf);
         }
     }
 
@@ -4564,1646 +2694,870 @@ int prompt (void)
 // Function: Parse receiving informations from the login-server
 //-------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-void parse_fromlogin (int fd)
+void parse_fromlogin(int fd)
 {
-    struct char_session_data *sd;
-
     if (session[fd]->eof)
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Impossible de se connecter au serveur de login [%s:%d] !\n",
-                 loginserverip, loginserverport);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Impossible de se connecter au serveur de login [%s:%d] !\n",
-                  loginserverip, loginserverport);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf
-                ("Impossible to have a connection with the login-server [%s:%d] !\n",
-                 loginserverip, loginserverport);
-            ladmin_log
-                ("Impossible to have a connection with the login-server [%s:%d] !\n",
-                  loginserverip, loginserverport);
-        }
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
-        exit (0);
+        PRINTF("Impossible to have a connection with the login-server [%s:%d] !\n",
+             loginserverip, loginserverport);
+        LADMIN_LOG("Impossible to have a connection with the login-server [%s:%d] !\n",
+              loginserverip, loginserverport);
+        delete_session(fd);
+        exit(0);
     }
 
-//  printf("parse_fromlogin : %d %d %d\n", fd, RFIFOREST(fd), RFIFOW(fd,0));
-    sd = (struct char_session_data *)session[fd]->session_data;
+//  PRINTF("parse_fromlogin : %d %d %d\n", fd, RFIFOREST(fd), RFIFOW(fd,0));
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
             case 0x7919:       // answer of a connection request
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 3)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 3)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOB (fd, 2) != 0)
+                if (RFIFOB(fd, 2) != 0)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf ("Erreur de login:\n");
-                        printf (" - mot de passe incorrect,\n");
-                        printf
-                            (" - système d'administration non activé, ou\n");
-                        printf (" - IP non autorisée.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Erreur de login: mot de passe incorrect, système d'administration non activé, ou IP non autorisée.\n");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("Error at login:\n");
-                        printf (" - incorrect password,\n");
-                        printf
-                            (" - administration system not activated, or\n");
-                        printf (" - unauthorised IP.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Error at login: incorrect password, administration system not activated, or unauthorised IP.\n");
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Error at login:\n");
+                    PRINTF(" - incorrect password,\n");
+                    PRINTF(" - administration system not activated, or\n");
+                    PRINTF(" - unauthorised IP.\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Error at login: incorrect password, administration system not activated, or unauthorised IP.\n");
                     session[fd]->eof = 1;
                     //bytes_to_read = 1; // not stop at prompt
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf ("Connexion établie.\n");
-                        ladmin_log ("Connexion établie.\n");
-                        printf
-                            ("Lecture de la version du serveur de login...\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Lecture de la version du serveur de login...\n");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Iprintf ("Established connection.\n");
-                        ladmin_log ("Established connection.\n");
-                        Iprintf
-                            ("Reading of the version of the login-server...\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Reading of the version of the login-server...\n");
-                    }
+                    Iprintf("Established connection.\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Established connection.\n");
+                    Iprintf("Reading of the version of the login-server...\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Reading of the version of the login-server...\n");
                     //bytes_to_read = 1; // unchanged
-                    checkloginversion ();
+                    checkloginversion();
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 3);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 3);
                 break;
 
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
             case 0x01dc:       // answer of a coding key request
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
                     char md5str[64] = "";
-                    uint8_t md5bin[32], md5key[RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4 + 1];
-                    memcpy (md5key, RFIFOP (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4);
-                    md5key[sizeof (md5key) - 1] = '0';
+                    uint8_t md5bin[32], md5key[RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4 + 1];
+                    memcpy(md5key, RFIFOP(fd, 4), RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4);
+                    md5key[sizeof(md5key) - 1] = '0';
                     if (passenc == 1)
                     {
-                        strncpy (md5str, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4);
-                        strcat (md5str, loginserveradminpassword);
+                        strncpy(md5str, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4), RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4);
+                        strcat(md5str, loginserveradminpassword);
                     }
                     else if (passenc == 2)
                     {
-                        strncpy (md5str, loginserveradminpassword,
-                                 sizeof (loginserveradminpassword));
-                        strcat (md5str, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4));
+                        strncpy(md5str, loginserveradminpassword,
+                                 sizeof(loginserveradminpassword));
+                        strcat(md5str, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4));
                     }
                     MD5_to_bin(MD5_from_cstring(md5str), md5bin);
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7918;  // Request for administation login (encrypted password)
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 2) = passenc; // Encrypted type
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 4), md5bin, 16);
-                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 20);
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        Iprintf ("Réception de la clef MD5.\n");
-                        ladmin_log ("Réception de la clef MD5.\n");
-                        Iprintf ("Envoi du mot de passe crypté...\n");
-                        ladmin_log ("Envoi du mot de passe crypté...\n");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Iprintf ("Receiving of the MD5 key.\n");
-                        ladmin_log ("Receiving of the MD5 key.\n");
-                        Iprintf ("Sending of the encrypted password...\n");
-                        ladmin_log ("Sending of the encrypted password...\n");
-                    }
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7918;  // Request for administation login (encrypted password)
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 2) = passenc; // Encrypted type
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 4), md5bin, 16);
+                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 20);
+                    Iprintf("Receiving of the MD5 key.\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Receiving of the MD5 key.\n");
+                    Iprintf("Sending of the encrypted password...\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Sending of the encrypted password...\n");
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 1;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
-#endif
 
             case 0x7531:       // Displaying of the version of the login-server
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 10)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 10)
                     return;
-                Iprintf ("  Login-Server [%s:%d]\n", loginserverip,
+                Iprintf("  Login-Server [%s:%d]\n", loginserverip,
                          loginserverport);
-                if (((int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 5)) == 0)
+                if (((int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 5)) == 0)
                 {
-                    Iprintf ("  eAthena version stable-%d.%d",
-                             (int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 2),
-                             (int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 3));
+                    Iprintf("  eAthena version stable-%d.%d",
+                             (int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 2),
+                             (int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 3));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    Iprintf ("  eAthena version dev-%d.%d",
-                             (int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 2),
-                             (int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 3));
+                    Iprintf("  eAthena version dev-%d.%d",
+                             (int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 2),
+                             (int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 3));
                 }
-                if (((int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 4)) == 0)
-                    Iprintf (" revision %d", (int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 4));
-                if (((int) RFIFOB (login_fd, 6)) == 0)
+                if (((int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 4)) == 0)
+                    Iprintf(" revision %d", (int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 4));
+                if (((int) RFIFOB(login_fd, 6)) == 0)
                 {
-                    Iprintf ("%d.\n", RFIFOW (login_fd, 8));
+                    Iprintf("%d.\n", RFIFOW(login_fd, 8));
                 }
                 else
-                    Iprintf ("-mod%d.\n", RFIFOW (login_fd, 8));
+                    Iprintf("-mod%d.\n", RFIFOW(login_fd, 8));
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 10);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7925:       // Itemfrob-OK
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
                 break;
 
             case 0x7921:       // Displaying of the list of accounts
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) < 5)
+                if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) < 5)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
+                    LADMIN_LOG("  Receiving of a void accounts list.\n");
+                    if (list_count == 0)
                     {
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("  Réception d'une liste des comptes vide.\n");
-                        if (list_count == 0)
-                            printf ("Aucun compte trouvé.\n");
-                        else if (list_count == 1)
-                            printf ("1 compte trouvé.\n");
-                        else
-                            printf ("%d comptes trouvés.\n", list_count);
+                        Iprintf("No account found.\n");
                     }
-                    else
+                    else if (list_count == 1)
                     {
-                        ladmin_log ("  Receiving of a void accounts list.\n");
-                        if (list_count == 0)
-                        {
-                            Iprintf ("No account found.\n");
-                        }
-                        else if (list_count == 1)
-                        {
-                            Iprintf ("1 account found.\n");
-                        }
-                        else
-                            Iprintf ("%d accounts found.\n", list_count);
+                        Iprintf("1 account found.\n");
                     }
+                    else
+                        Iprintf("%d accounts found.\n", list_count);
                     bytes_to_read = 0;
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    int  i;
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        ladmin_log ("  Réception d'une liste des comptes.\n");
-                    else
-                        ladmin_log ("  Receiving of a accounts list.\n");
-                    for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i += 38)
+                    int i;
+                    LADMIN_LOG("  Receiving of a accounts list.\n");
+                    for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i += 38)
                     {
-                        int  j;
+                        int j;
                         char userid[24];
                         char lower_userid[24];
-                        memcpy (userid, RFIFOP (fd, i + 5), sizeof (userid));
-                        userid[sizeof (userid) - 1] = '\0';
-                        memset (lower_userid, '\0', sizeof (lower_userid));
+                        memcpy(userid, RFIFOP(fd, i + 5), sizeof(userid));
+                        userid[sizeof(userid) - 1] = '\0';
+                        memset(lower_userid, '\0', sizeof(lower_userid));
                         for (j = 0; userid[j]; j++)
-                            lower_userid[j] = tolower (userid[j]);
-                        list_first = RFIFOL (fd, i) + 1;
+                            lower_userid[j] = tolower(userid[j]);
+                        list_first = RFIFOL(fd, i) + 1;
                         // here are checks...
                         if (list_type == 0 ||
-                            (list_type == 1 && RFIFOB (fd, i + 4) > 0) ||
+                            (list_type == 1 && RFIFOB(fd, i + 4) > 0) ||
                             (list_type == 2
-                             && strstr (lower_userid, parameters) != NULL)
-                            || (list_type == 3 && RFIFOL (fd, i + 34) != 0)
-                            || (list_type == 4 && RFIFOL (fd, i + 34) == 0))
+                             && strstr(lower_userid, parameters) != NULL)
+                            ||(list_type == 3 && RFIFOL(fd, i + 34) != 0)
+                            ||(list_type == 4 && RFIFOL(fd, i + 34) == 0))
                         {
-                            printf ("%10d ", RFIFOL (fd, i));
-                            if (RFIFOB (fd, i + 4) == 0)
-                                printf ("   ");
+                            PRINTF("%10d ", RFIFOL(fd, i));
+                            if (RFIFOB(fd, i + 4) == 0)
+                                PRINTF("   ");
                             else
-                                printf ("%2d ", (int) RFIFOB (fd, i + 4));
-                            printf ("%-24s", userid);
-                            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                            {
-                                if (RFIFOB (fd, i + 29) == 0)
-                                    printf ("%-5s ", "Femme");
-                                else if (RFIFOB (fd, i + 29) == 1)
-                                    printf ("%-5s ", "Male");
-                                else
-                                    printf ("%-5s ", "Servr");
-                            }
+                                PRINTF("%2d ", (int) RFIFOB(fd, i + 4));
+                            PRINTF("%-24s", userid);
+                            if (RFIFOB(fd, i + 29) == 0)
+                                PRINTF("%-5s ", "Femal");
+                            else if (RFIFOB(fd, i + 29) == 1)
+                                PRINTF("%-5s ", "Male");
                             else
-                            {
-                                if (RFIFOB (fd, i + 29) == 0)
-                                    printf ("%-5s ", "Femal");
-                                else if (RFIFOB (fd, i + 29) == 1)
-                                    printf ("%-5s ", "Male");
-                                else
-                                    printf ("%-5s ", "Servr");
-                            }
-                            printf ("%6d ", RFIFOL (fd, i + 30));
-                            switch (RFIFOL (fd, i + 34))
+                                PRINTF("%-5s ", "Servr");
+                            PRINTF("%6d ", RFIFOL(fd, i + 30));
+                            switch (RFIFOL(fd, i + 34))
                             {
                                 case 0:
-                                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                                        printf ("%-27s\n", "Compte Ok");
-                                    else
-                                        printf ("%-27s\n", "Account OK");
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "Account OK");
                                     break;
                                 case 1:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "Unregistered ID");
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "Unregistered ID");
                                     break;
                                 case 2:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "Incorrect Password");
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "Incorrect Password");
                                     break;
                                 case 3:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "This ID is expired");
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "This ID is expired");
                                     break;
                                 case 4:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n",
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n",
                                             "Rejected from Server");
                                     break;
                                 case 5:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "Blocked by the GM Team");   // You have been blocked by the GM Team
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "Blocked by the GM Team");   // You have been blocked by the GM Team
                                     break;
                                 case 6:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "Your EXE file is too old"); // Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "Your EXE file is too old"); // Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
                                     break;
                                 case 7:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "Banishement or");
-                                    printf ("                                                   Prohibited to login until...\n");   // You are Prohibited to log in until %s
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "Banishement or");
+                                    PRINTF("                                                   Prohibited to login until...\n");   // You are Prohibited to log in until %s
                                     break;
                                 case 8:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n",
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n",
                                             "Server is over populated");
                                     break;
                                 case 9:
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "No MSG");
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "No MSG");
                                     break;
                                 default:   // 100
-                                    printf ("%-27s\n", "This ID is totally erased");    // This ID has been totally erased
+                                    PRINTF("%-27s\n", "This ID is totally erased");    // This ID has been totally erased
                                     break;
                             }
                             list_count++;
                         }
                     }
                     // asking of the following acounts
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Envoi d'un requête au serveur de logins pour obtenir la liste des comptes de %d à %d (complément).\n",
-                              list_first, list_last);
-                    else
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Request to login-server to obtain the list of accounts from %d to %d (complement).\n",
-                              list_first, list_last);
-                    WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7920;
-                    WFIFOL (login_fd, 2) = list_first;
-                    WFIFOL (login_fd, 6) = list_last;
-                    WFIFOSET (login_fd, 10);
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Request to login-server to obtain the list of accounts from %d to %d (complement).\n",
+                          list_first, list_last);
+                    WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7920;
+                    WFIFOL(login_fd, 2) = list_first;
+                    WFIFOL(login_fd, 6) = list_last;
+                    WFIFOSET(login_fd, 10);
                     bytes_to_read = 1;
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
             case 0x7931:       // Answer of login-server about an account creation
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec à la création du compte [%s]. Un compte identique existe déjà.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec à la création du compte [%s]. Un compte identique existe déjà.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] creation failed. Same account already exists.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] creation failed. Same account already exists.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] creation failed. Same account already exists.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] creation failed. Same account already exists.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf ("Compte [%s] créé avec succès [id: %d].\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log ("Compte [%s] créé avec succès [id: %d].\n",
-                                     RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] is successfully created [id: %d].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] is successfully created [id: %d].\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] is successfully created [id: %d].\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] is successfully created [id: %d].\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7933:       // Answer of login-server about an account deletion
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec de la suppression du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec de la suppression du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] deletion failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] deletion failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] deletion failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] deletion failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf ("Compte [%s][id: %d] SUPPRIME avec succès.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Compte [%s][id: %d] SUPPRIME avec succès.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] is successfully DELETED.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] is successfully DELETED.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s][id: %d] is successfully DELETED.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s][id: %d] is successfully DELETED.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7935:       // answer of the change of an account password
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec de la modification du mot de passe du compte [%s].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf ("Le compte [%s] n'existe pas.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec de la modification du mot de passe du compte. Le compte [%s] n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("Account [%s] password changing failed.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf ("Account [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account password changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] password changing failed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account password changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Modification du mot de passe du compte [%s][id: %d] réussie.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Modification du mot de passe du compte [%s][id: %d] réussie.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] password successfully changed.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] password successfully changed.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s][id: %d] password successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s][id: %d] password successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7937:       // answer of the change of an account state
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 34)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 34)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec du changement du statut du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec du changement du statut du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] state changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] state changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] state changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] state changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    char tmpstr[256];
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        sprintf (tmpstr,
-                                 "Statut du compte [%s] changé avec succès en [",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        sprintf (tmpstr,
-                                 "Account [%s] state successfully changed in [",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    switch (RFIFOL (fd, 30))
+                    std::string tmpstr = STRPRINTF(
+                             "Account [%s] state successfully changed in [",
+                             static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    switch (RFIFOL(fd, 30))
                     {
                         case 0:
-                            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                                strcat (tmpstr, "0: Compte Ok");
-                            else
-                                strcat (tmpstr, "0: Account OK");
+                            tmpstr += "0: Account OK";
                             break;
                         case 1:
-                            strcat (tmpstr, "1: Unregistered ID");
+                            tmpstr += "1: Unregistered ID";
                             break;
                         case 2:
-                            strcat (tmpstr, "2: Incorrect Password");
+                            tmpstr += "2: Incorrect Password";
                             break;
                         case 3:
-                            strcat (tmpstr, "3: This ID is expired");
+                            tmpstr += "3: This ID is expired";
                             break;
                         case 4:
-                            strcat (tmpstr, "4: Rejected from Server");
+                            tmpstr += "4: Rejected from Server";
                             break;
                         case 5:
-                            strcat (tmpstr,
-                                    "5: You have been blocked by the GM Team");
+                            tmpstr += "5: You have been blocked by the GM Team";
                             break;
                         case 6:
-                            strcat (tmpstr,
-                                    "6: [Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version");
+                            tmpstr += "6: [Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version";
                             break;
                         case 7:
-                            strcat (tmpstr,
-                                    "7: You are Prohibited to log in until...");
+                            tmpstr += "7: You are Prohibited to log in until...";
                             break;
                         case 8:
-                            strcat (tmpstr,
-                                    "8: Server is jammed due to over populated");
+                            tmpstr += "8: Server is jammed due to over populated";
                             break;
                         case 9:
-                            strcat (tmpstr, "9: No MSG");
+                            tmpstr += "9: No MSG";
                             break;
                         default:   // 100
-                            strcat (tmpstr, "100: This ID is totally erased");
+                            tmpstr += "100: This ID is totally erased";
                             break;
                     }
-                    strcat (tmpstr, "]");
-                    printf ("%s\n", tmpstr);
-                    ladmin_log ("%s%s", tmpstr, "\n");
+                    tmpstr += ']';
+                    PRINTF("%s\n", tmpstr);
+                    LADMIN_LOG("%s\n", tmpstr);
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 34);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7939:       // answer of the number of online players
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
                     // Get length of the received packet
-                    int  i;
+                    int i;
                     char name[20];
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("  Réception du nombre de joueurs en ligne.\n");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("  Receiving of the number of online players.\n");
-                    }
+                    LADMIN_LOG("  Receiving of the number of online players.\n");
                     // Read information of the servers
-                    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) < 5)
+                    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) < 5)
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("  Aucun serveur n'est connecté au login serveur.\n");
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("  No server is connected to the login-server.\n");
-                        }
+                        PRINTF("  No server is connected to the login-server.\n");
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("  Nombre de joueurs en ligne (serveur: nb):\n");
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("  Number of online players (server: number).\n");
-                        }
+                        PRINTF("  Number of online players (server: number).\n");
                         // Displaying of result
-                        for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i += 32)
+                        for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i += 32)
                         {
-                            memcpy (name, RFIFOP (fd, i + 6), sizeof (name));
-                            name[sizeof (name) - 1] = '\0';
-                            printf ("    %-20s : %5d\n", name,
-                                    RFIFOW (fd, i + 26));
+                            memcpy(name, RFIFOP(fd, i + 6), sizeof(name));
+                            name[sizeof(name) - 1] = '\0';
+                            PRINTF("    %-20s : %5d\n", name,
+                                    RFIFOW(fd, i + 26));
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
             case 0x793b:       // answer of the check of a password
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Le compte [%s] n'existe pas ou le mot de passe est incorrect.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Le compte [%s] n'existe pas ou le mot de passe est incorrect.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("The account [%s] doesn't exist or the password is incorrect.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("The account [%s] doesn't exist or the password is incorrect.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("The account [%s] doesn't exist or the password is incorrect.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("The account [%s] doesn't exist or the password is incorrect.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Le mot de passe donné correspond bien au compte [%s][id: %d].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Le mot de passe donné correspond bien au compte [%s][id: %d].\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("The proposed password is correct for the account [%s][id: %d].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("The proposed password is correct for the account [%s][id: %d].\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("The proposed password is correct for the account [%s][id: %d].\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("The proposed password is correct for the account [%s][id: %d].\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x793d:       // answer of the change of an account sex
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec de la modification du sexe du compte [%s].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf
-                            ("Le compte [%s] n'existe pas ou le sexe est déjà celui demandé.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec de la modification du sexe du compte. Le compte [%s] n'existe pas ou le sexe est déjà celui demandé.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("Account [%s] sex changing failed.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] doesn't exist or the sex is already the good sex.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account sex changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist or the sex is already the good sex.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] sex changing failed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] doesn't exist or the sex is already the good sex.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account sex changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist or the sex is already the good sex.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Sexe du compte [%s][id: %d] changé avec succès.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Sexe du compte [%s][id: %d] changé avec succès.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] sex successfully changed.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] sex successfully changed.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s][id: %d] sex successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s][id: %d] sex successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x793f:       // answer of the change of an account GM level
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec de la modification du niveau de GM du compte [%s].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf
-                            ("Le compte [%s] n'existe pas, le niveau de GM est déjà celui demandé\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf
-                            ("ou il est impossible de modifier le fichier des comptes GM.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec de la modification du niveau de GM du compte. Le compte [%s] n'existe pas, le niveau de GM est déjà celui demandé ou il est impossible de modifier le fichier des comptes GM.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("Account [%s] GM level changing failed.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] doesn't exist, the GM level is already the good GM level\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf
-                            ("or it's impossible to modify the GM accounts file.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account GM level changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist, the GM level is already the good sex or it's impossible to modify the GM accounts file.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] GM level changing failed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] doesn't exist, the GM level is already the good GM level\n",
+                         static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    PRINTF("or it's impossible to modify the GM accounts file.\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account GM level changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist, the GM level is already the good sex or it's impossible to modify the GM accounts file.\n",
+                          static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Niveau de GM du compte [%s][id: %d] changé avec succès.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Niveau de GM du compte [%s][id: %d] changé avec succès.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] GM level successfully changed.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] GM level successfully changed.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s][id: %d] GM level successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s][id: %d] GM level successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7941:       // answer of the change of an account email
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec de la modification de l'e-mail du compte [%s].\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf ("Le compte [%s] n'existe pas.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec de la modification de l'e-mail du compte. Le compte [%s] n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("Account [%s] e-mail changing failed.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        printf ("Account [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account e-mail changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] e-mail changing failed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account e-mail changing failed. The compte [%s] doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Modification de l'e-mail du compte [%s][id: %d] réussie.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Modification de l'e-mail du compte [%s][id: %d] réussie.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] e-mail successfully changed.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] e-mail successfully changed.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s][id: %d] e-mail successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s][id: %d] e-mail successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7943:       // answer of the change of an account memo
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec du changement du mémo du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec du changement du mémo du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] memo changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] memo changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] memo changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] memo changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Mémo du compte [%s][id: %d] changé avec succès.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Mémo du compte [%s][id: %d] changé avec succès.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] memo successfully changed.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s][id: %d] memo successfully changed.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s][id: %d] memo successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s][id: %d] memo successfully changed.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7945:       // answer of an account id search
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Impossible de trouver l'id du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Impossible de trouver l'id du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Unable to find the account [%s] id. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Unable to find the account [%s] id. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Unable to find the account [%s] id. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Unable to find the account [%s] id. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf ("Le compte [%s] a pour id: %d.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log ("Le compte [%s] a pour id: %d.\n",
-                                    RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("The account [%s] have the id: %d.\n",
-                                RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log ("The account [%s] have the id: %d.\n",
-                                     RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("The account [%s] have the id: %d.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("The account [%s] have the id: %d.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7947:       // answer of an account name search
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
-                if (strcmp ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6), "") == 0)
+                if (strcmp((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 6), "") == 0)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Impossible de trouver le nom du compte [%d]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Impossible de trouver le nom du compte [%d]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Unable to find the account [%d] name. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Unable to find the account [%d] name. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Unable to find the account [%d] name. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                         RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Unable to find the account [%d] name. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                          RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf ("Le compte [id: %d] a pour nom: %s.\n",
-                                RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log ("Le compte [id: %d] a pour nom: %s.\n",
-                                     RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf ("The account [id: %d] have the name: %s.\n",
-                                RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log ("The account [id: %d] have the name: %s.\n",
-                                     RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("The account [id: %d] have the name: %s.\n",
+                            RFIFOL(fd, 2), static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("The account [id: %d] have the name: %s.\n",
+                            RFIFOL(fd, 2), static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7949:       // answer of an account validity limit set
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 34)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 34)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec du changement de la validité du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec du changement de la validité du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp = RFIFOL (fd, 30);
-                    if (timestamp == 0)
+                    TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 30));
+                    if (!timestamp)
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès en [illimité].\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès en [illimité].\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unlimited].\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unlimited].\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
+                        PRINTF("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unlimited].\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unlimited].\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        char tmpstr[128];
-                        strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                  localtime (&timestamp));
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
+                        timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                        PRINTF("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2), tmpstr);
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Validity Limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                                tmpstr);
                     }
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 34);
                 break;
 
             case 0x794b:       // answer of an account ban set
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 34)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 34)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec du changement de la date finale de banissement du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec du changement de la date finale de banissement du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp = RFIFOL (fd, 30);
-                    if (timestamp == 0)
+                    TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 30));
+                    if (!timestamp)
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès en [dé-bannie].\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès en [dé-bannie].\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
+                        PRINTF("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        char tmpstr[128];
-                        strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                  localtime (&timestamp));
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
+                        timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                        PRINTF("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2), tmpstr);
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                                tmpstr);
                     }
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 34);
                 break;
 
             case 0x794d:       // answer of an account ban date/time changing
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 34)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 34)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec du changement de la date finale de banissement du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec du changement de la date finale de banissement du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp = RFIFOL (fd, 30);
-                    if (timestamp == 0)
+                    TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 30));
+                    if (!timestamp)
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès en [dé-bannie].\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès en [dé-bannie].\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
+                        PRINTF("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to [unbanished].\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        char tmpstr[128];
-                        strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                  localtime (&timestamp));
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Date finale de banissement du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
+                        timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                        PRINTF("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                                tmpstr);
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Final date of banishment of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                                tmpstr);
                     }
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 34);
                 break;
 
             case 0x794f:       // answer of a broadcast
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == (unsigned short) -1)
+                if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == (unsigned short) -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec de l'envoi du message. Aucun server de char en ligne.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec de l'envoi du message. Aucun server de char en ligne.\n");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Message sending failed. No online char-server.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Message sending failed. No online char-server.\n");
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Message sending failed. No online char-server.\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Message sending failed. No online char-server.\n");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Message transmis au server de logins avec succès.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Message transmis au server de logins avec succès.\n");
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Message successfully sended to login-server.\n");
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Message successfully sended to login-server.\n");
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Message successfully sended to login-server.\n");
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Message successfully sended to login-server.\n");
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 4);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 4);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7951:       // answer of an account validity limit changing
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 34)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 34)
                     return;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
                 {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Echec du changement de la validité du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Echec du changement de la validité du compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        printf
-                            ("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                             RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                        ladmin_log
-                            ("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                              RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-                    }
+                    PRINTF("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
+                    LADMIN_LOG("Account [%s] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                            static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp = RFIFOL (fd, 30);
-                    if (timestamp == 0)
+                    TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 30));
+                    if (!timestamp)
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] inchangée.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            printf
-                                ("Le compte a une validité illimitée ou\n");
-                            printf
-                                ("la modification est impossible avec les ajustements demandés.\n");
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] inchangée. Le compte a une validité illimitée ou la modification est impossible avec les ajustements demandés.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] unchanged.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                            printf
-                                ("The account have an unlimited validity limit or\n");
-                            printf
-                                ("the changing is impossible with the proposed adjustments.\n");
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] unchanged. The account have an unlimited validity limit or the changing is impossible with the proposed adjustments.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-                        }
+                        PRINTF("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] unchanged.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
+                        PRINTF("The account have an unlimited validity limit or\n");
+                        PRINTF("the changing is impossible with the proposed adjustments.\n");
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] unchanged. The account have an unlimited validity limit or the changing is impossible with the proposed adjustments.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        char tmpstr[128];
-                        strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                  localtime (&timestamp));
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Limite de validité du compte [%s][id: %d] changée avec succès pour être jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                 RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2), tmpstr);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
-                                  RFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                                 tmpstr);
-                        }
+                        timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                        PRINTF("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                                tmpstr);
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Validity limit of the account [%s][id: %d] successfully changed to be until %s.\n",
+                                static_cast<const char *>( RFIFOP(fd, 6)), RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                                tmpstr);
                     }
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 34);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7953:       // answer of a request about informations of an account (by account name/id)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 150
-                    || RFIFOREST (fd) < (150 + RFIFOW (fd, 148)))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 150
+                    || RFIFOREST(fd) < (150 + RFIFOW(fd, 148)))
                     return;
                 {
                     char userid[24], error_message[20], lastlogin[24],
                         last_ip[16], email[40], memo[255];
-                    time_t ban_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): ban time limit of the account (0 = no ban)
-                    time_t connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
-                    memcpy (userid, RFIFOP (fd, 7), sizeof (userid));
-                    userid[sizeof (userid) - 1] = '\0';
-                    memcpy (error_message, RFIFOP (fd, 40),
-                            sizeof (error_message));
-                    error_message[sizeof (error_message) - 1] = '\0';
-                    memcpy (lastlogin, RFIFOP (fd, 60), sizeof (lastlogin));
-                    lastlogin[sizeof (lastlogin) - 1] = '\0';
-                    memcpy (last_ip, RFIFOP (fd, 84), sizeof (last_ip));
-                    last_ip[sizeof (last_ip) - 1] = '\0';
-                    memcpy (email, RFIFOP (fd, 100), sizeof (email));
-                    email[sizeof (email) - 1] = '\0';
-                    connect_until_time = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 140);
-                    ban_until_time = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 144);
-                    memset (memo, '\0', sizeof (memo));
-                    strncpy (memo, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 150), RFIFOW (fd, 148));
-                    if (RFIFOL (fd, 2) == -1)
-                    {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Impossible de trouver le compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                                 parameters);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Impossible de trouver le compte [%s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                                  parameters);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Unabled to find the account [%s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                                 parameters);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Unabled to find the account [%s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                                  parameters);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else if (strlen (userid) == 0)
-                    {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Impossible de trouver le compte [id: %s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                                 parameters);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Impossible de trouver le compte [id: %s]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n",
-                                  parameters);
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            printf
-                                ("Unabled to find the account [id: %s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                                 parameters);
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Unabled to find the account [id: %s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
-                                  parameters);
-                        }
+                    TimeT ban_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): ban time limit of the account (0 = no ban)
+                    TimeT connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
+                    memcpy(userid, RFIFOP(fd, 7), sizeof(userid));
+                    userid[sizeof(userid) - 1] = '\0';
+                    memcpy(error_message, RFIFOP(fd, 40),
+                            sizeof(error_message));
+                    error_message[sizeof(error_message) - 1] = '\0';
+                    memcpy(lastlogin, RFIFOP(fd, 60), sizeof(lastlogin));
+                    lastlogin[sizeof(lastlogin) - 1] = '\0';
+                    memcpy(last_ip, RFIFOP(fd, 84), sizeof(last_ip));
+                    last_ip[sizeof(last_ip) - 1] = '\0';
+                    memcpy(email, RFIFOP(fd, 100), sizeof(email));
+                    email[sizeof(email) - 1] = '\0';
+                    connect_until_time = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 140));
+                    ban_until_time = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 144));
+                    memset(memo, '\0', sizeof(memo));
+                    strncpy(memo, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 150), RFIFOW(fd, 148));
+                    if (RFIFOL(fd, 2) == -1)
+                    {
+                        PRINTF("Unabled to find the account [%s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                             parameters);
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Unabled to find the account [%s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                              parameters);
+                    }
+                    else if (strlen(userid) == 0)
+                    {
+                        PRINTF("Unabled to find the account [id: %s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                             parameters);
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Unabled to find the account [id: %s]. Account doesn't exist.\n",
+                              parameters);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Réception d'information concernant un compte.\n");
-                            printf
-                                ("Le compte a les caractéristiques suivantes:\n");
-                        }
-                        else
+                        LADMIN_LOG("Receiving information about an account.\n");
+                        PRINTF("The account is set with:\n");
+                        if (RFIFOB(fd, 6) == 0)
                         {
-                            ladmin_log
-                                ("Receiving information about an account.\n");
-                            printf ("The account is set with:\n");
-                        }
-                        if (RFIFOB (fd, 6) == 0)
-                        {
-                            printf (" Id:     %d (non-GM)\n", RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                            PRINTF(" Id:     %d (non-GM)\n", RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                            {
-                                printf (" Id:     %d (GM niveau %d)\n",
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 2), (int) RFIFOB (fd, 6));
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                printf (" Id:     %d (GM level %d)\n",
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 2), (int) RFIFOB (fd, 6));
-                            }
-                        }
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                        {
-                            printf (" Nom:    '%s'\n", userid);
-                            if (RFIFOB (fd, 31) == 0)
-                                printf (" Sexe:   Femme\n");
-                            else if (RFIFOB (fd, 31) == 1)
-                                printf (" Sexe:   Male\n");
-                            else
-                                printf (" Sexe:   Serveur\n");
+                            PRINTF(" Id:     %d (GM level %d)\n",
+                                    RFIFOL(fd, 2), (int) RFIFOB(fd, 6));
                         }
+                        PRINTF(" Name:   '%s'\n", userid);
+                        if (RFIFOB(fd, 31) == 0)
+                            PRINTF(" Sex:    Female\n");
+                        else if (RFIFOB(fd, 31) == 1)
+                            PRINTF(" Sex:    Male\n");
                         else
-                        {
-                            printf (" Name:   '%s'\n", userid);
-                            if (RFIFOB (fd, 31) == 0)
-                                printf (" Sex:    Female\n");
-                            else if (RFIFOB (fd, 31) == 1)
-                                printf (" Sex:    Male\n");
-                            else
-                                printf (" Sex:    Server\n");
-                        }
-                        printf (" E-mail: %s\n", email);
-                        switch (RFIFOL (fd, 36))
+                            PRINTF(" Sex:    Server\n");
+                        PRINTF(" E-mail: %s\n", email);
+                        switch (RFIFOL(fd, 36))
                         {
                             case 0:
-                                if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                                    printf (" Statut: 0 [Compte Ok]\n");
-                                else
-                                    printf (" Statut: 0 [Account OK]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 0 [Account OK]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 1:
-                                printf (" Statut: 1 [Unregistered ID]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 1 [Unregistered ID]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 2:
-                                printf (" Statut: 2 [Incorrect Password]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 2 [Incorrect Password]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 3:
-                                printf (" Statut: 3 [This ID is expired]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 3 [This ID is expired]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 4:
-                                printf
-                                    (" Statut: 4 [Rejected from Server]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 4 [Rejected from Server]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 5:
-                                printf
-                                    (" Statut: 5 [You have been blocked by the GM Team]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 5 [You have been blocked by the GM Team]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 6:
-                                printf
-                                    (" Statut: 6 [Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 6 [Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 7:
-                                printf
-                                    (" Statut: 7 [You are Prohibited to log in until %s]\n",
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 7 [You are Prohibited to log in until %s]\n",
                                      error_message);
                                 break;
                             case 8:
-                                printf
-                                    (" Statut: 8 [Server is jammed due to over populated]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 8 [Server is jammed due to over populated]\n");
                                 break;
                             case 9:
-                                printf (" Statut: 9 [No MSG]\n");
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: 9 [No MSG]\n");
                                 break;
                             default:   // 100
-                                printf
-                                    (" Statut: %d [This ID is totally erased]\n",
-                                     RFIFOL (fd, 36));
+                                PRINTF(" Statut: %d [This ID is totally erased]\n",
+                                     RFIFOL(fd, 36));
                                 break;
                         }
-                        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
+                        if (!ban_until_time)
                         {
-                            if (ban_until_time == 0)
-                            {
-                                printf (" Banissement: non banni.\n");
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                char tmpstr[128];
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                          localtime (&ban_until_time));
-                                printf (" Banissement: jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                        tmpstr);
-                            }
-                            if (RFIFOL (fd, 32) > 1)
-                                printf (" Compteur: %d connexions.\n",
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 32));
-                            else
-                                printf (" Compteur: %d connexion.\n",
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 32));
-                            printf (" Dernière connexion le: %s (ip: %s)\n",
-                                    lastlogin, last_ip);
-                            if (connect_until_time == 0)
-                            {
-                                printf (" Limite de validité: illimité.\n");
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                char tmpstr[128];
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                          localtime (&connect_until_time));
-                                printf (" Limite de validité: jusqu'au %s.\n",
-                                        tmpstr);
-                            }
+                            PRINTF(" Banishment: not banished.\n");
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            if (ban_until_time == 0)
-                            {
-                                printf (" Banishment: not banished.\n");
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                char tmpstr[128];
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                          localtime (&ban_until_time));
-                                printf (" Banishment: until %s.\n", tmpstr);
-                            }
-                            if (RFIFOL (fd, 32) > 1)
-                                printf (" Count:  %d connections.\n",
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 32));
-                            else
-                                printf (" Count:  %d connection.\n",
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 32));
-                            printf (" Last connection at: %s (ip: %s)\n",
-                                    lastlogin, last_ip);
-                            if (connect_until_time == 0)
-                            {
-                                printf (" Validity limit: unlimited.\n");
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                char tmpstr[128];
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                          localtime (&connect_until_time));
-                                printf (" Validity limit: until %s.\n",
-                                        tmpstr);
-                            }
+                            timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                            stamp_time(tmpstr, &ban_until_time);
+                            PRINTF(" Banishment: until %s.\n", tmpstr);
+                        }
+                        if (RFIFOL(fd, 32) > 1)
+                            PRINTF(" Count:  %d connections.\n",
+                                    RFIFOL(fd, 32));
+                        else
+                            PRINTF(" Count:  %d connection.\n",
+                                    RFIFOL(fd, 32));
+                        PRINTF(" Last connection at: %s (ip: %s)\n",
+                                lastlogin, last_ip);
+                        if (!connect_until_time)
+                        {
+                            PRINTF(" Validity limit: unlimited.\n");
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                            stamp_time(tmpstr, &connect_until_time);
+                            PRINTF(" Validity limit: until %s.\n",
+                                    tmpstr);
                         }
-                        printf (" Memo:   '%s'\n", memo);
+                        PRINTF(" Memo:   '%s'\n", memo);
                     }
                 }
                 bytes_to_read = 0;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 150 + RFIFOW (fd, 148));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 150 + RFIFOW(fd, 148));
                 break;
 
             default:
-                printf
-                    ("Remote administration has been disconnected (unknown packet).\n");
-                ladmin_log ("'End of connection, unknown packet.\n");
+                PRINTF("Remote administration has been disconnected (unknown packet).\n");
+                LADMIN_LOG("'End of connection, unknown packet.\n");
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
                 return;
         }
     }
 
     // if we don't wait new packets, do the prompt
-    prompt ();
+    prompt();
 }
 
 //------------------------------------
 // Function to connect to login-server
 //------------------------------------
 static
-int Connect_login_server (void)
+int Connect_login_server(void)
 {
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        Iprintf ("Essai de connection au server de logins...\n");
-        ladmin_log ("Essai de connection au server de logins...\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        Iprintf ("Attempt to connect to login-server...\n");
-        ladmin_log ("Attempt to connect to login-server...\n");
-    }
+    Iprintf("Attempt to connect to login-server...\n");
+    LADMIN_LOG("Attempt to connect to login-server...\n");
 
-    if ((login_fd = make_connection (login_ip, loginserverport)) < 0)
+    if ((login_fd = make_connection(login_ip, loginserverport)) < 0)
         return 0;
 
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
     if (passenc == 0)
     {
-#endif
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x7918;  // Request for administation login
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 2) = 0;   // no encrypted
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (login_fd, 4), loginserveradminpassword, 24);
-        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 28);
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x7918;  // Request for administation login
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 2) = 0;   // no encrypted
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(login_fd, 4), loginserveradminpassword, 24);
+        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 28);
         bytes_to_read = 1;
 
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            Iprintf ("Envoi du mot de passe...\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Envoi du mot de passe...\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            Iprintf ("Sending of the password...\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Sending of the password...\n");
-        }
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
+        Iprintf("Sending of the password...\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Sending of the password...\n");
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFOW (login_fd, 0) = 0x791a;  // Sending request about the coding key
-        WFIFOSET (login_fd, 2);
+        WFIFOW(login_fd, 0) = 0x791a;  // Sending request about the coding key
+        WFIFOSET(login_fd, 2);
         bytes_to_read = 1;
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            Iprintf ("Demande de la clef MD5...\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Demande de la clef MD5...\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            Iprintf ("Request about the MD5 key...\n");
-            ladmin_log ("Request about the MD5 key...\n");
-        }
+        Iprintf("Request about the MD5 key...\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("Request about the MD5 key...\n");
     }
-#endif
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6212,147 +3566,74 @@ int Connect_login_server (void)
 // Reading general configuration file
 //-----------------------------------
 static
-int ladmin_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int ladmin_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(cfgName);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            printf ("\033[0mFichier de configuration (%s) non trouvé.\n",
-                    cfgName);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("\033[0mConfiguration file (%s) not found.\n", cfgName);
-        }
+        PRINTF("\033[0mConfiguration file (%s) not found.\n", cfgName);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        Iprintf
-            ("\033[0m---Début de lecture du fichier de configuration Ladmin (%s)\n",
-             cfgName);
-    }
-    else
+    Iprintf("\033[0m---Start reading of Ladmin configuration file (%s)\n",
+         cfgName);
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        Iprintf
-            ("\033[0m---Start reading of Ladmin configuration file (%s)\n",
-             cfgName);
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
 
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) == 2)
+        if (w1 == "login_ip")
         {
-            remove_control_chars (w1);
-            remove_control_chars (w2);
-
-            if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_ip") == 0)
-            {
-                struct hostent *h = gethostbyname (w2);
-                if (h != NULL)
-                {
-                    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-                    {
-                        Iprintf
-                            ("Adresse du serveur de logins: %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
-                             w2, (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Iprintf
-                            ("Login server IP address: %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
-                             w2, (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                    }
-                    sprintf (loginserverip, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                }
-                else
-                    memcpy (loginserverip, w2, 16);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_port") == 0)
-            {
-                loginserverport = atoi (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "admin_pass") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (loginserveradminpassword, w2,
-                         sizeof (loginserveradminpassword));
-                loginserveradminpassword[sizeof (loginserveradminpassword) -
-                                         1] = '\0';
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "passenc") == 0)
-            {
-                passenc = atoi (w2);
-                if (passenc < 0 || passenc > 2)
-                    passenc = 0;
-#endif
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "defaultlanguage") == 0)
+            struct hostent *h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
+            if (h != NULL)
             {
-                if (w2[0] == 'F' || w2[0] == 'E')
-                    defaultlanguage = w2[0];
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "ladmin_log_filename") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (ladmin_log_filename, w2,
-                         sizeof (ladmin_log_filename));
-                ladmin_log_filename[sizeof (ladmin_log_filename) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "date_format") == 0)
-            {                   // note: never have more than 19 char for the date!
-                switch (atoi (w2))
-                {
-                    case 0:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S");  // 31-12-2004 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                    case 1:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S");  // 12-31-2004 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                    case 2:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%Y-%d-%m %H:%M:%S");  // 2004-31-12 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                    case 3:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");  // 2004-12-31 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
-            {
-                ladmin_config_read (w2);
+                Iprintf("Login server IP address: %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+                     w2, (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
+                     (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
+                     (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
+                     (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
+                sprintf(loginserverip, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
             }
+            else
+                strzcpy(loginserverip, w2.c_str(), 16);
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "login_port")
+        {
+            loginserverport = atoi(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "admin_pass")
+        {
+            strzcpy(loginserveradminpassword, w2.c_str(), sizeof(loginserveradminpassword));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "passenc")
+        {
+            passenc = atoi(w2.c_str());
+            if (passenc < 0 || passenc > 2)
+                passenc = 0;
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "ladmin_log_filename")
+        {
+            strzcpy(ladmin_log_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(ladmin_log_filename));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "import")
+        {
+            ladmin_config_read(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PRINTF("WARNING: unknown ladmin config key: %s\n", w1);
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
-    login_ip = inet_addr (loginserverip);
+    login_ip = inet_addr(loginserverip);
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        Iprintf ("---Lecture du fichier de configuration Ladmin terminée.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        Iprintf ("---End reading of Ladmin configuration file.\n");
-    }
+    Iprintf("---End reading of Ladmin configuration file.\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6360,27 +3641,15 @@ int ladmin_config_read (const char *cfgName)
 //--------------------------------------
 // Function called at exit of the server
 //--------------------------------------
-void term_func (void)
+void term_func(void)
 {
 
     if (already_exit_function == 0)
     {
-        delete_session (login_fd);
+        delete_session(login_fd);
 
-        if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-        {
-            Iprintf
-                ("\033[0m----Fin de Ladmin (fin normale avec fermeture de tous les fichiers).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("----Fin de Ladmin (fin normale avec fermeture de tous les fichiers).\n");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            Iprintf
-                ("\033[0m----End of Ladmin (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
-            ladmin_log
-                ("----End of Ladmin (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
-        }
+        Iprintf("\033[0m----End of Ladmin (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
+        LADMIN_LOG("----End of Ladmin (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
 
         already_exit_function = 1;
     }
@@ -6389,51 +3658,25 @@ void term_func (void)
 //------------------------
 // Main function of ladmin
 //------------------------
-int do_init (int argc, char **argv)
+int do_init(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    eathena_interactive_session = isatty (0);
+    eathena_interactive_session = isatty(0);
     // read ladmin configuration
-    ladmin_config_read ((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LADMIN_CONF_NAME);
+    ladmin_config_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LADMIN_CONF_NAME);
 
-    ladmin_log ("");
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Fichier de configuration lu.\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Configuration file readed.\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("");
+    LADMIN_LOG("Configuration file readed.\n");
 
-    srand (time (NULL));
+    set_defaultparse(parse_fromlogin);
 
-    set_defaultparse (parse_fromlogin);
+    Iprintf("EAthena login-server administration tool.\n");
+    Iprintf("(for eAthena version %d.%d.%d.)\n", ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION,
+             ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION, ATHENA_REVISION);
 
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        Iprintf ("Outil d'administration à distance de eAthena.\n");
-        Iprintf ("(pour eAthena version %d.%d.%d.)\n", ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION,
-                 ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION, ATHENA_REVISION);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        Iprintf ("EAthena login-server administration tool.\n");
-        Iprintf ("(for eAthena version %d.%d.%d.)\n", ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION,
-                 ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION, ATHENA_REVISION);
-    }
-
-    if (defaultlanguage == 'F')
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Ladmin est prêt.\n");
-        Iprintf ("Ladmin est \033[1;32mprêt\033[0m.\n\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ladmin_log ("Ladmin is ready.\n");
-        Iprintf ("Ladmin is \033[1;32mready\033[0m.\n\n");
-    }
+    LADMIN_LOG("Ladmin is ready.\n");
+    Iprintf("Ladmin is \033[1;32mready\033[0m.\n\n");
 
-    Connect_login_server ();
+    Connect_login_server();
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/ladmin/ladmin.hpp b/src/ladmin/ladmin.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 77d7fe4..0000000
--- a/src/ladmin/ladmin.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: ladmin.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:52 MagicalTux Exp $
-#ifndef LADMIN_HPP
-#define LADMIN_HPP
-
-#define LADMIN_CONF_NAME	"conf/ladmin_athena.conf"
-#define PASSWORDENC		3       // A definition is given when making an encryption password correspond.
-                            // It is 1 at the time of passwordencrypt.
-                            // It is made into 2 at the time of passwordencrypt2.
-                            // When it is made 3, it corresponds to both.
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/login/login.cpp b/src/login/login.cpp
index ce3fd4e..e07b7cb 100644
--- a/src/login/login.cpp
+++ b/src/login/login.cpp
@@ -1,73 +1,120 @@
-// $Id: login.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:53 MagicalTux Exp $
-// new version of the login-server by [Yor]
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>           // for stat/lstat/fstat
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <netdb.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <type_traits>
+
 #include "../common/core.hpp"
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "../common/extract.hpp"
+#include "../common/lock.hpp"
+#include "../common/md5calc.hpp"
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "login.hpp"
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
 #include "../common/version.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/lock.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils.hpp"
 
-#include "../common/md5calc.hpp"
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+constexpr int MAX_SERVERS = 30;
 
-#include <type_traits>
-static_assert(std::is_same<time_t, long>::value, "much code assumes time_t is a long");
+#define LOGIN_CONF_NAME "conf/login_athena.conf"
+#define LAN_CONF_NAME "conf/lan_support.conf"
+
+constexpr int START_ACCOUNT_NUM = 2000000;
+constexpr int END_ACCOUNT_NUM = 100000000;
 
-int  account_id_count = START_ACCOUNT_NUM;
-int  server_num;
-int  new_account_flag = 0;
-int  login_port = 6900;
+struct mmo_account
+{
+    char userid[24];
+    char passwd[24];
+    int passwdenc;
+
+    long account_id;
+    long login_id1;
+    long login_id2;
+    long char_id;
+    char lastlogin[24];
+    int sex;
+};
+
+struct mmo_char_server
+{
+    char name[20];
+    long ip;
+    short port;
+    int users;
+    int maintenance;
+    int is_new;
+};
+
+static
+int account_id_count = START_ACCOUNT_NUM;
+static
+int server_num;
+static
+int new_account_flag = 0;
+static
+int login_port = 6900;
+static
 char lan_char_ip[16];
-int  subneti[4];
-int  subnetmaski[4];
+static
+int subneti[4];
+static
+int subnetmaski[4];
+static
 char update_host[128] = "";
+static
 char main_server[20] = "";
 
+static
 char account_filename[1024] = "save/account.txt";
+static
 char GM_account_filename[1024] = "conf/GM_account.txt";
+static
 char login_log_filename[1024] = "log/login.log";
+static
 char login_log_unknown_packets_filename[1024] =
     "log/login_unknown_packets.log";
-char date_format[32] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S";
-int  save_unknown_packets = 0;
-long creation_time_GM_account_file;
-int  gm_account_filename_check_timer = 15;  // Timer to check if GM_account file has been changed and reload GM account automaticaly (in seconds; default: 15)
+static
+int save_unknown_packets = 0;
+static
+tick_t creation_time_GM_account_file;
+static
+std::chrono::seconds gm_account_filename_check_timer = std::chrono::seconds(15);
 
-int  display_parse_login = 0;   // 0: no, 1: yes
-int  display_parse_admin = 0;   // 0: no, 1: yes
-int  display_parse_fromchar = 0;    // 0: no, 1: yes (without packet 0x2714), 2: all packets
+static
+int display_parse_login = 0;   // 0: no, 1: yes
+static
+int display_parse_admin = 0;   // 0: no, 1: yes
+static
+int display_parse_fromchar = 0;    // 0: no, 1: yes (without packet 0x2714), 2: all packets
 
+static
 struct mmo_char_server server[MAX_SERVERS];
-int  server_fd[MAX_SERVERS];
-int  server_freezeflag[MAX_SERVERS];    // Char-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-int  anti_freeze_enable = 0;
-int  ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = 15;
+static
+int server_fd[MAX_SERVERS];
+static
+int server_freezeflag[MAX_SERVERS];    // Char-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
+static
+int anti_freeze_enable = 0;
+static
+std::chrono::seconds ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = std::chrono::seconds(15);
 
-int  login_fd;
+static
+int login_fd;
 
 enum
 {
@@ -77,95 +124,108 @@ enum
     ACO_STRSIZE = 128,
 };
 
-int  access_order = ACO_DENY_ALLOW;
-int  access_allownum = 0;
-int  access_denynum = 0;
+static
+int access_order = ACO_DENY_ALLOW;
+static
+int access_allownum = 0;
+static
+int access_denynum = 0;
+static
 char *access_allow = NULL;
+static
 char *access_deny = NULL;
 
-int  access_ladmin_allownum = 0;
+static
+int access_ladmin_allownum = 0;
+static
 char *access_ladmin_allow = NULL;
 
-int  min_level_to_connect = 0;  // minimum level of player/GM (0: player, 1-99: gm) to connect on the server
-int  add_to_unlimited_account = 0;  // Give possibility or not to adjust (ladmin command: timeadd) the time of an unlimited account.
-int  start_limited_time = -1;   // Starting additional sec from now for the limited time at creation of accounts (-1: unlimited time, 0 or more: additional sec from now)
-int  check_ip_flag = 1;         // It's to check IP of a player between login-server and char-server (part of anti-hacking system)
+static
+int min_level_to_connect = 0;  // minimum level of player/GM (0: player, 1-99: gm) to connect on the server
+static
+int add_to_unlimited_account = 0;  // Give possibility or not to adjust (ladmin command: timeadd) the time of an unlimited account.
+static
+int start_limited_time = -1;   // Starting additional sec from now for the limited time at creation of accounts (-1: unlimited time, 0 or more: additional sec from now)
+static
+int check_ip_flag = 1;         // It's to check IP of a player between login-server and char-server (part of anti-hacking system)
 
 struct login_session_data
 {
-    int  md5keylen;
+    int md5keylen;
     char md5key[20];
 };
 
-#define AUTH_FIFO_SIZE 256
+constexpr int AUTH_FIFO_SIZE = 256;
 struct
 {
-    int  account_id, login_id1, login_id2;
-    int  ip, sex, delflag;
+    int account_id, login_id1, login_id2;
+    int ip, sex, delflag;
 } auth_fifo[AUTH_FIFO_SIZE];
-int  auth_fifo_pos = 0;
+static
+int auth_fifo_pos = 0;
 
+static
 struct auth_dat
 {
-    int  account_id, sex;
+    int account_id, sex;
     char userid[24], pass[40], lastlogin[24];
-    int  logincount;
-    int  state;                 // packet 0x006a value + 1 (0: compte OK)
+    int logincount;
+    int state;                 // packet 0x006a value + 1 (0: compte OK)
     char email[40];             // e-mail (by default: a@a.com)
     char error_message[20];     // Message of error code #6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s (packet 0x006a)
-    time_t ban_until_time;      // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): ban time limit of the account (0 = no ban)
-    time_t connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
+    TimeT ban_until_time;      // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): ban time limit of the account (0 = no ban)
+    TimeT connect_until_time;  // # of seconds 1/1/1970 (timestamp): Validity limit of the account (0 = unlimited)
     char last_ip[16];           // save of last IP of connection
     char memo[255];             // a memo field
-    int  account_reg2_num;
+    int account_reg2_num;
     struct global_reg account_reg2[ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM];
 }   *auth_dat;
 
-int  auth_num = 0, auth_max = 0;
+static
+int auth_num = 0, auth_max = 0;
 
-int  admin_state = 0;
+static
+int admin_state = 0;
+static
 char admin_pass[24] = "";
+static
 char gm_pass[64] = "";
-int  level_new_gm = 60;
+static
+int level_new_gm = 60;
 
-static struct dbt *gm_account_db;
+static
+Map<int, struct gm_account> gm_account_db;
 
+static
 pid_t pid = 0; // For forked DB writes
 
 
-#define VERSION_2_UPDATEHOST 0x01   // client supports updatehost
-#define VERSION_2_SERVERORDER 0x02  // send servers in forward order
+namespace e
+{
+enum class VERSION_2 : uint8_t
+{
+    /// client supports updatehost
+    UPDATEHOST = 0x01,
+    /// send servers in forward order
+    SERVERORDER = 0x02,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(VERSION_2)
+}
+using e::VERSION_2;
+
 //------------------------------
 // Writing function of logs file
 //------------------------------
-static __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-int login_log (const char *fmt, ...)
+#define LOGIN_LOG(fmt, ...) \
+    login_log(static_cast<const std::string&>(STRPRINTF(fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__)))
+static
+void login_log(const_string line)
 {
-    FILE *logfp;
-    va_list ap;
-    struct timeval tv;
-    char tmpstr[2048];
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-
-    logfp = fopen_ (login_log_filename, "a");
-    if (logfp)
-    {
-        if (fmt[0] == '\0')     // jump a line if no message
-            fprintf (logfp, "\n");
-        else
-        {
-            gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-            strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format, gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-            sprintf (tmpstr + strlen (tmpstr), ".%03d: %s",
-                     (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000, fmt);
-            vfprintf (logfp, tmpstr, ap);
-        }
-        fclose_ (logfp);
-    }
-
-    va_end (ap);
-    return 0;
+    FILE *logfp = fopen_(login_log_filename, "a");
+    if (!logfp)
+        return;
+    log_with_timestamp(logfp, line);
+    fclose_(logfp);
 }
 
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -173,9 +233,9 @@ int login_log (const char *fmt, ...)
 // and returns its level (or 0 if it isn't a GM account or if not found)
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int isGM (int account_id)
+int isGM(int account_id)
 {
-    struct gm_account *p = (struct gm_account*) numdb_search (gm_account_db, account_id);
+    struct gm_account *p = gm_account_db.search(account_id);
     if (p == NULL)
         return 0;
     return p->level;
@@ -185,96 +245,80 @@ int isGM (int account_id)
 // Reading function of GM accounts file (and their level)
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int read_gm_account (void)
+int read_gm_account(void)
 {
     char line[512];
-    struct gm_account *p;
     FILE *fp;
-    int  c = 0;
-    int  GM_level;
-    struct stat file_stat;
+    int c = 0;
+    int GM_level;
 
-    free (gm_account_db);
-    gm_account_db = numdb_init ();
+    gm_account_db.clear();
 
-    // get last modify time/date
-    if (stat (GM_account_filename, &file_stat))
-        creation_time_GM_account_file = 0;  // error
-    else
-        creation_time_GM_account_file = file_stat.st_mtime;
+    creation_time_GM_account_file = file_modified(GM_account_filename);
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (GM_account_filename, "r")) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = fopen_(GM_account_filename, "r")) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("read_gm_account: GM accounts file [%s] not found.\n",
+        PRINTF("read_gm_account: GM accounts file [%s] not found.\n",
                 GM_account_filename);
-        printf
-            ("                 Actually, there is no GM accounts on the server.\n");
-        login_log ("read_gm_account: GM accounts file [%s] not found.\n",
+        PRINTF("                 Actually, there is no GM accounts on the server.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("read_gm_account: GM accounts file [%s] not found.\n",
                    GM_account_filename);
-        login_log
-            ("                 Actually, there is no GM accounts on the server.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("                 Actually, there is no GM accounts on the server.\n");
         return 1;
     }
     // limited to 4000, because we send information to char-servers (more than 4000 GM accounts???)
     // int (id) + int (level) = 8 bytes * 4000 = 32k (limit of packets in windows)
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp) && c < 4000)
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, fp) && c < 4000)
     {
         if ((line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/') || line[0] == '\0'
             || line[0] == '\n' || line[0] == '\r')
             continue;
-        CREATE (p, struct gm_account, 1);
-        if (sscanf (line, "%d %d", &p->account_id, &p->level) != 2
-            && sscanf (line, "%d: %d", &p->account_id, &p->level) != 2)
-            printf
-                ("read_gm_account: file [%s], invalid 'id_acount level' format.\n",
+        struct gm_account p {};
+        if (sscanf(line, "%d %d", &p.account_id, &p.level) != 2
+            && sscanf(line, "%d: %d", &p.account_id, &p.level) != 2)
+            PRINTF("read_gm_account: file [%s], invalid 'id_acount level' format.\n",
                  GM_account_filename);
-        else if (p->level <= 0)
-            printf
-                ("read_gm_account: file [%s] %dth account (invalid level [0 or negative]: %d).\n",
-                 GM_account_filename, c + 1, p->level);
+        else if (p.level <= 0)
+            PRINTF("read_gm_account: file [%s] %dth account (invalid level [0 or negative]: %d).\n",
+                 GM_account_filename, c + 1, p.level);
         else
         {
-            if (p->level > 99)
+            if (p.level > 99)
             {
-                printf
-                    ("read_gm_account: file [%s] %dth account (invalid level, but corrected: %d->99).\n",
-                     GM_account_filename, c + 1, p->level);
-                p->level = 99;
+                PRINTF("read_gm_account: file [%s] %dth account (invalid level, but corrected: %d->99).\n",
+                     GM_account_filename, c + 1, p.level);
+                p.level = 99;
             }
-            if ((GM_level = isGM (p->account_id)) > 0)
+            if ((GM_level = isGM(p.account_id)) > 0)
             {                   // if it's not a new account
-                if (GM_level == p->level)
-                    printf
-                        ("read_gm_account: GM account %d defined twice (same level: %d).\n",
-                         p->account_id, p->level);
+                if (GM_level == p.level)
+                    PRINTF("read_gm_account: GM account %d defined twice (same level: %d).\n",
+                         p.account_id, p.level);
                 else
-                    printf
-                        ("read_gm_account: GM account %d defined twice (levels: %d and %d).\n",
-                         p->account_id, GM_level, p->level);
+                    PRINTF("read_gm_account: GM account %d defined twice (levels: %d and %d).\n",
+                         p.account_id, GM_level, p.level);
             }
-            if (GM_level != p->level)
+            if (GM_level != p.level)
             {                   // if new account or new level
-                numdb_insert (gm_account_db, p->account_id, p);
-                //printf("GM account:%d, level: %d->%d\n", p->account_id, GM_level, p->level);
+                gm_account_db.insert(p.account_id, p);
+                //PRINTF("GM account:%d, level: %d->%d\n", p.account_id, GM_level, p.level);
                 if (GM_level == 0)
                 {               // if new account
                     c++;
                     if (c >= 4000)
                     {
-                        printf
-                            ("***WARNING: 4000 GM accounts found. Next GM accounts are not readed.\n");
-                        login_log
-                            ("***WARNING: 4000 GM accounts found. Next GM accounts are not readed.\n");
+                        PRINTF("***WARNING: 4000 GM accounts found. Next GM accounts are not readed.\n");
+                        LOGIN_LOG("***WARNING: 4000 GM accounts found. Next GM accounts are not readed.\n");
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
+    fclose_(fp);
 
-    printf ("read_gm_account: file '%s' readed (%d GM accounts found).\n",
+    PRINTF("read_gm_account: file '%s' readed (%d GM accounts found).\n",
             GM_account_filename, c);
-    login_log ("read_gm_account: file '%s' readed (%d GM accounts found).\n",
+    LOGIN_LOG("read_gm_account: file '%s' readed (%d GM accounts found).\n",
                GM_account_filename, c);
 
     return 0;
@@ -285,49 +329,47 @@ int read_gm_account (void)
 // (ip: IP to be tested, str: mask x.x.x.x/# or x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y)
 //--------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int check_ipmask (struct in_addr ip, const char *str)
+int check_ipmask(struct in_addr ip, const char *str)
 {
-    unsigned int mask = 0, i = 0, m, ip2, a0, a1, a2, a3;
-    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &ip2, *p2 = (unsigned char *) &mask;
-
-    if (sscanf (str, "%d.%d.%d.%d/%n", &a0, &a1, &a2, &a3, &i) != 4 || i == 0)
+    unsigned int mask = 0, ip2;
+    unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &ip2,
+                  *p2 = (unsigned char *) &mask;
+    int i = 0;
+    unsigned int m;
+
+    if (sscanf(str, "%hhu.%hhu.%hhu.%hhu/%n",
+                &p[0], &p[1], &p[2], &p[3], &i) != 4
+            || i == 0)
         return 0;
-    p[0] = a0;
-    p[1] = a1;
-    p[2] = a2;
-    p[3] = a3;
 
-    if (sscanf (str + i, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &a0, &a1, &a2, &a3) == 4)
+    if (sscanf(str + i, "%hhu.%hhu.%hhu.%hhu",
+                &p2[0], &p2[1], &p2[2], &p2[3]) == 4)
     {
-        p2[0] = a0;
-        p2[1] = a1;
-        p2[2] = a2;
-        p2[3] = a3;
-        mask = ntohl (mask);
+        mask = ntohl(mask);
     }
-    else if (sscanf (str + i, "%d", &m) == 1 && m <= 32)
+    else if (sscanf(str + i, "%u", &m) == 1 && m <= 32)
     {
         for (i = 0; i < m && i < 32; i++)
             mask = (mask >> 1) | 0x80000000;
     }
     else
     {
-        printf ("check_ipmask: invalid mask [%s].\n", str);
+        PRINTF("check_ipmask: invalid mask [%s].\n", str);
         return 0;
     }
 
-//  printf("Tested IP: %08x, network: %08x, network mask: %08x\n",
+//  PRINTF("Tested IP: %08x, network: %08x, network mask: %08x\n",
 //         (unsigned int)ntohl(ip), (unsigned int)ntohl(ip2), (unsigned int)mask);
-    return ((ntohl (ip.s_addr) & mask) == (ntohl (ip2) & mask));
+    return ((ntohl(ip.s_addr) & mask) == (ntohl(ip2) & mask));
 }
 
 //---------------------
 // Access control by IP
 //---------------------
 static
-int check_ip (struct in_addr ip)
+int check_ip(struct in_addr ip)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     enum
     { ACF_DEF, ACF_ALLOW, ACF_DENY } flag = ACF_DEF;
 
@@ -348,7 +390,7 @@ int check_ip (struct in_addr ip)
     for (i = 0; i < access_allownum; i++)
     {
         const char *p = access_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE;
-        if (memcmp (p, buf, strlen (p)) == 0 || check_ipmask (ip, p))
+        if (memcmp(p, buf, strlen(p)) == 0 || check_ipmask(ip, p))
         {
             flag = ACF_ALLOW;
             if (access_order == ACO_ALLOW_DENY)
@@ -360,11 +402,10 @@ int check_ip (struct in_addr ip)
     for (i = 0; i < access_denynum; i++)
     {
         const char *p = access_deny + i * ACO_STRSIZE;
-        if (memcmp (p, buf, strlen (p)) == 0 || check_ipmask (ip, p))
+        if (memcmp(p, buf, strlen(p)) == 0 || check_ipmask(ip, p))
         {
             flag = ACF_DENY;
             return 0;           // At this point, if it's 'deny', we refuse connection.
-            break;
         }
     }
 
@@ -379,9 +420,9 @@ int check_ip (struct in_addr ip)
 // Access control by IP for ladmin
 //--------------------------------
 static
-int check_ladminip (struct in_addr ip)
+int check_ladminip(struct in_addr ip)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     if (access_ladmin_allownum == 0)
         return 1;               // When there is no restriction, all IP are authorised.
@@ -400,7 +441,7 @@ int check_ladminip (struct in_addr ip)
     for (i = 0; i < access_ladmin_allownum; i++)
     {
         const char *p = access_ladmin_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE;
-        if (memcmp (p, buf, strlen (p)) == 0 || check_ipmask (ip, p))
+        if (memcmp(p, buf, strlen(p)) == 0 || check_ipmask(ip, p))
         {
             return 1;
         }
@@ -418,19 +459,19 @@ int check_ladminip (struct in_addr ip)
 //   and similar to the searched name.
 //-----------------------------------------------
 static
-int search_account_index (char *account_name)
+int search_account_index(char *account_name)
 {
-    int  i, quantity, index;
+    int i, quantity, index;
 
     quantity = 0;
     index = -1;
     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
     {
         // Without case sensitive check (increase the number of similar account names found)
-        if (strcasecmp (auth_dat[i].userid, account_name) == 0)
+        if (strcasecmp(auth_dat[i].userid, account_name) == 0)
         {
             // Strict comparison (if found, we finish the function immediatly with correct value)
-            if (strcmp (auth_dat[i].userid, account_name) == 0)
+            if (strcmp(auth_dat[i].userid, account_name) == 0)
                 return i;
             quantity++;
             index = i;
@@ -449,462 +490,180 @@ int search_account_index (char *account_name)
 // Create a string to save the account in the account file
 //--------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_auth_tostr (char *str, struct auth_dat *p)
+std::string mmo_auth_tostr(struct auth_dat *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    char *str_p = str;
-
-    str_p += sprintf (str_p, "%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%c\t%d\t%d\t"
-                      "%s\t%s\t%ld\t%s\t%s\t%ld\t",
-                      p->account_id, p->userid, p->pass, p->lastlogin,
-                      (p->sex == 2) ? 'S' : (p->sex ? 'M' : 'F'),
-                      p->logincount, p->state,
-                      p->email, p->error_message,
-                      p->connect_until_time, p->last_ip, p->memo,
-                      p->ban_until_time);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < p->account_reg2_num; i++)
+    std::string str = STRPRINTF(
+            "%d\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%c\t"
+            "%d\t"
+            "%d\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%lld\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%s\t"
+            "%lld\t",
+            p->account_id,
+            p->userid,
+            p->pass,
+            p->lastlogin,
+            (p->sex == 2) ? 'S' : (p->sex ? 'M' : 'F'),
+            p->logincount,
+            p->state,
+            p->email,
+            p->error_message,
+            p->connect_until_time,
+            p->last_ip,
+            p->memo,
+            p->ban_until_time);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < p->account_reg2_num; i++)
         if (p->account_reg2[i].str[0])
-            str_p +=
-                sprintf (str_p, "%s,%d ", p->account_reg2[i].str,
-                         p->account_reg2[i].value);
+            str += STRPRINTF("%s,%d ",
+                    p->account_reg2[i].str, p->account_reg2[i].value);
 
-    return 0;
+    return str;
+}
+
+static
+bool extract(const_string line, struct auth_dat *ad)
+{
+    std::vector<struct global_reg> vars;
+    const_string sex = nullptr; // really only 1 char
+    if (!extract(line,
+                record<'\t'>(
+                    &ad->account_id,
+                    &ad->userid,
+                    &ad->pass,
+                    &ad->lastlogin,
+                    &sex,
+                    &ad->logincount,
+                    &ad->state,
+                    &ad->email,
+                    &ad->error_message,
+                    &ad->connect_until_time,
+                    &ad->last_ip,
+                    &ad->memo,
+                    &ad->ban_until_time,
+                    vrec<' '>(&vars))))
+        return false;
+    if (ad->account_id > END_ACCOUNT_NUM)
+        return false;
+    for (int j = 0; j < auth_num; j++)
+    {
+        if (auth_dat[j].account_id == ad->account_id)
+            return false;
+        else if (strcmp(auth_dat[j].userid, ad->userid) == 0)
+            return false;
+    }
+    // If a password is not encrypted, we encrypt it now.
+    // A password beginning with ! and - in the memo field is our magic
+    if (ad->pass[0] != '!' && ad->memo[0] == '-') {
+        strcpy(ad->pass, MD5_saltcrypt(ad->pass, make_salt()));
+        ad->memo[0] = '!';
+    }
+
+    if (sex.size() != 1)
+        return false;
+    switch(sex.front())
+    {
+    case 'S': case 's': ad->sex = 2; break;
+    case 'M': case 'm': ad->sex = 1; break;
+    case 'F': case 'f': ad->sex = 0; break;
+    default: return false;
+    }
+
+    if (e_mail_check(ad->email) == 0)
+        strzcpy(ad->email, "a@a.com", 40);
+
+    if (ad->error_message[0] == '\0' || ad->state != 7)
+        // 7, because state is packet 0x006a value + 1
+        strzcpy(ad->error_message, "-", 20);
+
+    if (vars.size() > ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM)
+        return false;
+    std::copy(vars.begin(), vars.end(), ad->account_reg2);
+    ad->account_reg2_num = vars.size();
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 //---------------------------------
 // Reading of the accounts database
 //---------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_auth_init (void)
+int mmo_auth_init(void)
 {
-    FILE *fp;
-    int  account_id, logincount, state, n, i, j, v;
-    char line[2048], *p, userid[2048], pass[2048], lastlogin[2048], sex,
-        email[2048], error_message[2048], last_ip[2048], memo[2048];
-    time_t ban_until_time;
-    time_t connect_until_time;
-    char str[2048];
-    int  GM_count = 0;
-    int  server_count = 0;
-
-    CREATE (auth_dat, struct auth_dat, 256);
+    int GM_count = 0;
+    int server_count = 0;
+
+    CREATE(auth_dat, struct auth_dat, 256);
     auth_max = 256;
 
-    fp = fopen_ (account_filename, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(account_filename);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
         // no account file -> no account -> no login, including char-server (ERROR)
-        printf
-            ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: Accounts file [%s] not found.\033[0m\n",
+        PRINTF("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: Accounts file [%s] not found.\033[0m\n",
              account_filename);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp) != NULL)
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
             continue;
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        p = line;
-
-        // database version reading (v2)
-        if (((i = sscanf (line, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%c\t%d\t%d\t"
-                          "%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%ld\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%ld%n",
-                          &account_id, userid, pass, lastlogin, &sex,
-                          &logincount, &state, email, error_message,
-                          &connect_until_time, last_ip, memo, &ban_until_time,
-                          &n)) == 13 && line[n] == '\t')
-            ||
-            ((i =
-              sscanf (line,
-                      "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%c\t%d\t%d\t"
-                      "%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%ld\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]%n", &account_id,
-                      userid, pass, lastlogin, &sex, &logincount, &state,
-                      email, error_message, &connect_until_time, last_ip,
-                      memo, &n)) == 12 && line[n] == '\t'))
+        if (line.back() == '\r')
         {
-            n = n + 1;
-
-            // Some checks
-            if (account_id > END_ACCOUNT_NUM)
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an id higher than %d\n",
-                     END_ACCOUNT_NUM);
-                printf
-                    ("               account id #%d -> account not read (saved in log file).\033[0m\n",
-                     account_id);
-                login_log
-                    ("mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an id higher than %d.\n",
-                     END_ACCOUNT_NUM);
-                login_log
-                    ("               account id #%d -> account not read (saved in next line):\n",
-                     account_id);
-                login_log ("%s", line);
-                continue;
-            }
-            userid[23] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (userid);
-            for (j = 0; j < auth_num; j++)
-            {
-                if (auth_dat[j].account_id == account_id)
-                {
-                    printf
-                        ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an identical id to another.\n");
-                    printf
-                        ("               account id #%d -> new account not read (saved in log file).\033[0m\n",
-                         account_id);
-                    login_log
-                        ("mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an identical id to another.\n");
-                    login_log
-                        ("               account id #%d -> new account not read (saved in next line):\n",
-                         account_id);
-                    login_log ("%s", line);
-                    break;
-                }
-                else if (strcmp (auth_dat[j].userid, userid) == 0)
-                {
-                    printf
-                        ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: account name already exists.\n");
-                    printf ("               account name '%s' -> new account not read.\n", userid); // 2 lines, account name can be long.
-                    printf
-                        ("               Account saved in log file.\033[0m\n");
-                    login_log
-                        ("mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an identical id to another.\n");
-                    login_log
-                        ("               account id #%d -> new account not read (saved in next line):\n",
-                         account_id);
-                    login_log ("%s", line);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (j != auth_num)
-                continue;
-
-            if (auth_num >= auth_max)
-            {
-                auth_max += 256;
-                RECREATE (auth_dat, struct auth_dat, auth_max);
-            }
-
-            memset (&auth_dat[auth_num], '\0', sizeof (struct auth_dat));
-
-            auth_dat[auth_num].account_id = account_id;
-
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].userid, userid, 24);
-
-            memo[254] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (memo);
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].memo, memo, 255);
-
-            pass[39] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (pass);
-            // If a password is not encrypted, we encrypt it now.
-	    // A password beginning with ! and - in the memo field is our magic
-	    if (pass[0] != '!' && memo[0] == '-') {
-		strcpy(auth_dat[auth_num].pass, MD5_saltcrypt(pass, make_salt()));
-		auth_dat[auth_num].memo[0] = '!';
-		printf("encrypting pass: %s %s\n", pass, auth_dat[auth_num].pass);
-	    }
-	    else
-		strcpy(auth_dat[auth_num].pass, pass);
-
-            lastlogin[23] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (lastlogin);
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].lastlogin, lastlogin, 24);
-
-            auth_dat[auth_num].sex = (sex == 'S'
-                                      || sex == 's') ? 2 : (sex == 'M'
-                                                            || sex == 'm');
-
-            if (logincount >= 0)
-                auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = logincount;
-            else
-                auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = 0;
-
-            if (state > 255)
-                auth_dat[auth_num].state = 100;
-            else if (state < 0)
-                auth_dat[auth_num].state = 0;
-            else
-                auth_dat[auth_num].state = state;
-
-            if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("Account %s (%d): invalid e-mail (replaced par a@a.com).\n",
-                     auth_dat[auth_num].userid,
-                     auth_dat[auth_num].account_id);
-                strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].email, "a@a.com", 40);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                remove_control_chars (email);
-                strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].email, email, 40);
-            }
-
-            error_message[19] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (error_message);
-            if (error_message[0] == '\0' || state != 7)
-            {                   // 7, because state is packet 0x006a value + 1
-                strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].error_message, "-", 20);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].error_message, error_message, 20);
-            }
-
-            if (i == 13)
-                auth_dat[auth_num].ban_until_time = ban_until_time;
-            else
-                auth_dat[auth_num].ban_until_time = 0;
-
-            auth_dat[auth_num].connect_until_time = connect_until_time;
-
-            last_ip[15] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (last_ip);
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].last_ip, last_ip, 16);
-
-            for (j = 0; j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM; j++)
-            {
-                p += n;
-                if (sscanf (p, "%[^\t,],%d %n", str, &v, &n) != 2)
-                {
-                    // We must check if a str is void. If it's, we can continue to read other REG2.
-                    // Account line will have something like: str2,9 ,9 str3,1 (here, ,9 is not good)
-                    if (p[0] == ',' && sscanf (p, ",%d %n", &v, &n) == 1)
-                    {
-                        j--;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    else
-                        break;
-                }
-                str[31] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (str);
-                strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].str, str, 32);
-                auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].value = v;
-            }
-            auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2_num = j;
-
-            if (isGM (account_id) > 0)
-                GM_count++;
-            if (auth_dat[auth_num].sex == 2)
-                server_count++;
-
-            auth_num++;
-            if (account_id >= account_id_count)
-                account_id_count = account_id + 1;
-
-            // Old athena database version reading (v1)
+#ifdef WORKAROUND_GCC46_LIBRARY
+            line.resize(line.size() - 1);
+#else
+            line.pop_back();
+#endif
         }
-        else if ((i =
-                  sscanf (line, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%c\t%d\t%d\t%n",
-                          &account_id, userid, pass, lastlogin, &sex,
-                          &logincount, &state, &n)) >= 5)
-        {
-            if (account_id > END_ACCOUNT_NUM)
-            {
-                printf
-                    ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an id higher than %d\n",
-                     END_ACCOUNT_NUM);
-                printf
-                    ("               account id #%d -> account not read (saved in log file).\033[0m\n",
-                     account_id);
-                login_log
-                    ("mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an id higher than %d.\n",
-                     END_ACCOUNT_NUM);
-                login_log
-                    ("               account id #%d -> account not read (saved in next line):\n",
-                     account_id);
-                login_log ("%s", line);
-                continue;
-            }
-            userid[23] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (userid);
-            for (j = 0; j < auth_num; j++)
-            {
-                if (auth_dat[j].account_id == account_id)
-                {
-                    printf
-                        ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an identical id to another.\n");
-                    printf
-                        ("               account id #%d -> new account not read (saved in log file).\033[0m\n",
-                         account_id);
-                    login_log
-                        ("mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an identical id to another.\n");
-                    login_log
-                        ("               account id #%d -> new account not read (saved in next line):\n",
-                         account_id);
-                    login_log ("%s", line);
-                    break;
-                }
-                else if (strcmp (auth_dat[j].userid, userid) == 0)
-                {
-                    printf
-                        ("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: account name already exists.\n");
-                    printf ("               account name '%s' -> new account not read.\n", userid); // 2 lines, account name can be long.
-                    printf
-                        ("               Account saved in log file.\033[0m\n");
-                    login_log
-                        ("mmmo_auth_init: ******Error: an account has an identical id to another.\n");
-                    login_log
-                        ("               account id #%d -> new account not read (saved in next line):\n",
-                         account_id);
-                    login_log ("%s", line);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (j != auth_num)
-                continue;
-
-            if (auth_num >= auth_max)
-            {
-                auth_max += 256;
-                RECREATE (auth_dat, struct auth_dat, auth_max);
-            }
-
-            memset (&auth_dat[auth_num], '\0', sizeof (struct auth_dat));
-
-            auth_dat[auth_num].account_id = account_id;
-
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].userid, userid, 24);
-
-            lastlogin[23] = '\0';
-            remove_control_chars (lastlogin);
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].lastlogin, lastlogin, 24);
-
-            auth_dat[auth_num].sex = (sex == 'S'
-                                      || sex == 's') ? 2 : (sex == 'M'
-                                                            || sex == 'm');
-
-            if (i >= 6)
-            {
-                if (logincount >= 0)
-                    auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = logincount;
-                else
-                    auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = 0;
-            }
-            else
-                auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = 0;
+        if (std::find_if(line.begin(), line.end(),
+                    [](unsigned char c) { return c < ' ' && c != '\t'; }
+                    ) != line.end())
+            continue;
 
-            if (i >= 7)
-            {
-                if (state > 255)
-                    auth_dat[auth_num].state = 100;
-                else if (state < 0)
-                    auth_dat[auth_num].state = 0;
-                else
-                    auth_dat[auth_num].state = state;
-            }
+        struct auth_dat ad {};
+        if (!extract(line, &ad))
+        {
+            int i = 0;
+            if (SSCANF(line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n%n", &ad.account_id, &i) == 1
+                    && i > 0 && ad.account_id > account_id_count)
+                account_id_count = ad.account_id;
             else
-                auth_dat[auth_num].state = 0;
-
-            // Initialization of new data
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].email, "a@a.com", 40);
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].error_message, "-", 20);
-            auth_dat[auth_num].ban_until_time = 0;
-            auth_dat[auth_num].connect_until_time = 0;
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].last_ip, "-", 16);
-            strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].memo, "!", 255);
+                LOGIN_LOG("Account skipped\n%s", line);
+            continue;
+        }
 
-            for (j = 0; j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM; j++)
-            {
-                p += n;
-                if (sscanf (p, "%[^\t,],%d %n", str, &v, &n) != 2)
-                {
-                    // We must check if a str is void. If it's, we can continue to read other REG2.
-                    // Account line will have something like: str2,9 ,9 str3,1 (here, ,9 is not good)
-                    if (p[0] == ',' && sscanf (p, ",%d %n", &v, &n) == 1)
-                    {
-                        j--;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    else
-                        break;
-                }
-                str[31] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (str);
-                strncpy (auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].str, str, 32);
-                auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].value = v;
-            }
-            auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2_num = j;
+        if (auth_num >= auth_max)
+        {
+            auth_max += 256;
+            RECREATE(auth_dat, struct auth_dat, auth_max);
+        }
 
-            if (isGM (account_id) > 0)
-                GM_count++;
-            if (auth_dat[auth_num].sex == 2)
-                server_count++;
+        auth_dat[auth_num] = ad;
 
-            auth_num++;
-            if (account_id >= account_id_count)
-                account_id_count = account_id + 1;
+        if (isGM(ad.account_id) > 0)
+            GM_count++;
+        if (auth_dat[auth_num].sex == 2)
+            server_count++;
 
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            i = 0;
-            if (sscanf (line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n%n", &account_id, &i) == 1 &&
-                i > 0 && account_id > account_id_count)
-                account_id_count = account_id;
-        }
+        auth_num++;
+        if (ad.account_id >= account_id_count)
+            account_id_count = ad.account_id + 1;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
-    if (auth_num == 0)
-    {
-        printf ("mmo_auth_init: No account found in %s.\n", account_filename);
-        sprintf (line, "No account found in %s.", account_filename);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (auth_num == 1)
-        {
-            printf ("mmo_auth_init: 1 account read in %s,\n",
-                    account_filename);
-            sprintf (line, "1 account read in %s,", account_filename);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("mmo_auth_init: %d accounts read in %s,\n", auth_num,
-                    account_filename);
-            sprintf (line, "%d accounts read in %s,", auth_num,
-                     account_filename);
-        }
-        if (GM_count == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("               of which is no GM account, and ");
-            sprintf (str, "%s of which is no GM account and", line);
-        }
-        else if (GM_count == 1)
-        {
-            printf ("               of which is 1 GM account, and ");
-            sprintf (str, "%s of which is 1 GM account and", line);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("               of which is %d GM accounts, and ",
-                    GM_count);
-            sprintf (str, "%s of which is %d GM accounts and", line,
-                     GM_count);
-        }
-        if (server_count == 0)
-        {
-            printf ("no server account ('S').\n");
-            sprintf (line, "%s no server account ('S').", str);
-        }
-        else if (server_count == 1)
-        {
-            printf ("1 server account ('S').\n");
-            sprintf (line, "%s 1 server account ('S').", str);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            printf ("%d server accounts ('S').\n", server_count);
-            sprintf (line, "%s %d server accounts ('S').", str, server_count);
-        }
-    }
-    login_log ("%s\n", line);
+    std::string str = STRPRINTF("%s has %d accounts (%d GMs, %d servers)\n",
+            account_filename, auth_num, GM_count, server_count);
+    PRINTF("%s: %s\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, str);
+    LOGIN_LOG("%s\n", line);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -914,12 +673,11 @@ int mmo_auth_init (void)
 //   (accounts are sorted by id before save)
 //------------------------------------------
 static
-void mmo_auth_sync (void)
+void mmo_auth_sync(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
-    int  i, j, k, lock;
-    int  id[auth_num];
-    char line[65536];
+    int i, j, k, lock;
+    int id[auth_num];
 
     // Sorting before save
     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
@@ -938,29 +696,29 @@ void mmo_auth_sync (void)
     }
 
     // Data save
-    fp = lock_fopen (account_filename, &lock);
+    fp = lock_fopen(account_filename, &lock);
     if (fp == NULL)
         return;
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "// Accounts file: here are saved all information about the accounts.\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "// Structure: ID, account name, password, last login time, sex, # of logins, state, email, error message for state 7, validity time, last (accepted) login ip, memo field, ban timestamp, repeated(register text, register value)\n");
-    fprintf (fp, "// Some explanations:\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp, "// Some explanations:\n");
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   account name    : between 4 to 23 char for a normal account (standard client can't send less than 4 char).\n");
-    fprintf (fp, "//   account password: between 4 to 23 char\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp, "//   account password: between 4 to 23 char\n");
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   sex             : M or F for normal accounts, S for server accounts\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   state           : 0: account is ok, 1 to 256: error code of packet 0x006a + 1\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   email           : between 3 to 39 char (a@a.com is like no email)\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   error message   : text for the state 7: 'Your are Prohibited to login until <text>'. Max 19 char\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   valitidy time   : 0: unlimited account, <other value>: date calculated by addition of 1/1/1970 + value (number of seconds since the 1/1/1970)\n");
-    fprintf (fp, "//   memo field      : max 254 char\n");
-    fprintf (fp,
+    FPRINTF(fp, "//   memo field      : max 254 char\n");
+    FPRINTF(fp,
              "//   ban time        : 0: no ban, <other value>: banned until the date: date calculated by addition of 1/1/1970 + value (number of seconds since the 1/1/1970)\n");
     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
     {
@@ -968,12 +726,12 @@ void mmo_auth_sync (void)
         if (auth_dat[k].account_id < 0)
             continue;
 
-        mmo_auth_tostr (line, &auth_dat[k]);
-        fprintf (fp, "%s\n", line);
+        std::string line = mmo_auth_tostr(&auth_dat[k]);
+        FPRINTF(fp, "%s\n", line);
     }
-    fprintf (fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", account_id_count);
+    FPRINTF(fp, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", account_id_count);
 
-    lock_fclose (fp, account_filename, &lock);
+    lock_fclose(fp, account_filename, &lock);
 
     return;
 }
@@ -984,12 +742,12 @@ void mmo_auth_sync (void)
 // we save periodicly on a timer.
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 static
-void check_auth_sync (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void check_auth_sync(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
     if (pid != 0)
     {
         int status;
-        pid_t temp = waitpid (pid, &status, WNOHANG);
+        pid_t temp = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
 
         // Need to check status too?
         if (temp == 0)
@@ -1000,14 +758,14 @@ void check_auth_sync (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
 
     // This can take a lot of time. Fork a child to handle the work and return at once
     // If we're unable to fork just continue running the function normally
-    if ((pid = fork ()) > 0)
+    if ((pid = fork()) > 0)
         return;
 
-    mmo_auth_sync ();
+    mmo_auth_sync();
 
     // If we're a child we should suicide now.
     if (pid == 0)
-        _exit (0);
+        _exit(0);
 
     return;
 }
@@ -1016,46 +774,42 @@ void check_auth_sync (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
 // Packet send to all char-servers, except one (wos: without our self)
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-int charif_sendallwos (int sfd, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)
+void charif_sendallwos(int sfd, const uint8_t *buf, size_t len)
 {
-    int  i, c;
-
-    for (i = 0, c = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
     {
-        int  fd;
-        if ((fd = server_fd[i]) >= 0 && fd != sfd)
+        int fd = server_fd[i];
+        if (fd >= 0 && fd != sfd)
         {
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, len);
-            WFIFOSET (fd, len);
-            c++;
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, len);
+            WFIFOSET(fd, len);
         }
     }
-    return c;
 }
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 // Send GM accounts to all char-server
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 static
-void send_GM_accounts (void)
+void send_GM_accounts(void)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     uint8_t buf[32000];
-    int  GM_value;
-    int  len;
+    int GM_value;
+    int len;
 
     len = 4;
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2732;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2732;
     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
         // send only existing accounts. We can not create a GM account when server is online.
-        if ((GM_value = isGM (auth_dat[i].account_id)) > 0)
+        if ((GM_value = isGM(auth_dat[i].account_id)) > 0)
         {
-            WBUFL (buf, len) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-            WBUFB (buf, len + 4) = (unsigned char) GM_value;
+            WBUFL(buf, len) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+            WBUFB(buf, len + 4) = (unsigned char) GM_value;
             len += 5;
         }
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len;
-    charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, len);
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = len;
+    charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, len);
 
     return;
 }
@@ -1064,25 +818,19 @@ void send_GM_accounts (void)
 // Check if GM file account have been changed
 //-----------------------------------------------------
 static
-void check_GM_file (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void check_GM_file(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    struct stat file_stat;
-    long new_time;
-
     // if we would not check
-    if (gm_account_filename_check_timer < 1)
+    if (gm_account_filename_check_timer == interval_t::zero())
         return;
 
     // get last modify time/date
-    if (stat (GM_account_filename, &file_stat))
-        new_time = 0;           // error
-    else
-        new_time = file_stat.st_mtime;
+    tick_t new_time = file_modified(GM_account_filename);
 
     if (new_time != creation_time_GM_account_file)
     {
-        read_gm_account ();
-        send_GM_accounts ();
+        read_gm_account();
+        send_GM_accounts();
     }
 }
 
@@ -1090,32 +838,30 @@ void check_GM_file (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t dat
 // Account creation (with e-mail check)
 //-------------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_auth_new (struct mmo_account *account, char sex, const char *email)
+int mmo_auth_new(struct mmo_account *account, char sex, const char *email)
 {
-    time_t timestamp, timestamp_temp;
-    struct tm *tmtime;
-    int  i = auth_num;
+    int i = auth_num;
 
     if (auth_num >= auth_max)
     {
         auth_max += 256;
-        RECREATE (auth_dat, struct auth_dat, auth_max);
+        RECREATE(auth_dat, struct auth_dat, auth_max);
     }
 
-    memset (&auth_dat[i], '\0', sizeof (struct auth_dat));
+    memset(&auth_dat[i], '\0', sizeof(struct auth_dat));
 
-    while (isGM (account_id_count) > 0)
+    while (isGM(account_id_count) > 0)
         account_id_count++;
 
     auth_dat[i].account_id = account_id_count++;
 
-    strncpy (auth_dat[i].userid, account->userid, 24);
+    strncpy(auth_dat[i].userid, account->userid, 24);
     auth_dat[i].userid[23] = '\0';
 
     strcpy(auth_dat[i].pass, MD5_saltcrypt(account->passwd, make_salt()));
     auth_dat[i].pass[39] = '\0';
 
-    memcpy (auth_dat[i].lastlogin, "-", 2);
+    memcpy(auth_dat[i].lastlogin, "-", 2);
 
     auth_dat[i].sex = (sex == 'M');
 
@@ -1123,62 +869,57 @@ int mmo_auth_new (struct mmo_account *account, char sex, const char *email)
 
     auth_dat[i].state = 0;
 
-    if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
-        strncpy (auth_dat[i].email, "a@a.com", 40);
+    if (e_mail_check(email) == 0)
+        strncpy(auth_dat[i].email, "a@a.com", 40);
     else
-        strncpy (auth_dat[i].email, email, 40);
+        strncpy(auth_dat[i].email, email, 40);
 
-    strncpy (auth_dat[i].error_message, "-", 20);
+    strncpy(auth_dat[i].error_message, "-", 20);
 
-    auth_dat[i].ban_until_time = 0;
+    auth_dat[i].ban_until_time = TimeT();
 
     if (start_limited_time < 0)
-        auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = 0; // unlimited
+        auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = TimeT(); // unlimited
     else
-    {                           // limited time
-        timestamp = time (NULL) + start_limited_time;
-        // double conversion to be sure that it is possible
-        tmtime = gmtime (&timestamp);
-        timestamp_temp = mktime (tmtime);
-        if (timestamp_temp != -1 && (timestamp_temp + 3600) >= timestamp)   // check possible value and overflow (and avoid summer/winter hour)
-            auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = timestamp_temp;
-        else
-            auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = 0; // unlimited
+    {
+        // limited time
+        TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(TimeT::now()) + start_limited_time;
+        // there used to be a silly overflow check here, but it wasn't
+        // correct, and we don't support time-limited accounts.
+        auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = timestamp;
     }
 
-    strncpy (auth_dat[i].last_ip, "-", 16);
+    strncpy(auth_dat[i].last_ip, "-", 16);
 
-    strncpy (auth_dat[i].memo, "!", 255);
+    strncpy(auth_dat[i].memo, "!", 255);
 
     auth_dat[i].account_reg2_num = 0;
 
     auth_num++;
 
-    return (account_id_count - 1);
+    return(account_id_count - 1);
 }
 
 //---------------------------------------
 // Check/authentification of a connection
 //---------------------------------------
 static
-int mmo_auth (struct mmo_account *account, int fd)
+int mmo_auth(struct mmo_account *account, int fd)
 {
-    int  i;
-    struct timeval tv;
-    char tmpstr[256];
-    int  len, newaccount = 0;
+    int i;
+    int len, newaccount = 0;
 #ifdef PASSWDENC
     char md5str[64], md5bin[32];
 #endif
 
     const char *ip = ip2str(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr);
 
-    len = strlen (account->userid) - 2;
+    len = strlen(account->userid) - 2;
     // Account creation with _M/_F
     if (account->passwdenc == 0 && account->userid[len] == '_' &&
         (account->userid[len + 1] == 'F' || account->userid[len + 1] == 'M')
         && new_account_flag == 1 && account_id_count <= END_ACCOUNT_NUM
-        && len >= 4 && strlen (account->passwd) >= 4)
+        && len >= 4 && strlen(account->passwd) >= 4)
     {
         if (new_account_flag == 1)
             newaccount = 1;
@@ -1188,102 +929,40 @@ int mmo_auth (struct mmo_account *account, int fd)
     // Strict account search
     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (account->userid, auth_dat[i].userid) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(account->userid, auth_dat[i].userid) == 0)
             break;
     }
     // if there is no creation request and strict account search fails, we do a no sensitive case research for index
     if (newaccount == 0 && i == auth_num)
     {
-        i = search_account_index (account->userid);
+        i = search_account_index(account->userid);
         if (i == -1)
             i = auth_num;
         else
-            memcpy (account->userid, auth_dat[i].userid, 24);   // for the possible tests/checks afterwards (copy correcte sensitive case).
+            memcpy(account->userid, auth_dat[i].userid, 24);   // for the possible tests/checks afterwards (copy correcte sensitive case).
     }
 
     if (i != auth_num)
     {
-        int  encpasswdok = 0;
-        struct login_session_data *ld;
+        int encpasswdok = 0;
         if (newaccount)
         {
-            login_log
-                ("Attempt of creation of an already existant account (account: %s_%c, ip: %s)\n",
+            LOGIN_LOG("Attempt of creation of an already existant account (account: %s_%c, ip: %s)\n",
                  account->userid, account->userid[len + 1], ip);
             return 9;           // 9 = Account already exists
         }
-        ld = (struct login_session_data*) session[fd]->session_data;
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
-        if (account->passwdenc > 0)
-        {
-            int  j = account->passwdenc;
-            if (!ld)
-            {
-                login_log ("Md5 key not created (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
-                           account->userid, ip);
-                return 1;       // 1 = Incorrect Password
-            }
-            if (j > 2)
-                j = 1;
-            do
-            {
-                if (j == 1)
-                {
-                    strncpy (md5str, ld->md5key, sizeof (ld->md5key));  // 20
-                    strcat (md5str, auth_dat[i].pass);  // 24
-                }
-                else if (j == 2)
-                {
-                    strncpy (md5str, auth_dat[i].pass, sizeof (auth_dat[i].pass));  // 24
-                    strcat (md5str, ld->md5key);    // 20
-                }
-                else
-                    md5str[0] = '\0';
-                md5str[sizeof (md5str) - 1] = '\0'; // 64
-                MD5_String2binary (md5str, md5bin);
-                encpasswdok = (memcmp (account->passwd, md5bin, 16) == 0);
-            }
-            while (j < 2 && !encpasswdok && (j++) != account->passwdenc);
-//          printf("key[%s] md5 [%s] ", md5key, md5);
-//          printf("client [%s] accountpass [%s]\n", account->passwd, auth_dat[i].pass);
-        }
-#endif
-        if ((!pass_ok (account->passwd, auth_dat[i].pass)) && !encpasswdok)
+        if ((!pass_ok(account->passwd, auth_dat[i].pass)) && !encpasswdok)
         {
             if (account->passwdenc == 0)
-                login_log
-                    ("Invalid password (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("Invalid password (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                      account->userid, ip);
 
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
-            else
-            {
-                char logbuf[512], *p = logbuf;
-                int  j;
-                p += sprintf (p,
-                              "Invalid password (account: %s, received md5[",
-                              account->userid);
-                for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
-                    p += sprintf (p, "%02x",
-                                  ((unsigned char *) account->passwd)[j]);
-                p += sprintf (p, "] calculated md5[");
-                for (j = 0; j < 16; j++)
-                    p += sprintf (p, "%02x", ((unsigned char *) md5bin)[j]);
-                p += sprintf (p, "] md5 key[");
-                for (j = 0; j < ld->md5keylen; j++)
-                    p += sprintf (p, "%02x",
-                                  ((unsigned char *) ld->md5key)[j]);
-                p += sprintf (p, "], ip: %s)\n", ip);
-                login_log (logbuf);
-            }
-#endif
             return 1;           // 1 = Incorrect Password
         }
 
         if (auth_dat[i].state)
         {
-            login_log
-                ("Connection refused (account: %s, state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+            LOGIN_LOG("Connection refused (account: %s, state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                  account->userid, auth_dat[i].state,
                  ip);
             switch (auth_dat[i].state)
@@ -1299,77 +978,71 @@ int mmo_auth (struct mmo_account *account, int fd)
                 case 9:        // 8 = No MSG (actually, all states after 9 except 99 are No MSG, use only this)
                 case 100:      // 99 = This ID has been totally erased
                     return auth_dat[i].state - 1;
-                    break;
                 default:
                     return 99;  // 99 = ID has been totally erased
-                    break;
             }
         }
 
-        if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time != 0)
-        {                       // if account is banned
-            strftime (tmpstr, 20, date_format,
-                      gmtime (&auth_dat[i].ban_until_time));
-            tmpstr[19] = '\0';
-            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time > time (NULL))
-            {                   // always banned
-                login_log
-                    ("Connection refused (account: %s, banned until %s, ip: %s)\n",
+        if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time)
+        {
+            // if account is banned
+            timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+            stamp_time(tmpstr, &auth_dat[i].ban_until_time);
+            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time > TimeT::now())
+            {
+                // always banned
+                LOGIN_LOG("Connection refused (account: %s, banned until %s, ip: %s)\n",
                      account->userid, tmpstr, ip);
                 return 6;       // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
             }
             else
-            {                   // ban is finished
-                login_log
-                    ("End of ban (account: %s, previously banned until %s -> not more banned, ip: %s)\n",
+            {
+                // ban is finished
+                LOGIN_LOG("End of ban (account: %s, previously banned until %s -> not more banned, ip: %s)\n",
                      account->userid, tmpstr, ip);
-                auth_dat[i].ban_until_time = 0; // reset the ban time
+                auth_dat[i].ban_until_time = TimeT(); // reset the ban time
             }
         }
 
-        if (auth_dat[i].connect_until_time != 0
-            && auth_dat[i].connect_until_time < time (NULL))
+        if (auth_dat[i].connect_until_time
+            && auth_dat[i].connect_until_time < TimeT::now())
         {
-            login_log
-                ("Connection refused (account: %s, expired ID, ip: %s)\n",
+            LOGIN_LOG("Connection refused (account: %s, expired ID, ip: %s)\n",
                  account->userid, ip);
             return 2;           // 2 = This ID is expired
         }
 
-        login_log ("Authentification accepted (account: %s (id: %d), ip: %s)\n",
+        LOGIN_LOG("Authentification accepted (account: %s (id: %d), ip: %s)\n",
                    account->userid, auth_dat[i].account_id, ip);
     }
     else
     {
         if (newaccount == 0)
         {
-            login_log
-                ("Unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+            LOGIN_LOG("Unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                  account->userid, ip);
             return 0;           // 0 = Unregistered ID
         }
         else
         {
-            int  new_id =
-                mmo_auth_new (account, account->userid[len + 1], "a@a.com");
-            login_log
-                ("Account creation and authentification accepted (account %s (id: %d), sex: %c, connection with _F/_M, ip: %s)\n",
+            int new_id =
+                mmo_auth_new(account, account->userid[len + 1], "a@a.com");
+            LOGIN_LOG("Account creation and authentification accepted (account %s (id: %d), sex: %c, connection with _F/_M, ip: %s)\n",
                  account->userid, new_id,
                  account->userid[len + 1], ip);
         }
     }
 
-    gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-    strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format, gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-    sprintf (tmpstr + strlen (tmpstr), ".%03d", (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000);
+    timestamp_milliseconds_buffer tmpstr;
+    stamp_time(tmpstr);
 
     account->account_id = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-    account->login_id1 = mt_random ();
-    account->login_id2 = mt_random ();
-    memcpy (account->lastlogin, auth_dat[i].lastlogin, 24);
-    memcpy (auth_dat[i].lastlogin, tmpstr, 24);
+    account->login_id1 = random_::generate();
+    account->login_id2 = random_::generate();
+    memcpy(account->lastlogin, auth_dat[i].lastlogin, 24);
+    memcpy(auth_dat[i].lastlogin, tmpstr, 24);
     account->sex = auth_dat[i].sex;
-    strncpy (auth_dat[i].last_ip, ip, 16);
+    strncpy(auth_dat[i].last_ip, ip, 16);
     auth_dat[i].logincount++;
 
     return -1;                  // account OK
@@ -1379,23 +1052,21 @@ int mmo_auth (struct mmo_account *account, int fd)
 // Char-server anti-freeze system
 //-------------------------------
 static
-void char_anti_freeze_system (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void char_anti_freeze_system(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    //printf("Entering in char_anti_freeze_system function to check freeze of servers.\n");
+    //PRINTF("Entering in char_anti_freeze_system function to check freeze of servers.\n");
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
     {
         if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
         {                       // if char-server is online
-            //printf("char_anti_freeze_system: server #%d '%s', flag: %d.\n", i, server[i].name, server_freezeflag[i]);
+            //PRINTF("char_anti_freeze_system: server #%d '%s', flag: %d.\n", i, server[i].name, server_freezeflag[i]);
             if (server_freezeflag[i]-- < 1)
             {                   // Char-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-                printf
-                    ("Char-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d '%s' is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
+                PRINTF("Char-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d '%s' is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
                      i, server[i].name);
-                login_log
-                    ("Char-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d '%s' is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server anti-freeze system: char-server #%d '%s' is freezed -> disconnection.\n",
                      i, server[i].name);
                 session[server_fd[i]]->eof = 1;
             }
@@ -1407,9 +1078,9 @@ void char_anti_freeze_system (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_
 // Packet parsing for char-servers
 //--------------------------------
 static
-void parse_fromchar (int fd)
+void parse_fromchar(int fd)
 {
-    int  i, j, id;
+    int i, j, id;
 
     const char *ip = ip2str(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr);
 
@@ -1420,89 +1091,81 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
     {
         if (id < MAX_SERVERS)
         {
-            printf ("Char-server '%s' has disconnected.\n", server[id].name);
-            login_log ("Char-server '%s' has disconnected (ip: %s).\n",
+            PRINTF("Char-server '%s' has disconnected.\n", server[id].name);
+            LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s' has disconnected (ip: %s).\n",
                        server[id].name, ip);
             server_fd[id] = -1;
-            memset (&server[id], 0, sizeof (struct mmo_char_server));
+            memset(&server[id], 0, sizeof(struct mmo_char_server));
         }
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
-        if (display_parse_fromchar == 2 || (display_parse_fromchar == 1 && RFIFOW (fd, 0) != 0x2714))   // 0x2714 is done very often (number of players)
-            printf
-                ("parse_fromchar: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d bytes).\n",
-                 fd, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd));
+        if (display_parse_fromchar == 2 || (display_parse_fromchar == 1 && RFIFOW(fd, 0) != 0x2714))   // 0x2714 is done very often (number of players)
+            PRINTF("parse_fromchar: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu bytes).\n",
+                 fd, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
 
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
                 // request from map-server via char-server to reload GM accounts (by Yor).
             case 0x2709:
-                login_log
-                    ("Char-server '%s': Request to re-load GM configuration file (ip: %s).\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Request to re-load GM configuration file (ip: %s).\n",
                      server[id].name, ip);
-                read_gm_account ();
+                read_gm_account();
                 // send GM accounts to all char-servers
-                send_GM_accounts ();
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                send_GM_accounts();
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
 
             case 0x2712:       // request from char-server to authentify an account
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 19)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 19)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);   // speed up
+                    int acc;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);   // speed up
                     for (i = 0; i < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_fifo[i].account_id == acc &&
-                            auth_fifo[i].login_id1 == RFIFOL (fd, 6) &&
-#if CMP_AUTHFIFO_LOGIN2 != 0
-                            auth_fifo[i].login_id2 == RFIFOL (fd, 10) &&    // relate to the versions higher than 18
-#endif
-                            auth_fifo[i].sex == RFIFOB (fd, 14) &&
+                            auth_fifo[i].login_id1 == RFIFOL(fd, 6) &&
+                            auth_fifo[i].login_id2 == RFIFOL(fd, 10) &&    // relate to the versions higher than 18
+                            auth_fifo[i].sex == RFIFOB(fd, 14) &&
                             (!check_ip_flag
-                             || auth_fifo[i].ip == RFIFOL (fd, 15))
+                             || auth_fifo[i].ip == RFIFOL(fd, 15))
                             && !auth_fifo[i].delflag)
                         {
-                            int  p, k;
+                            int p, k;
                             auth_fifo[i].delflag = 1;
-                            login_log
-                                ("Char-server '%s': authentification of the account %d accepted (ip: %s).\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': authentification of the account %d accepted (ip: %s).\n",
                                  server[id].name, acc, ip);
-//                  printf("%d\n", i);
+//                  PRINTF("%d\n", i);
                             for (k = 0; k < auth_num; k++)
                             {
                                 if (auth_dat[k].account_id == acc)
                                 {
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2729;    // Sending of the account_reg2
-                                    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = acc;
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2729;    // Sending of the account_reg2
+                                    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = acc;
                                     for (p = 8, j = 0;
                                          j < auth_dat[k].account_reg2_num;
                                          p += 36, j++)
                                     {
-                                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, p),
+                                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, p),
                                                 auth_dat[k].
                                                 account_reg2[j].str, 32);
-                                        WFIFOL (fd, p + 32) =
+                                        WFIFOL(fd, p + 32) =
                                             auth_dat[k].account_reg2[j].value;
                                     }
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = p;
-                                    WFIFOSET (fd, p);
-//                          printf("parse_fromchar: Sending of account_reg2: login->char (auth fifo)\n");
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2713;
-                                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = acc;
-                                    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = 0;
-                                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 7), auth_dat[k].email,
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = p;
+                                    WFIFOSET(fd, p);
+//                          PRINTF("parse_fromchar: Sending of account_reg2: login->char (auth fifo)\n");
+                                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2713;
+                                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = acc;
+                                    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = 0;
+                                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 7), auth_dat[k].email,
                                             40);
-                                    WFIFOL (fd, 47) =
-                                        (unsigned long)
-                                        auth_dat[k].connect_until_time;
-                                    WFIFOSET (fd, 51);
+                                    WFIFOL(fd, 47) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[k].connect_until_time);
+                                    WFIFOSET(fd, 51);
                                     break;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -1512,215 +1175,192 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                     // authentification not found
                     if (i == AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': authentification of the account %d REFUSED (ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': authentification of the account %d REFUSED (ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2713;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = acc;
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 6) = 1;
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2713;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = acc;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 6) = 1;
                         // It is unnecessary to send email
                         // It is unnecessary to send validity date of the account
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 51);
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 51);
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 19);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 19);
                 break;
 
             case 0x2714:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
-                //printf("parse_fromchar: Receiving of the users number of the server '%s': %d\n", server[id].name, RFIFOL(fd,2));
-                server[id].users = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+                //PRINTF("parse_fromchar: Receiving of the users number of the server '%s': %d\n", server[id].name, RFIFOL(fd,2));
+                server[id].users = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
                 if (anti_freeze_enable)
                     server_freezeflag[id] = 5;  // Char anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
                 // we receive a e-mail creation of an account with a default e-mail (no answer)
             case 0x2715:
             {
-                int  acc;
+                int acc;
                 char email[40];
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 46)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 46)
                     return;
-                acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);   // speed up
-                memcpy (email, RFIFOP (fd, 6), 40);
+                acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);   // speed up
+                memcpy(email, RFIFOP(fd, 6), 40);
                 email[39] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (email);
-                //printf("parse_fromchar: an e-mail creation of an account with a default e-mail: server '%s', account: %d, e-mail: '%s'.\n", server[id].name, acc, RFIFOP(fd,6));
-                if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
-                    login_log
-                        ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to create an e-mail on an account with a default e-mail REFUSED - e-mail is invalid (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                remove_control_chars(email);
+                //PRINTF("parse_fromchar: an e-mail creation of an account with a default e-mail: server '%s', account: %d, e-mail: '%s'.\n", server[id].name, acc, RFIFOP(fd,6));
+                if (e_mail_check(email) == 0)
+                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to create an e-mail on an account with a default e-mail REFUSED - e-mail is invalid (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                          server[id].name, acc, ip);
                 else
                 {
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc
-                            && (strcmp (auth_dat[i].email, "a@a.com") == 0
+                            && (strcmp(auth_dat[i].email, "a@a.com") == 0
                                 || auth_dat[i].email[0] == '\0'))
                         {
-                            memcpy (auth_dat[i].email, email, 40);
-                            login_log
-                                ("Char-server '%s': Create an e-mail on an account with a default e-mail (account: %d, new e-mail: %s, ip: %s).\n",
+                            memcpy(auth_dat[i].email, email, 40);
+                            LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Create an e-mail on an account with a default e-mail (account: %d, new e-mail: %s, ip: %s).\n",
                                  server[id].name, acc, email, ip);
                             break;
                         }
                     }
                     if (i == auth_num)
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to create an e-mail on an account with a default e-mail REFUSED - account doesn't exist or e-mail of account isn't default e-mail (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to create an e-mail on an account with a default e-mail REFUSED - account doesn't exist or e-mail of account isn't default e-mail (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 46);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 46);
                 break;
 
                 // We receive an e-mail/limited time request, because a player comes back from a map-server to the char-server
             }
             case 0x2716:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
-                //printf("parse_fromchar: E-mail/limited time request from '%s' server (concerned account: %d)\n", server[id].name, RFIFOL(fd,2));
+                //PRINTF("parse_fromchar: E-mail/limited time request from '%s' server (concerned account: %d)\n", server[id].name, RFIFOL(fd,2));
                 for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                 {
-                    if (auth_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                    if (auth_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': e-mail of the account %d found (ip: %s).\n",
-                             server[id].name, RFIFOL (fd, 2), ip);
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2717;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].email, 40);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 46) =
-                            (unsigned long) auth_dat[i].connect_until_time;
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 50);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': e-mail of the account %d found (ip: %s).\n",
+                             server[id].name, RFIFOL(fd, 2), ip);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2717;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].email, 40);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 46) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[i].connect_until_time);
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 50);
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 if (i == auth_num)
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("Char-server '%s': e-mail of the account %d NOT found (ip: %s).\n",
-                         server[id].name, RFIFOL (fd, 2), ip);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': e-mail of the account %d NOT found (ip: %s).\n",
+                         server[id].name, RFIFOL(fd, 2), ip);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
             case 0x2720:       // To become GM request
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc;
+                    int acc;
                     unsigned char buf[10];
                     FILE *fp;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-                    //printf("parse_fromchar: Request to become a GM acount from %d account.\n", acc);
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2721;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = acc;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 6) = 0;
-                    if (strcmp ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 8), gm_pass) == 0)
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+                    //PRINTF("parse_fromchar: Request to become a GM acount from %d account.\n", acc);
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2721;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = acc;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 6) = 0;
+                    if (strcmp((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 8), gm_pass) == 0)
                     {
                         // only non-GM can become GM
-                        if (isGM (acc) == 0)
+                        if (isGM(acc) == 0)
                         {
                             // if we autorise creation
                             if (level_new_gm > 0)
                             {
                                 // if we can open the file to add the new GM
                                 if ((fp =
-                                     fopen_ (GM_account_filename,
+                                     fopen_(GM_account_filename,
                                              "a")) != NULL)
                                 {
-                                    char tmpstr[24];
-                                    struct timeval tv;
-                                    gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-                                    strftime (tmpstr, 23, date_format,
-                                              gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-                                    fprintf (fp,
+                                    timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                                    stamp_time(tmpstr);
+                                    FPRINTF(fp,
                                              "\n// %s: @GM command on account %d\n%d %d\n",
                                              tmpstr,
                                              acc, acc, level_new_gm);
-                                    fclose_ (fp);
-                                    WBUFL (buf, 6) = level_new_gm;
-                                    read_gm_account ();
-                                    send_GM_accounts ();
-                                    printf
-                                        ("GM Change of the account %d: level 0 -> %d.\n",
+                                    fclose_(fp);
+                                    WBUFL(buf, 6) = level_new_gm;
+                                    read_gm_account();
+                                    send_GM_accounts();
+                                    PRINTF("GM Change of the account %d: level 0 -> %d.\n",
                                          acc, level_new_gm);
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("Char-server '%s': GM Change of the account %d: level 0 -> %d (ip: %s).\n",
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': GM Change of the account %d: level 0 -> %d (ip: %s).\n",
                                          server[id].name, acc,
                                          level_new_gm, ip);
                                 }
                                 else
                                 {
-                                    printf
-                                        ("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, unable to add a GM account in GM accounts file)\n",
+                                    PRINTF("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, unable to add a GM account in GM accounts file)\n",
                                          acc);
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, unable to add a GM account in GM accounts file, ip: %s).\n",
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, unable to add a GM account in GM accounts file, ip: %s).\n",
                                          server[id].name, acc, ip);
                                 }
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                printf
-                                    ("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, but GM creation is disable (level_new_gm = 0))\n",
+                                PRINTF("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, but GM creation is disable (level_new_gm = 0))\n",
                                      acc);
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, but GM creation is disable (level_new_gm = 0), ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, correct password, but GM creation is disable (level_new_gm = 0), ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc, ip);
                             }
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            printf
-                                ("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d (already GM), correct password).\n",
+                            PRINTF("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d (already GM), correct password).\n",
                                  acc);
-                            login_log
-                                ("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d (already GM), correct password, ip: %s).\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d (already GM), correct password, ip: %s).\n",
                                  server[id].name, acc, ip);
                         }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        printf
-                            ("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, invalid password).\n",
+                        PRINTF("Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, invalid password).\n",
                              acc);
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, invalid password, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of GM change (suggested account: %d, invalid password, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     }
-                    charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 10);
+                    charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 10);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 return;
 
                 // Map server send information to change an email of an account via char-server
             case 0x2722:       // 0x2722 <account_id>.L <actual_e-mail>.40B <new_e-mail>.40B
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 86)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 86)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc;
+                    int acc;
                     char actual_email[40], new_email[40];
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    memcpy (actual_email, RFIFOP (fd, 6), 40);
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    memcpy(actual_email, RFIFOP(fd, 6), 40);
                     actual_email[39] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (actual_email);
-                    memcpy (new_email, RFIFOP (fd, 46), 40);
+                    remove_control_chars(actual_email);
+                    memcpy(new_email, RFIFOP(fd, 46), 40);
                     new_email[39] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (new_email);
-                    if (e_mail_check (actual_email) == 0)
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command), but actual email is invalid (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                    remove_control_chars(new_email);
+                    if (e_mail_check(actual_email) == 0)
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command), but actual email is invalid (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
-                    else if (e_mail_check (new_email) == 0)
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command) with a invalid new e-mail (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                    else if (e_mail_check(new_email) == 0)
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command) with a invalid new e-mail (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
-                    else if (strcasecmp (new_email, "a@a.com") == 0)
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command) with a default e-mail (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                    else if (strcasecmp(new_email, "a@a.com") == 0)
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command) with a default e-mail (account: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     else
                     {
@@ -1728,18 +1368,16 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                         {
                             if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                             {
-                                if (strcasecmp (auth_dat[i].email, actual_email)
+                                if (strcasecmp(auth_dat[i].email, actual_email)
                                     == 0)
                                 {
-                                    memcpy (auth_dat[i].email, new_email, 40);
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("Char-server '%s': Modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command) (account: %d (%s), new e-mail: %s, ip: %s).\n",
+                                    memcpy(auth_dat[i].email, new_email, 40);
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command) (account: %d (%s), new e-mail: %s, ip: %s).\n",
                                          server[id].name, acc,
                                          auth_dat[i].userid, new_email, ip);
                                 }
                                 else
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command), but actual e-mail is incorrect (account: %d (%s), actual e-mail: %s, proposed e-mail: %s, ip: %s).\n",
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command), but actual e-mail is incorrect (account: %d (%s), actual e-mail: %s, proposed e-mail: %s, ip: %s).\n",
                                          server[id].name, acc,
                                          auth_dat[i].userid,
                                          auth_dat[i].email, actual_email, ip);
@@ -1747,40 +1385,38 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                             }
                         }
                         if (i == auth_num)
-                            login_log
-                                ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command), but account doesn't exist (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify an e-mail on an account (@email GM command), but account doesn't exist (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
                                  server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 86);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 86);
                 break;
 
                 // Receiving of map-server via char-server a status change resquest (by Yor)
             case 0x2724:
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 10)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 10)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc, statut;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    statut = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
+                    int acc, statut;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    statut = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                         {
                             if (auth_dat[i].state != statut)
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Status change (account: %d, new status %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Status change (account: %d, new status %d, ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc, statut,
                                      ip);
                                 if (statut != 0)
                                 {
                                     unsigned char buf[16];
-                                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2731;
-                                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = acc;
-                                    WBUFB (buf, 6) = 0; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                                    WBUFL (buf, 7) = statut;    // status or final date of a banishment
-                                    charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 11);
+                                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2731;
+                                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = acc;
+                                    WBUFB(buf, 6) = 0; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                                    WBUFL(buf, 7) = statut;    // status or final date of a banishment
+                                    charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 11);
                                     for (j = 0; j < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; j++)
                                         if (auth_fifo[j].account_id == acc)
                                             auth_fifo[j].login_id1++;   // to avoid reconnection error when come back from map-server (char-server will ask again the authentification)
@@ -1788,8 +1424,7 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                                 auth_dat[i].state = statut;
                             }
                             else
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s':  Error of Status change - actual status is already the good status (account: %d, status %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s':  Error of Status change - actual status is already the good status (account: %d, status %d, ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc, statut,
                                      ip);
                             break;
@@ -1797,70 +1432,61 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                     }
                     if (i == auth_num)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Error of Status change (account: %d not found, suggested status %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of Status change (account: %d not found, suggested status %d, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, statut, ip);
                     }
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 10);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 10);
                 }
                 return;
 
             case 0x2725:       // Receiving of map-server via char-server a ban resquest (by Yor)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 18)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 18)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+                    int acc;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                         {
-                            time_t timestamp;
-                            struct tm *tmtime;
-                            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time == 0
-                                || auth_dat[i].ban_until_time < time (NULL))
-                                timestamp = time (NULL);
+                            TimeT now = TimeT::now();
+                            TimeT timestamp;
+                            if (!auth_dat[i].ban_until_time
+                                || auth_dat[i].ban_until_time < now)
+                                timestamp = now;
                             else
                                 timestamp = auth_dat[i].ban_until_time;
-                            tmtime = gmtime (&timestamp);
-                            tmtime->tm_year =
-                                tmtime->tm_year + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 6);
-                            tmtime->tm_mon =
-                                tmtime->tm_mon + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 8);
-                            tmtime->tm_mday =
-                                tmtime->tm_mday + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 10);
-                            tmtime->tm_hour =
-                                tmtime->tm_hour + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 12);
-                            tmtime->tm_min =
-                                tmtime->tm_min + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 14);
-                            tmtime->tm_sec =
-                                tmtime->tm_sec + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 16);
-                            timestamp = timegm (tmtime);
-                            if (timestamp != -1)
+                            struct tm tmtime = timestamp;
+                            tmtime.tm_year += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 6);
+                            tmtime.tm_mon += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 8);
+                            tmtime.tm_mday += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 10);
+                            tmtime.tm_hour += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 12);
+                            tmtime.tm_min += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 14);
+                            tmtime.tm_sec += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 16);
+                            timestamp = tmtime;
+                            if (timestamp.okay())
                             {
-                                if (timestamp <= time (NULL))
-                                    timestamp = 0;
+                                if (timestamp <= now)
+                                    timestamp = TimeT();
                                 if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time != timestamp)
                                 {
-                                    if (timestamp != 0)
+                                    if (timestamp)
                                     {
                                         unsigned char buf[16];
-                                        char tmpstr[2048];
-                                        strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                                  gmtime (&timestamp));
-                                        login_log
-                                            ("Char-server '%s': Ban request (account: %d, new final date of banishment: %ld (%s), ip: %s).\n",
-                                             server[id].name, acc,
-                                             timestamp,
-                                             (timestamp ==
-                                              0 ? "no banishment" : tmpstr),
-                                             ip);
-                                        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2731;
-                                        WBUFL (buf, 2) =
+                                        timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                                        if (timestamp)
+                                            stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Ban request (account: %d, new final date of banishment: %lld (%s), ip: %s).\n",
+                                                server[id].name, acc,
+                                                timestamp,
+                                                tmpstr,
+                                                ip);
+                                        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2731;
+                                        WBUFL(buf, 2) =
                                             auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                                        WBUFB (buf, 6) = 1; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                                        WBUFL (buf, 7) = timestamp; // status or final date of a banishment
-                                        charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 11);
+                                        WBUFB(buf, 6) = 1; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                                        WBUFL(buf, 7) = static_cast<time_t>(timestamp); // status or final date of a banishment
+                                        charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 11);
                                         for (j = 0; j < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; j++)
                                             if (auth_fifo[j].account_id ==
                                                 acc)
@@ -1868,8 +1494,7 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                                     }
                                     else
                                     {
-                                        login_log
-                                            ("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d, new date unbans the account, ip: %s).\n",
+                                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d, new date unbans the account, ip: %s).\n",
                                              server[id].name, acc,
                                              ip);
                                     }
@@ -1877,15 +1502,13 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                                 }
                                 else
                                 {
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d, no change for ban date, ip: %s).\n",
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d, no change for ban date, ip: %s).\n",
                                          server[id].name, acc, ip);
                                 }
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d, invalid date, ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d, invalid date, ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc, ip);
                             }
                             break;
@@ -1893,28 +1516,26 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                     }
                     if (i == auth_num)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d not found, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of ban request (account: %d not found, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     }
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 18);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 18);
                 }
                 return;
 
             case 0x2727:       // Change of sex (sex is reversed)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc, sex;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+                    int acc, sex;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
-//                  printf("%d,", auth_dat[i].account_id);
+//                  PRINTF("%d,", auth_dat[i].account_id);
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                         {
                             if (auth_dat[i].sex == 2)
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Error of sex change - Server account (suggested account: %d, actual sex %d (Server), ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of sex change - Server account (suggested account: %d, actual sex %d (Server), ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc,
                                      auth_dat[i].sex, ip);
                             else
@@ -1924,8 +1545,7 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                                     sex = 1;
                                 else
                                     sex = 0;
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Sex change (account: %d, new sex %c, ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Sex change (account: %d, new sex %c, ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc,
                                      (sex == 2) ? 'S' : (sex ? 'M' : 'F'),
                                      ip);
@@ -1933,92 +1553,87 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                                     if (auth_fifo[j].account_id == acc)
                                         auth_fifo[j].login_id1++;   // to avoid reconnection error when come back from map-server (char-server will ask again the authentification)
                                 auth_dat[i].sex = sex;
-                                WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2723;
-                                WBUFL (buf, 2) = acc;
-                                WBUFB (buf, 6) = sex;
-                                charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 7);
+                                WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2723;
+                                WBUFL(buf, 2) = acc;
+                                WBUFB(buf, 6) = sex;
+                                charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 7);
                             }
                             break;
                         }
                     }
                     if (i == auth_num)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Error of sex change (account: %d not found, sex would be reversed, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of sex change (account: %d not found, sex would be reversed, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     }
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 }
                 return;
 
             case 0x2728:       // We receive account_reg2 from a char-server, and we send them to other char-servers.
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST (fd) < RFIFOW (fd, 2))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4 || RFIFOREST(fd) < RFIFOW(fd, 2))
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc, p;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
+                    int acc, p;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                         {
-                            unsigned char buf[RFIFOW (fd, 2) + 1];
-                            login_log
-                                ("Char-server '%s': receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                            unsigned char buf[RFIFOW(fd, 2) + 1];
+                            LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
                                  server[id].name, acc, ip);
                             for (p = 8, j = 0;
-                                 p < RFIFOW (fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
+                                 p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
                                  p += 36, j++)
                             {
-                                memcpy (auth_dat[i].account_reg2[j].str,
-                                        RFIFOP (fd, p), 32);
+                                memcpy(auth_dat[i].account_reg2[j].str,
+                                        RFIFOP(fd, p), 32);
                                 auth_dat[i].account_reg2[j].str[31] = '\0';
-                                remove_control_chars (auth_dat[i].account_reg2
+                                remove_control_chars(auth_dat[i].account_reg2
                                                       [j].str);
                                 auth_dat[i].account_reg2[j].value =
-                                    RFIFOL (fd, p + 32);
+                                    RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
                             }
                             auth_dat[i].account_reg2_num = j;
                             // Sending information towards the other char-servers.
-                            memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 0), RFIFOP (fd, 0),
-                                    RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-                            WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2729;
-                            charif_sendallwos (fd, buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-//                      printf("parse_fromchar: receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (account id: %d).\n", acc);
+                            memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 0), RFIFOP(fd, 0),
+                                    RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+                            WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2729;
+                            charif_sendallwos(fd, buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
+//                      PRINTF("parse_fromchar: receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (account id: %d).\n", acc);
                             break;
                         }
                     }
                     if (i == auth_num)
                     {
-//                  printf("parse_fromchar: receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (unknwon account id: %d).\n", acc);
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (account: %d not found, ip: %s).\n",
+//                  PRINTF("parse_fromchar: receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (unknwon account id: %d).\n", acc);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': receiving (from the char-server) of account_reg2 (account: %d not found, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, RFIFOW(fd, 2));
                 break;
 
             case 0x272a:       // Receiving of map-server via char-server a unban resquest (by Yor)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc;
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+                    int acc;
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                         {
-                            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time != 0)
+                            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time)
                             {
-                                auth_dat[i].ban_until_time = 0;
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': UnBan request (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                                auth_dat[i].ban_until_time = TimeT();
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': UnBan request (account: %d, ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc, ip);
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Error of UnBan request (account: %d, no change for unban date, ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of UnBan request (account: %d, no change for unban date, ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc, ip);
                             }
                             break;
@@ -2026,45 +1641,43 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                     }
                     if (i == auth_num)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Char-server '%s': Error of UnBan request (account: %d not found, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Error of UnBan request (account: %d not found, ip: %s).\n",
                              server[id].name, acc, ip);
                     }
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 }
                 return;
 
                 // request from char-server to change account password
             case 0x2740:       // 0x2740 <account_id>.L <actual_password>.24B <new_password>.24B
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 54)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 54)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  acc;
+                    int acc;
                     char actual_pass[24], new_pass[24];
-                    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    memcpy (actual_pass, RFIFOP (fd, 6), 24);
+                    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    memcpy(actual_pass, RFIFOP(fd, 6), 24);
                     actual_pass[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (actual_pass);
-                    memcpy (new_pass, RFIFOP (fd, 30), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(actual_pass);
+                    memcpy(new_pass, RFIFOP(fd, 30), 24);
                     new_pass[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (new_pass);
+                    remove_control_chars(new_pass);
 
-                    int  status = 0;
+                    int status = 0;
 
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
                         if (auth_dat[i].account_id == acc)
                         {
-                            if (pass_ok (actual_pass, auth_dat[i].pass))
+                            if (pass_ok(actual_pass, auth_dat[i].pass))
                             {
-                                if (strlen (new_pass) < 4)
+                                if (strlen(new_pass) < 4)
                                     status = 3;
                                 else
                                 {
                                     status = 1;
-                                    strcpy (auth_dat[i].pass, MD5_saltcrypt(new_pass, make_salt()));
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("Char-server '%s': Change pass success (account: %d (%s), ip: %s.\n",
+                                    strcpy(auth_dat[i].pass, MD5_saltcrypt(new_pass, make_salt()));
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Change pass success (account: %d (%s), ip: %s.\n",
                                          server[id].name, acc,
                                          auth_dat[i].userid, ip);
                                 }
@@ -2072,80 +1685,75 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
                             else
                             {
                                 status = 2;
-                                login_log
-                                    ("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify a pass failed, wrong password. (account: %d (%s), ip: %s).\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("Char-server '%s': Attempt to modify a pass failed, wrong password. (account: %d (%s), ip: %s).\n",
                                      server[id].name, acc,
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, ip);
                             }
                             break;
                         }
                     }
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2741;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = acc;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = status;    // 0: acc not found, 1: success, 2: password mismatch, 3: pass too short
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 7);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2741;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = acc;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = status;    // 0: acc not found, 1: success, 2: password mismatch, 3: pass too short
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 7);
                 }
 
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 54);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 54);
                 break;
 
             default:
             {
                 FILE *logfp;
-                char tmpstr[24];
-                struct timeval tv;
-                logfp = fopen_ (login_log_unknown_packets_filename, "a");
+                logfp = fopen_(login_log_unknown_packets_filename, "a");
                 if (logfp)
                 {
-                    gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-                    strftime (tmpstr, 23, date_format, gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-                    fprintf (logfp,
-                             "%s.%03d: receiving of an unknown packet -> disconnection\n",
-                             tmpstr, (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000);
-                    fprintf (logfp,
-                             "parse_fromchar: connection #%d (ip: %s), packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d).\n",
-                             fd, ip, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd));
-                    fprintf (logfp, "Detail (in hex):\n");
-                    fprintf (logfp,
+                    timestamp_milliseconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                    stamp_time(tmpstr);
+                    FPRINTF(logfp,
+                             "%s: receiving of an unknown packet -> disconnection\n",
+                             tmpstr);
+                    FPRINTF(logfp,
+                             "parse_fromchar: connection #%d (ip: %s), packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu).\n",
+                             fd, ip, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
+                    FPRINTF(logfp, "Detail (in hex):\n");
+                    FPRINTF(logfp,
                              "---- 00-01-02-03-04-05-06-07  08-09-0A-0B-0C-0D-0E-0F\n");
-                    memset (tmpstr, '\0', sizeof (tmpstr));
-                    for (i = 0; i < RFIFOREST (fd); i++)
+                    memset(tmpstr, '\0', sizeof(tmpstr));
+                    for (i = 0; i < RFIFOREST(fd); i++)
                     {
                         if ((i & 15) == 0)
-                            fprintf (logfp, "%04X ", i);
-                        fprintf (logfp, "%02x ", RFIFOB (fd, i));
-                        if (RFIFOB (fd, i) > 0x1f)
-                            tmpstr[i % 16] = RFIFOB (fd, i);
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, "%04X ", i);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp, "%02x ", RFIFOB(fd, i));
+                        if (RFIFOB(fd, i) > 0x1f)
+                            tmpstr[i % 16] = RFIFOB(fd, i);
                         else
                             tmpstr[i % 16] = '.';
                         if ((i - 7) % 16 == 0)  // -8 + 1
-                            fprintf (logfp, " ");
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, " ");
                         else if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
                         {
-                            fprintf (logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
-                            memset (tmpstr, '\0', sizeof (tmpstr));
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
+                            memset(tmpstr, '\0', sizeof(tmpstr));
                         }
                     }
                     if (i % 16 != 0)
                     {
                         for (j = i; j % 16 != 0; j++)
                         {
-                            fprintf (logfp, "   ");
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, "   ");
                             if ((j - 7) % 16 == 0)  // -8 + 1
-                                fprintf (logfp, " ");
+                                FPRINTF(logfp, " ");
                         }
-                        fprintf (logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
                     }
-                    fprintf (logfp, "\n");
-                    fclose_ (logfp);
+                    FPRINTF(logfp, "\n");
+                    fclose_(logfp);
                 }
             }
-                printf
-                    ("parse_fromchar: Unknown packet 0x%x (from a char-server)! -> disconnection.\n",
-                     RFIFOW (fd, 0));
+                PRINTF("parse_fromchar: Unknown packet 0x%x (from a char-server)! -> disconnection.\n",
+                     RFIFOW(fd, 0));
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
-                printf
-                    ("Char-server has been disconnected (unknown packet).\n");
+                PRINTF("Char-server has been disconnected (unknown packet).\n");
                 return;
         }
     }
@@ -2156,74 +1764,71 @@ void parse_fromchar (int fd)
 // Packet parsing for administation login
 //---------------------------------------
 static
-void parse_admin (int fd)
+void parse_admin(int fd)
 {
-    int  i, j;
-    char *account_name;
+    int i, j;
+    char account_name[24];
 
     const char *ip = ip2str(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr);
 
     if (session[fd]->eof)
     {
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
-        printf ("Remote administration has disconnected (session #%d).\n",
+        delete_session(fd);
+        PRINTF("Remote administration has disconnected (session #%d).\n",
                 fd);
         return;
     }
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
         if (display_parse_admin == 1)
-            printf
-                ("parse_admin: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d).\n",
-                 fd, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd));
+            PRINTF("parse_admin: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu).\n",
+                 fd, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
 
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
             case 0x7530:       // Request of the server version
-                login_log ("'ladmin': Sending of the server version (ip: %s)\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Sending of the server version (ip: %s)\n",
                            ip);
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7531;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 4) = ATHENA_REVISION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 5) = ATHENA_RELEASE_FLAG;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 6) = ATHENA_OFFICIAL_FLAG;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 7) = ATHENA_SERVER_LOGIN;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 8) = ATHENA_MOD_VERSION;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 10);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7531;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 3) = ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 4) = ATHENA_REVISION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 5) = ATHENA_RELEASE_FLAG;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ATHENA_OFFICIAL_FLAG;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 7) = ATHENA_SERVER_LOGIN;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 8) = ATHENA_MOD_VERSION;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7532:       // Request of end of connection
-                login_log ("'ladmin': End of connection (ip: %s)\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': End of connection (ip: %s)\n",
                            ip);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
                 break;
 
             case 0x7920:       // Request of an accounts list
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 10)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 10)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  st, ed, len;
-                    int  id[auth_num];
-                    st = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                    ed = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 10);
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7921;
+                    int st, ed, len;
+                    int id[auth_num];
+                    st = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                    ed = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 10);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7921;
                     if (st < 0)
                         st = 0;
                     if (ed > END_ACCOUNT_NUM || ed < st || ed <= 0)
                         ed = END_ACCOUNT_NUM;
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Sending an accounts list (ask: from %d to %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Sending an accounts list (ask: from %d to %d, ip: %s)\n",
                          st, ed, ip);
                     // Sort before send
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                     {
-                        int  k;
+                        int k;
                         id[i] = i;
                         for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
                         {
@@ -2243,363 +1848,332 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
                     len = 4;
                     for (i = 0; i < auth_num && len < 30000; i++)
                     {
-                        int  account_id = auth_dat[id[i]].account_id;   // use sorted index
+                        int account_id = auth_dat[id[i]].account_id;   // use sorted index
                         if (account_id >= st && account_id <= ed)
                         {
                             j = id[i];
-                            WFIFOL (fd, len) = account_id;
-                            WFIFOB (fd, len + 4) =
-                                (unsigned char) isGM (account_id);
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, len + 5), auth_dat[j].userid,
+                            WFIFOL(fd, len) = account_id;
+                            WFIFOB(fd, len + 4) =
+                                (unsigned char) isGM(account_id);
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, len + 5), auth_dat[j].userid,
                                     24);
-                            WFIFOB (fd, len + 29) = auth_dat[j].sex;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, len + 30) = auth_dat[j].logincount;
-                            if (auth_dat[j].state == 0 && auth_dat[j].ban_until_time != 0)  // if no state and banished
-                                WFIFOL (fd, len + 34) = 7;  // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
+                            WFIFOB(fd, len + 29) = auth_dat[j].sex;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, len + 30) = auth_dat[j].logincount;
+                            if (auth_dat[j].state == 0 && auth_dat[j].ban_until_time)  // if no state and banished
+                                WFIFOL(fd, len + 34) = 7;  // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
                             else
-                                WFIFOL (fd, len + 34) = auth_dat[j].state;
+                                WFIFOL(fd, len + 34) = auth_dat[j].state;
                             len += 38;
                         }
                     }
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = len;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len;
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 0x7924:
             {                   // [Fate] Itemfrob package: change item IDs
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 10)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 10)
                     return;
-                charif_sendallwos (-1, RFIFOP (fd, 0), 10); // forward package to char servers
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 10);
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7925;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 2);
+                uint8_t buf[10];
+                memcpy(buf, RFIFOP(fd, 0), 10);
+                // forward package to char servers
+                charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 10);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7925;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 2);
                 break;
             }
 
             case 0x7930:       // Request for an account creation
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 91)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 91)
                     return;
                 {
                     struct mmo_account ma;
-                    ma.userid = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    ma.passwd = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 26);
-                    memcpy (ma.lastlogin, "-", 2);
-                    ma.sex = RFIFOB (fd, 50);
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7931;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), RFIFOP (fd, 2), 24);
-                    if (strlen (ma.userid) > 23 || strlen (ma.passwd) > 23)
-                    {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to create an invalid account (account or pass is too long, ip: %s)\n",
-                             ip);
-                    }
-                    else if (strlen (ma.userid) < 4 || strlen (ma.passwd) < 4)
+                    strzcpy(ma.userid, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    strzcpy(ma.passwd, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 26)), 24);
+                    memcpy(ma.lastlogin, "-", 2);
+                    ma.sex = RFIFOB(fd, 50);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7931;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), ma.userid, 24);
+                    if (strlen(ma.userid) < 4 || strlen(ma.passwd) < 4)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to create an invalid account (account or pass is too short, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to create an invalid account (account or pass is too short, ip: %s)\n",
                              ip);
                     }
                     else if (ma.sex != 'F' && ma.sex != 'M')
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to create an invalid account (account: %s, invalid sex, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to create an invalid account (account: %s, invalid sex, ip: %s)\n",
                              ma.userid, ip);
                     }
                     else if (account_id_count > END_ACCOUNT_NUM)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to create an account, but there is no more available id number (account: %s, sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to create an account, but there is no more available id number (account: %s, sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
                              ma.userid, ma.sex, ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        remove_control_chars (ma.userid);
-                        remove_control_chars (ma.passwd);
+                        remove_control_chars(ma.userid);
+                        remove_control_chars(ma.passwd);
                         for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                         {
-                            if (strncmp (auth_dat[i].userid, ma.userid, 24) ==
+                            if (strncmp(auth_dat[i].userid, ma.userid, 24) ==
                                 0)
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Attempt to create an already existing account (account: %s ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to create an already existing account (account: %s ip: %s)\n",
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, ip);
                                 break;
                             }
                         }
                         if (i == auth_num)
                         {
-                            int  new_id;
+                            int new_id;
                             char email[40];
-                            memcpy (email, RFIFOP (fd, 51), 40);
-                            email[39] = '\0';
-                            remove_control_chars (email);
-                            new_id = mmo_auth_new (&ma, ma.sex, email);
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Account creation (account: %s (id: %d), sex: %c, email: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            strzcpy(email, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 51)), 40);
+                            remove_control_chars(email);
+                            new_id = mmo_auth_new(&ma, ma.sex, email);
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Account creation (account: %s (id: %d), sex: %c, email: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  ma.userid, new_id,
                                  ma.sex, auth_dat[i].email, ip);
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = new_id;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 2) = new_id;
                         }
                     }
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, 91);
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 91);
                 }
                 break;
 
             case 0x7932:       // Request for an account deletion
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 26)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 26)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7933;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7933;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                i = search_account_index(account_name);
                 if (i != -1)
                 {
                     {
                     // Char-server is notified of deletion (for characters deletion).
-                    unsigned char buf[65535];
-                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2730;
-                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                    charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 6);
+                    uint8_t buf[6];
+                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2730;
+                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                    charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 6);
                     // send answer
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
                     // save deleted account in log file
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Account deletion (account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s) - saved in next line:\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Account deletion (account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s) - saved in next line:\n",
                          auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].account_id,
                          ip);
                     }
                     {
-                    char buf[65535];
-                    mmo_auth_tostr (buf, &auth_dat[i]);
-                    login_log ("%s\n", buf);
+                        std::string buf = mmo_auth_tostr(&auth_dat[i]);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("%s\n", buf);
                     }
                     // delete account
-                    memset (auth_dat[i].userid, '\0',
-                            sizeof (auth_dat[i].userid));
+                    memset(auth_dat[i].userid, '\0',
+                            sizeof(auth_dat[i].userid));
                     auth_dat[i].account_id = -1;
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to delete an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to delete an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          account_name, ip);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 26);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 26);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7934:       // Request to change a password
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 50)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 50)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7935;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7935;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                i = search_account_index(account_name);
                 if (i != -1)
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                    strcpy (auth_dat[i].pass, MD5_saltcrypt((char *)RFIFOP (fd, 26), make_salt()));
-                    auth_dat[i].pass[39] = '\0';
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Modification of a password (account: %s, new password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                    strzcpy(auth_dat[i].pass, MD5_saltcrypt(static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 26)), make_salt()), 40);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a password (account: %s, new password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].pass, ip);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the password of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the password of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          account_name, ip);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 50);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 50);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7936:       // Request to modify a state
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 50)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 50)
                     return;
                 {
                     char error_message[20];
-                    int  statut;
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7937;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                    account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    account_name[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                    statut = RFIFOL (fd, 26);
-                    memcpy (error_message, RFIFOP (fd, 30), 20);
-                    error_message[19] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (error_message);
+                    int statut;
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7937;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                    strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                    statut = RFIFOL(fd, 26);
+                    strzcpy(error_message, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 30)), 20);
+                    remove_control_chars(error_message);
                     if (statut != 7 || error_message[0] == '\0')
                     {           // 7: // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
-                        strcpy (error_message, "-");
+                        strcpy(error_message, "-");
                     }
-                    i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                    i = search_account_index(account_name);
                     if (i != -1)
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
                         if (auth_dat[i].state == statut
-                            && strcmp (auth_dat[i].error_message,
+                            && strcmp(auth_dat[i].error_message,
                                        error_message) == 0)
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Modification of a state, but the state of the account is already the good state (account: %s, received state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a state, but the state of the account is already the good state (account: %s, received state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                  account_name, statut, ip);
                         else
                         {
                             if (statut == 7)
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Modification of a state (account: %s, new state: %d - prohibited to login until '%s', ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a state (account: %s, new state: %d - prohibited to login until '%s', ip: %s)\n",
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, statut,
                                      error_message, ip);
                             else
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Modification of a state (account: %s, new state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a state (account: %s, new state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, statut, ip);
                             if (auth_dat[i].state == 0)
                             {
                                 unsigned char buf[16];
-                                WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2731;
-                                WBUFL (buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                                WBUFB (buf, 6) = 0; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                                WBUFL (buf, 7) = statut;    // status or final date of a banishment
-                                charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 11);
+                                WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2731;
+                                WBUFL(buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                                WBUFB(buf, 6) = 0; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                                WBUFL(buf, 7) = statut;    // status or final date of a banishment
+                                charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 11);
                                 for (j = 0; j < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; j++)
                                     if (auth_fifo[j].account_id ==
                                         auth_dat[i].account_id)
                                         auth_fifo[j].login_id1++;   // to avoid reconnection error when come back from map-server (char-server will ask again the authentification)
                             }
                             auth_dat[i].state = statut;
-                            memcpy (auth_dat[i].error_message, error_message,
+                            memcpy(auth_dat[i].error_message, error_message,
                                     20);
                         }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the state of an unknown account (account: %s, received state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the state of an unknown account (account: %s, received state: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                              account_name, statut, ip);
                     }
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 30) = statut;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 30) = statut;
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 34);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 50);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 50);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7938:       // Request for servers list and # of online players
-                login_log ("'ladmin': Sending of servers list (ip: %s)\n", ip);
+                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Sending of servers list (ip: %s)\n", ip);
                 server_num = 0;
                 for (i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
                 {
                     if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
                     {
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 4 + server_num * 32) = server[i].ip;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 4) = server[i].port;
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 6),
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 4 + server_num * 32) = server[i].ip;
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 4) = server[i].port;
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 6),
                                 server[i].name, 20);
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 26) =
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 26) =
                             server[i].users;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 28) =
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 28) =
                             server[i].maintenance;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 30) = server[i].is_new;
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 4 + server_num * 32 + 30) = server[i].is_new;
                         server_num++;
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7939;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 4 + 32 * server_num;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 4 + 32 * server_num);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7939;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + 32 * server_num;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 4 + 32 * server_num);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
 
             case 0x793a:       // Request to password check
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 50)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 50)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x793b;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x793b;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                i = search_account_index(account_name);
                 if (i != -1)
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-		    if ( pass_ok((char *)RFIFOP (fd, 26), auth_dat[i].pass) )
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                    char pass[24];
+                    strzcpy(pass, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 26)), 24);
+                    if (pass_ok(pass, auth_dat[i].pass))
                     {
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Check of password OK (account: %s, password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Check of password OK (account: %s, password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                              auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].pass,
                              ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        char pass[24];
-                        memcpy (pass, RFIFOP (fd, 26), 24);
-                        pass[23] = '\0';
-                        remove_control_chars (pass);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Failure of password check (account: %s, proposed pass: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        remove_control_chars(pass);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Failure of password check (account: %s, proposed pass: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                              auth_dat[i].userid, pass, ip);
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to check the password of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to check the password of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          account_name, ip);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 50);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 50);
                 break;
 
             case 0x793c:       // Request to modify sex
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 27)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 27)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x793d;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x793d;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
                 {
                     char sex;
-                    sex = RFIFOB (fd, 26);
+                    sex = RFIFOB(fd, 26);
                     if (sex != 'F' && sex != 'M')
                     {
                         if (sex > 31)
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid sex (account: %s, received sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid sex (account: %s, received sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
                                  account_name, sex, ip);
                         else
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid sex (account: %s, received sex: 'control char', ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid sex (account: %s, received sex: 'control char', ip: %s)\n",
                                  account_name, ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                        i = search_account_index(account_name);
                         if (i != -1)
                         {
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
                             if (auth_dat[i].sex !=
                                 ((sex == 'S' || sex == 's') ? 2 : (sex == 'M'
                                                                    || sex ==
                                                                    'm')))
                             {
                                 unsigned char buf[16];
-                                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
                                 for (j = 0; j < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; j++)
                                     if (auth_fifo[j].account_id ==
                                         auth_dat[i].account_id)
@@ -2608,134 +2182,122 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
                                                    || sex ==
                                                    's') ? 2 : (sex == 'M'
                                                                || sex == 'm');
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Modification of a sex (account: %s, new sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a sex (account: %s, new sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, sex, ip);
                                 // send to all char-server the change
-                                WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2723;
-                                WBUFL (buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                                WBUFB (buf, 6) = auth_dat[i].sex;
-                                charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 7);
+                                WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2723;
+                                WBUFL(buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                                WBUFB(buf, 6) = auth_dat[i].sex;
+                                charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 7);
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Modification of a sex, but the sex is already the good sex (account: %s, sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a sex, but the sex is already the good sex (account: %s, sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, sex, ip);
                             }
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the sex of an unknown account (account: %s, received sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the sex of an unknown account (account: %s, received sex: %c, ip: %s)\n",
                                  account_name, sex, ip);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 27);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 27);
                 break;
 
             case 0x793e:       // Request to modify GM level
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 27)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 27)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x793f;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x793f;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
                 {
                     char new_gm_level;
-                    new_gm_level = RFIFOB (fd, 26);
+                    new_gm_level = RFIFOB(fd, 26);
                     if (new_gm_level < 0 || new_gm_level > 99)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid GM level (account: %s, received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid GM level (account: %s, received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                              account_name, (int) new_gm_level, ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                        i = search_account_index(account_name);
                         if (i != -1)
                         {
-                            int  acc = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                            if (isGM (acc) != new_gm_level)
+                            int acc = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                            if (isGM(acc) != new_gm_level)
                             {
                                 // modification of the file
                                 FILE *fp, *fp2;
-                                int  lock;
+                                int lock;
                                 char line[512];
-                                int  GM_account, GM_level;
-                                int  modify_flag;
-                                char tmpstr[24];
-                                struct timeval tv;
+                                int GM_account, GM_level;
+                                int modify_flag;
                                 if ((fp2 =
-                                     lock_fopen (GM_account_filename,
+                                     lock_fopen(GM_account_filename,
                                                  &lock)) != NULL)
                                 {
                                     if ((fp =
-                                         fopen_ (GM_account_filename,
+                                         fopen_(GM_account_filename,
                                                  "r")) != NULL)
                                     {
-                                        gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-                                        strftime (tmpstr, 23, date_format,
-                                                  gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
+                                        timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                                        stamp_time(tmpstr);
                                         modify_flag = 0;
                                         // read/write GM file
-                                        while (fgets
-                                               (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+                                        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, fp))
                                         {
                                             while (line[0] != '\0'
-                                                   && (line[strlen (line) - 1]
+                                                   && (line[strlen(line) - 1]
                                                        == '\n'
-                                                       || line[strlen (line) -
+                                                       || line[strlen(line) -
                                                                1] == '\r'))
-                                                line[strlen (line) - 1] =
+                                                line[strlen(line) - 1] =
                                                     '\0';
                                             if ((line[0] == '/'
                                                  && line[1] == '/')
                                                 || line[0] == '\0')
-                                                fprintf (fp2, "%s\n",
+                                                FPRINTF(fp2, "%s\n",
                                                          line);
                                             else
                                             {
-                                                if (sscanf
-                                                    (line, "%d %d",
+                                                if (sscanf(line, "%d %d",
                                                      &GM_account,
                                                      &GM_level) != 2
-                                                    && sscanf (line, "%d: %d",
+                                                    && sscanf(line, "%d: %d",
                                                                &GM_account,
                                                                &GM_level) !=
                                                     2)
-                                                    fprintf (fp2,
+                                                    FPRINTF(fp2,
                                                              "%s\n",
                                                              line);
                                                 else if (GM_account != acc)
-                                                    fprintf (fp2,
+                                                    FPRINTF(fp2,
                                                              "%s\n",
                                                              line);
                                                 else if (new_gm_level < 1)
                                                 {
-                                                    fprintf (fp2,
+                                                    FPRINTF(fp2,
                                                              "// %s: 'ladmin' GM level removed on account %d '%s' (previous level: %d)\n//%d %d\n",
                                                              tmpstr,
                                                              acc,
-                                                             auth_dat
-                                                             [i].userid,
+                                                             auth_dat[i].userid,
                                                              GM_level, acc,
                                                              new_gm_level);
                                                     modify_flag = 1;
                                                 }
                                                 else
                                                 {
-                                                    fprintf (fp2,
+                                                    FPRINTF(fp2,
                                                              "// %s: 'ladmin' GM level on account %d '%s' (previous level: %d)\n%d %d\n",
                                                              tmpstr,
                                                              acc,
-                                                             auth_dat
-                                                             [i].userid,
+                                                             auth_dat[i].userid,
                                                              GM_level, acc,
                                                              new_gm_level);
                                                     modify_flag = 1;
@@ -2743,277 +2305,261 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
                                             }
                                         }
                                         if (modify_flag == 0)
-                                            fprintf (fp2,
+                                            FPRINTF(fp2,
                                                      "// %s: 'ladmin' GM level on account %d '%s' (previous level: 0)\n%d %d\n",
                                                      tmpstr, acc,
                                                      auth_dat[i].userid, acc,
                                                      new_gm_level);
-                                        fclose_ (fp);
+                                        fclose_(fp);
                                     }
                                     else
                                     {
-                                        login_log
-                                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify of a GM level - impossible to read GM accounts file (account: %s (%d), received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify of a GM level - impossible to read GM accounts file (account: %s (%d), received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                              auth_dat[i].userid, acc,
                                              (int) new_gm_level, ip);
                                     }
                                     lock_fclose(fp2, GM_account_filename, &lock);
-                                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = acc;
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("'ladmin': Modification of a GM level (account: %s (%d), new GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = acc;
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a GM level (account: %s (%d), new GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                          auth_dat[i].userid, acc,
                                             (int) new_gm_level, ip);
                                     // read and send new GM informations
-                                    read_gm_account ();
-                                    send_GM_accounts ();
+                                    read_gm_account();
+                                    send_GM_accounts();
                                 }
                                 else
                                 {
-                                    login_log
-                                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify of a GM level - impossible to write GM accounts file (account: %s (%d), received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify of a GM level - impossible to write GM accounts file (account: %s (%d), received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                          auth_dat[i].userid, acc,
                                          (int) new_gm_level, ip);
                                 }
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify of a GM level, but the GM level is already the good GM level (account: %s (%d), GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify of a GM level, but the GM level is already the good GM level (account: %s (%d), GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                      auth_dat[i].userid, acc,
                                      (int) new_gm_level, ip);
                             }
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the GM level of an unknown account (account: %s, received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the GM level of an unknown account (account: %s, received GM level: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                                  account_name, (int) new_gm_level,
                                  ip);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 27);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 27);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7940:       // Request to modify e-mail
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 66)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 66)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7941;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7941;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
                 {
                     char email[40];
-                    memcpy (email, RFIFOP (fd, 26), 40);
-                    if (e_mail_check (email) == 0)
+                    strzcpy(email, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 26)), 40);
+                    if (e_mail_check(email) == 0)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid e-mail (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to give an invalid e-mail (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                              account_name, ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        remove_control_chars (email);
-                        i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                        remove_control_chars(email);
+                        i = search_account_index(account_name);
                         if (i != -1)
                         {
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                            memcpy (auth_dat[i].email, email, 40);
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Modification of an email (account: %s, new e-mail: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                            memcpy(auth_dat[i].email, email, 40);
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of an email (account: %s, new e-mail: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  auth_dat[i].userid, email, ip);
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the e-mail of an unknown account (account: %s, received e-mail: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the e-mail of an unknown account (account: %s, received e-mail: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  account_name, email, ip);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 66);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 66);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7942:       // Request to modify memo field
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 28
-                    || RFIFOREST (fd) < (28 + RFIFOW (fd, 26)))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 28
+                    || RFIFOREST(fd) < (28 + RFIFOW(fd, 26)))
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7943;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7943;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                i = search_account_index(account_name);
                 if (i != -1)
                 {
-                    int  size_of_memo = sizeof (auth_dat[i].memo);
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                    memset (auth_dat[i].memo, '\0', size_of_memo);
-                    if (RFIFOW (fd, 26) == 0)
+                    int size_of_memo = sizeof(auth_dat[i].memo);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                    memset(auth_dat[i].memo, '\0', size_of_memo);
+                    if (RFIFOW(fd, 26) == 0)
                     {
-                        strncpy (auth_dat[i].memo, "!", size_of_memo);
+                        strncpy(auth_dat[i].memo, "!", size_of_memo);
                     }
-                    else if (RFIFOW (fd, 26) > size_of_memo - 1)
+                    else if (RFIFOW(fd, 26) > size_of_memo - 1)
                     {
-                        memcpy (auth_dat[i].memo, RFIFOP (fd, 28),
+                        memcpy(auth_dat[i].memo, RFIFOP(fd, 28),
                                 size_of_memo - 1);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        memcpy (auth_dat[i].memo, RFIFOP (fd, 28),
-                                RFIFOW (fd, 26));
+                        memcpy(auth_dat[i].memo, RFIFOP(fd, 28),
+                                RFIFOW(fd, 26));
                     }
                     auth_dat[i].memo[size_of_memo - 1] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (auth_dat[i].memo);
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Modification of a memo field (account: %s, new memo: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    remove_control_chars(auth_dat[i].memo);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Modification of a memo field (account: %s, new memo: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].memo, ip);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the memo field of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to modify the memo field of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          account_name, ip);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 28 + RFIFOW (fd, 26));
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 28 + RFIFOW(fd, 26));
                 break;
 
             case 0x7944:       // Request to found an account id
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 26)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 26)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7945;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7945;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                i = search_account_index(account_name);
                 if (i != -1)
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Request (by the name) of an account id (account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
-                         auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].account_id,
-                         ip);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Request (by the name) of an account id (account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                            auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].account_id,
+                            ip);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': ID request (by the name) of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
-                         account_name, ip);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': ID request (by the name) of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            account_name, ip);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 26);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 26);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7946:       // Request to found an account name
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7947;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                memset (WFIFOP (fd, 6), '\0', 24);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7947;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                memset(WFIFOP(fd, 6), '\0', 24);
                 for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                 {
-                    if (auth_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                    if (auth_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                     {
-                        strncpy ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Request (by id) of an account name (account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
-                             auth_dat[i].userid, RFIFOL (fd, 2), ip);
+                        strncpy((char *)WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Request (by id) of an account name (account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                             auth_dat[i].userid, RFIFOL(fd, 2), ip);
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 if (i == auth_num)
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Name request (by id) of an unknown account (id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
-                         RFIFOL (fd, 2), ip);
-                    strncpy ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 6), "", 24);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Name request (by id) of an unknown account (id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                         RFIFOL(fd, 2), ip);
+                    strncpy((char *)WFIFOP(fd, 6), "", 24);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 30);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 30);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7948:       // Request to change the validity limit (timestamp) (absolute value)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp;
-                    char tmpstr[2048];
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7949;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                    account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    account_name[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                    timestamp = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 26);
-                    strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format, gmtime (&timestamp));
-                    i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7949;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                    strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                    TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 26));
+                    timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr = "unlimited";
+                    if (timestamp)
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                    i = search_account_index(account_name);
                     if (i != -1)
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Change of a validity limit (account: %s, new validity: %ld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
-                             auth_dat[i].userid, timestamp,
-                             (timestamp == 0 ? "unlimited" : tmpstr), ip);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Change of a validity limit (account: %s, new validity: %lld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
+                                auth_dat[i].userid,
+                                timestamp,
+                                tmpstr,
+                                ip);
                         auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = timestamp;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to change the validity limit of an unknown account (account: %s, received validity: %ld (%s), ip: %s)\n", account_name, timestamp,
-                             (timestamp == 0 ? "unlimited" : tmpstr), ip);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to change the validity limit of an unknown account (account: %s, received validity: %lld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
+                                account_name,
+                                timestamp,
+                                tmpstr,
+                                ip);
                     }
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 30) = timestamp;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 30) = static_cast<time_t>(timestamp);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 34);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x794a:       // Request to change the final date of a banishment (timestamp) (absolute value)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 30)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 30)
                     return;
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp;
-                    char tmpstr[2048];
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x794b;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                    account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    account_name[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                    timestamp = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 26);
-                    if (timestamp <= time (NULL))
-                        timestamp = 0;
-                    strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format, gmtime (&timestamp));
-                    i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x794b;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                    strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                    TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 26));
+                    if (timestamp <= TimeT::now())
+                        timestamp = TimeT();
+                    timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr = "no banishment";
+                    if (timestamp)
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                    i = search_account_index(account_name);
                     if (i != -1)
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Change of the final date of a banishment (account: %s, new final date of banishment: %ld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
-                             auth_dat[i].userid, timestamp,
-                             (timestamp == 0 ? "no banishment" : tmpstr), ip);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Change of the final date of a banishment (account: %s, new final date of banishment: %lld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
+                                auth_dat[i].userid, timestamp,
+                                tmpstr,
+                                ip);
                         if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time != timestamp)
                         {
-                            if (timestamp != 0)
+                            if (timestamp)
                             {
                                 unsigned char buf[16];
-                                WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2731;
-                                WBUFL (buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                                WBUFB (buf, 6) = 1; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                                WBUFL (buf, 7) = timestamp; // status or final date of a banishment
-                                charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 11);
+                                WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2731;
+                                WBUFL(buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                                WBUFB(buf, 6) = 1; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                                WBUFL(buf, 7) = static_cast<time_t>(timestamp); // status or final date of a banishment
+                                charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 11);
                                 for (j = 0; j < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; j++)
                                     if (auth_fifo[j].account_id ==
                                         auth_dat[i].account_id)
@@ -3024,82 +2570,71 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to change the final date of a banishment of an unknown account (account: %s, received final date of banishment: %ld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
-                             account_name, timestamp,
-                             (timestamp == 0 ? "no banishment" : tmpstr), ip);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to change the final date of a banishment of an unknown account (account: %s, received final date of banishment: %lld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
+                                account_name, timestamp,
+                                tmpstr,
+                                ip);
                     }
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 30) = timestamp;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 30) = static_cast<time_t>(timestamp);
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 34);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 30);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 30);
                 break;
 
             case 0x794c:       // Request to change the final date of a banishment (timestamp) (relative change)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 38)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 38)
                     return;
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp;
-                    struct tm *tmtime;
-                    char tmpstr[2048];
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x794d;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                    account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    account_name[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                    i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x794d;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                    strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                    i = search_account_index(account_name);
                     if (i != -1)
                     {
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time == 0
-                            || auth_dat[i].ban_until_time < time (NULL))
-                            timestamp = time (NULL);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        TimeT timestamp;
+                        TimeT now = TimeT::now();
+                        if (!auth_dat[i].ban_until_time
+                            || auth_dat[i].ban_until_time < now)
+                            timestamp = now;
                         else
                             timestamp = auth_dat[i].ban_until_time;
-                        tmtime = gmtime (&timestamp);
-                        tmtime->tm_year =
-                            tmtime->tm_year + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 26);
-                        tmtime->tm_mon =
-                            tmtime->tm_mon + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 28);
-                        tmtime->tm_mday =
-                            tmtime->tm_mday + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 30);
-                        tmtime->tm_hour =
-                            tmtime->tm_hour + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 32);
-                        tmtime->tm_min =
-                            tmtime->tm_min + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 34);
-                        tmtime->tm_sec =
-                            tmtime->tm_sec + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 36);
-                        timestamp = mktime (tmtime);
-                        if (timestamp != -1)
+                        struct tm tmtime = timestamp;
+                        tmtime.tm_year += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 26);
+                        tmtime.tm_mon += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 28);
+                        tmtime.tm_mday += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 30);
+                        tmtime.tm_hour += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 32);
+                        tmtime.tm_min += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 34);
+                        tmtime.tm_sec += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 36);
+                        timestamp = tmtime;
+                        if (timestamp.okay())
                         {
-                            if (timestamp <= time (NULL))
-                                timestamp = 0;
-                            strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                      gmtime (&timestamp));
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Adjustment of a final date of a banishment (account: %s, (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> new validity: %ld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
-                                 auth_dat[i].userid,
-                                 (short) RFIFOW (fd, 26), (short) RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          28),
-                                 (short) RFIFOW (fd, 30), (short) RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          32),
-                                 (short) RFIFOW (fd, 34), (short) RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          36),
-                                 timestamp,
-                                 (timestamp == 0 ? "no banishment" : tmpstr),
-                                 ip);
+                            if (timestamp <= now)
+                                timestamp = TimeT();
+                            timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr = "no banishment";
+                            if (timestamp)
+                                stamp_time(tmpstr, &timestamp);
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Adjustment of a final date of a banishment (account: %s, (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> new validity: %lld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
+                                    auth_dat[i].userid,
+                                    (short) RFIFOW(fd, 26), (short) RFIFOW(fd, 28),
+                                    (short) RFIFOW(fd, 30), (short) RFIFOW(fd, 32),
+                                    (short) RFIFOW(fd, 34), (short) RFIFOW(fd, 36),
+                                    timestamp,
+                                    tmpstr,
+                                    ip);
                             if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time != timestamp)
                             {
-                                if (timestamp != 0)
+                                if (timestamp)
                                 {
                                     unsigned char buf[16];
-                                    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2731;
-                                    WBUFL (buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                                    WBUFB (buf, 6) = 1; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                                    WBUFL (buf, 7) = timestamp; // status or final date of a banishment
-                                    charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 11);
+                                    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2731;
+                                    WBUFL(buf, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                                    WBUFB(buf, 6) = 1; // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                                    WBUFL(buf, 7) = static_cast<time_t>(timestamp); // status or final date of a banishment
+                                    charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 11);
                                     for (j = 0; j < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; j++)
                                         if (auth_fifo[j].account_id ==
                                             auth_dat[i].account_id)
@@ -3110,48 +2645,41 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                      gmtime (&auth_dat[i].ban_until_time));
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Impossible to adjust the final date of a banishment (account: %s, %ld (%s) + (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> ???, ip: %s)\n",
-                                 auth_dat[i].userid,
-                                 auth_dat[i].ban_until_time,
-                                 (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time ==
-                                  0 ? "no banishment" : tmpstr),
-                                 (short) RFIFOW (fd, 26), (short) RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          28),
-                                 (short) RFIFOW (fd, 30), (short) RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          32),
-                                 (short) RFIFOW (fd, 34), (short) RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          36),
-                                 ip);
+                            timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr = "no banishment";
+                            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time)
+                                stamp_time(tmpstr, &auth_dat[i].ban_until_time);
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Impossible to adjust the final date of a banishment (account: %s, %lld (%s) + (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> ???, ip: %s)\n",
+                                    auth_dat[i].userid,
+                                    auth_dat[i].ban_until_time,
+                                    tmpstr,
+                                    (short) RFIFOW(fd, 26), (short) RFIFOW(fd, 28),
+                                    (short) RFIFOW(fd, 30), (short) RFIFOW(fd, 32),
+                                    (short) RFIFOW(fd, 34), (short) RFIFOW(fd, 36),
+                                    ip);
                         }
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 30) =
-                            (unsigned long) auth_dat[i].ban_until_time;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 30) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[i].ban_until_time);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to adjust the final date of a banishment of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
-                             account_name, ip);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 30) = 0;
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to adjust the final date of a banishment of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                                account_name, ip);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 30) = 0;
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 34);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 38);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 38);
                 break;
 
             case 0x794e:       // Request to send a broadcast message
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 8
-                    || RFIFOREST (fd) < (8 + RFIFOL (fd, 4)))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 8
+                    || RFIFOREST(fd) < (8 + RFIFOL(fd, 4)))
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x794f;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = -1;
-                if (RFIFOL (fd, 4) < 1)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x794f;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = -1;
+                if (RFIFOL(fd, 4) < 1)
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast, but message is void (ip: %s)\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast, but message is void (ip: %s)\n",
                          ip);
                 }
                 else
@@ -3162,309 +2690,276 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
                             break;
                     if (i == MAX_SERVERS)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast, but no char-server is online (ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast, but no char-server is online (ip: %s)\n",
                              ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         uint8_t buf[32000];
                         char message[32000];
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 0;
-                        memset (message, '\0', sizeof (message));
-                        memcpy (message, RFIFOP (fd, 8), RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-                        message[sizeof (message) - 1] = '\0';
-                        remove_control_chars (message);
-                        if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 0)
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in yellow): %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 0;
+                        memset(message, '\0', sizeof(message));
+                        memcpy(message, RFIFOP(fd, 8), RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+                        message[sizeof(message) - 1] = '\0';
+                        remove_control_chars(message);
+                        if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 0)
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in yellow): %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  message, ip);
                         else
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in blue): %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Receiving a message for broadcast (message (in blue): %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  message, ip);
                         // send same message to all char-servers (no answer)
-                        memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 0), RFIFOP (fd, 0),
-                                8 + RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-                        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x2726;
-                        charif_sendallwos (-1, buf, 8 + RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+                        memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 0), RFIFOP(fd, 0),
+                                8 + RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+                        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x2726;
+                        charif_sendallwos(-1, buf, 8 + RFIFOL(fd, 4));
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 4);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 8 + RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 4);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 8 + RFIFOL(fd, 4));
                 break;
 
             case 0x7950:       // Request to change the validity limite (timestamp) (relative change)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 38)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 38)
                     return;
                 {
-                    time_t timestamp;
-                    struct tm *tmtime;
-                    char tmpstr[2048];
-                    char tmpstr2[2048];
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7951;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                    account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    account_name[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                    i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7951;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                    strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                    i = search_account_index(account_name);
                     if (i != -1)
                     {
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        timestamp = auth_dat[i].connect_until_time;
-                        if (add_to_unlimited_account == 0 && timestamp == 0)
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        if (add_to_unlimited_account == 0 && !auth_dat[i].connect_until_time)
                         {
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin': Attempt to adjust the validity limit of an unlimited account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to adjust the validity limit of an unlimited account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  auth_dat[i].userid, ip);
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 30) = 0;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 30) = 0;
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            if (timestamp == 0 || timestamp < time (NULL))
-                                timestamp = time (NULL);
-                            tmtime = gmtime (&timestamp);
-                            tmtime->tm_year =
-                                tmtime->tm_year + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 26);
-                            tmtime->tm_mon =
-                                tmtime->tm_mon + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 28);
-                            tmtime->tm_mday =
-                                tmtime->tm_mday + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 30);
-                            tmtime->tm_hour =
-                                tmtime->tm_hour + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 32);
-                            tmtime->tm_min =
-                                tmtime->tm_min + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 34);
-                            tmtime->tm_sec =
-                                tmtime->tm_sec + (short) RFIFOW (fd, 36);
-                            timestamp = mktime (tmtime);
-                            if (timestamp != -1)
+                            TimeT now = TimeT::now();
+                            TimeT timestamp;
+                            if (!timestamp || timestamp < now)
+                                timestamp = now;
+                            struct tm tmtime = timestamp;
+                            tmtime.tm_year += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 26);
+                            tmtime.tm_mon += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 28);
+                            tmtime.tm_mday += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 30);
+                            tmtime.tm_hour += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 32);
+                            tmtime.tm_min += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 34);
+                            tmtime.tm_sec += (short) RFIFOW(fd, 36);
+                            timestamp = tmtime;
+                            if (timestamp.okay())
                             {
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                          gmtime (&auth_dat
-                                                  [i].connect_until_time));
-                                strftime (tmpstr2, 24, date_format,
-                                          gmtime (&timestamp));
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Adjustment of a validity limit (account: %s, %ld (%s) + (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> new validity: %ld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
-                                     auth_dat[i].userid,
-                                     auth_dat[i].connect_until_time,
-                                     (auth_dat[i].connect_until_time ==
-                                      0 ? "unlimited" : tmpstr),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 26),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 28),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 30),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 32),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 34),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 36), timestamp,
-                                     (timestamp == 0 ? "unlimited" : tmpstr2),
-                                     ip);
+                                timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr = "unlimited";
+                                timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr2 = "unlimited";
+                                if (auth_dat[i].connect_until_time)
+                                    stamp_time(tmpstr, &auth_dat[i].connect_until_time);
+                                if (timestamp)
+                                    stamp_time(tmpstr2, &timestamp);
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Adjustment of a validity limit (account: %s, %lld (%s) + (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> new validity: %lld (%s), ip: %s)\n",
+                                        auth_dat[i].userid,
+                                        auth_dat[i].connect_until_time,
+                                        tmpstr,
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 26),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 28),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 30),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 32),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 34),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 36),
+                                        timestamp,
+                                        tmpstr2,
+                                        ip);
                                 auth_dat[i].connect_until_time = timestamp;
-                                WFIFOL (fd, 30) =
-                                    (unsigned long)
-                                    auth_dat[i].connect_until_time;
+                                WFIFOL(fd, 30) = static_cast<time_t>(timestamp);
                             }
                             else
                             {
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 24, date_format,
-                                          gmtime (&auth_dat
-                                                  [i].connect_until_time));
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin': Impossible to adjust a validity limit (account: %s, %ld (%s) + (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> ???, ip: %s)\n",
-                                     auth_dat[i].userid,
-                                     auth_dat[i].connect_until_time,
-                                     (auth_dat[i].connect_until_time ==
-                                      0 ? "unlimited" : tmpstr),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 26),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 28),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 30),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 32),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 34),
-                                     (short) RFIFOW (fd, 36), ip);
-                                WFIFOL (fd, 30) = 0;
+                                timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr = "unlimited";
+                                if (auth_dat[i].connect_until_time)
+                                    stamp_time(tmpstr, &auth_dat[i].connect_until_time);
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Impossible to adjust a validity limit (account: %s, %lld (%s) + (%+d y %+d m %+d d %+d h %+d mn %+d s) -> ???, ip: %s)\n",
+                                        auth_dat[i].userid,
+                                        auth_dat[i].connect_until_time,
+                                        tmpstr,
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 26),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 28),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 30),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 32),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 34),
+                                        (short) RFIFOW(fd, 36),
+                                        ip);
+                                WFIFOL(fd, 30) = 0;
                             }
                         }
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), account_name, 24);
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Attempt to adjust the validity limit of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), account_name, 24);
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to adjust the validity limit of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                              account_name, ip);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 30) = 0;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 30) = 0;
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 34);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 38);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 34);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 38);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7952:       // Request about informations of an account (by account name)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 26)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 26)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7953;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = -1;
-                account_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                account_name[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account_name);
-                i = search_account_index (account_name);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7953;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = -1;
+                strzcpy(account_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account_name);
+                i = search_account_index(account_name);
                 if (i != -1)
                 {
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 6) =
-                        (unsigned char) isGM (auth_dat[i].account_id);
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 7), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 31) = auth_dat[i].sex;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 32) = auth_dat[i].logincount;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 36) = auth_dat[i].state;
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 40), auth_dat[i].error_message, 20);
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 60), auth_dat[i].lastlogin, 24);
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 84), auth_dat[i].last_ip, 16);
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 100), auth_dat[i].email, 40);
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 140) =
-                        (unsigned long) auth_dat[i].connect_until_time;
-                    WFIFOL (fd, 144) =
-                        (unsigned long) auth_dat[i].ban_until_time;
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 148) = strlen (auth_dat[i].memo);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 6) =
+                        (unsigned char) isGM(auth_dat[i].account_id);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 7), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 31) = auth_dat[i].sex;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 32) = auth_dat[i].logincount;
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 36) = auth_dat[i].state;
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 40), auth_dat[i].error_message, 20);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 60), auth_dat[i].lastlogin, 24);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 84), auth_dat[i].last_ip, 16);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 100), auth_dat[i].email, 40);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 140) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[i].connect_until_time);
+                    WFIFOL(fd, 144) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[i].ban_until_time);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 148) = strlen(auth_dat[i].memo);
                     if (auth_dat[i].memo[0])
                     {
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 150), auth_dat[i].memo,
-                                strlen (auth_dat[i].memo));
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 150), auth_dat[i].memo,
+                                strlen(auth_dat[i].memo));
                     }
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Sending information of an account (request by the name; account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Sending information of an account (request by the name; account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
                          auth_dat[i].userid, auth_dat[i].account_id,
                          ip);
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 150 + strlen (auth_dat[i].memo));
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 150 + strlen(auth_dat[i].memo));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 7), account_name, 24);
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 148) = 0;
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to obtain information (by the name) of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 7), account_name, 24);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 148) = 0;
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to obtain information (by the name) of an unknown account (account: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                          account_name, ip);
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 150);
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 150);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 26);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 26);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7954:       // Request about information of an account (by account id)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 6)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 6)
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7953;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-                memset (WFIFOP (fd, 7), '\0', 24);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7953;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+                memset(WFIFOP(fd, 7), '\0', 24);
                 for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                 {
-                    if (auth_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL (fd, 2))
+                    if (auth_dat[i].account_id == RFIFOL(fd, 2))
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("'ladmin': Sending information of an account (request by the id; account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
-                             auth_dat[i].userid, RFIFOL (fd, 2), ip);
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 6) =
-                            (unsigned char) isGM (auth_dat[i].account_id);
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 7), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 31) = auth_dat[i].sex;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 32) = auth_dat[i].logincount;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 36) = auth_dat[i].state;
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 40), auth_dat[i].error_message,
+                        LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Sending information of an account (request by the id; account: %s, id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                             auth_dat[i].userid, RFIFOL(fd, 2), ip);
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 6) =
+                            (unsigned char) isGM(auth_dat[i].account_id);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 7), auth_dat[i].userid, 24);
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 31) = auth_dat[i].sex;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 32) = auth_dat[i].logincount;
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 36) = auth_dat[i].state;
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 40), auth_dat[i].error_message,
                                 20);
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 60), auth_dat[i].lastlogin, 24);
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 84), auth_dat[i].last_ip, 16);
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 100), auth_dat[i].email, 40);
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 140) =
-                            (unsigned long) auth_dat[i].connect_until_time;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 144) =
-                            (unsigned long) auth_dat[i].ban_until_time;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 148) = strlen (auth_dat[i].memo);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 60), auth_dat[i].lastlogin, 24);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 84), auth_dat[i].last_ip, 16);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 100), auth_dat[i].email, 40);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 140) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[i].connect_until_time);
+                        WFIFOL(fd, 144) = static_cast<time_t>(auth_dat[i].ban_until_time);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 148) = strlen(auth_dat[i].memo);
                         if (auth_dat[i].memo[0])
                         {
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 150), auth_dat[i].memo,
-                                    strlen (auth_dat[i].memo));
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 150), auth_dat[i].memo,
+                                    strlen(auth_dat[i].memo));
                         }
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 150 + strlen (auth_dat[i].memo));
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 150 + strlen(auth_dat[i].memo));
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 if (i == auth_num)
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Attempt to obtain information (by the id) of an unknown account (id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
-                         RFIFOL (fd, 2), ip);
-                    strncpy ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 7), "", 24);
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 148) = 0;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 150);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Attempt to obtain information (by the id) of an unknown account (id: %d, ip: %s)\n",
+                         RFIFOL(fd, 2), ip);
+                    strncpy((char *)WFIFOP(fd, 7), "", 24);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 148) = 0;
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 150);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 6);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 6);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7955:       // Request to reload GM file (no answer)
-                login_log
-                    ("'ladmin': Request to re-load GM configuration file (ip: %s).\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Request to re-load GM configuration file (ip: %s).\n",
                      ip);
-                read_gm_account ();
+                read_gm_account();
                 // send GM accounts to all char-servers
-                send_GM_accounts ();
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                send_GM_accounts();
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
 
             default:
             {
                 FILE *logfp;
-                char tmpstr[24];
-                struct timeval tv;
-                logfp = fopen_ (login_log_unknown_packets_filename, "a");
+                logfp = fopen_(login_log_unknown_packets_filename, "a");
                 if (logfp)
                 {
-                    gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-                    strftime (tmpstr, 23, date_format, gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-                    fprintf (logfp,
-                             "%s.%03d: receiving of an unknown packet -> disconnection\n",
-                             tmpstr, (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000);
-                    fprintf (logfp,
-                             "parse_admin: connection #%d (ip: %s), packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d).\n",
-                             fd, ip, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd));
-                    fprintf (logfp, "Detail (in hex):\n");
-                    fprintf (logfp,
+                    timestamp_milliseconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                    FPRINTF(logfp,
+                             "%s: receiving of an unknown packet -> disconnection\n",
+                             tmpstr);
+                    FPRINTF(logfp,
+                             "parse_admin: connection #%d (ip: %s), packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu).\n",
+                             fd, ip, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
+                    FPRINTF(logfp, "Detail (in hex):\n");
+                    FPRINTF(logfp,
                              "---- 00-01-02-03-04-05-06-07  08-09-0A-0B-0C-0D-0E-0F\n");
-                    memset (tmpstr, '\0', sizeof (tmpstr));
-                    for (i = 0; i < RFIFOREST (fd); i++)
+                    memset(tmpstr, '\0', sizeof(tmpstr));
+                    for (i = 0; i < RFIFOREST(fd); i++)
                     {
                         if ((i & 15) == 0)
-                            fprintf (logfp, "%04X ", i);
-                        fprintf (logfp, "%02x ", RFIFOB (fd, i));
-                        if (RFIFOB (fd, i) > 0x1f)
-                            tmpstr[i % 16] = RFIFOB (fd, i);
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, "%04X ", i);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp, "%02x ", RFIFOB (fd, i));
+                        if (RFIFOB(fd, i) > 0x1f)
+                            tmpstr[i % 16] = RFIFOB(fd, i);
                         else
                             tmpstr[i % 16] = '.';
                         if ((i - 7) % 16 == 0)  // -8 + 1
-                            fprintf (logfp, " ");
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, " ");
                         else if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
                         {
-                            fprintf (logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
-                            memset (tmpstr, '\0', sizeof (tmpstr));
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
+                            memset(tmpstr, '\0', sizeof(tmpstr));
                         }
                     }
                     if (i % 16 != 0)
                     {
                         for (j = i; j % 16 != 0; j++)
                         {
-                            fprintf (logfp, "   ");
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, "   ");
                             if ((j - 7) % 16 == 0)  // -8 + 1
-                                fprintf (logfp, " ");
+                                FPRINTF(logfp, " ");
                         }
-                        fprintf (logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
                     }
-                    fprintf (logfp, "\n");
-                    fclose_ (logfp);
+                    FPRINTF(logfp, "\n");
+                    fclose_(logfp);
                 }
             }
-                login_log
-                    ("'ladmin': End of connection, unknown packet (ip: %s)\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': End of connection, unknown packet (ip: %s)\n",
                      ip);
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
-                printf
-                    ("Remote administration has been disconnected (unknown packet).\n");
+                PRINTF("Remote administration has been disconnected (unknown packet).\n");
                 return;
         }
         //WFIFOW(fd,0) = 0x791f;
@@ -3478,12 +2973,12 @@ void parse_admin (int fd)
 //--------------------------------------------
 // TODO fix to not take a ptr-to-uint8_t
 static
-int lan_ip_check (unsigned char *p)
+int lan_ip_check(unsigned char *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  lancheck = 1;
+    int i;
+    int lancheck = 1;
 
-//  printf("lan_ip_check: to compare: %d.%d.%d.%d, network: %d.%d.%d.%d/%d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+//  PRINTF("lan_ip_check: to compare: %d.%d.%d.%d, network: %d.%d.%d.%d/%d.%d.%d.%d\n",
 //         p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3],
 //         subneti[0], subneti[1], subneti[2], subneti[3],
 //         subnetmaski[0], subnetmaski[1], subnetmaski[2], subnetmaski[3]);
@@ -3495,7 +2990,7 @@ int lan_ip_check (unsigned char *p)
             break;
         }
     }
-    printf ("LAN test (result): %s source\033[0m.\n",
+    PRINTF("LAN test (result): %s source\033[0m.\n",
             (lancheck) ? "\033[1;36mLAN" : "\033[1;32mWAN");
     return lancheck;
 }
@@ -3504,131 +2999,112 @@ int lan_ip_check (unsigned char *p)
 // Default packet parsing (normal players or administation/char-server connexion requests)
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static
-void parse_login (int fd)
+void parse_login(int fd)
 {
     struct mmo_account account;
-    int  result, j;
+    int result, j;
     unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *) &session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr;
-    int  host_len;
+    int host_len;
 
     const char *ip = ip2str(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr);
 
     if (session[fd]->eof)
     {
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
         if (display_parse_login == 1)
         {
-            if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64 || RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x01dd)
+            if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x64 || RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x01dd)
             {
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) >= ((RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 55 : 47))
-                    printf
-                        ("parse_login: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d), account: %s.\n",
-                         fd, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd), RFIFOP (fd, 6));
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) >= ((RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 55 : 47))
+                    PRINTF("parse_login: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu), account: %s.\n",
+                         fd, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd),
+                         static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)));
             }
-            else if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x2710)
+            else if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x2710)
             {
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 86)
-                    printf
-                        ("parse_login: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d), server: %s.\n",
-                         fd, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd), RFIFOP (fd, 60));
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 86)
+                    PRINTF("parse_login: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu), server: %s.\n",
+                         fd, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd),
+                         static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 60)));
             }
             else
-                printf
-                    ("parse_login: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d).\n",
-                     fd, RFIFOW (fd, 0), RFIFOREST (fd));
+                PRINTF("parse_login: connection #%d, packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu).\n",
+                     fd, RFIFOW(fd, 0), RFIFOREST(fd));
         }
 
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 0))
+        switch (RFIFOW(fd, 0))
         {
             case 0x200:        // New alive packet: structure: 0x200 <account.userid>.24B. used to verify if client is always alive.
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 26)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 26)
                     return;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 26);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 26);
                 break;
 
             case 0x204:        // New alive packet: structure: 0x204 <encrypted.account.userid>.16B. (new ragexe from 22 june 2004)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 18)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 18)
                     return;
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 18);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 18);
                 break;
 
             case 0x64:         // Ask connection of a client
-            case 0x01dd:       // Ask connection of a client (encryption mode)
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < ((RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 55 : 47))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 55)
                     return;
 
-                account.userid = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6);
-                account.userid[23] = '\0';
-                remove_control_chars (account.userid);
-                account.passwd = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 30);
-                if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64)
-                {
-                    account.passwd[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account.passwd);
-                }
-#ifdef PASSWORDENC
-                account.passwdenc =
-                    (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 0 : PASSWORDENC;
-#else
+                strzcpy(account.userid, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 6)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account.userid);
+                strzcpy(account.passwd, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 30)), 24);
+                remove_control_chars(account.passwd);
                 account.passwdenc = 0;
-#endif
 
-                if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64)
-                {
-                    login_log
-                        ("Request for connection (non encryption mode) of %s (ip: %s).\n",
-                         account.userid, ip);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    login_log
-                        ("Request for connection (encryption mode) of %s (ip: %s).\n",
-                         account.userid, ip);
-                }
+                LOGIN_LOG("Request for connection (non encryption mode) of %s (ip: %s).\n",
+                    account.userid, ip);
 
-                if (!check_ip (session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr))
+                if (!check_ip(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr))
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("Connection refused: IP isn't authorised (deny/allow, ip: %s).\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("Connection refused: IP isn't authorised (deny/allow, ip: %s).\n",
                          ip);
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6a;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0x03;
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                    RFIFOSKIP (fd, (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 55 : 47);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6a;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0x03;
+                    memset(WFIFOP(fd, 3), '\0', 20);
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 23);
+                    RFIFOSKIP(fd, 55);
                     break;
                 }
 
-                result = mmo_auth (&account, fd);
+                result = mmo_auth(&account, fd);
+                if (result == -1)
+                {
+                    VERSION_2 version_2 = static_cast<VERSION_2>(RFIFOB(fd, 54));
+                    if (!bool(version_2 & VERSION_2::UPDATEHOST)
+                        || !bool(version_2 & VERSION_2::SERVERORDER))
+                        result = 5; // client too old
+                }
                 if (result == -1)
                 {
-                    int  gm_level = isGM (account.account_id);
+                    int gm_level = isGM(account.account_id);
                     if (min_level_to_connect > gm_level)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Connection refused: the minimum GM level for connection is %d (account: %s, GM level: %d, ip: %s).\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Connection refused: the minimum GM level for connection is %d (account: %s, GM level: %d, ip: %s).\n",
                              min_level_to_connect, account.userid,
                              gm_level, ip);
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x81;
-                        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = 1; // 01 = Server closed
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x81;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1; // 01 = Server closed
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        int  version_2 = RFIFOB (fd, 54);   // version 2
+                        // int version_2 = RFIFOB(fd, 54);   // version 2
 
                         if (gm_level)
-                            printf
-                                ("Connection of the GM (level:%d) account '%s' accepted.\n",
+                            PRINTF("Connection of the GM (level:%d) account '%s' accepted.\n",
                                  gm_level, account.userid);
                         else
-                            printf
-                                ("Connection of the account '%s' accepted.\n",
+                            PRINTF("Connection of the account '%s' accepted.\n",
                                  account.userid);
 
                         /*
@@ -3639,85 +3115,60 @@ void parse_login (int fd)
                          * from the incoming 0x64 packet (the byte at offset 54).  If bit 0 of this is set,
                          * then the client can safely accept the 0x63 packet.  The "version 2" value is not
                          * otherwise used by eAthena.
+                         *
+                         * All supported clients now send both, so the check is removed.
                          */
-                        if ((RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64)
-                            && (version_2 & VERSION_2_UPDATEHOST))
+                        // if (version_2 & VERSION_2_UPDATEHOST)
                         {
-                            host_len = (int) strlen (update_host);
+                            host_len = (int) strlen(update_host);
                             if (host_len > 0)
                             {
-                                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x63;
-                                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 4 + host_len;
-                                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4), update_host,
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x63;
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + host_len;
+                                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4), update_host,
                                         host_len);
-                                WFIFOSET (fd, 4 + host_len);
+                                WFIFOSET(fd, 4 + host_len);
                             }
                         }
 
                         // Load list of char servers into outbound packet
                         server_num = 0;
-                        if (version_2 & VERSION_2_SERVERORDER)
-                            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
-                            {
-                                if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
-                                {
-                                    if (lan_ip_check (p))
-                                        WFIFOL (fd, 47 + server_num * 32) =
-                                            inet_addr (lan_char_ip);
-                                    else
-                                        WFIFOL (fd, 47 + server_num * 32) =
-                                            server[i].ip;
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 4) =
-                                        server[i].port;
-                                    memcpy (WFIFOP
-                                            (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 6),
-                                            server[i].name, 20);
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 26) =
-                                        server[i].users;
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 28) =
-                                        server[i].maintenance;
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 30) =
-                                        server[i].is_new;
-                                    server_num++;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        else    // Send them in reverse, as the client defaults to the second (!) one
-                            for (int i = MAX_SERVERS - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+                        // if (version_2 & VERSION_2_SERVERORDER)
+                        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
+                        {
+                            if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
                             {
-                                if (server_fd[i] >= 0)
-                                {
-                                    if (lan_ip_check (p))
-                                        WFIFOL (fd, 47 + server_num * 32) =
-                                            inet_addr (lan_char_ip);
-                                    else
-                                        WFIFOL (fd, 47 + server_num * 32) =
-                                            server[i].ip;
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 4) =
-                                        server[i].port;
-                                    memcpy (WFIFOP
-                                            (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 6),
-                                            server[i].name, 20);
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 26) =
-                                        server[i].users;
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 28) =
-                                        server[i].maintenance;
-                                    WFIFOW (fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 30) =
-                                        server[i].is_new;
-                                    server_num++;
-                                }
+                                if (lan_ip_check(p))
+                                    WFIFOL(fd, 47 + server_num * 32) =
+                                        inet_addr(lan_char_ip);
+                                else
+                                    WFIFOL(fd, 47 + server_num * 32) =
+                                        server[i].ip;
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 4) =
+                                    server[i].port;
+                                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 6),
+                                        server[i].name, 20);
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 26) =
+                                    server[i].users;
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 28) =
+                                    server[i].maintenance;
+                                WFIFOW(fd, 47 + server_num * 32 + 30) =
+                                    server[i].is_new;
+                                server_num++;
                             }
+                        }
                         // if at least 1 char-server
                         if (server_num > 0)
                         {
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x69;
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 47 + 32 * server_num;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = account.login_id1;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 8) = account.account_id;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 12) = account.login_id2;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 16) = 0;    // in old version, that was for ip (not more used)
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 20), account.lastlogin, 24);    // in old version, that was for name (not more used)
-                            WFIFOB (fd, 46) = account.sex;
-                            WFIFOSET (fd, 47 + 32 * server_num);
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x69;
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 47 + 32 * server_num;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = account.login_id1;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 8) = account.account_id;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 12) = account.login_id2;
+                            WFIFOL(fd, 16) = 0;    // in old version, that was for ip (not more used)
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 20), account.lastlogin, 24);    // in old version, that was for name (not more used)
+                            WFIFOB(fd, 46) = account.sex;
+                            WFIFOSET(fd, 47 + 32 * server_num);
                             if (auth_fifo_pos >= AUTH_FIFO_SIZE)
                                 auth_fifo_pos = 0;
                             auth_fifo[auth_fifo_pos].account_id =
@@ -3735,44 +3186,42 @@ void parse_login (int fd)
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            login_log
-                                ("Connection refused: there is no char-server online (account: %s, ip: %s).\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("Connection refused: there is no char-server online (account: %s, ip: %s).\n",
                                  account.userid, ip);
-                            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x81;
-                            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = 1; // 01 = Server closed
-                            WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x81;
+                            WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1; // 01 = Server closed
+                            WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    memset (WFIFOP (fd, 0), '\0', 23);
-                    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x6a;
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = result;
+                    memset(WFIFOP(fd, 0), '\0', 23);
+                    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x6a;
+                    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = result;
                     if (result == 6)
-                    {           // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
-                        int i = search_account_index (account.userid);
+                    {
+                        // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
+                        int i = search_account_index(account.userid);
                         if (i != -1)
                         {
-                            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time != 0)
-                            {   // if account is banned, we send ban timestamp
-                                char tmpstr[256];
-                                strftime (tmpstr, 20, date_format,
-                                          gmtime (&auth_dat
-                                                  [i].ban_until_time));
-                                tmpstr[19] = '\0';
-                                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 3), tmpstr, 20);
+                            if (auth_dat[i].ban_until_time)
+                            {
+                                // if account is banned, we send ban timestamp
+                                timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                                stamp_time(tmpstr, &auth_dat[i].ban_until_time);
+                                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 3), tmpstr, 20);
                             }
                             else
                             {   // we send error message
-                                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 3),
+                                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 3),
                                         auth_dat[i].error_message, 20);
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, 23);
+                    WFIFOSET(fd, 23);
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 55 : 47);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, (RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x64) ? 55 : 47);
                 break;
 
             case 0x01db:       // Sending request of the coding key
@@ -3781,79 +3230,73 @@ void parse_login (int fd)
                 struct login_session_data *ld;
                 if (session[fd]->session_data)
                 {
-                    printf
-                        ("login: abnormal request of MD5 key (already opened session).\n");
+                    PRINTF("login: abnormal request of MD5 key (already opened session).\n");
                     session[fd]->eof = 1;
                     return;
                 }
-                CREATE (ld, struct login_session_data, 1);
+                CREATE(ld, struct login_session_data, 1);
                 session[fd]->session_data = ld;
                 if (!ld)
                 {
-                    printf
-                        ("login: Request for md5 key: memory allocation failure (malloc)!\n");
+                    PRINTF("login: Request for md5 key: memory allocation failure (malloc)!\n");
                     session[fd]->eof = 1;
                     return;
                 }
-                if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x01db)
+                if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x01db)
                 {
-                    login_log ("Sending request of the coding key (ip: %s)\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("Sending request of the coding key (ip: %s)\n",
                                ip);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin': Sending request of the coding key (ip: %s)\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin': Sending request of the coding key (ip: %s)\n",
                          ip);
                 }
+                // TODO fix or get rid of this
                 // Creation of the coding key
-                memset (ld->md5key, '\0', sizeof (ld->md5key));
-                ld->md5keylen = rand () % 4 + 12;
+                memset(ld->md5key, '\0', sizeof(ld->md5key));
+                ld->md5keylen = random_::in(12, 15);
                 for (int i = 0; i < ld->md5keylen; i++)
-                    ld->md5key[i] = rand () % 255 + 1;
+                    ld->md5key[i] = random_::in(1, 255);
 
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x01dc;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 4 + ld->md5keylen;
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4), ld->md5key, ld->md5keylen);
-                WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x01dc;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + ld->md5keylen;
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4), ld->md5key, ld->md5keylen);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
             }
                 break;
 
             case 0x2710:       // Connection request of a char-server
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 86)
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 86)
                     return;
                 {
-                    int  GM_value, len;
-                    char *server_name;
-                    account.userid = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);
-                    account.userid[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account.userid);
-                    account.passwd = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 26);
-                    account.passwd[23] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (account.passwd);
+                    int GM_value, len;
+                    char server_name[20];
+                    strzcpy(account.userid, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account.userid);
+                    strzcpy(account.passwd, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 26)), 24);
+                    remove_control_chars(account.passwd);
                     account.passwdenc = 0;
-                    server_name = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 60);
-                    server_name[19] = '\0';
-                    remove_control_chars (server_name);
-                    login_log
-                        ("Connection request of the char-server '%s' @ %d.%d.%d.%d:%d (ip: %s)\n",
-                         server_name, RFIFOB (fd, 54), RFIFOB (fd, 55),
-                         RFIFOB (fd, 56), RFIFOB (fd, 57), RFIFOW (fd, 58),
+                    strzcpy(server_name, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 60)), 20);
+                    remove_control_chars(server_name);
+                    LOGIN_LOG("Connection request of the char-server '%s' @ %d.%d.%d.%d:%d (ip: %s)\n",
+                         server_name, RFIFOB(fd, 54), RFIFOB(fd, 55),
+                         RFIFOB(fd, 56), RFIFOB(fd, 57), RFIFOW(fd, 58),
                          ip);
-                    result = mmo_auth (&account, fd);
+                    result = mmo_auth(&account, fd);
 
                     if (result == -1 && account.sex == 2)
                     {
                         // If this is the main server, and we don't already have a main server
                         if (server_fd[0] <= 0
-                            && strcasecmp (server_name, main_server) == 0)
+                            && strcasecmp(server_name, main_server) == 0)
                         {
                             account.account_id = 0;
                         }
                         else
                         {
-                            int  i;
+                            int i;
                             for (i = 1; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
                             {
                                 if (server_fd[i] <= 0)
@@ -3869,227 +3312,209 @@ void parse_login (int fd)
                         && account.account_id < MAX_SERVERS
                         && server_fd[account.account_id] == -1)
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Connection of the char-server '%s' accepted (account: %s, pass: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Connection of the char-server '%s' accepted (account: %s, pass: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                              server_name, account.userid,
                              account.passwd, ip);
-                        printf
-                            ("Connection of the char-server '%s' accepted.\n",
+                        PRINTF("Connection of the char-server '%s' accepted.\n",
                              server_name);
-                        memset (&server[account.account_id], 0,
-                                sizeof (struct mmo_char_server));
-                        server[account.account_id].ip = RFIFOL (fd, 54);
-                        server[account.account_id].port = RFIFOW (fd, 58);
-                        memcpy (server[account.account_id].name, server_name,
+                        memset(&server[account.account_id], 0,
+                                sizeof(struct mmo_char_server));
+                        server[account.account_id].ip = RFIFOL(fd, 54);
+                        server[account.account_id].port = RFIFOW(fd, 58);
+                        memcpy(server[account.account_id].name, server_name,
                                 20);
                         server[account.account_id].users = 0;
                         server[account.account_id].maintenance =
-                            RFIFOW (fd, 82);
-                        server[account.account_id].is_new = RFIFOW (fd, 84);
+                            RFIFOW(fd, 82);
+                        server[account.account_id].is_new = RFIFOW(fd, 84);
                         server_fd[account.account_id] = fd;
                         if (anti_freeze_enable)
                             server_freezeflag[account.account_id] = 5;  // Char-server anti-freeze system. Counter. 5 ok, 4...0 freezed
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2711;
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2711;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                         session[fd]->func_parse = parse_fromchar;
-                        realloc_fifo (fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK,
+                        realloc_fifo(fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK,
                                       FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
                         // send GM account to char-server
                         len = 4;
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2732;
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2732;
                         for (int i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
                             // send only existing accounts. We can not create a GM account when server is online.
                             if ((GM_value =
-                                 isGM (auth_dat[i].account_id)) > 0)
+                                 isGM(auth_dat[i].account_id)) > 0)
                             {
-                                WFIFOL (fd, len) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
-                                WFIFOB (fd, len + 4) =
+                                WFIFOL(fd, len) = auth_dat[i].account_id;
+                                WFIFOB(fd, len + 4) =
                                     (unsigned char) GM_value;
                                 len += 5;
                             }
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = len;
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len;
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, len);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        login_log
-                            ("Connexion of the char-server '%s' REFUSED (account: %s, pass: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                        LOGIN_LOG("Connexion of the char-server '%s' REFUSED (account: %s, pass: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                              server_name, account.userid,
                              account.passwd, ip);
-                        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2711;
-                        WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 3;
-                        WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
+                        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2711;
+                        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 3;
+                        WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
                     }
                 }
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 86);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 86);
                 return;
 
             case 0x7530:       // Request of the server version
-                login_log ("Sending of the server version (ip: %s)\n",
+                LOGIN_LOG("Sending of the server version (ip: %s)\n",
                            ip);
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7531;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = -1;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 'T';
-                WFIFOB (fd, 4) = 'M';
-                WFIFOB (fd, 5) = 'W';
-                WFIFOL (fd, 6) = new_account_flag ? 1 : 0;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 10);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7531;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = -1;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 3) = 'T';
+                WFIFOB(fd, 4) = 'M';
+                WFIFOB(fd, 5) = 'W';
+                WFIFOL(fd, 6) = new_account_flag ? 1 : 0;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
 
             case 0x7532:       // Request to end connection
-                login_log ("End of connection (ip: %s)\n", ip);
+                LOGIN_LOG("End of connection (ip: %s)\n", ip);
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
                 return;
 
             case 0x7918:       // Request for administation login
-                if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4
-                    || RFIFOREST (fd) < ((RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 0) ? 28 : 20))
+                if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4
+                    || RFIFOREST(fd) < ((RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 0) ? 28 : 20))
                     return;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7919;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 1;
-                if (!check_ladminip
-                    (session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr))
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7919;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1;
+                if (!check_ladminip(session[fd]->client_addr.sin_addr))
                 {
-                    login_log
-                        ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode refused: IP isn't authorised (ladmin_allow, ip: %s).\n",
+                    LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode refused: IP isn't authorised (ladmin_allow, ip: %s).\n",
                          ip);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     struct login_session_data *ld = (struct login_session_data *)session[fd]->session_data;
-                    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 0)
+                    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 0)
                     {           // non encrypted password
-                        char *password;
-                        password = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4);
-                        password[23] = '\0';
-                        remove_control_chars (password);
+                        char password[24];
+                        strzcpy(password, static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4)), 24);
+                        remove_control_chars(password);
                         // If remote administration is enabled and password sent by client matches password read from login server configuration file
                         if ((admin_state == 1)
-                            && (strcmp (password, admin_pass) == 0))
+                            && (strcmp(password, admin_pass) == 0))
                         {
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode accepted (non encrypted password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode accepted (non encrypted password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  password, ip);
-                            printf
-                                ("Connection of a remote administration accepted (non encrypted password).\n");
-                            WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
+                            PRINTF("Connection of a remote administration accepted (non encrypted password).\n");
+                            WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
                             session[fd]->func_parse = parse_admin;
                         }
                         else if (admin_state != 1)
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - remote administration is disabled (non encrypted password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - remote administration is disabled (non encrypted password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  password, ip);
                         else
-                            login_log
-                                ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - invalid password (non encrypted password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
+                            LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - invalid password (non encrypted password: %s, ip: %s)\n",
                                  password, ip);
                     }
                     else
                     {           // encrypted password
                         if (!ld)
-                            printf
-                                ("'ladmin'-login: error! MD5 key not created/requested for an administration login.\n");
+                            PRINTF("'ladmin'-login: error! MD5 key not created/requested for an administration login.\n");
                         else
                         {
                             char md5str[64] = "";
                             uint8_t md5bin[32];
-                            if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 1)
+                            if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 1)
                             {
-                                strncpy (md5str, ld->md5key, sizeof (ld->md5key));  // 20
-                                strcat (md5str, admin_pass);    // 24
+                                strncpy(md5str, ld->md5key, sizeof(ld->md5key));  // 20
+                                strcat(md5str, admin_pass);    // 24
                             }
-                            else if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 2)
+                            else if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 2)
                             {
-                                strncpy (md5str, admin_pass, sizeof (admin_pass));  // 24
-                                strcat (md5str, ld->md5key);    // 20
+                                strncpy(md5str, admin_pass, sizeof(admin_pass));  // 24
+                                strcat(md5str, ld->md5key);    // 20
                             }
                             MD5_to_bin(MD5_from_cstring(md5str), md5bin);
                             // If remote administration is enabled and password hash sent by client matches hash of password read from login server configuration file
                             if ((admin_state == 1)
-                                && (memcmp (md5bin, RFIFOP (fd, 4), 16) == 0))
+                                && (memcmp(md5bin, RFIFOP(fd, 4), 16) == 0))
                             {
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode accepted (encrypted password, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode accepted (encrypted password, ip: %s)\n",
                                      ip);
-                                printf
-                                    ("Connection of a remote administration accepted (encrypted password).\n");
-                                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
+                                PRINTF("Connection of a remote administration accepted (encrypted password).\n");
+                                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
                                 session[fd]->func_parse = parse_admin;
                             }
                             else if (admin_state != 1)
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - remote administration is disabled (encrypted password, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - remote administration is disabled (encrypted password, ip: %s)\n",
                                      ip);
                             else
-                                login_log
-                                    ("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - invalid password (encrypted password, ip: %s)\n",
+                                LOGIN_LOG("'ladmin'-login: Connection in administration mode REFUSED - invalid password (encrypted password, ip: %s)\n",
                                      ip);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 3);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 0) ? 28 : 20);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 3);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 0) ? 28 : 20);
                 break;
 
             default:
                 if (save_unknown_packets)
                 {
                     FILE *logfp;
-                    char tmpstr[24];
-                    struct timeval tv;
-                    logfp = fopen_ (login_log_unknown_packets_filename, "a");
+                    logfp = fopen_(login_log_unknown_packets_filename, "a");
                     if (logfp)
                     {
-                        gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
-                        strftime (tmpstr, 23, date_format,
-                                  gmtime (&(tv.tv_sec)));
-                        fprintf (logfp,
-                                 "%s.%03d: receiving of an unknown packet -> disconnection\n",
-                                 tmpstr, (int) tv.tv_usec / 1000);
-                        fprintf (logfp,
-                                 "parse_login: connection #%d (ip: %s), packet: 0x%x (with being read: %d).\n",
-                                 fd, ip, RFIFOW (fd, 0),
-                                 RFIFOREST (fd));
-                        fprintf (logfp, "Detail (in hex):\n");
-                        fprintf (logfp,
+                        timestamp_milliseconds_buffer tmpstr;
+                        stamp_time(tmpstr);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp,
+                                 "%s: receiving of an unknown packet -> disconnection\n",
+                                 tmpstr);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp,
+                                 "parse_login: connection #%d (ip: %s), packet: 0x%x (with being read: %zu).\n",
+                                 fd, ip, RFIFOW(fd, 0),
+                                 RFIFOREST(fd));
+                        FPRINTF(logfp, "Detail (in hex):\n");
+                        FPRINTF(logfp,
                                  "---- 00-01-02-03-04-05-06-07  08-09-0A-0B-0C-0D-0E-0F\n");
-                        memset (tmpstr, '\0', sizeof (tmpstr));
+                        memset(tmpstr, '\0', sizeof(tmpstr));
 
                         int i;
-                        for (i = 0; i < RFIFOREST (fd); i++)
+                        for (i = 0; i < RFIFOREST(fd); i++)
                         {
                             if ((i & 15) == 0)
-                                fprintf (logfp, "%04X ", i);
-                            fprintf (logfp, "%02x ", RFIFOB (fd, i));
-                            if (RFIFOB (fd, i) > 0x1f)
-                                tmpstr[i % 16] = RFIFOB (fd, i);
+                                FPRINTF(logfp, "%04X ", i);
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, "%02x ", RFIFOB(fd, i));
+                            if (RFIFOB(fd, i) > 0x1f)
+                                tmpstr[i % 16] = RFIFOB(fd, i);
                             else
                                 tmpstr[i % 16] = '.';
                             if ((i - 7) % 16 == 0)  // -8 + 1
-                                fprintf (logfp, " ");
+                                FPRINTF(logfp, " ");
                             else if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)
                             {
-                                fprintf (logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
-                                memset (tmpstr, '\0', sizeof (tmpstr));
+                                FPRINTF(logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
+                                memset(tmpstr, '\0', sizeof(tmpstr));
                             }
                         }
                         if (i % 16 != 0)
                         {
                             for (j = i; j % 16 != 0; j++)
                             {
-                                fprintf (logfp, "   ");
+                                FPRINTF(logfp, "   ");
                                 if ((j - 7) % 16 == 0)  // -8 + 1
-                                    fprintf (logfp, " ");
+                                    FPRINTF(logfp, " ");
                             }
-                            fprintf (logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
+                            FPRINTF(logfp, " %s\n", tmpstr);
                         }
-                        fprintf (logfp, "\n");
-                        fclose_ (logfp);
+                        FPRINTF(logfp, "\n");
+                        fclose_(logfp);
                     }
                 }
-                login_log ("End of connection, unknown packet (ip: %s)\n", ip);
+                LOGIN_LOG("End of connection, unknown packet (ip: %s)\n", ip);
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
                 return;
         }
@@ -4101,51 +3526,44 @@ void parse_login (int fd)
 // Reading Lan Support configuration
 //----------------------------------
 static
-int login_lan_config_read (const char *lancfgName)
+int login_lan_config_read(const char *lancfgName)
 {
-    int  j;
     struct hostent *h = NULL;
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
 
     // set default configuration
-    strncpy (lan_char_ip, "127.0.0.1", sizeof (lan_char_ip));
+    strncpy(lan_char_ip, "127.0.0.1", sizeof(lan_char_ip));
     subneti[0] = 127;
     subneti[1] = 0;
     subneti[2] = 0;
     subneti[3] = 1;
-    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+    for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
         subnetmaski[j] = 255;
 
-    fp = fopen_ (lancfgName, "r");
+    std::ifstream in(lancfgName);
 
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: LAN Support configuration file is not found: %s\n",
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: LAN Support configuration file is not found: %s\n",
              lancfgName);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    printf ("---Start reading Lan Support configuration file\n");
+    PRINTF("---Start reading Lan Support configuration file\n");
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) != 2)
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
 
-        remove_control_chars (w1);
-        remove_control_chars (w2);
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "lan_char_ip") == 0)
-        {                       // Read Char-Server Lan IP Address
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+        if (w1 == "lan_char_ip")
+        {
+            // Read Char-Server Lan IP Address
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                sprintf (lan_char_ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
+                sprintf(lan_char_ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
@@ -4153,79 +3571,75 @@ int login_lan_config_read (const char *lancfgName)
             }
             else
             {
-                strncpy (lan_char_ip, w2, sizeof (lan_char_ip));
-                lan_char_ip[sizeof (lan_char_ip) - 1] = '\0';
+                strzcpy(lan_char_ip, w2.c_str(), sizeof(lan_char_ip));
             }
-            printf ("LAN IP of char-server: %s.\n", lan_char_ip);
+            PRINTF("LAN IP of char-server: %s.\n", lan_char_ip);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "subnet") == 0)
-        {                       // Read Subnetwork
-            for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+        else if (w1 == "subnet")
+        {
+            // Read Subnetwork
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                 subneti[j] = 0;
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+                for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                     subneti[j] = (unsigned char) h->h_addr[j];
             }
             else
             {
-                sscanf (w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subneti[0], &subneti[1],
+                SSCANF(w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subneti[0], &subneti[1],
                         &subneti[2], &subneti[3]);
             }
-            printf ("Sub-network of the char-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
+            PRINTF("Sub-network of the char-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
                     subneti[0], subneti[1], subneti[2], subneti[3]);
         }
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "subnetmask") == 0)
+        else if (w1 == "subnetmask")
         {                       // Read Subnetwork Mask
-            for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                 subnetmaski[j] = 255;
-            h = gethostbyname (w2);
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
             if (h != NULL)
             {
-                for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+                for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                     subnetmaski[j] = (unsigned char) h->h_addr[j];
             }
             else
             {
-                sscanf (w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subnetmaski[0], &subnetmaski[1],
+                SSCANF(w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &subnetmaski[0], &subnetmaski[1],
                         &subnetmaski[2], &subnetmaski[3]);
             }
-            printf ("Sub-network mask of the char-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
+            PRINTF("Sub-network mask of the char-server: %d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
                     subnetmaski[0], subnetmaski[1], subnetmaski[2],
                     subnetmaski[3]);
         }
+        else
+        {
+            PRINTF("WARNING: unknown lan-config key: %s\n", w1);
+        }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
     // log the LAN configuration
-    login_log ("The LAN configuration of the server is set:\n");
-    login_log ("- with LAN IP of char-server: %s.\n", lan_char_ip);
-    login_log
-        ("- with the sub-network of the char-server: %d.%d.%d.%d/%d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
+    LOGIN_LOG("The LAN configuration of the server is set:\n");
+    LOGIN_LOG("- with LAN IP of char-server: %s.\n", lan_char_ip);
+    LOGIN_LOG("- with the sub-network of the char-server: %d.%d.%d.%d/%d.%d.%d.%d.\n",
          subneti[0], subneti[1], subneti[2], subneti[3],
          subnetmaski[0], subnetmaski[1], subnetmaski[2], subnetmaski[3]);
 
     // sub-network check of the char-server
     {
-        unsigned int a0, a1, a2, a3;
         unsigned char p[4];
-        sscanf (lan_char_ip, "%d.%d.%d.%d", &a0, &a1, &a2, &a3);
-        p[0] = a0;
-        p[1] = a1;
-        p[2] = a2;
-        p[3] = a3;
-        printf ("LAN test of LAN IP of the char-server: ");
-        if (lan_ip_check (p) == 0)
+        sscanf(lan_char_ip, "%hhu.%hhu.%hhu.%hhu",
+                &p[0], &p[1], &p[2], &p[3]);
+        PRINTF("LAN test of LAN IP of the char-server: ");
+        if (lan_ip_check(p) == 0)
         {
-            printf
-                ("\033[1;31m***ERROR: LAN IP of the char-server doesn't belong to the specified Sub-network\033[0m\n");
-            login_log
-                ("***ERROR: LAN IP of the char-server doesn't belong to the specified Sub-network.\n");
+            PRINTF("\033[1;31m***ERROR: LAN IP of the char-server doesn't belong to the specified Sub-network\033[0m\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("***ERROR: LAN IP of the char-server doesn't belong to the specified Sub-network.\n");
         }
     }
 
-    printf ("---End reading of Lan Support configuration file\n");
+    PRINTF("---End reading of Lan Support configuration file\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4234,284 +3648,239 @@ int login_lan_config_read (const char *lancfgName)
 // Reading general configuration file
 //-----------------------------------
 static
-int login_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int login_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
-
-    fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(cfgName);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("Configuration file (%s) not found.\n", cfgName);
+        PRINTF("Configuration file (%s) not found.\n", cfgName);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    printf ("---Start reading of Login Server configuration file (%s)\n",
+    PRINTF("---Start reading of Login Server configuration file (%s)\n",
             cfgName);
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
 
-        line[sizeof (line) - 1] = '\0';
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) == 2)
+        if (w1 == "admin_state")
         {
-            remove_control_chars (w1);
-            remove_control_chars (w2);
-
-            if (strcasecmp (w1, "admin_state") == 0)
-            {
-                admin_state = config_switch (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "admin_pass") == 0)
+            admin_state = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "admin_pass")
+        {
+            strzcpy(admin_pass, w2.c_str(), sizeof(admin_pass));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "ladminallowip")
+        {
+            if (w2 == "clear")
             {
-                strncpy (admin_pass, w2, sizeof (admin_pass));
-                admin_pass[sizeof (admin_pass) - 1] = '\0';
+                if (access_ladmin_allow)
+                    free(access_ladmin_allow);
+                access_ladmin_allow = NULL;
+                access_ladmin_allownum = 0;
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "ladminallowip") == 0)
+            else
             {
-                if (strcasecmp (w2, "clear") == 0)
+                if (w2 == "all")
                 {
+                    // reset all previous values
                     if (access_ladmin_allow)
-                        free (access_ladmin_allow);
-                    access_ladmin_allow = NULL;
-                    access_ladmin_allownum = 0;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (strcasecmp (w2, "all") == 0)
-                    {
-                        // reset all previous values
-                        if (access_ladmin_allow)
-                            free (access_ladmin_allow);
-                        // set to all
-                        CREATE (access_ladmin_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        access_ladmin_allownum = 1;
-                    }
-                    else if (w2[0]
-                             && !(access_ladmin_allownum == 1
-                                  && access_ladmin_allow[0] == '\0'))
-                    {           // don't add IP if already 'all'
-                        if (access_ladmin_allow)
-                            RECREATE (access_ladmin_allow, char, (access_ladmin_allownum + 1) * ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        else
-                            CREATE (access_ladmin_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        strncpy (access_ladmin_allow +
-                                 (access_ladmin_allownum++) * ACO_STRSIZE, w2,
-                                 ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        access_ladmin_allow[access_ladmin_allownum *
-                                            ACO_STRSIZE - 1] = '\0';
-                    }
+                        free(access_ladmin_allow);
+                    // set to all
+                    CREATE(access_ladmin_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    access_ladmin_allownum = 1;
                 }
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "gm_pass") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (gm_pass, w2, sizeof (gm_pass));
-                gm_pass[sizeof (gm_pass) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "level_new_gm") == 0)
-            {
-                level_new_gm = atoi (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "new_account") == 0)
-            {
-                new_account_flag = config_switch (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_port") == 0)
-            {
-                login_port = atoi (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "account_filename") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (account_filename, w2, sizeof (account_filename));
-                account_filename[sizeof (account_filename) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "gm_account_filename") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (GM_account_filename, w2,
-                         sizeof (GM_account_filename));
-                GM_account_filename[sizeof (GM_account_filename) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "gm_account_filename_check_timer") == 0)
-            {
-                gm_account_filename_check_timer = atoi (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_log_filename") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (login_log_filename, w2, sizeof (login_log_filename));
-                login_log_filename[sizeof (login_log_filename) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "login_log_unknown_packets_filename") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (login_log_unknown_packets_filename, w2,
-                         sizeof (login_log_unknown_packets_filename));
-                login_log_unknown_packets_filename[sizeof
-                                                   (login_log_unknown_packets_filename)
-                                                   - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "save_unknown_packets") == 0)
-            {
-                save_unknown_packets = config_switch (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "display_parse_login") == 0)
-            {
-                display_parse_login = config_switch (w2);   // 0: no, 1: yes
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "display_parse_admin") == 0)
-            {
-                display_parse_admin = config_switch (w2);   // 0: no, 1: yes
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "display_parse_fromchar") == 0)
-            {
-                display_parse_fromchar = config_switch (w2);    // 0: no, 1: yes (without packet 0x2714), 2: all packets
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "date_format") == 0)
-            {                   // note: never have more than 19 char for the date!
-                switch (atoi (w2))
-                {
-                    case 0:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S");  // 31-12-2004 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                    case 1:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S");  // 12-31-2004 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                    case 2:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%Y-%d-%m %H:%M:%S");  // 2004-31-12 23:59:59
-                        break;
-                    case 3:
-                        strcpy (date_format, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");  // 2004-12-31 23:59:59
-                        break;
+                else if (w2[0]
+                         && !(access_ladmin_allownum == 1
+                              && access_ladmin_allow[0] == '\0'))
+                {           // don't add IP if already 'all'
+                    if (access_ladmin_allow)
+                        RECREATE(access_ladmin_allow, char, (access_ladmin_allownum + 1) * ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    else
+                        CREATE(access_ladmin_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    strzcpy(access_ladmin_allow + (access_ladmin_allownum++) * ACO_STRSIZE,
+                            w2.c_str(), ACO_STRSIZE);
                 }
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "min_level_to_connect") == 0)
-            {
-                min_level_to_connect = atoi (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "add_to_unlimited_account") == 0)
-            {
-                add_to_unlimited_account = config_switch (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "start_limited_time") == 0)
-            {
-                start_limited_time = atoi (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "check_ip_flag") == 0)
-            {
-                check_ip_flag = config_switch (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "order") == 0)
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "gm_pass")
+        {
+            strzcpy(gm_pass, w2.c_str(), sizeof(gm_pass));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "level_new_gm")
+        {
+            level_new_gm = atoi(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "new_account")
+        {
+            new_account_flag = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "login_port")
+        {
+            login_port = atoi(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "account_filename")
+        {
+            strzcpy(account_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(account_filename));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "gm_account_filename")
+        {
+            strzcpy(GM_account_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(GM_account_filename));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "gm_account_filename_check_timer")
+        {
+            gm_account_filename_check_timer = std::chrono::seconds(atoi(w2.c_str()));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "login_log_filename")
+        {
+            strzcpy(login_log_filename, w2.c_str(), sizeof(login_log_filename));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "login_log_unknown_packets_filename")
+        {
+            strzcpy(login_log_unknown_packets_filename, w2.c_str(),
+                     sizeof(login_log_unknown_packets_filename));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "save_unknown_packets")
+        {
+            save_unknown_packets = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "display_parse_login")
+        {
+            display_parse_login = config_switch(w2.c_str());   // 0: no, 1: yes
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "display_parse_admin")
+        {
+            display_parse_admin = config_switch(w2.c_str());   // 0: no, 1: yes
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "display_parse_fromchar")
+        {
+            display_parse_fromchar = config_switch(w2.c_str());    // 0: no, 1: yes (without packet 0x2714), 2: all packets
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "min_level_to_connect")
+        {
+            min_level_to_connect = atoi(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "add_to_unlimited_account")
+        {
+            add_to_unlimited_account = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "start_limited_time")
+        {
+            start_limited_time = atoi(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "check_ip_flag")
+        {
+            check_ip_flag = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "order")
+        {
+            access_order = atoi(w2.c_str());
+            if (w2 == "deny,allow" || w2 == "deny, allow")
+                access_order = ACO_DENY_ALLOW;
+            if (w2 == "allow,deny" || w2 == "allow, deny")
+                access_order = ACO_ALLOW_DENY;
+            if (w2 == "mutual-failture" || w2 == "mutual-failure")
+                access_order = ACO_MUTUAL_FAILTURE;
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "allow")
+        {
+            if (w2 == "clear")
             {
-                access_order = atoi (w2);
-                if (strcasecmp (w2, "deny,allow") == 0 ||
-                    strcasecmp (w2, "deny, allow") == 0)
-                    access_order = ACO_DENY_ALLOW;
-                if (strcasecmp (w2, "allow,deny") == 0 ||
-                    strcasecmp (w2, "allow, deny") == 0)
-                    access_order = ACO_ALLOW_DENY;
-                if (strcasecmp (w2, "mutual-failture") == 0 ||
-                    strcasecmp (w2, "mutual-failure") == 0)
-                    access_order = ACO_MUTUAL_FAILTURE;
+                if (access_allow)
+                    free(access_allow);
+                access_allow = NULL;
+                access_allownum = 0;
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "allow") == 0)
+            else
             {
-                if (strcasecmp (w2, "clear") == 0)
+                if (w2 == "all")
                 {
+                    // reset all previous values
                     if (access_allow)
-                        free (access_allow);
-                    access_allow = NULL;
-                    access_allownum = 0;
+                        free(access_allow);
+                    // set to all
+                    CREATE(access_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    access_allownum = 1;
                 }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (strcasecmp (w2, "all") == 0)
-                    {
-                        // reset all previous values
-                        if (access_allow)
-                            free (access_allow);
-                        // set to all
-                        CREATE (access_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        access_allownum = 1;
-                    }
-                    else if (w2[0]
-                             && !(access_allownum == 1
-                                  && access_allow[0] == '\0'))
-                    {           // don't add IP if already 'all'
-                        if (access_allow)
-                            RECREATE (access_allow, char, (access_allownum + 1) * ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        else
-                            CREATE (access_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        strncpy (access_allow +
-                                 (access_allownum++) * ACO_STRSIZE, w2,
-                                 ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        access_allow[access_allownum * ACO_STRSIZE - 1] =
-                            '\0';
-                    }
+                else if (w2[0]
+                         && !(access_allownum == 1
+                              && access_allow[0] == '\0'))
+                {           // don't add IP if already 'all'
+                    if (access_allow)
+                        RECREATE(access_allow, char, (access_allownum + 1) * ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    else
+                        CREATE(access_allow, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    strzcpy(access_allow + (access_allownum++) * ACO_STRSIZE,
+                            w2.c_str(), ACO_STRSIZE);
                 }
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "deny") == 0)
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "deny")
+        {
+            if (w2 == "clear")
+            {
+                if (access_deny)
+                    free(access_deny);
+                access_deny = NULL;
+                access_denynum = 0;
+            }
+            else
             {
-                if (strcasecmp (w2, "clear") == 0)
+                if (w2 == "all")
                 {
+                    // reset all previous values
                     if (access_deny)
-                        free (access_deny);
-                    access_deny = NULL;
-                    access_denynum = 0;
+                        free(access_deny);
+                    // set to all
+                    CREATE(access_deny, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    access_denynum = 1;
                 }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (strcasecmp (w2, "all") == 0)
-                    {
-                        // reset all previous values
-                        if (access_deny)
-                            free (access_deny);
-                        // set to all
-                        CREATE (access_deny, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        access_denynum = 1;
-                    }
-                    else if (w2[0]
-                             && !(access_denynum == 1
-                                  && access_deny[0] == '\0'))
-                    {           // don't add IP if already 'all'
-                        if (access_deny)
-                            RECREATE (access_deny, char, (access_denynum + 1) * ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        else
-                            CREATE (access_deny, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        strncpy (access_deny +
-                                 (access_denynum++) * ACO_STRSIZE, w2,
-                                 ACO_STRSIZE);
-                        access_deny[access_denynum * ACO_STRSIZE - 1] = '\0';
-                    }
+                else if (!w2.empty()
+                         && !(access_denynum == 1
+                              && access_deny[0] == '\0'))
+                {           // don't add IP if already 'all'
+                    if (access_deny)
+                        RECREATE(access_deny, char, (access_denynum + 1) * ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    else
+                        CREATE(access_deny, char, ACO_STRSIZE);
+                    strzcpy(access_deny + (access_denynum++) * ACO_STRSIZE,
+                            w2.c_str(), ACO_STRSIZE);
                 }
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "anti_freeze_enable") == 0)
-            {
-                anti_freeze_enable = config_switch (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "anti_freeze_interval") == 0)
-            {
-                ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = atoi (w2);
-                if (ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL < 5)
-                    ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = 5;   // minimum 5 seconds
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
-            {
-                login_config_read (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "update_host") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (update_host, w2, sizeof (update_host));
-                update_host[sizeof (update_host) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "main_server") == 0)
-            {
-                strncpy (main_server, w2, sizeof (main_server));
-                main_server[sizeof (main_server) - 1] = '\0';
-            }
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "anti_freeze_enable")
+        {
+            anti_freeze_enable = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "anti_freeze_interval")
+        {
+            ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL = std::max(
+                    std::chrono::seconds(atoi(w2.c_str())),
+                    std::chrono::seconds(5));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "import")
+        {
+            login_config_read(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "update_host")
+        {
+            strzcpy(update_host, w2.c_str(), sizeof(update_host));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "main_server")
+        {
+            strzcpy(main_server, w2.c_str(), sizeof(main_server));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PRINTF("WARNING: unknown login config key: %s\n", w1);
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
-    printf ("---End reading of Login Server configuration file.\n");
+    PRINTF("---End reading of Login Server configuration file.\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4520,12 +3889,11 @@ int login_config_read (const char *cfgName)
 // Displaying of configuration warnings
 //-------------------------------------
 static
-void display_conf_warnings (void)
+void display_conf_warnings(void)
 {
     if (admin_state != 0 && admin_state != 1)
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for admin_state parameter -> set to 0 (no remote admin).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for admin_state parameter -> set to 0 (no remote admin).\n");
         admin_state = 0;
     }
 
@@ -4533,137 +3901,117 @@ void display_conf_warnings (void)
     {
         if (admin_pass[0] == '\0')
         {
-            printf
-                ("***WARNING: Administrator password is void (admin_pass).\n");
+            PRINTF("***WARNING: Administrator password is void (admin_pass).\n");
         }
-        else if (strcmp (admin_pass, "admin") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(admin_pass, "admin") == 0)
         {
-            printf
-                ("***WARNING: You are using the default administrator password (admin_pass).\n");
-            printf ("            We highly recommend that you change it.\n");
+            PRINTF("***WARNING: You are using the default administrator password (admin_pass).\n");
+            PRINTF("            We highly recommend that you change it.\n");
         }
     }
 
     if (gm_pass[0] == '\0')
     {
-        printf ("***WARNING: 'To GM become' password is void (gm_pass).\n");
-        printf
-            ("            We highly recommend that you set one password.\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: 'To GM become' password is void (gm_pass).\n");
+        PRINTF("            We highly recommend that you set one password.\n");
     }
-    else if (strcmp (gm_pass, "gm") == 0)
+    else if (strcmp(gm_pass, "gm") == 0)
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: You are using the default GM password (gm_pass).\n");
-        printf ("            We highly recommend that you change it.\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: You are using the default GM password (gm_pass).\n");
+        PRINTF("            We highly recommend that you change it.\n");
     }
 
     if (level_new_gm < 0 || level_new_gm > 99)
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for level_new_gm parameter -> set to 60 (default).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for level_new_gm parameter -> set to 60 (default).\n");
         level_new_gm = 60;
     }
 
     if (new_account_flag != 0 && new_account_flag != 1)
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for new_account parameter -> set to 0 (no new account).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for new_account parameter -> set to 0 (no new account).\n");
         new_account_flag = 0;
     }
 
     if (login_port < 1024 || login_port > 65535)
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for login_port parameter -> set to 6900 (default).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for login_port parameter -> set to 6900 (default).\n");
         login_port = 6900;
     }
 
-    if (gm_account_filename_check_timer < 0)
+    if (gm_account_filename_check_timer.count() < 0)
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for gm_account_filename_check_timer parameter.\n");
-        printf ("            -> set to 15 sec (default).\n");
-        gm_account_filename_check_timer = 15;
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for gm_account_filename_check_timer parameter.\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 15 sec (default).\n");
+        gm_account_filename_check_timer = std::chrono::seconds(15);
     }
-    else if (gm_account_filename_check_timer == 1)
+    else if (gm_account_filename_check_timer == std::chrono::seconds(1))
     {
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for gm_account_filename_check_timer parameter.\n");
-        printf ("            -> set to 2 sec (minimum value).\n");
-        gm_account_filename_check_timer = 2;
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for gm_account_filename_check_timer parameter.\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 2 sec (minimum value).\n");
+        gm_account_filename_check_timer = std::chrono::seconds(2);
     }
 
     if (save_unknown_packets != 0 && save_unknown_packets != 1)
     {
-        printf
-            ("WARNING: Invalid value for save_unknown_packets parameter -> set to 0-no save.\n");
+        PRINTF("WARNING: Invalid value for save_unknown_packets parameter -> set to 0-no save.\n");
         save_unknown_packets = 0;
     }
 
     if (display_parse_login != 0 && display_parse_login != 1)
     {                           // 0: no, 1: yes
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for display_parse_login parameter\n");
-        printf ("            -> set to 0 (no display).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for display_parse_login parameter\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 0 (no display).\n");
         display_parse_login = 0;
     }
 
     if (display_parse_admin != 0 && display_parse_admin != 1)
     {                           // 0: no, 1: yes
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for display_parse_admin parameter\n");
-        printf ("            -> set to 0 (no display).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for display_parse_admin parameter\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 0 (no display).\n");
         display_parse_admin = 0;
     }
 
     if (display_parse_fromchar < 0 || display_parse_fromchar > 2)
     {                           // 0: no, 1: yes (without packet 0x2714), 2: all packets
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for display_parse_fromchar parameter\n");
-        printf ("            -> set to 0 (no display).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for display_parse_fromchar parameter\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 0 (no display).\n");
         display_parse_fromchar = 0;
     }
 
     if (min_level_to_connect < 0)
     {                           // 0: all players, 1-99 at least gm level x
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for min_level_to_connect (%d) parameter\n",
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for min_level_to_connect (%d) parameter\n",
              min_level_to_connect);
-        printf ("            -> set to 0 (any player).\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 0 (any player).\n");
         min_level_to_connect = 0;
     }
     else if (min_level_to_connect > 99)
     {                           // 0: all players, 1-99 at least gm level x
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for min_level_to_connect (%d) parameter\n",
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for min_level_to_connect (%d) parameter\n",
              min_level_to_connect);
-        printf ("            -> set to 99 (only GM level 99).\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 99 (only GM level 99).\n");
         min_level_to_connect = 99;
     }
 
     if (add_to_unlimited_account != 0 && add_to_unlimited_account != 1)
     {                           // 0: no, 1: yes
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for add_to_unlimited_account parameter\n");
-        printf
-            ("            -> set to 0 (impossible to add a time to an unlimited account).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for add_to_unlimited_account parameter\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 0 (impossible to add a time to an unlimited account).\n");
         add_to_unlimited_account = 0;
     }
 
     if (start_limited_time < -1)
     {                           // -1: create unlimited account, 0 or more: additionnal sec from now to create limited time
-        printf
-            ("***WARNING: Invalid value for start_limited_time parameter\n");
-        printf
-            ("            -> set to -1 (new accounts are created with unlimited time).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for start_limited_time parameter\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to -1 (new accounts are created with unlimited time).\n");
         start_limited_time = -1;
     }
 
     if (check_ip_flag != 0 && check_ip_flag != 1)
     {                           // 0: no, 1: yes
-        printf ("***WARNING: Invalid value for check_ip_flag parameter\n");
-        printf
-            ("            -> set to 1 (check players ip between login-server & char-server).\n");
+        PRINTF("***WARNING: Invalid value for check_ip_flag parameter\n");
+        PRINTF("            -> set to 1 (check players ip between login-server & char-server).\n");
         check_ip_flag = 1;
     }
 
@@ -4671,36 +4019,31 @@ void display_conf_warnings (void)
     {
         if (access_denynum == 1 && access_deny[0] == '\0')
         {
-            printf
-                ("***WARNING: The IP security order is 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny).\n");
-            printf ("            And you refuse ALL IP.\n");
+            PRINTF("***WARNING: The IP security order is 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny).\n");
+            PRINTF("            And you refuse ALL IP.\n");
         }
     }
     else if (access_order == ACO_ALLOW_DENY)
     {
         if (access_allownum == 0)
         {
-            printf
-                ("***WARNING: The IP security order is 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow).\n");
-            printf ("            But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
+            PRINTF("***WARNING: The IP security order is 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow).\n");
+            PRINTF("            But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
         }
     }
     else
     {                           // ACO_MUTUAL_FAILTURE
         if (access_allownum == 0)
         {
-            printf
-                ("***WARNING: The IP security order is 'mutual-failture'\n");
-            printf
-                ("            (allow if in the allow list and not in the deny list).\n");
-            printf ("            But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
+            PRINTF("***WARNING: The IP security order is 'mutual-failture'\n");
+            PRINTF("            (allow if in the allow list and not in the deny list).\n");
+            PRINTF("            But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
         }
         else if (access_denynum == 1 && access_deny[0] == '\0')
         {
-            printf ("***WARNING: The IP security order is mutual-failture\n");
-            printf
-                ("            (allow if in the allow list and not in the deny list).\n");
-            printf ("            But, you refuse ALL IP!\n");
+            PRINTF("***WARNING: The IP security order is mutual-failture\n");
+            PRINTF("            (allow if in the allow list and not in the deny list).\n");
+            PRINTF("            But, you refuse ALL IP!\n");
         }
     }
 
@@ -4711,195 +4054,178 @@ void display_conf_warnings (void)
 // Save configuration in log file
 //-------------------------------
 static
-void save_config_in_log (void)
+void save_config_in_log(void)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     // a newline in the log...
-    login_log ("");
-    login_log ("The login-server starting...\n");
+    LOGIN_LOG("");
+    LOGIN_LOG("The login-server starting...\n");
 
     // save configuration in log file
-    login_log ("The configuration of the server is set:\n");
+    LOGIN_LOG("The configuration of the server is set:\n");
 
     if (admin_state != 1)
-        login_log ("- with no remote administration.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with no remote administration.\n");
     else if (admin_pass[0] == '\0')
-        login_log ("- with a remote administration with a VOID password.\n");
-    else if (strcmp (admin_pass, "admin") == 0)
-        login_log ("- with a remote administration with the DEFAULT password.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with a remote administration with a VOID password.\n");
+    else if (strcmp(admin_pass, "admin") == 0)
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with a remote administration with the DEFAULT password.\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- with a remote administration with the password of %d character(s).\n",
-             strlen (admin_pass));
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with a remote administration with the password of %zu character(s).\n",
+             strlen(admin_pass));
     if (access_ladmin_allownum == 0
         || (access_ladmin_allownum == 1 && access_ladmin_allow[0] == '\0'))
     {
-        login_log ("- to accept any IP for remote administration\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to accept any IP for remote administration\n");
     }
     else
     {
-        login_log ("- to accept following IP for remote administration:\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to accept following IP for remote administration:\n");
         for (i = 0; i < access_ladmin_allownum; i++)
-            login_log ("  %s\n",
-                       (char *) (access_ladmin_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE));
+            LOGIN_LOG("  %s\n",
+                    access_ladmin_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE);
     }
 
     if (gm_pass[0] == '\0')
-        login_log ("- with a VOID 'To GM become' password (gm_pass).\n");
-    else if (strcmp (gm_pass, "gm") == 0)
-        login_log ("- with the DEFAULT 'To GM become' password (gm_pass).\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with a VOID 'To GM become' password (gm_pass).\n");
+    else if (strcmp(gm_pass, "gm") == 0)
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with the DEFAULT 'To GM become' password (gm_pass).\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- with a 'To GM become' password (gm_pass) of %d character(s).\n",
-             strlen (gm_pass));
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with a 'To GM become' password (gm_pass) of %zu character(s).\n",
+             strlen(gm_pass));
     if (level_new_gm == 0)
-        login_log ("- to refuse any creation of GM with @gm.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to refuse any creation of GM with @gm.\n");
     else
-        login_log ("- to create GM with level '%d' when @gm is used.\n",
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to create GM with level '%d' when @gm is used.\n",
                    level_new_gm);
 
     if (new_account_flag == 1)
-        login_log ("- to ALLOW new users (with _F/_M).\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to ALLOW new users (with _F/_M).\n");
     else
-        login_log ("- to NOT ALLOW new users (with _F/_M).\n");
-    login_log ("- with port: %d.\n", login_port);
-    login_log ("- with the accounts file name: '%s'.\n",
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to NOT ALLOW new users (with _F/_M).\n");
+    LOGIN_LOG("- with port: %d.\n", login_port);
+    LOGIN_LOG("- with the accounts file name: '%s'.\n",
                account_filename);
-    login_log ("- with the GM accounts file name: '%s'.\n",
+    LOGIN_LOG("- with the GM accounts file name: '%s'.\n",
                GM_account_filename);
-    if (gm_account_filename_check_timer == 0)
-        login_log ("- to NOT check GM accounts file modifications.\n");
+    if (gm_account_filename_check_timer == interval_t::zero())
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to NOT check GM accounts file modifications.\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- to check GM accounts file modifications every %d seconds.\n",
-             gm_account_filename_check_timer);
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to check GM accounts file modifications every %d seconds.\n",
+             (int)gm_account_filename_check_timer.count());
 
     // not necessary to log the 'login_log_filename', we are inside :)
 
-    login_log ("- with the unknown packets file name: '%s'.\n",
+    LOGIN_LOG("- with the unknown packets file name: '%s'.\n",
                login_log_unknown_packets_filename);
     if (save_unknown_packets)
-        login_log ("- to SAVE all unkown packets.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to SAVE all unkown packets.\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- to SAVE only unkown packets sending by a char-server or a remote administration.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to SAVE only unkown packets sending by a char-server or a remote administration.\n");
     if (display_parse_login)
-        login_log ("- to display normal parse packets on console.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to display normal parse packets on console.\n");
     else
-        login_log ("- to NOT display normal parse packets on console.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to NOT display normal parse packets on console.\n");
     if (display_parse_admin)
-        login_log ("- to display administration parse packets on console.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to display administration parse packets on console.\n");
     else
-        login_log ("- to NOT display administration parse packets on console.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to NOT display administration parse packets on console.\n");
     if (display_parse_fromchar)
-        login_log ("- to display char-server parse packets on console.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to display char-server parse packets on console.\n");
     else
-        login_log ("- to NOT display char-server parse packets on console.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to NOT display char-server parse packets on console.\n");
 
     if (min_level_to_connect == 0)  // 0: all players, 1-99 at least gm level x
-        login_log ("- with no minimum level for connection.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with no minimum level for connection.\n");
     else if (min_level_to_connect == 99)
-        login_log ("- to accept only GM with level 99.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to accept only GM with level 99.\n");
     else
-        login_log ("- to accept only GM with level %d or more.\n",
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to accept only GM with level %d or more.\n",
                    min_level_to_connect);
 
     if (add_to_unlimited_account)
-        login_log
-            ("- to authorize adjustment (with timeadd ladmin) on an unlimited account.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to authorize adjustment (with timeadd ladmin) on an unlimited account.\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- to refuse adjustment (with timeadd ladmin) on an unlimited account. You must use timeset (ladmin command) before.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to refuse adjustment (with timeadd ladmin) on an unlimited account. You must use timeset (ladmin command) before.\n");
 
     if (start_limited_time < 0)
-        login_log ("- to create new accounts with an unlimited time.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to create new accounts with an unlimited time.\n");
     else if (start_limited_time == 0)
-        login_log
-            ("- to create new accounts with a limited time: time of creation.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to create new accounts with a limited time: time of creation.\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- to create new accounts with a limited time: time of creation + %d second(s).\n",
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to create new accounts with a limited time: time of creation + %d second(s).\n",
              start_limited_time);
 
     if (check_ip_flag)
-        login_log
-            ("- with control of players IP between login-server and char-server.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with control of players IP between login-server and char-server.\n");
     else
-        login_log
-            ("- to not check players IP between login-server and char-server.\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- to not check players IP between login-server and char-server.\n");
 
     if (access_order == ACO_DENY_ALLOW)
     {
         if (access_denynum == 0)
         {
-            login_log
-                ("- with the IP security order: 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny). You refuse no IP.\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny). You refuse no IP.\n");
         }
         else if (access_denynum == 1 && access_deny[0] == '\0')
         {
-            login_log
-                ("- with the IP security order: 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny). You refuse ALL IP.\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny). You refuse ALL IP.\n");
         }
         else
         {
-            login_log
-                ("- with the IP security order: 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny). Refused IP are:\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'deny,allow' (allow if not deny). Refused IP are:\n");
             for (i = 0; i < access_denynum; i++)
-                login_log ("  %s\n",
-                           (char *) (access_deny + i * ACO_STRSIZE));
+                LOGIN_LOG("  %s\n",
+                        access_deny + i * ACO_STRSIZE);
         }
     }
     else if (access_order == ACO_ALLOW_DENY)
     {
         if (access_allownum == 0)
         {
-            login_log
-                ("- with the IP security order: 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow). But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow). But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
         }
         else if (access_allownum == 1 && access_allow[0] == '\0')
         {
-            login_log
-                ("- with the IP security order: 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow). You authorise ALL IP.\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow). You authorise ALL IP.\n");
         }
         else
         {
-            login_log
-                ("- with the IP security order: 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow). Authorised IP are:\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'allow,deny' (deny if not allow). Authorised IP are:\n");
             for (i = 0; i < access_allownum; i++)
-                login_log ("  %s\n",
-                           (char *) (access_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE));
+                LOGIN_LOG("  %s\n",
+                        access_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE);
         }
     }
     else
     {                           // ACO_MUTUAL_FAILTURE
-        login_log
-            ("- with the IP security order: 'mutual-failture' (allow if in the allow list and not in the deny list).\n");
+        LOGIN_LOG("- with the IP security order: 'mutual-failture' (allow if in the allow list and not in the deny list).\n");
         if (access_allownum == 0)
         {
-            login_log ("  But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("  But, NO IP IS AUTHORISED!\n");
         }
         else if (access_denynum == 1 && access_deny[0] == '\0')
         {
-            login_log ("  But, you refuse ALL IP!\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("  But, you refuse ALL IP!\n");
         }
         else
         {
             if (access_allownum == 1 && access_allow[0] == '\0')
             {
-                login_log ("  You authorise ALL IP.\n");
+                LOGIN_LOG("  You authorise ALL IP.\n");
             }
             else
             {
-                login_log ("  Authorised IP are:\n");
+                LOGIN_LOG("  Authorised IP are:\n");
                 for (i = 0; i < access_allownum; i++)
-                    login_log ("    %s\n",
-                               (char *) (access_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE));
+                    LOGIN_LOG("    %s\n",
+                            access_allow + i * ACO_STRSIZE);
             }
-            login_log ("  Refused IP are:\n");
+            LOGIN_LOG("  Refused IP are:\n");
             for (i = 0; i < access_denynum; i++)
-                login_log ("    %s\n",
-                           (char *) (access_deny + i * ACO_STRSIZE));
+                LOGIN_LOG("    %s\n",
+                        access_deny + i * ACO_STRSIZE);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -4907,76 +4233,72 @@ void save_config_in_log (void)
 //--------------------------------------
 // Function called at exit of the server
 //--------------------------------------
-void term_func (void)
+void term_func(void)
 {
-    int  i, fd;
+    int i, fd;
 
-    mmo_auth_sync ();
+    mmo_auth_sync();
 
-    free (auth_dat);
-    free (gm_account_db);
+    free(auth_dat);
+    gm_account_db.clear();
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
     {
         if ((fd = server_fd[i]) >= 0)
-            delete_session (fd);
+            delete_session(fd);
     }
-    delete_session (login_fd);
+    delete_session(login_fd);
 
-    login_log
-        ("----End of login-server (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
+    LOGIN_LOG("----End of login-server (normal end with closing of all files).\n");
 }
 
 //------------------------------
 // Main function of login-server
 //------------------------------
-int do_init (int argc, char **argv)
+int do_init(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    int  i, j;
-
     // read login-server configuration
-    login_config_read ((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LOGIN_CONF_NAME);
-    display_conf_warnings ();   // not in login_config_read, because we can use 'import' option, and display same message twice or more
-    save_config_in_log ();      // not before, because log file name can be changed
-    login_lan_config_read ((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LAN_CONF_NAME);
+    login_config_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LOGIN_CONF_NAME);
+    display_conf_warnings();   // not in login_config_read, because we can use 'import' option, and display same message twice or more
+    save_config_in_log();      // not before, because log file name can be changed
+    login_lan_config_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : LAN_CONF_NAME);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < AUTH_FIFO_SIZE; i++)
         auth_fifo[i].delflag = 1;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SERVERS; i++)
         server_fd[i] = -1;
 
-    gm_account_db = numdb_init ();
-
-    read_gm_account ();
-    mmo_auth_init ();
+    read_gm_account();
+    mmo_auth_init();
 //     set_termfunc (mmo_auth_sync);
-    set_defaultparse (parse_login);
-    login_fd = make_listen_port (login_port);
+    set_defaultparse(parse_login);
+    login_fd = make_listen_port(login_port);
 
-//    add_timer_func_list (check_auth_sync, "check_auth_sync");
 
-    // Trigger auth sync every 5 minutes
-    i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + 300000, check_auth_sync, 0, 0, 300000);
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::minutes(5),
+            check_auth_sync,
+            std::chrono::minutes(5)
+    ).detach();
 
     if (anti_freeze_enable > 0)
     {
-//        add_timer_func_list (char_anti_freeze_system, "char_anti_freeze_system");
-        i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + 1000, char_anti_freeze_system, 0,
-                                0, ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL * 1000);
+        Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+                char_anti_freeze_system,
+                ANTI_FREEZE_INTERVAL
+        ).detach();
     }
 
     // add timer to check GM accounts file modification
-    j = gm_account_filename_check_timer;
-    if (j == 0)                 // if we would not to check, we check every 60 sec, just to have timer (if we change timer, is was not necessary to check if timer already exists)
-        j = 60;
-//    add_timer_func_list (check_GM_file, "check_GM_file");
-    i = add_timer_interval (gettick () + j * 1000, check_GM_file, 0, 0, j * 1000);  // every x sec we check if gm file has been changed
-
-    login_log
-        ("The login-server is ready (Server is listening on the port %d).\n",
+    std::chrono::seconds j = gm_account_filename_check_timer;
+    if (j == interval_t::zero())
+        j = std::chrono::minutes(1);
+    Timer(gettick() + j,
+            check_GM_file,
+            j).detach();
+
+    LOGIN_LOG("The login-server is ready (Server is listening on the port %d).\n",
          login_port);
 
-    printf
-        ("The login-server is \033[1;32mready\033[0m (Server is listening on the port %d).\n\n",
+    PRINTF("The login-server is \033[1;32mready\033[0m (Server is listening on the port %d).\n\n",
          login_port);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/src/login/login.hpp b/src/login/login.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 49d1c12..0000000
--- a/src/login/login.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: login.h,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:26:53 MagicalTux Exp $
-#ifndef LOGIN_HPP
-#define LOGIN_HPP
-
-#define MAX_SERVERS 30
-
-#define LOGIN_CONF_NAME "conf/login_athena.conf"
-#define LAN_CONF_NAME "conf/lan_support.conf"
-// It seems we don't need to emulate RO's "password encryption" - MC/TMW
-//#define PASSWORDENC 3           // A definition is given when making an encryption password correspond.
-                        // It is 1 at the time of passwordencrypt.
-                        // It is made into 2 at the time of passwordencrypt2.
-                        // When it is made 3, it corresponds to both.
-#define START_ACCOUNT_NUM 2000000
-#define END_ACCOUNT_NUM 100000000
-
-struct mmo_account
-{
-    char *userid;
-    char *passwd;
-    int  passwdenc;
-
-    long account_id;
-    long login_id1;
-    long login_id2;
-    long char_id;
-    char lastlogin[24];
-    int  sex;
-};
-
-struct mmo_char_server
-{
-    char name[20];
-    long ip;
-    short port;
-    int  users;
-    int  maintenance;
-    int  is_new;
-};
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/map/atcommand.cpp b/src/map/atcommand.cpp
index bca530e..5fffaa3 100644
--- a/src/map/atcommand.cpp
+++ b/src/map/atcommand.cpp
@@ -1,601 +1,379 @@
-// $Id: atcommand.c 148 2004-09-30 14:05:37Z MouseJstr $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <array>
+#include "atcommand.hpp"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
 
+#include "../common/core.hpp"
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils2.hpp"
 
-#include "atcommand.hpp"
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "clif.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
+#include "clif.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "mob.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "party.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "script.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
-#include "trade.hpp"
-
-#include "../common/core.hpp"
+#include "storage.hpp"
 #include "tmw.hpp"
+#include "trade.hpp"
 
-#define STATE_BLIND 0x10
-
-static char command_symbol = '@';   // first char of the commands (by [Yor])
-
-#define ATCOMMAND_FUNC(x) int atcommand_ ## x (const int fd, struct map_session_data* sd, const char* command, const char* message)
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (setup);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (broadcast);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (localbroadcast);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charwarp);
-//ATCOMMAND_FUNC (warp);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (where);
-//ATCOMMAND_FUNC (goto);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (jump);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (who);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (whogroup);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (whomap);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (whomapgroup);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (whogm);         // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (save);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (load);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (speed);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (storage);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (guildstorage);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (option);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (hide);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (die);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (kill);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (alive);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (kami);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (heal);
-//ATCOMMAND_FUNC (item);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (itemreset);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (itemcheck);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (baselevelup);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (joblevelup);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (help);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (gm);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (pvpoff);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (pvpon);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (gvgoff);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (gvgon);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (model);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (go);
-//ATCOMMAND_FUNC (spawn);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (killmonster);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (killmonster2);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (refine);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (produce);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (memo);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (gat);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (packet);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (statuspoint);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skillpoint);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (zeny);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (param);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (guildlevelup);
-//ATCOMMAND_FUNC (recall);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (recallall);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (revive);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_stats);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_stats_all);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_option);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_save);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (night);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (day);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (doom);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (doommap);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (raise);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (raisemap);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_baselevel);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_joblevel);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (kick);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (kickall);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (allskills);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (questskill);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charquestskill);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (lostskill);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charlostskill);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (party);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (guild);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charskreset);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charstreset);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charreset);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charstpoint);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charmodel);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charskpoint);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charzeny);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (agitstart);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (agitend);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (reloaditemdb);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (reloadmobdb);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (reloadskilldb);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (reloadscript);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (reloadgmdb);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (mapexit);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (idsearch);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (mapinfo);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (dye);           //** by fritz
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (hair_style);    //** by fritz
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (hair_color);    //** by fritz
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (all_stats);     //** by fritz
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_change_sex);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_block);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_ban);      // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_unblock);  // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_unban);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (mount_peco);    // by Valaris
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_mount_peco);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (guildspy);      // [Syrus22]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (partyspy);      // [Syrus22]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (guildrecall);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (partyrecall);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (enablenpc);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (disablenpc);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (servertime);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (chardelitem);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (jail);          // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (unjail);        // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (disguise);      // [Valaris]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (undisguise);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (ignorelist);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charignorelist);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (inall);         // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (exall);         // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (chardisguise);  // Kalaspuff
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charundisguise);    // Kalaspuff
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (email);         // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (effect);        //by Apple
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_item_list);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_storage_list);    // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (character_cart_list);   // by Yor
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (addwarp);       // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (follow);        // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skillon);       // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skilloff);      // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (killer);        // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (npcmove);       // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (killable);      // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charkillable);  // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (chareffect);    // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (chardye);       // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charhairstyle); // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charhaircolor); // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (dropall);       // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (chardropall);   // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (storeall);      // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (charstoreall);  // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skillid);       // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (useskill);      // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (summon);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (rain);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (snow);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (sakura);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (fog);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (leaves);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (adjgmlvl);      // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (adjcmdlvl);     // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (trade);         // by MouseJstr
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (unmute);        // [Valaris]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (char_wipe);     // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (set_magic);     // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (magic_info);    // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (log);           // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (tee);           // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (invisible);     // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (visible);       // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (list_nearby);   // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (iterate_forward_over_players);  // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (iterate_backwards_over_players);    // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skillpool_info);    // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skillpool_focus);   // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skillpool_unfocus); // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (skill_learn);   // [Fate]
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (wgm);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (ipcheck);
-ATCOMMAND_FUNC (doomspot);
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+#define ATCOMMAND_FUNC(x) static \
+int atcommand_##x(const int fd, struct map_session_data* sd, const char* command, const char* message)
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(setup);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(broadcast);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(localbroadcast);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charwarp);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(warp);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(where);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(goto);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(jump);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(who);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(whogroup);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(whomap);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(whomapgroup);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(whogm);         // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(save);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(load);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(speed);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(storage);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(option);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(hide);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(die);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(kill);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(alive);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(kami);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(heal);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(item);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(itemreset);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(itemcheck);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(baselevelup);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(joblevelup);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(help);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(gm);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(pvpoff);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(pvpon);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(model);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(spawn);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(killmonster);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(killmonster2);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(gat);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(packet);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(statuspoint);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(skillpoint);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(zeny);
+template<ATTR attr>
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(param);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(recall);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(recallall);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(revive);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_stats);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_stats_all);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_option);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_save);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(doom);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(doommap);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(raise);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(raisemap);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_baselevel);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_joblevel);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(kick);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(kickall);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(questskill);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charquestskill);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(lostskill);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charlostskill);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(party);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charskreset);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charstreset);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charreset);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charstpoint);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charmodel);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charskpoint);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charzeny);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(reloaditemdb);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(reloadmobdb);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(reloadskilldb);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(reloadscript);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(reloadgmdb);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(mapexit);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(idsearch);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(mapinfo);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(dye);           //** by fritz
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(hair_style);    //** by fritz
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(hair_color);    //** by fritz
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(all_stats);     //** by fritz
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(char_change_sex);   // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(char_block);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(char_ban);      // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(char_unblock);  // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(char_unban);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(partyspy);      // [Syrus22]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(partyrecall);   // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(enablenpc);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(disablenpc);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(servertime);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(chardelitem);   // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(ignorelist);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charignorelist);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(inall);         // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(exall);         // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(email);         // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(effect);        //by Apple
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_item_list);   // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_storage_list);    // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(character_cart_list);   // by Yor
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(addwarp);       // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(killer);        // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(npcmove);       // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(killable);      // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charkillable);  // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(chareffect);    // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(dropall);       // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(chardropall);   // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(storeall);      // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(charstoreall);  // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(summon);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(rain);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(snow);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(sakura);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(fog);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(leaves);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(adjgmlvl);      // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(adjcmdlvl);     // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(trade);         // by MouseJstr
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(char_wipe);     // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(set_magic);     // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(magic_info);    // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(log);           // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(tee);           // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(invisible);     // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(visible);       // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(list_nearby);   // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(iterate_forward_over_players);  // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(iterate_backwards_over_players);    // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(skillpool_info);    // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(skillpool_focus);   // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(skillpool_unfocus); // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(skill_learn);   // [Fate]
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(wgm);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(ipcheck);
+ATCOMMAND_FUNC(doomspot);
 
 /*==========================================
  *AtCommandInfo atcommand_info[]構造体�定義
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
+struct AtCommandInfo
+{
+    const char *command;
+    int level;
+    int(*proc)(const int, struct map_session_data *,
+            const char *command, const char *message);
+};
+
 // First char of commands is configured in atcommand_athena.conf. Leave @ in this list for default value.
 // to set default level, read atcommand_athena.conf first please.
-static AtCommandInfo atcommand_info[] = {
-    {AtCommand_Setup, "@setup", 40, atcommand_setup},
-    {AtCommand_CharWarp, "@charwarp", 60, atcommand_charwarp},
-    {AtCommand_Warp, "@warp", 40, atcommand_warp},
-    {AtCommand_Where, "@where", 1, atcommand_where},
-    {AtCommand_Goto, "@goto", 20, atcommand_goto},
-    {AtCommand_Jump, "@jump", 40, atcommand_jump},
-    {AtCommand_Who, "@who", 20, atcommand_who},
-    {AtCommand_WhoGroup, "@whogroup", 20, atcommand_whogroup},
-    {AtCommand_WhoMap, "@whomap", 20, atcommand_whomap},
-    {AtCommand_WhoMapGroup, "@whomapgroup", 20, atcommand_whomapgroup},
-    {AtCommand_WhoGM, "@whogm", 20, atcommand_whogm},   // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Save, "@save", 40, atcommand_save},
-    {AtCommand_Load, "@return", 40, atcommand_load},
-    {AtCommand_Load, "@load", 40, atcommand_load},
-    {AtCommand_Speed, "@speed", 40, atcommand_speed},
-    {AtCommand_Storage, "@storage", 1, atcommand_storage},
-    {AtCommand_GuildStorage, "@gstorage", 50, atcommand_guildstorage},
-    {AtCommand_Option, "@option", 40, atcommand_option},
-    {AtCommand_Hide, "@hide", 40, atcommand_hide},  // + /hide
-    {AtCommand_Die, "@die", 1, atcommand_die},
-    {AtCommand_Kill, "@kill", 60, atcommand_kill},
-    {AtCommand_Alive, "@alive", 60, atcommand_alive},
-    {AtCommand_Kami, "@kami", 40, atcommand_kami},
-    {AtCommand_Heal, "@heal", 40, atcommand_heal},
-    {AtCommand_Item, "@item", 60, atcommand_item},
-    {AtCommand_ItemReset, "@itemreset", 40, atcommand_itemreset},
-    {AtCommand_ItemCheck, "@itemcheck", 60, atcommand_itemcheck},
-    {AtCommand_BaseLevelUp, "@blvl", 60, atcommand_baselevelup},
-    {AtCommand_JobLevelUp, "@jlvl", 60, atcommand_joblevelup},
-    {AtCommand_Help, "@help", 20, atcommand_help},
-    {AtCommand_GM, "@gm", 100, atcommand_gm},
-    {AtCommand_PvPOff, "@pvpoff", 40, atcommand_pvpoff},
-    {AtCommand_PvPOn, "@pvpon", 40, atcommand_pvpon},
-    {AtCommand_GvGOff, "@gvgoff", 40, atcommand_gvgoff},
-    {AtCommand_GvGOff, "@gpvpoff", 40, atcommand_gvgoff},
-    {AtCommand_GvGOn, "@gvgon", 40, atcommand_gvgon},
-    {AtCommand_GvGOn, "@gpvpon", 40, atcommand_gvgon},
-    {AtCommand_Model, "@model", 20, atcommand_model},
-    {AtCommand_Go, "@go", 10, atcommand_go},
-    {AtCommand_Spawn, "@spawn", 50, atcommand_spawn},
-    {AtCommand_KillMonster, "@killmonster", 60, atcommand_killmonster},
-    {AtCommand_KillMonster2, "@killmonster2", 40, atcommand_killmonster2},
-    {AtCommand_Produce, "@produce", 60, atcommand_produce},
-    {AtCommand_Memo, "@memo", 40, atcommand_memo},
-    {AtCommand_GAT, "@gat", 99, atcommand_gat}, // debug function
-    {AtCommand_Packet, "@packet", 99, atcommand_packet},    // debug function
-    {AtCommand_StatusPoint, "@stpoint", 60, atcommand_statuspoint},
-    {AtCommand_SkillPoint, "@skpoint", 60, atcommand_skillpoint},
-    {AtCommand_Zeny, "@zeny", 60, atcommand_zeny},
-    {AtCommand_Strength, "@str", 60, atcommand_param},
-    {AtCommand_Agility, "@agi", 60, atcommand_param},
-    {AtCommand_Vitality, "@vit", 60, atcommand_param},
-    {AtCommand_Intelligence, "@int", 60, atcommand_param},
-    {AtCommand_Dexterity, "@dex", 60, atcommand_param},
-    {AtCommand_Luck, "@luk", 60, atcommand_param},
-    {AtCommand_GuildLevelUp, "@guildlvl", 60, atcommand_guildlevelup},
-    {AtCommand_Recall, "@recall", 60, atcommand_recall},    // + /recall
-    {AtCommand_Revive, "@revive", 60, atcommand_revive},
-    {AtCommand_CharacterStats, "@charstats", 40, atcommand_character_stats},
-    {AtCommand_CharacterStatsAll, "@charstatsall", 40,
-     atcommand_character_stats_all},
-    {AtCommand_CharacterOption, "@charoption", 60,
-     atcommand_character_option},
-    {AtCommand_CharacterSave, "@charsave", 60, atcommand_character_save},
-    {AtCommand_Night, "@night", 80, atcommand_night},
-    {AtCommand_Day, "@day", 80, atcommand_day},
-    {AtCommand_Doom, "@doom", 80, atcommand_doom},
-    {AtCommand_DoomMap, "@doommap", 80, atcommand_doommap},
-    {AtCommand_Raise, "@raise", 80, atcommand_raise},
-    {AtCommand_RaiseMap, "@raisemap", 80, atcommand_raisemap},
-    {AtCommand_CharacterBaseLevel, "@charbaselvl", 60,
-     atcommand_character_baselevel},
-    {AtCommand_CharacterJobLevel, "@charjlvl", 60,
-     atcommand_character_joblevel},
-    {AtCommand_Kick, "@kick", 20, atcommand_kick},  // + right click menu for GM "(name) force to quit"
-    {AtCommand_KickAll, "@kickall", 99, atcommand_kickall},
-    {AtCommand_AllSkills, "@allskills", 60, atcommand_allskills},
-    {AtCommand_QuestSkill, "@questskill", 40, atcommand_questskill},
-    {AtCommand_CharQuestSkill, "@charquestskill", 60,
-     atcommand_charquestskill},
-    {AtCommand_LostSkill, "@lostskill", 40, atcommand_lostskill},
-    {AtCommand_CharLostSkill, "@charlostskill", 60, atcommand_charlostskill},
-    {AtCommand_Party, "@party", 1, atcommand_party},
-    {AtCommand_Guild, "@guild", 50, atcommand_guild},
-    {AtCommand_AgitStart, "@agitstart", 60, atcommand_agitstart},
-    {AtCommand_AgitEnd, "@agitend", 60, atcommand_agitend},
-    {AtCommand_MapExit, "@mapexit", 99, atcommand_mapexit},
-    {AtCommand_IDSearch, "@idsearch", 60, atcommand_idsearch},
-    {AtCommand_MapMove, "@mapmove", 40, atcommand_warp},    // /mm command
-    {AtCommand_Broadcast, "@broadcast", 40, atcommand_broadcast},   // /b and /nb command
-    {AtCommand_LocalBroadcast, "@localbroadcast", 40, atcommand_localbroadcast},    // /lb and /nlb command
-    {AtCommand_RecallAll, "@recallall", 80, atcommand_recallall},
-    {AtCommand_CharSkReset, "@charskreset", 60, atcommand_charskreset},
-    {AtCommand_CharStReset, "@charstreset", 60, atcommand_charstreset},
-    {AtCommand_ReloadItemDB, "@reloaditemdb", 99, atcommand_reloaditemdb},  // admin command
-    {AtCommand_ReloadMobDB, "@reloadmobdb", 99, atcommand_reloadmobdb}, // admin command
-    {AtCommand_ReloadSkillDB, "@reloadskilldb", 99, atcommand_reloadskilldb},   // admin command
-    {AtCommand_ReloadScript, "@reloadscript", 99, atcommand_reloadscript},  // admin command
-    {AtCommand_ReloadGMDB, "@reloadgmdb", 99, atcommand_reloadgmdb},    // admin command
-    {AtCommand_CharReset, "@charreset", 60, atcommand_charreset},
-    {AtCommand_CharModel, "@charmodel", 50, atcommand_charmodel},
-    {AtCommand_CharSKPoint, "@charskpoint", 60, atcommand_charskpoint},
-    {AtCommand_CharSTPoint, "@charstpoint", 60, atcommand_charstpoint},
-    {AtCommand_CharZeny, "@charzeny", 60, atcommand_charzeny},
-    {AtCommand_MapInfo, "@mapinfo", 99, atcommand_mapinfo},
-    {AtCommand_Dye, "@dye", 40, atcommand_dye}, // by fritz
-    {AtCommand_Dye, "@ccolor", 40, atcommand_dye},  // by fritz
-    {AtCommand_HairStyle, "@hairstyle", 40, atcommand_hair_style},  // by fritz
-    {AtCommand_HairColor, "@haircolor", 40, atcommand_hair_color},  // by fritz
-    {AtCommand_AllStats, "@allstats", 60, atcommand_all_stats}, // by fritz
-    {AtCommand_CharChangeSex, "@charchangesex", 60, atcommand_char_change_sex}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharBlock, "@block", 60, atcommand_char_block},  // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharUnBlock, "@unblock", 60, atcommand_char_unblock},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharBan, "@ban", 60, atcommand_char_ban},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharUnBan, "@unban", 60, atcommand_char_unban},  // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_MountPeco, "@mountpeco", 20, atcommand_mount_peco},  // by Valaris
-    {AtCommand_CharMountPeco, "@charmountpeco", 50, atcommand_char_mount_peco}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_GuildSpy, "@guildspy", 60, atcommand_guildspy},  // [Syrus22]
-    {AtCommand_PartySpy, "@partyspy", 60, atcommand_partyspy},  // [Syrus22]
-    {AtCommand_GuildRecall, "@guildrecall", 60, atcommand_guildrecall}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_PartyRecall, "@partyrecall", 60, atcommand_partyrecall}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Enablenpc, "@enablenpc", 80, atcommand_enablenpc},   // []
-    {AtCommand_Disablenpc, "@disablenpc", 80, atcommand_disablenpc},    // []
-    {AtCommand_ServerTime, "@servertime", 0, atcommand_servertime}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharDelItem, "@chardelitem", 60, atcommand_chardelitem}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_ListNearby, "@listnearby", 40, atcommand_list_nearby},   // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Jail, "@jail", 60, atcommand_jail},  // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_UnJail, "@unjail", 60, atcommand_unjail},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Disguise, "@disguise", 20, atcommand_disguise},  // [Valaris]
-    {AtCommand_UnDisguise, "@undisguise", 20, atcommand_undisguise},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_IgnoreList, "@ignorelist", 0, atcommand_ignorelist}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharIgnoreList, "@charignorelist", 20, atcommand_charignorelist},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_IgnoreList, "@inall", 20, atcommand_inall},  // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_ExAll, "@exall", 20, atcommand_exall},   // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_CharDisguise, "@chardisguise", 60, atcommand_chardisguise},  // Kalaspuff
-    {AtCommand_CharUnDisguise, "@charundisguise", 60, atcommand_charundisguise},    // Kalaspuff
-    {AtCommand_EMail, "@email", 0, atcommand_email},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Effect, "@effect", 40, atcommand_effect},    // by Apple
-    {AtCommand_Char_Item_List, "@charitemlist", 40, atcommand_character_item_list}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Char_Storage_List, "@charstoragelist", 40, atcommand_character_storage_list},    // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Char_Cart_List, "@charcartlist", 40, atcommand_character_cart_list}, // by Yor
-    {AtCommand_Follow, "@follow", 10, atcommand_follow},    // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_AddWarp, "@addwarp", 20, atcommand_addwarp}, // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_SkillOn, "@skillon", 20, atcommand_skillon}, // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_SkillOff, "@skilloff", 20, atcommand_skilloff},  // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Killer, "@killer", 60, atcommand_killer},    // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_NpcMove, "@npcmove", 20, atcommand_npcmove}, // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Killable, "@killable", 40, atcommand_killable},  // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_CharKillable, "@charkillable", 40, atcommand_charkillable},  // by MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Chareffect, "@chareffect", 40, atcommand_chareffect},    // MouseJstr
-    //{ AtCommand_Chardye,  "@chardye",  40, atcommand_chardye }, // MouseJstr
-    //{ AtCommand_Charhairstyle,  "@charhairstyle",  40, atcommand_charhairstyle }, // MouseJstr
-    //{ AtCommand_Charhaircolor,  "@charhaircolor",  40, atcommand_charhaircolor }, // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Dropall, "@dropall", 40, atcommand_dropall}, // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Chardropall, "@chardropall", 40, atcommand_chardropall}, // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Storeall, "@storeall", 40, atcommand_storeall},  // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Charstoreall, "@charstoreall", 40, atcommand_charstoreall},  // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Skillid, "@skillid", 40, atcommand_skillid}, // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Useskill, "@useskill", 40, atcommand_useskill},  // MouseJstr
-    {AtCommand_Rain, "@rain", 99, atcommand_rain},
-    {AtCommand_Snow, "@snow", 99, atcommand_snow},
-    {AtCommand_Sakura, "@sakura", 99, atcommand_sakura},
-    {AtCommand_Fog, "@fog", 99, atcommand_fog},
-    {AtCommand_Leaves, "@leaves", 99, atcommand_leaves},
-    //{ AtCommand_Shuffle,         "@shuffle",  99, atcommand_shuffle },
-    //{ AtCommand_Maintenance, "@maintenance", 99, atcommand_maintenance },
-    //{ AtCommand_Misceffect,    "@misceffect", 60, atcommand_misceffect },
-    {AtCommand_Summon, "@summon", 60, atcommand_summon},
-    {AtCommand_AdjGmLvl, "@adjgmlvl", 99, atcommand_adjgmlvl},
-    {AtCommand_AdjCmdLvl, "@adjcmdlvl", 99, atcommand_adjcmdlvl},
-    {AtCommand_Trade, "@trade", 60, atcommand_trade},
-    {AtCommand_UnMute, "@unmute", 60, atcommand_unmute},    // [Valaris]
-    {AtCommand_UnMute, "@charwipe", 60, atcommand_char_wipe},   // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_SetMagic, "@setmagic", 99, atcommand_set_magic}, // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_MagicInfo, "@magicinfo", 60, atcommand_magic_info},  // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Log, "@log", 60, atcommand_log}, // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Log, "@l", 60, atcommand_log},   // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Tee, "@tee", 60, atcommand_tee}, // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Tee, "@t", 60, atcommand_tee},   // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Invisible, "@invisible", 60, atcommand_invisible},   // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Visible, "@visible", 60, atcommand_visible}, // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_IterateForward, "@hugo", 60, atcommand_iterate_forward_over_players},    // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_IterateBackward, "@linus", 60, atcommand_iterate_backwards_over_players},    // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_IterateBackward, "@sp-info", 40, atcommand_skillpool_info},  // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_IterateBackward, "@sp-focus", 80, atcommand_skillpool_focus},    // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_IterateBackward, "@sp-unfocus", 80, atcommand_skillpool_unfocus},    // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_IterateBackward, "@skill-learn", 80, atcommand_skill_learn}, // [Fate]
-    {AtCommand_Wgm, "@wgm", 0, atcommand_wgm},
-    {AtCommand_IpCheck, "@ipcheck", 60, atcommand_ipcheck},
-    {AtCommand_DoomSpot, "@doomspot", 60, atcommand_doomspot},
+static
+AtCommandInfo atcommand_info[] = {
+    {"@setup", 40, atcommand_setup},
+    {"@charwarp", 60, atcommand_charwarp},
+    {"@warp", 40, atcommand_warp},
+    {"@where", 1, atcommand_where},
+    {"@goto", 20, atcommand_goto},
+    {"@jump", 40, atcommand_jump},
+    {"@who", 20, atcommand_who},
+    {"@whogroup", 20, atcommand_whogroup},
+    {"@whomap", 20, atcommand_whomap},
+    {"@whomapgroup", 20, atcommand_whomapgroup},
+    {"@whogm", 20, atcommand_whogm},   // by Yor
+    {"@save", 40, atcommand_save},
+    {"@return", 40, atcommand_load},
+    {"@load", 40, atcommand_load},
+    {"@speed", 40, atcommand_speed},
+    {"@storage", 1, atcommand_storage},
+    {"@option", 40, atcommand_option},
+    {"@hide", 40, atcommand_hide},  // + /hide
+    {"@die", 1, atcommand_die},
+    {"@kill", 60, atcommand_kill},
+    {"@alive", 60, atcommand_alive},
+    {"@kami", 40, atcommand_kami},
+    {"@heal", 40, atcommand_heal},
+    {"@item", 60, atcommand_item},
+    {"@itemreset", 40, atcommand_itemreset},
+    {"@itemcheck", 60, atcommand_itemcheck},
+    {"@blvl", 60, atcommand_baselevelup},
+    {"@jlvl", 60, atcommand_joblevelup},
+    {"@help", 20, atcommand_help},
+    {"@gm", 100, atcommand_gm},
+    {"@pvpoff", 40, atcommand_pvpoff},
+    {"@pvpon", 40, atcommand_pvpon},
+    {"@model", 20, atcommand_model},
+    {"@spawn", 50, atcommand_spawn},
+    {"@killmonster", 60, atcommand_killmonster},
+    {"@killmonster2", 40, atcommand_killmonster2},
+    {"@gat", 99, atcommand_gat}, // debug function
+    {"@packet", 99, atcommand_packet},    // debug function
+    {"@stpoint", 60, atcommand_statuspoint},
+    {"@skpoint", 60, atcommand_skillpoint},
+    {"@zeny", 60, atcommand_zeny},
+    {"@str", 60, atcommand_param<ATTR::STR>},
+    {"@agi", 60, atcommand_param<ATTR::AGI>},
+    {"@vit", 60, atcommand_param<ATTR::VIT>},
+    {"@int", 60, atcommand_param<ATTR::INT>},
+    {"@dex", 60, atcommand_param<ATTR::DEX>},
+    {"@luk", 60, atcommand_param<ATTR::LUK>},
+    {"@recall", 60, atcommand_recall},    // + /recall
+    {"@revive", 60, atcommand_revive},
+    {"@charstats", 40, atcommand_character_stats},
+    {"@charstatsall", 40, atcommand_character_stats_all},
+    {"@charoption", 60, atcommand_character_option},
+    {"@charsave", 60, atcommand_character_save},
+    {"@doom", 80, atcommand_doom},
+    {"@doommap", 80, atcommand_doommap},
+    {"@raise", 80, atcommand_raise},
+    {"@raisemap", 80, atcommand_raisemap},
+    {"@charbaselvl", 60, atcommand_character_baselevel},
+    {"@charjlvl", 60, atcommand_character_joblevel},
+    {"@kick", 20, atcommand_kick},  // + right click menu for GM "(name) force to quit"
+    {"@kickall", 99, atcommand_kickall},
+    {"@questskill", 40, atcommand_questskill},
+    {"@charquestskill", 60, atcommand_charquestskill},
+    {"@lostskill", 40, atcommand_lostskill},
+    {"@charlostskill", 60, atcommand_charlostskill},
+    {"@party", 1, atcommand_party},
+    {"@mapexit", 99, atcommand_mapexit},
+    {"@idsearch", 60, atcommand_idsearch},
+    {"@mapmove", 40, atcommand_warp},    // /mm command
+    {"@broadcast", 40, atcommand_broadcast},   // /b and /nb command
+    {"@localbroadcast", 40, atcommand_localbroadcast},    // /lb and /nlb command
+    {"@recallall", 80, atcommand_recallall},
+    {"@charskreset", 60, atcommand_charskreset},
+    {"@charstreset", 60, atcommand_charstreset},
+    {"@reloaditemdb", 99, atcommand_reloaditemdb},  // admin command
+    {"@reloadmobdb", 99, atcommand_reloadmobdb}, // admin command
+    {"@reloadskilldb", 99, atcommand_reloadskilldb},   // admin command
+    {"@reloadscript", 99, atcommand_reloadscript},  // admin command
+    {"@reloadgmdb", 99, atcommand_reloadgmdb},    // admin command
+    {"@charreset", 60, atcommand_charreset},
+    {"@charmodel", 50, atcommand_charmodel},
+    {"@charskpoint", 60, atcommand_charskpoint},
+    {"@charstpoint", 60, atcommand_charstpoint},
+    {"@charzeny", 60, atcommand_charzeny},
+    {"@mapinfo", 99, atcommand_mapinfo},
+    {"@dye", 40, atcommand_dye}, // by fritz
+    {"@ccolor", 40, atcommand_dye},  // by fritz
+    {"@hairstyle", 40, atcommand_hair_style},  // by fritz
+    {"@haircolor", 40, atcommand_hair_color},  // by fritz
+    {"@allstats", 60, atcommand_all_stats}, // by fritz
+    {"@charchangesex", 60, atcommand_char_change_sex}, // by Yor
+    {"@block", 60, atcommand_char_block},  // by Yor
+    {"@unblock", 60, atcommand_char_unblock},    // by Yor
+    {"@ban", 60, atcommand_char_ban},    // by Yor
+    {"@unban", 60, atcommand_char_unban},  // by Yor
+    {"@partyspy", 60, atcommand_partyspy},  // [Syrus22]
+    {"@partyrecall", 60, atcommand_partyrecall}, // by Yor
+    {"@enablenpc", 80, atcommand_enablenpc},   // []
+    {"@disablenpc", 80, atcommand_disablenpc},    // []
+    {"@servertime", 0, atcommand_servertime}, // by Yor
+    {"@chardelitem", 60, atcommand_chardelitem}, // by Yor
+    {"@listnearby", 40, atcommand_list_nearby},   // by Yor
+    {"@ignorelist", 0, atcommand_ignorelist}, // by Yor
+    {"@charignorelist", 20, atcommand_charignorelist},    // by Yor
+    {"@inall", 20, atcommand_inall},  // by Yor
+    {"@exall", 20, atcommand_exall},   // by Yor
+    {"@email", 0, atcommand_email},    // by Yor
+    {"@effect", 40, atcommand_effect},    // by Apple
+    {"@charitemlist", 40, atcommand_character_item_list}, // by Yor
+    {"@charstoragelist", 40, atcommand_character_storage_list},    // by Yor
+    {"@charcartlist", 40, atcommand_character_cart_list}, // by Yor
+    {"@addwarp", 20, atcommand_addwarp}, // by MouseJstr
+    {"@killer", 60, atcommand_killer},    // by MouseJstr
+    {"@npcmove", 20, atcommand_npcmove}, // by MouseJstr
+    {"@killable", 40, atcommand_killable},  // by MouseJstr
+    {"@charkillable", 40, atcommand_charkillable},  // by MouseJstr
+    {"@chareffect", 40, atcommand_chareffect},    // MouseJstr
+    {"@dropall", 40, atcommand_dropall}, // MouseJstr
+    {"@chardropall", 40, atcommand_chardropall}, // MouseJstr
+    {"@storeall", 40, atcommand_storeall},  // MouseJstr
+    {"@charstoreall", 40, atcommand_charstoreall},  // MouseJstr
+    {"@rain", 99, atcommand_rain},
+    {"@snow", 99, atcommand_snow},
+    {"@sakura", 99, atcommand_sakura},
+    {"@fog", 99, atcommand_fog},
+    {"@leaves", 99, atcommand_leaves},
+    {"@summon", 60, atcommand_summon},
+    {"@adjgmlvl", 99, atcommand_adjgmlvl},
+    {"@adjcmdlvl", 99, atcommand_adjcmdlvl},
+    {"@trade", 60, atcommand_trade},
+    {"@charwipe", 60, atcommand_char_wipe},   // [Fate]
+    {"@setmagic", 99, atcommand_set_magic}, // [Fate]
+    {"@magicinfo", 60, atcommand_magic_info},  // [Fate]
+    {"@log", 60, atcommand_log}, // [Fate]
+    {"@l", 60, atcommand_log},   // [Fate]
+    {"@tee", 60, atcommand_tee}, // [Fate]
+    {"@t", 60, atcommand_tee},   // [Fate]
+    {"@invisible", 60, atcommand_invisible},   // [Fate]
+    {"@visible", 60, atcommand_visible}, // [Fate]
+    {"@hugo", 60, atcommand_iterate_forward_over_players},    // [Fate]
+    {"@linus", 60, atcommand_iterate_backwards_over_players},    // [Fate]
+    {"@sp-info", 40, atcommand_skillpool_info},  // [Fate]
+    {"@sp-focus", 80, atcommand_skillpool_focus},    // [Fate]
+    {"@sp-unfocus", 80, atcommand_skillpool_unfocus},    // [Fate]
+    {"@skill-learn", 80, atcommand_skill_learn}, // [Fate]
+    {"@wgm", 0, atcommand_wgm},
+    {"@ipcheck", 60, atcommand_ipcheck},
+    {"@doomspot", 60, atcommand_doomspot},
 
 // add new commands before this line
-    {AtCommand_Unknown, NULL, 1, NULL}
+    {NULL, 1, NULL}
 };
 
-/*====================================================
- * This function return the name of the job (by [Yor])
- *----------------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-const char *job_name (int pc_class)
-{
-    switch (pc_class)
-    {
-        case 0:
-            return "Novice";
-        case 1:
-            return "Swordsman";
-        case 2:
-            return "Mage";
-        case 3:
-            return "Archer";
-        case 4:
-            return "Acolyte";
-        case 5:
-            return "Merchant";
-        case 6:
-            return "Thief";
-        case 7:
-            return "Knight";
-        case 8:
-            return "Priest";
-        case 9:
-            return "Wizard";
-        case 10:
-            return "Blacksmith";
-        case 11:
-            return "Hunter";
-        case 12:
-            return "Assassin";
-        case 13:
-            return "Knight 2";
-        case 14:
-            return "Crusader";
-        case 15:
-            return "Monk";
-        case 16:
-            return "Sage";
-        case 17:
-            return "Rogue";
-        case 18:
-            return "Alchemist";
-        case 19:
-            return "Bard";
-        case 20:
-            return "Dancer";
-        case 21:
-            return "Crusader 2";
-        case 22:
-            return "Wedding";
-        case 23:
-            return "Super Novice";
-        case 4001:
-            return "Novice High";
-        case 4002:
-            return "Swordsman High";
-        case 4003:
-            return "Mage High";
-        case 4004:
-            return "Archer High";
-        case 4005:
-            return "Acolyte High";
-        case 4006:
-            return "Merchant High";
-        case 4007:
-            return "Thief High";
-        case 4008:
-            return "Lord Knight";
-        case 4009:
-            return "High Priest";
-        case 4010:
-            return "High Wizard";
-        case 4011:
-            return "Whitesmith";
-        case 4012:
-            return "Sniper";
-        case 4013:
-            return "Assassin Cross";
-        case 4014:
-            return "Peko Knight";
-        case 4015:
-            return "Paladin";
-        case 4016:
-            return "Champion";
-        case 4017:
-            return "Professor";
-        case 4018:
-            return "Stalker";
-        case 4019:
-            return "Creator";
-        case 4020:
-            return "Clown";
-        case 4021:
-            return "Gypsy";
-        case 4022:
-            return "Peko Paladin";
-        case 4023:
-            return "Baby Novice";
-        case 4024:
-            return "Baby Swordsman";
-        case 4025:
-            return "Baby Mage";
-        case 4026:
-            return "Baby Archer";
-        case 4027:
-            return "Baby Acolyte";
-        case 4028:
-            return "Baby Merchant";
-        case 4029:
-            return "Baby Thief";
-        case 4030:
-            return "Baby Knight";
-        case 4031:
-            return "Baby Priest";
-        case 4032:
-            return "Baby Wizard";
-        case 4033:
-            return "Baby Blacksmith";
-        case 4034:
-            return "Baby Hunter";
-        case 4035:
-            return "Baby Assassin";
-        case 4036:
-            return "Baby Peco Knight";
-        case 4037:
-            return "Baby Crusader";
-        case 4038:
-            return "Baby Monk";
-        case 4039:
-            return "Baby Sage";
-        case 4040:
-            return "Baby Rogue";
-        case 4041:
-            return "Baby Alchemist";
-        case 4042:
-            return "Baby Bard";
-        case 4043:
-            return "Baby Dancer";
-        case 4044:
-            return "Baby Peco Crusader";
-        case 4045:
-            return "Super Baby";
-    }
-    return "Unknown Job";
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * get_atcommand_level @コマンド�必�レベルを�得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int get_atcommand_level (const AtCommandType type)
+static
+int get_atcommand_level(const AtCommandInfo *type)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; atcommand_info[i].type != AtCommand_None; i++)
-        if (atcommand_info[i].type == type)
-            return atcommand_info[i].level;
+    if (type)
+        return type->level;
 
     return 100;                 // 100: command can not be used
 }
 
+static
+FILE *get_gm_log();
+
 /*========================================
  * At-command logging
  */
-void log_atcommand (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *fmt, ...)
+void log_atcommand(struct map_session_data *sd, const_string cmd)
 {
-    char message[512];
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-    vsnprintf (message, 511, fmt, ap);
-    va_end (ap);
-
-    gm_log ("%s(%d,%d) %s(%d) : %s", map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x,
-                sd->bl.y, sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id, message);
+    FILE *fp = get_gm_log();
+    if (!fp)
+        return;
+    timestamp_seconds_buffer tmpstr;
+    stamp_time(tmpstr);
+    fprintf(fp, "[%s] %s(%d,%d) %s(%d) : ",
+            tmpstr,
+            map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
+            sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id);
+    fwrite(cmd.data(), 1, cmd.size(), fp);
 }
 
 char *gm_logfile_name = NULL;
@@ -603,202 +381,157 @@ char *gm_logfile_name = NULL;
  * Log a timestamped line to GM log file
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void gm_log (const char *fmt, ...)
+FILE *get_gm_log()
 {
-    static int last_logfile_nr = 0;
-    static FILE *gm_logfile = NULL;
-    time_t time_v;
-    struct tm ctime;
-    int  month, year, logfile_nr;
-    char message[512];
-    va_list ap;
-
     if (!gm_logfile_name)
-        return;
+        return NULL;
 
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-    vsnprintf (message, 511, fmt, ap);
-    va_end (ap);
+    struct tm ctime = TimeT::now();
 
-    time (&time_v);
-    gmtime_r (&time_v, &ctime);
+    int year = ctime.tm_year + 1900;
+    int month = ctime.tm_mon + 1;
+    int logfile_nr = (year * 12) + month;
 
-    year = ctime.tm_year + 1900;
-    month = ctime.tm_mon + 1;
-    logfile_nr = (year * 12) + month;
+    static FILE *gm_logfile = NULL;
+    static int last_logfile_nr = 0;
+    if (logfile_nr == last_logfile_nr)
+        return gm_logfile;
+    last_logfile_nr = logfile_nr;
 
-    if (logfile_nr != last_logfile_nr)
-    {
-        char *fullname = (char *)malloc (strlen (gm_logfile_name) + 10);
-        sprintf (fullname, "%s.%04d-%02d", gm_logfile_name, year, month);
+    std::string fullname = STRPRINTF("%s.%04d-%02d",
+            gm_logfile_name, year, month);
 
-        if (gm_logfile)
-            fclose_ (gm_logfile);
+    if (gm_logfile)
+        fclose_(gm_logfile);
 
-        gm_logfile = fopen_ (fullname, "a");
-        free (fullname);
+    gm_logfile = fopen_(fullname.c_str(), "a");
 
-        if (!gm_logfile)
-        {
-            perror ("GM log file");
-            gm_logfile_name = NULL;
-        }
-        last_logfile_nr = logfile_nr;
+    if (!gm_logfile)
+    {
+        perror("GM log file");
+        gm_logfile_name = NULL;
     }
-
-    fprintf (gm_logfile, "[%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d] %s\n",
-             year, month, ctime.tm_mday, ctime.tm_hour,
-             ctime.tm_min, ctime.tm_sec, message);
-
-    fflush (gm_logfile);
+    return gm_logfile;
 }
 
+static
+AtCommandInfo *atcommand(const int level, const char *message);
 /*==========================================
  *is_atcommand @コマンド�存在�る����確��る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-AtCommandType
-is_atcommand (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message,
-              int gmlvl)
+bool is_atcommand(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+        const char *message, int gmlvl)
 {
-    AtCommandInfo info;
-    AtCommandType type;
+    nullpo_retr(false, sd);
 
-    nullpo_retr (AtCommand_None, sd);
+    if (!message || message[0] != '@')
+        return false;
 
-    if (!message || !*message)
-        return AtCommand_None;
+    AtCommandInfo *info = atcommand(gmlvl > 0 ? gmlvl : pc_isGM(sd), message);
 
-    memset (&info, 0, sizeof (info));
+    if (!info)
+    {
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("GM command not found: %s",
+                message);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        return true; // don't show in chat
+    }
 
-    type = atcommand (gmlvl > 0 ? gmlvl : pc_isGM (sd), message, &info);
-    if (type != AtCommand_None)
     {
         char command[100];
-        char output[200];
         const char *str = message;
         const char *p = message;
-        memset (command, '\0', sizeof (command));
-        memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-        while (*p && !isspace (*p))
+        memset(command, '\0', sizeof(command));
+        while (*p && !isspace(*p))
             p++;
-        if (p - str >= sizeof (command))    // too long
-            return AtCommand_Unknown;
-        strncpy (command, str, p - str);
-        while (isspace (*p))
+        if (p - str >= sizeof(command))    // too long
+            return true;
+        strncpy(command, str, p - str);
+        while (isspace(*p))
             p++;
 
-        if (type == AtCommand_Unknown || info.proc == NULL)
         {
-            sprintf (output, "%s is Unknown Command.", command);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (info.proc (fd, sd, command, p) != 0)
+            if (info->proc(fd, sd, command, p) != 0)
             {
                 // Command can not be executed
-                sprintf (output, "%s failed.", command);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF("%s failed.", command);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
             else
             {
-                if (get_atcommand_level (type) != 0)    // Don't log level 0 commands
-                    log_atcommand (sd, "%s %s", command, p);
+                if (get_atcommand_level(info) != 0)    // Don't log level 0 commands
+                    log_atcommand(sd, message);
             }
         }
 
-        return info.type;
+        return true;
     }
-
-    return AtCommand_None;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-AtCommandType atcommand (const int level, const char *message,
-                         struct AtCommandInfo * info)
+AtCommandInfo *atcommand(const int level, const char *message)
 {
-    char *p = (char *) message; // it's 'char' and not 'const char' to have possibility to modify the first character if necessary
+    const char *p = message;
 
-    if (!info)
-        return AtCommand_None;
     if (battle_config.atc_gmonly != 0 && !level)    // level = pc_isGM(sd)
-        return AtCommand_None;
+        return nullptr;
     if (!p || !*p)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "at command message is empty\n");
-        return AtCommand_None;
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "at command message is empty\n");
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (*p == command_symbol)
+    if (*p == '@')
     {                           // check first char.
         char command[101];
-        int  i = 0;
-        memset (info, 0, sizeof (AtCommandInfo));
-        sscanf (p, "%100s", command);
-        command[sizeof (command) - 1] = '\0';
+        int i = 0;
+        sscanf(p, "%100s", command);
+        command[sizeof(command) - 1] = '\0';
 
-        while (atcommand_info[i].type != AtCommand_Unknown)
+        while (atcommand_info[i].command)
         {
-            if (strcasecmp (command + 1, atcommand_info[i].command + 1) == 0
+            if (strcasecmp(command, atcommand_info[i].command) == 0
                 && level >= atcommand_info[i].level)
             {
-                p[0] = atcommand_info[i].command[0];    // set correct first symbol for after.
-                break;
+                return &atcommand_info[i];
             }
             i++;
         }
-
-        if (atcommand_info[i].type == AtCommand_Unknown)
-        {
-            // doesn't return Unknown if player is normal player (display the text, not display: unknown command)
-            if (level == 0)
-                return AtCommand_None;
-            else
-                return AtCommand_Unknown;
-        }
-        memcpy (info, &atcommand_info[i], sizeof atcommand_info[i]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return AtCommand_None;
     }
-
-    return info->type;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int atkillmonster_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void atkillmonster_sub(struct block_list *bl, int flag)
 {
-    int  flag = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
     if (flag)
-        mob_damage (NULL, (struct mob_data *) bl,
+        mob_damage(NULL, (struct mob_data *) bl,
                     ((struct mob_data *) bl)->hp, 2);
     else
-        mob_delete ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-
-    return 0;
+        mob_delete((struct mob_data *) bl);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static AtCommandInfo *get_atcommandinfo_byname (const char *name)
+static
+AtCommandInfo *get_atcommandinfo_byname(const char *name)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; atcommand_info[i].type != AtCommand_Unknown; i++)
-        if (strcasecmp (atcommand_info[i].command + 1, name) == 0)
+    for (i = 0; atcommand_info[i].command; i++)
+        if (strcasecmp(atcommand_info[i].command + 1, name) == 0)
             return &atcommand_info[i];
 
     return NULL;
@@ -808,42 +541,39 @@ static AtCommandInfo *get_atcommandinfo_byname (const char *name)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int atcommand_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
     char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
     AtCommandInfo *p;
     FILE *fp;
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r")) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = fopen_(cfgName, "r")) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("At commands configuration file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
+        PRINTF("At commands configuration file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line) - 1, fp))
     {
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
             continue;
 
-        if (sscanf (line, "%1023[^:]:%1023s", w1, w2) != 2)
+        if (sscanf(line, "%1023[^:]:%1023s", w1, w2) != 2)
             continue;
-        p = get_atcommandinfo_byname (w1);
+        p = get_atcommandinfo_byname(w1);
         if (p != NULL)
         {
-            p->level = atoi (w2);
+            p->level = atoi(w2);
             if (p->level > 100)
                 p->level = 100;
             else if (p->level < 0)
                 p->level = 0;
         }
 
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
-            atcommand_config_read (w2);
-        else if (strcasecmp (w1, "command_symbol") == 0 && w2[0] > 31 && w2[0] != '/' &&   // symbol of standard ragnarok GM commands
-                 w2[0] != '%')  // symbol of party chat speaking
-            command_symbol = w2[0];
+        if (strcasecmp(w1, "import") == 0)
+            atcommand_config_read(w2);
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
+    fclose_(fp);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -858,43 +588,43 @@ int atcommand_config_read (const char *cfgName)
  * TAW Specific
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_setup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_setup(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char buf[256];
     char character[100];
-    int  level = 1;
+    int level = 1;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &level, character) < 2)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &level, character) < 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Usage: @setup <level> <char name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @setup <level> <char name>");
         return -1;
     }
     level--;
 
-    snprintf (buf, 255, "-255 %s", character);
-    atcommand_character_baselevel (fd, sd, "@charbaselvl", buf);
+    std::string buf;
+    buf = STRPRINTF("-255 %s", character);
+    atcommand_character_baselevel(fd, sd, "@charbaselvl", buf.c_str());
 
-    snprintf (buf, 255, "%d %s", level, character);
-    atcommand_character_baselevel (fd, sd, "@charbaselvl", buf);
+    buf = STRPRINTF("%d %s", level, character);
+    atcommand_character_baselevel(fd, sd, "@charbaselvl", buf.c_str());
 
     // Emote skill
-    snprintf (buf, 255, "1 1 %s", character);
-    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, "@skill-learn", buf);
+    buf = STRPRINTF("1 1 %s", character);
+    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, "@skill-learn", buf.c_str());
 
     // Trade skill
-    snprintf (buf, 255, "2 1 %s", character);
-    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, "@skill-learn", buf);
+    buf = STRPRINTF("2 1 %s", character);
+    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, "@skill-learn", buf.c_str());
 
     // Party skill
-    snprintf (buf, 255, "2 2 %s", character);
-    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, "@skill-learn", buf);
+    STRPRINTF("2 2 %s", character);
+    atcommand_skill_learn(fd, sd, "@skill-learn", buf.c_str());
 
-    snprintf (buf, 255, "018-1.gat 24 98 %s", character);
-    atcommand_charwarp (fd, sd, "@charwarp", buf);
+    STRPRINTF("018-1.gat 24 98 %s", character);
+    atcommand_charwarp(fd, sd, "@charwarp", buf.c_str());
 
     return (0);
 
@@ -904,81 +634,81 @@ int atcommand_setup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @rura+
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charwarp (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charwarp(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char map_name[100];
     char character[100];
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  m;
+    int m;
 
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %d %d %99[^\n]", map_name, &x, &y,
+        || sscanf(message, "%99s %d %d %99[^\n]", map_name, &x, &y,
                    character) < 4)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Usage: @charwarp/@rura+ <mapname> <x> <y> <char name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (x <= 0)
-        x = MRAND (399) + 1;
+        x = random_::in(1, 399);
     if (y <= 0)
-        y = MRAND (399) + 1;
-    if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-        strcat (map_name, ".gat");
+        y = random_::in(1, 399);
+    if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+        strcat(map_name, ".gat");
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can rura+ only lower or same GM level
             if (x > 0 && x < 800 && y > 0 && y < 800)
             {
-                m = map_mapname2mapid (map_name);
+                m = map_mapname2mapid(map_name);
                 if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.nowarpto
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                          "You are not authorised to warp someone to this map.");
                     return -1;
                 }
                 if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                          "You are not authorised to warp this player from its actual map.");
                     return -1;
                 }
-                if (pc_setpos (pl_sd, map_name, x, y, 3) == 0)
+                if (pc_setpos(pl_sd, map_name, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED) == 0)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "Warped.");
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Player warped (message sends to player too).");
+                    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "Warped.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Player warped (message sends to player too).");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
                     return -1;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -989,59 +719,59 @@ int atcommand_charwarp (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_warp (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_warp(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char map_name[100];
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
-    int  m;
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
+    int m;
 
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %d %d", map_name, &x, &y) < 1)
+        || sscanf(message, "%99s %d %d", map_name, &x, &y) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a map (usage: @warp <mapname> <x> <y>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (x <= 0)
-        x = MRAND (399) + 1;
+        x = random_::in(1, 399);
     if (y <= 0)
-        y = MRAND (399) + 1;
+        y = random_::in(1, 399);
 
-    if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-        strcat (map_name, ".gat");
+    if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+        strcat(map_name, ".gat");
 
     if (x > 0 && x < 800 && y > 0 && y < 800)
     {
-        m = map_mapname2mapid (map_name);
+        m = map_mapname2mapid(map_name);
         if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.nowarpto
-            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "You are not authorised to warp you to this map.");
             return -1;
         }
         if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
             return -1;
         }
-        if (pc_setpos (sd, map_name, x, y, 3) == 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Warped.");
+        if (pc_setpos(sd, map_name, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED) == 0)
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Warped.");
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1052,31 +782,30 @@ int atcommand_warp (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_where (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_where(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
-        strcpy (character, sd->status.name);
+    if (sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+        strcpy(character, sd->status.name);
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL &&
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL &&
         !((battle_config.hide_GM_session
-           || (pl_sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE))
-          && (pc_isGM (pl_sd) > pc_isGM (sd))))
+           || bool(pl_sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
+          && (pc_isGM(pl_sd) > pc_isGM(sd))))
     {                           // you can look only lower or same level
-        sprintf (output, "%s: %s (%d,%d)", pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
-                 pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("%s: %s (%d,%d)",
+                pl_sd->status.name,
+                pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1087,46 +816,44 @@ int atcommand_where (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_goto (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_goto(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @jumpto/@warpto/@goto <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "You are not authorised to warp you to the map of this player.");
             return -1;
         }
         if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
             return -1;
         }
-        pc_setpos (sd, pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y, 3);
-        sprintf (output, "Jump to %s", character);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        pc_setpos(sd, pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("Jump to %s", character);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1137,43 +864,39 @@ int atcommand_goto (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_jump (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_jump(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    sscanf (message, "%d %d", &x, &y);
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
+    sscanf(message, "%d %d", &x, &y);
 
     if (x <= 0)
-        x = MRAND (399) + 1;
+        x = random_::in(1, 399);
     if (y <= 0)
-        y = MRAND (399) + 1;
+        y = random_::in(1, 399);
     if (x > 0 && x < 800 && y > 0 && y < 800)
     {
         if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "You are not authorised to warp you to your actual map.");
             return -1;
         }
         if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+            && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
             return -1;
         }
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->mapname, x, y, 3);
-        sprintf (output, "Jump to %d %d", x, y);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        pc_setpos(sd, sd->mapname, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("Jump to %d %d", x, y);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Coordinates out of range.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1184,53 +907,54 @@ int atcommand_jump (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_who (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_who(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i, j, count;
-    int  pl_GM_level, GM_level;
+    int i, j, count;
+    int pl_GM_level, GM_level;
     char match_text[100];
     char player_name[24];
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (match_text, '\0', sizeof (match_text));
-    memset (player_name, '\0', sizeof (player_name));
+    memset(match_text, '\0', sizeof(match_text));
+    memset(player_name, '\0', sizeof(player_name));
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", match_text) < 1)
-        strcpy (match_text, "");
+    if (sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", match_text) < 1)
+        strcpy(match_text, "");
     for (j = 0; match_text[j]; j++)
-        match_text[j] = tolower (match_text[j]);
+        match_text[j] = tolower(match_text[j]);
 
     count = 0;
-    GM_level = pc_isGM (sd);
+    GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM (pl_sd);
+            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
             if (!
                 ((battle_config.hide_GM_session
-                  || (pl_sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE))
+                  || bool(pl_sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
                  && (pl_GM_level > GM_level)))
             {                   // you can look only lower or same level
-                memcpy (player_name, pl_sd->status.name, 24);
+                memcpy(player_name, pl_sd->status.name, 24);
                 for (j = 0; player_name[j]; j++)
-                    player_name[j] = tolower (player_name[j]);
-                if (strstr (player_name, match_text) != NULL)
-                {               // search with no case sensitive
+                    player_name[j] = tolower(player_name[j]);
+                if (strstr(player_name, match_text) != NULL)
+                {
+                    // search with no case sensitive
+                    std::string output;
                     if (pl_GM_level > 0)
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
-                                 pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
+                                pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
                     else
-                        sprintf (output, "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
-                                 pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
+                                pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
@@ -1238,13 +962,13 @@ int atcommand_who (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "No player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No player found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "1 player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 player found.");
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output, "%d players found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d players found.", count);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -1254,69 +978,50 @@ int atcommand_who (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_whogroup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_whogroup(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char temp0[100];
-    char temp1[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i, j, count;
-    int  pl_GM_level, GM_level;
+    int i, j, count;
+    int pl_GM_level, GM_level;
     char match_text[100];
     char player_name[24];
-    struct guild *g;
     struct party *p;
 
-    memset (temp0, '\0', sizeof (temp0));
-    memset (temp1, '\0', sizeof (temp1));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (match_text, '\0', sizeof (match_text));
-    memset (player_name, '\0', sizeof (player_name));
+    memset(match_text, '\0', sizeof(match_text));
+    memset(player_name, '\0', sizeof(player_name));
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", match_text) < 1)
-        strcpy (match_text, "");
+    if (sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", match_text) < 1)
+        strcpy(match_text, "");
     for (j = 0; match_text[j]; j++)
-        match_text[j] = tolower (match_text[j]);
+        match_text[j] = tolower(match_text[j]);
 
     count = 0;
-    GM_level = pc_isGM (sd);
+    GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM (pl_sd);
+            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
             if (!
                 ((battle_config.hide_GM_session
-                  || (pl_sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE))
+                  || bool(pl_sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
                  && (pl_GM_level > GM_level)))
             {                   // you can look only lower or same level
-                memcpy (player_name, pl_sd->status.name, 24);
+                memcpy(player_name, pl_sd->status.name, 24);
                 for (j = 0; player_name[j]; j++)
-                    player_name[j] = tolower (player_name[j]);
-                if (strstr (player_name, match_text) != NULL)
+                    player_name[j] = tolower(player_name[j]);
+                if (strstr(player_name, match_text) != NULL)
                 {               // search with no case sensitive
-                    g = guild_search (pl_sd->status.guild_id);
-                    if (g == NULL)
-                        sprintf (temp1, "None");
-                    else
-                        sprintf (temp1, "%s", g->name);
-                    p = party_search (pl_sd->status.party_id);
-                    if (p == NULL)
-                        sprintf (temp0, "None");
-                    else
-                        sprintf (temp0, "%s", p->name);
+                    p = party_search(pl_sd->status.party_id);
+                    const char *temp0 = p ? p->name : "None";
+                    std::string output;
                     if (pl_GM_level > 0)
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Party: '%s' | Guild: '%s'",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level, temp0,
-                                 temp1);
-                    else
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s | Party: '%s' | Guild: '%s'",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, temp0, temp1);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Party: '%s'",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level, temp0);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
@@ -1324,13 +1029,13 @@ int atcommand_whogroup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "No player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No player found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "1 player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 player found.");
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output, "%d players found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d players found.", count);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -1340,70 +1045,64 @@ int atcommand_whogroup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_whomap (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_whomap(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i, count;
-    int  pl_GM_level, GM_level;
-    int  map_id;
+    int i, count;
+    int pl_GM_level, GM_level;
+    int map_id;
     char map_name[100];
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         map_id = sd->bl.m;
     else
     {
-        sscanf (message, "%99s", map_name);
-        if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-            strcat (map_name, ".gat");
-        if ((map_id = map_mapname2mapid (map_name)) < 0)
+        sscanf(message, "%99s", map_name);
+        if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+            strcat(map_name, ".gat");
+        if ((map_id = map_mapname2mapid(map_name)) < 0)
             map_id = sd->bl.m;
     }
 
     count = 0;
-    GM_level = pc_isGM (sd);
+    GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM (pl_sd);
+            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
             if (!
                 ((battle_config.hide_GM_session
-                  || (pl_sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE))
+                  || bool(pl_sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
                  && (pl_GM_level > GM_level)))
             {                   // you can look only lower or same level
                 if (pl_sd->bl.m == map_id)
                 {
+                    std::string output;
                     if (pl_GM_level > 0)
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
-                                 pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
+                                pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
                     else
-                        sprintf (output, "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
-                                 pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
+                                pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if (count == 0)
-        sprintf (output, "No player found in map '%s'.", map[map_id].name);
-    else if (count == 1)
-        sprintf (output, "1 player found in map '%s'.", map[map_id].name);
-    else
-    {
-        sprintf (output, "%d players found in map '%s'.", count, map[map_id].name);
-    }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d players found in map '%s'.",
+            count, map[map_id].name);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1412,86 +1111,71 @@ int atcommand_whomap (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_whomapgroup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_whomapgroup(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char temp0[100];
-    char temp1[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i, count;
-    int  pl_GM_level, GM_level;
-    int  map_id = 0;
+    int i, count;
+    int pl_GM_level, GM_level;
+    int map_id = 0;
     char map_name[100];
-    struct guild *g;
     struct party *p;
 
-    memset (temp0, '\0', sizeof (temp0));
-    memset (temp1, '\0', sizeof (temp1));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         map_id = sd->bl.m;
     else
     {
-        sscanf (message, "%99s", map_name);
-        if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-            strcat (map_name, ".gat");
-        if ((map_id = map_mapname2mapid (map_name)) < 0)
+        sscanf(message, "%99s", map_name);
+        if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+            strcat(map_name, ".gat");
+        if ((map_id = map_mapname2mapid(map_name)) < 0)
             map_id = sd->bl.m;
     }
 
     count = 0;
-    GM_level = pc_isGM (sd);
+    GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM (pl_sd);
+            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
             if (!
                 ((battle_config.hide_GM_session
-                  || (pl_sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE))
+                  || bool(pl_sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
                  && (pl_GM_level > GM_level)))
-            {                   // you can look only lower or same level
+            {
+                // you can look only lower or same level
                 if (pl_sd->bl.m == map_id)
                 {
-                    g = guild_search (pl_sd->status.guild_id);
-                    if (g == NULL)
-                        sprintf (temp1, "None");
-                    else
-                        sprintf (temp1, "%s", g->name);
-                    p = party_search (pl_sd->status.party_id);
-                    if (p == NULL)
-                        sprintf (temp0, "None");
-                    else
-                        sprintf (temp0, "%s", p->name);
+                    p = party_search(pl_sd->status.party_id);
+                    const char *temp0 = p ? p->name : "None";
+                    std::string output;
                     if (pl_GM_level > 0)
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Party: '%s' | Guild: '%s'",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level, temp0,
-                                 temp1);
+                        output = STRPRINTF("Name: %s (GM:%d) | Party: '%s'",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level, temp0);
                     else
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s | Party: '%s' | Guild: '%s'",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, temp0, temp1);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        output = STRPRINTF("Name: %s | Party: '%s'",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, temp0);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     count++;
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    std::string output;
     if (count == 0)
-        sprintf (output, "No player found in map '%s'.", map[map_id].name);
+        output = STRPRINTF("No player found in map '%s'.", map[map_id].name);
     else if (count == 1)
-        sprintf (output, "1 player found in map '%s'.", map[map_id].name);
+        output = STRPRINTF("1 player found in map '%s'.", map[map_id].name);
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output, "%d players found in map '%s'.", count, map[map_id].name);
+        output = STRPRINTF("%d players found in map '%s'.", count, map[map_id].name);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1500,75 +1184,64 @@ int atcommand_whomapgroup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_whogm (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_whogm(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char temp0[100];
-    char temp1[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i, j, count;
-    int  pl_GM_level, GM_level;
+    int i, j, count;
+    int pl_GM_level, GM_level;
     char match_text[100];
     char player_name[24];
-    struct guild *g;
     struct party *p;
 
-    memset (temp0, '\0', sizeof (temp0));
-    memset (temp1, '\0', sizeof (temp1));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (match_text, '\0', sizeof (match_text));
-    memset (player_name, '\0', sizeof (player_name));
+    memset(match_text, '\0', sizeof(match_text));
+    memset(player_name, '\0', sizeof(player_name));
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", match_text) < 1)
-        strcpy (match_text, "");
+    if (sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", match_text) < 1)
+        strcpy(match_text, "");
     for (j = 0; match_text[j]; j++)
-        match_text[j] = tolower (match_text[j]);
+        match_text[j] = tolower(match_text[j]);
 
     count = 0;
-    GM_level = pc_isGM (sd);
+    GM_level = pc_isGM(sd);
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM (pl_sd);
+            pl_GM_level = pc_isGM(pl_sd);
             if (pl_GM_level > 0)
             {
                 if (!
                     ((battle_config.hide_GM_session
-                      || (pl_sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE))
+                      || bool(pl_sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
                      && (pl_GM_level > GM_level)))
-                {               // you can look only lower or same level
-                    memcpy (player_name, pl_sd->status.name, 24);
+                {
+                    // you can look only lower or same level
+                    memcpy(player_name, pl_sd->status.name, 24);
                     for (j = 0; player_name[j]; j++)
-                        player_name[j] = tolower (player_name[j]);
-                    if (strstr (player_name, match_text) != NULL)
-                    {           // search with no case sensitive
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
-                                 pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "       BLvl: %d | Job: %s (Lvl: %d)",
-                                 pl_sd->status.base_level,
-                                 job_name (pl_sd->status.pc_class),
-                                 pl_sd->status.job_level);
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                        g = guild_search (pl_sd->status.guild_id);
-                        if (g == NULL)
-                            sprintf (temp1, "None");
-                        else
-                            sprintf (temp1, "%s", g->name);
-                        p = party_search (pl_sd->status.party_id);
-                        if (p == NULL)
-                            sprintf (temp0, "None");
-                        else
-                            sprintf (temp0, "%s", p->name);
-                        sprintf (output, "       Party: '%s' | Guild: '%s'",
-                                 temp0, temp1);
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        player_name[j] = tolower(player_name[j]);
+                    if (strstr(player_name, match_text) != NULL)
+                    {
+                        // search with no case sensitive
+                        std::string output;
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "Name: %s (GM:%d) | Location: %s %d %d",
+                                pl_sd->status.name, pl_GM_level,
+                                pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "       BLvl: %d | Job: %s (Lvl: %d)",
+                                pl_sd->status.base_level,
+                                "Novice/Human",
+                                pl_sd->status.job_level);
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                        p = party_search(pl_sd->status.party_id);
+                        const char *temp0 = p ? p->name : "None";
+                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "       Party: '%s'",
+                                temp0);
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                         count++;
                     }
                 }
@@ -1577,13 +1250,13 @@ int atcommand_whogm (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "No GM found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No GM found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "1 GM found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 GM found.");
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output, "%d GMs found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d GMs found.", count);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -1593,15 +1266,15 @@ int atcommand_whogm (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_save (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_save(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    pc_setsavepoint (sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    pc_makesavestatus (sd);
-    chrif_save (sd);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character data respawn point saved.");
+    pc_setsavepoint(sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    pc_makesavestatus(sd);
+    chrif_save(sd);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character data respawn point saved.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1610,30 +1283,30 @@ int atcommand_save (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_load (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_load(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  m;
+    int m;
 
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (sd->status.save_point.map);
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(sd->status.save_point.map);
     if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.nowarpto
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "You are not authorised to warp you to your save map.");
         return -1;
     }
     if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
-               sd->status.save_point.y, 0);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Warping to respawn point.");
+    pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
+               sd->status.save_point.y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Warping to respawn point.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1642,38 +1315,35 @@ int atcommand_load (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_speed (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_speed(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
-    int  speed;
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
     if (!message || !*message)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a speed value (usage: @speed <%d-%d>).",
-                 MIN_WALK_SPEED, MAX_WALK_SPEED);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter a speed value (usage: @speed <%d-%d>).",
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(MIN_WALK_SPEED.count()),
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_WALK_SPEED.count()));
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    speed = atoi (message);
+    interval_t speed = static_cast<interval_t>(atoi(message));
     if (speed >= MIN_WALK_SPEED && speed <= MAX_WALK_SPEED)
     {
         sd->speed = speed;
         //sd->walktimer = x;
         //��文を追加 by れ
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Speed changed.");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SPEED);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Speed changed.");
     }
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a valid speed value (usage: @speed <%d-%d>).",
-                 MIN_WALK_SPEED, MAX_WALK_SPEED);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter a valid speed value (usage: @speed <%d-%d>).",
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(MIN_WALK_SPEED.count()),
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(MAX_WALK_SPEED.count()));
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1684,26 +1354,26 @@ int atcommand_speed (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_storage (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_storage(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                       const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct storage *stor;       //changes from Freya/Yor
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag)
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "msg_table[250]");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "msg_table[250]");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id)) != NULL
+    if ((stor = account2storage2(sd->status.account_id)) != NULL
         && stor->storage_status == 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "msg_table[250]");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "msg_table[250]");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    storage_storageopen (sd);
+    storage_storageopen(sd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1712,107 +1382,32 @@ int atcommand_storage (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_guildstorage (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_option(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    struct storage *stor;       //changes from Freya/Yor
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id > 0)
-    {
-        if (sd->state.storage_flag)
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "msg_table[251]");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if ((stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id)) != NULL
-            && stor->storage_status == 1)
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "msg_table[251]");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        storage_guild_storageopen (sd);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "msg_table[252]");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_option (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  param1 = 0, param2 = 0, param3 = 0;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    int param1_ = 0, param2_ = 0, param3_ = 0;
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %d %d", &param1, &param2, &param3) < 1
-        || param1 < 0 || param2 < 0 || param3 < 0)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %d %d", &param1_, &param2_, &param3_) < 1
+        || param1_ < 0 || param2_ < 0 || param3_ < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter at least a option (usage: @option <param1:0+> <param2:0+> <param3:0+>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
+    Opt1 param1 = Opt1(param1_);
+    Opt2 param2 = Opt2(param2_);
+    Option param3 = Option(param3_);
+
     sd->opt1 = param1;
     sd->opt2 = param2;
-    if (!(sd->status.option & CART_MASK) && param3 & CART_MASK)
-    {
-        clif_cart_itemlist (sd);
-        clif_cart_equiplist (sd);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_CARTINFO);
-    }
     sd->status.option = param3;
-    // fix pecopeco display
-    if (sd->status.pc_class == 13 || sd->status.pc_class == 21
-        || sd->status.pc_class == 4014 || sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-    {
-        if (!pc_isriding (sd))
-        {                       // sd have the new value...
-            if (sd->status.pc_class == 13)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 7;
-            else if (sd->status.pc_class == 21)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 14;
-            else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4014)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4008;
-            else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4015;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (pc_isriding (sd))
-        {                       // sd have the new value...
-            if (sd->disguise > 0)
-            {                   // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris] (code added by [Yor])
-                sd->status.option &= ~0x0020;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (sd->status.pc_class == 7)
-                    sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 13;
-                else if (sd->status.pc_class == 14)
-                    sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 21;
-                else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4008)
-                    sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4014;
-                else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-                    sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4022;
-                else
-                    sd->status.option &= ~0x0020;
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
-    clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Options changed.");
+    clif_changeoption(&sd->bl);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Options changed.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1821,20 +1416,20 @@ int atcommand_option (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_hide (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_hide(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
-    if (sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE)
+    if (bool(sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
     {
-        sd->status.option &= ~OPTION_HIDE;
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invisible: Off.");    // Invisible: Off
+        sd->status.option &= ~Option::HIDE;
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invisible: Off.");    // Invisible: Off
     }
     else
     {
-        sd->status.option |= OPTION_HIDE;
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invisible: On.");    // Invisible: On
+        sd->status.option |= Option::HIDE;
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invisible: On.");    // Invisible: On
     }
-    clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
+    clif_changeoption(&sd->bl);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1843,11 +1438,11 @@ int atcommand_hide (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_die (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_die(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *)
 {
-    pc_damage (NULL, sd, sd->status.hp + 1);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "A pity! You've died.");
+    pc_damage(NULL, sd, sd->status.hp + 1);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "A pity! You've died.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1856,37 +1451,37 @@ int atcommand_die (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_kill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_kill(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @kill <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can kill only lower or same level
-            pc_damage (NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character killed.");
+            pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character killed.");
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1897,18 +1492,18 @@ int atcommand_kill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_alive (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_alive(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *)
 {
     sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
     sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-    pc_setstand (sd);
-    if (battle_config.pc_invincible_time > 0)
-        pc_setinvincibletimer (sd, battle_config.pc_invincible_time);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-    clif_resurrection (&sd->bl, 1);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "You've been revived! It's a miracle!");
+    pc_setstand(sd);
+    if (static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.pc_invincible_time) > interval_t::zero())
+        pc_setinvincibletimer(sd, static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.pc_invincible_time));
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
+    clif_resurrection(&sd->bl, 1);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "You've been revived! It's a miracle!");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1917,22 +1512,17 @@ int atcommand_alive (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_kami (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_kami(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
     if (!message || !*message)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a message (usage: @kami <message>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    sscanf (message, "%199[^\n]", output);
-    intif_GMmessage (output, strlen (output) + 1, 0);
+    intif_GMmessage(message, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1941,12 +1531,12 @@ int atcommand_kami (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_heal (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_heal(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  hp = 0, sp = 0;        // [Valaris] thanks to fov
+    int hp = 0, sp = 0;        // [Valaris] thanks to fov
 
-    sscanf (message, "%d %d", &hp, &sp);
+    sscanf(message, "%d %d", &hp, &sp);
 
     if (hp == 0 && sp == 0)
     {
@@ -1965,24 +1555,20 @@ int atcommand_heal (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             sp = 1 - sd->status.sp;
     }
 
-    if (hp > 0)                 // display like heal
-        clif_heal (fd, SP_HP, hp);
-    else if (hp < 0)            // display like damage
-        clif_damage (&sd->bl, &sd->bl, gettick (), 0, 0, -hp, 0, 4, 0);
-    if (sp > 0)                 // no display when we lost SP
-        clif_heal (fd, SP_SP, sp);
+    if (hp < 0)            // display like damage
+        clif_damage(&sd->bl, &sd->bl, gettick(), interval_t::zero(), interval_t::zero(), -hp, 0, DamageType::RETURNED, 0);
 
     if (hp != 0 || sp != 0)
     {
-        pc_heal (sd, hp, sp);
+        pc_heal(sd, hp, sp);
         if (hp >= 0 && sp >= 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "HP, SP recovered.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "HP, SP recovered.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "HP or/and SP modified.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "HP or/and SP modified.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "HP and SP are already with the good value.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "HP and SP are already with the good value.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1993,21 +1579,21 @@ int atcommand_heal (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @item command (usage: @item <name/id_of_item> <quantity>)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_item (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_item(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char item_name[100];
-    int  number = 0, item_id, flag;
+    int number = 0, item_id;
     struct item item_tmp;
     struct item_data *item_data;
-    int  get_count, i;
+    int get_count, i;
 
-    memset (item_name, '\0', sizeof (item_name));
+    memset(item_name, '\0', sizeof(item_name));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %d", item_name, &number) < 1)
+        || sscanf(message, "%99s %d", item_name, &number) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter an item name/id (usage: @item <item name or ID> [quantity]).");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -2016,33 +1602,35 @@ int atcommand_item (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         number = 1;
 
     item_id = 0;
-    if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname (item_name)) != NULL ||
-        (item_data = itemdb_exists (atoi (item_name))) != NULL)
+    if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname(item_name)) != NULL ||
+        (item_data = itemdb_exists(atoi(item_name))) != NULL)
         item_id = item_data->nameid;
 
     if (item_id >= 500)
     {
         get_count = number;
-        if (item_data->type == 4 || item_data->type == 5 ||
-            item_data->type == 7 || item_data->type == 8)
+        if (item_data->type == ItemType::WEAPON
+            || item_data->type == ItemType::ARMOR
+            || item_data->type == ItemType::_7
+            || item_data->type == ItemType::_8)
         {
             get_count = 1;
         }
         for (i = 0; i < number; i += get_count)
         {
-            memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
+            memset(&item_tmp, 0, sizeof(item_tmp));
             item_tmp.nameid = item_id;
             item_tmp.identify = 1;
-            if ((flag =
-                 pc_additem ((struct map_session_data *) sd, &item_tmp,
-                             get_count)))
-                clif_additem ((struct map_session_data *) sd, 0, 0, flag);
+            PickupFail flag;
+            if ((flag = pc_additem(sd, &item_tmp, get_count))
+                != PickupFail::OKAY)
+                clif_additem(sd, 0, 0, flag);
         }
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Item created.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Item created.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid item ID or name.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid item ID or name.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2053,18 +1641,18 @@ int atcommand_item (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_itemreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_itemreset(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].equip == 0)
-            pc_delitem (sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 0);
+            && sd->status.inventory[i].equip == EPOS::ZERO)
+            pc_delitem(sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 0);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "All of your items have been removed.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All of your items have been removed.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2073,10 +1661,10 @@ int atcommand_itemreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_itemcheck (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_itemcheck(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *)
 {
-    pc_checkitem (sd);
+    pc_checkitem(sd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2085,14 +1673,14 @@ int atcommand_itemcheck (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_baselevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_baselevelup(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  level, i;
+    int level, i;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || (level = atoi (message)) == 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (level = atoi(message)) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a level adjustement (usage: @blvl <number of levels>).");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -2101,7 +1689,7 @@ int atcommand_baselevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     {
         if (sd->status.base_level == battle_config.maximum_level)
         {                       // check for max level by Valaris
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Base level can't go any higher.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level can't go any higher.");
             return -1;
         }                       // End Addition
         if (level > battle_config.maximum_level || level > (battle_config.maximum_level - sd->status.base_level))   // fix positiv overflow
@@ -2109,19 +1697,19 @@ int atcommand_baselevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         for (i = 1; i <= level; i++)
             sd->status.status_point += (sd->status.base_level + i + 14) / 4;
         sd->status.base_level += level;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        pc_heal (sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Base level raised.");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        pc_heal(sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
+        clif_misceffect(&sd->bl, 0);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level raised.");
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd->status.base_level == 1)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Base level can't go any lower.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level can't go any lower.");
             return -1;
         }
         if (level < -battle_config.maximum_level || level < (1 - sd->status.base_level))    // fix negativ overflow
@@ -2133,13 +1721,13 @@ int atcommand_baselevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                     (sd->status.base_level + i + 14) / 4;
             if (sd->status.status_point < 0)
                 sd->status.status_point = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
         }                       // to add: remove status points from stats
         sd->status.base_level += level;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Base level lowered.");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Base level lowered.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -2149,63 +1737,61 @@ int atcommand_baselevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_joblevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+// TODO: merge this with pc_setparam(SP::JOBLEVEL)
+// then fix the funny 50 and/or 10 limitation.
+int atcommand_joblevelup(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  up_level = 50, level;
+    int up_level = 50, level;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || (level = atoi (message)) == 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (level = atoi(message)) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a level adjustement (usage: @jlvl <number of levels>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (sd->status.pc_class == 0 || sd->status.pc_class == 4001)
-        up_level -= 40;
-    else if ((sd->status.pc_class > 4007 && sd->status.pc_class < 4024)
-             || sd->status.pc_class == 23)
-        up_level += 20;
+    up_level -= 40;
 
     if (level > 0)
     {
         if (sd->status.job_level == up_level)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Job level can't go any higher.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level can't go any higher.");
             return -1;
         }
         if (level > up_level || level > (up_level - sd->status.job_level))  // fix positiv overflow
             level = up_level - sd->status.job_level;
         sd->status.job_level += level;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
         sd->status.skill_point += level;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Job level raised.");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        clif_misceffect(&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level raised.");
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd->status.job_level == 1)
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Job level can't go any lower.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level can't go any lower.");
             return -1;
         }
         if (level < -up_level || level < (1 - sd->status.job_level))    // fix negativ overflow
             level = 1 - sd->status.job_level;
         sd->status.job_level += level;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
         if (sd->status.skill_point > 0)
         {
             sd->status.skill_point += level;
             if (sd->status.skill_point < 0)
                 sd->status.skill_point = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
         }                       // to add: remove status points from skills
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Job level lowered.");
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Job level lowered.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -2215,20 +1801,20 @@ int atcommand_joblevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_help (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_help(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
     char buf[2048], w1[2048], w2[2048];
-    int  i, gm_level;
+    int i, gm_level;
     FILE *fp;
 
-    memset (buf, '\0', sizeof (buf));
+    memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (help_txt, "r")) != NULL)
+    if ((fp = fopen_(help_txt, "r")) != NULL)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Help commands:");
-        gm_level = pc_isGM (sd);
-        while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf) - 1, fp) != NULL)
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Help commands:");
+        gm_level = pc_isGM(sd);
+        while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, fp) != NULL)
         {
             if (buf[0] == '/' && buf[1] == '/')
                 continue;
@@ -2240,16 +1826,16 @@ int atcommand_help (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            if (sscanf (buf, "%2047[^:]:%2047[^\n]", w1, w2) < 2)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
-            else if (gm_level >= atoi (w1))
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, w2);
+            if (sscanf(buf, "%2047[^:]:%2047[^\n]", w1, w2) < 2)
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
+            else if (gm_level >= atoi(w1))
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, w2);
         }
-        fclose_ (fp);
+        fclose_(fp);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "File help.txt not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "File help.txt not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2260,28 +1846,28 @@ int atcommand_help (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_gm (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_gm(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                  const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char password[100];
 
-    memset (password, '\0', sizeof (password));
+    memset(password, '\0', sizeof(password));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", password) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", password) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a password (usage: @gm <password>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (pc_isGM (sd))
+    if (pc_isGM(sd))
     {                           // a GM can not use this function. only a normal player (become gm is not for gm!)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You already have some GM powers.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You already have some GM powers.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
-        chrif_changegm (sd->status.account_id, password,
-                        strlen (password) + 1);
+        chrif_changegm(sd->status.account_id, password,
+                        strlen(password) + 1);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2290,22 +1876,21 @@ int atcommand_gm (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_pvpoff (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_pvpoff(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     if (battle_config.pk_mode)
     {                           //disable command if server is in PK mode [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp)
     {
         map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp = 0;
-        clif_send0199 (sd->bl.m, 0);
         for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {                       //人数分ループ
             if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
@@ -2313,21 +1898,15 @@ int atcommand_pvpoff (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             {
                 if (sd->bl.m == pl_sd->bl.m)
                 {
-                    clif_pvpset (pl_sd, 0, 0, 2);
-                    if (pl_sd->pvp_timer != -1)
-                    {
-                        delete_timer (pl_sd->pvp_timer,
-                                      pc_calc_pvprank_timer);
-                        pl_sd->pvp_timer = -1;
-                    }
+                    pl_sd->pvp_timer.cancel();
                 }
             }
         }
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "PvP: Off.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP: Off.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "PvP is already Off.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP is already Off.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2338,87 +1917,41 @@ int atcommand_pvpoff (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_pvpon (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_pvpon(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     if (battle_config.pk_mode)
     {                           //disable command if server is in PK mode [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This option cannot be used in PK Mode.");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (!map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp && !map[sd->bl.m].flag.nopvp)
     {
         map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp = 1;
-        clif_send0199 (sd->bl.m, 1);
         for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {
             if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
                 && pl_sd->state.auth)
             {
-                if (sd->bl.m == pl_sd->bl.m && pl_sd->pvp_timer == -1)
+                if (sd->bl.m == pl_sd->bl.m && !pl_sd->pvp_timer)
                 {
-                    pl_sd->pvp_timer = add_timer (gettick () + 200,
-                                                  pc_calc_pvprank_timer,
-                                                  pl_sd->bl.id, 0);
+                    pl_sd->pvp_timer = Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::milliseconds(200),
+                            std::bind(pc_calc_pvprank_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2, pl_sd->bl.id));
                     pl_sd->pvp_rank = 0;
                     pl_sd->pvp_lastusers = 0;
                     pl_sd->pvp_point = 5;
                 }
             }
         }
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "PvP: On.");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "PvP is already On.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_gvgoff (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg = 0;
-        clif_send0199 (sd->bl.m, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "GvG: Off.");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "GvG is already Off.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_gvgon (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    if (!map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg = 1;
-        clif_send0199 (sd->bl.m, 3);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "GvG: On.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP: On.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "GvG is already On.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "PvP is already On.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2429,23 +1962,21 @@ int atcommand_gvgon (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_model (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_model(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  hair_style = 0, hair_color = 0, cloth_color = 0;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    int hair_style = 0, hair_color = 0, cloth_color = 0;
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %d %d", &hair_style, &hair_color,
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %d %d", &hair_style, &hair_color,
                    &cloth_color) < 1)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter at least a value (usage: @model <hair ID: %d-%d> <hair color: %d-%d> <clothes color: %d-%d>).",
-                 MIN_HAIR_STYLE, MAX_HAIR_STYLE, MIN_HAIR_COLOR,
-                 MAX_HAIR_COLOR, MIN_CLOTH_COLOR, MAX_CLOTH_COLOR);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter at least a value (usage: @model <hair ID: %d-%d> <hair color: %d-%d> <clothes color: %d-%d>).",
+                MIN_HAIR_STYLE, MAX_HAIR_STYLE,
+                MIN_HAIR_COLOR, MAX_HAIR_COLOR,
+                MIN_CLOTH_COLOR, MAX_CLOTH_COLOR);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2453,25 +1984,16 @@ int atcommand_model (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         hair_color >= MIN_HAIR_COLOR && hair_color <= MAX_HAIR_COLOR &&
         cloth_color >= MIN_CLOTH_COLOR && cloth_color <= MAX_CLOTH_COLOR)
     {
-        //��色変更
-        if (cloth_color != 0 && sd->status.sex == 1
-            && (sd->status.pc_class == 12 || sd->status.pc_class == 17))
-        {
-            //��色未実装��判定
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "You can't use this command with this class.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        else
         {
-            pc_changelook (sd, LOOK_HAIR, hair_style);
-            pc_changelook (sd, LOOK_HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
-            pc_changelook (sd, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR, hair_style);
+            pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
+            pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2482,40 +2004,30 @@ int atcommand_model (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @dye && @ccolor
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_dye (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_dye(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  cloth_color = 0;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    int cloth_color = 0;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &cloth_color) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d", &cloth_color) < 1)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a clothes color (usage: @dye/@ccolor <clothes color: %d-%d>).",
-                 MIN_CLOTH_COLOR, MAX_CLOTH_COLOR);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter a clothes color (usage: @dye/@ccolor <clothes color: %d-%d>).",
+                MIN_CLOTH_COLOR, MAX_CLOTH_COLOR);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (cloth_color >= MIN_CLOTH_COLOR && cloth_color <= MAX_CLOTH_COLOR)
     {
-        if (cloth_color != 0 && sd->status.sex == 1
-            && (sd->status.pc_class == 12 || sd->status.pc_class == 17))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "You can't use this command with this class.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            pc_changelook (sd, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2523,54 +2035,33 @@ int atcommand_dye (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * @chardye by [MouseJstr]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_chardye (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * @hairstyle && @hstyle
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_hair_style (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_hair_style(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  hair_style = 0;
-    char output[200];
+    int hair_style = 0;
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &hair_style) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d", &hair_style) < 1)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a hair style (usage: @hairstyle/@hstyle <hair ID: %d-%d>).",
-                 MIN_HAIR_STYLE, MAX_HAIR_STYLE);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter a hair style (usage: @hairstyle/@hstyle <hair ID: %d-%d>).",
+                MIN_HAIR_STYLE, MAX_HAIR_STYLE);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (hair_style >= MIN_HAIR_STYLE && hair_style <= MAX_HAIR_STYLE)
     {
-        if (hair_style != 0 && sd->status.sex == 1
-            && (sd->status.pc_class == 12 || sd->status.pc_class == 17))
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "You can't use this command with this class.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        else
         {
-            pc_changelook (sd, LOOK_HAIR, hair_style);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR, hair_style);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2578,315 +2069,35 @@ int atcommand_hair_style (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * @charhairstyle by [MouseJstr]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_charhairstyle (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * @haircolor && @hcolor
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_hair_color (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_hair_color(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  hair_color = 0;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    int hair_color = 0;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &hair_color) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d", &hair_color) < 1)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a hair color (usage: @haircolor/@hcolor <hair color: %d-%d>).",
-                 MIN_HAIR_COLOR, MAX_HAIR_COLOR);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter a hair color (usage: @haircolor/@hcolor <hair color: %d-%d>).",
+                MIN_HAIR_COLOR, MAX_HAIR_COLOR);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (hair_color >= MIN_HAIR_COLOR && hair_color <= MAX_HAIR_COLOR)
     {
-        if (hair_color != 0 && sd->status.sex == 1
-            && (sd->status.pc_class == 12 || sd->status.pc_class == 17))
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "You can't use this command with this class.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            pc_changelook (sd, LOOK_HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Appearence changed.");
+            pc_changelook(sd, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @charhaircolor by [MouseJstr]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_charhaircolor (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @go [city_number/city_name]: improved by [yor] to add city names and help
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_go (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  i;
-    int  town;
-    char map_name[100];
-    char output[200];
-    int  m;
-
-    struct
-    {
-        char map[16];
-        int  x, y;
-    } data[] =
-    {
-        {
-        "prontera.gat", 156, 191},  //   0=Prontera
-        {
-        "morocc.gat", 156, 93}, //   1=Morroc
-        {
-        "geffen.gat", 119, 59}, //   2=Geffen
-        {
-        "payon.gat", 162, 233}, //   3=Payon
-        {
-        "alberta.gat", 192, 147},   //   4=Alberta
-        {
-        "izlude.gat", 128, 114},    //   5=Izlude
-        {
-        "aldebaran.gat", 140, 131}, //   6=Al de Baran
-        {
-        "xmas.gat", 147, 134},  //   7=Lutie
-        {
-        "comodo.gat", 209, 143},    //   8=Comodo
-        {
-        "yuno.gat", 157, 51},   //   9=Yuno
-        {
-        "amatsu.gat", 198, 84}, //  10=Amatsu
-        {
-        "gonryun.gat", 160, 120},   //  11=Gon Ryun
-        {
-        "umbala.gat", 89, 157}, //  12=Umbala
-        {
-        "niflheim.gat", 21, 153},   //  13=Niflheim
-        {
-        "louyang.gat", 217, 40},    //  14=Lou Yang
-        {
-        "new_1-1.gat", 53, 111},    //  15=Start point
-        {
-        "sec_pri.gat", 23, 61}, //  16=Prison
-    };
-
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    // get the number
-    town = atoi (message);
-
-    // if no value, display all value
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99s", map_name) < 1
-        || town < -3 || town >= (int) (sizeof (data) / sizeof (data[0])))
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid location number or name.");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Please, use one of this number/name:");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "-3=(Memo point 2)   4=Alberta       11=Gon Ryun");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "-2=(Memo point 1)   5=Izlude        12=Umbala");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "-1=(Memo point 0)   6=Al de Baran   13=Niflheim");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             " 0=Prontera         7=Lutie         14=Lou Yang");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             " 1=Morroc           8=Comodo        15=Start point");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             " 2=Geffen           9=Yuno          16=Prison");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, " 3=Payon           10=Amatsu");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else
-    {
-        // get possible name of the city and add .gat if not in the name
-        map_name[sizeof (map_name) - 1] = '\0';
-        for (i = 0; map_name[i]; i++)
-            map_name[i] = tolower (map_name[i]);
-        if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-            strcat (map_name, ".gat");
-        // try to see if it's a name, and not a number (try a lot of possibilities, write errors and abbreviations too)
-        if (strncmp (map_name, "prontera.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 0;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "morocc.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 1;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "geffen.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 2;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "payon.gat", 3) == 0 || // 3 first characters
-                 strncmp (map_name, "paion.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // writing error (3 first characters)
-            town = 3;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "alberta.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 4;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "izlude.gat", 3) == 0 ||    // 3 first characters
-                 strncmp (map_name, "islude.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // writing error (3 first characters)
-            town = 5;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "aldebaran.gat", 3) == 0 || // 3 first characters
-                 strcmp (map_name, "al.gat") == 0)
-        {                       // al (de baran)
-            town = 6;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "lutie.gat", 3) == 0 || // name of the city, not name of the map (3 first characters)
-                 strcmp (map_name, "christmas.gat") == 0 || // name of the symbol
-                 strncmp (map_name, "xmas.gat", 3) == 0 ||  // 3 first characters
-                 strncmp (map_name, "x-mas.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // writing error (3 first characters)
-            town = 7;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "comodo.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 8;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "yuno.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 9;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "amatsu.gat", 3) == 0 ||    // 3 first characters
-                 strncmp (map_name, "ammatsu.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // writing error (3 first characters)
-            town = 10;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "gonryun.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 11;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "umbala.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 12;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "niflheim.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 13;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "louyang.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // 3 first characters
-            town = 14;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "new_1-1.gat", 3) == 0 ||   // 3 first characters (or "newbies")
-                 strncmp (map_name, "startpoint.gat", 3) == 0 ||    // name of the position (3 first characters)
-                 strncmp (map_name, "begining.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // name of the position (3 first characters)
-            town = 15;
-        }
-        else if (strncmp (map_name, "sec_pri.gat", 3) == 0 ||   // 3 first characters
-                 strncmp (map_name, "prison.gat", 3) == 0 ||    // name of the position (3 first characters)
-                 strncmp (map_name, "jails.gat", 3) == 0)
-        {                       // name of the position
-            town = 16;
-        }
-
-        if (town >= -3 && town <= -1)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.memo_point[-town - 1].map[0])
-            {
-                m = map_mapname2mapid (sd->status.memo_point[-town - 1].map);
-                if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.nowarpto
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-                {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                                         "You are not authorised to warp you to this memo map.");
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-                {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                                         "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                if (pc_setpos
-                    (sd, sd->status.memo_point[-town - 1].map,
-                     sd->status.memo_point[-town - 1].x,
-                     sd->status.memo_point[-town - 1].y, 3) == 0)
-                {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Warped.");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
-                    return -1;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                sprintf (output, "Your memo point #%d doesn't exist.", -town - 1);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else if (town >= 0 && town < (int) (sizeof (data) / sizeof (data[0])))
-        {
-            m = map_mapname2mapid (data[town].map);
-            if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.nowarpto
-                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                                     "You are not authorised to warp you to this destination map.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                                     "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (pc_setpos (sd, data[town].map, data[town].x, data[town].y, 3)
-                == 0)
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Warped.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {                       // if you arrive here, you have an error in town variable when reading of names
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid location number or name.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2895,41 +2106,39 @@ int atcommand_go (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_spawn (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+int atcommand_spawn(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                      const char *command, const char *message)
 {
     char monster[100];
-    char output[200];
-    int  mob_id;
-    int  number = 0;
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
-    int  count;
-    int  i, j, k;
-    int  mx, my, range;
+    int mob_id;
+    int number = 0;
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
+    int count;
+    int i, j, k;
+    int mx, my, range;
 
-    memset (monster, '\0', sizeof (monster));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(monster, '\0', sizeof(monster));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %d %d %d", monster, &number, &x, &y) < 1)
+        || sscanf(message, "%99s %d %d %d", monster, &number, &x, &y) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Give a monster name/id please.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Give a monster name/id please.");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // If monster identifier/name argument is a name
-    if ((mob_id = mobdb_searchname (monster)) == 0) // check name first (to avoid possible name begining by a number)
-        mob_id = mobdb_checkid (atoi (monster));
+    if ((mob_id = mobdb_searchname(monster)) == 0) // check name first (to avoid possible name begining by a number)
+        mob_id = mobdb_checkid(atoi(monster));
 
     if (mob_id == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid monster ID or name.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid monster ID or name.");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (mob_id == 1288)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Cannot spawn emperium.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Cannot spawn emperium.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2942,43 +2151,44 @@ int atcommand_spawn (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         number = battle_config.atc_spawn_quantity_limit;
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("%s monster='%s' id=%d count=%d (%d,%d)\n", command, monster,
+        PRINTF("%s monster='%s' id=%d count=%d (%d,%d)\n", command, monster,
                 mob_id, number, x, y);
 
     count = 0;
-    range = sqrt (number) / 2;
+    range = sqrt(number) / 2;
     range = range * 2 + 5;      // calculation of an odd number (+ 4 area around)
     for (i = 0; i < number; i++)
     {
         j = 0;
         k = 0;
         while (j++ < 8 && k == 0)
-        {                       // try 8 times to spawn the monster (needed for close area)
+        {
+            // try 8 times to spawn the monster (needed for close area)
             if (x <= 0)
-                mx = sd->bl.x + (MRAND (range) - (range / 2));
+                mx = sd->bl.x + random_::in(-range / 2, range / 2 );
             else
                 mx = x;
             if (y <= 0)
-                my = sd->bl.y + (MRAND (range) - (range / 2));
+                my = sd->bl.y + random_::in(-range / 2, range / 2);
             else
                 my = y;
-            k = mob_once_spawn ((struct map_session_data *) sd, "this", mx,
-                                my, "", mob_id, 1, "");
+            k = mob_once_spawn(sd, "this", mx, my, "", mob_id, 1, "");
         }
         count += (k != 0) ? 1 : 0;
     }
 
     if (count != 0)
         if (number == count)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "All monster summoned!");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "All monster summoned!");
         else
         {
-            sprintf (output, "%d monster(s) summoned!", count);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d monster(s) summoned!",
+                    count);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid monster ID or name.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid monster ID or name.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -2990,28 +2200,28 @@ int atcommand_spawn (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void atcommand_killmonster_sub (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+void atcommand_killmonster_sub(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                                 const char *message, const int drop)
 {
-    int  map_id;
+    int map_id;
     char map_name[100];
 
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99s", map_name) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99s", map_name) < 1)
         map_id = sd->bl.m;
     else
     {
-        if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-            strcat (map_name, ".gat");
-        if ((map_id = map_mapname2mapid (map_name)) < 0)
+        if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+            strcat(map_name, ".gat");
+        if ((map_id = map_mapname2mapid(map_name)) < 0)
             map_id = sd->bl.m;
     }
 
-    map_foreachinarea (atkillmonster_sub, map_id, 0, 0, map[map_id].xs,
-                       map[map_id].ys, BL_MOB, drop);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(atkillmonster_sub, ph::_1, drop), map_id, 0, 0, map[map_id].xs,
+                       map[map_id].ys, BL::MOB);
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "All monsters killed!");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All monsters killed!");
 
     return;
 }
@@ -3020,40 +2230,10 @@ void atcommand_killmonster_sub (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_killmonster (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    atcommand_killmonster_sub (fd, sd, message, 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int atlist_nearby_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    char buf[32];
-    int  fd = va_arg (ap, int);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    sprintf (buf, " - \"%s\"", ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.name);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_list_nearby (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_killmonster(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Nearby players:");
-    map_foreachinarea (atlist_nearby_sub, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - 1,
-                       sd->bl.y - 1, sd->bl.x + 1, sd->bl.x + 1, BL_PC, fd);
+    atcommand_killmonster_sub(fd, sd, message, 1);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3062,157 +2242,39 @@ int atcommand_list_nearby (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_killmonster2 (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
+static
+void atlist_nearby_sub(struct block_list *bl, int fd)
 {
-    atcommand_killmonster_sub (fd, sd, message, 0);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    return 0;
+    std::string buf = STRPRINTF(" - \"%s\"",
+            ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.name);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_produce (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_list_nearby(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *)
 {
-    char item_name[100];
-    int  item_id, attribute = 0, star = 0;
-    int  flag = 0;
-    struct item_data *item_data;
-    struct item tmp_item;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (item_name, '\0', sizeof (item_name));
-
-    if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %d %d", item_name, &attribute, &star) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter at least an item name/id (usage: @produce <equip name or equip ID> <element> <# of very's>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    item_id = 0;
-    if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname (item_name)) != NULL ||
-        (item_data = itemdb_exists (atoi (item_name))) != NULL)
-        item_id = item_data->nameid;
-
-    if (itemdb_exists (item_id) &&
-        (item_id <= 500 || item_id > 1099) &&
-        (item_id < 4001 || item_id > 4148) &&
-        (item_id < 7001 || item_id > 10019) && itemdb_isequip (item_id))
-    {
-        if (attribute < MIN_ATTRIBUTE || attribute > MAX_ATTRIBUTE)
-            attribute = ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
-        if (star < MIN_STAR || star > MAX_STAR)
-            star = 0;
-        memset (&tmp_item, 0, sizeof tmp_item);
-        tmp_item.nameid = item_id;
-        tmp_item.amount = 1;
-        tmp_item.identify = 1;
-        tmp_item.card[0] = 0x00ff;
-        tmp_item.card[1] = ((star * 5) << 8) + attribute;
-        *((unsigned long *) (&tmp_item.card[2])) = sd->char_id;
-        clif_produceeffect (sd, 0, item_id);    // 製造エフェクトパケット
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 3);   // 他人�も�功を通知
-        if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &tmp_item, 1)))
-            clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("@produce NOT WEAPON [%d]\n", item_id);
-        if (item_id != 0 && itemdb_exists (item_id))
-            sprintf (output, "This item (%d: '%s') is not an equipment.", item_id, item_data->name);
-        else
-            sprintf (output, "%s", "This item is not an equipment.");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        return -1;
-    }
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Nearby players:");
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(atlist_nearby_sub, ph::_1, fd),
+            sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - 1, sd->bl.y - 1,
+            sd->bl.x + 1, sd->bl.x + 1, BL::PC);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Sub-function to display actual memo points
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void atcommand_memo_sub (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
-                         "Your actual memo positions are (except respawn point):");
-    for (i = MIN_PORTAL_MEMO; i <= MAX_PORTAL_MEMO; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.memo_point[i].map[0])
-            sprintf (output, "%d - %s (%d,%d)", i,
-                     sd->status.memo_point[i].map, sd->status.memo_point[i].x,
-                     sd->status.memo_point[i].y);
-        else
-            sprintf (output, "%d - void", i);
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, output);
-    }
-
-    return;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_memo (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_killmonster2(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                            const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  position = 0;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &position) < 1)
-        atcommand_memo_sub (sd);
-    else
-    {
-        if (position >= MIN_PORTAL_MEMO && position <= MAX_PORTAL_MEMO)
-        {
-            if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                                     "You are not authorised to memo this map.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-            if (sd->status.memo_point[position].map[0])
-            {
-                sprintf (output, "You replace previous memo position %d - %s (%d,%d).", position, sd->status.memo_point[position].map, sd->status.memo_point[position].x, sd->status.memo_point[position].y);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-            }
-            memcpy (sd->status.memo_point[position].map, map[sd->bl.m].name,
-                    24);
-            sd->status.memo_point[position].x = sd->bl.x;
-            sd->status.memo_point[position].y = sd->bl.y;
-            clif_skill_memo (sd, 0);
-            if (pc_checkskill (sd, AL_WARP) <= (position + 1))
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Note: you don't have the 'Warp' skill level to use it.");
-            atcommand_memo_sub (sd);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            sprintf (output,
-                     "Please, enter a valid position (usage: @memo <memo_position:%d-%d>).",
-                     MIN_PORTAL_MEMO, MAX_PORTAL_MEMO);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-            atcommand_memo_sub (sd);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
+    atcommand_killmonster_sub(fd, sd, message, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3221,24 +2283,22 @@ int atcommand_memo (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_gat (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_gat(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *)
 {
-    char output[200];
-    int  y;
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    int y;
 
     for (y = 2; y >= -2; y--)
     {
-        sprintf (output, "%s (x= %d, y= %d) %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X",
-                 map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x - 2, sd->bl.y + y,
-                 map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - 2, sd->bl.y + y),
-                 map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - 1, sd->bl.y + y),
-                 map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y + y),
-                 map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x + 1, sd->bl.y + y),
-                 map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x + 2, sd->bl.y + y));
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "%s (x= %d, y= %d) %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X",
+                map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x - 2, sd->bl.y + y,
+                map_getcell(sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - 2, sd->bl.y + y),
+                map_getcell(sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - 1, sd->bl.y + y),
+                map_getcell(sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y + y),
+                map_getcell(sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x + 1, sd->bl.y + y),
+                map_getcell(sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x + 2, sd->bl.y + y));
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -3248,19 +2308,19 @@ int atcommand_gat (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_packet (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_packet(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
+    int type = 0, flag = 0;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d %d", &x, &y) < 2)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d %d", &type, &flag) < 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a status type/flag (usage: @packet <status type> <flag>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    clif_status_change (&sd->bl, x, y);
+    clif_status_change(&sd->bl, StatusChange(type), flag);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3269,14 +2329,14 @@ int atcommand_packet (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @stpoint (Rewritten by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_statuspoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_statuspoint(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  point, new_status_point;
+    int point, new_status_point;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || (point = atoi (message)) == 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (point = atoi(message)) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a number (usage: @stpoint <number of points>).");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -3290,15 +2350,15 @@ int atcommand_statuspoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     if (new_status_point != (int) sd->status.status_point)
     {
         sd->status.status_point = (short) new_status_point;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Number of status points changed!");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Number of status points changed!");
     }
     else
     {
         if (point < 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3309,14 +2369,14 @@ int atcommand_statuspoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @skpoint (Rewritten by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_skillpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_skillpoint(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  point, new_skill_point;
+    int point, new_skill_point;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || (point = atoi (message)) == 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (point = atoi(message)) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a number (usage: @skpoint <number of points>).");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -3330,15 +2390,15 @@ int atcommand_skillpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     if (new_skill_point != (int) sd->status.skill_point)
     {
         sd->status.skill_point = (short) new_skill_point;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Number of skill points changed!");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Number of skill points changed!");
     }
     else
     {
         if (point < 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3349,14 +2409,14 @@ int atcommand_skillpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @zeny (Rewritten by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_zeny (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_zeny(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  zeny, new_zeny;
+    int zeny, new_zeny;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || (zeny = atoi (message)) == 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (zeny = atoi(message)) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter an amount (usage: @zeny <amount>).");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -3370,15 +2430,15 @@ int atcommand_zeny (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     if (new_zeny != sd->status.zeny)
     {
         sd->status.zeny = new_zeny;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Number of zenys changed!");
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Number of zenys changed!");
     }
     else
     {
         if (zeny < 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3389,66 +2449,43 @@ int atcommand_zeny (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_param (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+template<ATTR attr>
+int atcommand_param(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  i, index, value = 0, new_value;
-    const char *param[] =
-        { "@str", "@agi", "@vit", "@int", "@dex", "@luk", NULL };
-    short *status[] = {
-        &sd->status.str, &sd->status.agi, &sd->status.vit,
-        &sd->status.int_, &sd->status.dex, &sd->status.luk
-    };
-    char output[200];
+    int value = 0, new_value;
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &value) < 1
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d", &value) < 1
         || value == 0)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a valid value (usage: @str,@agi,@vit,@int,@dex,@luk <+/-adjustement>).");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        return -1;
-    }
 
-    index = -1;
-    for (i = 0; param[i] != NULL; i++)
-    {
-        if (strcasecmp (command, param[i]) == 0)
-        {
-            index = i;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (index < 0 || index > MAX_STATUS_TYPE)
-    {                           // normaly impossible...
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a valid value (usage: @str,@agi,@vit,@int,@dex,@luk <+/-adjustement>).");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        // there was a clang bug here
+        // fortunately, STRPRINTF was not actually needed
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                "Please, enter a valid value (usage: @str,@agi,@vit,@int,@dex,@luk <+/-adjustement>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    new_value = (int) *status[index] + value;
+    new_value = (int) sd->status.attrs[attr] + value;
     if (value > 0 && (value > battle_config.max_parameter || new_value > battle_config.max_parameter))  // fix positiv overflow
         new_value = battle_config.max_parameter;
     else if (value < 0 && (value < -battle_config.max_parameter || new_value < 1))  // fix negativ overflow
         new_value = 1;
 
-    if (new_value != (int) *status[index])
+    if (new_value != sd->status.attrs[attr])
     {
-        *status[index] = new_value;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STR + index);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_USTR + index);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Stat changed.");
+        sd->status.attrs[attr] = new_value;
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_sp(attr));
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_usp(attr));
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Stat changed.");
     }
     else
     {
         if (value < 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3460,100 +2497,42 @@ int atcommand_param (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 //** Stat all by fritz (rewritten by [Yor])
-int atcommand_all_stats (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_all_stats(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  index, count, value = 0, new_value;
-    short *status[] = {
-        &sd->status.str, &sd->status.agi, &sd->status.vit,
-        &sd->status.int_, &sd->status.dex, &sd->status.luk
-    };
+    int count, value = 0, new_value;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &value) < 1
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d", &value) < 1
         || value == 0)
         value = battle_config.max_parameter;
 
     count = 0;
-    for (index = 0; index < (int) (sizeof (status) / sizeof (status[0]));
-         index++)
+    for (ATTR attr : ATTRs)
     {
-
-        new_value = (int) *status[index] + value;
+        new_value = sd->status.attrs[attr] + value;
         if (value > 0 && (value > battle_config.max_parameter || new_value > battle_config.max_parameter))  // fix positiv overflow
             new_value = battle_config.max_parameter;
         else if (value < 0 && (value < -battle_config.max_parameter || new_value < 1))  // fix negativ overflow
             new_value = 1;
 
-        if (new_value != (int) *status[index])
+        if (new_value != sd->status.attrs[attr])
         {
-            *status[index] = new_value;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STR + index);
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_USTR + index);
-            pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+            sd->status.attrs[attr] = new_value;
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_sp(attr));
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_usp(attr));
+            pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
             count++;
         }
     }
 
     if (count > 0)              // if at least 1 stat modified
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "All stats changed!");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "All stats changed!");
     else
     {
         if (value < 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease a stat.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease a stat.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase a stat.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_guildlevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  level = 0;
-    short added_level;
-    struct guild *guild_info;
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d", &level) < 1
-        || level == 0)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a valid level (usage: @guildlvl <# of levels>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id <= 0
-        || (guild_info = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You're not in a guild.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (strcmp (sd->status.name, guild_info->master) != 0)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You're not the master of your guild.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    added_level = (short) level;
-    if (level > 0 && (level > MAX_GUILDLEVEL || added_level > ((short) MAX_GUILDLEVEL - guild_info->guild_lv))) // fix positiv overflow
-        added_level = (short) MAX_GUILDLEVEL - guild_info->guild_lv;
-    else if (level < 0 && (level < -MAX_GUILDLEVEL || added_level < (1 - guild_info->guild_lv)))    // fix negativ overflow
-        added_level = 1 - guild_info->guild_lv;
-
-    if (added_level != 0)
-    {
-        intif_guild_change_basicinfo (guild_info->guild_id, GBI_GUILDLV,
-                                      &added_level, 2);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Guild level changed.");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Guild level change failed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase a stat.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3564,54 +2543,52 @@ int atcommand_guildlevelup (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_recall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_recall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @recall <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can recall only lower or same level
             if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                      "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
                 return -1;
             }
             if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                      "You are not authorised to warp this player from its actual map.");
                 return -1;
             }
-            pc_setpos (pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 2);
-            sprintf (output, "%s recalled!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            pc_setpos(pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF("%s recalled!", character);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3622,35 +2599,35 @@ int atcommand_recall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_revive (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_revive(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @revive <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         pl_sd->status.hp = pl_sd->status.max_hp;
-        pc_setstand (pl_sd);
-        if (battle_config.pc_invincible_time > 0)
-            pc_setinvincibletimer (sd, battle_config.pc_invincible_time);
-        clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_HP);
-        clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_SP);
-        clif_resurrection (&pl_sd->bl, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character revived.");
+        pc_setstand(pl_sd);
+        if (static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.pc_invincible_time) > interval_t::zero())
+            pc_setinvincibletimer(sd, static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.pc_invincible_time));
+        clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SP);
+        clif_resurrection(&pl_sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character revived.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3661,76 +2638,56 @@ int atcommand_revive (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_character_stats (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_stats(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                               const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char job_jobname[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (job_jobname, '\0', sizeof (job_jobname));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charstats <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
-    {
-        struct
-        {
-            const char *format;
-            int  value;
-        } output_table[] =
-        {
-            {
-            "Base Level - %d", pl_sd->status.base_level},
-            {
-            job_jobname, pl_sd->status.job_level},
-            {
-            "Hp - %d", pl_sd->status.hp},
-            {
-            "MaxHp - %d", pl_sd->status.max_hp},
-            {
-            "Sp - %d", pl_sd->status.sp},
-            {
-            "MaxSp - %d", pl_sd->status.max_sp},
-            {
-            "Str - %3d", pl_sd->status.str},
-            {
-            "Agi - %3d", pl_sd->status.agi},
-            {
-            "Vit - %3d", pl_sd->status.vit},
-            {
-            "Int - %3d", pl_sd->status.int_},
-            {
-            "Dex - %3d", pl_sd->status.dex},
-            {
-            "Luk - %3d", pl_sd->status.luk},
-            {
-            "Zeny - %d", pl_sd->status.zeny},
-            {
-            NULL, 0}
-        };
-        sprintf (job_jobname, "Job - %s %s", job_name (pl_sd->status.pc_class),
-                 "(level %d)");
-        sprintf (output, "'%s' stats:", pl_sd->status.name);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        for (i = 0; output_table[i].format != NULL; i++)
-        {
-            sprintf (output, output_table[i].format, output_table[i].value);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        }
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
+    {
+        std::string output;
+        output = STRPRINTF("'%s' stats:", pl_sd->status.name);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Base Level - %d", pl_sd->status.base_level),
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Job - Novice/Human (level %d)", pl_sd->status.job_level);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Hp - %d", pl_sd->status.hp);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("MaxHp - %d", pl_sd->status.max_hp);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Sp - %d", pl_sd->status.sp);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("MaxSp - %d", pl_sd->status.max_sp);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Str - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR]);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Agi - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI]);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Vit - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT]);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Int - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT]);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Dex - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX]);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Luk - %3d", pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK]);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+        output = STRPRINTF("Zeny - %d", pl_sd->status.zeny);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3742,55 +2699,56 @@ int atcommand_character_stats (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 //** Character Stats All by fritz
-int atcommand_character_stats_all (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_stats_all(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                                   const char *, const char *)
 {
-    char output[1024], gmlevel[1024];
-    int  i;
-    int  count;
+    int i;
+    int count;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (gmlevel, '\0', sizeof (gmlevel));
-
     count = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-
-            if (pc_isGM (pl_sd) > 0)
-                sprintf (gmlevel, "| GM Lvl: %d", pc_isGM (pl_sd));
+            std::string gmlevel;
+            if (pc_isGM(pl_sd) > 0)
+                gmlevel = STRPRINTF("| GM Lvl: %d", pc_isGM(pl_sd));
             else
-                sprintf (gmlevel, " ");
-
-            sprintf (output,
-                     "Name: %s | BLvl: %d | Job: %s (Lvl: %d) | HP: %d/%d | SP: %d/%d",
-                     pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->status.base_level,
-                     job_name (pl_sd->status.pc_class), pl_sd->status.job_level,
-                     pl_sd->status.hp, pl_sd->status.max_hp, pl_sd->status.sp,
-                     pl_sd->status.max_sp);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-            sprintf (output,
-                     "STR: %d | AGI: %d | VIT: %d | INT: %d | DEX: %d | LUK: %d | Zeny: %d %s",
-                     pl_sd->status.str, pl_sd->status.agi, pl_sd->status.vit,
-                     pl_sd->status.int_, pl_sd->status.dex, pl_sd->status.luk,
-                     pl_sd->status.zeny, gmlevel);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "--------");
+                gmlevel = " ";
+
+            std::string output;
+            output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "Name: %s | BLvl: %d | Job: Novice/Human (Lvl: %d) | HP: %d/%d | SP: %d/%d",
+                    pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->status.base_level,
+                    pl_sd->status.job_level,
+                    pl_sd->status.hp, pl_sd->status.max_hp,
+                    pl_sd->status.sp, pl_sd->status.max_sp);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            output = STRPRINTF("STR: %d | AGI: %d | VIT: %d | INT: %d | DEX: %d | LUK: %d | Zeny: %d %s",
+                     pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR],
+                     pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI],
+                     pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT],
+                     pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT],
+                     pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX],
+                     pl_sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK],
+                     pl_sd->status.zeny,
+                     gmlevel);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "--------");
             count++;
         }
     }
 
     if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "No player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "No player found.");
     else if (count == 1)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "1 player found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "1 player found.");
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output, "%d players found.", count);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d players found.", count);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -3800,83 +2758,50 @@ int atcommand_character_stats_all (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_character_option (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_option(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                                const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    int  opt1 = 0, opt2 = 0, opt3 = 0;
+    int opt1_ = 0, opt2_ = 0, opt3_ = 0;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %d %d %99[^\n]", &opt1, &opt2, &opt3,
-                   character) < 4 || opt1 < 0 || opt2 < 0 || opt3 < 0)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %d %d %99[^\n]", &opt1_, &opt2_, &opt3_,
+                   character) < 4 || opt1_ < 0 || opt2_ < 0 || opt3_ < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter valid options and a player name (usage: @charoption <param1> <param2> <param3> <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    Opt1 opt1 = Opt1(opt1_);
+    Opt2 opt2 = Opt2(opt2_);
+    Option opt3 = Option(opt3_);
+
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
-        {                       // you can change option only to lower or same level
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
+        {
+            // you can change option only to lower or same level
             pl_sd->opt1 = opt1;
             pl_sd->opt2 = opt2;
             pl_sd->status.option = opt3;
-            // fix pecopeco display
-            if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 13 || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 21
-                || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4014 || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-            {
-                if (!pc_isriding (pl_sd))
-                {               // pl_sd have the new value...
-                    if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 13)
-                        pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 7;
-                    else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 21)
-                        pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 14;
-                    else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4014)
-                        pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4008;
-                    else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-                        pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4015;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (pc_isriding (pl_sd))
-                {               // pl_sd have the new value...
-                    if (pl_sd->disguise > 0)
-                    {           // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris] (code added by [Yor])
-                        pl_sd->status.option &= ~0x0020;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 7)
-                            pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 13;
-                        else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 14)
-                            pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 21;
-                        else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4008)
-                            pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4014;
-                        else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-                            pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4022;
-                        else
-                            pl_sd->status.option &= ~0x0020;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            clif_changeoption (&pl_sd->bl);
-            pc_calcstatus (pl_sd, 0);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's options changed.");
+
+            clif_changeoption(&pl_sd->bl);
+            pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's options changed.");
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3887,35 +2812,35 @@ int atcommand_character_option (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * charchangesex command (usage: charchangesex <player_name>)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_char_change_sex (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_char_change_sex(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                               const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charchangesex <name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // check player name
-    if (strlen (character) < 4)
+    if (strlen(character) < 4)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strlen (character) > 23)
+    else if (strlen(character) > 23)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
     {
-        chrif_char_ask_name (sd->status.account_id, character, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 5 - changesex
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 5 - changesex
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -3926,35 +2851,35 @@ int atcommand_char_change_sex (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * This command do a definitiv ban on a player
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_char_block (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_char_block(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @block <name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // check player name
-    if (strlen (character) < 4)
+    if (strlen(character) < 4)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strlen (character) > 23)
+    else if (strlen(character) > 23)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
     {
-        chrif_char_ask_name (sd->status.account_id, character, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 1 - block
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 1 - block
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -3976,32 +2901,32 @@ int atcommand_char_block (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *           this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes and 6 years at the same time.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_char_ban (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_char_ban(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char modif[100], character[100];
     char *modif_p;
-    int  year, month, day, hour, minute, second, value;
+    int year, month, day, hour, minute, second, value;
 
-    memset (modif, '\0', sizeof (modif));
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(modif, '\0', sizeof(modif));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%s %99[^\n]", modif, character) < 2)
+        || sscanf(message, "%s %99[^\n]", modif, character) < 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter ban time and a player name (usage: @charban/@ban/@banish/@charbanish <time> <name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    modif[sizeof (modif) - 1] = '\0';
-    character[sizeof (character) - 1] = '\0';
+    modif[sizeof(modif) - 1] = '\0';
+    character[sizeof(character) - 1] = '\0';
 
     modif_p = modif;
     year = month = day = hour = minute = second = 0;
     while (modif_p[0] != '\0')
     {
-        value = atoi (modif_p);
+        value = atoi(modif_p);
         if (value == 0)
             modif_p++;
         else
@@ -4049,25 +2974,25 @@ int atcommand_char_ban (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     if (year == 0 && month == 0 && day == 0 && hour == 0 && minute == 0
         && second == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid time for ban command.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid time for ban command.");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // check player name
-    if (strlen (character) < 4)
+    if (strlen(character) < 4)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strlen (character) > 23)
+    else if (strlen(character) > 23)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
     {
-        chrif_char_ask_name (sd->status.account_id, character, 2, year, month, day, hour, minute, second);  // type: 2 - ban
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 2, year, month, day, hour, minute, second);  // type: 2 - ban
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -4077,36 +3002,36 @@ int atcommand_char_ban (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * charunblock command (usage: charunblock <player_name>)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_char_unblock (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_char_unblock(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                            const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charunblock <player_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // check player name
-    if (strlen (character) < 4)
+    if (strlen(character) < 4)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strlen (character) > 23)
+    else if (strlen(character) > 23)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
     {
         // send answer to login server via char-server
-        chrif_char_ask_name (sd->status.account_id, character, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 3 - unblock
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 3 - unblock
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -4116,36 +3041,36 @@ int atcommand_char_unblock (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * charunban command (usage: charunban <player_name>)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_char_unban (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_char_unban(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charunban <player_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     // check player name
-    if (strlen (character) < 4)
+    if (strlen(character) < 4)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have at least 4 characters.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strlen (character) > 23)
+    else if (strlen(character) > 23)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Sorry, but a player name have 23 characters maximum.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
     {
         // send answer to login server via char-server
-        chrif_char_ask_name (sd->status.account_id, character, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 4 - unban
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
+        chrif_char_ask_name(sd->status.account_id, character, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);    // type: 4 - unban
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character name sends to char-server to ask it.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -4155,128 +3080,62 @@ int atcommand_char_unban (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_character_save (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                              const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_save(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                              const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char map_name[100];
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
-    int  m;
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
+    int m;
 
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %d %d %99[^\n]", map_name, &x, &y,
+        || sscanf(message, "%99s %d %d %99[^\n]", map_name, &x, &y,
                    character) < 4 || x < 0 || y < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a valid save point and a player name (usage: @charsave <map> <x> <y> <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-        strcat (map_name, ".gat");
+    if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+        strcat(map_name, ".gat");
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can change save point only to lower or same gm level
-            m = map_mapname2mapid (map_name);
+            m = map_mapname2mapid(map_name);
             if (m < 0)
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
                 return -1;
             }
             else
             {
                 if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.nowarpto
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                          "You are not authorised to set this map as a save map.");
                     return -1;
                 }
-                pc_setsavepoint (pl_sd, map_name, x, y);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's respawn point changed.");
+                pc_setsavepoint(pl_sd, map_name, x, y);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's respawn point changed.");
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_night (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
-
-    if (night_flag != 1)
-    {
-        night_flag = 1;         // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
-        for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        {
-            if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
-                && pl_sd->state.auth)
-            {
-                pl_sd->opt2 |= STATE_BLIND;
-                clif_changeoption (&pl_sd->bl);
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "Night has fallen.");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, it's already the night. Impossible to execute the command.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_day (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
-
-    if (night_flag != 0)
-    {
-        night_flag = 0;         // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
-        for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        {
-            if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
-                && pl_sd->state.auth)
-            {
-                pl_sd->opt2 &= ~STATE_BLIND;
-                clif_changeoption (&pl_sd->bl);
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "Day has arrived.");
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Sorry, it's already the day. Impossible to execute the command.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4287,23 +3146,23 @@ int atcommand_day (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_doom (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_doom(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth && i != fd
-            && pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+            && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can doom only lower or same gm level
-            pc_damage (NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
+            pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
+            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
         }
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Judgement was made.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Judgement was made.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4312,23 +3171,23 @@ int atcommand_doom (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_doommap (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_doommap(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                       const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth && i != fd && sd->bl.m == pl_sd->bl.m
-            && pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+            && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can doom only lower or same gm level
-            pc_damage (NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
+            pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
+            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
         }
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Judgement was made.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Judgement was made.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4337,17 +3196,18 @@ int atcommand_doommap (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void atcommand_raise_sub (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+void atcommand_raise_sub(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    if (sd && sd->state.auth && pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (sd && sd->state.auth && pc_isdead(sd))
     {
         sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
         sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-        pc_setstand (sd);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-        clif_resurrection (&sd->bl, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "Mercy has been shown.");
+        pc_setstand(sd);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
+        clif_resurrection(&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Mercy has been shown.");
     }
 }
 
@@ -4355,17 +3215,17 @@ static void atcommand_raise_sub (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_raise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_raise(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                     const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i])
-            atcommand_raise_sub ((struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data);
+            atcommand_raise_sub((struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Mercy has been granted.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Mercy has been granted.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4374,19 +3234,19 @@ int atcommand_raise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_raisemap (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_raisemap(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                        const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth && sd->bl.m == pl_sd->bl.m)
-            atcommand_raise_sub (pl_sd);
+            atcommand_raise_sub(pl_sd);
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Mercy has been granted.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Mercy has been granted.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4395,34 +3255,34 @@ int atcommand_raisemap (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * atcommand_character_baselevel @charbaselvl�対象キャラ�レベルを上�る
  *------------------------------------------
 */
-int atcommand_character_baselevel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_baselevel(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
-    int  level = 0, i;
+    int level = 0, i;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &level, character) < 2
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &level, character) < 2
         || level == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a level adjustement and a player name (usage: @charblvl <#> <nickname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can change base level only lower or same gm level
 
             if (level > 0)
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.base_level == battle_config.maximum_level)
                 {               // check for max level by Valaris
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's base level can't go any higher.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level can't go any higher.");
                     return 0;
                 }               // End Addition
                 if (level > battle_config.maximum_level || level > (battle_config.maximum_level - pl_sd->status.base_level))    // fix positiv overflow
@@ -4433,19 +3293,19 @@ int atcommand_character_baselevel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                     pl_sd->status.status_point +=
                         (pl_sd->status.base_level + i + 14) / 4;
                 pl_sd->status.base_level += level;
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-                pc_calcstatus (pl_sd, 0);
-                pc_heal (pl_sd, pl_sd->status.max_hp, pl_sd->status.max_sp);
-                clif_misceffect (&pl_sd->bl, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's base level raised.");
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+                pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
+                pc_heal(pl_sd, pl_sd->status.max_hp, pl_sd->status.max_sp);
+                clif_misceffect(&pl_sd->bl, 0);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level raised.");
             }
             else
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.base_level == 1)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's base level can't go any lower.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level can't go any lower.");
                     return -1;
                 }
                 if (level < -battle_config.maximum_level || level < (1 - pl_sd->status.base_level)) // fix negativ overflow
@@ -4457,28 +3317,28 @@ int atcommand_character_baselevel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                             (pl_sd->status.base_level + i + 14) / 4;
                     if (pl_sd->status.status_point < 0)
                         pl_sd->status.status_point = 0;
-                    clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
+                    clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
                 }               // to add: remove status points from stats
                 pl_sd->status.base_level += level;
                 pl_sd->status.base_exp = 0;
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_BASEEXP);
-                pc_calcstatus (pl_sd, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's base level lowered.");
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::BASEEXP);
+                pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's base level lowered.");
             }
-	    // Reset their stat points to prevent extra points from stacking
-	    atcommand_charstreset(fd, sd,"@charstreset", character);
+            // Reset their stat points to prevent extra points from stacking
+            atcommand_charstreset(fd, sd,"@charstreset", character);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4489,86 +3349,81 @@ int atcommand_character_baselevel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * atcommand_character_joblevel @charjoblvl�対象キャラ�Jobレベルを上�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_character_joblevel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                  const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_joblevel(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                                  const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
-    int  max_level = 50, level = 0;
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    struct pc_base_job pl_s_class;
+    int max_level = 50, level = 0;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &level, character) < 2
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &level, character) < 2
         || level == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a level adjustement and a player name (usage: @charjlvl <#> <nickname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        pl_s_class = pc_calc_base_job (pl_sd->status.pc_class);
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
-        {                       // you can change job level only lower or same gm level
-            if (pl_s_class.job == 0)
-                max_level -= 40;
-            if ((pl_s_class.job == 23) || (pl_s_class.upper == 1 && pl_s_class.type == 2))  //スパノビ�転生��Jobレベル�最高�70
-                max_level += 20;
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
+        {
+            // you can change job level only lower or same gm level
+            max_level -= 40;
 
             if (level > 0)
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level == max_level)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's job level can't go any higher.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's job level can't go any higher.");
                     return -1;
                 }
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level + level > max_level)
                     level = max_level - pl_sd->status.job_level;
                 pl_sd->status.job_level += level;
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
                 pl_sd->status.skill_point += level;
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-                pc_calcstatus (pl_sd, 0);
-                clif_misceffect (&pl_sd->bl, 1);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "character's job level raised.");
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+                pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
+                clif_misceffect(&pl_sd->bl, 1);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "character's job level raised.");
             }
             else
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level == 1)
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's job level can't go any lower.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's job level can't go any lower.");
                     return -1;
                 }
                 if (pl_sd->status.job_level + level < 1)
                     level = 1 - pl_sd->status.job_level;
                 pl_sd->status.job_level += level;
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-                clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+                clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
                 if (pl_sd->status.skill_point > 0)
                 {
                     pl_sd->status.skill_point += level;
                     if (pl_sd->status.skill_point < 0)
                         pl_sd->status.skill_point = 0;
-                    clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
+                    clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
                 }               // to add: remove status points from skills
-                pc_calcstatus (pl_sd, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's job level lowered.");
+                pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's job level lowered.");
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4579,34 +3434,34 @@ int atcommand_character_joblevel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_kick (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_kick(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @kick <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))    // you can kick only lower or same gm level
-            clif_GM_kick (sd, pl_sd, 1);
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))    // you can kick only lower or same gm level
+            clif_GM_kick(sd, pl_sd, 1);
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4617,23 +3472,23 @@ int atcommand_kick (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_kickall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_kickall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                       const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
-            && pl_sd->state.auth && pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+            && pl_sd->state.auth && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can kick only lower or same gm level
             if (sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id)
-                clif_GM_kick (sd, pl_sd, 0);
+                clif_GM_kick(sd, pl_sd, 0);
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "All players have been kicked!");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All players have been kicked!");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4642,57 +3497,44 @@ int atcommand_kickall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_allskills (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_questskill(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    pc_allskillup (sd);         // all skills
-    sd->status.skill_point = 0; // 0 skill points
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);  // update
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "You have received all skills.");
+    int skill_id_;
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_questskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  skill_id;
-
-    if (!message || !*message || (skill_id = atoi (message)) < 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (skill_id_ = atoi(message)) < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a quest skill number (usage: @questskill <#:0+>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (skill_id >= 0 && skill_id < MAX_SKILL_DB)
+    SkillID skill_id = SkillID(skill_id_);
+
+    if (/*skill_id >= SkillID() &&*/ skill_id < SkillID::MAX_SKILL_DB)
     {
-        if (skill_get_inf2 (skill_id) & 0x01)
+        if (skill_get_inf2(skill_id) & 0x01)
         {
-            if (pc_checkskill (sd, skill_id) == 0)
+            if (pc_checkskill(sd, skill_id) == 0)
             {
-                pc_skill (sd, skill_id, 1, 0);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "You have learned the skill.");
+                pc_skill(sd, skill_id, 1, 0);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You have learned the skill.");
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "You already have this quest skill.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You already have this quest skill.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4703,56 +3545,58 @@ int atcommand_questskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charquestskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                              const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charquestskill(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                              const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  skill_id = 0;
+    int skill_id_ = 0;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill_id, character) < 2
-        || skill_id < 0)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill_id_, character) < 2
+        || skill_id_ < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a quest skill number and a player name (usage: @charquestskill <#:0+> <char_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (skill_id >= 0 && skill_id < MAX_SKILL_DB)
+    SkillID skill_id = SkillID(skill_id_);
+
+    if (/*skill_id >= SkillID() &&*/ skill_id < SkillID::MAX_SKILL_DB)
     {
-        if (skill_get_inf2 (skill_id) & 0x01)
+        if (skill_get_inf2(skill_id) & 0x01)
         {
-            if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+            if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
             {
-                if (pc_checkskill (pl_sd, skill_id) == 0)
+                if (pc_checkskill(pl_sd, skill_id) == 0)
                 {
-                    pc_skill (pl_sd, skill_id, 1, 0);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player has learned the skill.");
+                    pc_skill(pl_sd, skill_id, 1, 0);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player has learned the skill.");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player already has this quest skill.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player already has this quest skill.");
                     return -1;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4763,44 +3607,46 @@ int atcommand_charquestskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_lostskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_lostskill(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  skill_id;
+    int skill_id_;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || (skill_id = atoi (message)) < 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || (skill_id_ = atoi(message)) < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a quest skill number (usage: @lostskill <#:0+>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (skill_id >= 0 && skill_id < MAX_SKILL)
+    SkillID skill_id = SkillID(skill_id_);
+
+    if (/*skill_id >= SkillID() &&*/ skill_id < MAX_SKILL)
     {
-        if (skill_get_inf2 (skill_id) & 0x01)
+        if (skill_get_inf2(skill_id) & 0x01)
         {
-            if (pc_checkskill (sd, skill_id) > 0)
+            if (pc_checkskill(sd, skill_id) > 0)
             {
                 sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv = 0;
-                sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = 0;
-                clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "You have forgotten the skill.");
+                sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = SkillFlags::ZERO;
+                clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You have forgotten the skill.");
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "You don't have this quest skill.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "You don't have this quest skill.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4811,58 +3657,60 @@ int atcommand_lostskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charlostskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                             const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charlostskill(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                             const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  skill_id = 0;
+    int skill_id_ = 0;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill_id, character) < 2
-        || skill_id < 0)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill_id_, character) < 2
+        || skill_id_ < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a quest skill number and a player name (usage: @charlostskill <#:0+> <char_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (skill_id >= 0 && skill_id < MAX_SKILL)
+    SkillID skill_id = SkillID(skill_id_);
+
+    if (/*skill_id >= SkillID() &&*/ skill_id < MAX_SKILL)
     {
-        if (skill_get_inf2 (skill_id) & 0x01)
+        if (skill_get_inf2(skill_id) & 0x01)
         {
-            if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+            if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
             {
-                if (pc_checkskill (pl_sd, skill_id) > 0)
+                if (pc_checkskill(pl_sd, skill_id) > 0)
                 {
                     pl_sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv = 0;
-                    pl_sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = 0;
-                    clif_skillinfoblock (pl_sd);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player has forgotten the skill.");
+                    pl_sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = SkillFlags::ZERO;
+                    clif_skillinfoblock(pl_sd);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player has forgotten the skill.");
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player doesn't have this quest skill.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player doesn't have this quest skill.");
                     return -1;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist or isn't a quest skill.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This skill number doesn't exist.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4873,88 +3721,21 @@ int atcommand_charlostskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_party (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_party(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char party[100];
 
-    memset (party, '\0', sizeof (party));
+    memset(party, '\0', sizeof(party));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", party) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", party) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a party name (usage: @party <party_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    party_create (sd, party);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_guild (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    char guild[100];
-    int  prev;
-
-    memset (guild, '\0', sizeof (guild));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", guild) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a guild name (usage: @guild <guild_name>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    prev = battle_config.guild_emperium_check;
-    battle_config.guild_emperium_check = 0;
-    guild_create (sd, guild);
-    battle_config.guild_emperium_check = prev;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_agitstart (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    if (agit_flag == 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Already it has started siege warfare.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    agit_flag = 1;
-    guild_agit_start ();
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Guild siege warfare start!");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_agitend (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    if (agit_flag == 0)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Siege warfare hasn't started yet.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    agit_flag = 0;
-    guild_agit_end ();
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Guild siege warfare end!");
+    party_create(sd, party);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4963,11 +3744,11 @@ int atcommand_agitend (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @mapexit�マップサー�ーを終了��る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_mapexit (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_mapexit(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                       const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
@@ -4975,10 +3756,10 @@ int atcommand_mapexit (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             if (sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id)
-                clif_GM_kick (sd, pl_sd, 0);
+                clif_GM_kick(sd, pl_sd, 0);
         }
     }
-    clif_GM_kick (sd, sd, 0);
+    clif_GM_kick(sd, sd, 0);
 
     runflag = 0;
 
@@ -4989,39 +3770,37 @@ int atcommand_mapexit (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * idsearch <part_of_name>: revrited by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_idsearch (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_idsearch(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char item_name[100];
-    char output[200];
-    int  i, match;
+    int i, match;
     struct item_data *item;
 
-    memset (item_name, '\0', sizeof (item_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(item_name, '\0', sizeof(item_name));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99s", item_name) < 0)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99s", item_name) < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a part of item name (usage: @idsearch <part_of_item_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    sprintf (output, "The reference result of '%s' (name: id):", item_name);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("The reference result of '%s' (name: id):", item_name);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     match = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < 20000; i++)
     {
-        if ((item = itemdb_exists (i)) != NULL
-            && strstr (item->jname, item_name) != NULL)
+        if ((item = itemdb_exists(i)) != NULL
+            && strstr(item->jname, item_name) != NULL)
         {
             match++;
-            sprintf (output, "%s: %d", item->jname, item->nameid);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            output = STRPRINTF("%s: %d", item->jname, item->nameid);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
     }
-    sprintf (output, "It is %d affair above.", match);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("It is %d affair above.", match);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5030,40 +3809,39 @@ int atcommand_idsearch (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Skill Reset
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charskreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charskreset(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charskreset <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can reset skill points only lower or same gm level
-            pc_resetskill (pl_sd);
-            sprintf (output, "'%s' skill points reseted!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            pc_resetskill(pl_sd);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "'%s' skill points reseted!", character);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5074,40 +3852,40 @@ int atcommand_charskreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Stat Reset
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charstreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charstreset(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charstreset <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can reset stats points only lower or same gm level
-            pc_resetstate (pl_sd);
-            sprintf (output, "'%s' stats points reseted!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            pc_resetstate(pl_sd);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "'%s' stats points reseted!",
+                    character);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5118,43 +3896,42 @@ int atcommand_charstreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Reset
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charreset(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charreset <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can reset a character only for lower or same GM level
-            pc_resetstate (pl_sd);
-            pc_resetskill (pl_sd);
-            pc_setglobalreg (pl_sd, "MAGIC_FLAGS", 0);  // [Fate] Reset magic quest variables
-            pc_setglobalreg (pl_sd, "MAGIC_EXP", 0);    // [Fate] Reset magic experience
-            sprintf (output, "'%s' skill and stats points reseted!", character);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            pc_resetstate(pl_sd);
+            pc_resetskill(pl_sd);
+            pc_setglobalreg(pl_sd, "MAGIC_FLAGS", 0);  // [Fate] Reset magic quest variables
+            pc_setglobalreg(pl_sd, "MAGIC_EXP", 0);    // [Fate] Reset magic experience
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "'%s' skill and stats points reseted!", character);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5165,55 +3942,53 @@ int atcommand_charreset (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Wipe
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_char_wipe (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_char_wipe(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charwipe <charname>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can reset a character only for lower or same GM level
-            int  i;
+            int i;
 
             // Reset base level
             pl_sd->status.base_level = 1;
             pl_sd->status.base_exp = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_BASEEXP);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::BASEEXP);
 
             // Reset job level
             pl_sd->status.job_level = 1;
             pl_sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_JOBEXP);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::JOBEXP);
 
             // Zeny to 50
             pl_sd->status.zeny = 50;
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_ZENY);
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::ZENY);
 
             // Clear inventory
             for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
             {
                 if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
                 {
-                    if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
-                        pc_unequipitem (pl_sd, i, 0);
-                    pc_delitem (pl_sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 0);
+                    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                        pc_unequipitem(pl_sd, i, CalcStatus::NOW);
+                    pc_delitem(pl_sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 0);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -5222,29 +3997,29 @@ int atcommand_char_wipe (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             item.nameid = 1201; // knife
             item.identify = 1;
             item.broken = 0;
-            pc_additem (pl_sd, &item, 1);
+            pc_additem(pl_sd, &item, 1);
             item.nameid = 1202; // shirt
-            pc_additem (pl_sd, &item, 1);
+            pc_additem(pl_sd, &item, 1);
 
             // Reset stats and skills
-            pc_calcstatus (pl_sd, 0);
-            pc_resetstate (pl_sd);
-            pc_resetskill (pl_sd);
-            pc_setglobalreg (pl_sd, "MAGIC_FLAGS", 0);  // [Fate] Reset magic quest variables
-            pc_setglobalreg (pl_sd, "MAGIC_EXP", 0);    // [Fate] Reset magic experience
-
-            sprintf (output, "%s:  wiped.", character);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            pc_calcstatus(pl_sd, 0);
+            pc_resetstate(pl_sd);
+            pc_resetskill(pl_sd);
+            pc_setglobalreg(pl_sd, "MAGIC_FLAGS", 0);  // [Fate] Reset magic quest variables
+            pc_setglobalreg(pl_sd, "MAGIC_EXP", 0);    // [Fate] Reset magic experience
+
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF("%s:  wiped.", character);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5255,61 +4030,51 @@ int atcommand_char_wipe (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Model by chbrules
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charmodel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charmodel(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  hair_style = 0, hair_color = 0, cloth_color = 0;
+    int hair_style = 0, hair_color = 0, cloth_color = 0;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %d %d %99[^\n]", &hair_style, &hair_color,
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %d %d %99[^\n]", &hair_style, &hair_color,
                    &cloth_color, character) < 4 || hair_style < 0
         || hair_color < 0 || cloth_color < 0)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Please, enter a valid model and a player name (usage: @charmodel <hair ID: %d-%d> <hair color: %d-%d> <clothes color: %d-%d> <name>).",
-                 MIN_HAIR_STYLE, MAX_HAIR_STYLE, MIN_HAIR_COLOR,
-                 MAX_HAIR_COLOR, MIN_CLOTH_COLOR, MAX_CLOTH_COLOR);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Please, enter a valid model and a player name (usage: @charmodel <hair ID: %d-%d> <hair color: %d-%d> <clothes color: %d-%d> <name>).",
+                MIN_HAIR_STYLE, MAX_HAIR_STYLE,
+                MIN_HAIR_COLOR, MAX_HAIR_COLOR,
+                MIN_CLOTH_COLOR, MAX_CLOTH_COLOR);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         if (hair_style >= MIN_HAIR_STYLE && hair_style <= MAX_HAIR_STYLE &&
             hair_color >= MIN_HAIR_COLOR && hair_color <= MAX_HAIR_COLOR &&
             cloth_color >= MIN_CLOTH_COLOR && cloth_color <= MAX_CLOTH_COLOR)
         {
-
-            if (cloth_color != 0 &&
-                pl_sd->status.sex == 1 &&
-                (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 12 || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 17))
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "You can't use this command with this class.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-            else
             {
-                pc_changelook (pl_sd, LOOK_HAIR, hair_style);
-                pc_changelook (pl_sd, LOOK_HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
-                pc_changelook (pl_sd, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Appearence changed.");
+                pc_changelook(pl_sd, LOOK::HAIR, hair_style);
+                pc_changelook(pl_sd, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, hair_color);
+                pc_changelook(pl_sd, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR, cloth_color);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Appearence changed.");
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "An invalid number was specified.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5320,26 +4085,26 @@ int atcommand_charmodel (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Skill Point (Rewritten by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charskpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charskpoint(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
-    int  new_skill_point;
-    int  point = 0;
+    int new_skill_point;
+    int point = 0;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &point, character) < 2
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &point, character) < 2
         || point == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a number and a player name (usage: @charskpoint <amount> <name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         new_skill_point = (int) pl_sd->status.skill_point + point;
         if (point > 0 && (point > 0x7FFF || new_skill_point > 0x7FFF))  // fix positiv overflow
@@ -5349,21 +4114,21 @@ int atcommand_charskpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (new_skill_point != (int) pl_sd->status.skill_point)
         {
             pl_sd->status.skill_point = new_skill_point;
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's number of skill points changed!");
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's number of skill points changed!");
         }
         else
         {
             if (point < 0)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
             else
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5374,26 +4139,26 @@ int atcommand_charskpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Status Point (rewritten by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charstpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charstpoint(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
-    int  new_status_point;
-    int  point = 0;
+    int new_status_point;
+    int point = 0;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &point, character) < 2
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &point, character) < 2
         || point == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a number and a player name (usage: @charstpoint <amount> <name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         new_status_point = (int) pl_sd->status.status_point + point;
         if (point > 0 && (point > 0x7FFF || new_status_point > 0x7FFF)) // fix positiv overflow
@@ -5403,21 +4168,21 @@ int atcommand_charstpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (new_status_point != (int) pl_sd->status.status_point)
         {
             pl_sd->status.status_point = new_status_point;
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's number of status points changed!");
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's number of status points changed!");
         }
         else
         {
             if (point < 0)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
             else
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5428,24 +4193,24 @@ int atcommand_charstpoint (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Character Zeny Point (Rewritten by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charzeny (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charzeny(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
-    int  zeny = 0, new_zeny;
+    int zeny = 0, new_zeny;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &zeny, character) < 2 || zeny == 0)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &zeny, character) < 2 || zeny == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a number and a player name (usage: @charzeny <zeny> <name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         new_zeny = pl_sd->status.zeny + zeny;
         if (zeny > 0 && (zeny > MAX_ZENY || new_zeny > MAX_ZENY))   // fix positiv overflow
@@ -5455,21 +4220,21 @@ int atcommand_charzeny (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (new_zeny != pl_sd->status.zeny)
         {
             pl_sd->status.zeny = new_zeny;
-            clif_updatestatus (pl_sd, SP_ZENY);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's number of zenys changed!");
+            clif_updatestatus(pl_sd, SP::ZENY);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character's number of zenys changed!");
         }
         else
         {
             if (zeny < 0)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to decrease the number/value.");
             else
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Impossible to increase the number/value.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5480,20 +4245,17 @@ int atcommand_charzeny (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Recall All Characters Online To Your Location
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_recallall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_recallall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
-    int  count;
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    int i;
+    int count;
 
     if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -5504,92 +4266,23 @@ int atcommand_recallall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth
             && sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id
-            && pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+            && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can recall only lower or same level
             if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                 count++;
             else
-                pc_setpos (pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 2);
+                pc_setpos(pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "All characters recalled!");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "All characters recalled!");
     if (count)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
-                 count);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Recall online characters of a guild to your location
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_guildrecall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
-    char guild_name[100];
-    char output[200];
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  count;
-
-    memset (guild_name, '\0', sizeof (guild_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", guild_name) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a guild name/id (usage: @guildrecall <guild_name/id>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((g = guild_searchname (guild_name)) != NULL ||  // name first to avoid error when name begin with a number
-        (g = guild_search (atoi (message))) != NULL)
-    {
-        count = 0;
-        for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        {
-            if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
-                && pl_sd->state.auth
-                && sd->status.account_id != pl_sd->status.account_id
-                && pl_sd->status.guild_id == g->guild_id)
-            {
-                if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
-                    count++;
-                else
-                    pc_setpos (pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 2);
-            }
-        }
-        sprintf (output, "All online characters of the %s guild are near you.", g->name);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        if (count)
-        {
-            sprintf (output,
-                     "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
-                     count);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Incorrect name/ID, or no one from the guild is online.");
-        return -1;
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
+                count);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -5599,36 +4292,34 @@ int atcommand_guildrecall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Recall online characters of a party to your location
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_partyrecall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_partyrecall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char party_name[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct party *p;
-    int  count;
+    int count;
 
-    memset (party_name, '\0', sizeof (party_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(party_name, '\0', sizeof(party_name));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", party_name) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", party_name) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a party name/id (usage: @partyrecall <party_name/id>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "You are not authorised to warp somenone to your actual map.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((p = party_searchname (party_name)) != NULL ||  // name first to avoid error when name begin with a number
-        (p = party_search (atoi (message))) != NULL)
+    if ((p = party_searchname(party_name)) != NULL ||  // name first to avoid error when name begin with a number
+        (p = party_search(atoi(message))) != NULL)
     {
         count = 0;
         for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
@@ -5639,25 +4330,25 @@ int atcommand_partyrecall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                 && pl_sd->status.party_id == p->party_id)
             {
                 if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+                    && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
                     count++;
                 else
-                    pc_setpos (pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 2);
+                    pc_setpos(pl_sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
             }
         }
-        sprintf (output, "All online characters of the %s party are near you.", p->name);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF("All online characters of the %s party are near you.", p->name);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         if (count)
         {
-            sprintf (output,
-                     "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
-                     count);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "Because you are not authorised to warp from some maps, %d player(s) have not been recalled.",
+                    count);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5668,11 +4359,11 @@ int atcommand_partyrecall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_reloaditemdb (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_reloaditemdb(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                            const char *, const char *)
 {
-    itemdb_reload ();
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Item database reloaded.");
+    itemdb_reload();
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Item database reloaded.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5681,11 +4372,11 @@ int atcommand_reloaditemdb (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_reloadmobdb (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_reloadmobdb(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                           const char *, const char *)
 {
-    mob_reload ();
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Monster database reloaded.");
+    mob_reload();
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Monster database reloaded.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5694,11 +4385,11 @@ int atcommand_reloadmobdb (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_reloadskilldb (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                             const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_reloadskilldb(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                             const char *, const char *)
 {
-    skill_reload ();
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Skill database reloaded.");
+    skill_reload();
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Skill database reloaded.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5707,15 +4398,15 @@ int atcommand_reloadskilldb (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_reloadscript (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_reloadscript(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                            const char *, const char *)
 {
-    do_init_npc ();
-    do_init_script ();
+    do_init_npc();
+    do_init_script();
 
-    npc_event_do_oninit ();
+    npc_event_do_oninit();
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Scripts reloaded.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Scripts reloaded.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5724,13 +4415,12 @@ int atcommand_reloadscript (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_reloadgmdb (      // by [Yor]
-                             const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                             const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_reloadgmdb(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+        const char *, const char *)
 {
-    chrif_reloadGMdb ();
+    chrif_reloadGMdb();
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Login-server asked to reload GM accounts and their level.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Login-server asked to reload GM accounts and their level.");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5744,93 +4434,86 @@ int atcommand_reloadgmdb (      // by [Yor]
  * 3 = Shows the shops/chats in that map (not implemented)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_mapinfo (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_mapinfo(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                       const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     struct npc_data *nd = NULL;
     struct chat_data *cd = NULL;
-    char output[200], map_name[100];
-    char direction[12];
-    int  m_id, i, chat_num, list = 0;
+    char map_name[100];
+    const char *direction = NULL;
+    int m_id, i, chat_num, list = 0;
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
-    memset (direction, '\0', sizeof (direction));
+    memset(map_name, '\0', sizeof(map_name));
 
-    sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &list, map_name);
+    sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &list, map_name);
 
     if (list < 0 || list > 3)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter at least a valid list number (usage: @mapinfo <0-3> [map]).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (map_name[0] == '\0')
-        strcpy (map_name, sd->mapname);
-    if (strstr (map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr (map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen (map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
-        strcat (map_name, ".gat");
+        strcpy(map_name, sd->mapname);
+    if (strstr(map_name, ".gat") == NULL && strstr(map_name, ".afm") == NULL && strlen(map_name) < 13)   // 16 - 4 (.gat)
+        strcat(map_name, ".gat");
 
-    if ((m_id = map_mapname2mapid (map_name)) < 0)
+    if ((m_id = map_mapname2mapid(map_name)) < 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Map not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "------ Map Info ------");
-    sprintf (output, "Map Name: %s", map_name);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "Players In Map: %d", map[m_id].users);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "NPCs In Map: %d", map[m_id].npc_num);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "------ Map Info ------");
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("Map Name: %s", map_name);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("Players In Map: %d", map[m_id].users);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("NPCs In Map: %d", map[m_id].npc_num);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     chat_num = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth
-            && (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (pl_sd->chatID)))
+            && (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl(pl_sd->chatID)))
         {
             chat_num++;
         }
     }
-    sprintf (output, "Chats In Map: %d", chat_num);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "------ Map Flags ------");
-    sprintf (output, "Player vs Player: %s | No Guild: %s | No Party: %s",
+    output = STRPRINTF("Chats In Map: %d", chat_num);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "------ Map Flags ------");
+    output = STRPRINTF("Player vs Player: %s | No Party: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.pvp) ? "True" : "False",
-             (map[m_id].flag.pvp_noguild) ? "True" : "False",
              (map[m_id].flag.pvp_noparty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "Guild vs Guild: %s | No Party: %s",
-             (map[m_id].flag.gvg) ? "True" : "False",
-             (map[m_id].flag.gvg_noparty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Dead Branch: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Dead Branch: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.nobranch) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Memo: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Memo: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.nomemo) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Penalty: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Penalty: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.nopenalty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Return: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Return: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.noreturn) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Save: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Save: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.nosave) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Teleport: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Teleport: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.noteleport) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Monster Teleport: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Monster Teleport: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.monster_noteleport) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-    sprintf (output, "No Zeny Penalty: %s",
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+    output = STRPRINTF("No Zeny Penalty: %s",
              (map[m_id].flag.nozenypenalty) ? "True" : "False");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
 
     switch (list)
     {
@@ -5838,217 +4521,94 @@ int atcommand_mapinfo (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             // Do nothing. It's list 0, no additional display.
             break;
         case 1:
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "----- Players in Map -----");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "----- Players in Map -----");
             for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
                 if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
                     && pl_sd->state.auth
-                    && strcmp (pl_sd->mapname, map_name) == 0)
+                    && strcmp(pl_sd->mapname, map_name) == 0)
                 {
-                    sprintf (output,
+                    output = STRPRINTF(
                              "Player '%s' (session #%d) | Location: %d,%d",
                              pl_sd->status.name, i, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 }
             }
             break;
         case 2:
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "----- NPCs in Map -----");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "----- NPCs in Map -----");
             for (i = 0; i < map[m_id].npc_num;)
             {
                 nd = map[m_id].npc[i];
                 switch (nd->dir)
                 {
-                    case 0:
-                        strcpy (direction, "North");
+                    case DIR::S:
+                        direction = "North";
                         break;
-                    case 1:
-                        strcpy (direction, "North West");
+                    case DIR::SW:
+                        direction = "North West";
                         break;
-                    case 2:
-                        strcpy (direction, "West");
+                    case DIR::W:
+                        direction = "West";
                         break;
-                    case 3:
-                        strcpy (direction, "South West");
+                    case DIR::NW:
+                        direction = "South West";
                         break;
-                    case 4:
-                        strcpy (direction, "South");
+                    case DIR::N:
+                        direction = "South";
                         break;
-                    case 5:
-                        strcpy (direction, "South East");
+                    case DIR::NE:
+                        direction = "South East";
                         break;
-                    case 6:
-                        strcpy (direction, "East");
+                    case DIR::E:
+                        direction = "East";
                         break;
-                    case 7:
-                        strcpy (direction, "North East");
+                    case DIR::SE:
+                        direction = "North East";
                         break;
+#if 0
                     case 9:
-                        strcpy (direction, "North");
+                        direction = "North";
                         break;
+#endif
                     default:
-                        strcpy (direction, "Unknown");
+                        direction = "Unknown";
                         break;
                 }
-                sprintf (output,
+                output = STRPRINTF(
                          "NPC %d: %s | Direction: %s | Sprite: %d | Location: %d %d",
                          ++i, nd->name, direction, nd->npc_class, nd->bl.x,
                          nd->bl.y);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
             break;
         case 3:
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "----- Chats in Map -----");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "----- Chats in Map -----");
             for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
                 if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
                     && pl_sd->state.auth
-                    && (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (pl_sd->chatID))
-                    && strcmp (pl_sd->mapname, map_name) == 0
+                    && (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl(pl_sd->chatID))
+                    && strcmp(pl_sd->mapname, map_name) == 0
                     && cd->usersd[0] == pl_sd)
                 {
-                    sprintf (output,
+                    output = STRPRINTF(
                              "Chat %d: %s | Player: %s | Location: %d %d", i,
                              cd->title, pl_sd->status.name, cd->bl.x,
                              cd->bl.y);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                    sprintf (output,
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+                    output = STRPRINTF(
                              "   Users: %d/%d | Password: %s | Public: %s",
                              cd->users, cd->limit, cd->pass,
                              (cd->pub) ? "Yes" : "No");
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 }
             }
             break;
         default:               // normally impossible to arrive here
-            clif_displaymessage (fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                  "Please, enter at least a valid list number (usage: @mapinfo <0-3> [map]).");
             return -1;
-            break;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_mount_peco (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    if (sd->disguise > 0)
-    {                           // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Cannot mount a Peco while in disguise.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (!pc_isriding (sd))
-    {                           // if actually no peco
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 7 || sd->status.pc_class == 14
-            || sd->status.pc_class == 4008 || sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.pc_class == 7)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 13;
-            else if (sd->status.pc_class == 14)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 21;
-            else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4008)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4014;
-            else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-                sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4022;
-            pc_setoption (sd, sd->status.option | 0x0020);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Mounted Peco.");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "You can not mount a peco with your job.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 13)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 7;
-        else if (sd->status.pc_class == 21)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 14;
-        else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4014)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4008;
-        else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4015;
-        pc_setoption (sd, sd->status.option & ~0x0020);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Unmounted Peco.");
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_char_mount_peco (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    char character[100];
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charmountpeco <char_name>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (pl_sd->disguise > 0)
-        {                       // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris]
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player cannot mount a Peco while in disguise.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (!pc_isriding (pl_sd))
-        {                       // if actually no peco
-            if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 7 || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 14
-                || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4008 || pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-            {
-                if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 7)
-                    pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 13;
-                else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 14)
-                    pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 21;
-                else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4008)
-                    pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4014;
-                else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-                    pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4022;
-                pc_setoption (pl_sd, pl_sd->status.option | 0x0020);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Now, this player mounts a peco.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player can not mount a peco with his/her job.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 13)
-                pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 7;
-            else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 21)
-                pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 14;
-            else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4014)
-                pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4008;
-            else if (pl_sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-                pl_sd->status.pc_class = pl_sd->view_class = 4015;
-            pc_setoption (pl_sd, pl_sd->status.option & ~0x0020);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Now, this player has not more peco.");
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-        return -1;
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -6058,88 +4618,40 @@ int atcommand_char_mount_peco (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *Spy Commands by Syrus22
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_guildspy (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    char guild_name[100];
-    char output[200];
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    memset (guild_name, '\0', sizeof (guild_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", guild_name) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a guild name/id (usage: @guildspy <guild_name/id>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((g = guild_searchname (guild_name)) != NULL ||  // name first to avoid error when name begin with a number
-        (g = guild_search (atoi (message))) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (sd->guildspy == g->guild_id)
-        {
-            sd->guildspy = 0;
-            sprintf (output, "No longer spying on the %s guild.", g->name);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            sd->guildspy = g->guild_id;
-            sprintf (output, "Spying on the %s guild.", g->name);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Incorrect name/ID, or no one from the guild is online.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_partyspy (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_partyspy(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char party_name[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct party *p;
 
-    memset (party_name, '\0', sizeof (party_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(party_name, '\0', sizeof(party_name));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", party_name) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", party_name) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a party name/id (usage: @partyspy <party_name/id>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((p = party_searchname (party_name)) != NULL ||  // name first to avoid error when name begin with a number
-        (p = party_search (atoi (message))) != NULL)
+    if ((p = party_searchname(party_name)) != NULL ||  // name first to avoid error when name begin with a number
+        (p = party_search(atoi(message))) != NULL)
     {
         if (sd->partyspy == p->party_id)
         {
             sd->partyspy = 0;
-            sprintf (output, "No longer spying on the %s party.", p->name);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF("No longer spying on the %s party.", p->name);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
             sd->partyspy = p->party_id;
-            sprintf (output, "Spying on the %s party.", p->name);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF("Spying on the %s party.", p->name);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Incorrect name or ID, or no one from the party is online.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -6150,28 +4662,28 @@ int atcommand_partyspy (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_enablenpc (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_enablenpc(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char NPCname[100];
 
-    memset (NPCname, '\0', sizeof (NPCname));
+    memset(NPCname, '\0', sizeof(NPCname));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", NPCname) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", NPCname) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a NPC name (usage: @npcon <NPC_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (npc_name2id (NPCname) != NULL)
+    if (npc_name2id(NPCname) != NULL)
     {
-        npc_enable (NPCname, 1);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Npc Enabled.");
+        npc_enable(NPCname, 1);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Npc Enabled.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -6182,28 +4694,28 @@ int atcommand_enablenpc (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_disablenpc (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_disablenpc(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                          const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char NPCname[100];
 
-    memset (NPCname, '\0', sizeof (NPCname));
+    memset(NPCname, '\0', sizeof(NPCname));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", NPCname) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", NPCname) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a NPC name (usage: @npcoff <NPC_name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (npc_name2id (NPCname) != NULL)
+    if (npc_name2id(NPCname) != NULL)
     {
-        npc_enable (NPCname, 0);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Npc Disabled.");
+        npc_enable(NPCname, 0);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Npc Disabled.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "This NPC doesn't exist.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -6211,128 +4723,21 @@ int atcommand_disablenpc (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * time in txt for time command (by [Yor])
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-const char *txt_time (unsigned int duration)
-{
-    int  days, hours, minutes, seconds;
-    char temp[256];
-    static char temp1[256];
-
-    memset (temp, '\0', sizeof (temp));
-    memset (temp1, '\0', sizeof (temp1));
-
-    if (duration < 0)
-        duration = 0;
-
-    days = duration / (60 * 60 * 24);
-    duration = duration - (60 * 60 * 24 * days);
-    hours = duration / (60 * 60);
-    duration = duration - (60 * 60 * hours);
-    minutes = duration / 60;
-    seconds = duration - (60 * minutes);
-
-    if (days < 2)
-        sprintf (temp, "%d day", days);
-    else
-        sprintf (temp, "%d days", days);
-    if (hours < 2)
-        sprintf (temp1, "%s %d hour", temp, hours);
-    else
-        sprintf (temp1, "%s %d hours", temp, hours);
-    if (minutes < 2)
-        sprintf (temp, "%s %d minute", temp1, minutes);
-    else
-        sprintf (temp, "%s %d minutes", temp1, minutes);
-    if (seconds < 2)
-        sprintf (temp1, "%s and %d second", temp, seconds);
-    else
-        sprintf (temp1, "%s and %d seconds", temp, seconds);
-
-    return temp1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * @time/@date/@server_date/@serverdate/@server_time/@servertime: Display the date/time of the server (by [Yor]
  * Calculation management of GM modification (@day/@night GM commands) is done
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_servertime (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_servertime(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                          const char *, const char *)
 {
-    struct TimerData *timer_data;
-    struct TimerData *timer_data2;
-    time_t time_server;         // variable for number of seconds (used with time() function)
-    struct tm *datetime;        // variable for time in structure ->tm_mday, ->tm_sec, ...
-    char temp[256];
-
-    memset (temp, '\0', sizeof (temp));
+    timestamp_seconds_buffer tsbuf;
+    stamp_time(tsbuf);
+    std::string temp = STRPRINTF("Server time: %s", tsbuf);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, temp);
 
-    time (&time_server);        // get time in seconds since 1/1/1970
-    datetime = gmtime (&time_server);   // convert seconds in structure
-    // like sprintf, but only for date/time (Sunday, November 02 2003 15:12:52)
-    strftime (temp, sizeof (temp) - 1, "Server time (normal time): %A, %B %d %Y %X.", datetime);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-
-    if (battle_config.night_duration == 0 && battle_config.day_duration == 0)
     {
-        if (night_flag == 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Game time: The game is in permanent daylight.");
-        else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Game time: The game is in permanent night.");
-    }
-    else if (battle_config.night_duration == 0)
-        if (night_flag == 1)
-        {                       // we start with night
-            timer_data = get_timer (day_timer_tid);
-            sprintf (temp, "Game time: The game is actualy in night for %s.", txt_time ((timer_data->tick - gettick ()) / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Game time: After, the game will be in permanent daylight.");
-        }
-        else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Game time: The game is in permanent daylight.");
-    else if (battle_config.day_duration == 0)
-        if (night_flag == 0)
-        {                       // we start with day
-            timer_data = get_timer (night_timer_tid);
-            sprintf (temp, "Game time: The game is actualy in daylight for %s.", txt_time ((timer_data->tick - gettick ()) / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Game time: After, the game will be in permanent night.");
-        }
-        else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Game time: The game is in permanent night.");
-    else
-    {
-        if (night_flag == 0)
-        {
-            timer_data = get_timer (night_timer_tid);
-            timer_data2 = get_timer (day_timer_tid);
-            sprintf (temp, "Game time: The game is actualy in daylight for %s.", txt_time ((timer_data->tick - gettick ()) / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-            if (timer_data->tick > timer_data2->tick)
-                sprintf (temp, "Game time: After, the game will be in night for %s.", txt_time ((timer_data->interval - abs (timer_data->tick - timer_data2->tick)) / 1000));
-            else
-                sprintf (temp, "Game time: After, the game will be in night for %s.", txt_time (abs (timer_data->tick - timer_data2->tick) / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-            sprintf (temp, "Game time: A day cycle has a normal duration of %s.", txt_time (timer_data->interval / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            timer_data = get_timer (day_timer_tid);
-            timer_data2 = get_timer (night_timer_tid);
-            sprintf (temp, "Game time: The game is actualy in night for %s.", txt_time ((timer_data->tick - gettick ()) / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-            if (timer_data->tick > timer_data2->tick)
-                sprintf (temp, "Game time: After, the game will be in daylight for %s.", txt_time ((timer_data->interval - abs (timer_data->tick - timer_data2->tick)) / 1000));
-            else
-                sprintf (temp, "Game time: After, the game will be in daylight for %s.", txt_time (abs (timer_data->tick - timer_data2->tick) / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-            sprintf (temp, "Game time: A day cycle has a normal duration of %s.", txt_time (timer_data->interval / 1000));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, temp);
-        }
+        if (0 == 0)
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Game time: The game is in permanent daylight.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -6345,264 +4750,80 @@ int atcommand_servertime (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Inspired from a old command created by RoVeRT
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_chardelitem (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_chardelitem(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char character[100];
     char item_name[100];
-    int  i, number = 0, item_id, item_position, count;
-    char output[200];
+    int i, number = 0, item_id, item_position, count;
     struct item_data *item_data;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (item_name, '\0', sizeof (item_name));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
+    memset(item_name, '\0', sizeof(item_name));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%s %d %99[^\n]", item_name, &number,
+        || sscanf(message, "%s %d %99[^\n]", item_name, &number,
                    character) < 3 || number < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter an item name/id, a quantity and a player name (usage: @chardelitem <item_name_or_ID> <quantity> <player>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
     item_id = 0;
-    if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname (item_name)) != NULL ||
-        (item_data = itemdb_exists (atoi (item_name))) != NULL)
+    if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname(item_name)) != NULL ||
+        (item_data = itemdb_exists(atoi(item_name))) != NULL)
         item_id = item_data->nameid;
 
     if (item_id > 500)
     {
-        if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+        if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
         {
-            if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+            if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
             {                   // you can kill only lower or same level
-                item_position = pc_search_inventory (pl_sd, item_id);
+                item_position = pc_search_inventory(pl_sd, item_id);
                 if (item_position >= 0)
                 {
                     count = 0;
                     for (i = 0; i < number && item_position >= 0; i++)
                     {
-                        pc_delitem (pl_sd, item_position, 1, 0);
+                        pc_delitem(pl_sd, item_position, 1, 0);
                         count++;
-                        item_position = pc_search_inventory (pl_sd, item_id);   // for next loop
+                        item_position = pc_search_inventory(pl_sd, item_id);   // for next loop
                     }
-                    sprintf (output, "%d item(s) removed by a GM.", count);
-                    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, output);
+                    std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                            "%d item(s) removed by a GM.",
+                            count);
+                    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, output);
+
                     if (number == count)
-                        sprintf (output, "%d item(s) removed from the player.", count);
+                        output = STRPRINTF("%d item(s) removed from the player.", count);
                     else
-                        sprintf (output, "%d item(s) removed. Player had only %d on %d items.", count, count, number);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        output = STRPRINTF("%d item(s) removed. Player had only %d on %d items.", count, count, number);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character does not have the item.");
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character does not have the item.");
                     return -1;
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid item ID or name.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @jail <char_name> by [Yor]
- * Special warp! No check with nowarp and nowarpto flag
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_jail (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    char character[100];
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  x, y;
-
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a player name (usage: @jail <char_name>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
-        {                       // you can jail only lower or same GM
-            switch (MRAND (2))
-            {
-                case 0:
-                    x = 24;
-                    y = 75;
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    x = 49;
-                    y = 75;
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (pc_setpos (pl_sd, "sec_pri.gat", x, y, 3) == 0)
-            {
-                pc_setsavepoint (pl_sd, "sec_pri.gat", x, y);   // Save Char Respawn Point in the jail room [Lupus]
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "GM has send you in jails.");
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Player warped in jails.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @unjail/@discharge <char_name> by [Yor]
- * Special warp! No check with nowarp and nowarpto flag
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_unjail (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    char character[100];
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a player name (usage: @unjail/@discharge <char_name>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
-        {                       // you can jail only lower or same GM
-            if (pl_sd->bl.m != map_mapname2mapid ("sec_pri.gat"))
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player is not in jails.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-            else if (pc_setpos (pl_sd, "prontera.gat", 156, 191, 3) == 0)
-            {
-                pc_setsavepoint (pl_sd, "prontera.gat", 156, 191);  // Save char respawn point in Prontera
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "GM has discharge you.");
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Player warped to Prontera.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map not found.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @disguise <mob_id> by [Valaris] (simplified by [Yor])
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_disguise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  mob_id;
-
-    if (!message || !*message)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a Monster/NPC name/id (usage: @disguise <monster_name_or_monster_ID>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((mob_id = mobdb_searchname (message)) == 0) // check name first (to avoid possible name begining by a number)
-        mob_id = atoi (message);
-
-    if ((mob_id >= 46 && mob_id <= 125) || (mob_id >= 700 && mob_id <= 718) ||  // NPC
-        (mob_id >= 721 && mob_id <= 755) || (mob_id >= 757 && mob_id <= 811) || // NPC
-        (mob_id >= 813 && mob_id <= 834) || // NPC
-        (mob_id > 1000 && mob_id < 1521))
-    {                           // monsters
-        if (pc_isriding (sd))
-        {                       // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris]
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Cannot wear disguise while riding a Peco.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
             return -1;
         }
-        sd->disguiseflag = 1;   // set to override items with disguise script [Valaris]
-        sd->disguise = mob_id;
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 3);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Disguise applied.");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Monster/NPC name/id hasn't been found.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @undisguise by [Yor]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_undisguise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    if (sd->disguise)
-    {
-        clif_clearchar (&sd->bl, 9);
-        sd->disguise = 0;
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 3);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Undisguise applied.");
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You're not disguised.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid item ID or name.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -6613,22 +4834,18 @@ int atcommand_undisguise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @broadcast by [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_broadcast (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                         const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_broadcast(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                         const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
     if (!message || !*message)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a message (usage: @broadcast <message>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    snprintf (output, 199, "%s : %s", sd->status.name, message);
-    intif_GMmessage (output, strlen (output) + 1, 0);
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("%s : %s", sd->status.name, message);
+    intif_GMmessage(output, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6637,23 +4854,19 @@ int atcommand_broadcast (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @localbroadcast by [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_localbroadcast (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                              const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_localbroadcast(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                              const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char output[200];
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
     if (!message || !*message)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a message (usage: @localbroadcast <message>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    snprintf (output, 199, "%s : %s", sd->status.name, message);
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("%s : %s", sd->status.name, message);
 
-    clif_GMmessage (&sd->bl, output, strlen (output) + 1, 1);   // 1: ALL_SAMEMAP
+    clif_GMmessage(&sd->bl, output, 1);   // 1: ALL_SAMEMAP
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6662,41 +4875,42 @@ int atcommand_localbroadcast (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @ignorelist by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_ignorelist (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                          const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_ignorelist(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                          const char *, const char *)
 {
-    char output[200];
-    int  count;
-    int  i;
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    int count;
+    int i;
 
     count = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < (int) (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0])); i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)(sizeof(sd->ignore) / sizeof(sd->ignore[0])); i++)
         if (sd->ignore[i].name[0])
             count++;
 
     if (sd->ignoreAll == 0)
         if (count == 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "You accept any wisp (no wisper is refused).");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "You accept any wisp (no wisper is refused).");
         else
         {
-            sprintf (output, "You accept any wisp, except thoses from %d player(s):", count);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "You accept any wisp, except thoses from %d player (s):",
+                    count);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
     else if (count == 0)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You refuse all wisps (no specifical wisper is refused).");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You refuse all wisps (no specifical wisper is refused).");
     else
     {
-        sprintf (output, "You refuse all wisps, AND refuse wisps from %d player(s):", count);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "You refuse all wisps, AND refuse wisps from %d player (s):",
+                count);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
     }
 
     if (count > 0)
-        for (i = 0; i < (int) (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0]));
+        for (i = 0; i < (int)(sizeof(sd->ignore) / sizeof(sd->ignore[0]));
              i++)
             if (sd->ignore[i].name[0])
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, sd->ignore[i].name);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, sd->ignore[i].name);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6705,30 +4919,28 @@ int atcommand_ignorelist (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @charignorelist <player_name> by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_charignorelist (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                              const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charignorelist(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                              const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    char output[200];
-    int  count;
-    int  i;
+    int count;
+    int i;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charignorelist <char name>).");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
+                "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charignorelist <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
         count = 0;
         for (i = 0;
-             i < (int) (sizeof (pl_sd->ignore) / sizeof (pl_sd->ignore[0]));
+             i < (int)(sizeof(pl_sd->ignore) / sizeof(pl_sd->ignore[0]));
              i++)
             if (pl_sd->ignore[i].name[0])
                 count++;
@@ -6736,37 +4948,45 @@ int atcommand_charignorelist (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (pl_sd->ignoreAll == 0)
             if (count == 0)
             {
-                sprintf (output, "'%s' accept any wisp (no wisper is refused).", pl_sd->status.name);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "'%s' accept any wisp (no wisper is refused).",
+                        pl_sd->status.name);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
             else
             {
-                sprintf (output, "'%s' accept any wisp, except thoses from %d player(s):", pl_sd->status.name, count);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "'%s' accept any wisp, except thoses from %d player(s):",
+                        pl_sd->status.name, count);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
         else if (count == 0)
         {
-            sprintf (output, "'%s' refuse all wisps (no specifical wisper is refused).", pl_sd->status.name);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "'%s' refuse all wisps (no specifical wisper is refused).",
+                    pl_sd->status.name);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
         else
         {
-            sprintf (output, "'%s' refuse all wisps, AND refuse wisps from %d player(s):", pl_sd->status.name, count);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                    "'%s' refuse all wisps, AND refuse wisps from %d player(s):",
+                    pl_sd->status.name, count);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
         }
 
         if (count > 0)
             for (i = 0;
                  i <
-                 (int) (sizeof (pl_sd->ignore) / sizeof (pl_sd->ignore[0]));
+                 (int)(sizeof(pl_sd->ignore) / sizeof(pl_sd->ignore[0]));
                  i++)
                 if (pl_sd->ignore[i].name[0])
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, pl_sd->ignore[i].name);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, pl_sd->ignore[i].name);
 
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -6777,55 +4997,57 @@ int atcommand_charignorelist (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @inall <player_name> by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_inall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_inall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @inall <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can change wisp option only to lower or same level
             if (pl_sd->ignoreAll == 0)
             {
-                sprintf (output, "'%s' already accepts all wispers.", pl_sd->status.name);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "'%s' already accepts all wispers.",
+                        pl_sd->status.name);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 return -1;
             }
             else
             {
                 pl_sd->ignoreAll = 0;
-                sprintf (output, "'%s' now accepts all wispers.", pl_sd->status.name);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "'%s' now accepts all wispers.",
+                        pl_sd->status.name);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 // message to player
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "A GM has authorised all wispers for you.");
-                WFIFOW (pl_sd->fd, 0) = 0x0d2;  // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
-                WFIFOB (pl_sd->fd, 2) = 1;
-                WFIFOB (pl_sd->fd, 3) = 0;  // success
-                WFIFOSET (pl_sd->fd, 4);    // packet_len_table[0x0d2]
+                clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "A GM has authorised all wispers for you.");
+                WFIFOW(pl_sd->fd, 0) = 0x0d2;  // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
+                WFIFOB(pl_sd->fd, 2) = 1;
+                WFIFOB(pl_sd->fd, 3) = 0;  // success
+                WFIFOSET(pl_sd->fd, 4);    // packet_len_table[0x0d2]
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -6836,174 +5058,57 @@ int atcommand_inall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @exall <player_name> by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_exall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_exall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char output[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @exall <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can change wisp option only to lower or same level
             if (pl_sd->ignoreAll == 1)
             {
-                sprintf (output, "'%s' already blocks all wispers.", pl_sd->status.name);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "'%s' already blocks all wispers.",
+                        pl_sd->status.name);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 return -1;
             }
             else
             {
                 pl_sd->ignoreAll = 1;
-                sprintf (output, "'%s' blocks now all wispers.", pl_sd->status.name);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "'%s' blocks now all wispers.",
+                        pl_sd->status.name);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 // message to player
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "A GM has blocked all wispers for you.");
-                WFIFOW (pl_sd->fd, 0) = 0x0d2;  // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
-                WFIFOB (pl_sd->fd, 2) = 0;
-                WFIFOB (pl_sd->fd, 3) = 0;  // success
-                WFIFOSET (pl_sd->fd, 4);    // packet_len_table[0x0d2]
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @chardisguise <mob_id> <character> by Kalaspuff (based off Valaris' and Yor's work)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_chardisguise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  mob_id;
-    char character[100];
-    char mob_name[100];
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (mob_name, '\0', sizeof (mob_name));
-
-    if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%s %99[^\n]", mob_name, character) < 2)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a Monster/NPC name/id and a player name (usage: @chardisguise <monster_name_or_monster_ID> <char name>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((mob_id = mobdb_searchname (mob_name)) == 0)    // check name first (to avoid possible name begining by a number)
-        mob_id = atoi (mob_name);
-
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
-        {                       // you can disguise only lower or same level
-            if ((mob_id >= 46 && mob_id <= 125) || (mob_id >= 700 && mob_id <= 718) ||  // NPC
-                (mob_id >= 721 && mob_id <= 755) || (mob_id >= 757 && mob_id <= 811) || // NPC
-                (mob_id >= 813 && mob_id <= 834) || // NPC
-                (mob_id > 1000 && mob_id < 1521))
-            {                   // monsters
-                if (pc_isriding (pl_sd))
-                {               // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris]
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character cannot wear disguise while riding a Peco.");
-                    return -1;
-                }
-                pl_sd->disguiseflag = 1;    // set to override items with disguise script [Valaris]
-                pl_sd->disguise = mob_id;
-                pc_setpos (pl_sd, pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y,
-                           3);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's disguise applied.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Monster/NPC name/id hasn't been found.");
-                return -1;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @charundisguise <character> by Kalaspuff (based off Yor's work)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int atcommand_charundisguise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                              const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    char character[100];
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charundisguise <char name>).");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
-        {                       // you can undisguise only lower or same level
-            if (pl_sd->disguise)
-            {
-                clif_clearchar (&pl_sd->bl, 9);
-                pl_sd->disguise = 0;
-                pc_setpos (pl_sd, pl_sd->mapname, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y,
-                           3);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character's undisguise applied.");
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character is not disguised.");
-                return -1;
+                clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "A GM has blocked all wispers for you.");
+                WFIFOW(pl_sd->fd, 0) = 0x0d2;  // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
+                WFIFOB(pl_sd->fd, 2) = 0;
+                WFIFOB(pl_sd->fd, 3) = 0;  // success
+                WFIFOSET(pl_sd->fd, 4);    // packet_len_table[0x0d2]
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -7014,47 +5119,47 @@ int atcommand_charundisguise (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @email <actual@email> <new@email> by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_email (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_email(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char actual_email[100];
     char new_email[100];
 
-    memset (actual_email, '\0', sizeof (actual_email));
-    memset (new_email, '\0', sizeof (new_email));
+    memset(actual_email, '\0', sizeof(actual_email));
+    memset(new_email, '\0', sizeof(new_email));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%99s %99s", actual_email, new_email) < 2)
+        || sscanf(message, "%99s %99s", actual_email, new_email) < 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please enter 2 emails (usage: @email <actual@email> <new@email>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (e_mail_check (actual_email) == 0)
+    if (e_mail_check(actual_email) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid actual email. If you have default e-mail, type a@a.com.");   // Invalid actual email. If you have default e-mail, give a@a.com.
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid actual email. If you have default e-mail, type a@a.com.");   // Invalid actual email. If you have default e-mail, give a@a.com.
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (e_mail_check (new_email) == 0)
+    else if (e_mail_check(new_email) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invalid new email. Please enter a real e-mail.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Invalid new email. Please enter a real e-mail.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (new_email, "a@a.com") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(new_email, "a@a.com") == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "New email must be a real e-mail.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "New email must be a real e-mail.");
         return -1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (actual_email, new_email) == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(actual_email, new_email) == 0)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "New email must be different of the actual e-mail.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "New email must be different of the actual e-mail.");
         return -1;
     }
     else
     {
-        chrif_changeemail (sd->status.account_id, actual_email, new_email);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Information sended to login-server via char-server.");
+        chrif_changeemail(sd->status.account_id, actual_email, new_email);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Information sended to login-server via char-server.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -7064,22 +5169,22 @@ int atcommand_email (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *@effect
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_effect (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_effect(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  type = 0, flag = 0, i;
+    int type = 0, flag = 0, i;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d %d", &type, &flag) < 2)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d %d", &type, &flag) < 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter at least a option (usage: @effect <type+>).");
         return -1;
     }
     if (flag <= 0)
     {
-        clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, type, flag);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");   // Your effect has changed.
+        clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, type, flag);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");   // Your effect has changed.
     }
     else
     {
@@ -7088,8 +5193,8 @@ int atcommand_effect (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
                 && pl_sd->state.auth)
             {
-                clif_specialeffect (&pl_sd->bl, type, flag);
-                clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");    // Your effect has changed.
+                clif_specialeffect(&pl_sd->bl, type, flag);
+                clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");    // Your effect has changed.
             }
         }
     }
@@ -7101,30 +5206,27 @@ int atcommand_effect (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @charitemlist <character>: Displays the list of a player's items.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_character_item_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_item_list(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                               const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     struct item_data *item_data, *item_temp;
-    int  i, j, equip, count, counter, counter2;
-    char character[100], output[200], equipstr[100], outputtmp[200];
+    int i, j, count, counter, counter2;
+    char character[100], equipstr[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (equipstr, '\0', sizeof (equipstr));
-    memset (outputtmp, '\0', sizeof (outputtmp));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
+    memset(equipstr, '\0', sizeof(equipstr));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charitemlist <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can look items only lower or same level
             counter = 0;
             count = 0;
@@ -7132,55 +5234,59 @@ atcommand_character_item_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].nameid > 0
                     && (item_data =
-                        itemdb_search (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].nameid)) !=
+                        itemdb_search(pl_sd->status.inventory[i].nameid)) !=
                     NULL)
                 {
                     counter = counter + pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
                     count++;
                     if (count == 1)
                     {
-                        sprintf (output, "------ Items list of '%s' ------",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name);
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "------ Items list of '%s' ------",
+                                pl_sd->status.name);
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     }
-                    if ((equip = pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                    EPOS equip;
+                    if (bool(equip = pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
                     {
-                        strcpy (equipstr, "| equiped: ");
-                        if (equip & 4)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "robe/gargment, ");
-                        if (equip & 8)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "left accessory, ");
-                        if (equip & 16)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "body/armor, ");
-                        if ((equip & 34) == 2)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "right hand, ");
-                        if ((equip & 34) == 32)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "left hand, ");
-                        if ((equip & 34) == 34)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "both hands, ");
-                        if (equip & 64)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "feet, ");
-                        if (equip & 128)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "right accessory, ");
-                        if ((equip & 769) == 1)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "lower head, ");
-                        if ((equip & 769) == 256)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "top head, ");
-                        if ((equip & 769) == 257)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "lower/top head, ");
-                        if ((equip & 769) == 512)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "mid head, ");
-                        if ((equip & 769) == 512)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "lower/mid head, ");
-                        if ((equip & 769) == 769)
-                            strcat (equipstr, "lower/mid/top head, ");
+                        strcpy(equipstr, "| equiped: ");
+                        if (bool(equip & EPOS::GLOVES))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "robe/gargment, ");
+                        if (bool(equip & EPOS::CAPE))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "left accessory, ");
+                        if (bool(equip & EPOS::MISC1))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "body/armor, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::WEAPON | EPOS::SHIELD)) == EPOS::WEAPON)
+                            strcat(equipstr, "right hand, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::WEAPON | EPOS::SHIELD)) == EPOS::SHIELD)
+                            strcat(equipstr, "left hand, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::WEAPON | EPOS::SHIELD)) == (EPOS::WEAPON | EPOS::SHIELD))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "both hands, ");
+                        if (bool(equip & EPOS::SHOES))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "feet, ");
+                        if (bool(equip & EPOS::MISC2))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "right accessory, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS)) == EPOS::LEGS)
+                            strcat(equipstr, "lower head, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS)) == EPOS::HAT)
+                            strcat(equipstr, "top head, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS)) == (EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "lower/top head, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS)) == EPOS::TORSO)
+                            strcat(equipstr, "mid head, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS)) == (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::LEGS))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "lower/mid head, ");
+                        if ((equip & (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS)) == (EPOS::TORSO | EPOS::HAT | EPOS::LEGS))
+                            strcat(equipstr, "lower/mid/top head, ");
                         // remove final ', '
-                        equipstr[strlen (equipstr) - 2] = '\0';
+                        equipstr[strlen(equipstr) - 2] = '\0';
                     }
                     else
-                        memset (equipstr, '\0', sizeof (equipstr));
+                        memset(equipstr, '\0', sizeof(equipstr));
+
+                    std::string output;
                     if (sd->status.inventory[i].refine)
-                        sprintf (output, "%d %s %+d (%s %+d, id: %d) %s",
+                        output = STRPRINTF("%d %s %+d (%s %+d, id: %d) %s",
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount,
                                  item_data->name,
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].refine,
@@ -7188,61 +5294,70 @@ atcommand_character_item_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].refine,
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].nameid, equipstr);
                     else
-                        sprintf (output, "%d %s (%s, id: %d) %s",
+                        output = STRPRINTF("%d %s (%s, id: %d) %s",
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount,
                                  item_data->name, item_data->jname,
                                  pl_sd->status.inventory[i].nameid, equipstr);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+
+                    output.clear();
                     counter2 = 0;
                     for (j = 0; j < item_data->slot; j++)
                     {
                         if (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].card[j])
                         {
                             if ((item_temp =
-                                 itemdb_search (pl_sd->status.
+                                 itemdb_search(pl_sd->status.
                                                 inventory[i].card[j])) !=
                                 NULL)
                             {
-                                if (output[0] == '\0')
-                                    sprintf (outputtmp,
-                                             " -> (card(s): #%d %s (%s), ",
-                                             ++counter2, item_temp->name,
-                                             item_temp->jname);
+                                if (output.empty())
+                                    output = STRPRINTF(
+                                            " -> (card(s): #%d %s (%s), ",
+                                            ++counter2,
+                                            item_temp->name,
+                                            item_temp->jname);
                                 else
-                                    sprintf (outputtmp, "#%d %s (%s), ",
-                                             ++counter2, item_temp->name,
-                                             item_temp->jname);
-                                strcat (output, outputtmp);
+                                    output += STRPRINTF(
+                                            "#%d %s (%s), ",
+                                            ++counter2,
+                                            item_temp->name,
+                                            item_temp->jname);
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    if (output[0] != '\0')
+                    if (!output.empty())
                     {
-                        output[strlen (output) - 2] = ')';
-                        output[strlen (output) - 1] = '\0';
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        // replace trailing ", "
+#ifdef WORKAROUND_GCC46_LIBRARY
+                        output.resize(output.size() - 1);
+#else
+                        output.pop_back();
+#endif
+                        output.back() = ')';
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (count == 0)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "No item found on this player.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "No item found on this player.");
             else
             {
-                sprintf (output, "%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
-                         counter, count);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
+                        counter, count);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -7253,32 +5368,29 @@ atcommand_character_item_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @charstoragelist <character>: Displays the items list of a player's storage.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_character_storage_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                  const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_storage_list(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                                  const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     struct item_data *item_data, *item_temp;
-    int  i, j, count, counter, counter2;
-    char character[100], output[200], outputtmp[200];
+    int i, j, count, counter, counter2;
+    char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (outputtmp, '\0', sizeof (outputtmp));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charitemlist <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can look items only lower or same level
-            if ((stor = account2storage2 (pl_sd->status.account_id)) != NULL)
+            if ((stor = account2storage2(pl_sd->status.account_id)) != NULL)
             {
                 counter = 0;
                 count = 0;
@@ -7286,19 +5398,20 @@ atcommand_character_storage_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                 {
                     if (stor->storage_[i].nameid > 0
                         && (item_data =
-                            itemdb_search (stor->storage_[i].nameid)) != NULL)
+                            itemdb_search(stor->storage_[i].nameid)) != NULL)
                     {
                         counter = counter + stor->storage_[i].amount;
                         count++;
                         if (count == 1)
                         {
-                            sprintf (output,
+                            std::string output = STRPRINTF(
                                      "------ Storage items list of '%s' ------",
                                      pl_sd->status.name);
-                            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                         }
+                        std::string output;
                         if (stor->storage_[i].refine)
-                            sprintf (output, "%d %s %+d (%s %+d, id: %d)",
+                            output = STRPRINTF("%d %s %+d (%s %+d, id: %d)",
                                      stor->storage_[i].amount,
                                      item_data->name,
                                      stor->storage_[i].refine,
@@ -7306,69 +5419,77 @@ atcommand_character_storage_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
                                      stor->storage_[i].refine,
                                      stor->storage_[i].nameid);
                         else
-                            sprintf (output, "%d %s (%s, id: %d)",
+                            output = STRPRINTF("%d %s (%s, id: %d)",
                                      stor->storage_[i].amount,
                                      item_data->name, item_data->jname,
                                      stor->storage_[i].nameid);
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                        memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+
+                        output.clear();
                         counter2 = 0;
                         for (j = 0; j < item_data->slot; j++)
                         {
                             if (stor->storage_[i].card[j])
                             {
                                 if ((item_temp =
-                                     itemdb_search (stor->
+                                     itemdb_search(stor->
                                                     storage_[i].card[j])) !=
                                     NULL)
                                 {
-                                    if (output[0] == '\0')
-                                        sprintf (outputtmp,
-                                                 " -> (card(s): #%d %s (%s), ",
-                                                 ++counter2, item_temp->name,
-                                                 item_temp->jname);
+                                    if (output.empty())
+                                        output = STRPRINTF(
+                                                " -> (card(s): #%d %s (%s), ",
+                                                ++counter2,
+                                                item_temp->name,
+                                                item_temp->jname);
                                     else
-                                        sprintf (outputtmp, "#%d %s (%s), ",
-                                                 ++counter2, item_temp->name,
-                                                 item_temp->jname);
-                                    strcat (output, outputtmp);
+                                        output += STRPRINTF(
+                                                "#%d %s (%s), ",
+                                                ++counter2,
+                                                item_temp->name,
+                                                item_temp->jname);
                                 }
                             }
                         }
-                        if (output[0] != '\0')
+                        if (!output.empty())
                         {
-                            output[strlen (output) - 2] = ')';
-                            output[strlen (output) - 1] = '\0';
-                            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                            // replace last ", "
+#ifdef WORKAROUND_GCC46_LIBRARY
+                            output.resize(output.size() - 1);
+#else
+                            output.pop_back();
+#endif
+                            output.back() = ')';
+                            clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 if (count == 0)
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                          "No item found in the storage of this player.");
                 else
                 {
-                    sprintf (output,
+                    std::string output = STRPRINTF(
                              "%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
                              counter, count);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "This player has no storage.");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "This player has no storage.");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -7379,29 +5500,26 @@ atcommand_character_storage_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * @charcartlist <character>: Displays the items list of a player's cart.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_character_cart_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_character_cart_list(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                               const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     struct item_data *item_data, *item_temp;
-    int  i, j, count, counter, counter2;
-    char character[100], output[200], outputtmp[200];
+    int i, j, count, counter, counter2;
+    char character[100];
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (outputtmp, '\0', sizeof (outputtmp));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Please, enter a player name (usage: @charitemlist <char name>).");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+        if (pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can look items only lower or same level
             counter = 0;
             count = 0;
@@ -7409,81 +5527,91 @@ atcommand_character_cart_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
             {
                 if (pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid > 0
                     && (item_data =
-                        itemdb_search (pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid)) != NULL)
+                        itemdb_search(pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid)) != NULL)
                 {
                     counter = counter + pl_sd->status.cart[i].amount;
                     count++;
                     if (count == 1)
                     {
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "------ Cart items list of '%s' ------",
-                                 pl_sd->status.name);
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                                "------ Cart items list of '%s' ------",
+                                pl_sd->status.name);
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     }
+
+                    std::string output;
                     if (pl_sd->status.cart[i].refine)
-                        sprintf (output, "%d %s %+d (%s %+d, id: %d)",
-                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].amount,
-                                 item_data->name,
-                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].refine,
-                                 item_data->jname,
-                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].refine,
-                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
+                        output = STRPRINTF("%d %s %+d (%s %+d, id: %d)",
+                                pl_sd->status.cart[i].amount,
+                                item_data->name,
+                                pl_sd->status.cart[i].refine,
+                                item_data->jname,
+                                pl_sd->status.cart[i].refine,
+                                pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
                     else
-                        sprintf (output, "%d %s (%s, id: %d)",
-                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].amount,
-                                 item_data->name, item_data->jname,
-                                 pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
-                    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-                    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
+
+                        output = STRPRINTF("%d %s (%s, id: %d)",
+                                pl_sd->status.cart[i].amount,
+                                item_data->name, item_data->jname,
+                                pl_sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
+                    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
+
+                    output.clear();
                     counter2 = 0;
                     for (j = 0; j < item_data->slot; j++)
                     {
                         if (pl_sd->status.cart[i].card[j])
                         {
                             if ((item_temp =
-                                 itemdb_search (pl_sd->status.
+                                 itemdb_search(pl_sd->status.
                                                 cart[i].card[j])) != NULL)
                             {
-                                if (output[0] == '\0')
-                                    sprintf (outputtmp,
-                                             " -> (card(s): #%d %s (%s), ",
-                                             ++counter2, item_temp->name,
-                                             item_temp->jname);
+                                if (output.empty())
+                                    output = STRPRINTF(
+                                            " -> (card(s): #%d %s (%s), ",
+                                            ++counter2,
+                                            item_temp->name,
+                                            item_temp->jname);
                                 else
-                                    sprintf (outputtmp, "#%d %s (%s), ",
-                                             ++counter2, item_temp->name,
-                                             item_temp->jname);
-                                strcat (output, outputtmp);
+                                    output += STRPRINTF(
+                                            "#%d %s (%s), ",
+                                            ++counter2,
+                                            item_temp->name,
+                                            item_temp->jname);
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    if (output[0] != '\0')
+                    if (!output.empty())
                     {
-                        output[strlen (output) - 2] = ')';
-                        output[strlen (output) - 1] = '\0';
-                        clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+#ifdef WORKAROUND_GCC46_LIBRARY
+                        output.resize(output.size() - 1);
+#else
+                        output.pop_back();
+#endif
+                        output.back() = '0';
+                        clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
                     }
                 }
             }
             if (count == 0)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                      "No item found in the cart of this player.");
             else
             {
-                sprintf (output, "%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF("%d item(s) found in %d kind(s) of items.",
                          counter, count);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your GM level don't authorise you to do this action on this player.");
             return -1;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -7495,16 +5623,15 @@ atcommand_character_cart_list (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * enable killing players even when not in pvp
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_killer (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_killer(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                  const char *, const char *)
 {
     sd->special_state.killer = !sd->special_state.killer;
 
     if (sd->special_state.killer)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You be a killa...");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You be a killa...");
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You gonna be own3d...");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You gonna be own3d...");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7514,16 +5641,15 @@ atcommand_killer (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * enable other people killing you
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_killable (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_killable(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
     sd->special_state.killable = !sd->special_state.killable;
 
     if (sd->special_state.killable)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You gonna be own3d...");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You gonna be own3d...");
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "You be a killa...");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "You be a killa...");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7533,53 +5659,24 @@ atcommand_killable (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * enable another player to be killed
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_charkillable (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charkillable(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) message)) == NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(message)) == NULL)
         return -1;
 
     pl_sd->special_state.killable = !pl_sd->special_state.killable;
 
     if (pl_sd->special_state.killable)
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "The player is now killable");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "The player is now killable");
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "The player is no longer killable");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @skillon by MouseJstr
- * turn skills on for the map
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_skillon (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    map[sd->bl.m].flag.noskill = 0;
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map skills are on.");
-    return 0;
-}
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "The player is no longer killable");
 
-/*==========================================
- * @skilloff by MouseJstr
- * Turn skills off on the map
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_skilloff (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    map[sd->bl.m].flag.noskill = 1;
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Map skills are off.");
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7589,12 +5686,11 @@ atcommand_skilloff (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * move a npc
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_npcmove (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_npcmove(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
     struct npc_data *nd = 0;
 
     if (sd == NULL)
@@ -7603,19 +5699,19 @@ atcommand_npcmove (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof character);
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof character);
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%d %d %99[^\n]", &x, &y, character) < 3)
+    if (sscanf(message, "%d %d %99[^\n]", &x, &y, character) < 3)
         return -1;
 
-    nd = npc_name2id (character);
+    nd = npc_name2id(character);
     if (nd == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    npc_enable (character, 0);
+    npc_enable(character, 0);
     nd->bl.x = x;
     nd->bl.y = y;
-    npc_enable (character, 1);
+    npc_enable(character, 1);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7626,90 +5722,55 @@ atcommand_npcmove (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Create a new static warp point.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_addwarp (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_addwarp(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char w1[64], w3[64], w4[64];
-    char map[30], output[200];
-    int  x, y, ret;
+    char mapname[30];
+    int x, y, ret;
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%99s %d %d[^\n]", map, &x, &y) < 3)
+    if (sscanf(message, "%29s %d %d[^\n]", mapname, &x, &y) < 3)
         return -1;
 
-    sprintf (w1, "%s,%d,%d", sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    sprintf (w3, "%s%d%d%d%d", map, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, x, y);
-    sprintf (w4, "1,1,%s.gat,%d,%d", map, x, y);
+    std::string w1 = STRPRINTF("%s,%d,%d", sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    std::string w3 = STRPRINTF("%s%d%d%d%d", mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, x, y);
+    std::string w4 = STRPRINTF("1,1,%s.gat,%d,%d", mapname, x, y);
 
-    ret = npc_parse_warp (w1, "warp", w3, w4);
+    ret = npc_parse_warp(w1.c_str(), "warp", w3.c_str(), w4.c_str());
 
-    sprintf (output, "New warp NPC => %s", w3);
-
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("New warp NPC => %s", w3);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
 
     return ret;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * @follow by [MouseJstr]
- *
- * Follow a player .. staying no more then 5 spaces away
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_follow (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-#if 0
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
-
-    if (!message || !*message)
-        return -1;
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) message)) != NULL)
-        pc_follow (sd, pl_sd->bl.id);
-    else
-        return 1;
-#endif
-
-    /*
-     * Command disabled - it's incompatible with the TMW
-     * client.
-     */
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "@follow command not available");
-
-    return 0;
-
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * @chareffect by [MouseJstr]
  *
  * Create a effect localized on another character
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_chareffect (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_chareffect(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
     char target[255];
-    int  type = 0;
+    int type = 0;
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %s", &type, target) != 2)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %s", &type, target) != 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "usage: @chareffect <type+> <target>.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "usage: @chareffect <type+> <target>.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) target)) == NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(target)) == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    clif_specialeffect (&pl_sd->bl, type, 0);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");   // Your effect has changed.
+    clif_specialeffect(&pl_sd->bl, type, 0);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your Effect Has Changed.");   // Your effect has changed.
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7720,18 +5781,17 @@ atcommand_chareffect (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Drop all your possession on the ground
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_dropall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_dropall(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
         {
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip != 0)
-                pc_unequipitem (sd, i, 0);
-            pc_dropitem (sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
+            if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                pc_unequipitem(sd, i, CalcStatus::NOW);
+            pc_dropitem(sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
         }
     }
     return 0;
@@ -7744,29 +5804,28 @@ atcommand_dropall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * done in response to them being disrespectful of a GM
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_chardropall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_chardropall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                       const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) message)) == NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(message)) == NULL)
         return -1;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
         {
-            if (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip != 0)
-                pc_unequipitem (pl_sd, i, 0);
-            pc_dropitem (pl_sd, i, pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
+            if (bool(pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                pc_unequipitem(pl_sd, i, CalcStatus::NOW);
+            pc_dropitem(pl_sd, i, pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "Ever play 52 card pickup?");
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "It is done");
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "Ever play 52 card pickup?");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is done");
     //clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is offical.. your a jerk");
 
     return 0;
@@ -7779,22 +5838,21 @@ atcommand_chardropall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * debugging easie
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_storeall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_storeall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                    const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  i;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    int i;
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag != 1)
+    if (!sd->state.storage_open)
     {                           //Open storage.
-        switch (storage_storageopen (sd))
+        switch (storage_storageopen(sd))
         {
             case 2:            //Try again
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, "run this command again..");
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, "run this command again..");
                 return 0;
             case 1:            //Failure
-                clif_displaymessage (fd,
+                clif_displaymessage(fd,
                                      "You can't open the storage currently.");
                 return 1;
         }
@@ -7803,14 +5861,14 @@ atcommand_storeall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
         {
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip != 0)
-                pc_unequipitem (sd, i, 0);
-            storage_storageadd (sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
+            if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                pc_unequipitem(sd, i, CalcStatus::NOW);
+            storage_storageadd(sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
         }
     }
-    storage_storageclose (sd);
+    storage_storageclose(sd);
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "It is done");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is done");
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7820,111 +5878,42 @@ atcommand_storeall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * A way to screw with players who piss you off
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_charstoreall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_charstoreall(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                        const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) message)) == NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(message)) == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    if (storage_storageopen (pl_sd) == 1)
+    if (storage_storageopen(pl_sd) == 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Had to open the characters storage window...");
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "run this command again..");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "run this command again..");
         return 0;
     }
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
         {
-            if (pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip != 0)
-                pc_unequipitem (pl_sd, i, 0);
-            storage_storageadd (pl_sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
+            if (bool(pl_sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                pc_unequipitem(pl_sd, i, CalcStatus::NOW);
+            storage_storageadd(pl_sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
         }
     }
-    storage_storageclose (pl_sd);
+    storage_storageclose(pl_sd);
 
-    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd,
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd,
                          "Everything you own has been put away for safe keeping.");
-    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd,
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd,
                          "go to the nearest kafka to retrieve it..");
-    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "   -- the management");
-
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "It is done");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @skillid by [MouseJstr]
- *
- * lookup a skill by name
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_skillid (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    int  skillen = 0, idx = 0;
-    if (!message || !*message)
-        return -1;
-    skillen = strlen (message);
-    while (skill_names[idx].id != 0)
-    {
-        if ((strncasecmp (skill_names[idx].name, message, skillen) == 0) ||
-            (strncasecmp (skill_names[idx].desc, message, skillen) == 0))
-        {
-            char output[255];
-            sprintf (output, "skill %d: %s", skill_names[idx].id,
-                     skill_names[idx].desc);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
-        }
-        idx++;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * @useskill by [MouseJstr]
- *
- * A way of using skills without having to find them in the skills menu
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int
-atcommand_useskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
-    int  skillnum;
-    int  skilllv;
-    int  inf;
-    char target[255];
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "   -- the management");
 
-    if (!message || !*message)
-        return -1;
-    if (sscanf (message, "%d %d %s", &skillnum, &skilllv, target) != 3)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
-                             "Usage: @useskill <skillnum> <skillv> <target>");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (target)) == NULL)
-    {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    inf = skill_get_inf (skillnum);
-
-    if ((inf == 2) || (inf == 1))
-        skill_use_pos (sd, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y, skillnum, skilllv);
-    else
-        skill_use_id (sd, pl_sd->bl.id, skillnum, skilllv);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "It is done");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7933,18 +5922,17 @@ atcommand_useskill (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * It is made to rain.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_rain (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_rain(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  effno = 0;
+    int effno = 0;
     effno = 161;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
     if (effno < 0 || map[sd->bl.m].flag.rain)
         return -1;
 
     map[sd->bl.m].flag.rain = 1;
-    clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, effno, 2);
+    clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, effno, 2);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7952,18 +5940,17 @@ atcommand_rain (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * It is made to snow.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_snow (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_snow(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  effno = 0;
+    int effno = 0;
     effno = 162;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
     if (effno < 0 || map[sd->bl.m].flag.snow)
         return -1;
 
     map[sd->bl.m].flag.snow = 1;
-    clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, effno, 2);
+    clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, effno, 2);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7971,18 +5958,17 @@ atcommand_snow (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Cherry tree snowstorm is made to fall. (Sakura)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_sakura (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_sakura(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                  const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  effno = 0;
+    int effno = 0;
     effno = 163;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
     if (effno < 0 || map[sd->bl.m].flag.sakura)
         return -1;
 
     map[sd->bl.m].flag.sakura = 1;
-    clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, effno, 2);
+    clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, effno, 2);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -7990,18 +5976,17 @@ atcommand_sakura (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Fog hangs over.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_fog (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_fog(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+               const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  effno = 0;
+    int effno = 0;
     effno = 233;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
     if (effno < 0 || map[sd->bl.m].flag.fog)
         return -1;
 
     map[sd->bl.m].flag.fog = 1;
-    clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, effno, 2);
+    clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, effno, 2);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -8010,18 +5995,17 @@ atcommand_fog (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * Fallen leaves fall.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_leaves (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_leaves(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                  const char *, const char *)
 {
-    int  effno = 0;
+    int effno = 0;
     effno = 333;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
     if (effno < 0 || map[sd->bl.m].flag.leaves)
         return -1;
 
     map[sd->bl.m].flag.leaves = 1;
-    clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, effno, 2);
+    clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, effno, 2);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -8029,42 +6013,43 @@ atcommand_leaves (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int atcommand_summon (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_summon(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char name[100];
-    int  mob_id = 0;
-    int  x = 0;
-    int  y = 0;
-    int  id = 0;
+    int mob_id = 0;
+    int x = 0;
+    int y = 0;
+    int id = 0;
     struct mob_data *md;
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
-    if (sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", name) < 1)
+    if (sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", name) < 1)
         return -1;
 
-    if ((mob_id = atoi (name)) == 0)
-        mob_id = mobdb_searchname (name);
+    if ((mob_id = atoi(name)) == 0)
+        mob_id = mobdb_searchname(name);
     if (mob_id == 0)
         return -1;
 
-    x = sd->bl.x + (MRAND (10) - 5);
-    y = sd->bl.y + (MRAND (10) - 5);
+    x = sd->bl.x + random_::in(-5, 4);
+    y = sd->bl.y + random_::in(-5, 4);
 
-    id = mob_once_spawn (sd, "this", x, y, "--ja--", mob_id, 1, "");
-    if ((md = (struct mob_data *) map_id2bl (id)))
+    id = mob_once_spawn(sd, "this", x, y, "--ja--", mob_id, 1, "");
+    if ((md = (struct mob_data *) map_id2bl(id)))
     {
         md->master_id = sd->bl.id;
         md->state.special_mob_ai = 1;
-        md->mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode | 0x04;
-        md->deletetimer = add_timer (tick + 60000, mob_timer_delete, id, 0);
-        clif_misceffect (&md->bl, 344);
+        md->mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode | MobMode::AGGRESSIVE;
+        md->deletetimer = Timer(tick + std::chrono::minutes(1),
+                std::bind(mob_timer_delete, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    id));
+        clif_misceffect(&md->bl, 344);
     }
-    clif_skill_poseffect (&sd->bl, AM_CALLHOMUN, 1, x, y, tick);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -8078,28 +6063,27 @@ int atcommand_summon (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * for short periods of time
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_adjcmdlvl (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_adjcmdlvl(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  i, newlev;
+    int i, newlev;
     char cmd[100];
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%d %s", &newlev, cmd) != 2)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%d %s", &newlev, cmd) != 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "usage: @adjcmdlvl <lvl> <command>.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "usage: @adjcmdlvl <lvl> <command>.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; atcommand_info[i].type != AtCommand_None; i++)
-        if (strcasecmp (cmd, atcommand_info[i].command + 1) == 0)
+    for (i = 0; atcommand_info[i].command; i++)
+        if (strcasecmp(cmd, atcommand_info[i].command + 1) == 0)
         {
             atcommand_info[i].level = newlev;
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "@command level changed.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "@command level changed.");
             return 0;
         }
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "@command not found.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "@command not found.");
     return -1;
 }
 
@@ -8112,25 +6096,24 @@ atcommand_adjcmdlvl (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * for short periods of time
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_adjgmlvl (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_adjgmlvl(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                    const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  newlev;
+    int newlev;
     char user[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %s", &newlev, user) != 2)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %s", &newlev, user) != 2)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "usage: @adjgmlvl <lvl> <user>.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "usage: @adjgmlvl <lvl> <user>.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) user)) == NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(user)) == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    pc_set_gm_level (pl_sd->status.account_id, newlev);
+    pc_set_gm_level(pl_sd->status.account_id, newlev);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -8144,442 +6127,432 @@ atcommand_adjgmlvl (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * gonna scream!
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int
-atcommand_trade (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                 const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_trade(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                 const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
     if (!message || !*message)
         return -1;
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) message)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(message)) != NULL)
     {
-        trade_traderequest (sd, pl_sd->bl.id);
+        trade_traderequest(sd, pl_sd->bl.id);
         return 0;
     }
     return -1;
 }
 
-/*===========================
- * @unmute [Valaris]
- *===========================
-*/
-int atcommand_unmute (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
-    if (!message || !*message)
-        return -1;
-
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) message)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (pl_sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1)
-        {
-            skill_status_change_end (&pl_sd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, -1);
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "Player unmuted");
-        }
-        else
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "Player is not muted");
-    }
+/* Magic atcommands by Fate */
 
-    return 0;
-}
+static
+SkillID magic_skills[] =
+{
+    SkillID::TMW_MAGIC,
+    SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_LIFE,
+    SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_WAR,
+    SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_TRANSMUTE,
+    SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_NATURE,
+    SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_ETHER,
+};
 
-/* Magic atcommands by Fate */
+constexpr
+size_t magic_skills_nr = sizeof(magic_skills) / sizeof(magic_skills[0]);
 
-static int magic_base = TMW_MAGIC;
-#define magic_skills_nr 6
-static const char *magic_skill_names[magic_skills_nr] =
-    { "magic", "life", "war", "transmute", "nature", "astral" };
+static
+const char *magic_skill_names[magic_skills_nr] =
+{
+    "magic",
+    "life",
+    "war",
+    "transmute",
+    "nature",
+    "astral"
+};
 
-int
-atcommand_magic_info (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_magic_info(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                      const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    char buf[200];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Usage: @magicinfo <char_name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @magicinfo <char_name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        int  i;
-
-        sprintf (buf, "`%s' has the following magic skills:", character);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
+        std::string buf = STRPRINTF(
+                "`%s' has the following magic skills:",
+                character);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < magic_skills_nr; i++)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < magic_skills_nr; i++)
         {
-            sprintf (buf, "%d in %s", pl_sd->status.skill[i + magic_base].lv,
-                     magic_skill_names[i]);
-            if (pl_sd->status.skill[i + magic_base].id == i + magic_base)
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
+            SkillID sk = magic_skills[i];
+            buf = STRPRINTF(
+                    "%d in %s",
+                    pl_sd->status.skill[sk].lv,
+                    magic_skill_names[i]);
+            if (pl_sd->status.skill[sk].lv)
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
         }
 
         return 0;
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
 
     return -1;
 }
 
-static void set_skill (struct map_session_data *sd, int i, int level)
+static
+void set_skill(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID i, int level)
 {
-    sd->status.skill[i].id = level ? i : 0;
     sd->status.skill[i].lv = level;
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_set_magic (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_set_magic(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                     const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     char magic_type[20];
-    int  skill_index = -1;      // 0: all
-    int  value;
+    int value;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (character, '\0', sizeof (character));
+    memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%19s %i %99[^\n]", magic_type, &value,
+        || sscanf(message, "%19s %i %99[^\n]", magic_type, &value,
                    character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Usage: @setmagic <school> <value> <char-name>, where <school> is either `magic', one of the school names, or `all'.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (!strcasecmp ("all", magic_type))
-        skill_index = 0;
+    SkillID skill_index = SkillID::NEGATIVE;
+    if (!strcasecmp("all", magic_type))
+        skill_index = SkillID::ZERO;
     else
     {
-        int  i;
-        for (i = 0; i < magic_skills_nr; i++)
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < magic_skills_nr; i++)
         {
-            if (!strcasecmp (magic_skill_names[i], magic_type))
+            if (!strcasecmp(magic_skill_names[i], magic_type))
             {
-                skill_index = i + magic_base;
+                skill_index = magic_skills[i];
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if (skill_index == -1)
+    if (skill_index == SkillID::NEGATIVE)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Incorrect school of magic.  Use `magic', `nature', `life', `war', `transmute', `ether', or `all'.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        int  i;
-        if (skill_index == 0)
-            for (i = 0; i < magic_skills_nr; i++)
-                set_skill (pl_sd, i + magic_base, value);
+        if (skill_index == SkillID::ZERO)
+            for (SkillID sk : magic_skills)
+                set_skill(pl_sd, sk, value);
         else
-            set_skill (pl_sd, skill_index, value);
+            set_skill(pl_sd, skill_index, value);
 
-        clif_skillinfoblock (pl_sd);
+        clif_skillinfoblock(pl_sd);
         return 0;
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
 
     return -1;
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_log (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_log(const int, struct map_session_data *,
+               const char *, const char *)
 {
-    return 0;                   // only used for (implicit) logging
+    return 0;
+    // only used for (implicit) logging
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_tee (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_tee(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+               const char *, const char *message)
 {
-    char *data = (char *)malloc (strlen (message) + 28);
-    strcpy (data, sd->status.name);
-    strcat (data, " : ");
-    strcat (data, message);
-    clif_message (&sd->bl, data);
+    char data[strlen(message) + 28];
+    strcpy(data, sd->status.name);
+    strcat(data, " : ");
+    strcat(data, message);
+    clif_message(&sd->bl, data);
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_invisible (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                     const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_invisible(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                     const char *, const char *)
 {
-    pc_invisibility (sd, 1);
+    pc_invisibility(sd, 1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_visible (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_visible(const int, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *)
 {
-    pc_invisibility (sd, 0);
+    pc_invisibility(sd, 0);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int atcommand_jump_iterate (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *command, const char *message,
-                            struct map_session_data *(*get_start) (void),
-                            struct map_session_data *(*get_next) (struct
-                                                                  map_session_data
-                                                                  * current))
-{
-    char output[200];
+int atcommand_jump_iterate(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+        const char *, const char *,
+        struct map_session_data *(*get_start)(void),
+        struct map_session_data *(*get_next)(struct map_session_data*))
+{
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *) map_id2bl (sd->followtarget);
+    pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *) map_id2bl(sd->followtarget);
 
     if (pl_sd)
-        pl_sd = get_next (pl_sd);
+        pl_sd = get_next(pl_sd);
 
     if (!pl_sd)
-        pl_sd = get_start ();
+        pl_sd = get_start();
 
     if (pl_sd == sd)
     {
-        pl_sd = get_next (pl_sd);
+        pl_sd = get_next(pl_sd);
         if (!pl_sd)
-            pl_sd = get_start ();
+            pl_sd = get_start();
     }
 
     if (pl_sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[pl_sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "You are not authorised to warp you to the map of this player.");
         return -1;
     }
     if (sd->bl.m >= 0 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarp
-        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd))
+        && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "You are not authorised to warp you from your actual map.");
         return -1;
     }
-    pc_setpos (sd, map[pl_sd->bl.m].name, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y, 3);
-    sprintf (output, "Jump to %s", pl_sd->status.name);
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+    pc_setpos(sd, map[pl_sd->bl.m].name, pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
+    std::string output = STRPRINTF("Jump to %s", pl_sd->status.name);
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
 
     sd->followtarget = pl_sd->bl.id;
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_iterate_forward_over_players (const int fd,
+int atcommand_iterate_forward_over_players(const int fd,
                                         struct map_session_data *sd,
                                         const char *command,
                                         const char *message)
 {
-    return atcommand_jump_iterate (fd, sd, command, message,
+    return atcommand_jump_iterate(fd, sd, command, message,
                                    map_get_first_session,
                                    map_get_next_session);
 }
 
-int
-atcommand_iterate_backwards_over_players (const int fd,
+int atcommand_iterate_backwards_over_players(const int fd,
                                           struct map_session_data *sd,
                                           const char *command,
                                           const char *message)
 {
-    return atcommand_jump_iterate (fd, sd, command, message,
+    return atcommand_jump_iterate(fd, sd, command, message,
                                    map_get_last_session,
                                    map_get_prev_session);
 }
 
-int atcommand_wgm (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_wgm(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
     if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, message))
         return 0;
-    tmw_GmHackMsg ("%s: %s", sd->status.name, message);
-    if (!pc_isGM (sd))
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Message sent.");
+
+    tmw_GmHackMsg(static_cast<const std::string&>(STRPRINTF("[GM] %s: %s", sd->status.name, message)));
+    if (!pc_isGM(sd))
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Message sent.");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 
-int atcommand_skillpool_info (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                              const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_skillpool_info(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                              const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
-    if (!message || !*message || sscanf (message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (!message || !*message || sscanf(message, "%99[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Usage: @sp-info <char_name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @sp-info <char_name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        char buf[200];
-        int  pool_skills[MAX_SKILL_POOL];
-        int  pool_skills_nr = skill_pool (pl_sd, pool_skills);
-        int  i;
+        SkillID pool_skills[MAX_SKILL_POOL];
+        int pool_skills_nr = skill_pool(pl_sd, pool_skills);
+        int i;
 
-        sprintf (buf, "Active skills %d out of %d for %s:", pool_skills_nr,
-                 skill_pool_max (pl_sd), character);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
+        std::string buf = STRPRINTF(
+                "Active skills %d out of %d for %s:",
+                pool_skills_nr, skill_pool_max(pl_sd), character);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
         for (i = 0; i < pool_skills_nr; ++i)
         {
-            sprintf (buf, " - %s [%d]: power %d", skill_name (pool_skills[i]),
-                     pool_skills[i], skill_power (pl_sd, pool_skills[i]));
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
+            buf = STRPRINTF(" - %s [%d]: power %d",
+                    skill_name(pool_skills[i]),
+                    pool_skills[i],
+                    skill_power(pl_sd, pool_skills[i]));
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
         }
 
-        sprintf (buf, "Learned skills out of %d for %s:",
-                 skill_pool_skills_size, character);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
+        buf = STRPRINTF("Learned skills out of %d for %s:",
+                skill_pool_skills_size, character);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
 
         for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_skills_size; ++i)
         {
-            const char *name = skill_name (skill_pool_skills[i]);
-            int  lvl = pl_sd->status.skill[skill_pool_skills[i]].lv;
+            const char *name = skill_name(skill_pool_skills[i]);
+            int lvl = pl_sd->status.skill[skill_pool_skills[i]].lv;
 
             if (lvl)
             {
-                sprintf (buf, " - %s [%d]: lvl %d", name,
-                         skill_pool_skills[i], lvl);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, buf);
+                buf = STRPRINTF(" - %s [%d]: lvl %d",
+                        name, skill_pool_skills[i], lvl);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, buf);
             }
         }
 
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int atcommand_skillpool_focus (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_skillpool_focus(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                               const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    int  skill;
+    int skill_;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill, character) < 1)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill_, character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Usage: @sp-focus <skill-nr> <char_name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @sp-focus <skill-nr> <char_name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    SkillID skill = SkillID(skill_);
+
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (skill_pool_activate (pl_sd, skill))
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Activation failed.");
+        if (skill_pool_activate(pl_sd, skill))
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Activation failed.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Activation successful.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Activation successful.");
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int atcommand_skillpool_unfocus (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                 const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_skillpool_unfocus(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                                 const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    int  skill;
+    int skill_;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill, character) < 1)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %99[^\n]", &skill_, character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Usage: @sp-unfocus <skill-nr> <char_name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @sp-unfocus <skill-nr> <char_name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    SkillID skill = SkillID(skill_);
+
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        if (skill_pool_deactivate (pl_sd, skill))
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Deactivation failed.");
+        if (skill_pool_deactivate(pl_sd, skill))
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Deactivation failed.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Deactivation successful.");
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Deactivation successful.");
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int atcommand_skill_learn (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_skill_learn(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                           const char *, const char *message)
 {
     char character[100];
-    int  skill, level;
+    int skill_, level;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
 
     if (!message || !*message
-        || sscanf (message, "%d %d %99[^\n]", &skill, &level, character) < 1)
+        || sscanf(message, "%d %d %99[^\n]", &skill_, &level, character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Usage: @skill-learn <skill-nr> <level> <char_name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) != NULL)
+    SkillID skill = SkillID(skill_);
+
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) != NULL)
     {
-        set_skill (pl_sd, skill, level);
-        clif_skillinfoblock (pl_sd);
+        set_skill(pl_sd, skill, level);
+        clif_skillinfoblock(pl_sd);
     }
     else
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int atcommand_ipcheck (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   const char *command, const char *message)
+int atcommand_ipcheck(const int fd, struct map_session_data *,
+                   const char *, const char *message)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     struct sockaddr_in sai;
-    char output[200];
     char character[25];
     int i;
-    socklen_t sa_len = sizeof (struct sockaddr);
+    socklen_t sa_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
     unsigned long ip;
 
     memset(character, '\0', sizeof(character));
 
-    if (sscanf (message, "%24[^\n]", character) < 1)
+    if (sscanf(message, "%24[^\n]", character) < 1)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Usage: @ipcheck <char name>");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Usage: @ipcheck <char name>");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd (character)) == NULL)
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(character)) == NULL)
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Character not found.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Character not found.");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (getpeername (pl_sd->fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sai, &sa_len))
+    if (getpeername(pl_sd->fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sai, &sa_len))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd,
+        clif_displaymessage(fd,
                              "Guru Meditation Error: getpeername() failed");
         return -1;
     }
@@ -8594,43 +6567,43 @@ int atcommand_ipcheck (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
-            if (getpeername (pl_sd->fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sai, &sa_len))
+            if (getpeername(pl_sd->fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sai, &sa_len))
                 continue;
 
             // Is checking GM levels really needed here?
             if (ip == sai.sin_addr.s_addr)
             {
-                snprintf (output, sizeof(output),
-                         "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
-                         pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
-                         pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
-                clif_displaymessage (fd, output);
+                std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                        "Name: %s | Location: %s %d %d",
+                        pl_sd->status.name, pl_sd->mapname,
+                        pl_sd->bl.x, pl_sd->bl.y);
+                clif_displaymessage(fd, output);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "End of list");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "End of list");
     return 0;
 }
 
 int atcommand_doomspot(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                       const char *command, const char *message)
+                       const char *, const char *)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth && i != fd && sd->bl.m == pl_sd->bl.m
             && sd->bl.x == pl_sd->bl.x && sd->bl.y == pl_sd->bl.y
-            && pc_isGM (sd) >= pc_isGM (pl_sd))
+            && pc_isGM(sd) >= pc_isGM(pl_sd))
         {                       // you can doom only lower or same gm level
-            pc_damage (NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
-            clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
+            pc_damage(NULL, pl_sd, pl_sd->status.hp + 1);
+            clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, "The holy messenger has given judgement.");
         }
     }
-    clif_displaymessage (fd, "Judgement was made.");
+    clif_displaymessage(fd, "Judgement was made.");
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/atcommand.hpp b/src/map/atcommand.hpp
index d35cb4f..a226b76 100644
--- a/src/map/atcommand.hpp
+++ b/src/map/atcommand.hpp
@@ -1,225 +1,16 @@
-// $Id: atcommand.h 148 2004-09-30 14:05:37Z MouseJstr $
 #ifndef ATCOMMAND_HPP
 #define ATCOMMAND_HPP
 
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/const_array.hpp"
 
-enum AtCommandType
-{
-    AtCommand_None = -1,
-    AtCommand_Broadcast = 0,
-    AtCommand_Setup,
-    AtCommand_LocalBroadcast,
-    AtCommand_MapMove,
-    AtCommand_ResetState,
-    AtCommand_CharWarp,
-    AtCommand_Warp,
-    AtCommand_Where,
-    AtCommand_Goto,
-    AtCommand_Jump,
-    AtCommand_Who,
-    AtCommand_WhoGroup,
-    AtCommand_WhoMap,
-    AtCommand_WhoMapGroup,
-    AtCommand_WhoGM,
-    AtCommand_Save,
-    AtCommand_Load,
-    AtCommand_Speed,
-    AtCommand_Storage,
-    AtCommand_GuildStorage,
-    AtCommand_Option,
-    AtCommand_Hide,
-    AtCommand_Die,
-    AtCommand_Kill,
-    AtCommand_Alive,
-    AtCommand_Kami,
-    AtCommand_KamiB,
-    AtCommand_Heal,
-    AtCommand_Item,
-    AtCommand_ItemReset,
-    AtCommand_ItemCheck,
-    AtCommand_BaseLevelUp,
-    AtCommand_JobLevelUp,
-    AtCommand_Help,
-    AtCommand_GM,
-    AtCommand_PvPOff,
-    AtCommand_PvPOn,
-    AtCommand_GvGOff,
-    AtCommand_GvGOn,
-    AtCommand_Model,
-    AtCommand_Go,
-    AtCommand_Spawn,
-    AtCommand_Monster,
-    AtCommand_KillMonster,
-    AtCommand_KillMonster2,
-    AtCommand_Produce,
-    AtCommand_Memo,
-    AtCommand_GAT,
-    AtCommand_Packet,
-    AtCommand_StatusPoint,
-    AtCommand_SkillPoint,
-    AtCommand_Zeny,
-    AtCommand_Param,
-    AtCommand_Strength,
-    AtCommand_Agility,
-    AtCommand_Vitality,
-    AtCommand_Intelligence,
-    AtCommand_Dexterity,
-    AtCommand_Luck,
-    AtCommand_GuildLevelUp,
-    AtCommand_Recall,
-    AtCommand_Revive,
-    AtCommand_CharacterStats,
-    AtCommand_CharacterStatsAll,
-    AtCommand_CharacterOption,
-    AtCommand_CharacterSave,
-    AtCommand_CharacterLoad,
-    AtCommand_Night,
-    AtCommand_Day,
-    AtCommand_Doom,
-    AtCommand_DoomMap,
-    AtCommand_Raise,
-    AtCommand_RaiseMap,
-    AtCommand_CharacterBaseLevel,
-    AtCommand_CharacterJobLevel,
-    AtCommand_Kick,
-    AtCommand_KickAll,
-    AtCommand_AllSkills,
-    AtCommand_QuestSkill,
-    AtCommand_CharQuestSkill,
-    AtCommand_LostSkill,
-    AtCommand_CharLostSkill,
-    AtCommand_Party,
-    AtCommand_Guild,
-    AtCommand_AgitStart,
-    AtCommand_AgitEnd,
-    AtCommand_MapExit,
-    AtCommand_IDSearch,
-    AtCommand_CharSkReset,
-    AtCommand_CharStReset,
-    AtCommand_CharReset,
-    //by chbrules
-    AtCommand_CharModel,
-    AtCommand_CharSKPoint,
-    AtCommand_CharSTPoint,
-    AtCommand_CharZeny,
-    AtCommand_RecallAll,
-    AtCommand_ReloadItemDB,
-    AtCommand_ReloadMobDB,
-    AtCommand_ReloadSkillDB,
-    AtCommand_ReloadScript,
-    AtCommand_ReloadGMDB,
-    AtCommand_MapInfo,
-    AtCommand_Dye,
-    AtCommand_HairStyle,
-    AtCommand_HairColor,
-    AtCommand_AllStats,
-    AtCommand_CharChangeSex,    // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharBlock,        // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharBan,          // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharUnBlock,      // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharUnBan,        // by Yor
-    AtCommand_MountPeco,        // by Valaris
-    AtCommand_CharMountPeco,    // by Yor
-    AtCommand_GuildSpy,         // [Syrus22]
-    AtCommand_PartySpy,         // [Syrus22]
-    AtCommand_GuildRecall,      // by Yor
-    AtCommand_PartyRecall,      // by Yor
-    AtCommand_Enablenpc,
-    AtCommand_Disablenpc,
-    AtCommand_ServerTime,       // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharDelItem,      // by Yor
-    AtCommand_Jail,             // by Yor
-    AtCommand_UnJail,           // by Yor
-    AtCommand_Disguise,         // [Valaris]
-    AtCommand_UnDisguise,       // by Yor
-    AtCommand_IgnoreList,       // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharIgnoreList,   // by Yor
-    AtCommand_InAll,            // by Yor
-    AtCommand_ExAll,            // by Yor
-    AtCommand_CharDisguise,     // Kalaspuff
-    AtCommand_CharUnDisguise,   // Kalaspuff
-    AtCommand_EMail,            // by Yor
-    AtCommand_Hatch,
-    AtCommand_Effect,           // by Apple
-    AtCommand_Char_Item_List,   // by Yor
-    AtCommand_Char_Storage_List,    // by Yor
-    AtCommand_Char_Cart_List,   // by Yor
-    AtCommand_AddWarp,          // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Follow,           // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_SkillOn,          // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_SkillOff,         // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Killer,           // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_NpcMove,          // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Killable,         // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_CharKillable,     // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Chareffect,       // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Chardye,          // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Charhairstyle,    // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Charhaircolor,    // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Dropall,          // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Chardropall,      // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Storeall,         // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Charstoreall,     // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Skillid,          // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Useskill,         // by MouseJstr
-    AtCommand_Summon,
-    AtCommand_Rain,
-    AtCommand_Snow,
-    AtCommand_Sakura,
-    AtCommand_Fog,
-    AtCommand_Leaves,
-    AtCommand_AdjGmLvl,
-    AtCommand_AdjCmdLvl,
-    AtCommand_Trade,
-    AtCommand_UnMute,
-    AtCommand_CharWipe,
-    AtCommand_SetMagic,
-    AtCommand_MagicInfo,
-    AtCommand_Log,
-    AtCommand_Tee,
-    AtCommand_Invisible,
-    AtCommand_Visible,
-    AtCommand_IterateForward,
-    AtCommand_IterateBackward,
-    AtCommand_Wgm,
-    AtCommand_IpCheck,
-    AtCommand_ListNearby,       // [fate]
-    AtCommand_DoomSpot,
-    // end
-    AtCommand_Unknown,
-    AtCommand_MAX
-};
+bool is_atcommand(const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
+        const char *message, int gmlvl);
 
-typedef enum AtCommandType AtCommandType;
+int atcommand_config_read(const char *cfgName);
 
-typedef struct AtCommandInfo
-{
-    AtCommandType type;
-    const char *command;
-    int  level;
-    int  (*proc) (const int, struct map_session_data *,
-                  const char *command, const char *message);
-} AtCommandInfo;
+void log_atcommand(struct map_session_data *sd, const_string cmd);
 
-AtCommandType is_atcommand (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            const char *message, int gmlvl);
+// only used by map.cpp
+extern char *gm_logfile_name;
 
-AtCommandType atcommand (const int level, const char *message,
-                         AtCommandInfo * info);
-int  get_atcommand_level (const AtCommandType type);
-
-int  atcommand_item (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, const char *command, const char *message);  // [Valaris]
-int  atcommand_warp (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, const char *command, const char *message);  // [Yor]
-int  atcommand_spawn (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, const char *command, const char *message); // [Valaris]
-int  atcommand_goto (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, const char *command, const char *message);  // [Yor]
-int  atcommand_recall (const int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, const char *command, const char *message);    // [Yor]
-
-int  atcommand_config_read (const char *cfgName);
-
-__attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)))
-void log_atcommand (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *fmt, ...);
-__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-void gm_log (const char *fmt, ...);
-
-#endif
+#endif // ATCOMMAND_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/battle.cpp b/src/map/battle.cpp
index a636af4..97edeb3 100644
--- a/src/map/battle.cpp
+++ b/src/map/battle.cpp
@@ -1,60 +1,39 @@
-// $Id: battle.c,v 1.10 2004/09/29 21:08:17 Akitasha Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <math.h>
-
 #include "battle.hpp"
 
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "mob.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-int  attr_fix_table[4][10][10];
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 struct Battle_Config battle_config;
 
 /*==========================================
- * 二点間��離を返�
- * 戻り�整数�0以上
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int distance (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
-{
-    int  dx, dy;
-
-    dx = abs (x0 - x1);
-    dy = abs (y0 - y1);
-    return dx > dy ? dx : dy;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * 自分をロック���る対象�数を返�(汎用)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_counttargeted (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *src,
-                          int target_lv)
+static
+int battle_counttargeted(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *src,
+        ATK target_lv)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        return pc_counttargeted ((struct map_session_data *) bl, src,
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return pc_counttargeted((struct map_session_data *) bl, src,
                                  target_lv);
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-        return mob_counttargeted ((struct mob_data *) bl, src, target_lv);
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        return mob_counttargeted((struct mob_data *) bl, src, target_lv);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -63,13 +42,13 @@ int battle_counttargeted (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *src,
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_class (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_class(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.pc_class;
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return 0;
     else
         return 0;
 }
@@ -79,15 +58,15 @@ int battle_get_class (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_dir (struct block_list *bl)
+DIR battle_get_dir(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(DIR::S, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->dir;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->dir;
     else
-        return 0;
+        return DIR::S;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -95,12 +74,12 @@ int battle_get_dir (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_lv (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_lv(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_LV];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::LV];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.base_level;
     else
         return 0;
@@ -111,12 +90,12 @@ int battle_get_lv (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_range (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_range(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].range;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->attackrange;
     else
         return 0;
@@ -127,12 +106,12 @@ int battle_get_range (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_hp (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_hp(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->hp;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.hp;
     else
         return 1;
@@ -143,42 +122,26 @@ int battle_get_hp (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_max_hp (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_max_hp(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.max_hp;
     else
     {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        int  max_hp = 1;
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB && ((struct mob_data *) bl))
+        int max_hp = 1;
+        if (bl->type == BL::MOB && ((struct mob_data *) bl))
         {
-            max_hp = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_MAX_HP];
-            if (mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].mexp > 0)
-            {
-                if (battle_config.mvp_hp_rate != 100)
-                    max_hp = (max_hp * battle_config.mvp_hp_rate) / 100;
-            }
-            else
+            max_hp = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::MAX_HP];
             {
                 if (battle_config.monster_hp_rate != 100)
                     max_hp = (max_hp * battle_config.monster_hp_rate) / 100;
             }
         }
-        if (sc_data)
-        {
-            if (sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].timer != -1)
-                max_hp +=
-                    ((5 + sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].val1 * 2 +
-                      ((sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].val2 + 1) >> 1) +
-                      sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].val3 / 10) * max_hp) / 100;
-        }
         if (max_hp < 1)
             max_hp = 1;
         return max_hp;
     }
-    return 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -186,35 +149,18 @@ int battle_get_max_hp (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_str (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_str(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  str = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int str = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && ((struct mob_data *) bl))
-        str = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_STR];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
-        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[0];
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB && ((struct mob_data *) bl))
+        str = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::STR];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC && ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
+        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::STR];
 
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_LOUD].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1
-            && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            str += 4;
-        if (sc_data[SC_BLESSING].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-        {                       // ブレッシング
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            if (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl))
-                || race == 6)
-                str >>= 1;      // 悪 魔/�死
-            else
-                str += sc_data[SC_BLESSING].val1;   // ��他
-        }
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            str += 5;
-    }
     if (str < 0)
         str = 0;
     return str;
@@ -226,35 +172,18 @@ int battle_get_str (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int battle_get_agi (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_agi(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  agi = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        agi = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_AGI];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        agi = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[1];
-
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)   // 速度増加(PC�pc.c�)
-            agi += 2 + sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].val1;
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].timer != -1
-            && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            agi += agi * (2 + sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].val1) / 100;
+    int agi = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-        if (sc_data[SC_DECREASEAGI].timer != -1)    // 速度減少
-            agi -= 2 + sc_data[SC_DECREASEAGI].val1;
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        agi = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::AGI];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        agi = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::AGI];
 
-        if (sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer != -1)   // クァグマイア
-            agi >>= 1;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            agi += 5;
-    }
     if (agi < 0)
         agi = 0;
     return agi;
@@ -265,24 +194,17 @@ int battle_get_agi (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_vit (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_vit(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  vit = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        vit = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_VIT];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        vit = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[2];
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_STRIPARMOR].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            vit = vit * 60 / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            vit += 5;
-    }
+    int vit = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        vit = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::VIT];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        vit = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::VIT];
 
     if (vit < 0)
         vit = 0;
@@ -294,34 +216,18 @@ int battle_get_vit (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_int (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_int(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  int_ = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int int_ = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        int_ = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_INT];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        int_ = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[3];
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        int_ = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::INT];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        int_ = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::INT];
 
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_BLESSING].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-        {                       // ブレッシング
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            if (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl))
-                || race == 6)
-                int_ >>= 1;     // 悪 魔/�死
-            else
-                int_ += sc_data[SC_BLESSING].val1;  // ��他
-        }
-        if (sc_data[SC_STRIPHELM].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            int_ = int_ * 60 / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            int_ += 5;
-    }
     if (int_ < 0)
         int_ = 0;
     return int_;
@@ -332,39 +238,18 @@ int battle_get_int (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_dex (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_dex(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  dex = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int dex = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        dex = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_DEX];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        dex = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[4];
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        dex = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::DEX];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        dex = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::DEX];
 
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].timer != -1
-            && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            dex += dex * (2 + sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].val1) / 100;
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_BLESSING].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-        {                       // ブレッシング
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            if (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl))
-                || race == 6)
-                dex >>= 1;      // 悪 魔/�死
-            else
-                dex += sc_data[SC_BLESSING].val1;   // ��他
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer != -1)   // クァグマイア
-            dex >>= 1;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            dex += 5;
-    }
     if (dex < 0)
         dex = 0;
     return dex;
@@ -375,27 +260,18 @@ int battle_get_dex (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_luk (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_luk(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  luk = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int luk = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        luk = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_LUK];
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        luk = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[5];
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        luk = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::LUK];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        luk = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::LUK];
 
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_GLORIA].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)    // グロリア(PC�pc.c�)
-            luk += 30;
-        if (sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)  // 呪�
-            luk = 0;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            luk += 5;
-    }
     if (luk < 0)
         luk = 0;
     return luk;
@@ -406,34 +282,24 @@ int battle_get_luk (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�1以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_flee (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int battle_get_flee(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  flee = 1;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int flee = 1;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         flee = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->flee;
     else
-        flee = battle_get_agi (bl) + battle_get_lv (bl);
+        flee = battle_get_agi(bl) + battle_get_lv(bl);
 
     if (sc_data)
     {
-        if (sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            flee +=
-                flee * (sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val1 + sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val2 +
-                        (sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val3 >> 16)) / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_BLIND].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            flee -= flee * 25 / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)  // ウィンドウォーク
-            flee += flee * (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].val2) / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_SPIDERWEB].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) //スパイダーウェブ
-            flee -= flee * 50 / 100;
-
-        if (battle_is_unarmed (bl))
-            flee += (skill_power_bl (bl, TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3);   // +25 for 200
-        flee += skill_power_bl (bl, TMW_SPEED) >> 3;
+        if (battle_is_unarmed(bl))
+            flee += (skill_power_bl(bl, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3);   // +25 for 200
+        flee += skill_power_bl(bl, SkillID::TMW_SPEED) >> 3;
     }
     if (flee < 1)
         flee = 1;
@@ -445,34 +311,23 @@ int battle_get_flee (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�1以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_hit (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int battle_get_hit(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  hit = 1;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int hit = 1;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         hit = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->hit;
     else
-        hit = battle_get_dex (bl) + battle_get_lv (bl);
+        hit = battle_get_dex(bl) + battle_get_lv(bl);
 
     if (sc_data)
     {
-        if (sc_data[SC_HUMMING].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)   //
-            hit +=
-                hit * (sc_data[SC_HUMMING].val1 * 2 +
-                       sc_data[SC_HUMMING].val2 +
-                       sc_data[SC_HUMMING].val3) / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_BLIND].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // 呪�
-            hit -= hit * 25 / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) // トゥルーサイト
-            hit += 3 * (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1);
-        if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) //コンセントレーション
-            hit += (hit * (10 * (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1))) / 100;
-
-        if (battle_is_unarmed (bl))
-            hit += (skill_power_bl (bl, TMW_BRAWLING) >> 4);    // +12 for 200
+        if (battle_is_unarmed(bl))
+            hit += (skill_power_bl(bl, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) >> 4);    // +12 for 200
     }
     if (hit < 1)
         hit = 1;
@@ -484,32 +339,28 @@ int battle_get_hit (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�1以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_flee2 (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int battle_get_flee2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  flee2 = 1;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int flee2 = 1;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        flee2 = battle_get_luk (bl) + 10;
+        flee2 = battle_get_luk(bl) + 10;
         flee2 +=
             ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->flee2 -
-            (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[5] + 10);
+            (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::LUK] + 10);
     }
     else
-        flee2 = battle_get_luk (bl) + 1;
+        flee2 = battle_get_luk(bl) + 1;
 
-    if (sc_data)
     {
-        if (sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            flee2 += (sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val1 + sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val2
-                      + (sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val3 & 0xffff)) * 10;
-
-        if (battle_is_unarmed (bl))
-            flee2 += (skill_power_bl (bl, TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3);  // +25 for 200
-        flee2 += skill_power_bl (bl, TMW_SPEED) >> 3;
+        if (battle_is_unarmed(bl))
+            flee2 += (skill_power_bl(bl, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3);  // +25 for 200
+        flee2 += skill_power_bl(bl, SkillID::TMW_SPEED) >> 3;
     }
     if (flee2 < 1)
         flee2 = 1;
@@ -522,34 +373,23 @@ int battle_get_flee2 (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int battle_get_critical (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_critical(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  critical = 1;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    int critical = 1;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        critical = battle_get_luk (bl) * 2 + 10;
+        critical = battle_get_luk(bl) * 2 + 10;
         critical +=
             ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->critical -
-            ((((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[5] * 3) + 10);
+            ((((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::LUK] * 3) + 10);
     }
     else
-        critical = battle_get_luk (bl) * 3 + 1;
+        critical = battle_get_luk(bl) * 3 + 1;
 
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            critical +=
-                (10 + sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].val1 + sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].val2 +
-                 sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].val3) * 10;
-        if (sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            critical += sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].val2;
-        if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) //トゥルーサイト
-            critical += critical * sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1 / 100;
-    }
     if (critical < 1)
         critical = 1;
     return critical;
@@ -560,31 +400,23 @@ int battle_get_critical (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�1以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_baseatk (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int battle_get_baseatk(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  batk = 1;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int batk = 1;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         batk = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->base_atk;  //設定�れ��るbase_atk
     else
     {                           //�れ以外�ら
-        int  str, dstr;
-        str = battle_get_str (bl);  //STR
+        int str, dstr;
+        str = battle_get_str(bl);  //STR
         dstr = str / 10;
         batk = dstr * dstr + str;   //base_atkを計算�る
     }
-    if (sc_data)
-    {                           //状態異常�り
-        if (sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)   //PC�プロボック(SM_PROVOKE)状態
-            batk = batk * (100 + 2 * sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;   //base_atk増加
-        if (sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)  //呪�れ���ら
-            batk -= batk * 25 / 100;    //base_atk�25%減少
-        if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) //コンセントレーション
-            batk += batk * (5 * sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
-    }
     if (batk < 1)
         batk = 1;               //base_atk�最低�も1
     return batk;
@@ -595,27 +427,19 @@ int battle_get_baseatk (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_atk (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int battle_get_atk(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  atk = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int atk = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         atk = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->watk;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        atk = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_ATK1];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        atk = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::ATK1];
 
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            atk = atk * (100 + 2 * sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)
-            atk -= atk * 25 / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC) //コンセントレーション
-            atk += atk * (5 * sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
-    }
     if (atk < 0)
         atk = 0;
     return atk;
@@ -627,17 +451,11 @@ int battle_get_atk (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int battle_get_atk_ (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_atk_(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-    {
-        int  atk = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->watk_;
-
-        if (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)
-            atk -= atk * 25 / 100;
-        return atk;
-    }
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->watk_;
     else
         return 0;
 }
@@ -647,41 +465,22 @@ int battle_get_atk_ (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_atk2 (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int battle_get_atk2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->watk2;
     else
     {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        int  atk2 = 0;
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-            atk2 = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_ATK2];
-        if (sc_data)
-        {
-            if (sc_data[SC_IMPOSITIO].timer != -1)
-                atk2 += sc_data[SC_IMPOSITIO].val1 * 5;
-            if (sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer != -1)
-                atk2 = atk2 * (100 + 2 * sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;
-            if (sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)
-                atk2 -= atk2 * 25 / 100;
-            if (sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].timer != -1)
-                atk2 += sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].val2;
-            if (sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].timer != -1
-                && (battle_get_element (bl) / 10) >= 8)
-                atk2 += sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].val2;
-            if (sc_data[SC_STRIPWEAPON].timer != -1)
-                atk2 = atk2 * 90 / 100;
-            if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1)  //コンセントレーション
-                atk2 += atk2 * (5 * sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
-        }
+        int atk2 = 0;
+        if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+            atk2 = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::ATK2];
 
         if (atk2 < 0)
             atk2 = 0;
         return atk2;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -690,10 +489,10 @@ int battle_get_atk2 (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int battle_get_atk_2 (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_atk_2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->watk_2;
     else
         return 0;
@@ -705,22 +504,19 @@ int battle_get_atk_2 (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int battle_get_matk1 (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_matk1(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        int  matk, int_ = battle_get_int (bl);
+        int matk, int_ = battle_get_int(bl);
         matk = int_ + (int_ / 5) * (int_ / 5);
 
-        if (sc_data)
-            if (sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                matk = matk * (100 + 2 * sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
         return matk;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->matk1;
     else
         return 0;
@@ -732,21 +528,17 @@ int battle_get_matk1 (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int battle_get_matk2 (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_matk2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        int  matk, int_ = battle_get_int (bl);
+        int matk, int_ = battle_get_int(bl);
         matk = int_ + (int_ / 7) * (int_ / 7);
 
-        if (sc_data)
-            if (sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                matk = matk * (100 + 2 * sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
         return matk;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->matk2;
     else
         return 0;
@@ -757,67 +549,30 @@ int battle_get_matk2 (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_def (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_def(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  def = 0, skilltimer = -1, skillid = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int def = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         def = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->def;
-        skilltimer = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skilltimer;
-        skillid = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skillid;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        def = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_DEF];
-        skilltimer = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->skilltimer;
-        skillid = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->skillid;
+        def = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::DEF];
     }
 
     if (def < 1000000)
     {
         if (sc_data)
         {
-            //キーピング時�DEF100
-            if (sc_data[SC_KEEPING].timer != -1)
-                def = 100;
-            //プロボック時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                def = (def * (100 - 6 * sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) + 50) / 100;
-            //戦太鼓�響�時�加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                def += sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].val3;
             //毒������る時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_POISON].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
+            if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer
+                && bl->type != BL::PC)
                 def = def * 75 / 100;
-            //ストリップシールド時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_STRIPSHIELD].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                def = def * 85 / 100;
-            //シグナムクルシス時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                def = def * (100 - sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].val2) / 100;
-            //永��混沌時�DEF0��る
-            if (sc_data[SC_ETERNALCHAOS].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                def = 0;
-            //���石化時��シフト
-            if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1
-                || (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0))
-                def >>= 1;
-            //コンセントレーション時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                def =
-                    (def * (100 - 5 * sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1)) / 100;
-        }
-        //詠唱中�詠唱時減算率�基���減算
-        if (skilltimer != -1)
-        {
-            int  def_rate = skill_get_castdef (skillid);
-            if (def_rate != 0)
-                def = (def * (100 - def_rate)) / 100;
         }
     }
     if (def < 0)
@@ -830,38 +585,29 @@ int battle_get_def (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_mdef (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_mdef(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  mdef = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int mdef = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         mdef = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->mdef;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        mdef = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_MDEF];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        mdef = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::MDEF];
 
     if (mdef < 1000000)
     {
         if (sc_data)
         {
             //�リアー状態時�MDEF100
-            if (mdef < 90 && sc_data[SC_MBARRIER].timer != -1)
+            if (mdef < 90 && sc_data[StatusChange::SC_MBARRIER].timer)
             {
-                mdef += sc_data[SC_MBARRIER].val1;
+                mdef += sc_data[StatusChange::SC_MBARRIER].val1;
                 if (mdef > 90)
                     mdef = 90;
             }
-            if (sc_data[SC_BARRIER].timer != -1)
-                mdef = 100;
-            //���石化時�1.25�
-            if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1
-                || (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0))
-                mdef = mdef * 125 / 100;
-            if (sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                mdef -= (mdef * 6 * sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
         }
     }
     if (mdef < 0)
@@ -874,29 +620,23 @@ int battle_get_mdef (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�1以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_def2 (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_def2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  def2 = 1;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int def2 = 1;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         def2 = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->def2;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-        def2 = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_VIT];
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        def2 = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::VIT];
 
     if (sc_data)
     {
-        if (sc_data[SC_ANGELUS].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            def2 = def2 * (110 + 5 * sc_data[SC_ANGELUS].val1) / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            def2 = (def2 * (100 - 6 * sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) + 50) / 100;
-        if (sc_data[SC_POISON].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
+        if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer
+            && bl->type != BL::PC)
             def2 = def2 * 75 / 100;
-        //コンセントレーション時�減算
-        if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            def2 = def2 * (100 - 5 * sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
     }
     if (def2 < 1)
         def2 = 1;
@@ -908,25 +648,20 @@ int battle_get_def2 (struct block_list *bl)
  * 戻り�整数�0以上
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_mdef2 (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_mdef2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  mdef2 = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
+    int mdef2 = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         mdef2 =
-            ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_INT] +
-            (((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_VIT] >> 1);
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+            ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::INT] +
+            (((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::VIT] >> 1);
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         mdef2 =
             ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->mdef2 +
-            (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[2] >> 1);
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].timer != -1 && bl->type != BL_PC)
-            mdef2 -= (mdef2 * 6 * sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
-    }
+            (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->paramc[ATTR::VIT] >> 1);
+
     if (mdef2 < 0)
         mdef2 = 0;
     return mdef2;
@@ -938,58 +673,19 @@ int battle_get_mdef2 (struct block_list *bl)
  * Speed�������移動速度�速�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_speed (struct block_list *bl)
+interval_t battle_get_speed(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1000, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(std::chrono::seconds(1), bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->speed;
     else
     {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        int  speed = 1000;
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-            speed = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_SPEED];
+        interval_t speed = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+        if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+            speed = static_cast<interval_t>(((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::SPEED]);
 
-        if (sc_data)
-        {
-            //速度増加時�25%減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].timer != -1
-                && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-                speed -= speed * 25 / 100;
-            //速度減少時�25%加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_DECREASEAGI].timer != -1)
-                speed = speed * 125 / 100;
-            //クァグマイア時�50%加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer != -1)
-                speed = speed * 3 / 2;
-            //�を忘れ���…時�加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer != -1)
-                speed =
-                    speed * (100 + sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val1 * 2 +
-                             sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val2 +
-                             (sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val3 & 0xffff)) / 100;
-            //金剛時�25%加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)
-                speed = speed * 125 / 100;
-            //ディフェンダー時�加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1)
-                speed = (speed * (155 - sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val1 * 5)) / 100;
-            //踊り状態�4���
-            if (sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)
-                speed *= 4;
-            //呪�時�450加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)
-                speed = speed + 450;
-            //ウィンドウォーク時�Lv*2%減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1)
-                speed -= (speed * (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].val1 * 2)) / 100;
-        }
-        if (speed < 1)
-            speed = 1;
-        return speed;
+        return std::max(speed, std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
     }
-
-    return 1000;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -997,423 +693,213 @@ int battle_get_speed (struct block_list *bl)
  * aDelay�������攻撃速度�速�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_get_adelay (struct block_list *bl)
+// TODO figure out what all the doubling is about
+interval_t battle_get_adelay(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (4000, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        return (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->aspd << 1);
+    nullpo_retr(std::chrono::seconds(4), bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->aspd * 2;
     else
     {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        int  adelay = 4000, aspd_rate = 100, i;
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-            adelay = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[MOB_ADELAY];
+        eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+        interval_t adelay = std::chrono::seconds(4);
+        int aspd_rate = 100;
+        if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+            adelay = static_cast<interval_t>(((struct mob_data *) bl)->stats[mob_stat::ADELAY]);
 
         if (sc_data)
         {
-            //ツー�ンドクイッケン使用時�クァグマイア�も�を忘れ���…�も��時�3割減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1) // 2HQ
-                aspd_rate -= 30;
-            //アドレナリンラッシュ使用時�ツー�ンドクイッケン�もクァグマイア�も�を忘れ���…�も��時�
-            if (sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer != -1
-                && sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-            {                   // アドレナリンラッシュ
-                //使用者�パーティメン�ー�格差�出る設定���れ�3割減算
-                if (sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].val2
-                    || !battle_config.party_skill_penaly)
-                    aspd_rate -= 30;
-                //�����れ�2.5割減算
-                else
-                    aspd_rate -= 25;
-            }
-            //スピアクィッケン時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)  // スピアクィッケン
-                aspd_rate -= sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].val2;
-            //夕日�アサシンクロス時�減算
-            if (sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].timer != -1 && // 夕陽�アサシンクロス
-                sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-                aspd_rate -=
-                    5 + sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val1 +
-                    sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val2 + sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val3;
-            //�を忘れ���…時�加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer != -1)   // �を忘れ���
-                aspd_rate +=
-                    sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val1 * 3 +
-                    sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val2 +
-                    (sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val3 >> 16);
-            //金剛時25%加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)  // 金剛
-                aspd_rate += 25;
-            //増速�ーション使用時�減算
-            if (sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION2].timer != -1
-                || sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION1].timer != -1
-                || sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION0].timer != -1)
-                aspd_rate -= sc_data[i].val1;
+            if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0].timer)
+                aspd_rate -= sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0].val1;
             // Fate's `haste' spell works the same as the above
-            if (sc_data[SC_HASTE].timer != -1)
-                aspd_rate -= sc_data[SC_HASTE].val1;
-            //ディフェンダー時�加算
-            if (sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1)
-                adelay += (1100 - sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val1 * 100);
+            if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].timer)
+                aspd_rate -= sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].val1;
         }
 
         if (aspd_rate != 100)
             adelay = adelay * aspd_rate / 100;
-        if (adelay < battle_config.monster_max_aspd << 1)
-            adelay = battle_config.monster_max_aspd << 1;
-        return adelay;
+        return std::max(adelay, static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.monster_max_aspd) * 2);
     }
-    return 4000;
 }
 
-int battle_get_amotion (struct block_list *bl)
+interval_t battle_get_amotion(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (2000, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(std::chrono::seconds(2), bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->amotion;
     else
     {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        int  amotion = 2000, aspd_rate = 100, i;
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-            amotion = mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].amotion;
+        eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+        interval_t amotion = std::chrono::seconds(2);
+        int aspd_rate = 100;
+        if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+            amotion = static_cast<interval_t>(mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].amotion);
 
         if (sc_data)
         {
-            if (sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1) // 2HQ
-                aspd_rate -= 30;
-            if (sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer != -1
-                && sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-            {                   // アドレナリンラッシュ
-                if (sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].val2
-                    || !battle_config.party_skill_penaly)
-                    aspd_rate -= 30;
-                else
-                    aspd_rate -= 25;
-            }
-            if (sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)  // スピアクィッケン
-                aspd_rate -= sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].val2;
-            if (sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].timer != -1 && // 夕陽�アサシンクロス
-                sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer == -1
-                && sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-                aspd_rate -=
-                    5 + sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val1 +
-                    sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val2 + sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val3;
-            if (sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer != -1)   // �を忘れ���
-                aspd_rate +=
-                    sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val1 * 3 +
-                    sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val2 +
-                    (sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val3 >> 16);
-            if (sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)  // 金剛
-                aspd_rate += 25;
-            if (sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION2].timer != -1
-                || sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION1].timer != -1
-                || sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION0].timer != -1)
-                aspd_rate -= sc_data[i].val1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_HASTE].timer != -1)
-                aspd_rate -= sc_data[SC_HASTE].val1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1)
-                amotion += (550 - sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val1 * 50);
+            if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0].timer)
+                aspd_rate -= sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0].val1;
+            if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].timer)
+                aspd_rate -= sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].val1;
         }
 
         if (aspd_rate != 100)
             amotion = amotion * aspd_rate / 100;
-        if (amotion < battle_config.monster_max_aspd)
-            amotion = battle_config.monster_max_aspd;
-        return amotion;
+        return std::max(amotion, static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.monster_max_aspd));
     }
-    return 2000;
 }
 
-int battle_get_dmotion (struct block_list *bl)
+interval_t battle_get_dmotion(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  ret;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        ret = mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].dmotion;
-        if (battle_config.monster_damage_delay_rate != 100)
-            ret = ret * battle_config.monster_damage_delay_rate / 400;
+        return static_cast<interval_t>(mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].dmotion);
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        ret = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->dmotion;
-        if (battle_config.pc_damage_delay_rate != 100)
-            ret = ret * battle_config.pc_damage_delay_rate / 400;
+        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->dmotion;
     }
     else
-        return 2000;
-
-    if ((sc_data && sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer != -1) ||
-        (bl->type == BL_PC
-         && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->special_state.infinite_endure))
-        ret = 0;
-
-    return ret;
+        return std::chrono::seconds(2);
 }
 
-int battle_get_element (struct block_list *bl)
+LevelElement battle_get_element(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  ret = 20;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    LevelElement ret = {2, Element::neutral};
 
-    nullpo_retr (ret, bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)   // 10���Lv*2�１���属性
+    nullpo_retr(ret, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)   // 10���Lv*2�１���属性
         ret = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->def_ele;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        ret = 20 + ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->def_ele;   // 防御属性Lv1
-
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_BENEDICTIO].timer != -1) // �体��
-            ret = 26;
-        if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1) // ��
-            ret = 21;
-        if (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)
-            ret = 22;
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-int battle_get_attack_element (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    int  ret = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        ret = 0;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        ret = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->atk_ele;
-
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_FROSTWEAPON].timer != -1)    // フロストウェ�ン
-            ret = 1;
-        if (sc_data[SC_SEISMICWEAPON].timer != -1)  // サイズミックウェ�ン
-            ret = 2;
-        if (sc_data[SC_FLAMELAUNCHER].timer != -1)  // フレームラン�ャー
-            ret = 3;
-        if (sc_data[SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER].timer != -1)    // ライトニングローダー
-            ret = 4;
-        if (sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].timer != -1)  // エン�ャント�イズン
-            ret = 5;
-        if (sc_data[SC_ASPERSIO].timer != -1)   // アスペルシオ
-            ret = 6;
-    }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
-int battle_get_attack_element2 (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-    {
-        int  ret = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->atk_ele_;
-        struct status_change *sc_data =
-            ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->sc_data;
-
-        if (sc_data)
-        {
-            if (sc_data[SC_FROSTWEAPON].timer != -1)    // フロストウェ�ン
-                ret = 1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_SEISMICWEAPON].timer != -1)  // サイズミックウェ�ン
-                ret = 2;
-            if (sc_data[SC_FLAMELAUNCHER].timer != -1)  // フレームラン�ャー
-                ret = 3;
-            if (sc_data[SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER].timer != -1)    // ライトニングローダー
-                ret = 4;
-            if (sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].timer != -1)  // エン�ャント�イズン
-                ret = 5;
-            if (sc_data[SC_ASPERSIO].timer != -1)   // アスペルシオ
-                ret = 6;
-        }
-        return ret;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int battle_get_party_id (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_party_id(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.party_id;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
         if (md->master_id > 0)
             return -md->master_id;
         return -md->bl.id;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_SKILL && (struct skill_unit *) bl)
-        return ((struct skill_unit *) bl)->group->party_id;
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int battle_get_guild_id (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.guild_id;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_SKILL && (struct skill_unit *) bl)
-        return ((struct skill_unit *) bl)->group->guild_id;
-    else
-        return 0;
+    return 0;
 }
 
-int battle_get_race (struct block_list *bl)
+Race battle_get_race(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(Race::formless, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].race;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        return 7;
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int battle_get_size (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        return mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].size;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        return 1;
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return Race::demihuman;
     else
-        return 1;
+        return Race::formless;
 }
 
-int battle_get_mode (struct block_list *bl)
+MobMode battle_get_mode(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0x01, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(MobMode::CAN_MOVE, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return mob_db[((struct mob_data *) bl)->mob_class].mode;
-    else
-        return 0x01;            // �り���動�������1
+    // �り���動�������1
+    return MobMode::CAN_MOVE;
 }
 
-int battle_get_mexp (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-    {
-        const struct mob_data *mob = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-        const int retval =
-            (mob_db[mob->mob_class].mexp *
-             (int) (mob->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS])) >> MOB_XP_BONUS_SHIFT;
-        fprintf (stderr, "Modifier of %x: -> %d\n", mob->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS],
-                 retval);
-        return retval;
-    }
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int battle_get_stat (int stat_id /* SP_VIT or similar */ ,
-                     struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_get_stat(SP stat_id, struct block_list *bl)
 {
     switch (stat_id)
     {
-        case SP_STR:
-            return battle_get_str (bl);
-        case SP_AGI:
-            return battle_get_agi (bl);
-        case SP_DEX:
-            return battle_get_dex (bl);
-        case SP_VIT:
-            return battle_get_vit (bl);
-        case SP_INT:
-            return battle_get_int (bl);
-        case SP_LUK:
-            return battle_get_luk (bl);
+        case SP::STR:
+            return battle_get_str(bl);
+        case SP::AGI:
+            return battle_get_agi(bl);
+        case SP::DEX:
+            return battle_get_dex(bl);
+        case SP::VIT:
+            return battle_get_vit(bl);
+        case SP::INT:
+            return battle_get_int(bl);
+        case SP::LUK:
+            return battle_get_luk(bl);
         default:
             return 0;
     }
 }
 
 // StatusChange系�所得
-struct status_change *battle_get_sc_data (struct block_list *bl)
+eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> battle_get_sc_data(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
-        return ((struct mob_data *) bl)->sc_data;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
-        return ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->sc_data;
-    return NULL;
+    nullpo_retr(nullptr, bl);
+
+    switch (bl->type)
+    {
+    case BL::MOB:
+        return ((struct mob_data *)(bl))->sc_data;
+    case BL::PC:
+        return ((struct map_session_data *)(bl))->sc_data;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-short *battle_get_sc_count (struct block_list *bl)
+short *battle_get_sc_count(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_retr(NULL, bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return &((struct mob_data *) bl)->sc_count;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return &((struct map_session_data *) bl)->sc_count;
     return NULL;
 }
 
-short *battle_get_opt1 (struct block_list *bl)
+Opt1 *battle_get_opt1(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return &((struct mob_data *) bl)->opt1;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return &((struct map_session_data *) bl)->opt1;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
         return &((struct npc_data *) bl)->opt1;
     return 0;
 }
 
-short *battle_get_opt2 (struct block_list *bl)
+Opt2 *battle_get_opt2(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return &((struct mob_data *) bl)->opt2;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return &((struct map_session_data *) bl)->opt2;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
         return &((struct npc_data *) bl)->opt2;
     return 0;
 }
 
-short *battle_get_opt3 (struct block_list *bl)
+Opt3 *battle_get_opt3(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return &((struct mob_data *) bl)->opt3;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return &((struct map_session_data *) bl)->opt3;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
         return &((struct npc_data *) bl)->opt3;
     return 0;
 }
 
-short *battle_get_option (struct block_list *bl)
+Option *battle_get_option(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (struct mob_data *) bl)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         return &((struct mob_data *) bl)->option;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC && (struct map_session_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         return &((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.option;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::NPC && (struct npc_data *) bl)
         return &((struct npc_data *) bl)->option;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1424,45 +910,15 @@ short *battle_get_option (struct block_list *bl)
 struct battle_delay_damage_
 {
     struct block_list *src, *target;
-    int  damage;
-    int  flag;
+    int damage;
+    int flag;
 };
-static
-void battle_delay_damage_sub (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    struct battle_delay_damage_ *dat = (struct battle_delay_damage_ *) data;
-    if (dat && map_id2bl (id) == dat->src && dat->target->prev != NULL)
-        battle_damage (dat->src, dat->target, dat->damage, dat->flag);
-    free (dat);
-}
-
-int battle_delay_damage (unsigned int tick, struct block_list *src,
-                         struct block_list *target, int damage, int flag)
-{
-    struct battle_delay_damage_ *dat;
-    CREATE (dat, struct battle_delay_damage_, 1);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, target);
-
-    dat->src = src;
-    dat->target = target;
-    dat->damage = damage;
-    dat->flag = flag;
-    add_timer (tick, battle_delay_damage_sub, src->id, (int) dat);
-    return 0;
-}
 
 // 実際�HPを�作
-int battle_damage (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
+int battle_damage(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
                    int damage, int flag)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (target);
-    short *sc_count;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, target);    //bl�NULL�呼�れる����る��他��ェック
+    nullpo_ret(target);    //bl�NULL�呼�れる����る��他��ェック
 
     if (damage == 0)
         return 0;
@@ -1474,371 +930,90 @@ int battle_damage (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
     {
         if (bl->prev == NULL)
             return 0;
-
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
     }
 
     if (damage < 0)
-        return battle_heal (bl, target, -damage, 0, flag);
-
-    if (!flag && (sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (target)) != NULL
-        && *sc_count > 0)
-    {
-        // ���石化��眠を消去
-        if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1)
-            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_FREEZE, -1);
-        if (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1 && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)
-            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_STONE, -1);
-        if (sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1)
-            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_SLEEP, -1);
-    }
+        return battle_heal(bl, target, -damage, 0, flag);
 
-    if (target->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (target->type == BL::MOB)
     {                           // MOB
         struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) target;
-        if (md && md->skilltimer != -1 && md->state.skillcastcancel)    // 詠唱妨害
-            skill_castcancel (target, 0);
-        return mob_damage (bl, md, damage, 0);
+        if (md && md->skilltimer && md->state.skillcastcancel)    // 詠唱妨害
+            skill_castcancel(target, 0);
+        return mob_damage(bl, md, damage, 0);
     }
-    else if (target->type == BL_PC)
+    else if (target->type == BL::PC)
     {                           // PC
 
         struct map_session_data *tsd = (struct map_session_data *) target;
 
-        if (tsd && tsd->sc_data && tsd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val1)
-        {                       // ディボーションを��られ��る
-            struct map_session_data *md =
-                map_id2sd (tsd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val1);
-            if (md && skill_devotion3 (&md->bl, target->id))
-            {
-                skill_devotion (md, target->id);
-            }
-            else if (md && bl)
-                for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-                    if (md->dev.val1[i] == target->id)
-                    {
-                        clif_damage (bl, &md->bl, gettick (), 0, 0,
-                                     damage, 0, 0, 0);
-                        pc_damage (&md->bl, md, damage);
-
-                        return 0;
-                    }
-        }
-
-        if (tsd && tsd->skilltimer != -1)
-        {                       // 詠唱妨害
-            // フェンカードや妨害�れ��スキル��検査
-            if ((!tsd->special_state.no_castcancel || map[bl->m].flag.gvg)
-                && tsd->state.skillcastcancel
-                && !tsd->special_state.no_castcancel2)
-                skill_castcancel (target, 0);
-        }
-
-        return pc_damage (bl, tsd, damage);
+        return pc_damage(bl, tsd, damage);
 
     }
-    else if (target->type == BL_SKILL)
-        return skill_unit_ondamaged ((struct skill_unit *) target, bl, damage,
-                                     gettick ());
     return 0;
 }
 
-int battle_heal (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target, int hp,
+int battle_heal(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target, int hp,
                  int sp, int flag)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, target);    //bl�NULL�呼�れる����る��他��ェック
+    nullpo_ret(target);    //bl�NULL�呼�れる����る��他��ェック
 
-    if (target->type == BL_PC
-        && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) target))
+    if (target->type == BL::PC
+        && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) target))
         return 0;
     if (hp == 0 && sp == 0)
         return 0;
 
     if (hp < 0)
-        return battle_damage (bl, target, -hp, flag);
+        return battle_damage(bl, target, -hp, flag);
 
-    if (target->type == BL_MOB)
-        return mob_heal ((struct mob_data *) target, hp);
-    else if (target->type == BL_PC)
-        return pc_heal ((struct map_session_data *) target, hp, sp);
+    if (target->type == BL::MOB)
+        return mob_heal((struct mob_data *) target, hp);
+    else if (target->type == BL::PC)
+        return pc_heal((struct map_session_data *) target, hp, sp);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 攻撃�止
-int battle_stopattack (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_stopattack(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-        return mob_stopattack ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        return pc_stopattack ((struct map_session_data *) bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        return mob_stopattack((struct mob_data *) bl);
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return pc_stopattack((struct map_session_data *) bl);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 移動�止
-int battle_stopwalking (struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int battle_stopwalking(struct block_list *bl, int type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-        return mob_stop_walking ((struct mob_data *) bl, type);
-    else if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        return pc_stop_walking ((struct map_session_data *) bl, type);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
+        return mob_stop_walking((struct mob_data *) bl, type);
+    else if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return pc_stop_walking((struct map_session_data *) bl, type);
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * ダメージ�属性修正
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int battle_attr_fix (int damage, int atk_elem, int def_elem)
-{
-    int  def_type = def_elem % 10, def_lv = def_elem / 10 / 2;
-
-    if (atk_elem < 0 || atk_elem > 9 || def_type < 0 || def_type > 9 ||
-        def_lv < 1 || def_lv > 4)
-    {                           // 属 性値��������り�������返�
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf
-                ("battle_attr_fix: unknown attr type: atk=%d def_type=%d def_lv=%d\n",
-                 atk_elem, def_type, def_lv);
-        return damage;
-    }
-
-    return damage * attr_fix_table[def_lv - 1][atk_elem][def_type] / 100;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * ダメージ最終計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_calc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                        int damage, int div_, int skill_num, int skill_lv,
-                        int flag)
+static
+int battle_calc_damage(struct block_list *, struct block_list *bl,
+                        int damage, int div_,
+                        SkillID, int, BF flag)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
     struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    struct status_change *sc_data, *sc;
-    short *sc_count;
-    int  class_;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    class_ = battle_get_class (bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-    else
-        sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (bl);
-
-    if (sc_count != NULL && *sc_count > 0)
-    {
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_SAFETYWALL].timer != -1 && damage > 0
-            && flag & BF_WEAPON && flag & BF_SHORT
-            && skill_num != NPC_GUIDEDATTACK)
-        {
-            // セーフティウォール
-            struct skill_unit *unit =
-                (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[SC_SAFETYWALL].val2;
-            if (unit && unit->alive && (--unit->group->val2) <= 0)
-                skill_delunit (unit);
-            skill_unit_move (bl, gettick (), 1);    // ��掛��ェック
-            damage = 0;
-        }
-        if (sc_data[SC_PNEUMA].timer != -1 && damage > 0 && flag & BF_WEAPON
-            && flag & BF_LONG && skill_num != NPC_GUIDEDATTACK)
-        {
-            // ニューマ
-            damage = 0;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1 && damage > 0 &&
-            flag & BF_MAGIC)
-        {
-            // ニューマ
-            damage = 0;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_AETERNA].timer != -1 && damage > 0)
-        {                       // レックスエーテルナ
-            damage <<= 1;
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_AETERNA, -1);
-        }
-
-        //属性場�ダメージ増加
-        if (sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].timer != -1)
-        {                       // ボルケーノ
-            if (flag & BF_SKILL && skill_get_pl (skill_num) == 3)
-                damage += damage * sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].val4 / 100;
-            else if (!(flag & BF_SKILL) && (battle_get_attack_element (bl) == 3))
-                damage += damage * sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].val4 / 100;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_VIOLENTGALE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // �イオレントゲイル
-            if (flag & BF_SKILL && skill_get_pl (skill_num) == 4)
-                damage += damage * sc_data[SC_VIOLENTGALE].val4 / 100;
-            else if (!(flag & BF_SKILL) && (battle_get_attack_element (bl) == 4))
-                damage += damage * sc_data[SC_VIOLENTGALE].val4 / 100;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_DELUGE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // デリュージ
-            if (flag & BF_SKILL && skill_get_pl (skill_num) == 1)
-                damage += damage * sc_data[SC_DELUGE].val4 / 100;
-            else if (!(flag & BF_SKILL) && (battle_get_attack_element (bl) == 1))
-                damage += damage * sc_data[SC_DELUGE].val4 / 100;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_ENERGYCOAT].timer != -1 && damage > 0
-            && flag & BF_WEAPON)
-        {                       // エナジーコート
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (sd->status.sp > 0)
-                {
-                    int  per = sd->status.sp * 5 / (sd->status.max_sp + 1);
-                    sd->status.sp -= sd->status.sp * (per * 5 + 10) / 1000;
-                    if (sd->status.sp < 0)
-                        sd->status.sp = 0;
-                    damage -= damage * ((per + 1) * 6) / 100;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                }
-                if (sd->status.sp <= 0)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ENERGYCOAT, -1);
-            }
-            else
-                damage -= damage * (sc_data[SC_ENERGYCOAT].val1 * 6) / 100;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_KYRIE].timer != -1 && damage > 0)
-        {                       // キリエエレイソン
-            sc = &sc_data[SC_KYRIE];
-            sc->val2 -= damage;
-            if (flag & BF_WEAPON)
-            {
-                if (sc->val2 >= 0)
-                    damage = 0;
-                else
-                    damage = -sc->val2;
-            }
-            if ((--sc->val3) <= 0 || (sc->val2 <= 0)
-                || skill_num == AL_HOLYLIGHT)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_KYRIE, -1);
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_BASILICA].timer != -1 && damage > 0)
-        {
-            // ニューマ
-            damage = 0;
-        }
-        if (sc_data[SC_LANDPROTECTOR].timer != -1 && damage > 0
-            && flag & BF_MAGIC)
-        {
-            // ニューマ
-            damage = 0;
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_AUTOGUARD].timer != -1 && damage > 0
-            && flag & BF_WEAPON)
-        {
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_data[SC_AUTOGUARD].val2)
-            {
-                damage = 0;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, CR_AUTOGUARD,
-                                     sc_data[SC_AUTOGUARD].val1, 1);
-                if (sd)
-                    sd->canmove_tick = gettick () + 300;
-                else if (md)
-                    md->canmove_tick = gettick () + 300;
-            }
-        }
-// -- moonsoul (chance to block attacks with new Lord Knight skill parrying)
-//
-        if (sc_data[SC_PARRYING].timer != -1 && damage > 0
-            && flag & BF_WEAPON)
-        {
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_data[SC_PARRYING].val2)
-            {
-                damage = 0;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, LK_PARRYING,
-                                     sc_data[SC_PARRYING].val1, 1);
-            }
-        }
-        // リジェクトソード
-        if (sc_data[SC_REJECTSWORD].timer != -1 && damage > 0
-            && flag & BF_WEAPON
-            &&
-            ((src->type == BL_PC
-              && ((struct map_session_data *) src)->status.weapon == (1 || 2
-                                                                      || 3))
-             || src->type == BL_MOB))
-        {
-            if (MRAND (100) < (10 + 5 * sc_data[SC_REJECTSWORD].val1))
-            {                   //�射確率�10+5*Lv
-                damage = damage * 50 / 100;
-                battle_damage (bl, src, damage, 0);
-                //ダメージを与����良�ん������ら����表示�るん����ん��
-                //エフェクトも�れ�������ん��
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, ST_REJECTSWORD,
-                                     sc_data[SC_REJECTSWORD].val1, 1);
-                if ((--sc_data[SC_REJECTSWORD].val2) <= 0)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_REJECTSWORD, -1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (class_ == 1288 || class_ == 1287 || class_ == 1286 || class_ == 1285)
-    {
-//  if(class == 1288) {
-        if (class_ == 1288 && flag & BF_SKILL)
-            damage = 0;
-        if (src->type == BL_PC)
-        {
-            struct guild *g =
-                guild_search (((struct map_session_data *) src)->
-                              status.guild_id);
-            struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[bl->m].name);
-            if (!((struct map_session_data *) src)->status.guild_id)
-                damage = 0;
-            if (gc && agit_flag == 0 && class_ != 1288)  // guardians cannot be damaged during non-woe [Valaris]
-                damage = 0;     // end woe check [Valaris]
-            if (g == NULL)
-                damage = 0;     //ギルド未加入�らダメージ無�
-            else if ((gc != NULL) && guild_isallied (g, gc))
-                damage = 0;     //自�領ギルド�エンペ�らダメージ無�
-            else if (g && guild_checkskill (g, GD_APPROVAL) <= 0)
-                damage = 0;     //正�ギルド承�����ダメージ無�
-            else if (battle_config.guild_max_castles != 0
-                     && guild_checkcastles (g) >=
-                     battle_config.guild_max_castles)
-                damage = 0;     // [MouseJstr]
-        }
-        else
-            damage = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (map[bl->m].flag.gvg && damage > 0)
-    {                           //GvG
-        if (flag & BF_WEAPON)
-        {
-            if (flag & BF_SHORT)
-                damage = damage * battle_config.gvg_short_damage_rate / 100;
-            if (flag & BF_LONG)
-                damage = damage * battle_config.gvg_long_damage_rate / 100;
-        }
-        if (flag & BF_MAGIC)
-            damage = damage * battle_config.gvg_magic_damage_rate / 100;
-        if (flag & BF_MISC)
-            damage = damage * battle_config.gvg_misc_damage_rate / 100;
-        if (damage < 1)
-            damage = 1;
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.skill_min_damage || flag & BF_MISC)
+    if (battle_config.skill_min_damage
+        || bool(flag & BF::MISC))
     {
         if (div_ < 255)
         {
@@ -1850,258 +1025,56 @@ int battle_calc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
     }
 
     if (md != NULL && md->hp > 0 && damage > 0) // �撃���MOBスキル判定
-        mobskill_event (md, flag);
+        mobskill_event(md, flag);
 
     return damage;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * 修練ダメージ
- *------------------------------------------
- */
 static
-int battle_addmastery (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *target,
-                       int dmg, int type)
-{
-    int  damage, skill;
-    int  race = battle_get_race (target);
-    int  weapon;
-    damage = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    // デーモンベイン(+3 〜 +30) vs �死 or 悪魔 (死人�����？)
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AL_DEMONBANE)) > 0
-        && (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (target))
-            || race == 6))
-        damage += (skill * 3);
-
-    // ビーストベイン(+4 〜 +40) vs 動物 or 昆虫
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HT_BEASTBANE)) > 0
-        && (race == 2 || race == 4))
-        damage += (skill * 4);
-
-    if (type == 0)
-        weapon = sd->weapontype1;
-    else
-        weapon = sd->weapontype2;
-    switch (weapon)
-    {
-        case 0x01:             // 短剣 (Updated By AppleGirl)
-        case 0x02:             // 1HS
-        {
-            // 剣修練(+4 〜 +40) 片手剣 短剣�む
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SM_SWORD)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 4);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x03:             // 2HS
-        {
-            // 両手剣修練(+4 〜 +40) 両手剣
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SM_TWOHAND)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 4);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x04:             // 1HL
-        {
-            // �修練(+4 〜 +40,+5 〜 +50) �
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, KN_SPEARMASTERY)) > 0)
-            {
-                if (!pc_isriding (sd))
-                    damage += (skill * 4);  // ペコ�乗����
-                else
-                    damage += (skill * 5);  // ペコ�乗��る
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x05:             // 2HL
-        {
-            // �修練(+4 〜 +40,+5 〜 +50) �
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, KN_SPEARMASTERY)) > 0)
-            {
-                if (!pc_isriding (sd))
-                    damage += (skill * 4);  // ペコ�乗����
-                else
-                    damage += (skill * 5);  // ペコ�乗��る
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x06:             // 片手斧
-        {
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AM_AXEMASTERY)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x07:             // Axe by Tato
-        {
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AM_AXEMASTERY)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x08:             // メイス
-        {
-            // メイス修練(+3 〜 +30) メイス
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, PR_MACEMASTERY)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x09:             // ��?
-            break;
-        case 0x0a:             // �
-            break;
-        case 0x0b:             // 弓
-            break;
-        case 0x00:             // 素手
-        case 0x0c:             // Knuckles
-        {
-            // 鉄拳(+3 〜 +30) 素手,ナックル
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MO_IRONHAND)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x0d:             // Musical Instrument
-        {
-            // 楽器�練習(+3 〜 +30) 楽器
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, BA_MUSICALLESSON)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x0e:             // Dance Mastery
-        {
-            // Dance Lesson Skill Effect(+3 damage for every lvl = +30) éž­
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, DC_DANCINGLESSON)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x0f:             // Book
-        {
-            // Advance Book Skill Effect(+3 damage for every lvl = +30) {
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_ADVANCEDBOOK)) > 0)
-            {
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case 0x10:             // Katars
-        {
-            // カタール修練(+3 〜 +30) カタール
-            if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AS_KATAR)) > 0)
-            {
-                //ソニックブロー時�別処�（1撃�付�1/8�応)
-                damage += (skill * 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    damage = dmg + damage;
-    return (damage);
-}
-
-static struct Damage battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
+struct Damage battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack(struct block_list *src,
                                                     struct block_list *target,
-                                                    int skill_num,
-                                                    int skill_lv, int wflag)
+                                                    SkillID skill_num,
+                                                    int skill_lv, int)
 {
     struct map_session_data *tsd = NULL;
     struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) src, *tmd = NULL;
-    int  hitrate, flee, cri = 0, atkmin, atkmax;
-    int  luk, target_count = 1;
-    int  def1 = battle_get_def (target);
-    int  def2 = battle_get_def2 (target);
-    int  t_vit = battle_get_vit (target);
-    struct Damage wd;
-    int  damage, damage2 = 0, type, div_, blewcount =
-        skill_get_blewcount (skill_num, skill_lv);
-    int  flag, skill, ac_flag = 0, dmg_lv = 0;
-    int  t_mode = 0, t_race = 0, t_size = 1, s_race = 0, s_ele = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data, *t_sc_data;
-    short *sc_count;
-    short *option, *opt1, *opt2;
-
-    //return��処���る��情報出力部��変更
-    if (src == NULL || target == NULL || md == NULL)
-    {
-        nullpo_info (NLP_MARK);
-        memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-        return wd;
-    }
-
-    s_race = battle_get_race (src);
-    s_ele = battle_get_attack_element (src);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-    sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (src);
-    option = battle_get_option (src);
-    opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (src);
-    opt2 = battle_get_opt2 (src);
+    int hitrate, flee, cri = 0, atkmin, atkmax;
+    int target_count = 1;
+    int def1 = battle_get_def(target);
+    int def2 = battle_get_def2(target);
+    int t_vit = battle_get_vit(target);
+    struct Damage wd {};
+    int damage, damage2 = 0;
+    DamageType type;
+    int div_;
+    BF flag;
+    int ac_flag = 0;
+    ATK dmg_lv = ATK::ZERO;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data, t_sc_data;
+
+    nullpo_retr(wd, src);
+    nullpo_retr(wd, target);
+    nullpo_retr(wd, md);
+
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(src);
 
     // ターゲット
-    if (target->type == BL_PC)
+    if (target->type == BL::PC)
         tsd = (struct map_session_data *) target;
-    else if (target->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (target->type == BL::MOB)
         tmd = (struct mob_data *) target;
-    t_race = battle_get_race (target);
-    t_size = battle_get_size (target);
-    t_mode = battle_get_mode (target);
-    t_sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (target);
-
-    if ((skill_num == 0
-         || (target->type == BL_PC && battle_config.pc_auto_counter_type & 2)
-         || (target->type == BL_MOB
-             && battle_config.monster_auto_counter_type & 2))
-        && skill_lv >= 0)
-    {
-        if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS && t_sc_data
-            && t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1)
-        {
-            int  dir = map_calc_dir (src, target->x, target->y), t_dir =
-                battle_get_dir (target);
-            int  dist = distance (src->x, src->y, target->x, target->y);
-            if (dist <= 0 || map_check_dir (dir, t_dir))
-            {
-                memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-                t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val3 = 0;
-                t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val4 = 1;
-                if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer == -1)
-                {
-                    int  range = battle_get_range (target);
-                    if ((target->type == BL_PC
-                         && ((struct map_session_data *) target)->
-                         status.weapon != 11 && dist <= range + 1)
-                        || (target->type == BL_MOB && range <= 3
-                            && dist <= range + 1))
-                        t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val3 = src->id;
-                }
-                return wd;
-            }
-            else
-                ac_flag = 1;
-        }
-    }
-    flag = BF_SHORT | BF_WEAPON | BF_NORMAL;    // 攻撃�種類�設定
+    MobMode t_mode = battle_get_mode(target);
+    t_sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(target);
+
+    flag = BF::SHORT | BF::WEAPON | BF::NORMAL;    // 攻撃�種類�設定
 
     // 回�率計算�回�判定�後�
-    flee = battle_get_flee (target);
+    flee = battle_get_flee(target);
     if (battle_config.agi_penaly_type > 0
         || battle_config.vit_penaly_type > 0)
         target_count +=
-            battle_counttargeted (target, src,
-                                  battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv);
+            battle_counttargeted(target, src,
+                    ATK(battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv)); // FIXME
     if (battle_config.agi_penaly_type > 0)
     {
         if (target_count >= battle_config.agi_penaly_count)
@@ -2122,325 +1095,72 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
                 flee = 1;
         }
     }
-    hitrate = battle_get_hit (src) - flee + 80;
+    hitrate = battle_get_hit(src) - flee + 80;
 
-    type = 0;                   // normal
+    type = DamageType::NORMAL;
     div_ = 1;                   // single attack
 
-    luk = battle_get_luk (src);
-
     if (battle_config.enemy_str)
-        damage = battle_get_baseatk (src);
+        damage = battle_get_baseatk(src);
     else
         damage = 0;
-    if (skill_num == HW_MAGICCRASHER)
-    {                           /* マジッククラッシャー�MATK�殴る */
-        atkmin = battle_get_matk1 (src);
-        atkmax = battle_get_matk2 (src);
-    }
-    else
     {
-        atkmin = battle_get_atk (src);
-        atkmax = battle_get_atk2 (src);
+        atkmin = battle_get_atk(src);
+        atkmax = battle_get_atk2(src);
     }
     if (mob_db[md->mob_class].range > 3)
-        flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
+        flag = (flag & ~BF::RANGEMASK) | BF::LONG;
 
     if (atkmin > atkmax)
         atkmin = atkmax;
 
-    if (sc_data != NULL && sc_data[SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER].timer != -1)
-    {                           // マキシマイズパワー
-        atkmin = atkmax;
-    }
-
-    cri = battle_get_critical (src);
-    cri -= battle_get_luk (target) * 3;
+    cri = battle_get_critical(src);
+    cri -= battle_get_luk(target) * 3;
     if (battle_config.enemy_critical_rate != 100)
     {
         cri = cri * battle_config.enemy_critical_rate / 100;
         if (cri < 1)
             cri = 1;
     }
-    if (t_sc_data != NULL && t_sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1)   // �眠中�クリティカル���
-        cri <<= 1;
 
     if (ac_flag)
         cri = 1000;
 
-    if (skill_num == KN_AUTOCOUNTER)
-    {
-        if (!(battle_config.monster_auto_counter_type & 1))
-            cri = 1000;
-        else
-            cri <<= 1;
-    }
-
     if (tsd && tsd->critical_def)
         cri = cri * (100 - tsd->critical_def) / 100;
 
-    if ((skill_num == 0 || skill_num == KN_AUTOCOUNTER) && skill_lv >= 0 && battle_config.enemy_critical && (MRAND (1000)) < cri)   // 判定（スキル�場��無視）
+    if ((skill_num == SkillID::ZERO)
+        && skill_lv >= 0 && battle_config.enemy_critical
+        && random_::chance({cri, 1000}))
+        // 判定（スキル�場��無視）
         // 敵�判定
     {
         damage += atkmax;
-        type = 0x0a;
+        type = DamageType::CRITICAL;
     }
     else
     {
-        int  vitbonusmax;
+        int vitbonusmax;
 
         if (atkmax > atkmin)
-            damage += atkmin + MRAND ((atkmax - atkmin + 1));
+            damage += random_::in(atkmin, atkmax);
         else
             damage += atkmin;
-        // スキル修正１（攻撃力�化系）
-        // オー�ートラスト(+5% 〜 +25%),他攻撃系スキル�場����補正
-        // �ッシュ,マグナムブレイク,
-        // ボーリング�ッシュ,スピアブーメラン,ブランディッシュスピア,スピアスタッブ,
-        // メマーナイト,カートレボリューション
-        // ダブルストレイフィング,アローシャワー,�ャージアロー,
-        // ソニックブロー
-        if (sc_data)
-        {                       //状態異常中�ダメージ追加
-            if (sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].timer != -1) // オー�ートラスト
-                damage += damage * (5 * sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].val1) / 100;
-            if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)  // トゥルーサイト
-                damage += damage * (2 * sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1) / 100;
-            if (sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)    // �ーサーク
-                damage += damage * 50 / 100;
-        }
 
-        if (skill_num > 0)
+        if (skill_num != SkillID::ZERO && skill_num != SkillID::NEGATIVE)
         {
-            int  i;
-            if ((i = skill_get_pl (skill_num)) > 0)
-                s_ele = i;
-
-            flag = (flag & ~BF_SKILLMASK) | BF_SKILL;
-            switch (skill_num)
-            {
-                case SM_BASH:  // �ッシュ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    hitrate = (hitrate * (100 + 5 * skill_lv)) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case SM_MAGNUM:    // マグナムブレイク
-                    damage =
-                        damage * (5 * skill_lv + (wflag) ? 65 : 115) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case MC_MAMMONITE: // メマーナイト
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case AC_DOUBLE:    // ダブルストレイフィング
-                    damage = damage * (180 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 2;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case AC_SHOWER:    // アローシャワー
-                    damage = damage * (75 + 5 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case AC_CHARGEARROW:   // �ャージアロー
-                    damage = damage * 150 / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case KN_PIERCE:    // ピアース
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 10 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    hitrate = hitrate * (100 + 5 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = t_size + 1;
-                    damage *= div_;
-                    break;
-                case KN_SPEARSTAB: // スピアスタブ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 15 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case KN_SPEARBOOMERANG:    // スピアブーメラン
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case KN_BRANDISHSPEAR: // ブランディッシュスピア
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    if (skill_lv > 3 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage2 += damage / 2;
-                    if (skill_lv > 6 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage2 += damage / 4;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage2 += damage / 8;
-                    if (skill_lv > 6 && wflag == 2)
-                        damage2 += damage / 2;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 2)
-                        damage2 += damage / 4;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 3)
-                        damage2 += damage / 2;
-                    damage += damage2;
-                    blewcount = 0;
-                    break;
-                case KN_BOWLINGBASH:   // ボウリング�ッシュ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    blewcount = 0;
-                    break;
-                case KN_AUTOCOUNTER:
-                    if (battle_config.monster_auto_counter_type & 1)
-                        hitrate += 20;
-                    else
-                        hitrate = 1000000;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_SKILLMASK) | BF_NORMAL;
-                    break;
-                case AS_SONICBLOW: // ソニックブロウ
-                    damage = damage * (300 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 8;
-                    break;
-                case TF_SPRINKLESAND:  // 砂��
-                    damage = damage * 125 / 100;
-                    break;
-                case MC_CARTREVOLUTION:    // カートレボリューション
-                    damage = (damage * 150) / 100;
-                    break;
-                    // 以下MOB
-                case NPC_COMBOATTACK:  // 多段攻撃
-                    div_ = skill_get_num (skill_num, skill_lv);
-                    damage *= div_;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_RANDOMATTACK: // ランダムATK攻撃
-                    damage = damage * (MPRAND (50, 150)) / 100;
-                    break;
-                    // 属性攻撃（�当）
-                case NPC_WATERATTACK:
-                case NPC_GROUNDATTACK:
-                case NPC_FIREATTACK:
-                case NPC_WINDATTACK:
-                case NPC_POISONATTACK:
-                case NPC_HOLYATTACK:
-                case NPC_DARKNESSATTACK:
-                case NPC_TELEKINESISATTACK:
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 25 * (skill_lv - 1)) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_GUIDEDATTACK:
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_RANGEATTACK:
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_PIERCINGATT:
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_SHORT;
-                    break;
-                case RG_BACKSTAP:  // �ックスタブ
-                    damage = damage * (300 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    break;
-                case RG_RAID:  // サプライズアタック
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case RG_INTIMIDATE:    // インティミデイト
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CR_SHIELDCHARGE:  // シールド�ャージ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_SHORT;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    break;
-                case CR_SHIELDBOOMERANG:   // シールドブーメラン
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    break;
-                case CR_HOLYCROSS: // ホーリークロス
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 35 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 2;
-                    break;
-                case CR_GRANDCROSS:
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    break;
-                case AM_DEMONSTRATION: // デモンストレーション
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case AM_ACIDTERROR:    // アシッドテラー
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE:   //指弾
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 1;
-                    break;
-                case MO_INVESTIGATE:   // 発 �
-                    if (def1 < 1000000)
-                        damage =
-                            damage * (100 + 75 * skill_lv) / 100 * (def1 +
-                                                                    def2) /
-                            100;
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    break;
-                case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: // 阿修羅覇鳳拳
-                    damage = damage * 8 + 250 + (skill_lv * 150);
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    break;
-                case MO_CHAINCOMBO:    // 連打掌
-                    damage = damage * (150 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 4;
-                    break;
-                case BA_MUSICALSTRIKE: // ミュージカルストライク
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case DC_THROWARROW:    // 矢撃�
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case MO_COMBOFINISH:   // 猛�拳
-                    damage = damage * (240 + 60 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CH_TIGERFIST: // �虎拳
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CH_CHAINCRUSH:    // 連柱崩撃
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = skill_get_num (skill_num, skill_lv);
-                    break;
-                case CH_PALMSTRIKE:    // 猛虎硬派山
-                    damage = damage * (50 + 100 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case LK_SPIRALPIERCE:  /* スパイラルピアース */
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;  //増加��分�ら�����当�
-                    div_ = 5;
-                    if (tsd)
-                        tsd->canmove_tick = gettick () + 1000;
-                    else if (tmd)
-                        tmd->canmove_tick = gettick () + 1000;
-                    break;
-                case LK_HEADCRUSH: /* ヘッドクラッシュ */
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case LK_JOINTBEAT: /* ジョイントビート */
-                    damage = damage * (50 + 10 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case ASC_METEORASSAULT:    /* メテオアサルト */
-                    damage = damage * (40 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case SN_SHARPSHOOTING: /* シャープシューティング */
-                    damage += damage * (30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CG_ARROWVULCAN:   /* アロー�ルカン */
-                    damage = damage * (160 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 9;
-                    break;
-                case AS_SPLASHER:  /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-                    damage = damage * (200 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-            }
+            flag = (flag & ~BF::SKILLMASK) | BF::SKILL;
         }
 
-        if (skill_num != NPC_CRITICALSLASH)
         {
             // 対 象�防御力�よるダメージ�減少
             // ディ�インプロテクション（��������？）
-            if (skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && skill_num != MO_EXTREMITYFIST
-                && skill_num != KN_AUTOCOUNTER && def1 < 1000000)
+            if (def1 < 1000000)
             {                   //DEF, VIT無視
-                int  t_def;
+                int t_def;
                 target_count =
-                    1 + battle_counttargeted (target, src,
-                                              battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv);
+                    1 + battle_counttargeted(target, src,
+                            ATK(battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv)); // FIXME
                 if (battle_config.vit_penaly_type > 0)
                 {
                     if (target_count >= battle_config.vit_penaly_count)
@@ -2493,24 +1213,13 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
                     }
                 }
                 t_def = def2 * 8 / 10;
-                if (battle_check_undead (s_race, battle_get_elem_type (src))
-                    || s_race == 6)
-                    if (tsd && (skill = pc_checkskill (tsd, AL_DP)) > 0)
-                        t_def += skill * 3;
 
                 vitbonusmax = (t_vit / 20) * (t_vit / 20) - 1;
-                if (battle_config.monster_defense_type)
-                {
-                    damage =
-                        damage - (def1 * battle_config.monster_defense_type) -
-                        t_def -
-                        ((vitbonusmax < 1) ? 0 : MRAND ((vitbonusmax + 1)));
-                }
-                else
                 {
-                    damage =
-                        damage * (100 - def1) / 100 - t_def -
-                        ((vitbonusmax < 1) ? 0 : MRAND ((vitbonusmax + 1)));
+                    damage = damage * (100 - def1) / 100;
+                    damage -= t_def;
+                    if (vitbonusmax > 0)
+                       damage -= random_::in(0, vitbonusmax);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -2523,143 +1232,68 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
     // 回�修正
     if (hitrate < 1000000)
         hitrate = ((hitrate > 95) ? 95 : ((hitrate < 5) ? 5 : hitrate));
-    if (hitrate < 1000000 &&    // 必中攻撃
-        (t_sc_data != NULL && (t_sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1 ||   // �眠�必中
-                               t_sc_data[SC_STAN].timer != -1 ||    // スタン�必中
-                               t_sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1 || (t_sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1 && t_sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0))))    // ���必中
-        hitrate = 1000000;
-    if (type == 0 && MRAND (100) >= hitrate)
+
+    if (type == DamageType::NORMAL && !random_::chance({hitrate, 100}))
     {
         damage = damage2 = 0;
-        dmg_lv = ATK_FLEE;
+        dmg_lv = ATK::FLEE;
     }
     else
     {
-        dmg_lv = ATK_DEF;
-    }
-
-    if (tsd)
-    {
-        int  cardfix = 100, i;
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subele[s_ele]) / 100;   // 属 性�よるダメージ�性
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[s_race]) / 100; // 種��よるダメージ�性
-        if (mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x20)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[10]) / 100;
-        else
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[11]) / 100;
-        for (i = 0; i < tsd->add_def_class_count; i++)
-        {
-            if (tsd->add_def_classid[i] == md->mob_class)
-            {
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->add_def_classrate[i]) / 100;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (flag & BF_LONG)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->long_attack_def_rate) / 100;
-        if (flag & BF_SHORT)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->near_attack_def_rate) / 100;
-        damage = damage * cardfix / 100;
-    }
-    if (t_sc_data)
-    {
-        int  cardfix = 100;
-        if (t_sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1 && flag & BF_LONG)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - t_sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val2) / 100;
-        if (cardfix != 100)
-            damage = damage * cardfix / 100;
-    }
-    if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_ASSUMPTIO].timer != -1)
-    {                           //アシャンプティオ
-        if (!map[target->m].flag.pvp)
-            damage = damage / 3;
-        else
-            damage = damage / 2;
+        dmg_lv = ATK::DEF;
     }
 
     if (damage < 0)
         damage = 0;
 
-    // 属 性��用
-    if (!((battle_config.mob_ghostring_fix == 1) && (battle_get_element (target) == 8) && (target->type == BL_PC))) // [MouseJstr]
-        if (skill_num != 0 || s_ele != 0
-            || !battle_config.mob_attack_attr_none)
-            damage =
-                battle_attr_fix (damage, s_ele, battle_get_element (target));
-
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_AURABLADE].timer != -1)   /* オーラブレード 必中 */
-        damage += sc_data[SC_AURABLADE].val1 * 10;
-    if (skill_num == PA_PRESSURE)   /* プレッシャー 必中? */
-        damage = 700 + 100 * skill_lv;
-
-    // インベナム修正
-    if (skill_num == TF_POISON)
-    {
-        damage =
-            battle_attr_fix (damage + 15 * skill_lv, s_ele,
-                             battle_get_element (target));
-    }
-    if (skill_num == MC_CARTREVOLUTION)
-    {
-        damage = battle_attr_fix (damage, 0, battle_get_element (target));
-    }
-
     // 完全回��判定
-    if (skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0 && tsd != NULL
-        && MRAND (1000) < battle_get_flee2 (target))
+    if (skill_num == SkillID::ZERO && skill_lv >= 0 && tsd != NULL
+        && random_::chance({battle_get_flee2(target), 1000}))
     {
         damage = 0;
-        type = 0x0b;
-        dmg_lv = ATK_LUCKY;
+        type = DamageType::FLEE2;
+        dmg_lv = ATK::LUCKY;
     }
 
     if (battle_config.enemy_perfect_flee)
     {
-        if (skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0 && tmd != NULL
-            && MRAND (1000) < battle_get_flee2 (target))
+        if (skill_num == SkillID::ZERO && skill_lv >= 0 && tmd != NULL
+            && random_::chance({battle_get_flee2(target), 1000}))
         {
             damage = 0;
-            type = 0x0b;
-            dmg_lv = ATK_LUCKY;
+            type = DamageType::FLEE2;
+            dmg_lv = ATK::LUCKY;
         }
     }
 
 //  if(def1 >= 1000000 && damage > 0)
-    if (t_mode & 0x40 && damage > 0)
+    if (bool(t_mode & MobMode::PLANT) && damage > 0)
         damage = 1;
 
-    if (tsd && tsd->special_state.no_weapon_damage)
-        damage = 0;
-
-    if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS)
-        damage =
-            battle_calc_damage (src, target, damage, div_, skill_num,
-                                skill_lv, flag);
+    damage = battle_calc_damage(src, target, damage, div_,
+            skill_num, skill_lv, flag);
 
     wd.damage = damage;
     wd.damage2 = 0;
     wd.type = type;
     wd.div_ = div_;
-    wd.amotion = battle_get_amotion (src);
-    if (skill_num == KN_AUTOCOUNTER)
-        wd.amotion >>= 1;
-    wd.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion (target);
-    wd.blewcount = blewcount;
+    wd.amotion = battle_get_amotion(src);
+    wd.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion(target);
     wd.flag = flag;
     wd.dmg_lv = dmg_lv;
     return wd;
 }
 
-int battle_is_unarmed (struct block_list *bl)
+int battle_is_unarmed(struct block_list *bl)
 {
     if (!bl)
         return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
-        return (sd->equip_index[EQUIP_SHIELD] == -1
-                && sd->equip_index[EQUIP_WEAPON] == -1);
+        return (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] == -1
+                && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON] == -1);
     }
     else
         return 0;
@@ -2670,104 +1304,57 @@ int battle_is_unarmed (struct block_list *bl)
  * PC�武器�よる攻撃
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
-static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
+static
+struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack(struct block_list *src,
                                                    struct block_list *target,
-                                                   int skill_num,
-                                                   int skill_lv, int wflag)
+                                                   SkillID skill_num,
+                                                   int skill_lv, int)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src, *tsd =
         NULL;
     struct mob_data *tmd = NULL;
-    int  hitrate, flee, cri = 0, atkmin, atkmax;
-    int  dex, luk, target_count = 1;
-    int  def1 = battle_get_def (target);
-    int  def2 = battle_get_def2 (target);
-    int  t_vit = battle_get_vit (target);
-    struct Damage wd;
-    int  damage, damage2, damage3 = 0, damage4 = 0, type, div_, blewcount =
-        skill_get_blewcount (skill_num, skill_lv);
-    int  flag, skill, dmg_lv = 0;
-    int  t_mode = 0, t_race = 0, t_size = 1, s_race = 7, s_ele = 0;
-    struct status_change *sc_data, *t_sc_data;
-    short *sc_count;
-    short *option, *opt1, *opt2;
-    int  atkmax_ = 0, atkmin_ = 0, s_ele_;  //二刀�用
-    int  watk, watk_, cardfix, t_ele;
-    int  da = 0, i, t_class, ac_flag = 0;
-    int  idef_flag = 0, idef_flag_ = 0;
-    int  target_distance;
-
-    //return��処���る��情報出力部��変更
-    if (src == NULL || target == NULL || sd == NULL)
-    {
-        nullpo_info (NLP_MARK);
-        memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-        return wd;
-    }
+    int hitrate, flee, cri = 0, atkmin, atkmax;
+    int dex, target_count = 1;
+    int def1 = battle_get_def(target);
+    int def2 = battle_get_def2(target);
+    int t_vit = battle_get_vit(target);
+    struct Damage wd {};
+    int damage, damage2;
+    DamageType type;
+    int div_;
+    BF flag;
+    ATK dmg_lv = ATK::ZERO;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data, t_sc_data;
+    int atkmax_ = 0, atkmin_ = 0;  //二刀�用
+    int watk, watk_;
+    bool da = false;
+    int ac_flag = 0;
+    int target_distance;
+
+    nullpo_retr(wd, src);
+    nullpo_retr(wd, target);
+    nullpo_retr(wd, sd);
 
     // アタッカー
-    s_race = battle_get_race (src); //種�
-    s_ele = battle_get_attack_element (src);    //属性
-    s_ele_ = battle_get_attack_element2 (src);  //左手属性
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src); //ステータス異常
-    sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (src);   //ステータス異常�数
-    option = battle_get_option (src);   //鷹��ペコ��カート��
-    opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (src);   //石化����スタン��眠�暗闇
-    opt2 = battle_get_opt2 (src);   //毒�呪��沈黙�暗闇？
-
-    if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS) //グランドクロス����ら
-        sd->state.attack_type = BF_WEAPON;  //攻撃タイプ�武器攻撃
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(src); //ステータス異常
+
+    sd->state.attack_type = BF::WEAPON;  //攻撃タイプ�武器攻撃
 
     // ターゲット
-    if (target->type == BL_PC)  //対象�PC�ら
+    if (target->type == BL::PC)  //対象�PC�ら
         tsd = (struct map_session_data *) target;   //tsd�代入(tmd�NULL)
-    else if (target->type == BL_MOB)    //対象�Mob�ら
+    else if (target->type == BL::MOB)    //対象�Mob�ら
         tmd = (struct mob_data *) target;   //tmd�代入(tsd�NULL)
-    t_race = battle_get_race (target);  //対象�種�
-    t_ele = battle_get_elem_type (target);  //対象�属性
-    t_size = battle_get_size (target);  //対象�サイズ
-    t_mode = battle_get_mode (target);  //対象�Mode
-    t_sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (target);    //対象�ステータス異常
-
-//オートカウンター処����ら
-    if ((skill_num == 0
-         || (target->type == BL_PC && battle_config.pc_auto_counter_type & 2)
-         || (target->type == BL_MOB
-             && battle_config.monster_auto_counter_type & 2))
-        && skill_lv >= 0)
-    {
-        if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS && t_sc_data
-            && t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1)
-        {                       //グランドクロス����対象�オートカウンター状態�場�
-            int  dir = map_calc_dir (src, target->x, target->y), t_dir =
-                battle_get_dir (target);
-            int  dist = distance (src->x, src->y, target->x, target->y);
-            if (dist <= 0 || map_check_dir (dir, t_dir))
-            {                   //対象���離�0以下����対象�正�？
-                memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-                t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val3 = 0;
-                t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val4 = 1;
-                if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer == -1)
-                {               //自分�オートカウンター状態
-                    int  range = battle_get_range (target);
-                    if ((target->type == BL_PC && ((struct map_session_data *) target)->status.weapon != 11 && dist <= range + 1) ||    //対象�PC�武器�弓矢���射程内
-                        (target->type == BL_MOB && range <= 3 && dist <= range + 1))    //���対象�Mob�射程�3以下�射程内
-                        t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val3 = src->id;
-                }
-                return wd;      //ダメージ構造体を返��終了
-            }
-            else
-                ac_flag = 1;
-        }
-    }
-//オートカウンター処�����
+    MobMode t_mode = battle_get_mode(target);  //対象�Mode
+    t_sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(target);    //対象�ステータス異常
 
-    flag = BF_SHORT | BF_WEAPON | BF_NORMAL;    // 攻撃�種類�設定
+    flag = BF::SHORT | BF::WEAPON | BF::NORMAL;    // 攻撃�種類�設定
 
     // 回�率計算�回�判定�後�
-    flee = battle_get_flee (target);
+    flee = battle_get_flee(target);
     if (battle_config.agi_penaly_type > 0 || battle_config.vit_penaly_type > 0) //AGI�VITペナルティ設定�有効
-        target_count += battle_counttargeted (target, src, battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv);  //対象�数を算出
+        target_count += battle_counttargeted(target, src,
+                ATK(battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv));  //対象�数を算出
     if (battle_config.agi_penaly_type > 0)
     {
         if (target_count >= battle_config.agi_penaly_count)
@@ -2788,34 +1375,28 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
                 flee = 1;       //回�率�最低�も1
         }
     }
-    hitrate = battle_get_hit (src) - flee + 80; //命中率計算
+    hitrate = battle_get_hit(src) - flee + 80; //命中率計算
 
     {                           // [fate] Reduce hit chance by distance
-        int  dx = abs (src->x - target->x);
-        int  dy = abs (src->y - target->y);
-        int  malus_dist;
+        int dx = abs(src->x - target->x);
+        int dy = abs(src->y - target->y);
+        int malus_dist;
 
-        target_distance = MAX (dx, dy);
+        target_distance = max(dx, dy);
         malus_dist =
-            MAX (0, target_distance - (skill_power (sd, AC_OWL) / 75));
+            max(0, target_distance - (skill_power(sd, SkillID::AC_OWL) / 75));
         hitrate -= (malus_dist * (malus_dist + 1));
     }
 
-    dex = battle_get_dex (src); //DEX
-    luk = battle_get_luk (src); //LUK
-    watk = battle_get_atk (src);    //ATK
-    watk_ = battle_get_atk_ (src);  //ATK左手
+    dex = battle_get_dex(src); //DEX
+    watk = battle_get_atk(src);    //ATK
+    watk_ = battle_get_atk_(src);  //ATK左手
 
-    type = 0;                   // normal
+    type = DamageType::NORMAL;
     div_ = 1;                   // single attack
 
-    if (skill_num == HW_MAGICCRASHER)
-    {                           /* マジッククラッシャー�MATK�殴る */
-        damage = damage2 = battle_get_matk1 (src);  //damega,damega2�登場�base_atk��得
-    }
-    else
     {
-        damage = damage2 = battle_get_baseatk (&sd->bl);    //damega,damega2�登場�base_atk��得
+        damage = damage2 = battle_get_baseatk(&sd->bl);    //damega,damega2�登場�base_atk��得
     }
     if (sd->attackrange > 2)
     {                           // [fate] ranged weapon?
@@ -2832,45 +1413,23 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
 
     atkmin = atkmin_ = dex;     //最低ATK�DEX��期化？
     sd->state.arrow_atk = 0;    //arrow_atk�期化
-    if (sd->equip_index[9] >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]])
+    if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON] >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]])
         atkmin =
             atkmin * (80 +
-                      sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->wlv * 20) / 100;
-    if (sd->equip_index[8] >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]])
+                      sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->wlv * 20) / 100;
+    if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]])
         atkmin_ =
             atkmin_ * (80 +
-                       sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->wlv * 20) /
+                       sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->wlv * 20) /
             100;
-    if (sd->status.weapon == 11)
+    if (sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::BOW)
     {                           //武器�弓矢�場�
         atkmin = watk * ((atkmin < watk) ? atkmin : watk) / 100;    //弓用最低ATK計算
-        flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;    //��離攻撃フラグを有効
-        if (sd->arrow_ele > 0)  //属性矢�ら属性を矢�属性�変更
-            s_ele = sd->arrow_ele;
+        flag = (flag & ~BF::RANGEMASK) | BF::LONG;    //��離攻撃フラグを有効
         sd->state.arrow_atk = 1;    //arrow_atk有効化
     }
 
-    // サイズ修正
-    // ペコ騎乗�������攻撃��場��中型�サイズ修正を100��る
-    // ウェ�ンパーフェクション,ドレイクC
-    if (((sd->special_state.no_sizefix)
-         || (pc_isriding (sd)
-             && (sd->status.weapon == 4 || sd->status.weapon == 5)
-             && t_size == 1) || skill_num == MO_EXTREMITYFIST))
-    {                           //ペコ騎乗�������中型を攻撃
-        atkmax = watk;
-        atkmax_ = watk_;
-    }
-    else
     {
-        atkmax = (watk * sd->atkmods[t_size]) / 100;
-        atkmin = (atkmin * sd->atkmods[t_size]) / 100;
-        atkmax_ = (watk_ * sd->atkmods_[t_size]) / 100;
-        atkmin_ = (atkmin_ * sd->atkmods[t_size]) / 100;
-    }
-    if ((sc_data != NULL && sc_data[SC_WEAPONPERFECTION].timer != -1)
-        || (sd->special_state.no_sizefix))
-    {                           // ウェ�ンパーフェクション || ドレイクカード
         atkmax = watk;
         atkmax_ = watk_;
     }
@@ -2880,70 +1439,37 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
     if (atkmin_ > atkmax_)
         atkmin_ = atkmax_;
 
-    if (sc_data != NULL && sc_data[SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER].timer != -1)
-    {                           // マキシマイズパワー
-        atkmin = atkmax;
-        atkmin_ = atkmax_;
-    }
-
-    //ダブルアタック判定
-    if (sd->weapontype1 == 0x01)
-    {
-        if (skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0
-            && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, TF_DOUBLE)) > 0)
-            da = (MRAND (100) < (skill * 5)) ? 1 : 0;
-    }
-
-    //三段掌
-    if (skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0
-        && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MO_TRIPLEATTACK)) > 0
-        && sd->status.weapon <= 16 && !sd->state.arrow_atk)
-    {
-        da = (MRAND (100) < (30 - skill)) ? 2 : 0;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->double_rate > 0 && da == 0 && skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0)
-        da = (MRAND (100) < sd->double_rate) ? 1 : 0;
+    if (sd->double_rate > 0 && skill_num == SkillID::ZERO && skill_lv >= 0)
+        da = random_::chance({sd->double_rate, 100});
 
     // �剰精錬ボーナス
     if (sd->overrefine > 0)
-        damage += MPRAND (1, sd->overrefine);
+        damage += random_::in(1, sd->overrefine);
     if (sd->overrefine_ > 0)
-        damage2 += MPRAND (1, sd->overrefine_);
+        damage2 += random_::in(1, sd->overrefine_);
 
-    if (da == 0)
+    if (!da)
     {                           //ダブルアタック�発動�����
         // クリティカル計算
-        cri = battle_get_critical (src);
+        cri = battle_get_critical(src);
 
         if (sd->state.arrow_atk)
             cri += sd->arrow_cri;
-        if (sd->status.weapon == 16)
+        if (sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::_16)
             // カタール�場��クリティカルを��
             cri <<= 1;
-        cri -= battle_get_luk (target) * 3;
-        if (t_sc_data != NULL && t_sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1)   // �眠中�クリティカル���
-            cri <<= 1;
+        cri -= battle_get_luk(target) * 3;
         if (ac_flag)
             cri = 1000;
-
-        if (skill_num == KN_AUTOCOUNTER)
-        {
-            if (!(battle_config.pc_auto_counter_type & 1))
-                cri = 1000;
-            else
-                cri <<= 1;
-        }
-
-        if (skill_num == SN_SHARPSHOOTING && MRAND (100) < 50)
-            cri = 1000;
     }
 
     if (tsd && tsd->critical_def)
         cri = cri * (100 - tsd->critical_def) / 100;
 
-    if (da == 0 && (skill_num == 0 || skill_num == KN_AUTOCOUNTER || skill_num == SN_SHARPSHOOTING) && skill_lv >= 0 && //ダブルアタック�発動�����
-        (MRAND (1000)) < cri)   // 判定（スキル�場��無視）
+    //ダブルアタック�発動�����
+    // 判定（スキル�場��無視）
+    if (!da && skill_num == SkillID::ZERO && skill_lv >= 0
+        && random_::chance({cri, 1000}))
     {
         damage += atkmax;
         damage2 += atkmax_;
@@ -2954,49 +1480,18 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
         }
         if (sd->state.arrow_atk)
             damage += sd->arrow_atk;
-        type = 0x0a;
-
-/*		if(def1 < 1000000) {
-			if(sd->def_ratio_atk_ele & (1<<t_ele) || sd->def_ratio_atk_race & (1<<t_race)) {
-				damage = (damage * (def1 + def2))/100;
-				idef_flag = 1;
-			}
-			if(sd->def_ratio_atk_ele_ & (1<<t_ele) || sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ & (1<<t_race)) {
-				damage2 = (damage2 * (def1 + def2))/100;
-				idef_flag_ = 1;
-			}
-			if(t_mode & 0x20) {
-				if(!idef_flag && sd->def_ratio_atk_race & (1<<10)) {
-					damage = (damage * (def1 + def2))/100;
-					idef_flag = 1;
-				}
-				if(!idef_flag_ && sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ & (1<<10)) {
-					damage2 = (damage2 * (def1 + def2))/100;
-					idef_flag_ = 1;
-				}
-			}
-			else {
-				if(!idef_flag && sd->def_ratio_atk_race & (1<<11)) {
-					damage = (damage * (def1 + def2))/100;
-					idef_flag = 1;
-				}
-				if(!idef_flag_ && sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ & (1<<11)) {
-					damage2 = (damage2 * (def1 + def2))/100;
-					idef_flag_ = 1;
-				}
-			}
-		}*/
+        type = DamageType::CRITICAL;
     }
     else
     {
-        int  vitbonusmax;
+        int vitbonusmax;
 
         if (atkmax > atkmin)
-            damage += atkmin + MRAND ((atkmax - atkmin + 1));
+            damage += random_::in(atkmin, atkmax);
         else
             damage += atkmin;
         if (atkmax_ > atkmin_)
-            damage2 += atkmin_ + MRAND ((atkmax_ - atkmin_ + 1));
+            damage2 += random_::in(atkmin_, atkmax_);
         else
             damage2 += atkmin_;
         if (sd->atk_rate != 100)
@@ -3008,562 +1503,24 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
         if (sd->state.arrow_atk)
         {
             if (sd->arrow_atk > 0)
-                damage += MRAND ((sd->arrow_atk + 1));
+                damage += random_::in(0, sd->arrow_atk);
             hitrate += sd->arrow_hit;
         }
 
-        if (skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && def1 < 1000000)
-        {
-            if (sd->def_ratio_atk_ele & (1 << t_ele)
-                || sd->def_ratio_atk_race & (1 << t_race))
-            {
-                damage = (damage * (def1 + def2)) / 100;
-                idef_flag = 1;
-            }
-            if (sd->def_ratio_atk_ele_ & (1 << t_ele)
-                || sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ & (1 << t_race))
-            {
-                damage2 = (damage2 * (def1 + def2)) / 100;
-                idef_flag_ = 1;
-            }
-            if (t_mode & 0x20)
-            {
-                if (!idef_flag && sd->def_ratio_atk_race & (1 << 10))
-                {
-                    damage = (damage * (def1 + def2)) / 100;
-                    idef_flag = 1;
-                }
-                if (!idef_flag_ && sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ & (1 << 10))
-                {
-                    damage2 = (damage2 * (def1 + def2)) / 100;
-                    idef_flag_ = 1;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (!idef_flag && sd->def_ratio_atk_race & (1 << 11))
-                {
-                    damage = (damage * (def1 + def2)) / 100;
-                    idef_flag = 1;
-                }
-                if (!idef_flag_ && sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ & (1 << 11))
-                {
-                    damage2 = (damage2 * (def1 + def2)) / 100;
-                    idef_flag_ = 1;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // スキル修正１（攻撃力�化系）
-        // オー�ートラスト(+5% 〜 +25%),他攻撃系スキル�場����補正
-        // �ッシュ,マグナムブレイク,
-        // ボーリング�ッシュ,スピアブーメラン,ブランディッシュスピア,スピアスタッブ,
-        // メマーナイト,カートレボリューション
-        // ダブルストレイフィング,アローシャワー,�ャージアロー,
-        // ソニックブロー
-        if (sc_data)
-        {                       //状態異常中�ダメージ追加
-            if (sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].timer != -1)
-            {                   // オー�ートラスト
-                damage += damage * (5 * sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].val1) / 100;
-                damage2 += damage2 * (5 * sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].val1) / 100;
-            }
-            if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)
-            {                   // トゥルーサイト
-                damage += damage * (2 * sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1) / 100;
-                damage2 += damage2 * (2 * sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1) / 100;
-            }
-            if (sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-            {                   // �ーサーク
-                damage += damage * 50 / 100;
-                damage2 += damage2 * 50 / 100;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (skill_num > 0)
+        if (skill_num != SkillID::ZERO && skill_num != SkillID::NEGATIVE)
         {
-            int  i;
-            if ((i = skill_get_pl (skill_num)) > 0)
-                s_ele = s_ele_ = i;
-
-            flag = (flag & ~BF_SKILLMASK) | BF_SKILL;
-            switch (skill_num)
-            {
-                case SM_BASH:  // �ッシュ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    hitrate = (hitrate * (100 + 5 * skill_lv)) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case SM_MAGNUM:    // マグナムブレイク
-                    damage =
-                        damage * (5 * skill_lv + (wflag) ? 65 : 115) / 100;
-                    damage2 =
-                        damage2 * (5 * skill_lv + (wflag) ? 65 : 115) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case MC_MAMMONITE: // メマーナイト
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case AC_DOUBLE:    // ダブルストレイフィング
-                    if (!sd->state.arrow_atk && sd->arrow_atk > 0)
-                    {
-                        int  arr = MRAND ((sd->arrow_atk + 1));
-                        damage += arr;
-                        damage2 += arr;
-                    }
-                    damage = damage * (180 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (180 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 2;
-                    if (sd->arrow_ele > 0)
-                    {
-                        s_ele = sd->arrow_ele;
-                        s_ele_ = sd->arrow_ele;
-                    }
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    sd->state.arrow_atk = 1;
-                    break;
-                case AC_SHOWER:    // アローシャワー
-                    if (!sd->state.arrow_atk && sd->arrow_atk > 0)
-                    {
-                        int  arr = MRAND ((sd->arrow_atk + 1));
-                        damage += arr;
-                        damage2 += arr;
-                    }
-                    damage = damage * (75 + 5 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (75 + 5 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    if (sd->arrow_ele > 0)
-                    {
-                        s_ele = sd->arrow_ele;
-                        s_ele_ = sd->arrow_ele;
-                    }
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    sd->state.arrow_atk = 1;
-                    break;
-                case AC_CHARGEARROW:   // �ャージアロー
-                    if (!sd->state.arrow_atk && sd->arrow_atk > 0)
-                    {
-                        int  arr = MRAND ((sd->arrow_atk + 1));
-                        damage += arr;
-                        damage2 += arr;
-                    }
-                    damage = damage * 150 / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * 150 / 100;
-                    if (sd->arrow_ele > 0)
-                    {
-                        s_ele = sd->arrow_ele;
-                        s_ele_ = sd->arrow_ele;
-                    }
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    sd->state.arrow_atk = 1;
-                    break;
-                case KN_PIERCE:    // ピアース
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 10 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 10 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    hitrate = hitrate * (100 + 5 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = t_size + 1;
-                    damage *= div_;
-                    damage2 *= div_;
-                    break;
-                case KN_SPEARSTAB: // スピアスタブ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 15 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 15 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case KN_SPEARBOOMERANG:    // スピアブーメラン
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case KN_BRANDISHSPEAR: // ブランディッシュスピア
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    if (skill_lv > 3 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage3 += damage / 2;
-                    if (skill_lv > 6 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage3 += damage / 4;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage3 += damage / 8;
-                    if (skill_lv > 6 && wflag == 2)
-                        damage3 += damage / 2;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 2)
-                        damage3 += damage / 4;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 3)
-                        damage3 += damage / 2;
-                    damage += damage3;
-                    if (skill_lv > 3 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage4 += damage2 / 2;
-                    if (skill_lv > 6 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage4 += damage2 / 4;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 1)
-                        damage4 += damage2 / 8;
-                    if (skill_lv > 6 && wflag == 2)
-                        damage4 += damage2 / 2;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 2)
-                        damage4 += damage2 / 4;
-                    if (skill_lv > 9 && wflag == 3)
-                        damage4 += damage2 / 2;
-                    damage2 += damage4;
-                    blewcount = 0;
-                    break;
-                case KN_BOWLINGBASH:   // ボウリング�ッシュ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    blewcount = 0;
-                    break;
-                case KN_AUTOCOUNTER:
-                    if (battle_config.pc_auto_counter_type & 1)
-                        hitrate += 20;
-                    else
-                        hitrate = 1000000;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_SKILLMASK) | BF_NORMAL;
-                    break;
-                case AS_SONICBLOW: // ソニックブロウ
-                    hitrate += 30;  // hitrate +30, thanks to midas
-                    damage = damage * (300 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (300 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 8;
-                    break;
-                case TF_SPRINKLESAND:  // 砂��
-                    damage = damage * 125 / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * 125 / 100;
-                    break;
-                case MC_CARTREVOLUTION:    // カートレボリューション
-                    if (sd->cart_max_weight > 0 && sd->cart_weight > 0)
-                    {
-                        damage =
-                            (damage *
-                             (150 + pc_checkskill (sd, BS_WEAPONRESEARCH) +
-                              (sd->cart_weight * 100 /
-                               sd->cart_max_weight))) / 100;
-                        damage2 =
-                            (damage2 *
-                             (150 + pc_checkskill (sd, BS_WEAPONRESEARCH) +
-                              (sd->cart_weight * 100 /
-                               sd->cart_max_weight))) / 100;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        damage = (damage * 150) / 100;
-                        damage2 = (damage2 * 150) / 100;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                    // 以下MOB
-                case NPC_COMBOATTACK:  // 多段攻撃
-                    div_ = skill_get_num (skill_num, skill_lv);
-                    damage *= div_;
-                    damage2 *= div_;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_RANDOMATTACK: // ランダムATK攻撃
-                    damage = damage * (MPRAND (50, 150)) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (MPRAND (50, 150)) / 100;
-                    break;
-                    // 属性攻撃（�当）
-                case NPC_WATERATTACK:
-                case NPC_GROUNDATTACK:
-                case NPC_FIREATTACK:
-                case NPC_WINDATTACK:
-                case NPC_POISONATTACK:
-                case NPC_HOLYATTACK:
-                case NPC_DARKNESSATTACK:
-                case NPC_TELEKINESISATTACK:
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 25 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 25 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_GUIDEDATTACK:
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_RANGEATTACK:
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    break;
-                case NPC_PIERCINGATT:
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_SHORT;
-                    break;
-                case RG_BACKSTAP:  // �ックスタブ
-                    if (battle_config.backstab_bow_penalty == 1
-                        && sd->status.weapon == 11)
-                    {
-                        damage = (damage * (300 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100) / 2;
-                        damage2 = (damage2 * (300 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100) / 2;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        damage = damage * (300 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                        damage2 = damage2 * (300 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    }
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    break;
-                case RG_RAID:  // サプライズアタック
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case RG_INTIMIDATE:    // インティミデイト
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CR_SHIELDCHARGE:  // シールド�ャージ
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_SHORT;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    break;
-                case CR_SHIELDBOOMERANG:   // シールドブーメラン
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    break;
-                case CR_HOLYCROSS: // ホーリークロス
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 35 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 35 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 2;
-                    break;
-                case CR_GRANDCROSS:
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    break;
-                case AM_DEMONSTRATION: // デモンストレーション
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case AM_ACIDTERROR:    // アシッドテラー
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE:   //指弾
-                    if (battle_config.finger_offensive_type == 0)
-                    {
-                        damage =
-                            damage * (100 +
-                                      50 * skill_lv) / 100 *
-                            sd->spiritball_old;
-                        damage2 =
-                            damage2 * (100 +
-                                       50 * skill_lv) / 100 *
-                            sd->spiritball_old;
-                        div_ = sd->spiritball_old;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                        damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                        div_ = 1;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case MO_INVESTIGATE:   // 発 �
-                    if (def1 < 1000000)
-                    {
-                        damage =
-                            damage * (100 + 75 * skill_lv) / 100 * (def1 +
-                                                                    def2) /
-                            100;
-                        damage2 =
-                            damage2 * (100 + 75 * skill_lv) / 100 * (def1 +
-                                                                     def2) /
-                            100;
-                    }
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    s_ele_ = 0;
-                    break;
-                case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: // 阿修羅覇鳳拳
-                    damage =
-                        damage * (8 + ((sd->status.sp) / 10)) + 250 +
-                        (skill_lv * 150);
-                    damage2 =
-                        damage2 * (8 + ((sd->status.sp) / 10)) + 250 +
-                        (skill_lv * 150);
-                    sd->status.sp = 0;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                    hitrate = 1000000;
-                    s_ele = 0;
-                    s_ele_ = 0;
-                    break;
-                case MO_CHAINCOMBO:    // 連打掌
-                    damage = damage * (150 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (150 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 4;
-                    break;
-                case MO_COMBOFINISH:   // 猛�拳
-                    damage = damage * (240 + 60 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (240 + 60 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case BA_MUSICALSTRIKE: // ミュージカルストライク
-                    if (!sd->state.arrow_atk && sd->arrow_atk > 0)
-                    {
-                        int  arr = MRAND ((sd->arrow_atk + 1));
-                        damage += arr;
-                        damage2 += arr;
-                    }
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    if (sd->arrow_ele > 0)
-                    {
-                        s_ele = sd->arrow_ele;
-                        s_ele_ = sd->arrow_ele;
-                    }
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    sd->state.arrow_atk = 1;
-                    break;
-                case DC_THROWARROW:    // 矢撃�
-                    if (!sd->state.arrow_atk && sd->arrow_atk > 0)
-                    {
-                        int  arr = MRAND ((sd->arrow_atk + 1));
-                        damage += arr;
-                        damage2 += arr;
-                    }
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    if (sd->arrow_ele > 0)
-                    {
-                        s_ele = sd->arrow_ele;
-                        s_ele_ = sd->arrow_ele;
-                    }
-                    flag = (flag & ~BF_RANGEMASK) | BF_LONG;
-                    sd->state.arrow_atk = 1;
-                    break;
-                case CH_TIGERFIST: // �虎拳
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CH_CHAINCRUSH:    // 連柱崩撃
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = skill_get_num (skill_num, skill_lv);
-                    break;
-                case CH_PALMSTRIKE:    // 猛虎硬派山
-                    damage = damage * (50 + 100 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (50 + 100 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case LK_SPIRALPIERCE:  /* スパイラルピアース */
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;  //増加��分�ら�����当�
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 50 * skill_lv) / 100;    //増加��分�ら�����当�
-                    div_ = 5;
-                    if (tsd)
-                        tsd->canmove_tick = gettick () + 1000;
-                    else if (tmd)
-                        tmd->canmove_tick = gettick () + 1000;
-                    break;
-                case LK_HEADCRUSH: /* ヘッドクラッシュ */
-                    damage = damage * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (100 + 20 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case LK_JOINTBEAT: /* ジョイントビート */
-                    damage = damage * (50 + 10 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (50 + 10 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case ASC_METEORASSAULT:    /* メテオアサルト */
-                    damage = damage * (40 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (40 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case SN_SHARPSHOOTING: /* シャープシューティング */
-                    damage += damage * (30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 += damage2 * (30 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case CG_ARROWVULCAN:   /* アロー�ルカン */
-                    damage = damage * (160 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    damage2 = damage2 * (160 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-                    div_ = 9;
-                    break;
-                case AS_SPLASHER:  /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-                    damage =
-                        damage * (200 + 20 * skill_lv +
-                                  20 * pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                      AS_POISONREACT)) / 100;
-                    damage2 =
-                        damage2 * (200 + 20 * skill_lv +
-                                   20 * pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                       AS_POISONREACT)) / 100;
-                    break;
-                case PA_SACRIFICE:
-                    if (sd)
-                    {
-                        int  hp, mhp, damage3;
-                        hp = battle_get_hp (src);
-                        mhp = battle_get_max_hp (src);
-                        damage3 = mhp * ((skill_lv / 2) + (50 / 100)) / 100;
-                        damage =
-                            (((skill_lv * 15) + 90) / 100) * damage3 / 100;
-                        damage2 =
-                            (((skill_lv * 15) + 90) / 100) * damage3 / 100;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case ASC_BREAKER:  // -- moonsoul (special damage for ASC_BREAKER skill)
-                    if (sd)
-                    {
-                        int  damage3;
-                        int  mdef1 = battle_get_mdef (target);
-                        int  mdef2 = battle_get_mdef2 (target);
-                        int  imdef_flag = 0;
-
-                        damage =
-                            ((damage * 5) +
-                             (skill_lv * battle_get_int (src) * 5) +
-                             MRAND (500) + 500) / 2;
-                        damage2 =
-                            ((damage2 * 5) +
-                             (skill_lv * battle_get_int (src) * 5) +
-                             MRAND (500) + 500) / 2;
-                        damage3 = damage;
-                        hitrate = 1000000;
-
-                        if (sd->ignore_mdef_ele & (1 << t_ele)
-                            || sd->ignore_mdef_race & (1 << t_race))
-                            imdef_flag = 1;
-                        if (t_mode & 0x20)
-                        {
-                            if (sd->ignore_mdef_race & (1 << 10))
-                                imdef_flag = 1;
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            if (sd->ignore_mdef_race & (1 << 11))
-                                imdef_flag = 1;
-                        }
-                        if (!imdef_flag)
-                        {
-                            if (battle_config.magic_defense_type)
-                            {
-                                damage3 =
-                                    damage3 -
-                                    (mdef1 *
-                                     battle_config.magic_defense_type) -
-                                    mdef2;
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                damage3 =
-                                    (damage3 * (100 - mdef1)) / 100 - mdef2;
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                        if (damage3 < 1)
-                            damage3 = 1;
-
-                        damage3 =
-                            battle_attr_fix (damage2, s_ele_,
-                                             battle_get_element (target));
-                    }
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (da == 2)
-        {                       //三段掌�発動���る�
-            type = 0x08;
-            div_ = 255;         //三段掌用�…
-            damage =
-                damage * (100 +
-                          20 * pc_checkskill (sd, MO_TRIPLEATTACK)) / 100;
+            flag = (flag & ~BF::SKILLMASK) | BF::SKILL;
         }
 
-        if (skill_num != NPC_CRITICALSLASH)
         {
             // 対 象�防御力�よるダメージ�減少
             // ディ�インプロテクション（��������？）
-            if (skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && skill_num != MO_EXTREMITYFIST
-                && skill_num != KN_AUTOCOUNTER && def1 < 1000000)
+            if (def1 < 1000000)
             {                   //DEF, VIT無視
-                int  t_def;
+                int t_def;
                 target_count =
-                    1 + battle_counttargeted (target, src,
-                                              battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv);
+                    1 + battle_counttargeted(target, src,
+                            ATK(battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv)); // FIXME
                 if (battle_config.vit_penaly_type > 0)
                 {
                     if (target_count >= battle_config.vit_penaly_count)
@@ -3617,105 +1574,30 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
                 }
                 t_def = def2 * 8 / 10;
                 vitbonusmax = (t_vit / 20) * (t_vit / 20) - 1;
-                if (sd->ignore_def_ele & (1 << t_ele)
-                    || sd->ignore_def_race & (1 << t_race))
-                    idef_flag = 1;
-                if (sd->ignore_def_ele_ & (1 << t_ele)
-                    || sd->ignore_def_race_ & (1 << t_race))
-                    idef_flag_ = 1;
-                if (t_mode & 0x20)
-                {
-                    if (sd->ignore_def_race & (1 << 10))
-                        idef_flag = 1;
-                    if (sd->ignore_def_race_ & (1 << 10))
-                        idef_flag_ = 1;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (sd->ignore_def_race & (1 << 11))
-                        idef_flag = 1;
-                    if (sd->ignore_def_race_ & (1 << 11))
-                        idef_flag_ = 1;
-                }
 
-                if (!idef_flag)
                 {
-                    if (battle_config.player_defense_type)
-                    {
-                        damage =
-                            damage -
-                            (def1 * battle_config.player_defense_type) -
-                            t_def -
-                            ((vitbonusmax <
-                              1) ? 0 : MRAND ((vitbonusmax + 1)));
-                    }
-                    else
                     {
-                        damage =
-                            damage * (100 - def1) / 100 - t_def -
-                            ((vitbonusmax <
-                              1) ? 0 : MRAND ((vitbonusmax + 1)));
+                        damage = damage * (100 - def1) / 100;
+                        damage -= t_def;
+                        if (vitbonusmax > 0)
+                            damage -= random_::in(0, vitbonusmax);
                     }
                 }
-                if (!idef_flag_)
                 {
-                    if (battle_config.player_defense_type)
                     {
-                        damage2 =
-                            damage2 -
-                            (def1 * battle_config.player_defense_type) -
-                            t_def -
-                            ((vitbonusmax <
-                              1) ? 0 : MRAND ((vitbonusmax + 1)));
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        damage2 =
-                            damage2 * (100 - def1) / 100 - t_def -
-                            ((vitbonusmax <
-                              1) ? 0 : MRAND ((vitbonusmax + 1)));
+                        damage2 = damage2 * (100 - def1) / 100;
+                        damage2 -= t_def;
+                        if (vitbonusmax > 0)
+                            damage2 -= random_::in(0, vitbonusmax);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
     }
     // 精錬ダメージ�追加
-    if (skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && skill_num != MO_EXTREMITYFIST)
     {                           //DEF, VIT無視
-        damage += battle_get_atk2 (src);
-        damage2 += battle_get_atk_2 (src);
-    }
-    if (skill_num == CR_SHIELDBOOMERANG)
-    {
-        if (sd->equip_index[8] >= 0)
-        {
-            int  index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 5)
-            {
-                damage += sd->inventory_data[index]->weight / 10;
-                damage +=
-                    sd->status.inventory[index].refine * pc_getrefinebonus (0,
-                                                                            1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (skill_num == LK_SPIRALPIERCE)
-    {                           /* スパイラルピアース */
-        if (sd->equip_index[9] >= 0)
-        {                       //���追加ダメージら����シールドブーメランを�考�追加
-            int  index = sd->equip_index[9];
-            if (sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
-            {
-                damage +=
-                    (int) (double) (sd->inventory_data[index]->weight *
-                                    (0.8 * skill_lv * 4 / 10));
-                damage +=
-                    sd->status.inventory[index].refine * pc_getrefinebonus (0,
-                                                                            1);
-            }
-        }
+        damage += battle_get_atk2(src);
+        damage2 += battle_get_atk_2(src);
     }
 
     // 0未満���場�1�補正
@@ -3726,222 +1608,35 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
 
     // スキル修正２（修練系）
     // 修練ダメージ(�手��) ソニックブロー時�別処�（1撃�付�1/8�応)
-    if (skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && skill_num != MO_EXTREMITYFIST
-        && skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS)
     {                           //修練ダメージ無視
-        damage = battle_addmastery (sd, target, damage, 0);
-        damage2 = battle_addmastery (sd, target, damage2, 1);
     }
 
     if (sd->perfect_hit > 0)
     {
-        if (MRAND (100) < sd->perfect_hit)
+        if (random_::chance({sd->perfect_hit, 100}))
             hitrate = 1000000;
     }
 
     // 回�修正
     hitrate = (hitrate < 5) ? 5 : hitrate;
-    if (hitrate < 1000000 &&    // 必中攻撃
-        (t_sc_data != NULL && (t_sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1 ||   // �眠�必中
-                               t_sc_data[SC_STAN].timer != -1 ||    // スタン�必中
-                               t_sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1 || (t_sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1 && t_sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0))))    // ���必中
-        hitrate = 1000000;
-    if (type == 0 && MRAND (100) >= hitrate)
+    if (type == DamageType::NORMAL && !random_::chance({hitrate, 100}))
     {
         damage = damage2 = 0;
-        dmg_lv = ATK_FLEE;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        dmg_lv = ATK_DEF;
-    }
-    // スキル修正３（武器研究）
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, BS_WEAPONRESEARCH)) > 0)
-    {
-        damage += skill * 2;
-        damage2 += skill * 2;
-    }
-    //Advanced Katar Research by zanetheinsane
-    if (sd->weapontype1 == 0x10 || sd->weapontype2 == 0x10)
-    {
-        if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, ASC_KATAR)) > 0)
-        {
-            damage += (damage * ((skill * 2) + 10)) / 100;
-        }
-    }
-
-//スキル�よるダメージ補正����
-
-//カード�よるダメージ追加処����ら
-    cardfix = 100;
-    if (!sd->state.arrow_atk)
-    {                           //弓矢以外
-        if (!battle_config.left_cardfix_to_right)
-        {                       //左手カード補正設定無�
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[t_race]) / 100;  // 種��よるダメージ修正
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addele[t_ele]) / 100;    // 属性�よるダメージ修正
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addsize[t_size]) / 100;  // サイズ�よるダメージ修正
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[t_race] + sd->addrace_[t_race]) / 100;   // 種��よるダメージ修正(左手�よる追加�り)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addele[t_ele] + sd->addele_[t_ele]) / 100;   // 属性�よるダメージ修正(左手�よる追加�り)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addsize[t_size] + sd->addsize_[t_size]) / 100;   // サイズ�よるダメージ修正(左手�よる追加�り)
-        }
+        dmg_lv = ATK::FLEE;
     }
     else
-    {                           //弓矢
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[t_race] + sd->arrow_addrace[t_race]) / 100;  // 種��よるダメージ修正(弓矢�よる追加�り)
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addele[t_ele] + sd->arrow_addele[t_ele]) / 100;  // 属性�よるダメージ修正(弓矢�よる追加�り)
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addsize[t_size] + sd->arrow_addsize[t_size]) / 100;  // サイズ�よるダメージ修正(弓矢�よる追加�り)
-    }
-    if (t_mode & 0x20)
-    {                           //ボス
-        if (!sd->state.arrow_atk)
-        {                       //弓矢攻撃以外�ら
-            if (!battle_config.left_cardfix_to_right)   //左手カード補正設定無�
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[10]) / 100;  //ボスモンスター�追加ダメージ
-            else                //左手カード補正設定�り
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[10] + sd->addrace_[10]) / 100;   //ボスモンスター�追加ダメージ(左手�よる追加�り)
-        }
-        else                    //弓矢攻撃
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[10] + sd->arrow_addrace[10]) / 100;  //ボスモンスター�追加ダメージ(弓矢�よる追加�り)
-    }
-    else
-    {                           //ボス�ゃ��
-        if (!sd->state.arrow_atk)
-        {                       //弓矢攻撃以外
-            if (!battle_config.left_cardfix_to_right)   //左手カード補正設定無�
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[11]) / 100;  //ボス以外モンスター�追加ダメージ
-            else                //左手カード補正設定�り
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[11] + sd->addrace_[11]) / 100;   //ボス以外モンスター�追加ダメージ(左手�よる追加�り)
-        }
-        else
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace[11] + sd->arrow_addrace[11]) / 100;  //ボス以外モンスター�追加ダメージ(弓矢�よる追加�り)
-    }
-    //特定Class用補正処�(少女�日記→ボンゴン用？)
-    t_class = battle_get_class (target);
-    for (i = 0; i < sd->add_damage_class_count; i++)
     {
-        if (sd->add_damage_classid[i] == t_class)
-        {
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->add_damage_classrate[i]) / 100;
-            break;
-        }
+        dmg_lv = ATK::DEF;
     }
-    if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS || !battle_config.gx_cardfix)
-        damage = damage * cardfix / 100;    //カード補正�よるダメージ増加
-//カード�よるダメージ増加処�����
-
-//カード�よるダメージ追加処�(左手)���ら
-    cardfix = 100;
-    if (!battle_config.left_cardfix_to_right)
-    {                           //左手カード補正設定無�
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace_[t_race]) / 100; // 種��よるダメージ修正左手
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addele_[t_ele]) / 100;   // 属 性�よるダメージ修正左手
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addsize_[t_size]) / 100; // サイズ�よるダメージ修正左手
-        if (t_mode & 0x20)      //ボス
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace_[10]) / 100; //ボスモンスター�追加ダメージ左手
-        else
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->addrace_[11]) / 100; //ボス以外モンスター�追加ダメージ左手
-    }
-    //特定Class用補正処�左手(少女�日記→ボンゴン用？)
-    for (i = 0; i < sd->add_damage_class_count_; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->add_damage_classid_[i] == t_class)
-        {
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->add_damage_classrate_[i]) / 100;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS)
-        damage2 = damage2 * cardfix / 100;  //カード補正�よる左手ダメージ増加
-//カード�よるダメージ増加処�(左手)����
-
-// -- moonsoul (cardfix for magic damage portion of ASC_BREAKER)
-    if (skill_num == ASC_BREAKER)
-        damage3 = damage3 * cardfix / 100;
-
-//カード�よるダメージ減衰処����ら
-    if (tsd)
-    {                           //対象�PC�場�
-        cardfix = 100;
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[s_race]) / 100; // 種��よるダメージ�性
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subele[s_ele]) / 100;   // 属性�よるダメージ�性
-        if (battle_get_mode (src) & 0x20)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[10]) / 100; //ボス�ら�攻撃�ダメージ減少
-        else
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[11]) / 100; //ボス以外�ら�攻撃�ダメージ減少
-        //特定Class用補正処�左手(少女�日記→ボンゴン用？)
-        for (i = 0; i < tsd->add_def_class_count; i++)
-        {
-            if (tsd->add_def_classid[i] == sd->status.pc_class)
-            {
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->add_def_classrate[i]) / 100;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (flag & BF_LONG)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->long_attack_def_rate) / 100;    //��離攻撃�ダメージ減少(ホルンC��)
-        if (flag & BF_SHORT)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->near_attack_def_rate) / 100;    //近�離攻撃�ダメージ減少(該当無�？)
-        damage = damage * cardfix / 100;    //カード補正�よるダメージ減少
-        damage2 = damage2 * cardfix / 100;  //カード補正�よる左手ダメージ減少
-    }
-//カード�よるダメージ減衰処�����
-
-//対象�ステータス異常��る場��ダメージ減算処����ら
-    if (t_sc_data)
-    {
-        cardfix = 100;
-        if (t_sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1 && flag & BF_LONG)   //ディフェンダー状態���離攻撃
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - t_sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val2) / 100;  //ディフェンダー�よる減衰
-        if (cardfix != 100)
-        {
-            damage = damage * cardfix / 100;    //ディフェンダー補正�よるダメージ減少
-            damage2 = damage2 * cardfix / 100;  //ディフェンダー補正�よる左手ダメージ減少
-        }
-        if (t_sc_data[SC_ASSUMPTIO].timer != -1)
-        {                       //アスムプティオ
-            if (!map[target->m].flag.pvp)
-            {
-                damage = damage / 3;
-                damage2 = damage2 / 3;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                damage = damage / 2;
-                damage2 = damage2 / 2;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-//対象�ステータス異常��る場��ダメージ減算処�����
 
     if (damage < 0)
         damage = 0;
     if (damage2 < 0)
         damage2 = 0;
 
-    // 属 性��用
-    damage = battle_attr_fix (damage, s_ele, battle_get_element (target));
-    damage2 = battle_attr_fix (damage2, s_ele_, battle_get_element (target));
-
     // 星���ら�気���用
     damage += sd->star;
     damage2 += sd->star_;
-    damage += sd->spiritball * 3;
-    damage2 += sd->spiritball * 3;
-
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_AURABLADE].timer != -1)
-    {                           /* オーラブレード 必中 */
-        damage += sc_data[SC_AURABLADE].val1 * 10;
-        damage2 += sc_data[SC_AURABLADE].val1 * 10;
-    }
-    if (skill_num == PA_PRESSURE)
-    {                           /* プレッシャー 必中? */
-        damage = 700 + 100 * skill_lv;
-        damage2 = 700 + 100 * skill_lv;
-    }
 
     // >二刀��左�ダメージ計算誰�や���れ��������
     // >map_session_data �左手ダメージ(atk,atk2)追加��
@@ -3950,23 +1645,22 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
     // pc_calcstatus()�データを入力�����
 
     //左手��武器装備
-    if (sd->weapontype1 == 0 && sd->weapontype2 > 0)
+    if (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::NONE
+        && sd->weapontype2 != ItemLook::NONE)
     {
         damage = damage2;
         damage2 = 0;
     }
     // �手�左手修練��用
-    if (sd->status.weapon > 16)
+    if (sd->status.weapon >= ItemLook::SINGLE_HANDED_COUNT)
     {                           // 二刀��?
-        int  dmg = damage, dmg2 = damage2;
+        int dmg = damage, dmg2 = damage2;
         // �手修練(60% 〜 100%) �手全般
-        skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AS_RIGHT);
-        damage = damage * (50 + (skill * 10)) / 100;
+        damage = damage * 50 / 100;
         if (dmg > 0 && damage < 1)
             damage = 1;
         // 左手修練(40% 〜 80%) 左手全般
-        skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AS_LEFT);
-        damage2 = damage2 * (30 + (skill * 10)) / 100;
+        damage2 = damage2 * 30 / 100;
         if (dmg2 > 0 && damage2 < 1)
             damage2 = 1;
     }
@@ -3974,57 +1668,44 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
         damage2 = 0;
 
     // �手,短剣��
-    if (da == 1)
+    if (da)
     {                           //ダブルアタック�発動���る�
         div_ = 2;
         damage += damage;
-        type = 0x08;
+        type = DamageType::DOUBLED;
     }
 
-    if (sd->status.weapon == 16)
+    if (sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::_16)
     {
         // カタール追撃ダメージ
-        skill = pc_checkskill (sd, TF_DOUBLE);
-        damage2 = damage * (1 + (skill * 2)) / 100;
+        damage2 = damage * 1 / 100;
         if (damage > 0 && damage2 < 1)
             damage2 = 1;
     }
 
-    // インベナム修正
-    if (skill_num == TF_POISON)
-    {
-        damage =
-            battle_attr_fix (damage + 15 * skill_lv, s_ele,
-                             battle_get_element (target));
-    }
-    if (skill_num == MC_CARTREVOLUTION)
-    {
-        damage = battle_attr_fix (damage, 0, battle_get_element (target));
-    }
-
     // 完全回��判定
-    if (skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0 && tsd != NULL && div_ < 255
-        && MRAND (1000) < battle_get_flee2 (target))
+    if (skill_num == SkillID::ZERO && skill_lv >= 0 && tsd != NULL && div_ < 255
+        && random_::chance({battle_get_flee2(target), 1000}))
     {
         damage = damage2 = 0;
-        type = 0x0b;
-        dmg_lv = ATK_LUCKY;
+        type = DamageType::FLEE2;
+        dmg_lv = ATK::LUCKY;
     }
 
     // 対象�完全回�を�る設定�ON�ら
     if (battle_config.enemy_perfect_flee)
     {
-        if (skill_num == 0 && skill_lv >= 0 && tmd != NULL && div_ < 255
-            && MRAND (1000) < battle_get_flee2 (target))
+        if (skill_num == SkillID::ZERO && skill_lv >= 0 && tmd != NULL && div_ < 255
+            && random_::chance({battle_get_flee2(target), 1000}))
         {
             damage = damage2 = 0;
-            type = 0x0b;
-            dmg_lv = ATK_LUCKY;
+            type = DamageType::FLEE2;
+            dmg_lv = ATK::LUCKY;
         }
     }
 
     //Mob�Mode�頑強フラグ�立���る���処�
-    if (t_mode & 0x40)
+    if (bool(t_mode & MobMode::PLANT))
     {
         if (damage > 0)
             damage = 1;
@@ -4032,26 +1713,21 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
             damage2 = 1;
     }
 
-    //bNoWeaponDamage(設定アイテム無�？)�グランドクロス�ゃ��場��ダメージ�0
-    if (tsd && tsd->special_state.no_weapon_damage
-        && skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS)
-        damage = damage2 = 0;
-
-    if (skill_num != CR_GRANDCROSS && (damage > 0 || damage2 > 0))
+    if (damage > 0 || damage2 > 0)
     {
         if (damage2 < 1)        // ダメージ最終修正
             damage =
-                battle_calc_damage (src, target, damage, div_, skill_num,
+                battle_calc_damage(src, target, damage, div_, skill_num,
                                     skill_lv, flag);
         else if (damage < 1)    // �手�ミス？
             damage2 =
-                battle_calc_damage (src, target, damage2, div_, skill_num,
+                battle_calc_damage(src, target, damage2, div_, skill_num,
                                     skill_lv, flag);
         else
         {                       // 両 手/カタール�場���ょ��計算やや���
-            int  d1 = damage + damage2, d2 = damage2;
+            int d1 = damage + damage2, d2 = damage2;
             damage =
-                battle_calc_damage (src, target, damage + damage2, div_,
+                battle_calc_damage(src, target, damage + damage2, div_,
                                     skill_num, skill_lv, flag);
             damage2 = (d2 * 100 / d1) * damage / 100;
             if (damage > 1 && damage2 < 1)
@@ -4060,36 +1736,12 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
         }
     }
 
-    /*              For executioner card [Valaris]              */
-    if (src->type == BL_PC && sd->random_attack_increase_add > 0
-        && sd->random_attack_increase_per > 0 && skill_num == 0)
-    {
-        if (MRAND (100) < sd->random_attack_increase_per)
-        {
-            if (damage > 0)
-                damage *= sd->random_attack_increase_add / 100;
-            if (damage2 > 0)
-                damage2 *= sd->random_attack_increase_add / 100;
-        }
-    }
-    /*                  End addition                    */
-
-// -- moonsoul (final combination of phys, mag damage for ASC_BREAKER)
-    if (skill_num == ASC_BREAKER)
-    {
-        damage += damage3;
-        damage2 += damage3;
-    }
-
     wd.damage = damage;
     wd.damage2 = damage2;
     wd.type = type;
     wd.div_ = div_;
-    wd.amotion = battle_get_amotion (src);
-    if (skill_num == KN_AUTOCOUNTER)
-        wd.amotion >>= 1;
-    wd.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion (target);
-    wd.blewcount = blewcount;
+    wd.amotion = battle_get_amotion(src);
+    wd.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion(target);
     wd.flag = flag;
     wd.dmg_lv = dmg_lv;
 
@@ -4100,77 +1752,21 @@ static struct Damage battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
  * 武器ダメージ計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct Damage battle_calc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
+static
+struct Damage battle_calc_weapon_attack(struct block_list *src,
                                          struct block_list *target,
-                                         int skill_num, int skill_lv,
+                                         SkillID skill_num, int skill_lv,
                                          int wflag)
 {
-    struct Damage wd;
+    struct Damage wd {};
 
-    //return��処���る��情報出力部��変更
-    if (src == NULL || target == NULL)
-    {
-        nullpo_info (NLP_MARK);
-        memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-        return wd;
-    }
+    nullpo_retr(wd, src);
+    nullpo_retr(wd, target);
 
-    else if (src->type == BL_PC)
-        wd = battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack (src, target, skill_num, skill_lv, wflag);    // weapon breaking [Valaris]
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-        wd = battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack (src, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
-                                            wflag);
-    else
-        memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-
-    if (battle_config.equipment_breaking && src->type == BL_PC
-        && (wd.damage > 0 || wd.damage2 > 0))
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-        if (sd->status.weapon && sd->status.weapon != 11)
-        {
-            int  breakrate = 1;
-            if (target->type == BL_PC && sd->sc_data[SC_MELTDOWN].timer != -1)
-            {
-                breakrate += 100 * sd->sc_data[SC_MELTDOWN].val1;
-                if (MRAND (10000) <
-                    breakrate * battle_config.equipment_break_rate / 100
-                    || breakrate >= 10000)
-                    pc_breakweapon ((struct map_session_data *) target);
-            }
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].timer != -1)
-                breakrate += 20 * sd->sc_data[SC_OVERTHRUST].val1;
-            if (wd.type == 0x0a)
-                breakrate *= 2;
-            if (MRAND (10000) <
-                breakrate * battle_config.equipment_break_rate / 100
-                || breakrate >= 10000)
-            {
-                pc_breakweapon (sd);
-                memset (&wd, 0, sizeof (wd));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.equipment_breaking && target->type == BL_PC
-        && (wd.damage > 0 || wd.damage2 > 0))
-    {
-        int  breakrate = 1;
-        if (src->type == BL_PC
-            && ((struct map_session_data *) src)->
-            sc_data[SC_MELTDOWN].timer != -1)
-            breakrate +=
-                70 *
-                ((struct map_session_data *) src)->sc_data[SC_MELTDOWN].val1;
-        if (wd.type == 0x0a)
-            breakrate *= 2;
-        if (MRAND (10000) <
-            breakrate * battle_config.equipment_break_rate / 100
-            || breakrate >= 10000)
-        {
-            pc_breakarmor ((struct map_session_data *) target);
-        }
-    }
+    if (src->type == BL::PC)
+        wd = battle_calc_pc_weapon_attack(src, target, skill_num, skill_lv, wflag);    // weapon breaking [Valaris]
+    else if (src->type == BL::MOB)
+        wd = battle_calc_mob_weapon_attack(src, target, skill_num, skill_lv, wflag);
 
     return wd;
 }
@@ -4179,223 +1775,50 @@ struct Damage battle_calc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src,
  * 魔法ダメージ計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct Damage battle_calc_magic_attack (struct block_list *bl,
+static
+struct Damage battle_calc_magic_attack(struct block_list *bl,
                                         struct block_list *target,
-                                        int skill_num, int skill_lv, int flag)
+                                        SkillID skill_num, int skill_lv, int)
 {
-    int  mdef1 = battle_get_mdef (target);
-    int  mdef2 = battle_get_mdef2 (target);
-    int  matk1, matk2, damage = 0, div_ = 1, blewcount =
-        skill_get_blewcount (skill_num, skill_lv), rdamage = 0;
-    struct Damage md;
-    int  aflag;
-    int  normalmagic_flag = 1;
-    int  ele = 0, race = 7, t_ele = 0, t_race = 7, t_mode =
-        0, cardfix, t_class, i;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL, *tsd = NULL;
-    struct mob_data *tmd = NULL;
-
-    //return��処���る��情報出力部��変更
-    if (bl == NULL || target == NULL)
-    {
-        nullpo_info (NLP_MARK);
-        memset (&md, 0, sizeof (md));
-        return md;
-    }
+    int mdef1 = battle_get_mdef(target);
+    int mdef2 = battle_get_mdef2(target);
+    int matk1, matk2, damage = 0, div_ = 1;
+    struct Damage md {};
+    int normalmagic_flag = 1;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
-    matk1 = battle_get_matk1 (bl);
-    matk2 = battle_get_matk2 (bl);
-    ele = skill_get_pl (skill_num);
-    race = battle_get_race (bl);
-    t_ele = battle_get_elem_type (target);
-    t_race = battle_get_race (target);
-    t_mode = battle_get_mode (target);
+    nullpo_retr(md, bl);
+    nullpo_retr(md, target);
 
-#define MATK_FIX( a,b ) { matk1=matk1*(a)/(b); matk2=matk2*(a)/(b); }
+    matk1 = battle_get_matk1(bl);
+    matk2 = battle_get_matk2(bl);
+    MobMode t_mode = battle_get_mode(target);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
     {
-        sd->state.attack_type = BF_MAGIC;
+        sd->state.attack_type = BF::MAGIC;
         if (sd->matk_rate != 100)
-            MATK_FIX (sd->matk_rate, 100);
+        {
+            matk1 = matk1 * sd->matk_rate / 100;
+            matk2 = matk2 * sd->matk_rate / 100;
+        }
         sd->state.arrow_atk = 0;
     }
-    if (target->type == BL_PC)
-        tsd = (struct map_session_data *) target;
-    else if (target->type == BL_MOB)
-        tmd = (struct mob_data *) target;
-
-    aflag = BF_MAGIC | BF_LONG | BF_SKILL;
-
-    if (skill_num > 0)
-    {
-        switch (skill_num)
-        {                       // 基本ダメージ計算(スキル���処�)
-                // ヒールor�体
-            case AL_HEAL:
-            case PR_BENEDICTIO:
-                damage = skill_calc_heal (bl, skill_lv) / 2;
-                normalmagic_flag = 0;
-                break;
-            case PR_ASPERSIO:  /* アスペルシオ */
-                damage = 40;    //固定ダメージ
-                normalmagic_flag = 0;
-                break;
-            case PR_SANCTUARY: // サンク�ュアリ
-                damage = (skill_lv > 6) ? 388 : skill_lv * 50;
-                normalmagic_flag = 0;
-                blewcount |= 0x10000;
-                break;
-            case ALL_RESURRECTION:
-            case PR_TURNUNDEAD:    // 攻撃リザレクション�ターンアンデッド
-                if (target->type != BL_PC
-                    && battle_check_undead (t_race, t_ele))
-                {
-                    int  hp, mhp, thres;
-                    hp = battle_get_hp (target);
-                    mhp = battle_get_max_hp (target);
-                    thres = (skill_lv * 20) + battle_get_luk (bl) +
-                        battle_get_int (bl) + battle_get_lv (bl) +
-                        ((200 - hp * 200 / mhp));
-                    if (thres > 700)
-                        thres = 700;
-//              if(battle_config.battle_log)
-//                  printf("ターンアンデッド� 確率%d ‰(�分率)\n", thres);
-                    if (MRAND (1000) < thres && !(t_mode & 0x20))   // �功
-                        damage = hp;
-                    else        // 失敗
-                        damage =
-                            battle_get_lv (bl) + battle_get_int (bl) +
-                            skill_lv * 10;
-                }
-                normalmagic_flag = 0;
-                break;
 
-            case MG_NAPALMBEAT:    // ナパームビート（分散計算込�）
-                MATK_FIX (70 + skill_lv * 10, 100);
-                if (flag > 0)
-                {
-                    MATK_FIX (1, flag);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.error_log)
-                        printf
-                            ("battle_calc_magic_attack(): napam enemy count=0 !\n");
-                }
-                break;
-            case MG_FIREBALL:  // ファイヤーボール
-            {
-                const int drate[] = { 100, 90, 70 };
-                if (flag > 2)
-                    matk1 = matk2 = 0;
-                else
-                    MATK_FIX ((95 + skill_lv * 5) * drate[flag], 10000);
-            }
-                break;
-            case MG_FIREWALL:  // ファイヤーウォール
-/*
-			if( (t_ele!=3 && !battle_check_undead(t_race,t_ele)) || target->type==BL_PC ) //PC��属性�も飛�？�も�もダメージ��る？
-				blewcount |= 0x10000;
-			else
-				blewcount = 0;
-*/
-                if ((t_ele == 3 || battle_check_undead (t_race, t_ele))
-                    && target->type != BL_PC)
-                    blewcount = 0;
-                else
-                    blewcount |= 0x10000;
-                MATK_FIX (1, 2);
-                break;
-            case MG_THUNDERSTORM:  // サンダーストーム
-                MATK_FIX (80, 100);
-                break;
-            case MG_FROSTDIVER:    // フロストダイ�
-                MATK_FIX (100 + skill_lv * 10, 100);
-                break;
-            case WZ_FROSTNOVA: // フロストダイ�
-                MATK_FIX (((100 + skill_lv * 10) * (2 / 3)), 100);
-                break;
-            case WZ_FIREPILLAR:    // ファイヤーピラー
-                if (mdef1 < 1000000)
-                    mdef1 = mdef2 = 0;  // MDEF無視
-                MATK_FIX (1, 5);
-                matk1 += 50;
-                matk2 += 50;
-                break;
-            case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-                MATK_FIX (100 + skill_lv * 20, 100);
-                break;
-            case WZ_METEOR:
-            case WZ_JUPITEL:   // ユピテルサンダー
-                break;
-            case WZ_VERMILION: // ロードオブ�ーミリオン
-                MATK_FIX (skill_lv * 20 + 80, 100);
-                break;
-            case WZ_WATERBALL: // ウォーターボール
-                matk1 += skill_lv * 30;
-                matk2 += skill_lv * 30;
-                break;
-            case WZ_STORMGUST: // ストームガスト
-                MATK_FIX (skill_lv * 40 + 100, 100);
-                blewcount |= 0x10000;
-                break;
-            case AL_HOLYLIGHT: // ホーリーライト
-                MATK_FIX (125, 100);
-                break;
-            case AL_RUWACH:
-                MATK_FIX (145, 100);
-                break;
-            case HW_NAPALMVULCAN:  // ナパームビート（分散計算込�）
-                MATK_FIX (70 + skill_lv * 10, 100);
-                if (flag > 0)
-                {
-                    MATK_FIX (1, flag);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.error_log)
-                        printf
-                            ("battle_calc_magic_attack(): napalmvulcan enemy count=0 !\n");
-                }
-                break;
-        }
-    }
+    BF aflag = BF::MAGIC | BF::LONG | BF::SKILL;
 
     if (normalmagic_flag)
-    {                           // 一般魔法ダメージ計算
-        int  imdef_flag = 0;
+    {
+        // 一般魔法ダメージ計算
         if (matk1 > matk2)
-            damage = matk2 + MRAND ((matk1 - matk2 + 1));
+            damage = random_::in(matk2, matk1);
         else
             damage = matk2;
-        if (sd)
-        {
-            if (sd->ignore_mdef_ele & (1 << t_ele)
-                || sd->ignore_mdef_race & (1 << t_race))
-                imdef_flag = 1;
-            if (t_mode & 0x20)
-            {
-                if (sd->ignore_mdef_race & (1 << 10))
-                    imdef_flag = 1;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (sd->ignore_mdef_race & (1 << 11))
-                    imdef_flag = 1;
-            }
-        }
-        if (!imdef_flag)
+
         {
-            if (battle_config.magic_defense_type)
-            {
-                damage =
-                    damage - (mdef1 * battle_config.magic_defense_type) -
-                    mdef2;
-            }
-            else
             {
-                damage = (damage * (100 - mdef1)) / 100 - mdef2;
+                damage = (damage * (100 - mdef1)) / 100;
+                damage -= mdef2;
             }
         }
 
@@ -4403,108 +1826,26 @@ struct Damage battle_calc_magic_attack (struct block_list *bl,
             damage = 1;
     }
 
-    if (sd)
-    {
-        cardfix = 100;
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->magic_addrace[t_race]) / 100;
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->magic_addele[t_ele]) / 100;
-        if (t_mode & 0x20)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->magic_addrace[10]) / 100;
-        else
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 + sd->magic_addrace[11]) / 100;
-        t_class = battle_get_class (target);
-        for (i = 0; i < sd->add_magic_damage_class_count; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->add_magic_damage_classid[i] == t_class)
-            {
-                cardfix =
-                    cardfix * (100 + sd->add_magic_damage_classrate[i]) / 100;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        damage = damage * cardfix / 100;
-    }
-
-    if (tsd)
-    {
-        int  s_class = battle_get_class (bl);
-        cardfix = 100;
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subele[ele]) / 100; // 属 性�よるダメージ�性
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[race]) / 100;   // 種��よるダメージ�性
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->magic_subrace[race]) / 100;
-        if (battle_get_mode (bl) & 0x20)
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->magic_subrace[10]) / 100;
-        else
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->magic_subrace[11]) / 100;
-        for (i = 0; i < tsd->add_mdef_class_count; i++)
-        {
-            if (tsd->add_mdef_classid[i] == s_class)
-            {
-                cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->add_mdef_classrate[i]) / 100;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->magic_def_rate) / 100;
-        damage = damage * cardfix / 100;
-    }
     if (damage < 0)
         damage = 0;
 
-    damage = battle_attr_fix (damage, ele, battle_get_element (target));    // 属 性修正
-
-    if (skill_num == CR_GRANDCROSS)
-    {                           // グランドクロス
-        struct Damage wd;
-        wd = battle_calc_weapon_attack (bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
-                                        flag);
-        damage = (damage + wd.damage) * (100 + 40 * skill_lv) / 100;
-        if (battle_config.gx_dupele)
-            damage = battle_attr_fix (damage, ele, battle_get_element (target));    //属性2回��る
-        if (bl == target)
-            damage = damage / 2;    //�動��分
-    }
-
-    div_ = skill_get_num (skill_num, skill_lv);
+    div_ = skill_get_num(skill_num, skill_lv);
 
-    if (div_ > 1 && skill_num != WZ_VERMILION)
+    if (div_ > 1)
         damage *= div_;
 
 //  if(mdef1 >= 1000000 && damage > 0)
-    if (t_mode & 0x40 && damage > 0)
+    if (bool(t_mode & MobMode::PLANT) && damage > 0)
         damage = 1;
 
-    if (tsd && tsd->special_state.no_magic_damage)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.gtb_pvp_only != 0)
-        {                       // [MouseJstr]
-            if ((map[target->m].flag.pvp || map[target->m].flag.gvg)
-                && target->type == BL_PC)
-                damage = (damage * (100 - battle_config.gtb_pvp_only)) / 100;
-        }
-        else
-            damage = 0;         // 黄 金蟲カード（魔法ダメージ�）
-    }
-
-    damage = battle_calc_damage (bl, target, damage, div_, skill_num, skill_lv, aflag); // 最終修正
-
-    /* magic_damage_return by [AppleGirl] and [Valaris]     */
-    if (target->type == BL_PC && tsd && tsd->magic_damage_return > 0)
-    {
-        rdamage += damage * tsd->magic_damage_return / 100;
-        if (rdamage < 1)
-            rdamage = 1;
-        clif_damage (target, bl, gettick (), 0, 0, rdamage, 0, 0, 0);
-        battle_damage (target, bl, rdamage, 0);
-    }
-    /*          end magic_damage_return         */
+    damage = battle_calc_damage(bl, target, damage, div_, skill_num, skill_lv, aflag); // 最終修正
 
     md.damage = damage;
     md.div_ = div_;
-    md.amotion = battle_get_amotion (bl);
-    md.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion (target);
+    md.amotion = battle_get_amotion(bl);
+    md.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion(target);
     md.damage2 = 0;
-    md.type = 0;
-    md.blewcount = blewcount;
+    md.type = DamageType::NORMAL;
     md.flag = aflag;
 
     return md;
@@ -4514,153 +1855,61 @@ struct Damage battle_calc_magic_attack (struct block_list *bl,
  * ��他ダメージ計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct Damage battle_calc_misc_attack (struct block_list *bl,
+static
+struct Damage battle_calc_misc_attack(struct block_list *bl,
                                        struct block_list *target,
-                                       int skill_num, int skill_lv, int flag)
+                                       SkillID skill_num, int skill_lv, int)
 {
-    int  int_ = battle_get_int (bl);
-//  int luk=battle_get_luk(bl);
-    int  dex = battle_get_dex (bl);
-    int  skill, ele, race, cardfix;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL, *tsd = NULL;
-    int  damage = 0, div_ = 1, blewcount =
-        skill_get_blewcount (skill_num, skill_lv);
-    struct Damage md;
-    int  damagefix = 1;
-
-    int  aflag = BF_MISC | BF_LONG | BF_SKILL;
-
-    //return��処���る��情報出力部��変更
-    if (bl == NULL || target == NULL)
-    {
-        nullpo_info (NLP_MARK);
-        memset (&md, 0, sizeof (md));
-        return md;
-    }
+    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
+    int damage = 0, div_ = 1;
+    struct Damage md {};
+    int damagefix = 1;
+
+    BF aflag = BF::MISC | BF::LONG | BF::SKILL;
+
+    nullpo_retr(md, bl);
+    nullpo_retr(md, target);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
     {
-        sd->state.attack_type = BF_MISC;
+        sd->state.attack_type = BF::MISC;
         sd->state.arrow_atk = 0;
     }
 
-    if (target->type == BL_PC)
-        tsd = (struct map_session_data *) target;
-
     switch (skill_num)
     {
-
-        case HT_LANDMINE:      // ランドマイン
-            damage = skill_lv * (dex + 75) * (100 + int_) / 100;
-            break;
-
-        case HT_BLASTMINE:     // ブラストマイン
-            damage = skill_lv * (dex / 2 + 50) * (100 + int_) / 100;
-            break;
-
-        case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:  // クレイモアートラップ
-            damage = skill_lv * (dex / 2 + 75) * (100 + int_) / 100;
-            break;
-
-        case HT_BLITZBEAT:     // ブリッツビート
-            if (sd == NULL || (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HT_STEELCROW)) <= 0)
-                skill = 0;
-            damage = (dex / 10 + int_ / 2 + skill * 3 + 40) * 2;
-            if (flag > 1)
-                damage /= flag;
-            break;
-
-        case TF_THROWSTONE:    // 石投�
-            damage = 30;
-            damagefix = 0;
-            break;
-
-        case BA_DISSONANCE:    // ��和音
-            damage =
-                (skill_lv) * 20 + pc_checkskill (sd, BA_MUSICALLESSON) * 3;
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:  // 自爆
-            damage = battle_get_hp (bl) - (bl == target ? 1 : 0);
-            damagefix = 0;
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_SMOKING:      // タ�コを��
-            damage = 3;
+        case SkillID::NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:  // 自爆
+            damage = battle_get_hp(bl) - (bl == target ? 1 : 0);
             damagefix = 0;
             break;
-
-        case NPC_DARKBREATH:
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (target);
-            int  hitrate =
-                battle_get_hit (bl) - battle_get_flee (target) + 80;
-            hitrate = ((hitrate > 95) ? 95 : ((hitrate < 5) ? 5 : hitrate));
-            if (sc_data
-                && (sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1
-                    || sc_data[SC_STAN].timer != -1
-                    || sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1
-                    || (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                        && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)))
-                hitrate = 1000000;
-            if (MRAND (100) < hitrate)
-            {
-                damage = 500 + (skill_lv - 1) * 1000 + MRAND (1000);
-                if (damage > 9999)
-                    damage = 9999;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case SN_FALCONASSAULT: /* ファルコンアサルト */
-            skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HT_BLITZBEAT);
-            damage =
-                (100 + 50 * skill_lv +
-                 (dex / 10 + int_ / 2 + skill * 3 + 40) * 2);
-            break;
     }
 
-    ele = skill_get_pl (skill_num);
-    race = battle_get_race (bl);
-
     if (damagefix)
     {
-        if (damage < 1 && skill_num != NPC_DARKBREATH)
+        if (damage < 1)
             damage = 1;
-
-        if (tsd)
-        {
-            cardfix = 100;
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subele[ele]) / 100; // 属性�よるダメージ�性
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->subrace[race]) / 100;   // 種��よるダメージ�性
-            cardfix = cardfix * (100 - tsd->misc_def_rate) / 100;
-            damage = damage * cardfix / 100;
-        }
-        if (damage < 0)
-            damage = 0;
-        damage = battle_attr_fix (damage, ele, battle_get_element (target));    // 属性修正
     }
 
-    div_ = skill_get_num (skill_num, skill_lv);
+    div_ = skill_get_num(skill_num, skill_lv);
     if (div_ > 1)
         damage *= div_;
 
     if (damage > 0
         && (damage < div_
-            || (battle_get_def (target) >= 1000000
-                && battle_get_mdef (target) >= 1000000)))
+            || (battle_get_def(target) >= 1000000
+                && battle_get_mdef(target) >= 1000000)))
     {
         damage = div_;
     }
 
-    damage = battle_calc_damage (bl, target, damage, div_, skill_num, skill_lv, aflag); // 最終修正
+    damage = battle_calc_damage(bl, target, damage, div_, skill_num, skill_lv, aflag); // 最終修正
 
     md.damage = damage;
     md.div_ = div_;
-    md.amotion = battle_get_amotion (bl);
-    md.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion (target);
+    md.amotion = battle_get_amotion(bl);
+    md.dmotion = battle_get_dmotion(target);
     md.damage2 = 0;
-    md.type = 0;
-    md.blewcount = blewcount;
+    md.type = DamageType::NORMAL;
     md.flag = aflag;
     return md;
 
@@ -4670,28 +1919,28 @@ struct Damage battle_calc_misc_attack (struct block_list *bl,
  * ダメージ計算一括処�用
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct Damage battle_calc_attack (int attack_type,
+struct Damage battle_calc_attack(BF attack_type,
                                   struct block_list *bl,
-                                  struct block_list *target, int skill_num,
+                                  struct block_list *target, SkillID skill_num,
                                   int skill_lv, int flag)
 {
     struct Damage d;
-    memset (&d, 0, sizeof (d));
+    memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
 
     switch (attack_type)
     {
-        case BF_WEAPON:
-            return battle_calc_weapon_attack (bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
+        case BF::WEAPON:
+            return battle_calc_weapon_attack(bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
                                               flag);
-        case BF_MAGIC:
-            return battle_calc_magic_attack (bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
+        case BF::MAGIC:
+            return battle_calc_magic_attack(bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
                                              flag);
-        case BF_MISC:
-            return battle_calc_misc_attack (bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
+        case BF::MISC:
+            return battle_calc_misc_attack(bl, target, skill_num, skill_lv,
                                             flag);
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("battle_calc_attack: unknwon attack type ! %d\n",
+                PRINTF("battle_calc_attack: unknwon attack type ! %d\n",
                         attack_type);
             break;
     }
@@ -4702,550 +1951,220 @@ struct Damage battle_calc_attack (int attack_type,
  * 通常攻撃処����
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_weapon_attack (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
-                          unsigned int tick, int flag)
+ATK battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
+        tick_t tick)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src), *t_sc_data =
-        battle_get_sc_data (target);
-    short *opt1;
-    int  race = 7, ele = 0;
-    int  damage, rdamage = 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> t_sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(target);
     struct Damage wd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, target);
+    nullpo_retr(ATK::ZERO, src);
+    nullpo_retr(ATK::ZERO, target);
 
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
+    if (src->type == BL::PC)
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
 
     if (src->prev == NULL || target->prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if (src->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead (sd))
-        return 0;
-    if (target->type == BL_PC
-        && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) target))
-        return 0;
+        return ATK::ZERO;
+    if (src->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead(sd))
+        return ATK::ZERO;
+    if (target->type == BL::PC
+        && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) target))
+        return ATK::ZERO;
 
-    opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (src);
-    if (opt1 && *opt1 > 0)
+    Opt1 *opt1 = battle_get_opt1(src);
+    if (opt1 != NULL && bool(*opt1))
     {
-        battle_stopattack (src);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-    {
-        battle_stopattack (src);
-        return 0;
+        battle_stopattack(src);
+        return ATK::ZERO;
     }
 
-    race = battle_get_race (target);
-    ele = battle_get_elem_type (target);
-    if (battle_check_target (src, target, BCT_ENEMY) > 0 &&
-        battle_check_range (src, target, 0))
+    if (battle_check_target(src, target, BCT_ENEMY) > 0 &&
+        battle_check_range(src, target, 0))
     {
         // 攻撃対象��り�る��攻撃
-        if (sd && sd->status.weapon == 11)
+        if (sd && sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::BOW)
         {
-            if (sd->equip_index[10] >= 0)
+            if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::ARROW] >= 0)
             {
                 if (battle_config.arrow_decrement)
-                    pc_delitem (sd, sd->equip_index[10], 1, 0);
+                    pc_delitem(sd, sd->equip_index[EQUIP::ARROW], 1, 0);
             }
             else
             {
-                clif_arrow_fail (sd, 0);
-                return 0;
+                clif_arrow_fail(sd, 0);
+                return ATK::ZERO;
             }
         }
-        if (flag & 0x8000)
-        {
-            if (sd && battle_config.pc_attack_direction_change)
-                sd->dir = sd->head_dir =
-                    map_calc_dir (src, target->x, target->y);
-            else if (src->type == BL_MOB
-                     && battle_config.monster_attack_direction_change)
-                ((struct mob_data *) src)->dir =
-                    map_calc_dir (src, target->x, target->y);
-            wd = battle_calc_weapon_attack (src, target, KN_AUTOCOUNTER,
-                                            flag & 0xff, 0);
-        }
-        else
-            wd = battle_calc_weapon_attack (src, target, 0, 0, 0);
+        wd = battle_calc_weapon_attack(src, target, SkillID::ZERO, 0, 0);
 
         // significantly increase injuries for hasted characters
-        if (wd.damage > 0 && (t_sc_data[SC_HASTE].timer != -1))
+        if (wd.damage > 0 && t_sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].timer)
         {
-            wd.damage = (wd.damage * (16 + t_sc_data[SC_HASTE].val1)) >> 4;
+            wd.damage = (wd.damage * (16 + t_sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].val1)) >> 4;
         }
 
         if (wd.damage > 0
-            && t_sc_data[SC_PHYS_SHIELD].timer != -1 && target->type == BL_PC)
+            && t_sc_data[StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD].timer
+            && target->type == BL::PC)
         {
-            int  reduction = t_sc_data[SC_PHYS_SHIELD].val1;
+            int reduction = t_sc_data[StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD].val1;
             if (reduction > wd.damage)
                 reduction = wd.damage;
 
             wd.damage -= reduction;
-            MAP_LOG_PC (((struct map_session_data *) target),
+            MAP_LOG_PC(((struct map_session_data *) target),
                         "MAGIC-ABSORB-DMG %d", reduction);
         }
 
-        if ((damage = wd.damage + wd.damage2) > 0 && src != target)
-        {
-            if (wd.flag & BF_SHORT)
-            {
-                if (target->type == BL_PC)
-                {
-                    struct map_session_data *tsd =
-                        (struct map_session_data *) target;
-                    if (tsd && tsd->short_weapon_damage_return > 0)
-                    {
-                        rdamage +=
-                            damage * tsd->short_weapon_damage_return / 100;
-                        if (rdamage < 1)
-                            rdamage = 1;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_REFLECTSHIELD].timer != -1)
-                {
-                    rdamage +=
-                        damage * t_sc_data[SC_REFLECTSHIELD].val2 / 100;
-                    if (rdamage < 1)
-                        rdamage = 1;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (wd.flag & BF_LONG)
-            {
-                if (target->type == BL_PC)
-                {
-                    struct map_session_data *tsd =
-                        (struct map_session_data *) target;
-                    if (tsd && tsd->long_weapon_damage_return > 0)
-                    {
-                        rdamage +=
-                            damage * tsd->long_weapon_damage_return / 100;
-                        if (rdamage < 1)
-                            rdamage = 1;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (rdamage > 0)
-                clif_damage (src, src, tick, wd.amotion, 0, rdamage, 1, 4, 0);
-        }
-
-        if (wd.div_ == 255 && sd)
-        {                       //三段掌
-            int  delay =
-                1000 - 4 * battle_get_agi (src) - 2 * battle_get_dex (src);
-            int  skilllv;
-            if (wd.damage + wd.damage2 < battle_get_hp (target))
-            {
-                if ((skilllv = pc_checkskill (sd, MO_CHAINCOMBO)) > 0)
-                    delay += 300 * battle_config.combo_delay_rate / 100;    //追加ディレイをconf�より調整
-
-                skill_status_change_start (src, SC_COMBO, MO_TRIPLEATTACK,
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, delay, 0);
-            }
-            sd->attackabletime = sd->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
-            clif_combo_delay (src, delay);
-            clif_skill_damage (src, target, tick, wd.amotion, wd.dmotion,
-                               wd.damage, 3, MO_TRIPLEATTACK,
-                               pc_checkskill (sd, MO_TRIPLEATTACK), -1);
-        }
-        else
         {
-            clif_damage (src, target, tick, wd.amotion, wd.dmotion,
+            clif_damage(src, target, tick, wd.amotion, wd.dmotion,
                          wd.damage, wd.div_, wd.type, wd.damage2);
-            //二刀�左手�カタール追撃�ミス表示(無�やり〜)
-            if (sd && sd->status.weapon >= 16 && wd.damage2 == 0)
-                clif_damage (src, target, tick + 10, wd.amotion, wd.dmotion,
-                             0, 1, 0, 0);
+            if (sd
+                    && (sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::_16
+                        || sd->status.weapon >= ItemLook::SINGLE_HANDED_COUNT)
+                    && wd.damage2 == 0)
+                clif_damage(src, target, tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(10),
+                        wd.amotion, wd.dmotion, 0, 1, DamageType::NORMAL, 0);
         }
-        if (sd && sd->splash_range > 0 && (wd.damage > 0 || wd.damage2 > 0))
-            skill_castend_damage_id (src, target, 0, -1, tick, 0);
-        map_freeblock_lock ();
 
-        if (src->type == BL_PC)
+        map_freeblock_lock();
+
+        if (src->type == BL::PC)
         {
-            int  weapon_index = sd->equip_index[9];
-            int  weapon = 0;
+            int weapon_index = sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON];
+            int weapon = 0;
             if (sd->inventory_data[weapon_index]
-                && sd->status.inventory[weapon_index].equip & 0x2)
+                && bool(sd->status.inventory[weapon_index].equip & EPOS::WEAPON))
                 weapon = sd->inventory_data[weapon_index]->nameid;
 
-            MAP_LOG ("PC%d %d:%d,%d WPNDMG %s%d %d FOR %d WPN %d",
+            MAP_LOG("PC%d %d:%d,%d WPNDMG %s%d %d FOR %d WPN %d",
                      sd->status.char_id, src->m, src->x, src->y,
-                     (target->type == BL_PC) ? "PC" : "MOB",
+                     (target->type == BL::PC) ? "PC" : "MOB",
                      (target->type ==
-                      BL_PC) ? ((struct map_session_data *) target)->
+                      BL::PC) ? ((struct map_session_data *) target)->
                      status.char_id : target->id,
-                     (target->type ==
-                      BL_PC) ? 0 : ((struct mob_data *) target)->mob_class,
+                     battle_get_class(target),
                      wd.damage + wd.damage2, weapon);
         }
 
-        if (target->type == BL_PC)
+        if (target->type == BL::PC)
         {
             struct map_session_data *sd2 = (struct map_session_data *) target;
-            MAP_LOG ("PC%d %d:%d,%d WPNINJURY %s%d %d FOR %d",
+            MAP_LOG("PC%d %d:%d,%d WPNINJURY %s%d %d FOR %d",
                      sd2->status.char_id, target->m, target->x, target->y,
-                     (src->type == BL_PC) ? "PC" : "MOB",
-                     (src->type ==
-                      BL_PC) ? ((struct map_session_data *) src)->
-                     status.char_id : src->id,
-                     (src->type ==
-                      BL_PC) ? 0 : ((struct mob_data *) src)->mob_class,
+                     (src->type == BL::PC) ? "PC" : "MOB",
+                     (src->type == BL::PC)
+                     ? ((struct map_session_data *) src)->status.char_id
+                     : src->id,
+                     battle_get_class(src),
                      wd.damage + wd.damage2);
         }
 
-        battle_damage (src, target, (wd.damage + wd.damage2), 0);
+        battle_damage(src, target, (wd.damage + wd.damage2), 0);
         if (target->prev != NULL &&
-            (target->type != BL_PC
-             || (target->type == BL_PC
-                 && !pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) target))))
+            (target->type != BL::PC
+             || (target->type == BL::PC
+                 && !pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) target))))
         {
             if (wd.damage > 0 || wd.damage2 > 0)
             {
-                skill_additional_effect (src, target, 0, 0, BF_WEAPON, tick);
-                if (sd)
-                {
-                    if (sd->weapon_coma_ele[ele] > 0
-                        && MRAND (10000) < sd->weapon_coma_ele[ele])
-                        battle_damage (src, target,
-                                       battle_get_max_hp (target), 1);
-                    if (sd->weapon_coma_race[race] > 0
-                        && MRAND (10000) < sd->weapon_coma_race[race])
-                        battle_damage (src, target,
-                                       battle_get_max_hp (target), 1);
-                    if (battle_get_mode (target) & 0x20)
-                    {
-                        if (sd->weapon_coma_race[10] > 0
-                            && MRAND (10000) < sd->weapon_coma_race[10])
-                            battle_damage (src, target,
-                                           battle_get_max_hp (target), 1);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        if (sd->weapon_coma_race[11] > 0
-                            && MRAND (10000) < sd->weapon_coma_race[11])
-                            battle_damage (src, target,
-                                           battle_get_max_hp (target), 1);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].timer != -1
-            && MRAND (100) < sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val4)
-        {
-            int  skilllv = sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val3, i, f = 0;
-            i = MRAND (100);
-            if (i >= 50)
-                skilllv -= 2;
-            else if (i >= 15)
-                skilllv--;
-            if (skilllv < 1)
-                skilllv = 1;
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  sp = skill_get_sp (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                        skilllv) * 2 / 3;
-                if (sd->status.sp >= sp)
-                {
-                    if ((i = skill_get_inf (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2) == 2)
-                        || i == 32)
-                        f = skill_castend_pos2 (src, target->x, target->y,
-                                                sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                skilllv, tick, flag);
-                    else
-                    {
-                        switch (skill_get_nk (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2))
-                        {
-                            case 0:
-                            case 2:
-                                f = skill_castend_damage_id (src, target,
-                                                             sc_data
-                                                             [SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                             skilllv, tick,
-                                                             flag);
-                                break;
-                            case 1:    /* 支�系 */
-                                if ((sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2 == AL_HEAL
-                                     || (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2 ==
-                                         ALL_RESURRECTION
-                                         && target->type != BL_PC))
-                                    && battle_check_undead (race, ele))
-                                    f = skill_castend_damage_id (src, target,
-                                                                 sc_data
-                                                                 [SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                                 skilllv,
-                                                                 tick, flag);
-                                else
-                                    f = skill_castend_nodamage_id (src,
-                                                                   target,
-                                                                   sc_data
-                                                                   [SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                                   skilllv,
-                                                                   tick,
-                                                                   flag);
-                                break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (!f)
-                        pc_heal (sd, 0, -sp);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if ((i = skill_get_inf (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2) == 2)
-                    || i == 32)
-                    skill_castend_pos2 (src, target->x, target->y,
-                                        sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2, skilllv,
-                                        tick, flag);
-                else
-                {
-                    switch (skill_get_nk (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2))
-                    {
-                        case 0:
-                        case 2:
-                            skill_castend_damage_id (src, target,
-                                                     sc_data
-                                                     [SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                     skilllv, tick, flag);
-                            break;
-                        case 1:    /* 支�系 */
-                            if ((sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2 == AL_HEAL
-                                 || (sc_data[SC_AUTOSPELL].val2 ==
-                                     ALL_RESURRECTION
-                                     && target->type != BL_PC))
-                                && battle_check_undead (race, ele))
-                                skill_castend_damage_id (src, target,
-                                                         sc_data
-                                                         [SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                         skilllv, tick, flag);
-                            else
-                                skill_castend_nodamage_id (src, target,
-                                                           sc_data
-                                                           [SC_AUTOSPELL].val2,
-                                                           skilllv, tick,
-                                                           flag);
-                            break;
-                    }
-                }
+                skill_additional_effect(src, target, SkillID::ZERO, 0);
             }
         }
         if (sd)
         {
-            if (sd->autospell_id > 0 && sd->autospell_lv > 0
-                && MRAND (100) < sd->autospell_rate)
-            {
-                int  skilllv = sd->autospell_lv, i, f = 0, sp;
-                i = MRAND (100);
-                if (i >= 50)
-                    skilllv -= 2;
-                else if (i >= 15)
-                    skilllv--;
-                if (skilllv < 1)
-                    skilllv = 1;
-                sp = skill_get_sp (sd->autospell_id, skilllv) * 2 / 3;
-                if (sd->status.sp >= sp)
-                {
-                    if ((i = skill_get_inf (sd->autospell_id) == 2)
-                        || i == 32)
-                        f = skill_castend_pos2 (src, target->x, target->y,
-                                                sd->autospell_id, skilllv,
-                                                tick, flag);
-                    else
-                    {
-                        switch (skill_get_nk (sd->autospell_id))
-                        {
-                            case 0:
-                            case 2:
-                                f = skill_castend_damage_id (src, target,
-                                                             sd->autospell_id,
-                                                             skilllv, tick,
-                                                             flag);
-                                break;
-                            case 1:    /* 支�系 */
-                                if ((sd->autospell_id == AL_HEAL
-                                     || (sd->autospell_id == ALL_RESURRECTION
-                                         && target->type != BL_PC))
-                                    && battle_check_undead (race, ele))
-                                    f = skill_castend_damage_id (src, target,
-                                                                 sd->autospell_id,
-                                                                 skilllv,
-                                                                 tick, flag);
-                                else
-                                    f = skill_castend_nodamage_id (src,
-                                                                   target,
-                                                                   sd->autospell_id,
-                                                                   skilllv,
-                                                                   tick,
-                                                                   flag);
-                                break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (!f)
-                        pc_heal (sd, 0, -sp);
-                }
-            }
-            if (wd.flag & BF_WEAPON && src != target
+            if (bool(wd.flag & BF::WEAPON)
+                && src != target
                 && (wd.damage > 0 || wd.damage2 > 0))
             {
-                int  hp = 0, sp = 0;
+                int hp = 0, sp = 0;
                 if (sd->hp_drain_rate && wd.damage > 0
-                    && MRAND (100) < sd->hp_drain_rate)
+                    && random_::chance({sd->hp_drain_rate, 100}))
                 {
                     hp += (wd.damage * sd->hp_drain_per) / 100;
                 }
                 if (sd->hp_drain_rate_ && wd.damage2 > 0
-                    && MRAND (100) < sd->hp_drain_rate_)
+                    && random_::chance({sd->hp_drain_rate_, 100}))
                 {
                     hp += (wd.damage2 * sd->hp_drain_per_) / 100;
                 }
                 if (sd->sp_drain_rate && wd.damage > 0
-                    && MRAND (100) < sd->sp_drain_rate)
+                    && random_::chance({sd->sp_drain_rate, 100}))
                 {
                     sp += (wd.damage * sd->sp_drain_per) / 100;
                 }
                 if (sd->sp_drain_rate_ && wd.damage2 > 0
-                    && MRAND (100) < sd->sp_drain_rate_)
+                    && random_::chance({sd->sp_drain_rate_, 100}))
                 {
                     sp += (wd.damage2 * sd->sp_drain_per_) / 100;
                 }
                 if (hp || sp)
-                    pc_heal (sd, hp, sp);
+                    pc_heal(sd, hp, sp);
             }
         }
 
-        if (rdamage > 0)
-            battle_damage (target, src, rdamage, 0);
-        if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1
-            && t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val4 > 0)
-        {
-            if (t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val3 == src->id)
-                battle_weapon_attack (target, src, tick,
-                                      0x8000 |
-                                      t_sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val1);
-            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_AUTOCOUNTER, -1);
-        }
-        if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT].timer != -1)
-        {
-            int  lv = t_sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT].val1;
-            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT, -1);
-            skill_status_change_start (src, SC_BLADESTOP, lv, 1, (int) src,
-                                       (int) target,
-                                       skill_get_time2 (MO_BLADESTOP, lv), 0);
-            skill_status_change_start (target, SC_BLADESTOP, lv, 2,
-                                       (int) target, (int) src,
-                                       skill_get_time2 (MO_BLADESTOP, lv), 0);
-        }
-        if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_SPLASHER].timer != -1)    //殴����対象�ベナムスプラッシャー状態を解除
-            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_SPLASHER, -1);
-
-        map_freeblock_unlock ();
+        map_freeblock_unlock();
     }
     return wd.dmg_lv;
 }
 
-int battle_check_undead (int race, int element)
+bool battle_check_undead(Race race, Element element)
 {
     if (battle_config.undead_detect_type == 0)
     {
-        if (element == 9)
-            return 1;
+        return element == Element::undead;
     }
     else if (battle_config.undead_detect_type == 1)
     {
-        if (race == 1)
-            return 1;
+        return race == Race::undead;
     }
     else
     {
-        if (element == 9 || race == 1)
-            return 1;
+        return element == Element::undead || race == Race::undead;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 敵味方判定(1=肯定,0=�定,-1=エラー)
  * flag&0xf0000 = 0x00000:敵�ゃ���判定（ret:1�敵����）
- *				= 0x10000:パーティー判定（ret:1=パーティーメン�)
- *				= 0x20000:全�(ret:1=敵味方両方)
- *				= 0x40000:敵�判定(ret:1=敵)
- *				= 0x50000:パーティー�ゃ���判定(ret:1=パーティ���)
+ *                              = 0x10000:パーティー判定（ret:1=パーティーメン�)
+ *                              = 0x20000:全�(ret:1=敵味方両方)
+ *                              = 0x40000:敵�判定(ret:1=敵)
+ *                              = 0x50000:パーティー�ゃ���判定(ret:1=パーティ���)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
-                         int flag)
+int battle_check_target(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
+        BCT flag)
 {
-    int  s_p, s_g, t_p, t_g;
+    int s_p, t_p;
     struct block_list *ss = src;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, target);
+    nullpo_ret(src);
+    nullpo_ret(target);
 
-    if (flag & 0x40000)
+    if (flag & BCT_ENEMY)
     {                           // �転フラグ
-        int  ret = battle_check_target (src, target, flag & 0x30000);
+        int ret = battle_check_target(src, target, flag & (BCT_PARTY | BCT_ALL));
         if (ret != -1)
             return !ret;
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (flag & 0x20000)
+    if (flag & BCT_ALL)
     {
-        if (target->type == BL_MOB || target->type == BL_PC)
+        if (target->type == BL::MOB || target->type == BL::PC)
             return 1;
         else
             return -1;
     }
 
-    if (src->type == BL_SKILL && target->type == BL_SKILL)  // 対象�スキルユニット�ら無�件肯定
-        return -1;
-
-    if (target->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) target)->invincible_timer != -1)
+    if (target->type == BL::PC
+        && ((struct map_session_data *) target)->invincible_timer)
         return -1;
 
-    if (target->type == BL_SKILL)
-    {
-        switch (((struct skill_unit *) target)->group->unit_id)
-        {
-            case 0x8d:
-            case 0x8f:
-            case 0x98:
-                return 0;
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // スキルユニット�場��親を求�る
-    if (src->type == BL_SKILL)
-    {
-        int  inf2 =
-            skill_get_inf2 (((struct skill_unit *) src)->group->skill_id);
-        if ((ss =
-             map_id2bl (((struct skill_unit *) src)->group->src_id)) == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        if (ss->prev == NULL)
-            return -1;
-        if (inf2 & 0x80 && (map[src->m].flag.pvp || pc_iskiller ((struct map_session_data *) src, (struct map_session_data *) target)) &&   // [MouseJstr]
-            !(target->type == BL_PC
-              && pc_isinvisible ((struct map_session_data *) target)))
-            return 0;
-        if (ss == target)
-        {
-            if (inf2 & 0x100)
-                return 0;
-            if (inf2 & 0x200)
-                return -1;
-        }
-    }
     // Mob�master_id����special_mob_ai�ら��喚主を求�る
-    if (src->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (src->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) src;
         if (md && md->master_id > 0)
@@ -5254,7 +2173,7 @@ int battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
                 return 1;
             if (md->state.special_mob_ai)
             {
-                if (target->type == BL_MOB)
+                if (target->type == BL::MOB)
                 {               //special_mob_ai�対象�Mob
                     struct mob_data *tmd = (struct mob_data *) target;
                     if (tmd)
@@ -5271,7 +2190,7 @@ int battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
                     }
                 }
             }
-            if ((ss = map_id2bl (md->master_id)) == NULL)
+            if ((ss = map_id2bl(md->master_id)) == NULL)
                 return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -5279,25 +2198,23 @@ int battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
     if (src == target || ss == target)  // ���ら肯定
         return 1;
 
-    if (target->type == BL_PC
-        && pc_isinvisible ((struct map_session_data *) target))
+    if (target->type == BL::PC
+        && pc_isinvisible((struct map_session_data *) target))
         return -1;
 
     if (src->prev == NULL ||    // 死ん�る�らエラー
-        (src->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) src)))
+        (src->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) src)))
         return -1;
 
-    if ((ss->type == BL_PC && target->type == BL_MOB) ||
-        (ss->type == BL_MOB && target->type == BL_PC))
+    if ((ss->type == BL::PC && target->type == BL::MOB) ||
+        (ss->type == BL::MOB && target->type == BL::PC))
         return 0;               // PCvsMOB�ら�定
 
-    s_p = battle_get_party_id (ss);
-    s_g = battle_get_guild_id (ss);
+    s_p = battle_get_party_id(ss);
 
-    t_p = battle_get_party_id (target);
-    t_g = battle_get_guild_id (target);
+    t_p = battle_get_party_id(target);
 
-    if (flag & 0x10000)
+    if (flag & BCT_PARTY)
     {
         if (s_p && t_p && s_p == t_p)   // ��パーティ�ら肯定（味方）
             return 1;
@@ -5305,61 +2222,20 @@ int battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
             return 0;
     }
 
-    if (ss->type == BL_MOB && s_g > 0 && t_g > 0 && s_g == t_g) // ��ギルド/mobクラス�ら肯定（味方）
-        return 1;
-
-//printf("ss:%d src:%d target:%d flag:0x%x %d %d ",ss->id,src->id,target->id,flag,src->type,target->type);
-//printf("p:%d %d g:%d %d\n",s_p,t_p,s_g,t_g);
+//PRINTF("ss:%d src:%d target:%d flag:0x%x %d %d ",ss->id,src->id,target->id,flag,src->type,target->type);
+//PRINTF("p:%d %d g:%d %d\n",s_p,t_p,s_g,t_g);
 
-    if (ss->type == BL_PC && target->type == BL_PC)
+    if (ss->type == BL::PC && target->type == BL::PC)
     {                           // 両方PVPモード�ら�定（敵）
-        struct skill_unit *su = NULL;
-        if (src->type == BL_SKILL)
-            su = (struct skill_unit *) src;
         if (map[ss->m].flag.pvp
-            || pc_iskiller ((struct map_session_data *) ss,
+            || pc_iskiller((struct map_session_data *) ss,
                             (struct map_session_data *) target))
         {                       // [MouseJstr]
-            if (su && su->group->target_flag == BCT_NOENEMY)
-                return 1;
-            else if (battle_config.pk_mode
-                     && (((struct map_session_data *) ss)->status.pc_class == 0
-                         || ((struct map_session_data *) target)->
-                         status.pc_class == 0))
+            if (battle_config.pk_mode)
                 return 1;       // prevent novice engagement in pk_mode [Valaris]
             else if (map[ss->m].flag.pvp_noparty && s_p > 0 && t_p > 0
                      && s_p == t_p)
                 return 1;
-            else if (map[ss->m].flag.pvp_noguild && s_g > 0 && t_g > 0
-                     && s_g == t_g)
-                return 1;
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (map[src->m].flag.gvg)
-        {
-            struct guild *g = NULL;
-            if (su && su->group->target_flag == BCT_NOENEMY)
-                return 1;
-            if (s_g > 0 && s_g == t_g)
-                return 1;
-            if (map[src->m].flag.gvg_noparty && s_p > 0 && t_p > 0
-                && s_p == t_p)
-                return 1;
-            if ((g = guild_search (s_g)))
-            {
-                int  i;
-                for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-                {
-                    if (g->alliance[i].guild_id > 0
-                        && g->alliance[i].guild_id == t_g)
-                    {
-                        if (g->alliance[i].opposition)
-                            return 0;   //敵対ギルド�ら無�件�敵
-                        else
-                            return 1;   //�盟ギルド�ら無�件�味方
-                    }
-                }
-            }
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -5371,19 +2247,19 @@ int battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
  * 射程判定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_check_range (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+int battle_check_range(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
                         int range)
 {
 
-    int  dx, dy;
+    int dx, dy;
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
-    int  arange;
+    int arange;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(src);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    dx = abs (bl->x - src->x);
-    dy = abs (bl->y - src->y);
+    dx = abs(bl->x - src->x);
+    dy = abs(bl->y - src->y);
     arange = ((dx > dy) ? dx : dy);
 
     if (src->m != bl->m)        // ��マップ
@@ -5402,42 +2278,22 @@ int battle_check_range (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
     wpd.path_len = 0;
     wpd.path_pos = 0;
     wpd.path_half = 0;
-    if (path_search (&wpd, src->m, src->x, src->y, bl->x, bl->y, 0x10001) !=
+    if (path_search(&wpd, src->m, src->x, src->y, bl->x, bl->y, 0x10001) !=
         -1)
         return 1;
 
     dx = (dx > 0) ? 1 : ((dx < 0) ? -1 : 0);
     dy = (dy > 0) ? 1 : ((dy < 0) ? -1 : 0);
-    return (path_search (&wpd, src->m, src->x + dx, src->y + dy,
+    return (path_search(&wpd, src->m, src->x + dx, src->y + dy,
                          bl->x - dx, bl->y - dy, 0x10001) != -1) ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Return numerical value of a switch configuration (modified by [Yor])
- * on/off, english, fran軋is, deutsch, espal
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int battle_config_switch (const char *str)
-{
-    if (strcasecmp (str, "on") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "yes") == 0
-        || strcasecmp (str, "oui") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "ja") == 0
-        || strcasecmp (str, "si") == 0)
-        return 1;
-    if (strcasecmp (str, "off") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "no") == 0
-        || strcasecmp (str, "non") == 0 || strcasecmp (str, "nein") == 0)
-        return 0;
-    return atoi (str);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * 設定ファイルを読�込む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int battle_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
-    int  i;
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
     static int count = 0;
 
     if ((count++) == 0)
@@ -5456,21 +2312,16 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
         battle_config.skill_out_range_consume = 1;
         battle_config.mob_skill_add_range = 0;
         battle_config.pc_damage_delay = 1;
-        battle_config.pc_damage_delay_rate = 100;
         battle_config.defnotenemy = 1;
         battle_config.random_monster_checklv = 1;
         battle_config.attr_recover = 1;
-        battle_config.flooritem_lifetime = LIFETIME_FLOORITEM * 1000;
+        battle_config.flooritem_lifetime = (int)std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(LIFETIME_FLOORITEM).count();
         battle_config.item_auto_get = 0;
         battle_config.drop_pickup_safety_zone = 20;
         battle_config.item_first_get_time = 3000;
         battle_config.item_second_get_time = 1000;
         battle_config.item_third_get_time = 1000;
-        battle_config.mvp_item_first_get_time = 10000;
-        battle_config.mvp_item_second_get_time = 10000;
-        battle_config.mvp_item_third_get_time = 2000;
 
-        battle_config.drop_rate0item = 0;
         battle_config.base_exp_rate = 100;
         battle_config.job_exp_rate = 100;
         battle_config.pvp_exp = 1;
@@ -5481,30 +2332,23 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
         battle_config.zeny_penalty = 0;
         battle_config.restart_hp_rate = 0;
         battle_config.restart_sp_rate = 0;
-        battle_config.mvp_item_rate = 100;
-        battle_config.mvp_exp_rate = 100;
-        battle_config.mvp_hp_rate = 100;
         battle_config.monster_hp_rate = 100;
         battle_config.monster_max_aspd = 199;
         battle_config.atc_gmonly = 0;
         battle_config.gm_allskill = 0;
         battle_config.gm_allequip = 0;
         battle_config.gm_skilluncond = 0;
-        battle_config.guild_max_castles = 0;
         battle_config.skillfree = 0;
         battle_config.skillup_limit = 0;
         battle_config.wp_rate = 100;
         battle_config.pp_rate = 100;
         battle_config.monster_active_enable = 1;
-        battle_config.monster_damage_delay_rate = 100;
         battle_config.monster_loot_type = 0;
         battle_config.mob_skill_use = 1;
         battle_config.mob_count_rate = 100;
         battle_config.quest_skill_learn = 0;
         battle_config.quest_skill_reset = 1;
         battle_config.basic_skill_check = 1;
-        battle_config.guild_emperium_check = 1;
-        battle_config.guild_exp_limit = 50;
         battle_config.pc_invincible_time = 5000;
         battle_config.skill_min_damage = 0;
         battle_config.finger_offensive_type = 0;
@@ -5540,25 +2384,17 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
         battle_config.agi_penaly_type = 0;
         battle_config.agi_penaly_count = 3;
         battle_config.agi_penaly_num = 0;
-        battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv = ATK_FLEE;
+        battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv = static_cast<int>(ATK::FLEE); // FIXME
         battle_config.vit_penaly_type = 0;
         battle_config.vit_penaly_count = 3;
         battle_config.vit_penaly_num = 0;
-        battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv = ATK_DEF;
-        battle_config.player_defense_type = 0;
-        battle_config.monster_defense_type = 0;
-        battle_config.magic_defense_type = 0;
+        battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv = static_cast<int>(ATK::DEF); // FIXME
         battle_config.pc_skill_reiteration = 0;
         battle_config.monster_skill_reiteration = 0;
         battle_config.pc_skill_nofootset = 0;
         battle_config.monster_skill_nofootset = 0;
         battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type = 0;
         battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type = 0;
-        battle_config.gvg_short_damage_rate = 100;
-        battle_config.gvg_long_damage_rate = 100;
-        battle_config.gvg_magic_damage_rate = 100;
-        battle_config.gvg_misc_damage_rate = 100;
-        battle_config.gvg_eliminate_time = 7000;
         battle_config.mob_changetarget_byskill = 0;
         battle_config.pc_attack_direction_change = 1;
         battle_config.monster_attack_direction_change = 1;
@@ -5590,34 +2426,12 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
         battle_config.invite_request_check = 1;
         battle_config.skill_removetrap_type = 0;
         battle_config.disp_experience = 0;
-        battle_config.item_rate_common = 100;
-        battle_config.item_rate_equip = 100;
-        battle_config.item_rate_card = 100;
-        battle_config.item_rate_heal = 100; // Added by Valaris
-        battle_config.item_rate_use = 100;  // End
-        battle_config.item_drop_common_min = 1; // Added by TyrNemesis^
-        battle_config.item_drop_common_max = 10000;
-        battle_config.item_drop_equip_min = 1;
-        battle_config.item_drop_equip_max = 10000;
-        battle_config.item_drop_card_min = 1;
-        battle_config.item_drop_card_max = 10000;
-        battle_config.item_drop_mvp_min = 1;
-        battle_config.item_drop_mvp_max = 10000;    // End Addition
-        battle_config.item_drop_heal_min = 1;   // Added by Valaris
-        battle_config.item_drop_heal_max = 10000;
-        battle_config.item_drop_use_min = 1;
-        battle_config.item_drop_use_max = 10000;    // End
         battle_config.prevent_logout = 1;   // Added by RoVeRT
         battle_config.maximum_level = 255;  // Added by Valaris
         battle_config.drops_by_luk = 0; // [Valaris]
-        battle_config.equipment_breaking = 0;   // [Valaris]
-        battle_config.equipment_break_rate = 100;   // [Valaris]
         battle_config.pk_mode = 0;  // [Valaris]
         battle_config.multi_level_up = 0;   // [Valaris]
         battle_config.backstab_bow_penalty = 0; // Akaru
-        battle_config.night_at_start = 0;   // added by [Yor]
-        battle_config.day_duration = 2 * 60 * 60 * 1000;    // added by [Yor] (2 hours)
-        battle_config.night_duration = 30 * 60 * 1000;  // added by [Yor] (30 minutes)
         battle_config.show_mob_hp = 0;  // [Valaris]
         battle_config.hack_info_GM_level = 60;  // added by [Yor] (default: 60, GM level)
         battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level = 20;   // added by [Yor]
@@ -5649,478 +2463,212 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
         battle_config.mob_splash_radius = -1;
     }
 
-    fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(cfgName);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
+        PRINTF("file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
         return 1;
     }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
+        // s/{"\([a-zA-Z_0-9]*\)", &battle_config.\1}/BATTLE_CONFIG_VAR(\1)/
         const struct
         {
-            char str[128];
+            const char *str;
             int *val;
         } data[] =
         {
-            {
-            "warp_point_debug", &battle_config.warp_point_debug},
-            {
-            "enemy_critical", &battle_config.enemy_critical},
-            {
-            "enemy_critical_rate", &battle_config.enemy_critical_rate},
-            {
-            "enemy_str", &battle_config.enemy_str},
-            {
-            "enemy_perfect_flee", &battle_config.enemy_perfect_flee},
-            {
-            "casting_rate", &battle_config.cast_rate},
-            {
-            "delay_rate", &battle_config.delay_rate},
-            {
-            "delay_dependon_dex", &battle_config.delay_dependon_dex},
-            {
-            "skill_delay_attack_enable",
-                    &battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable},
-            {
-            "left_cardfix_to_right", &battle_config.left_cardfix_to_right},
-            {
-            "player_skill_add_range", &battle_config.pc_skill_add_range},
-            {
-            "skill_out_range_consume",
-                    &battle_config.skill_out_range_consume},
-            {
-            "monster_skill_add_range", &battle_config.mob_skill_add_range},
-            {
-            "player_damage_delay", &battle_config.pc_damage_delay},
-            {
-            "player_damage_delay_rate",
-                    &battle_config.pc_damage_delay_rate},
-            {
-            "defunit_not_enemy", &battle_config.defnotenemy},
-            {
-            "random_monster_checklv",
-                    &battle_config.random_monster_checklv},
-            {
-            "attribute_recover", &battle_config.attr_recover},
-            {
-            "flooritem_lifetime", &battle_config.flooritem_lifetime},
-            {
-            "item_auto_get", &battle_config.item_auto_get},
-            {
-            "drop_pickup_safety_zone",
-                    &battle_config.drop_pickup_safety_zone},
-            {
-            "item_first_get_time", &battle_config.item_first_get_time},
-            {
-            "item_second_get_time", &battle_config.item_second_get_time},
-            {
-            "item_third_get_time", &battle_config.item_third_get_time},
-            {
-            "mvp_item_first_get_time",
-                    &battle_config.mvp_item_first_get_time},
-            {
-            "mvp_item_second_get_time",
-                    &battle_config.mvp_item_second_get_time},
-            {
-            "mvp_item_third_get_time",
-                    &battle_config.mvp_item_third_get_time},
-            {
-            "item_rate", &battle_config.item_rate},
-            {
-            "drop_rate0item", &battle_config.drop_rate0item},
-            {
-            "base_exp_rate", &battle_config.base_exp_rate},
-            {
-            "job_exp_rate", &battle_config.job_exp_rate},
-            {
-            "pvp_exp", &battle_config.pvp_exp},
-            {
-            "gtb_pvp_only", &battle_config.gtb_pvp_only},
-            {
-            "guild_max_castles", &battle_config.guild_max_castles},
-            {
-            "death_penalty_type", &battle_config.death_penalty_type},
-            {
-            "death_penalty_base", &battle_config.death_penalty_base},
-            {
-            "death_penalty_job", &battle_config.death_penalty_job},
-            {
-            "zeny_penalty", &battle_config.zeny_penalty},
-            {
-            "restart_hp_rate", &battle_config.restart_hp_rate},
-            {
-            "restart_sp_rate", &battle_config.restart_sp_rate},
-            {
-            "mvp_hp_rate", &battle_config.mvp_hp_rate},
-            {
-            "mvp_item_rate", &battle_config.mvp_item_rate},
-            {
-            "mvp_exp_rate", &battle_config.mvp_exp_rate},
-            {
-            "monster_hp_rate", &battle_config.monster_hp_rate},
-            {
-            "monster_max_aspd", &battle_config.monster_max_aspd},
-            {
-            "atcommand_gm_only", &battle_config.atc_gmonly},
-            {
-            "atcommand_spawn_quantity_limit",
-                    &battle_config.atc_spawn_quantity_limit},
-            {
-            "gm_all_skill", &battle_config.gm_allskill},
-            {
-            "gm_all_skill_add_abra", &battle_config.gm_allskill_addabra},
-            {
-            "gm_all_equipment", &battle_config.gm_allequip},
-            {
-            "gm_skill_unconditional", &battle_config.gm_skilluncond},
-            {
-            "player_skillfree", &battle_config.skillfree},
-            {
-            "player_skillup_limit", &battle_config.skillup_limit},
-            {
-            "weapon_produce_rate", &battle_config.wp_rate},
-            {
-            "potion_produce_rate", &battle_config.pp_rate},
-            {
-            "monster_active_enable", &battle_config.monster_active_enable},
-            {
-            "monster_damage_delay_rate",
-                    &battle_config.monster_damage_delay_rate},
-            {
-            "monster_loot_type", &battle_config.monster_loot_type},
-            {
-            "mob_skill_use", &battle_config.mob_skill_use},
-            {
-            "mob_count_rate", &battle_config.mob_count_rate},
-            {
-            "quest_skill_learn", &battle_config.quest_skill_learn},
-            {
-            "quest_skill_reset", &battle_config.quest_skill_reset},
-            {
-            "basic_skill_check", &battle_config.basic_skill_check},
-            {
-            "guild_emperium_check", &battle_config.guild_emperium_check},
-            {
-            "guild_exp_limit", &battle_config.guild_exp_limit},
-            {
-            "player_invincible_time", &battle_config.pc_invincible_time},
-            {
-            "skill_min_damage", &battle_config.skill_min_damage},
-            {
-            "finger_offensive_type", &battle_config.finger_offensive_type},
-            {
-            "heal_exp", &battle_config.heal_exp},
-            {
-            "resurrection_exp", &battle_config.resurrection_exp},
-            {
-            "shop_exp", &battle_config.shop_exp},
-            {
-            "combo_delay_rate", &battle_config.combo_delay_rate},
-            {
-            "item_check", &battle_config.item_check},
-            {
-            "wedding_modifydisplay", &battle_config.wedding_modifydisplay},
-            {
-            "natural_healhp_interval",
-                    &battle_config.natural_healhp_interval},
-            {
-            "natural_healsp_interval",
-                    &battle_config.natural_healsp_interval},
-            {
-            "natural_heal_skill_interval",
-                    &battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval},
-            {
-            "natural_heal_weight_rate",
-                    &battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate},
-            {
-            "itemheal_regeneration_factor",
-                    &battle_config.itemheal_regeneration_factor},
-            {
-            "item_name_override_grffile",
-                    &battle_config.item_name_override_grffile},
-            {
-            "arrow_decrement", &battle_config.arrow_decrement},
-            {
-            "max_aspd", &battle_config.max_aspd},
-            {
-            "max_hp", &battle_config.max_hp},
-            {
-            "max_sp", &battle_config.max_sp},
-            {
-            "max_lv", &battle_config.max_lv},
-            {
-            "max_parameter", &battle_config.max_parameter},
-            {
-            "max_cart_weight", &battle_config.max_cart_weight},
-            {
-            "player_skill_log", &battle_config.pc_skill_log},
-            {
-            "monster_skill_log", &battle_config.mob_skill_log},
-            {
-            "battle_log", &battle_config.battle_log},
-            {
-            "save_log", &battle_config.save_log},
-            {
-            "error_log", &battle_config.error_log},
-            {
-            "etc_log", &battle_config.etc_log},
-            {
-            "save_clothcolor", &battle_config.save_clothcolor},
-            {
-            "undead_detect_type", &battle_config.undead_detect_type},
-            {
-            "player_auto_counter_type",
-                    &battle_config.pc_auto_counter_type},
-            {
-            "monster_auto_counter_type",
-                    &battle_config.monster_auto_counter_type},
-            {
-            "agi_penaly_type", &battle_config.agi_penaly_type},
-            {
-            "agi_penaly_count", &battle_config.agi_penaly_count},
-            {
-            "agi_penaly_num", &battle_config.agi_penaly_num},
-            {
-            "agi_penaly_count_lv", &battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv},
-            {
-            "vit_penaly_type", &battle_config.vit_penaly_type},
-            {
-            "vit_penaly_count", &battle_config.vit_penaly_count},
-            {
-            "vit_penaly_num", &battle_config.vit_penaly_num},
-            {
-            "vit_penaly_count_lv", &battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv},
-            {
-            "player_defense_type", &battle_config.player_defense_type},
-            {
-            "monster_defense_type", &battle_config.monster_defense_type},
-            {
-            "magic_defense_type", &battle_config.magic_defense_type},
-            {
-            "player_skill_reiteration",
-                    &battle_config.pc_skill_reiteration},
-            {
-            "monster_skill_reiteration",
-                    &battle_config.monster_skill_reiteration},
-            {
-            "player_skill_nofootset", &battle_config.pc_skill_nofootset},
-            {
-            "monster_skill_nofootset",
-                    &battle_config.monster_skill_nofootset},
-            {
-            "player_cloak_check_type", &battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type},
-            {
-            "monster_cloak_check_type",
-                    &battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type},
-            {
-            "gvg_short_attack_damage_rate",
-                    &battle_config.gvg_short_damage_rate},
-            {
-            "gvg_long_attack_damage_rate",
-                    &battle_config.gvg_long_damage_rate},
-            {
-            "gvg_magic_attack_damage_rate",
-                    &battle_config.gvg_magic_damage_rate},
-            {
-            "gvg_misc_attack_damage_rate",
-                    &battle_config.gvg_misc_damage_rate},
-            {
-            "gvg_eliminate_time", &battle_config.gvg_eliminate_time},
-            {
-            "mob_changetarget_byskill",
-                    &battle_config.mob_changetarget_byskill},
-            {
-            "player_attack_direction_change",
-                    &battle_config.pc_attack_direction_change},
-            {
-            "monster_attack_direction_change",
-                    &battle_config.monster_attack_direction_change},
-            {
-            "player_land_skill_limit", &battle_config.pc_land_skill_limit},
-            {
-            "monster_land_skill_limit",
-                    &battle_config.monster_land_skill_limit},
-            {
-            "party_skill_penaly", &battle_config.party_skill_penaly},
-            {
-            "monster_class_change_full_recover",
-                    &battle_config.monster_class_change_full_recover},
-            {
-            "produce_item_name_input",
-                    &battle_config.produce_item_name_input},
-            {
-            "produce_potion_name_input",
-                    &battle_config.produce_potion_name_input},
-            {
-            "making_arrow_name_input",
-                    &battle_config.making_arrow_name_input},
-            {
-            "holywater_name_input", &battle_config.holywater_name_input},
-            {
-            "display_delay_skill_fail",
-                    &battle_config.display_delay_skill_fail},
-            {
-            "chat_warpportal", &battle_config.chat_warpportal},
-            {
-            "mob_warpportal", &battle_config.mob_warpportal},
-            {
-            "dead_branch_active", &battle_config.dead_branch_active},
-            {
-            "show_steal_in_same_party",
-                    &battle_config.show_steal_in_same_party},
-            {
-            "enable_upper_class", &battle_config.enable_upper_class},
-            {
-            "mob_attack_attr_none", &battle_config.mob_attack_attr_none},
-            {
-            "mob_ghostring_fix", &battle_config.mob_ghostring_fix},
-            {
-            "pc_attack_attr_none", &battle_config.pc_attack_attr_none},
-            {
-            "gx_allhit", &battle_config.gx_allhit},
-            {
-            "gx_cardfix", &battle_config.gx_cardfix},
-            {
-            "gx_dupele", &battle_config.gx_dupele},
-            {
-            "gx_disptype", &battle_config.gx_disptype},
-            {
-            "player_skill_partner_check",
-                    &battle_config.player_skill_partner_check},
-            {
-            "hide_GM_session", &battle_config.hide_GM_session},
-            {
-            "unit_movement_type", &battle_config.unit_movement_type},
-            {
-            "invite_request_check", &battle_config.invite_request_check},
-            {
-            "skill_removetrap_type", &battle_config.skill_removetrap_type},
-            {
-            "disp_experience", &battle_config.disp_experience},
-            {
-            "castle_defense_rate", &battle_config.castle_defense_rate},
-            {
-            "riding_weight", &battle_config.riding_weight},
-            {
-            "item_rate_common", &battle_config.item_rate_common},   // Added by RoVeRT
-            {
-            "item_rate_equip", &battle_config.item_rate_equip},
-            {
-            "item_rate_card", &battle_config.item_rate_card},   // End Addition
-            {
-            "item_rate_heal", &battle_config.item_rate_heal},   // Added by Valaris
-            {
-            "item_rate_use", &battle_config.item_rate_use}, // End
-            {
-            "item_drop_common_min", &battle_config.item_drop_common_min},   // Added by TyrNemesis^
-            {
-            "item_drop_common_max", &battle_config.item_drop_common_max},
-            {
-            "item_drop_equip_min", &battle_config.item_drop_equip_min},
-            {
-            "item_drop_equip_max", &battle_config.item_drop_equip_max},
-            {
-            "item_drop_card_min", &battle_config.item_drop_card_min},
-            {
-            "item_drop_card_max", &battle_config.item_drop_card_max},
-            {
-            "item_drop_mvp_min", &battle_config.item_drop_mvp_min},
-            {
-            "item_drop_mvp_max", &battle_config.item_drop_mvp_max}, // End Addition
-            {
-            "prevent_logout", &battle_config.prevent_logout},   // Added by RoVeRT
-            {
-            "alchemist_summon_reward", &battle_config.alchemist_summon_reward}, // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "maximum_level", &battle_config.maximum_level}, // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "drops_by_luk", &battle_config.drops_by_luk},   // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "monsters_ignore_gm", &battle_config.monsters_ignore_gm},   // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "equipment_breaking", &battle_config.equipment_breaking},   // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "equipment_break_rate", &battle_config.equipment_break_rate},   // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "pk_mode", &battle_config.pk_mode}, // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "multi_level_up", &battle_config.multi_level_up},   // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "backstab_bow_penalty", &battle_config.backstab_bow_penalty},
-            {
-            "night_at_start", &battle_config.night_at_start},   // added by [Yor]
-            {
-            "day_duration", &battle_config.day_duration},   // added by [Yor]
-            {
-            "night_duration", &battle_config.night_duration},   // added by [Yor]
-            {
-            "show_mob_hp", &battle_config.show_mob_hp}, // [Valaris]
-            {
-            "hack_info_GM_level", &battle_config.hack_info_GM_level},   // added by [Yor]
-            {
-            "any_warp_GM_min_level", &battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level}, // added by [Yor]
-            {
-            "packet_ver_flag", &battle_config.packet_ver_flag}, // added by [Yor]
-            {
-            "min_hair_style", &battle_config.min_hair_style},   // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "max_hair_style", &battle_config.max_hair_style},   // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "min_hair_color", &battle_config.min_hair_color},   // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "max_hair_color", &battle_config.max_hair_color},   // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "min_cloth_color", &battle_config.min_cloth_color}, // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "max_cloth_color", &battle_config.max_cloth_color}, // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "castrate_dex_scale", &battle_config.castrate_dex_scale},   // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "area_size", &battle_config.area_size}, // added by [MouseJstr]
-            {
-            "muting_players", &battle_config.muting_players},   // added by [Apple]
-            {
-            "chat_lame_penalty", &battle_config.chat_lame_penalty},
-            {
-            "chat_spam_threshold", &battle_config.chat_spam_threshold},
-            {
-            "chat_spam_flood", &battle_config.chat_spam_flood},
-            {
-            "chat_spam_ban", &battle_config.chat_spam_ban},
-            {
-            "chat_spam_warn", &battle_config.chat_spam_warn},
-            {
-            "chat_maxline", &battle_config.chat_maxline},
-            {
-            "packet_spam_threshold", &battle_config.packet_spam_threshold},
-            {
-            "packet_spam_flood", &battle_config.packet_spam_flood},
-            {
-            "packet_spam_kick", &battle_config.packet_spam_kick},
-            {
-            "mask_ip_gms", &battle_config.mask_ip_gms},
-            {
-            "mob_splash_radius", &battle_config.mob_splash_radius},
+            {"warp_point_debug", &battle_config.warp_point_debug},
+            {"enemy_critical", &battle_config.enemy_critical},
+            {"enemy_critical_rate", &battle_config.enemy_critical_rate},
+            {"enemy_str", &battle_config.enemy_str},
+            {"enemy_perfect_flee", &battle_config.enemy_perfect_flee},
+            {"casting_rate", &battle_config.cast_rate},
+            {"delay_rate", &battle_config.delay_rate},
+            {"delay_dependon_dex", &battle_config.delay_dependon_dex},
+            {"skill_delay_attack_enable", &battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable},
+            {"left_cardfix_to_right", &battle_config.left_cardfix_to_right},
+            {"player_skill_add_range", &battle_config.pc_skill_add_range},
+            {"skill_out_range_consume", &battle_config.skill_out_range_consume},
+            {"monster_skill_add_range", &battle_config.mob_skill_add_range},
+            {"player_damage_delay", &battle_config.pc_damage_delay},
+            {"defunit_not_enemy", &battle_config.defnotenemy},
+            {"random_monster_checklv", &battle_config.random_monster_checklv},
+            {"attribute_recover", &battle_config.attr_recover},
+            {"flooritem_lifetime", &battle_config.flooritem_lifetime},
+            {"item_auto_get", &battle_config.item_auto_get},
+            {"drop_pickup_safety_zone", &battle_config.drop_pickup_safety_zone},
+            {"item_first_get_time", &battle_config.item_first_get_time},
+            {"item_second_get_time", &battle_config.item_second_get_time},
+            {"item_third_get_time", &battle_config.item_third_get_time},
+            {"base_exp_rate", &battle_config.base_exp_rate},
+            {"job_exp_rate", &battle_config.job_exp_rate},
+            {"pvp_exp", &battle_config.pvp_exp},
+            {"gtb_pvp_only", &battle_config.gtb_pvp_only},
+            {"death_penalty_type", &battle_config.death_penalty_type},
+            {"death_penalty_base", &battle_config.death_penalty_base},
+            {"death_penalty_job", &battle_config.death_penalty_job},
+            {"zeny_penalty", &battle_config.zeny_penalty},
+            {"restart_hp_rate", &battle_config.restart_hp_rate},
+            {"restart_sp_rate", &battle_config.restart_sp_rate},
+            {"monster_hp_rate", &battle_config.monster_hp_rate},
+            {"monster_max_aspd", &battle_config.monster_max_aspd},
+            {"atcommand_gm_only", &battle_config.atc_gmonly},
+            {"atcommand_spawn_quantity_limit", &battle_config.atc_spawn_quantity_limit},
+            {"gm_all_skill", &battle_config.gm_allskill},
+            {"gm_all_skill_add_abra", &battle_config.gm_allskill_addabra},
+            {"gm_all_equipment", &battle_config.gm_allequip},
+            {"gm_skill_unconditional", &battle_config.gm_skilluncond},
+            {"player_skillfree", &battle_config.skillfree},
+            {"player_skillup_limit", &battle_config.skillup_limit},
+            {"weapon_produce_rate", &battle_config.wp_rate},
+            {"potion_produce_rate", &battle_config.pp_rate},
+            {"monster_active_enable", &battle_config.monster_active_enable},
+            {"monster_loot_type", &battle_config.monster_loot_type},
+            {"mob_skill_use", &battle_config.mob_skill_use},
+            {"mob_count_rate", &battle_config.mob_count_rate},
+            {"quest_skill_learn", &battle_config.quest_skill_learn},
+            {"quest_skill_reset", &battle_config.quest_skill_reset},
+            {"basic_skill_check", &battle_config.basic_skill_check},
+            {"player_invincible_time", &battle_config.pc_invincible_time},
+            {"skill_min_damage", &battle_config.skill_min_damage},
+            {"finger_offensive_type", &battle_config.finger_offensive_type},
+            {"heal_exp", &battle_config.heal_exp},
+            {"resurrection_exp", &battle_config.resurrection_exp},
+            {"shop_exp", &battle_config.shop_exp},
+            {"combo_delay_rate", &battle_config.combo_delay_rate},
+            {"item_check", &battle_config.item_check},
+            {"wedding_modifydisplay", &battle_config.wedding_modifydisplay},
+            {"natural_healhp_interval", &battle_config.natural_healhp_interval},
+            {"natural_healsp_interval", &battle_config.natural_healsp_interval},
+            {"natural_heal_skill_interval", &battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval},
+            {"natural_heal_weight_rate", &battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate},
+            {"itemheal_regeneration_factor", &battle_config.itemheal_regeneration_factor},
+            {"item_name_override_grffile", &battle_config.item_name_override_grffile},
+            {"arrow_decrement", &battle_config.arrow_decrement},
+            {"max_aspd", &battle_config.max_aspd},
+            {"max_hp", &battle_config.max_hp},
+            {"max_sp", &battle_config.max_sp},
+            {"max_lv", &battle_config.max_lv},
+            {"max_parameter", &battle_config.max_parameter},
+            {"max_cart_weight", &battle_config.max_cart_weight},
+            {"player_skill_log", &battle_config.pc_skill_log},
+            {"monster_skill_log", &battle_config.mob_skill_log},
+            {"battle_log", &battle_config.battle_log},
+            {"save_log", &battle_config.save_log},
+            {"error_log", &battle_config.error_log},
+            {"etc_log", &battle_config.etc_log},
+            {"save_clothcolor", &battle_config.save_clothcolor},
+            {"undead_detect_type", &battle_config.undead_detect_type},
+            {"player_auto_counter_type", &battle_config.pc_auto_counter_type},
+            {"monster_auto_counter_type", &battle_config.monster_auto_counter_type},
+            {"agi_penaly_type", &battle_config.agi_penaly_type},
+            {"agi_penaly_count", &battle_config.agi_penaly_count},
+            {"agi_penaly_num", &battle_config.agi_penaly_num},
+            {"agi_penaly_count_lv", &battle_config.agi_penaly_count_lv},
+            {"vit_penaly_type", &battle_config.vit_penaly_type},
+            {"vit_penaly_count", &battle_config.vit_penaly_count},
+            {"vit_penaly_num", &battle_config.vit_penaly_num},
+            {"vit_penaly_count_lv", &battle_config.vit_penaly_count_lv},
+            {"player_skill_reiteration", &battle_config.pc_skill_reiteration},
+            {"monster_skill_reiteration", &battle_config.monster_skill_reiteration},
+            {"player_skill_nofootset", &battle_config.pc_skill_nofootset},
+            {"monster_skill_nofootset", &battle_config.monster_skill_nofootset},
+            {"player_cloak_check_type", &battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type},
+            {"monster_cloak_check_type", &battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type},
+            {"mob_changetarget_byskill", &battle_config.mob_changetarget_byskill},
+            {"player_attack_direction_change", &battle_config.pc_attack_direction_change},
+            {"monster_attack_direction_change", &battle_config.monster_attack_direction_change},
+            {"player_land_skill_limit", &battle_config.pc_land_skill_limit},
+            {"monster_land_skill_limit", &battle_config.monster_land_skill_limit},
+            {"party_skill_penaly", &battle_config.party_skill_penaly},
+            {"monster_class_change_full_recover", &battle_config.monster_class_change_full_recover},
+            {"produce_item_name_input", &battle_config.produce_item_name_input},
+            {"produce_potion_name_input", &battle_config.produce_potion_name_input},
+            {"making_arrow_name_input", &battle_config.making_arrow_name_input},
+            {"holywater_name_input", &battle_config.holywater_name_input},
+            {"display_delay_skill_fail", &battle_config.display_delay_skill_fail},
+            {"chat_warpportal", &battle_config.chat_warpportal},
+            {"mob_warpportal", &battle_config.mob_warpportal},
+            {"dead_branch_active", &battle_config.dead_branch_active},
+            {"show_steal_in_same_party", &battle_config.show_steal_in_same_party},
+            {"enable_upper_class", &battle_config.enable_upper_class},
+            {"mob_attack_attr_none", &battle_config.mob_attack_attr_none},
+            {"mob_ghostring_fix", &battle_config.mob_ghostring_fix},
+            {"pc_attack_attr_none", &battle_config.pc_attack_attr_none},
+            {"gx_allhit", &battle_config.gx_allhit},
+            {"gx_cardfix", &battle_config.gx_cardfix},
+            {"gx_dupele", &battle_config.gx_dupele},
+            {"gx_disptype", &battle_config.gx_disptype},
+            {"player_skill_partner_check", &battle_config.player_skill_partner_check},
+            {"hide_GM_session", &battle_config.hide_GM_session},
+            {"unit_movement_type", &battle_config.unit_movement_type},
+            {"invite_request_check", &battle_config.invite_request_check},
+            {"skill_removetrap_type", &battle_config.skill_removetrap_type},
+            {"disp_experience", &battle_config.disp_experience},
+            {"riding_weight", &battle_config.riding_weight},
+            {"prevent_logout", &battle_config.prevent_logout},   // Added by RoVeRT
+            {"alchemist_summon_reward", &battle_config.alchemist_summon_reward}, // [Valaris]
+            {"maximum_level", &battle_config.maximum_level}, // [Valaris]
+            {"drops_by_luk", &battle_config.drops_by_luk},   // [Valaris]
+            {"monsters_ignore_gm", &battle_config.monsters_ignore_gm},   // [Valaris]
+            {"pk_mode", &battle_config.pk_mode}, // [Valaris]
+            {"multi_level_up", &battle_config.multi_level_up},   // [Valaris]
+            {"backstab_bow_penalty", &battle_config.backstab_bow_penalty},
+            {"show_mob_hp", &battle_config.show_mob_hp}, // [Valaris]
+            {"hack_info_GM_level", &battle_config.hack_info_GM_level},   // added by [Yor]
+            {"any_warp_GM_min_level", &battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level}, // added by [Yor]
+            {"packet_ver_flag", &battle_config.packet_ver_flag}, // added by [Yor]
+            {"min_hair_style", &battle_config.min_hair_style},   // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"max_hair_style", &battle_config.max_hair_style},   // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"min_hair_color", &battle_config.min_hair_color},   // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"max_hair_color", &battle_config.max_hair_color},   // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"min_cloth_color", &battle_config.min_cloth_color}, // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"max_cloth_color", &battle_config.max_cloth_color}, // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"castrate_dex_scale", &battle_config.castrate_dex_scale},   // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"area_size", &battle_config.area_size}, // added by [MouseJstr]
+            {"chat_lame_penalty", &battle_config.chat_lame_penalty},
+            {"chat_spam_threshold", &battle_config.chat_spam_threshold},
+            {"chat_spam_flood", &battle_config.chat_spam_flood},
+            {"chat_spam_ban", &battle_config.chat_spam_ban},
+            {"chat_spam_warn", &battle_config.chat_spam_warn},
+            {"chat_maxline", &battle_config.chat_maxline},
+            {"packet_spam_threshold", &battle_config.packet_spam_threshold},
+            {"packet_spam_flood", &battle_config.packet_spam_flood},
+            {"packet_spam_kick", &battle_config.packet_spam_kick},
+            {"mask_ip_gms", &battle_config.mask_ip_gms},
+            {"mob_splash_radius", &battle_config.mob_splash_radius},
         };
 
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]:%s", w1, w2) != 2)
+
+        if (w1 == "import")
+        {
+            battle_config_read(w2.c_str());
             continue;
-        for (i = 0; i < sizeof (data) / (sizeof (data[0])); i++)
-            if (strcasecmp (w1, data[i].str) == 0)
-                *data[i].val = battle_config_switch (w2);
+        }
+
+        for (auto datum : data)
+            if (w1 == datum.str)
+            {
+                *datum.val = config_switch(w2.c_str());
+                goto continue_outer;
+            }
 
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
-            battle_config_read (w2);
+        PRINTF("WARNING: unknown battle conf key: %s\n", w1);
+
+    continue_outer:
+        ;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
     if (--count == 0)
     {
-        if (battle_config.flooritem_lifetime < 1000)
-            battle_config.flooritem_lifetime = LIFETIME_FLOORITEM * 1000;
+        if (static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.flooritem_lifetime) < std::chrono::seconds(1))
+            battle_config.flooritem_lifetime = (int)std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(LIFETIME_FLOORITEM).count();
         if (battle_config.restart_hp_rate < 0)
             battle_config.restart_hp_rate = 0;
         else if (battle_config.restart_hp_rate > 100)
@@ -6129,12 +2677,12 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
             battle_config.restart_sp_rate = 0;
         else if (battle_config.restart_sp_rate > 100)
             battle_config.restart_sp_rate = 100;
-        if (battle_config.natural_healhp_interval < NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL)
-            battle_config.natural_healhp_interval = NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL;
-        if (battle_config.natural_healsp_interval < NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL)
-            battle_config.natural_healsp_interval = NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL;
-        if (battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval < NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL)
-            battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval = NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL;
+        if (battle_config.natural_healhp_interval < NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL.count())
+            battle_config.natural_healhp_interval = NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL.count();
+        if (battle_config.natural_healsp_interval < NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL.count())
+            battle_config.natural_healsp_interval = NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL.count();
+        if (battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval < NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL.count())
+            battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval = NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL.count();
         if (battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate < 50)
             battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate = 50;
         if (battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate > 101)
@@ -6173,41 +2721,6 @@ int battle_config_read (const char *cfgName)
         if (battle_config.vit_penaly_count < 2)
             battle_config.vit_penaly_count = 2;
 
-        if (battle_config.guild_exp_limit > 99)
-            battle_config.guild_exp_limit = 99;
-        if (battle_config.guild_exp_limit < 0)
-            battle_config.guild_exp_limit = 0;
-
-        if (battle_config.castle_defense_rate < 0)
-            battle_config.castle_defense_rate = 0;
-        if (battle_config.castle_defense_rate > 100)
-            battle_config.castle_defense_rate = 100;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_common_min < 1) // Added by TyrNemesis^
-            battle_config.item_drop_common_min = 1;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_common_max > 10000)
-            battle_config.item_drop_common_max = 10000;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_equip_min < 1)
-            battle_config.item_drop_equip_min = 1;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_equip_max > 10000)
-            battle_config.item_drop_equip_max = 10000;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_card_min < 1)
-            battle_config.item_drop_card_min = 1;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_card_max > 10000)
-            battle_config.item_drop_card_max = 10000;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_mvp_min < 1)
-            battle_config.item_drop_mvp_min = 1;
-        if (battle_config.item_drop_mvp_max > 10000)
-            battle_config.item_drop_mvp_max = 10000;    // End Addition
-
-        if (battle_config.night_at_start < 0)   // added by [Yor]
-            battle_config.night_at_start = 0;
-        else if (battle_config.night_at_start > 1)  // added by [Yor]
-            battle_config.night_at_start = 1;
-        if (battle_config.day_duration < 0) // added by [Yor]
-            battle_config.day_duration = 0;
-        if (battle_config.night_duration < 0)   // added by [Yor]
-            battle_config.night_duration = 0;
-
         if (battle_config.hack_info_GM_level < 0)   // added by [Yor]
             battle_config.hack_info_GM_level = 0;
         else if (battle_config.hack_info_GM_level > 100)
diff --git a/src/map/battle.hpp b/src/map/battle.hpp
index 5f2a22f..6d9d8dd 100644
--- a/src/map/battle.hpp
+++ b/src/map/battle.hpp
@@ -1,357 +1,267 @@
-// $Id: battle.h,v 1.6 2004/09/29 21:08:17 Akitasha Exp $
 #ifndef BATTLE_HPP
 #define BATTLE_HPP
 
+#include "battle.t.hpp"
+
+#include "../common/timer.t.hpp"
+
+#include "magic-interpreter.t.hpp"
+#include "map.t.hpp"
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
+
 // ダメージ
 struct Damage
 {
-    int  damage, damage2;
-    int  type, div_;
-    int  amotion, dmotion;
-    int  blewcount;
-    int  flag;
-    int  dmg_lv;                //囲�れ減算計算用　0:スキル攻撃 ATK_LUCKY,ATK_FLEE,ATK_DEF
+    int damage, damage2;
+    DamageType type;
+    int div_;
+    interval_t amotion, dmotion;
+    BF flag;
+    ATK dmg_lv;
 };
 
-// 属性表（読�込��pc.c�battle_attr_fix�使用）
-extern int attr_fix_table[4][10][10];
-
 struct map_session_data;
 struct mob_data;
 struct block_list;
 
 // ダメージ計算
 
-struct Damage battle_calc_attack (int attack_type,
-                                  struct block_list *bl,
-                                  struct block_list *target, int skill_num,
-                                  int skill_lv, int flag);
-struct Damage battle_calc_weapon_attack (struct block_list *bl,
-                                         struct block_list *target,
-                                         int skill_num, int skill_lv,
-                                         int flag);
-struct Damage battle_calc_magic_attack (struct block_list *bl,
-                                        struct block_list *target,
-                                        int skill_num, int skill_lv,
-                                        int flag);
-struct Damage battle_calc_misc_attack (struct block_list *bl,
-                                       struct block_list *target,
-                                       int skill_num, int skill_lv, int flag);
-
-// 属性修正計算
-int  battle_attr_fix (int damage, int atk_elem, int def_elem);
-
-// ダメージ最終計算
-int  battle_calc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                         int damage, int div_, int skill_num, int skill_lv,
-                         int flag);
-enum
-{                               // 最終計算�フラグ
-    BF_WEAPON = 0x0001,
-    BF_MAGIC = 0x0002,
-    BF_MISC = 0x0004,
-    BF_SHORT = 0x0010,
-    BF_LONG = 0x0040,
-    BF_SKILL = 0x0100,
-    BF_NORMAL = 0x0200,
-    BF_WEAPONMASK = 0x000f,
-    BF_RANGEMASK = 0x00f0,
-    BF_SKILLMASK = 0x0f00,
-};
+struct Damage battle_calc_attack(BF attack_type,
+        struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
+        SkillID skill_num, int skill_lv, int flag);
 
 // 実際�HPを増減
-int  battle_delay_damage (unsigned int tick, struct block_list *src,
-                          struct block_list *target, int damage, int flag);
-int  battle_damage (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
-                    int damage, int flag);
-int  battle_heal (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target, int hp,
-                  int sp, int flag);
+int battle_damage(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
+        int damage, int flag);
+int battle_heal(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target, int hp,
+        int sp, int flag);
 
 // 攻撃や移動を止�る
-int  battle_stopattack (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_stopwalking (struct block_list *bl, int type);
+int battle_stopattack(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_stopwalking(struct block_list *bl, int type);
 
 // 通常攻撃処����
-int  battle_weapon_attack (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
-                           unsigned int tick, int flag);
-
-// �種パラメータを得る
-int  battle_counttargeted (struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *src,
-                           int target_lv);
-int  battle_is_unarmed (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_class (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_dir (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_lv (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_range (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_hp (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_max_hp (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_str (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_agi (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_vit (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_int (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_dex (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_luk (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_hit (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_flee (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_def (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_mdef (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_flee2 (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_def2 (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_mdef2 (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_baseatk (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_atk (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_atk2 (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_speed (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_adelay (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_amotion (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_dmotion (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_element (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_attack_element (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_attack_element2 (struct block_list *bl);    //左手武器属性�得
-#define battle_get_elem_type(bl)	(battle_get_element(bl)%10)
-#define battle_get_elem_level(bl)	(battle_get_element(bl)/10/2)
-int  battle_get_party_id (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_guild_id (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_race (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_size (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_mode (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_mexp (struct block_list *bl);
-int  battle_get_stat (int stat_id /* SP_VIT or similar */ ,
-                      struct block_list *bl);
-
-struct status_change *battle_get_sc_data (struct block_list *bl);
-short *battle_get_sc_count (struct block_list *bl);
-short *battle_get_opt1 (struct block_list *bl);
-short *battle_get_opt2 (struct block_list *bl);
-short *battle_get_opt3 (struct block_list *bl);
-short *battle_get_option (struct block_list *bl);
+ATK battle_weapon_attack(struct block_list *bl, struct block_list *target,
+        tick_t tick);
 
-enum
+int battle_is_unarmed(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_class(struct block_list *bl);
+DIR battle_get_dir(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_lv(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_range(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_hp(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_max_hp(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_str(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_agi(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_vit(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_int(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_dex(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_luk(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_def(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_mdef(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_def2(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_mdef2(struct block_list *bl);
+interval_t battle_get_speed(struct block_list *bl);
+interval_t battle_get_adelay(struct block_list *bl);
+interval_t battle_get_amotion(struct block_list *bl);
+interval_t battle_get_dmotion(struct block_list *bl);
+LevelElement battle_get_element(struct block_list *bl);
+inline
+Element battle_get_elem_type(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    BCT_NOENEMY = 0x00000,
-    BCT_PARTY = 0x10000,
-    BCT_ENEMY = 0x40000,
-    BCT_NOPARTY = 0x50000,
-    BCT_ALL = 0x20000,
-    BCT_NOONE = 0x60000,
-};
-
-int  battle_check_undead (int race, int element);
-int  battle_check_target (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
-                          int flag);
-int  battle_check_range (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                         int range);
+    return battle_get_element(bl).element;
+}
+int battle_get_party_id(struct block_list *bl);
+Race battle_get_race(struct block_list *bl);
+MobMode battle_get_mode(struct block_list *bl);
+int battle_get_stat(SP stat_id, struct block_list *bl);
 
-// 設定
+eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> battle_get_sc_data(struct block_list *bl);
+short *battle_get_sc_count(struct block_list *bl);
+Opt1 *battle_get_opt1(struct block_list *bl);
+Opt2 *battle_get_opt2(struct block_list *bl);
+Opt3 *battle_get_opt3(struct block_list *bl);
+Option *battle_get_option(struct block_list *bl);
 
-int  battle_config_switch (const char *str);    // [Valaris]
+bool battle_check_undead(Race race, Element element);
+int battle_check_target(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
+        BCT flag);
+int battle_check_range(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        int range);
 
 extern struct Battle_Config
 {
-    int  warp_point_debug;
-    int  enemy_critical;
-    int  enemy_critical_rate;
-    int  enemy_str;
-    int  enemy_perfect_flee;
-    int  cast_rate, delay_rate, delay_dependon_dex;
-    int  sdelay_attack_enable;
-    int  left_cardfix_to_right;
-    int  pc_skill_add_range;
-    int  skill_out_range_consume;
-    int  mob_skill_add_range;
-    int  pc_damage_delay;
-    int  pc_damage_delay_rate;
-    int  defnotenemy;
-    int  random_monster_checklv;
-    int  attr_recover;
-    int  flooritem_lifetime;
-    int  item_auto_get;
-    int  item_first_get_time;
-    int  item_second_get_time;
-    int  item_third_get_time;
-    int  mvp_item_first_get_time;
-    int  mvp_item_second_get_time;
-    int  mvp_item_third_get_time;
-    int  item_rate, base_exp_rate, job_exp_rate;    // removed item rate, depreciated
-    int  drop_rate0item;
-    int  death_penalty_type;
-    int  death_penalty_base, death_penalty_job;
-    int  pvp_exp;               // [MouseJstr]
-    int  gtb_pvp_only;          // [MouseJstr]
-    int  zeny_penalty;
-    int  restart_hp_rate;
-    int  restart_sp_rate;
-    int  mvp_item_rate, mvp_exp_rate;
-    int  mvp_hp_rate;
-    int  monster_hp_rate;
-    int  monster_max_aspd;
-    int  atc_gmonly;
-    int  atc_spawn_quantity_limit;
-    int  gm_allskill;
-    int  gm_allskill_addabra;
-    int  gm_allequip;
-    int  gm_skilluncond;
-    int  skillfree;
-    int  skillup_limit;
-    int  wp_rate;
-    int  pp_rate;
-    int  monster_active_enable;
-    int  monster_damage_delay_rate;
-    int  monster_loot_type;
-    int  mob_skill_use;
-    int  mob_count_rate;
-    int  quest_skill_learn;
-    int  quest_skill_reset;
-    int  basic_skill_check;
-    int  guild_emperium_check;
-    int  guild_exp_limit;
-    int  guild_max_castles;
-    int  pc_invincible_time;
-    int  skill_min_damage;
-    int  finger_offensive_type;
-    int  heal_exp;
-    int  resurrection_exp;
-    int  shop_exp;
-    int  combo_delay_rate;
-    int  item_check;
-    int  wedding_modifydisplay;
-    int  natural_healhp_interval;
-    int  natural_healsp_interval;
-    int  natural_heal_skill_interval;
-    int  natural_heal_weight_rate;
-    int  item_name_override_grffile;
-    int  arrow_decrement;
-    int  max_aspd;
-    int  max_hp;
-    int  max_sp;
-    int  max_lv;
-    int  max_parameter;
-    int  max_cart_weight;
-    int  pc_skill_log;
-    int  mob_skill_log;
-    int  battle_log;
-    int  save_log;
-    int  error_log;
-    int  etc_log;
-    int  save_clothcolor;
-    int  undead_detect_type;
-    int  pc_auto_counter_type;
-    int  monster_auto_counter_type;
-    int  agi_penaly_type;
-    int  agi_penaly_count;
-    int  agi_penaly_num;
-    int  vit_penaly_type;
-    int  vit_penaly_count;
-    int  vit_penaly_num;
-    int  player_defense_type;
-    int  monster_defense_type;
-    int  magic_defense_type;
-    int  pc_skill_reiteration;
-    int  monster_skill_reiteration;
-    int  pc_skill_nofootset;
-    int  monster_skill_nofootset;
-    int  pc_cloak_check_type;
-    int  monster_cloak_check_type;
-    int  gvg_short_damage_rate;
-    int  gvg_long_damage_rate;
-    int  gvg_magic_damage_rate;
-    int  gvg_misc_damage_rate;
-    int  gvg_eliminate_time;
-    int  mob_changetarget_byskill;
-    int  pc_attack_direction_change;
-    int  monster_attack_direction_change;
-    int  pc_undead_nofreeze;
-    int  pc_land_skill_limit;
-    int  monster_land_skill_limit;
-    int  party_skill_penaly;
-    int  monster_class_change_full_recover;
-    int  produce_item_name_input;
-    int  produce_potion_name_input;
-    int  making_arrow_name_input;
-    int  holywater_name_input;
-    int  display_delay_skill_fail;
-    int  chat_warpportal;
-    int  mob_warpportal;
-    int  dead_branch_active;
-    int  show_steal_in_same_party;
-    int  enable_upper_class;
-    int  mob_attack_attr_none;
-    int  mob_ghostring_fix;
-    int  pc_attack_attr_none;
-    int  item_rate_common, item_rate_card, item_rate_equip, item_rate_heal, item_rate_use;  // Added by RoVeRT, Additional Heal and Usable item rate by Val
-    int  item_drop_common_min, item_drop_common_max;    // Added by TyrNemesis^
-    int  item_drop_card_min, item_drop_card_max;
-    int  item_drop_equip_min, item_drop_equip_max;
-    int  item_drop_mvp_min, item_drop_mvp_max;  // End Addition
-    int  item_drop_heal_min, item_drop_heal_max;    // Added by Valatris
-    int  item_drop_use_min, item_drop_use_max;  //End
+    int warp_point_debug;
+    int enemy_critical;
+    int enemy_critical_rate;
+    int enemy_str;
+    int enemy_perfect_flee;
+    int cast_rate, delay_rate, delay_dependon_dex;
+    int sdelay_attack_enable;
+    int left_cardfix_to_right;
+    int pc_skill_add_range;
+    int skill_out_range_consume;
+    int mob_skill_add_range;
+    int pc_damage_delay;
+    int defnotenemy;
+    int random_monster_checklv;
+    int attr_recover;
+    int flooritem_lifetime;
+    int item_auto_get;
+    int item_first_get_time;
+    int item_second_get_time;
+    int item_third_get_time;
+    int base_exp_rate, job_exp_rate;
+    int death_penalty_type;
+    int death_penalty_base, death_penalty_job;
+    int pvp_exp;               // [MouseJstr]
+    int gtb_pvp_only;          // [MouseJstr]
+    int zeny_penalty;
+    int restart_hp_rate;
+    int restart_sp_rate;
+    int monster_hp_rate;
+    int monster_max_aspd;
+    int atc_gmonly;
+    int atc_spawn_quantity_limit;
+    int gm_allskill;
+    int gm_allskill_addabra;
+    int gm_allequip;
+    int gm_skilluncond;
+    int skillfree;
+    int skillup_limit;
+    int wp_rate;
+    int pp_rate;
+    int monster_active_enable;
+    int monster_loot_type;
+    int mob_skill_use;
+    int mob_count_rate;
+    int quest_skill_learn;
+    int quest_skill_reset;
+    int basic_skill_check;
+    int pc_invincible_time;
+    int skill_min_damage;
+    int finger_offensive_type;
+    int heal_exp;
+    int resurrection_exp;
+    int shop_exp;
+    int combo_delay_rate;
+    int item_check;
+    int wedding_modifydisplay;
+    int natural_healhp_interval;
+    int natural_healsp_interval;
+    int natural_heal_skill_interval;
+    int natural_heal_weight_rate;
+    int item_name_override_grffile;
+    int arrow_decrement;
+    int max_aspd;
+    int max_hp;
+    int max_sp;
+    int max_lv;
+    int max_parameter;
+    int max_cart_weight;
+    int pc_skill_log;
+    int mob_skill_log;
+    int battle_log;
+    int save_log;
+    int error_log;
+    int etc_log;
+    int save_clothcolor;
+    int undead_detect_type;
+    int pc_auto_counter_type;
+    int monster_auto_counter_type;
+    int agi_penaly_type;
+    int agi_penaly_count;
+    int agi_penaly_num;
+    int vit_penaly_type;
+    int vit_penaly_count;
+    int vit_penaly_num;
+    int pc_skill_reiteration;
+    int monster_skill_reiteration;
+    int pc_skill_nofootset;
+    int monster_skill_nofootset;
+    int pc_cloak_check_type;
+    int monster_cloak_check_type;
+    int mob_changetarget_byskill;
+    int pc_attack_direction_change;
+    int monster_attack_direction_change;
+    int pc_undead_nofreeze;
+    int pc_land_skill_limit;
+    int monster_land_skill_limit;
+    int party_skill_penaly;
+    int monster_class_change_full_recover;
+    int produce_item_name_input;
+    int produce_potion_name_input;
+    int making_arrow_name_input;
+    int holywater_name_input;
+    int display_delay_skill_fail;
+    int chat_warpportal;
+    int mob_warpportal;
+    int dead_branch_active;
+    int show_steal_in_same_party;
+    int enable_upper_class;
+    int mob_attack_attr_none;
+    int mob_ghostring_fix;
+    int pc_attack_attr_none;
 
-    int  prevent_logout;        // Added by RoVeRT
+    int prevent_logout;        // Added by RoVeRT
 
-    int  alchemist_summon_reward;   // [Valaris]
-    int  maximum_level;
-    int  drops_by_luk;
-    int  monsters_ignore_gm;
-    int  equipment_breaking;
-    int  equipment_break_rate;
-    int  multi_level_up;
-    int  pk_mode;
-    int  show_mob_hp;           // end additions [Valaris]
+    int alchemist_summon_reward;   // [Valaris]
+    int maximum_level;
+    int drops_by_luk;
+    int monsters_ignore_gm;
+    int multi_level_up;
+    int pk_mode;
+    int show_mob_hp;           // end additions [Valaris]
 
-    int  agi_penaly_count_lv;
-    int  vit_penaly_count_lv;
+    int agi_penaly_count_lv;
+    int vit_penaly_count_lv;
 
-    int  gx_allhit;
-    int  gx_cardfix;
-    int  gx_dupele;
-    int  gx_disptype;
-    int  player_skill_partner_check;
-    int  hide_GM_session;
-    int  unit_movement_type;
-    int  invite_request_check;
-    int  skill_removetrap_type;
-    int  disp_experience;
-    int  castle_defense_rate;
-    int  riding_weight;
-    int  backstab_bow_penalty;
+    int gx_allhit;
+    int gx_cardfix;
+    int gx_dupele;
+    int gx_disptype;
+    int player_skill_partner_check;
+    int hide_GM_session;
+    int unit_movement_type;
+    int invite_request_check;
+    int skill_removetrap_type;
+    int disp_experience;
+    int riding_weight;
+    int backstab_bow_penalty;
 
-    int  night_at_start;        // added by [Yor]
-    int  day_duration;          // added by [Yor]
-    int  night_duration;        // added by [Yor]
-    int  hack_info_GM_level;    // added by [Yor]
-    int  any_warp_GM_min_level; // added by [Yor]
-    int  packet_ver_flag;       // added by [Yor]
-    int  muting_players;        // added by [Apple]
+    int hack_info_GM_level;    // added by [Yor]
+    int any_warp_GM_min_level; // added by [Yor]
+    int packet_ver_flag;       // added by [Yor]
 
-    int  min_hair_style;        // added by [MouseJstr]
-    int  max_hair_style;        // added by [MouseJstr]
-    int  min_hair_color;        // added by [MouseJstr]
-    int  max_hair_color;        // added by [MouseJstr]
-    int  min_cloth_color;       // added by [MouseJstr]
-    int  max_cloth_color;       // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int min_hair_style;        // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int max_hair_style;        // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int min_hair_color;        // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int max_hair_color;        // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int min_cloth_color;       // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int max_cloth_color;       // added by [MouseJstr]
 
-    int  castrate_dex_scale;    // added by [MouseJstr]
-    int  area_size;             // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int castrate_dex_scale;    // added by [MouseJstr]
+    int area_size;             // added by [MouseJstr]
 
-    int  chat_lame_penalty;
-    int  chat_spam_threshold;
-    int  chat_spam_flood;
-    int  chat_spam_ban;
-    int  chat_spam_warn;
-    int  chat_maxline;
+    int chat_lame_penalty;
+    int chat_spam_threshold;
+    int chat_spam_flood;
+    int chat_spam_ban;
+    int chat_spam_warn;
+    int chat_maxline;
 
-    int  packet_spam_threshold;
-    int  packet_spam_flood;
-    int  packet_spam_kick;
+    int packet_spam_threshold;
+    int packet_spam_flood;
+    int packet_spam_kick;
 
-    int  mask_ip_gms;
+    int mask_ip_gms;
 
-    int  drop_pickup_safety_zone;   // [Fate] Max. distance to an object dropped by a kill by self in which dropsteal protection works
-    int  itemheal_regeneration_factor;  // [Fate] itemheal speed factor
+    int drop_pickup_safety_zone;   // [Fate] Max. distance to an object dropped by a kill by self in which dropsteal protection works
+    int itemheal_regeneration_factor;  // [Fate] itemheal speed factor
 
-    int  mob_splash_radius;
+    int mob_splash_radius;
 } battle_config;
 
-int  battle_config_read (const char *cfgName);
+int battle_config_read(const char *cfgName);
 
-#endif
+#endif // BATTLE_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/battle.t.hpp b/src/map/battle.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e374298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/battle.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#ifndef BATTLE_T_HPP
+#define BATTLE_T_HPP
+
+#include "../common/utils2.hpp"
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class BF : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO        = 0x0000,
+    NEGATIVE_1  = 0xffff,
+
+    WEAPON      = 0x0001,
+    MAGIC       = 0x0002,
+    MISC        = 0x0004,
+    SHORT       = 0x0010,
+    LONG        = 0x0040,
+    SKILL       = 0x0100,
+    NORMAL      = 0x0200,
+    WEAPONMASK  = 0x000f,
+    RANGEMASK   = 0x00f0,
+    SKILLMASK   = 0x0f00,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(BF)
+}
+using e::BF;
+
+struct BCT
+{
+                        // former representation:
+    uint8_t lo;         // 0x 00 00 00 ff
+    uint8_t mid;        // 0x 00 00 ff 00
+    uint8_t classic:4;  // 0x 00 0f 00 00
+    uint8_t level:4;    // 0x 00 f0 00 00
+    uint8_t unused;     // 0x ff 00 00 00
+
+    explicit
+    operator bool() { return lo || mid || classic || level || unused; }
+};
+
+constexpr
+BCT operator & (BCT l, BCT r) { return {uint8_t(l.lo & r.lo), uint8_t(l.mid & r.mid), uint8_t(l.classic & r.classic), uint8_t(l.level & r.level), uint8_t(l.unused & r.unused) }; }
+constexpr
+BCT operator | (BCT l, BCT r) { return {uint8_t(l.lo | r.lo), uint8_t(l.mid | r.mid), uint8_t(l.classic | r.classic), uint8_t(l.level | r.level), uint8_t(l.unused | r.unused) }; }
+constexpr
+BCT operator ^ (BCT l, BCT r) { return {uint8_t(l.lo ^ r.lo), uint8_t(l.mid ^ r.mid), uint8_t(l.classic ^ r.classic), uint8_t(l.level ^ r.level), uint8_t(l.unused ^ r.unused) }; }
+inline
+BCT& operator &= (BCT& l, BCT r) { return l = l & r; }
+inline
+BCT& operator |= (BCT& l, BCT r) { return l = l & r; }
+inline
+BCT& operator ^= (BCT& l, BCT r) { return l = l & r; }
+// BCT operator ~(BCT r);
+
+constexpr
+bool operator == (BCT l, BCT r) { return l.lo == r.lo && l.mid == r.mid && l.classic == r.classic && l.level == r.level && l.unused == r.unused; }
+constexpr
+bool operator != (BCT l, BCT r) { return !(l == r); }
+
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_NOENEMY = {0x00, 0x00, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_ZERO = BCT_NOENEMY;
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_PARTY   = {0x00, 0x00, 0x1, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_ENEMY   = {0x00, 0x00, 0x4, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_NOPARTY = {0x00, 0x00, 0x5, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_ALL     = {0x00, 0x00, 0x2, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_NOONE   = {0x00, 0x00, 0x6, 0x0, 0x00};
+
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_lo_x01  = {0x01, 0x00, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_lo_x02  = {0x02, 0x00, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_mid_x05 = {0x00, 0x05, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00};
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_mid_x80 = {0x00, 0x80, 0x0, 0x0, 0x00};
+
+constexpr
+BCT BCT_highnib = {0x00, 0x00, 0x0, 0xf, 0x00};
+
+enum class Element : uint8_t
+{
+    neutral = 0,
+    water   = 1,
+    earth   = 2,
+    fire    = 3,
+    wind    = 4,
+    poison  = 5,
+    _holy   = 6,
+    dark    = 7,
+    _spirit = 8,
+    undead  = 9,
+
+    COUNT   = 10,
+};
+
+enum class Race : uint8_t
+{
+    formless    = 0,
+    undead      = 1,
+    _brute      = 2,
+    plant       = 3,
+    _insect     = 4,
+    _fish       = 5,
+    _demon      = 6,
+    demihuman   = 7,
+    _angel      = 8,
+    _dragon     = 9,
+    // special - one of these is applied in addition
+    boss        = 10,
+    other       = 11,
+
+    COUNT       = 12,
+};
+
+struct LevelElement
+{
+    uint8_t level;
+    Element element;
+
+    static
+    LevelElement unpack(int packed)
+    {
+        LevelElement le;
+        le.element = static_cast<Element>(packed % 10);
+        le.level = packed / 10;
+        return le;
+    }
+    int pack() const
+    {
+        return level * 10 + static_cast<uint8_t>(element);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class Elements : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO    = 0x0000,
+    neutral = 1 << 0,
+    water   = 1 << 1,
+    earth   = 1 << 2,
+    fire    = 1 << 3,
+    wind    = 1 << 4,
+    poison  = 1 << 5,
+    _holy   = 1 << 6,
+    dark    = 1 << 7,
+    _spirit = 1 << 8,
+    undead  = 1 << 9,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(Elements)
+
+enum class Races : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO        = 0x0000,
+    formless    = 1 << 0,
+    undead      = 1 << 1,
+    _brute      = 1 << 2,
+    plant       = 1 << 3,
+    _insect     = 1 << 4,
+    _fish       = 1 << 5,
+    _demon      = 1 << 6,
+    demihuman   = 1 << 7,
+    _angel      = 1 << 8,
+    _dragon     = 1 << 9,
+    // special - one of these is applied in addition
+    boss        = 1 << 10,
+    other       = 1 << 11,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(Races)
+}
+using e::Elements;
+using e::Races;
+
+constexpr
+earray<Elements, Element, Element::COUNT> element_shift //=
+{{
+    Elements::neutral,
+    Elements::water,
+    Elements::earth,
+    Elements::fire,
+    Elements::wind,
+    Elements::poison,
+    Elements::_holy,
+    Elements::dark,
+    Elements::_spirit,
+    Elements::undead,
+}};
+
+constexpr
+earray<Races, Race, Race::COUNT> race_shift //=
+{{
+    Races::formless,
+    Races::undead,
+    Races::_brute,
+    Races::plant,
+    Races::_insect,
+    Races::_fish,
+    Races::_demon,
+    Races::demihuman,
+    Races::_angel,
+    Races::_dragon,
+    Races::boss,
+    Races::other,
+}};
+
+enum class DamageType : uint8_t
+{
+    NORMAL      = 0x00,
+    TAKEITEM    = 0x01,
+    RETURNED    = 0x04,
+    DOUBLED     = 0x08,
+    CRITICAL    = 0x0a,
+    FLEE2       = 0x0b,
+};
+
+#endif // BATTLE_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/chat.cpp b/src/map/chat.cpp
index cb274f8..0d3bb95 100644
--- a/src/map/chat.cpp
+++ b/src/map/chat.cpp
@@ -1,117 +1,33 @@
-// $Id: chat.c,v 1.2 2004/09/22 02:59:47 Akitasha Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
-#include "clif.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "chat.hpp"
-#include "npc.hpp"
-
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-int  chat_triggerevent (struct chat_data *cd);
-
-/*==========================================
- * �ャットルーム作�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int chat_createchat (struct map_session_data *sd, int limit, int pub,
-                     const char *pass, const char *title, int titlelen)
-{
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    CREATE(cd, struct chat_data, 1);
-
-    cd->limit = limit;
-    cd->pub = pub;
-    cd->users = 1;
-    memcpy (cd->pass, pass, 8);
-    if (titlelen >= sizeof (cd->title) - 1)
-        titlelen = sizeof (cd->title) - 1;
-    memcpy (cd->title, title, titlelen);
-    cd->title[titlelen] = 0;
-
-    cd->owner = (struct block_list **) (&cd->usersd[0]);
-    cd->usersd[0] = sd;
-    cd->bl.m = sd->bl.m;
-    cd->bl.x = sd->bl.x;
-    cd->bl.y = sd->bl.y;
-    cd->bl.type = BL_CHAT;
-
-    cd->bl.id = map_addobject (&cd->bl);
-    if (cd->bl.id == 0)
-    {
-        clif_createchat (sd, 1);
-        free (cd);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    pc_setchatid (sd, cd->bl.id);
-
-    clif_createchat (sd, 0);
-    clif_dispchat (cd, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 既存�ャットルーム��加
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int chat_joinchat (struct map_session_data *sd, int chatid, const char *pass)
-{
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (chatid);
-    if (cd == NULL)
-        return 1;
 
-    if (cd->bl.m != sd->bl.m || cd->limit <= cd->users)
-    {
-        clif_joinchatfail (sd, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (cd->pub == 0 && strncmp (pass, cd->pass, 8))
-    {
-        clif_joinchatfail (sd, 1);
-        return 0;
-    }
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
-    cd->usersd[cd->users] = sd;
-    cd->users++;
-
-    pc_setchatid (sd, cd->bl.id);
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 
-    clif_joinchatok (sd, cd);   // 新���加��人��全員�リスト
-    clif_addchat (cd, sd);      // 既�中�居�人��追加��人�報告
-    clif_dispchat (cd, 0);      // 周囲�人��人数変化報告
+#include "map.hpp"
+#include "npc.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
 
-    chat_triggerevent (cd);     // イベント
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-    return 0;
-}
+static
+int chat_triggerevent(struct chat_data *cd);
+static
+int chat_npckickall(struct chat_data *cd);
 
 /*==========================================
  * �ャットルーム�ら抜�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_leavechat (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int chat_leavechat(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct chat_data *cd;
-    int  i, leavechar;
+    int i, leavechar;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
-    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (sd->chatID);
+    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl(sd->chatID);
     if (cd == NULL)
         return 1;
 
@@ -126,144 +42,25 @@ int chat_leavechat (struct map_session_data *sd)
     if (leavechar < 0)          // ��chat�所属�����ら�� (�グ時��)
         return -1;
 
-    if (leavechar == 0 && cd->users > 1 && (*cd->owner)->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        // 所有者���&他�人�居る&PC��ャット
-        clif_changechatowner (cd, cd->usersd[1]);
-        clif_clearchat (cd, 0);
-    }
-
-    // 抜�るPC�も�る��usersを減ら���実行
-    clif_leavechat (cd, sd);
-
     cd->users--;
-    pc_setchatid (sd, 0);
+    pc_setchatid(sd, 0);
 
-    if (cd->users == 0 && (*cd->owner)->type == BL_PC)
+    if (cd->users == 0 && (*cd->owner)->type == BL::PC)
     {
         // 全員居�����&PC��ャット���消�
-        clif_clearchat (cd, 0);
-        map_delobject (cd->bl.id, BL_CHAT); // free�����れる
+        map_delobject(cd->bl.id, BL::CHAT); // free�����れる
     }
     else
     {
         for (i = leavechar; i < cd->users; i++)
             cd->usersd[i] = cd->usersd[i + 1];
-        if (leavechar == 0 && (*cd->owner)->type == BL_PC)
+        if (leavechar == 0 && (*cd->owner)->type == BL::PC)
         {
             // PC��ャット���所有者�抜�����置変更
             cd->bl.x = cd->usersd[0]->bl.x;
             cd->bl.y = cd->usersd[0]->bl.y;
         }
-        clif_dispchat (cd, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �ャットルーム���主を譲る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int chat_changechatowner (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nextownername)
-{
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-    struct map_session_data *tmp_sd;
-    int  i, nextowner;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-
-    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (sd->chatID);
-    if (cd == NULL || (struct block_list *) sd != (*cd->owner))
-        return 1;
-
-    for (i = 1, nextowner = -1; i < cd->users; i++)
-    {
-        if (strcmp (cd->usersd[i]->status.name, nextownername) == 0)
-        {
-            nextowner = i;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (nextowner < 0)          // �ん�人�居��
-        return -1;
-
-    clif_changechatowner (cd, cd->usersd[nextowner]);
-    // 一旦消�
-    clif_clearchat (cd, 0);
-
-    // userlist�順番変更 (0�所有者���)
-    if ((tmp_sd = cd->usersd[0]) == NULL)
-        return 1;               //�り�る���？
-    cd->usersd[0] = cd->usersd[nextowner];
-    cd->usersd[nextowner] = tmp_sd;
-
-    // 新��所有者��置�変更
-    cd->bl.x = cd->usersd[0]->bl.x;
-    cd->bl.y = cd->usersd[0]->bl.y;
-
-    // �度表示
-    clif_dispchat (cd, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �ャット�状態(タイトル等)を変更
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int chat_changechatstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int limit, int pub,
-                           const char *pass, const char *title, int titlelen)
-{
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-
-    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (sd->chatID);
-    if (cd == NULL || (struct block_list *) sd != (*cd->owner))
-        return 1;
-
-    cd->limit = limit;
-    cd->pub = pub;
-    memcpy (cd->pass, pass, 8);
-    if (titlelen >= sizeof (cd->title) - 1)
-        titlelen = sizeof (cd->title) - 1;
-    memcpy (cd->title, title, titlelen);
-    cd->title[titlelen] = 0;
-
-    clif_changechatstatus (cd);
-    clif_dispchat (cd, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �ャットルーム�ら蹴り出�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int chat_kickchat (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *kickusername)
-{
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-    int  i, kickuser;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-
-    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (sd->chatID);
-    if (cd == NULL || (struct block_list *) sd != (*cd->owner))
-        return 1;
-
-    for (i = 0, kickuser = -1; i < cd->users; i++)
-    {
-        if (strcmp (cd->usersd[i]->status.name, kickusername) == 0)
-        {
-            kickuser = i;
-            break;
-        }
     }
-    if (kickuser < 0)           // �ん�人�居��
-        return -1;
-
-    chat_leavechat (cd->usersd[kickuser]);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -272,44 +69,42 @@ int chat_kickchat (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *kickusername)
  * npc�ャットルーム作�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_createnpcchat (struct npc_data *nd, int limit, int pub, int trigger,
+int chat_createnpcchat(struct npc_data *nd, int limit, int pub, int trigger,
                         const char *title, int titlelen, const char *ev)
 {
     struct chat_data *cd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, nd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, nd);
 
-    CREATE (cd, struct chat_data, 1);
+    CREATE(cd, struct chat_data, 1);
 
     cd->limit = cd->trigger = limit;
     if (trigger > 0)
         cd->trigger = trigger;
     cd->pub = pub;
     cd->users = 0;
-    memcpy (cd->pass, "", 8);
-    if (titlelen >= sizeof (cd->title) - 1)
-        titlelen = sizeof (cd->title) - 1;
-    memcpy (cd->title, title, titlelen);
+    memcpy(cd->pass, "", 8);
+    if (titlelen >= sizeof(cd->title) - 1)
+        titlelen = sizeof(cd->title) - 1;
+    memcpy(cd->title, title, titlelen);
     cd->title[titlelen] = 0;
 
     cd->bl.m = nd->bl.m;
     cd->bl.x = nd->bl.x;
     cd->bl.y = nd->bl.y;
-    cd->bl.type = BL_CHAT;
+    cd->bl.type = BL::CHAT;
     cd->owner_ = (struct block_list *) nd;
     cd->owner = &cd->owner_;
-    memcpy (cd->npc_event, ev, sizeof (cd->npc_event));
+    memcpy(cd->npc_event, ev, sizeof(cd->npc_event));
 
-    cd->bl.id = map_addobject (&cd->bl);
+    cd->bl.id = map_addobject(&cd->bl);
     if (cd->bl.id == 0)
     {
-        free (cd);
+        free(cd);
         return 0;
     }
     nd->chat_id = cd->bl.id;
 
-    clif_dispchat (cd, 0);
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -317,16 +112,16 @@ int chat_createnpcchat (struct npc_data *nd, int limit, int pub, int trigger,
  * npc�ャットルーム削除
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_deletenpcchat (struct npc_data *nd)
+int chat_deletenpcchat(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
     struct chat_data *cd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id));
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
+    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl(nd->chat_id);
+    nullpo_ret(cd);
 
-    chat_npckickall (cd);
-    clif_clearchat (cd, 0);
-    map_delobject (cd->bl.id, BL_CHAT); // free�����れる
+    chat_npckickall(cd);
+    map_delobject(cd->bl.id, BL::CHAT); // free�����れる
     nd->chat_id = 0;
 
     return 0;
@@ -336,12 +131,12 @@ int chat_deletenpcchat (struct npc_data *nd)
  * �定人数以上�イベント�定義�れ�る�ら実行
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_triggerevent (struct chat_data *cd)
+int chat_triggerevent(struct chat_data *cd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
+    nullpo_ret(cd);
 
     if (cd->users >= cd->trigger && cd->npc_event[0])
-        npc_event_do (cd->npc_event);
+        npc_event_do(cd->npc_event);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -349,12 +144,12 @@ int chat_triggerevent (struct chat_data *cd)
  * イベント�有効化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_enableevent (struct chat_data *cd)
+int chat_enableevent(struct chat_data *cd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
+    nullpo_ret(cd);
 
     cd->trigger &= 0x7f;
-    chat_triggerevent (cd);
+    chat_triggerevent(cd);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -362,9 +157,9 @@ int chat_enableevent (struct chat_data *cd)
  * イベント�無効化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_disableevent (struct chat_data *cd)
+int chat_disableevent(struct chat_data *cd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
+    nullpo_ret(cd);
 
     cd->trigger |= 0x80;
     return 0;
@@ -374,22 +169,13 @@ int chat_disableevent (struct chat_data *cd)
  * �ャットルーム�ら全員蹴り出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chat_npckickall (struct chat_data *cd)
+int chat_npckickall(struct chat_data *cd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
+    nullpo_ret(cd);
 
     while (cd->users > 0)
     {
-        chat_leavechat (cd->usersd[cd->users - 1]);
+        chat_leavechat(cd->usersd[cd->users - 1]);
     }
     return 0;
 }
-
-/*==========================================
- * 終了
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int do_final_chat (void)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/map/chat.hpp b/src/map/chat.hpp
index fca9217..ead7b49 100644
--- a/src/map/chat.hpp
+++ b/src/map/chat.hpp
@@ -1,25 +1,12 @@
-// $Id: chat.h,v 1.3 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef CHAT_HPP
 #define CHAT_HPP
 
-#include "map.hpp"
+int chat_leavechat(struct map_session_data *);
 
-int  chat_createchat (struct map_session_data *, int, int, const char *, const char *,
-                      int);
-int  chat_joinchat (struct map_session_data *, int, const char *);
-int  chat_leavechat (struct map_session_data *);
-int  chat_changechatowner (struct map_session_data *, const char *);
-int  chat_changechatstatus (struct map_session_data *, int, int, const char *,
-                            const char *, int);
-int  chat_kickchat (struct map_session_data *, const char *);
+int chat_createnpcchat(struct npc_data *nd, int limit, int pub, int trigger,
+        const char *title, int titlelen, const char *ev);
+int chat_deletenpcchat(struct npc_data *nd);
+int chat_enableevent(struct chat_data *cd);
+int chat_disableevent(struct chat_data *cd);
 
-int  chat_createnpcchat (struct npc_data *nd, int limit, int pub, int trigger,
-                         const char *title, int titlelen, const char *ev);
-int  chat_deletenpcchat (struct npc_data *nd);
-int  chat_enableevent (struct chat_data *cd);
-int  chat_disableevent (struct chat_data *cd);
-int  chat_npckickall (struct chat_data *cd);
-
-int  do_final_chat (void);
-
-#endif
+#endif // CHAT_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/chrif.cpp b/src/map/chrif.cpp
index 24d5d26..6742f88 100644
--- a/src/map/chrif.cpp
+++ b/src/map/chrif.cpp
@@ -1,71 +1,66 @@
-// $Id: chrif.c,v 1.6 2004/09/25 11:39:17 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#ifdef LCCWIN32
-#include <winsock.h>
-#else
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include "chrif.hpp"
+
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#endif
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <time.h>
 
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils.hpp"
+
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "chrif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
+#include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "map.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "storage.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-static const int packet_len_table[0x20] = {
+static
+const int packet_len_table[0x20] = {
     60, 3, 10, 27, 22, -1, 6, -1,   // 2af8-2aff
     6, -1, 18, 7, -1, 49, 44, 0,    // 2b00-2b07
     6, 30, -1, 10, 86, 7, 44, 34,   // 2b08-2b0f
     -1, -1, 10, 6, 11, -1, 0, 0,    // 2b10-2b17
 };
 
-int  char_fd;
-int  srvinfo;
-static char char_ip_str[16];
-static int char_ip;
-static int char_port = 6121;
-static char userid[24], passwd[24];
-static int chrif_state;
+int char_fd;
+static
+char char_ip_str[16];
+static
+int char_ip;
+static
+int char_port = 6121;
+static
+char userid[24], passwd[24];
+static
+int chrif_state;
 
 // 設定ファイル読�込�関係
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void chrif_setuserid (char *id)
+void chrif_setuserid(const char *id)
 {
-    strncpy (userid, id, sizeof(userid)-1);
-    userid[sizeof(userid)-1] = '\0';
+    strzcpy(userid, id, sizeof(userid));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void chrif_setpasswd (char *pwd)
+void chrif_setpasswd(const char *pwd)
 {
-    strncpy (passwd, pwd, sizeof(passwd)-1);
-    passwd[sizeof(passwd)-1] = '\0';
+    strzcpy(passwd, pwd, sizeof(passwd));
 }
 
-char *chrif_getpasswd (void)
+char *chrif_getpasswd(void)
 {
     return passwd;
 }
@@ -74,18 +69,17 @@ char *chrif_getpasswd (void)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void chrif_setip (char *ip)
+void chrif_setip(const char *ip)
 {
-    strncpy (char_ip_str, ip, sizeof(char_ip_str)-1);
-    char_ip_str[sizeof(char_ip_str)-1] = '\0';
-    char_ip = inet_addr (char_ip_str);
+    strzcpy(char_ip_str, ip, sizeof(char_ip_str));
+    char_ip = inet_addr(char_ip_str);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void chrif_setport (int port)
+void chrif_setport(int port)
 {
     char_port = port;
 }
@@ -94,7 +88,7 @@ void chrif_setport (int port)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_isconnect (void)
+int chrif_isconnect(void)
 {
     return chrif_state == 2;
 }
@@ -103,28 +97,25 @@ int chrif_isconnect (void)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_save (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int chrif_save(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     if (char_fd < 0)
         return -1;
 
-    pc_makesavestatus (sd);
+    pc_makesavestatus(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b01;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 2) = sizeof (sd->status) + 12;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 4) = sd->bl.id;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 8) = sd->char_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 12), &sd->status, sizeof (sd->status));
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, WFIFOW (char_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b01;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = sizeof(sd->status) + 12;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = sd->bl.id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 8) = sd->char_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 12), &sd->status, sizeof(sd->status));
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
 
     //For data sync
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storage_save (sd->status.account_id, 0);
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storagesave (sd->status.account_id, sd->status.guild_id,
-                                   0);
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
+        storage_storage_save(sd->status.account_id, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -134,15 +125,15 @@ int chrif_save (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_connect (int fd)
+int chrif_connect(int fd)
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2af8;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), userid, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 26), passwd, 24);
-    WFIFOL (fd, 50) = 0;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 54) = clif_getip ().s_addr;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 58) = clif_getport ();  // [Valaris] thanks to fov
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 60);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2af8;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2), userid, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 26), passwd, 24);
+    WFIFOL(fd, 50) = 0;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 54) = clif_getip().s_addr;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 58) = clif_getport();  // [Valaris] thanks to fov
+    WFIFOSET(fd, 60);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -152,18 +143,18 @@ int chrif_connect (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_sendmap (int fd)
+int chrif_sendmap(int fd)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x2afa;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x2afa;
     for (i = 0; i < map_num; i++)
         if (map[i].alias[0] != '\0')    // [MouseJstr] map aliasing
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4 + i * 16), map[i].alias, 16);
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4 + i * 16), map[i].alias, 16);
         else
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4 + i * 16), map[i].name, 16);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 4 + i * 16;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4 + i * 16), map[i].name, 16);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + i * 16;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -173,24 +164,24 @@ int chrif_sendmap (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_recvmap (int fd)
+int chrif_recvmap(int fd)
 {
-    int  i, j, port;
+    int i, j, port;
 
     if (chrif_state < 2)        // ��準備中
         return -1;
 
     struct in_addr ip;
-    ip.s_addr = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-    port = RFIFOW (fd, 8);
-    for (i = 10, j = 0; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i += 16, j++)
+    ip.s_addr = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
+    port = RFIFOW(fd, 8);
+    for (i = 10, j = 0; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i += 16, j++)
     {
-        map_setipport ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, i), ip, port);
+        map_setipport((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, i), ip, port);
 //      if (battle_config.etc_log)
-//          printf("recv map %d %s\n", j, RFIFOP(fd,i));
+//          PRINTF("recv map %d %s\n", j, RFIFOP(fd,i));
     }
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("recv map on %s:%d (%d maps)\n", ip2str(ip), port, j);
+        PRINTF("recv map on %s:%d (%d maps)\n", ip2str(ip), port, j);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -199,12 +190,12 @@ int chrif_recvmap (int fd)
  * マップ鯖間移動����データ準備�求
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *sd, char *name, int x,
+int chrif_changemapserver(struct map_session_data *sd, char *name, int x,
                            int y, struct in_addr ip, short port)
 {
-    int  i, s_ip;
+    int i, s_ip;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     s_ip = 0;
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
@@ -214,19 +205,19 @@ int chrif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *sd, char *name, int x,
             break;
         }
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b05;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 14) = sd->status.char_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 18), name, 16);
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 34) = x;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 36) = y;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 38) = ip.s_addr;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 42) = port;
-    WFIFOB (char_fd, 44) = sd->status.sex;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 45) = s_ip;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 49);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b05;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 14) = sd->status.char_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 18), name, 16);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 34) = x;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 36) = y;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 38) = ip.s_addr;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 42) = port;
+    WFIFOB(char_fd, 44) = sd->status.sex;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 45) = s_ip;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 49);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -236,22 +227,22 @@ int chrif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *sd, char *name, int x,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_changemapserverack (int fd)
+int chrif_changemapserverack(int fd)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 
-    if (sd == NULL || sd->status.char_id != RFIFOL (fd, 14))
+    if (sd == NULL || sd->status.char_id != RFIFOL(fd, 14))
         return -1;
 
-    if (RFIFOL (fd, 6) == 1)
+    if (RFIFOL(fd, 6) == 1)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map server change failed.\n");
-        pc_authfail (sd->fd);
+            PRINTF("map server change failed.\n");
+        pc_authfail(sd->fd);
         return 0;
     }
-    clif_changemapserver (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 18), RFIFOW (fd, 34),
-                          RFIFOW (fd, 36), in_addr{RFIFOL (fd, 38)}, RFIFOW (fd, 42));
+    clif_changemapserver(sd, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 18), RFIFOW(fd, 34),
+                          RFIFOW(fd, 36), in_addr{RFIFOL(fd, 38)}, RFIFOW(fd, 42));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -261,25 +252,25 @@ int chrif_changemapserverack (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_connectack (int fd)
+int chrif_connectack(int fd)
 {
-    if (RFIFOB (fd, 2))
+    if (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
     {
-        printf ("Connected to char-server failed %d.\n", RFIFOB (fd, 2));
-        exit (1);
+        PRINTF("Connected to char-server failed %d.\n", RFIFOB(fd, 2));
+        exit(1);
     }
-    printf ("Connected to char-server (connection #%d).\n", fd);
+    PRINTF("Connected to char-server (connection #%d).\n", fd);
     chrif_state = 1;
 
-    chrif_sendmap (fd);
+    chrif_sendmap(fd);
 
-    printf ("chrif: OnCharIfInit event done. (%d events)\n",
-            npc_event_doall ("OnCharIfInit"));
-    printf ("chrif: OnInterIfInit event done. (%d events)\n",
-            npc_event_doall ("OnInterIfInit"));
+    PRINTF("chrif: OnCharIfInit event done. (%d events)\n",
+            npc_event_doall("OnCharIfInit"));
+    PRINTF("chrif: OnInterIfInit event done. (%d events)\n",
+            npc_event_doall("OnInterIfInit"));
 
     // <Agit> Run Event [AgitInit]
-//  printf("NPC_Event:[OnAgitInit] do (%d) events (Agit Initialize).\n", npc_event_doall("OnAgitInit"));
+//  PRINTF("NPC_Event:[OnAgitInit] do (%d) events (Agit Initialize).\n", npc_event_doall("OnAgitInit"));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -289,16 +280,16 @@ int chrif_connectack (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_sendmapack (int fd)
+int chrif_sendmapack(int fd)
 {
-    if (RFIFOB (fd, 2))
+    if (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
     {
-        printf ("chrif : send map list to char server failed %d\n",
-                RFIFOB (fd, 2));
-        exit (1);
+        PRINTF("chrif : send map list to char server failed %d\n",
+                RFIFOB(fd, 2));
+        exit(1);
     }
 
-    memcpy (wisp_server_name, RFIFOP (fd, 3), 24);
+    memcpy(wisp_server_name, RFIFOP(fd, 3), 24);
 
     chrif_state = 2;
 
@@ -309,11 +300,11 @@ int chrif_sendmapack (int fd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_authreq (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int chrif_authreq(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     if (!sd || !char_fd || !sd->bl.id || !sd->login_id1)
         return -1;
@@ -321,13 +312,13 @@ int chrif_authreq (struct map_session_data *sd)
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         if (session[i] && session[i]->session_data == sd)
         {
-            WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2afc;
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, 6) = sd->char_id;
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id1;
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, 14) = sd->login_id2;
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, 18) = session[i]->client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
-            WFIFOSET (char_fd, 22);
+            WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2afc;
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->char_id;
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id1;
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, 14) = sd->login_id2;
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, 18) = session[i]->client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
+            WFIFOSET(char_fd, 22);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -338,11 +329,11 @@ int chrif_authreq (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_charselectreq (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int chrif_charselectreq(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, s_ip;
+    int i, s_ip;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     if (!sd || !char_fd || !sd->bl.id || !sd->login_id1)
         return -1;
@@ -355,12 +346,12 @@ int chrif_charselectreq (struct map_session_data *sd)
             break;
         }
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b02;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 14) = s_ip;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 18);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b02;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->login_id1;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 10) = sd->login_id2;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 14) = s_ip;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 18);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -369,14 +360,14 @@ int chrif_charselectreq (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * キャラ������
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_searchcharid (int char_id)
+int chrif_searchcharid(int char_id)
 {
     if (!char_id)
         return -1;
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b08;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = char_id;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b08;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = char_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -385,16 +376,16 @@ int chrif_searchcharid (int char_id)
  * GM�変化�求
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_changegm (int id, const char *pass, int len)
+int chrif_changegm(int id, const char *pass, int len)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("chrif_changegm: account: %d, password: '%s'.\n", id, pass);
+        PRINTF("chrif_changegm: account: %d, password: '%s'.\n", id, pass);
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0a;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 2) = len + 8;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 4) = id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 8), pass, len);
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, len + 8);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0a;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = len + 8;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 8), pass, len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, len + 8);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -403,19 +394,18 @@ int chrif_changegm (int id, const char *pass, int len)
  * Change Email
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_changeemail (int id, const char *actual_email,
+int chrif_changeemail(int id, const char *actual_email,
                        const char *new_email)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf
-            ("chrif_changeemail: account: %d, actual_email: '%s', new_email: '%s'.\n",
+        PRINTF("chrif_changeemail: account: %d, actual_email: '%s', new_email: '%s'.\n",
              id, actual_email, new_email);
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0c;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 6), actual_email, 40);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 46), new_email, 40);
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 86);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0c;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 6), actual_email, 40);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 46), new_email, 40);
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 86);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -431,25 +421,25 @@ int chrif_changeemail (int id, const char *actual_email,
  *   5: changesex
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_char_ask_name (int id, char *character_name, short operation_type,
+int chrif_char_ask_name(int id, char *character_name, short operation_type,
                          int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute,
                          int second)
 {
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0e;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = id;   // account_id of who ask (for answer) -1 if nobody
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 6), character_name, 24);
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 30) = operation_type;  // type of operation
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b0e;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = id;   // account_id of who ask (for answer) -1 if nobody
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 6), character_name, 24);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 30) = operation_type;  // type of operation
     if (operation_type == 2)
     {
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 32) = year;
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 34) = month;
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 36) = day;
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 38) = hour;
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 40) = minute;
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 42) = second;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 32) = year;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 34) = month;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 36) = day;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 38) = hour;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 40) = minute;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 42) = second;
     }
-    printf ("chrif : sended 0x2b0e\n");
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 44);
+    PRINTF("chrif : sended 0x2b0e\n");
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 44);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -471,169 +461,167 @@ int chrif_char_ask_name (int id, char *character_name, short operation_type,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_char_ask_name_answer (int fd)
+int chrif_char_ask_name_answer(int fd)
 {
-    int  acc;
+    int acc;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    char output[256];
     char player_name[24];
 
-    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);       // account_id of who has asked (-1 if nobody)
-    memcpy (player_name, RFIFOP (fd, 6), sizeof (player_name));
-    player_name[sizeof (player_name) - 1] = '\0';
+    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);       // account_id of who has asked (-1 if nobody)
+    memcpy(player_name, RFIFOP(fd, 6), sizeof(player_name));
+    player_name[sizeof(player_name) - 1] = '\0';
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (acc);
+    sd = map_id2sd(acc);
     if (acc >= 0 && sd != NULL)
     {
-        if (RFIFOW (fd, 32) == 1)   // player not found
-            sprintf (output, "The player '%s' doesn't exist.", player_name);
+        std::string output;
+        if (RFIFOW(fd, 32) == 1)   // player not found
+            output = STRPRINTF("The player '%s' doesn't exist.",
+                    player_name);
         else
         {
-            switch (RFIFOW (fd, 30))
+            switch (RFIFOW(fd, 30))
             {
                 case 1:        // block
-                    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server has been asked to block the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server has been asked to block the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                             //case 1: // player not found
                         case 2:    // gm level too low
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Your GM level don't authorise you to block the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Your GM level don't authorise you to block the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                         case 3:    // login-server offline
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server is offline. Impossible to block the the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server is offline. Impossible to block the the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                     }
                     break;
                 case 2:        // ban
-                    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server has been asked to ban the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server has been asked to ban the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                             //case 1: // player not found
                         case 2:    // gm level too low
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Your GM level don't authorise you to ban the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Your GM level don't authorise you to ban the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                         case 3:    // login-server offline
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server is offline. Impossible to ban the the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server is offline. Impossible to ban the the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                     }
                     break;
                 case 3:        // unblock
-                    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server has been asked to unblock the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server has been asked to unblock the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                             //case 1: // player not found
                         case 2:    // gm level too low
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Your GM level don't authorise you to unblock the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Your GM level don't authorise you to unblock the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                         case 3:    // login-server offline
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server is offline. Impossible to unblock the the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server is offline. Impossible to unblock the the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                     }
                     break;
                 case 4:        // unban
-                    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server has been asked to unban the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server has been asked to unban the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                             //case 1: // player not found
                         case 2:    // gm level too low
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Your GM level don't authorise you to unban the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Your GM level don't authorise you to unban the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                         case 3:    // login-server offline
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server is offline. Impossible to unban the the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server is offline. Impossible to unban the the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                     }
                     break;
                 case 5:        // changesex
-                    switch (RFIFOW (fd, 32))
+                    switch (RFIFOW(fd, 32))
                     {
                         case 0:    // login-server resquest done
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server has been asked to change the sex of the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server has been asked to change the sex of the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                             //case 1: // player not found
                         case 2:    // gm level too low
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Your GM level don't authorise you to change the sex of the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Your GM level don't authorise you to change the sex of the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                         case 3:    // login-server offline
-                            sprintf (output,
-                                     "Login-server is offline. Impossible to change the sex of the the player '%s'.",
-                                     player_name);
+                            output = STRPRINTF(
+                                    "Login-server is offline. Impossible to change the sex of the the player '%s'.",
+                                    player_name);
                             break;
                     }
                     break;
             }
         }
-        if (output[0] != '\0')
-        {
-            output[sizeof (output) - 1] = '\0';
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, output);
-        }
+        if (!output.empty())
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, output);
     }
     else
-        printf ("chrif_char_ask_name_answer failed - player not online.\n");
+        PRINTF("chrif_char_ask_name_answer failed - player not online.\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * End of GM change (@GM) (modified by Yor)
+ * End of GM change(@GM) (modified by Yor)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_changedgm (int fd)
+int chrif_changedgm(int fd)
 {
-    int  acc, level;
+    int acc, level;
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    level = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
+    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    level = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (acc);
+    sd = map_id2sd(acc);
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("chrif_changedgm: account: %d, GM level 0 -> %d.\n", acc,
+        PRINTF("chrif_changedgm: account: %d, GM level 0 -> %d.\n", acc,
                 level);
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
         if (level > 0)
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "GM modification success.");
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "GM modification success.");
         else
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "Failure of GM modification.");
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Failure of GM modification.");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -644,68 +632,42 @@ int chrif_changedgm (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_changedsex (int fd)
+int chrif_changedsex(int fd)
 {
-    int  acc, sex, i;
+    int acc, sex, i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    sex = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
+    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    sex = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("chrif_changedsex %d.\n", acc);
-    sd = map_id2sd (acc);
+        PRINTF("chrif_changedsex %d.\n", acc);
+    sd = map_id2sd(acc);
     if (acc > 0)
     {
         if (sd != NULL && sd->status.sex != sex)
         {
-            s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-            if (sd->status.sex == 0)
-            {
-                sd->status.sex = 1;
-                sd->sex = 1;
-            }
-            else if (sd->status.sex == 1)
-            {
-                sd->status.sex = 0;
-                sd->sex = 0;
-            }
+            sd->sex = sd->status.sex = !sd->status.sex;
             // to avoid any problem with equipment and invalid sex, equipment is unequiped.
             for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
             {
                 if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid
-                    && sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
-                    pc_unequipitem ((struct map_session_data *) sd, i, 0);
-            }
-            // reset skill of some job
-            if (s_class.job == 19 || s_class.job == 4020
-                || s_class.job == 4042 || s_class.job == 20
-                || s_class.job == 4021 || s_class.job == 4043)
-            {
-
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-                // change job if necessary
-                if (s_class.job == 20 || s_class.job == 4021
-                    || s_class.job == 4043)
-                    sd->status.pc_class -= 1;
-                else if (s_class.job == 19 || s_class.job == 4020
-                         || s_class.job == 4042)
-                    sd->status.pc_class += 1;
+                    && bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
+                    pc_unequipitem(sd, i, CalcStatus::NOW);
             }
             // save character
-            chrif_save (sd);
+            chrif_save(sd);
             sd->login_id1++;    // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
             // do same modify in login-server for the account, but no in char-server (it ask again login_id1 to login, and don't remember it)
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                  "Your sex has been changed (need disconexion by the server)...");
-            clif_setwaitclose (sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
+            clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
         }
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd != NULL)
         {
-            printf ("chrif_changedsex failed.\n");
+            PRINTF("chrif_changedsex failed.\n");
         }
     }
 
@@ -716,10 +678,10 @@ int chrif_changedsex (int fd)
  * アカウント変数�存�求
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_saveaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int chrif_saveaccountreg2(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  p, j;
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    int p, j;
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     p = 8;
     for (j = 0; j < sd->status.account_reg2_num; j++)
@@ -727,15 +689,15 @@ int chrif_saveaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd)
         struct global_reg *reg = &sd->status.account_reg2[j];
         if (reg->str[0] && reg->value != 0)
         {
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, p), reg->str, 32);
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, p + 32) = reg->value;
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, p), reg->str, 32);
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, p + 32) = reg->value;
             p += 36;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b10;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 2) = p;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 4) = sd->bl.id;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, p);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b10;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = p;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = sd->bl.id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, p);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -745,22 +707,22 @@ int chrif_saveaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_accountreg2 (int fd)
+int chrif_accountreg2(int fd)
 {
-    int  j, p;
+    int j, p;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    if ((sd = map_id2sd (RFIFOL (fd, 4))) == NULL)
+    if ((sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 4))) == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW (fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
+    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM;
          p += 36, j++)
     {
-        memcpy (sd->status.account_reg2[j].str, RFIFOP (fd, p), 32);
-        sd->status.account_reg2[j].value = RFIFOL (fd, p + 32);
+        memcpy(sd->status.account_reg2[j].str, RFIFOP(fd, p), 32);
+        sd->status.account_reg2[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
     }
     sd->status.account_reg2_num = j;
-//  printf("chrif: accountreg2\n");
+//  PRINTF("chrif: accountreg2\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -772,14 +734,14 @@ int chrif_accountreg2 (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_divorce (int char_id, int partner_id)
+int chrif_divorce(int char_id, int partner_id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
     if (!char_id || !partner_id)
         return 0;
 
-    sd = map_nick2sd (map_charid2nick (char_id));
+    sd = map_nick2sd(map_charid2nick(char_id));
     if (sd && sd->status.partner_id == partner_id)
     {
         sd->status.partner_id = 0;
@@ -787,11 +749,12 @@ int chrif_divorce (int char_id, int partner_id)
         if (sd->npc_flags.divorce)
         {
             sd->npc_flags.divorce = 0;
-            map_scriptcont (sd, sd->npc_id);
+            map_scriptcont(sd, sd->npc_id);
         }
     }
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = map_nick2sd (map_charid2nick (partner_id)));
+    sd = map_nick2sd(map_charid2nick(partner_id));
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
     if (sd->status.partner_id == char_id)
         sd->status.partner_id = 0;
 
@@ -803,14 +766,14 @@ int chrif_divorce (int char_id, int partner_id)
  * Needed to divorce when partner is not connected to map server
  *-------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_send_divorce (int char_id)
+int chrif_send_divorce(int char_id)
 {
     if (char_fd < 0)
         return -1;
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b16;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = char_id;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2b16;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = char_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -819,29 +782,29 @@ int chrif_send_divorce (int char_id)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_accountdeletion (int fd)
+int chrif_accountdeletion(int fd)
 {
-    int  acc;
+    int acc;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("chrif_accountdeletion %d.\n", acc);
-    sd = map_id2sd (acc);
+        PRINTF("chrif_accountdeletion %d.\n", acc);
+    sd = map_id2sd(acc);
     if (acc > 0)
     {
         if (sd != NULL)
         {
             sd->login_id1++;    // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
-            clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+            clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                  "Your account has been deleted (disconnection)...");
-            clif_setwaitclose (sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
+            clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
         }
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd != NULL)
-            printf ("chrif_accountdeletion failed - player not online.\n");
+            PRINTF("chrif_accountdeletion failed - player not online.\n");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -852,87 +815,85 @@ int chrif_accountdeletion (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_accountban (int fd)
+int chrif_accountban(int fd)
 {
-    int  acc;
+    int acc;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    acc = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+    acc = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("chrif_accountban %d.\n", acc);
-    sd = map_id2sd (acc);
+        PRINTF("chrif_accountban %d.\n", acc);
+    sd = map_id2sd(acc);
     if (acc > 0)
     {
         if (sd != NULL)
         {
             sd->login_id1++;    // change identify, because if player come back in char within the 5 seconds, he can change its characters
-            if (RFIFOB (fd, 6) == 0)
+            if (RFIFOB(fd, 6) == 0)
             {                   // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                switch (RFIFOL (fd, 7))
+                switch (RFIFOL(fd, 7))
                 {               // status or final date of a banishment
                     case 1:    // 0 = Unregistered ID
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has 'Unregistered'.");
                         break;
                     case 2:    // 1 = Incorrect Password
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has an 'Incorrect Password'...");
                         break;
                     case 3:    // 2 = This ID is expired
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has expired.");
                         break;
                     case 4:    // 3 = Rejected from Server
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has been rejected from server.");
                         break;
                     case 5:    // 4 = You have been blocked by the GM Team
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has been blocked by the GM Team.");
                         break;
                     case 6:    // 5 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version.");
                         break;
                     case 7:    // 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has been prohibited to log in.");
                         break;
                     case 8:    // 7 = Server is jammed due to over populated
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Server is jammed due to over populated.");
                         break;
                     case 9:    // 8 = No MSG (actually, all states after 9 except 99 are No MSG, use only this)
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has not more authorised.");
                         break;
                     case 100:  // 99 = This ID has been totally erased
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has been totally erased.");
                         break;
                     default:
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
+                        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd,
                                              "Your account has not more authorised.");
                         break;
                 }
             }
-            else if (RFIFOB (fd, 6) == 1)
-            {                   // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
-                time_t timestamp;
-                char tmpstr[2048];
-                timestamp = (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 7);    // status or final date of a banishment
-                strcpy (tmpstr, "Your account has been banished until ");
-                strftime (tmpstr + strlen (tmpstr), 24, "%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S",
-                          gmtime (&timestamp));
-                clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, tmpstr);
+            else if (RFIFOB(fd, 6) == 1)
+            {
+                // 0: change of statut, 1: ban
+                TimeT timestamp = static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 7));    // status or final date of a banishment
+                char tmpstr[] = WITH_TIMESTAMP("Your account has been banished until ");
+                REPLACE_TIMESTAMP(tmpstr, timestamp);
+                clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, tmpstr);
             }
-            clif_setwaitclose (sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
+            clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd); // forced to disconnect for the change
         }
     }
     else
     {
         if (sd != NULL)
-            printf ("chrif_accountban failed - player not online.\n");
+            PRINTF("chrif_accountban failed - player not online.\n");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -943,10 +904,10 @@ int chrif_accountban (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int chrif_recvgmaccounts (int fd)
+int chrif_recvgmaccounts(int fd)
 {
-    printf ("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
-            pc_read_gm_account (fd));
+    PRINTF("From login-server: receiving of %d GM accounts information.\n",
+            pc_read_gm_account(fd));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -955,70 +916,11 @@ int chrif_recvgmaccounts (int fd)
  * Request to reload GM accounts and their levels: send to char-server by [Yor]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int chrif_reloadGMdb (void)
-{
-
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2af7;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 2);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Send rates and motd to char server [Wizputer]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int chrif_ragsrvinfo (int base_rate, int job_rate, int drop_rate)
+int chrif_reloadGMdb(void)
 {
-    char buf[256];
-    FILE *fp;
-    int  i;
-
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b16;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 2) = base_rate;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 4) = job_rate;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 6) = drop_rate;
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (motd_txt, "r")) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (fgets (buf, 250, fp) != NULL)
-        {
-            for (i = 0; buf[i]; i++)
-            {
-                if (buf[i] == '\r' || buf[i] == '\n')
-                {
-                    buf[i] = 0;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            WFIFOW (char_fd, 8) = sizeof (buf) + 10;
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 10), buf, sizeof (buf));
-        }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        WFIFOW (char_fd, 8) = sizeof (buf) + 10;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (char_fd, 10), buf, sizeof (buf));
-    }
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, WFIFOW (char_fd, 8));
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*=========================================
- * Tell char-server charcter disconnected [Wizputer]
- *-----------------------------------------
- */
-
-int chrif_char_offline (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (char_fd < 0)
-        return -1;
-
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2b17;
-    WFIFOL (char_fd, 2) = sd->status.char_id;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2af7;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 2);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1028,45 +930,46 @@ int chrif_char_offline (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *----------------------------------------
  */
 
-static void ladmin_itemfrob_fix_item (int source, int dest, struct item *item)
+static
+void ladmin_itemfrob_fix_item(int source, int dest, struct item *item)
 {
     if (item && item->nameid == source)
     {
         item->nameid = dest;
-        item->equip = 0;
+        item->equip = EPOS::ZERO;
     }
 }
 
-static int ladmin_itemfrob_c2 (struct block_list *bl, int source_id,
-                               int dest_id)
+static
+void ladmin_itemfrob_c2(struct block_list *bl, int source_id, int dest_id)
 {
 #define IFIX(v) if (v == source_id) {v = dest_id; }
 #define FIX(item) ladmin_itemfrob_fix_item(source_id, dest_id, &item)
 
     if (!bl)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
+        case BL::PC:
         {
             struct map_session_data *pc = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-            struct storage *stor = account2storage2 (pc->status.account_id);
-            int  j;
+            struct storage *stor = account2storage2(pc->status.account_id);
+            int j;
 
             for (j = 0; j < MAX_INVENTORY; j++)
-                IFIX (pc->status.inventory[j].nameid);
+                IFIX(pc->status.inventory[j].nameid);
             for (j = 0; j < MAX_CART; j++)
-                IFIX (pc->status.cart[j].nameid);
-            IFIX (pc->status.weapon);
-            IFIX (pc->status.shield);
-            IFIX (pc->status.head_top);
-            IFIX (pc->status.head_mid);
-            IFIX (pc->status.head_bottom);
+                IFIX(pc->status.cart[j].nameid);
+            // IFIX(pc->status.weapon);
+            IFIX(pc->status.shield);
+            IFIX(pc->status.head_top);
+            IFIX(pc->status.head_mid);
+            IFIX(pc->status.head_bottom);
 
             if (stor)
                 for (j = 0; j < stor->storage_amount; j++)
-                    FIX (stor->storage_[j]);
+                    FIX(stor->storage_[j]);
 
             for (j = 0; j < MAX_INVENTORY; j++)
             {
@@ -1074,8 +977,8 @@ static int ladmin_itemfrob_c2 (struct block_list *bl, int source_id,
                 if (item && item->nameid == source_id)
                 {
                     item->nameid = dest_id;
-                    if (item->equip)
-                        pc_unequipitem (pc, j, 0);
+                    if (bool(item->equip))
+                        pc_unequipitem(pc, j, CalcStatus::NOW);
                     item->nameid = dest_id;
                 }
             }
@@ -1083,51 +986,46 @@ static int ladmin_itemfrob_c2 (struct block_list *bl, int source_id,
             break;
         }
 
-        case BL_MOB:
+        case BL::MOB:
         {
             struct mob_data *mob = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-            int  i;
+            int i;
             for (i = 0; i < mob->lootitem_count; i++)
-                FIX (mob->lootitem[i]);
+                FIX(mob->lootitem[i]);
             break;
         }
 
-        case BL_ITEM:
+        case BL::ITEM:
         {
             struct flooritem_data *item = (struct flooritem_data *) bl;
-            FIX (item->item_data);
+            FIX(item->item_data);
             break;
         }
     }
 #undef FIX
 #undef IFIX
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int ladmin_itemfrob_c (struct block_list *bl, va_list va_args)
+void ladmin_itemfrob_c(struct block_list *bl, int source_id, int dest_id)
 {
-    int  source_id = va_arg (va_args, int);
-    int  dest_id = va_arg (va_args, int);
-    return ladmin_itemfrob_c2 (bl, source_id, dest_id);
+    ladmin_itemfrob_c2(bl, source_id, dest_id);
 }
 
 static
-void ladmin_itemfrob (int fd)
+void ladmin_itemfrob(int fd)
 {
-    int  source_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    int  dest_id = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
-    struct block_list *bl = (struct block_list *) map_get_first_session ();
+    int source_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    int dest_id = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+    struct block_list *bl = (struct block_list *) map_get_first_session();
 
     // flooritems
-    map_foreachobject (ladmin_itemfrob_c, 0 /* any object */ , source_id,
-                       dest_id);
+    map_foreachobject(std::bind(ladmin_itemfrob_c, ph::_1, source_id, dest_id), BL::NUL /* any object */);
 
     // player characters (and, hopefully, mobs)
     while (bl->next)
     {
-        ladmin_itemfrob_c2 (bl, source_id, dest_id);
+        ladmin_itemfrob_c2(bl, source_id, dest_id);
         bl = bl->next;
     }
 }
@@ -1137,9 +1035,9 @@ void ladmin_itemfrob (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void chrif_parse (int fd)
+void chrif_parse(int fd)
 {
-    int  packet_len, cmd;
+    int packet_len, cmd;
 
     // only char-server can have an access to here.
     // so, if it isn't the char-server, we disconnect the session (fd != char_fd).
@@ -1147,27 +1045,25 @@ void chrif_parse (int fd)
     {
         if (fd == char_fd)
         {
-            printf
-                ("Map-server can't connect to char-server (connection #%d).\n",
+            PRINTF("Map-server can't connect to char-server (connection #%d).\n",
                  fd);
             char_fd = -1;
         }
-        close (fd);
-        delete_session (fd);
+        delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
-    while (RFIFOREST (fd) >= 2)
+    while (RFIFOREST(fd) >= 2)
     {
-        cmd = RFIFOW (fd, 0);
+        cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
         if (cmd < 0x2af8
             || cmd >=
             0x2af8 +
-            (sizeof (packet_len_table) / sizeof (packet_len_table[0]))
+            (sizeof(packet_len_table) / sizeof(packet_len_table[0]))
             || packet_len_table[cmd - 0x2af8] == 0)
         {
 
-            int  r = intif_parse (fd);  // intif�渡�
+            int r = intif_parse(fd);  // intif�渡�
 
             if (r == 1)
                 continue;       // intif�処���
@@ -1180,80 +1076,80 @@ void chrif_parse (int fd)
         packet_len = packet_len_table[cmd - 0x2af8];
         if (packet_len == -1)
         {
-            if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4)
+            if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
                 return;
-            packet_len = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
+            packet_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
         }
-        if (RFIFOREST (fd) < packet_len)
+        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < packet_len)
             return;
 
         switch (cmd)
         {
             case 0x2af9:
-                chrif_connectack (fd);
+                chrif_connectack(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2afa:
-                ladmin_itemfrob (fd);
+                ladmin_itemfrob(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2afb:
-                chrif_sendmapack (fd);
+                chrif_sendmapack(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2afd:
-                pc_authok (RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8),
-                           (time_t) RFIFOL (fd, 12), RFIFOW (fd, 16),
-                           (struct mmo_charstatus *) RFIFOP (fd, 18));
+                pc_authok(RFIFOL(fd, 4), RFIFOL(fd, 8),
+                           static_cast<time_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 12)), RFIFOW(fd, 16),
+                           (const struct mmo_charstatus *) RFIFOP(fd, 18));
                 break;
             case 0x2afe:
-                pc_authfail (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                pc_authfail(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 break;
             case 0x2b00:
-                map_setusers (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                map_setusers(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 break;
             case 0x2b03:
-                clif_charselectok (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+                clif_charselectok(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
                 break;
             case 0x2b04:
-                chrif_recvmap (fd);
+                chrif_recvmap(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b06:
-                chrif_changemapserverack (fd);
+                chrif_changemapserverack(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b09:
-                map_addchariddb (RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6));
+                map_addchariddb(RFIFOL(fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 6));
                 break;
             case 0x2b0b:
-                chrif_changedgm (fd);
+                chrif_changedgm(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b0d:
-                chrif_changedsex (fd);
+                chrif_changedsex(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b0f:
-                chrif_char_ask_name_answer (fd);
+                chrif_char_ask_name_answer(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b11:
-                chrif_accountreg2 (fd);
+                chrif_accountreg2(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b12:
-                chrif_divorce (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
+                chrif_divorce(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6));
                 break;
             case 0x2b13:
-                chrif_accountdeletion (fd);
+                chrif_accountdeletion(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b14:
-                chrif_accountban (fd);
+                chrif_accountban(fd);
                 break;
             case 0x2b15:
-                chrif_recvgmaccounts (fd);
+                chrif_recvgmaccounts(fd);
                 break;
 
             default:
                 if (battle_config.error_log)
-                    printf ("chrif_parse : unknown packet %d %d\n", fd,
-                            RFIFOW (fd, 0));
+                    PRINTF("chrif_parse : unknown packet %d %d\n", fd,
+                            RFIFOW(fd, 0));
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
                 return;
         }
-        RFIFOSKIP (fd, packet_len);
+        RFIFOSKIP(fd, packet_len);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1263,29 +1159,29 @@ void chrif_parse (int fd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void send_users_tochar (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void send_users_tochar(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    int  users = 0, i;
+    int users = 0, i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
     if (char_fd <= 0 || session[char_fd] == NULL)
         return;
 
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 0) = 0x2aff;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x2aff;
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) && sd->state.auth &&
             !((battle_config.hide_GM_session
                || sd->state.shroud_active
-               || (sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE)) && pc_isGM (sd)))
+               || bool(sd->status.option & Option::HIDE)) && pc_isGM(sd)))
         {
-            WFIFOL (char_fd, 6 + 4 * users) = sd->status.char_id;
+            WFIFOL(char_fd, 6 + 4 * users) = sd->status.char_id;
             users++;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 2) = 6 + 4 * users;
-    WFIFOW (char_fd, 4) = users;
-    WFIFOSET (char_fd, 6 + 4 * users);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = 6 + 4 * users;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 4) = users;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6 + 4 * users);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1294,18 +1190,18 @@ void send_users_tochar (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void check_connect_char_server (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void check_connect_char_server(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
     if (char_fd <= 0 || session[char_fd] == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("Attempt to connect to char-server...\n");
+        PRINTF("Attempt to connect to char-server...\n");
         chrif_state = 0;
-        if ((char_fd = make_connection (char_ip, char_port)) < 0)
+        if ((char_fd = make_connection(char_ip, char_port)) < 0)
             return;
         session[char_fd]->func_parse = chrif_parse;
-        realloc_fifo (char_fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
+        realloc_fifo(char_fd, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK, FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK);
 
-        chrif_connect (char_fd);
+        chrif_connect(char_fd);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1315,11 +1211,14 @@ void check_connect_char_server (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custo
  */
 int do_init_chrif (void)
 {
-//    add_timer_func_list (check_connect_char_server, "check_connect_char_server");
-//    add_timer_func_list (send_users_tochar, "send_users_tochar");
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + 1000, check_connect_char_server, 0, 0,
-                        10 * 1000);
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + 1000, send_users_tochar, 0, 0, 5 * 1000);
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+            check_connect_char_server,
+            std::chrono::seconds(10)
+    ).detach();
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+            send_users_tochar,
+            std::chrono::seconds(5)
+    ).detach();
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/chrif.hpp b/src/map/chrif.hpp
index 82bfe0d..2816e9f 100644
--- a/src/map/chrif.hpp
+++ b/src/map/chrif.hpp
@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
-// $Id: chrif.h,v 1.3 2004/09/25 11:39:17 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef CHRIF_HPP
 #define CHRIF_HPP
 
-void chrif_setuserid (char *);
-void chrif_setpasswd (char *);
-char *chrif_getpasswd (void);
+void chrif_setuserid(const char *);
+void chrif_setpasswd(const char *);
+char *chrif_getpasswd(void);
 
-void chrif_setip (char *);
-void chrif_setport (int);
+void chrif_setip(const char *);
+void chrif_setport(int);
 
-int  chrif_isconnect (void);
+int chrif_isconnect(void);
 
-int  chrif_authreq (struct map_session_data *);
-int  chrif_save (struct map_session_data *);
-int  chrif_charselectreq (struct map_session_data *);
+int chrif_authreq(struct map_session_data *);
+int chrif_save(struct map_session_data *);
+int chrif_charselectreq(struct map_session_data *);
 
-int  chrif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *sd, char *name, int x,
-                            int y, struct in_addr ip, short port);
+int chrif_changemapserver(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        char *name, int x, int y,
+        struct in_addr ip, short port);
 
-int  chrif_searchcharid (int char_id);
-int  chrif_changegm (int id, const char *pass, int len);
-int  chrif_changeemail (int id, const char *actual_email,
-                        const char *new_email);
-int  chrif_char_ask_name (int id, char *character_name, short operation_type,
-                          int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute,
-                          int second);
-int  chrif_saveaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  chrif_reloadGMdb (void);
-int  chrif_ragsrvinfo (int base_rate, int job_rate, int drop_rate);
-int  chrif_char_offline (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  chrif_send_divorce (int char_id);
+int chrif_searchcharid(int char_id);
+int chrif_changegm(int id, const char *pass, int len);
+int chrif_changeemail(int id, const char *actual_email,
+        const char *new_email);
+int chrif_char_ask_name(int id, char *character_name, short operation_type,
+        int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second);
+int chrif_saveaccountreg2(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int chrif_reloadGMdb(void);
+int chrif_send_divorce(int char_id);
 
-int  do_init_chrif (void);
+int do_init_chrif (void);
 
-#endif
+// only used by intif.cpp
+extern int char_fd;
+
+#endif // CHRIF_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/clif.cpp b/src/map/clif.cpp
index fd22160..1deb1f3 100644
--- a/src/map/clif.cpp
+++ b/src/map/clif.cpp
@@ -1,105 +1,66 @@
-// $Id: clif.c 164 2004-10-01 16:46:58Z $
-
-#define DUMP_UNKNOWN_PACKET	1
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#ifdef LCCWIN32
-#include <winsock.h>
-#else
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include "clif.hpp"
+
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#endif
-#include <time.h>
 
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/md5calc.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
 #include "../common/version.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/md5calc.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
 
 #include "atcommand.hpp"
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "chat.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
-#include "clif.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "magic.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
 #include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
 #include "storage.hpp"
 #include "tmw.hpp"
 #include "trade.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+#define DUMP_UNKNOWN_PACKET     1
+
+constexpr int EMOTE_IGNORED = 0x0e;
+
+// functions list. Rate is how many milliseconds are required between
+// calls. Packets exceeding this rate will be dropped. flood_rates in
+// map.h must be the same length as this table. rate 0 is default
+// rate -1 is unlimited
+
+typedef void (*clif_func)(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd);
+struct func_table
+{
+    interval_t rate;
+    int len;
+    clif_func func;
 
-#define STATE_BLIND 0x10
-#define EMOTE_IGNORED 0x0e
-
-static const int packet_len_table[0x220] = {
-    10, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-//#0x0040
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, -1, 55, 17, 3, 37, 46, -1, 23, -1, 3, 108, 3, 2,
-    3, 28, 19, 11, 3, -1, 9, 5, 54, 53, 58, 60, 41, 2, 6, 6,
-//#0x0080
-    7, 3, 2, 2, 2, 5, 16, 12, 10, 7, 29, 23, -1, -1, -1, 0, // 0x8b unknown... size 2 or 23?
-    7, 22, 28, 2, 6, 30, -1, -1, 3, -1, -1, 5, 9, 17, 17, 6,
-    23, 6, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, 8, 7, 6, 7, 4, 7, 0, -1, 6,
-    8, 8, 3, 3, -1, 6, 6, -1, 7, 6, 2, 5, 6, 44, 5, 3,
-//#0x00C0
-    7, 2, 6, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, 3, 3, 6, 6, 2, 27,
-    3, 4, 4, 2, -1, -1, 3, -1, 6, 14, 3, -1, 28, 29, -1, -1,
-    30, 30, 26, 2, 6, 26, 3, 3, 8, 19, 5, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2,
-    3, 2, 6, 8, 21, 8, 8, 2, 2, 26, 3, -1, 6, 27, 30, 10,
-
-//#0x0100
-    2, 6, 6, 30, 79, 31, 10, 10, -1, -1, 4, 6, 6, 2, 11, -1,
-    10, 39, 4, 10, 31, 35, 10, 18, 2, 13, 15, 20, 68, 2, 3, 16,
-    6, 14, -1, -1, 21, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, -1,
-    6, 86, 6, -1, -1, 7, -1, 6, 3, 16, 4, 4, 4, 6, 24, 26,
-//#0x0140
-    22, 14, 6, 10, 23, 19, 6, 39, 8, 9, 6, 27, -1, 2, 6, 6,
-    110, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 6, -1, 54, 66, 54, 90, 42, 6, 42,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 30, -1, 3, 14, 3, 30, 10, 43, 14, 186, 182,
-    14, 30, 10, 3, -1, 6, 106, -1, 4, 5, 4, -1, 6, 7, -1, -1,
-//#0x0180
-    6, 3, 106, 10, 10, 34, 0, 6, 8, 4, 4, 4, 29, -1, 10, 6,
-    90, 86, 24, 6, 30, 102, 9, 4, 8, 4, 14, 10, -1, 6, 2, 6,
-    3, 3, 35, 5, 11, 26, -1, 4, 4, 6, 10, 12, 6, -1, 4, 4,
-    11, 7, -1, 67, 12, 18, 114, 6, 3, 6, 26, 26, 26, 26, 2, 3,
-//#0x01C0,   Set 0x1d5=-1
-    2, 14, 10, -1, 22, 22, 4, 2, 13, 97, 0, 9, 9, 30, 6, 28,
-    8, 14, 10, 35, 6, -1, 4, 11, 54, 53, 60, 2, -1, 47, 33, 6,
-    30, 8, 34, 14, 2, 6, 26, 2, 28, 81, 6, 10, 26, 2, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, 20, 10, 32, 9, 34, 14, 2, 6, 48, 56, -1, 4, 5, 10,
-//#0x200
-    26, -1, 26, 10, 18, 26, 11, 34, 14, 36, 10, 19, 10, -1, 24, 0,
-    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    // ctor exists because interval_t must be explicit
+    func_table(int r, int l, clif_func f)
+    : rate(r), len(l), func(f)
+    {}
 };
 
+constexpr int VAR = -1;
+
+extern // not really - defined below
+func_table clif_parse_func_table[0x0220];
+
+
 // local define
-enum
+enum class SendWho
 {
     ALL_CLIENT,
     ALL_SAMEMAP,
@@ -116,42 +77,65 @@ enum
     PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS,
     PARTY_AREA,
     PARTY_AREA_WOS,
-    GUILD,
-    GUILD_WOS,
-    GUILD_SAMEMAP,              // [Valaris]
-    GUILD_SAMEMAP_WOS,
-    GUILD_AREA,
-    GUILD_AREA_WOS,             // end additions [Valaris]
-    SELF
+    SELF,
 };
 
-#define WBUFPOS(p,pos,x,y) { unsigned char *__p = (p); __p+=(pos); __p[0] = (x)>>2; __p[1] = ((x)<<6) | (((y)>>4)&0x3f); __p[2] = (y)<<4; }
-#define WBUFPOS2(p,pos,x0,y0,x1,y1) { unsigned char *__p = (p); __p+=(pos); __p[0] = (x0)>>2; __p[1] = ((x0)<<6) | (((y0)>>4)&0x3f); __p[2] = ((y0)<<4) | (((x1)>>6)&0x0f); __p[3]=((x1)<<2) | (((y1)>>8)&0x03); __p[4]=(y1); }
+inline
+void WBUFPOS(uint8_t *p, size_t pos, uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    p += pos;
+    p[0] = x >> 2;
+    p[1] = (x << 6) | ((y >> 4) & 0x3f);
+    p[2] = y << 4;
+}
+inline
+void WBUFPOS2(uint8_t *p, size_t pos, uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1)
+{
+    p += pos;
+    p[0] = x0 >> 2;
+    p[1] = (x0 << 6) | ((y0 >> 4) & 0x3f);
+    p[2] = (y0 << 4) | ((x1 >> 6) & 0x0f);
+    p[3] = (x1 << 2) | ((y1 >> 8) & 0x03);
+    p[4] = y1;
+}
+
+inline
+void WFIFOPOS(int fd, size_t pos, uint16_t x, uint16_t y)
+{
+    WBUFPOS(static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos)), 0, x, y);
+}
+inline
+void WFIFOPOS2(int fd, size_t pos, uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1)
+{
+    WBUFPOS2(static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(fd, pos)), 0, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+}
 
-#define WFIFOPOS(fd,pos,x,y) { WBUFPOS (WFIFOP(fd,pos),0,x,y); }
-#define WFIFOPOS2(fd,pos,x0,y0,x1,y1) { WBUFPOS2(WFIFOP(fd,pos),0,x0,y0,x1,y1); }
+static
+char map_ip_str[16];
+static
+struct in_addr map_ip;
+static
+int map_port = 5121;
 
-static char map_ip_str[16];
-static struct in_addr map_ip;
-static int map_port = 5121;
-int  map_fd;
-char talkie_mes[80];
+static
+int clif_changelook_towards(struct block_list *bl, LOOK type, int val,
+                             struct map_session_data *dstsd);
 
 /*==========================================
  * map鯖�ip設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_setip (const char *ip)
+void clif_setip(const char *ip)
 {
-    memcpy (map_ip_str, ip, 16);
-    map_ip.s_addr = inet_addr (map_ip_str);
+    memcpy(map_ip_str, ip, 16);
+    map_ip.s_addr = inet_addr(map_ip_str);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * map鯖�port設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_setport (int port)
+void clif_setport(int port)
 {
     map_port = port;
 }
@@ -160,7 +144,7 @@ void clif_setport (int port)
  * map鯖�ip読�出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct in_addr clif_getip (void)
+struct in_addr clif_getip(void)
 {
     return map_ip;
 }
@@ -169,7 +153,7 @@ struct in_addr clif_getip (void)
  * map鯖�port読�出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_getport (void)
+int clif_getport(void)
 {
     return map_port;
 }
@@ -178,16 +162,16 @@ int clif_getport (void)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_countusers (void)
+int clif_countusers(void)
 {
-    int  users = 0, i;
+    int users = 0, i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) && sd
             && sd->state.auth && !(battle_config.hide_GM_session
-                                   && pc_isGM (sd)))
+                                   && pc_isGM(sd)))
             users++;
     }
     return users;
@@ -197,109 +181,96 @@ int clif_countusers (void)
  * 全��client�対��func()実行
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_foreachclient (int (*func) (struct map_session_data *, va_list), ...)
+int clif_foreachclient(std::function<void(struct map_session_data *)> func)
 {
-    int  i;
-    va_list ap;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    va_start (ap, func);
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
         if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) && sd
             && sd->state.auth)
-            func (sd, ap);
+            func(sd);
     }
-    va_end (ap);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int is_deaf (struct block_list *bl)
+static
+int is_deaf(struct block_list *bl)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    if (!bl || bl->type != BL_PC)
+    if (!bl || bl->type != BL::PC)
         return 0;
     return sd->special_state.deaf;
 }
 
-static void clif_emotion_towards (struct block_list *bl,
+static
+void clif_emotion_towards(struct block_list *bl,
                                   struct block_list *target, int type);
 
-static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
-                                 char **message, size_t *message_len);
+static
+char *clif_validate_chat(struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
+        const char **message, size_t *message_len);
 
 /*==========================================
- * clif_send�AREA*指定時用
+ * clif_send�SendWho::AREA*指定時用
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int clif_send_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void clif_send_sub(struct block_list *bl, const unsigned char *buf, int len,
+        struct block_list *src_bl, SendWho type)
 {
-    unsigned char *buf;
-    int  len;
-    struct block_list *src_bl;
-    int  type;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
-
-    buf = va_arg (ap, unsigned char *);
-    len = va_arg (ap, int);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src_bl = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    type = va_arg (ap, int);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case AREA_WOS:
+        case SendWho::AREA_WOS:
             if (bl && bl == src_bl)
-                return 0;
+                return;
             break;
 
-        case AREA_CHAT_WOC:
-            if (is_deaf (bl)
-                && !(bl->type == BL_PC
-                     && pc_isGM ((struct map_session_data *) src_bl)))
+        case SendWho::AREA_CHAT_WOC:
+            if (is_deaf(bl)
+                && !(bl->type == BL::PC
+                     && pc_isGM((struct map_session_data *) src_bl)))
             {
-                clif_emotion_towards (src_bl, bl, EMOTE_IGNORED);
-                return 0;
+                clif_emotion_towards(src_bl, bl, EMOTE_IGNORED);
+                return;
             }
-            /* fall through... */
-        case AREA_WOC:
+            FALLTHROUGH;
+        case SendWho::AREA_WOC:
             if ((sd && sd->chatID) || (bl && bl == src_bl))
-                return 0;
+                return;
 
             break;
-        case AREA_WOSC:
+        case SendWho::AREA_WOSC:
             if ((sd) && sd->chatID
                 && sd->chatID == ((struct map_session_data *) src_bl)->chatID)
-                return 0;
+                return;
             break;
     }
 
     if (session[sd->fd] != NULL)
     {
-        if (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0) == buf)
+        if (WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0) == buf)
         {
-            printf ("WARNING: Invalid use of clif_send function\n");
-            printf
-                ("         Packet x%4x use a WFIFO of a player instead of to use a buffer.\n",
-                 WBUFW (buf, 0));
-            printf ("         Please correct your code.\n");
+            PRINTF("WARNING: Invalid use of clif_send function\n");
+            PRINTF("         Packet x%4x use a WFIFO of a player instead of to use a buffer.\n",
+                 RBUFW(buf, 0));
+            PRINTF("         Please correct your code.\n");
             // don't send to not move the pointer of the packet for next sessions in the loop
         }
         else
         {
-            if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
-            {                   // packet must exist
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+            if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
+            {
+                // packet must exist
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
+                WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
             }
         }
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -307,35 +278,34 @@ int clif_send_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int clif_send (const uint8_t *buf, int len, struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int clif_send(const uint8_t *buf, int len, struct block_list *bl, SendWho type)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct chat_data *cd;
     struct party *p = NULL;
-    struct guild *g = NULL;
-    int  x0 = 0, x1 = 0, y0 = 0, y1 = 0;
+    int x0 = 0, x1 = 0, y0 = 0, y1 = 0;
 
-    if (type != ALL_CLIENT)
+    if (type != SendWho::ALL_CLIENT)
     {
-        nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+        nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+        if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         {
             struct map_session_data *sd2 = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-            if (sd2->status.option & OPTION_INVISIBILITY)
+            if (bool(sd2->status.option & Option::INVISIBILITY))
             {
                 // Obscure hidden GMs
 
                 switch (type)
                 {
-                    case AREA:
-                    case AREA_WOC:
-                        type = SELF;
+                    case SendWho::AREA:
+                    case SendWho::AREA_WOC:
+                        type = SendWho::SELF;
                         break;
 
-                    case AREA_WOS:
-                    case AREA_WOSC:
+                    case SendWho::AREA_WOS:
+                    case SendWho::AREA_WOSC:
                         return 1;
 
                     default:
@@ -347,95 +317,94 @@ int clif_send (const uint8_t *buf, int len, struct block_list *bl, int type)
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case ALL_CLIENT:       // 全クライアント��信
+        case SendWho::ALL_CLIENT:       // 全クライアント��信
             for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
                 if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) != NULL
                     && sd->state.auth)
                 {
-                    if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
+                    if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                     {           // packet must exist
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (i, 0), buf, len);
-                        WFIFOSET (i, len);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(i, 0), buf, len);
+                        WFIFOSET(i, len);
                     }
                 }
             }
             break;
-        case ALL_SAMEMAP:      // ��マップ�全クライアント��信
+        case SendWho::ALL_SAMEMAP:      // ��マップ�全クライアント��信
             for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
             {
                 if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) != NULL
                     && sd->state.auth && sd->bl.m == bl->m)
                 {
-                    if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
+                    if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                     {           // packet must exist
-                        memcpy (WFIFOP (i, 0), buf, len);
-                        WFIFOSET (i, len);
+                        memcpy(WFIFOP(i, 0), buf, len);
+                        WFIFOSET(i, len);
                     }
                 }
             }
             break;
-        case AREA:
-        case AREA_WOS:
-        case AREA_WOC:
-        case AREA_WOSC:
-            map_foreachinarea (clif_send_sub, bl->m, bl->x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               bl->y - AREA_SIZE, bl->x + AREA_SIZE,
-                               bl->y + AREA_SIZE, BL_PC, buf, len, bl, type);
+        case SendWho::AREA:
+        case SendWho::AREA_WOS:
+        case SendWho::AREA_WOC:
+        case SendWho::AREA_WOSC:
+            map_foreachinarea(std::bind(clif_send_sub, ph::_1, buf, len, bl, type),
+                    bl->m, bl->x - AREA_SIZE, bl->y - AREA_SIZE,
+                    bl->x + AREA_SIZE, bl->y + AREA_SIZE, BL::PC);
             break;
-        case AREA_CHAT_WOC:
-            map_foreachinarea (clif_send_sub, bl->m, bl->x - (AREA_SIZE),
-                               bl->y - (AREA_SIZE),
-                               bl->x + (AREA_SIZE),
-                               bl->y + (AREA_SIZE), BL_PC, buf, len, bl,
-                               AREA_CHAT_WOC);
+        case SendWho::AREA_CHAT_WOC:
+            map_foreachinarea(std::bind(clif_send_sub, ph::_1, buf, len, bl, SendWho::AREA_CHAT_WOC),
+                    bl->m, bl->x - (AREA_SIZE), bl->y - (AREA_SIZE),
+                    bl->x + (AREA_SIZE), bl->y + (AREA_SIZE), BL::PC);
             break;
-        case CHAT:
-        case CHAT_WOS:
+        case SendWho::CHAT:
+        case SendWho::CHAT_WOS:
             cd = (struct chat_data *) bl;
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+            if (bl->type == BL::PC)
             {
                 sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (sd->chatID);
+                cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl(sd->chatID);
             }
-            else if (bl->type != BL_CHAT)
+            else if (bl->type != BL::CHAT)
                 break;
             if (cd == NULL)
                 break;
             for (i = 0; i < cd->users; i++)
             {
-                if (type == CHAT_WOS
+                if (type == SendWho::CHAT_WOS
                     && cd->usersd[i] == (struct map_session_data *) bl)
                     continue;
-                if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
+                if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                 {               // packet must exist
-                    memcpy (WFIFOP (cd->usersd[i]->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                    WFIFOSET (cd->usersd[i]->fd, len);
+                    memcpy(WFIFOP(cd->usersd[i]->fd, 0), buf, len);
+                    WFIFOSET(cd->usersd[i]->fd, len);
                 }
             }
             break;
 
-        case PARTY_AREA:       // ��画�内�全パーティーメン���信
-        case PARTY_AREA_WOS:   // 自分以外���画�内�全パーティーメン���信
+        case SendWho::PARTY_AREA:       // ��画�内�全パーティーメン���信
+        case SendWho::PARTY_AREA_WOS:   // 自分以外���画�内�全パーティーメン���信
             x0 = bl->x - AREA_SIZE;
             y0 = bl->y - AREA_SIZE;
             x1 = bl->x + AREA_SIZE;
             y1 = bl->y + AREA_SIZE;
-        case PARTY:            // 全パーティーメン���信
-        case PARTY_WOS:        // 自分以外�全パーティーメン���信
-        case PARTY_SAMEMAP:    // ��マップ�全パーティーメン���信
-        case PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS:    // 自分以外���マップ�全パーティーメン���信
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+            FALLTHROUGH;
+        case SendWho::PARTY:            // 全パーティーメン���信
+        case SendWho::PARTY_WOS:        // 自分以外�全パーティーメン���信
+        case SendWho::PARTY_SAMEMAP:    // ��マップ�全パーティーメン���信
+        case SendWho::PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS:    // 自分以外���マップ�全パーティーメン���信
+            if (bl->type == BL::PC)
             {
                 sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
                 if (sd->partyspy > 0)
                 {
-                    p = party_search (sd->partyspy);
+                    p = party_search(sd->partyspy);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
-                        p = party_search (sd->status.party_id);
+                        p = party_search(sd->status.party_id);
                 }
             }
             if (p)
@@ -444,21 +413,21 @@ int clif_send (const uint8_t *buf, int len, struct block_list *bl, int type)
                 {
                     if ((sd = p->member[i].sd) != NULL)
                     {
-                        if (sd->bl.id == bl->id && (type == PARTY_WOS ||
-                                                    type == PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS
+                        if (sd->bl.id == bl->id && (type == SendWho::PARTY_WOS ||
+                                                    type == SendWho::PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS
                                                     || type ==
-                                                    PARTY_AREA_WOS))
+                                                    SendWho::PARTY_AREA_WOS))
                             continue;
-                        if (type != PARTY && type != PARTY_WOS && bl->m != sd->bl.m)    // マップ�ェック
+                        if (type != SendWho::PARTY && type != SendWho::PARTY_WOS && bl->m != sd->bl.m)    // マップ�ェック
                             continue;
-                        if ((type == PARTY_AREA || type == PARTY_AREA_WOS) &&
+                        if ((type == SendWho::PARTY_AREA || type == SendWho::PARTY_AREA_WOS) &&
                             (sd->bl.x < x0 || sd->bl.y < y0 ||
                              sd->bl.x > x1 || sd->bl.y > y1))
                             continue;
-                        if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
+                        if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                         {       // packet must exist
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                            WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+                            memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
+                            WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -469,118 +438,28 @@ int clif_send (const uint8_t *buf, int len, struct block_list *bl, int type)
                     {
                         if (sd->partyspy == p->party_id)
                         {
-                            if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
+                            if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
                             {   // packet must exist
-                                memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                                WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+                                memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
+                                WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             break;
-        case SELF:
+        case SendWho::SELF:
             sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-            if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
+            if (clif_parse_func_table[RBUFW(buf, 0)].len)
             {                   // packet must exist
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
-            }
-            break;
-
-/* New definitions for guilds [Valaris]	*/
-
-        case GUILD_AREA:
-        case GUILD_AREA_WOS:
-            x0 = bl->x - AREA_SIZE;
-            y0 = bl->y - AREA_SIZE;
-            x1 = bl->x + AREA_SIZE;
-            y1 = bl->y + AREA_SIZE;
-        case GUILD:
-        case GUILD_WOS:
-            if (bl && bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {                   // guildspy [Syrus22]
-                sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                if (sd->guildspy > 0)
-                {
-                    g = guild_search (sd->guildspy);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (sd->status.guild_id > 0)
-                        g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-                }
-            }
-            if (g)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-                {
-                    if ((sd = g->member[i].sd) != NULL)
-                    {
-                        if (type == GUILD_WOS && sd->bl.id == bl->id)
-                            continue;
-                        if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
-                        {       // packet must exist
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                            WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-                {
-                    if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) != NULL
-                        && sd->state.auth)
-                    {
-                        if (sd->guildspy == g->guild_id)
-                        {
-                            if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
-                            {   // packet must exist
-                                memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                                WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case GUILD_SAMEMAP:
-        case GUILD_SAMEMAP_WOS:
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                if (sd->status.guild_id > 0)
-                    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-            }
-            if (g)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-                {
-                    if ((sd = g->member[i].sd) != NULL)
-                    {
-                        if (sd->bl.id == bl->id && (type == GUILD_WOS ||
-                                                    type == GUILD_SAMEMAP_WOS
-                                                    || type ==
-                                                    GUILD_AREA_WOS))
-                            continue;
-                        if (type != GUILD && type != GUILD_WOS && bl->m != sd->bl.m)    // マップ�ェック
-                            continue;
-                        if ((type == GUILD_AREA || type == GUILD_AREA_WOS) &&
-                            (sd->bl.x < x0 || sd->bl.y < y0 ||
-                             sd->bl.x > x1 || sd->bl.y > y1))
-                            continue;
-                        if (packet_len_table[RBUFW (buf, 0)])
-                        {       // packet must exist
-                            memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-                            WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
+                WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
             }
             break;
 
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("clif_send ��作����よー\n");
+                PRINTF("clif_send ��作����よー\n");
             return -1;
     }
 
@@ -594,11 +473,11 @@ int clif_send (const uint8_t *buf, int len, struct block_list *bl, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_authok (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_authok(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (!sd)
         return 0;
@@ -608,12 +487,12 @@ int clif_authok (struct map_session_data *sd)
 
     fd = sd->fd;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x73;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = gettick ();
-    WFIFOPOS (fd, 6, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 9) = 5;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) = 5;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x73]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x73;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
+    WFIFOPOS(fd, 6, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 5;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = 5;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x73].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -622,16 +501,16 @@ int clif_authok (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_authfail_fd (int fd, int type)
+int clif_authfail_fd(int fd, int type)
 {
     if (!fd || !session[fd])
         return 0;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x81;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x81]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x81;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x81].len);
 
-    clif_setwaitclose (fd);
+    clif_setwaitclose(fd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -640,21 +519,21 @@ int clif_authfail_fd (int fd, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_charselectok (int id)
+int clif_charselectok(int id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    if ((sd = map_id2sd (id)) == NULL)
+    if ((sd = map_id2sd(id)) == NULL)
         return 1;
 
     if (!sd->fd)
         return 1;
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb3;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 1;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xb3]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb3;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xb3].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -663,43 +542,44 @@ int clif_charselectok (int id)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int clif_set009e (struct flooritem_data *fitem, uint8_t *buf)
+static
+int clif_set009e(struct flooritem_data *fitem, uint8_t *buf)
 {
-    int  view;
+    int view;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, fitem);
+    nullpo_ret(fitem);
 
     //009e <ID>.l <name ID>.w <identify flag>.B <X>.w <Y>.w <subX>.B <subY>.B <amount>.w
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x9e;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = fitem->bl.id;
-    if ((view = itemdb_viewid (fitem->item_data.nameid)) > 0)
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = view;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x9e;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = fitem->bl.id;
+    if ((view = itemdb_viewid(fitem->item_data.nameid)) > 0)
+        WBUFW(buf, 6) = view;
     else
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = fitem->item_data.nameid;
-    WBUFB (buf, 8) = fitem->item_data.identify;
-    WBUFW (buf, 9) = fitem->bl.x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 11) = fitem->bl.y;
-    WBUFB (buf, 13) = fitem->subx;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = fitem->suby;
-    WBUFW (buf, 15) = fitem->item_data.amount;
+        WBUFW(buf, 6) = fitem->item_data.nameid;
+    WBUFB(buf, 8) = fitem->item_data.identify;
+    WBUFW(buf, 9) = fitem->bl.x;
+    WBUFW(buf, 11) = fitem->bl.y;
+    WBUFB(buf, 13) = fitem->subx;
+    WBUFB(buf, 14) = fitem->suby;
+    WBUFW(buf, 15) = fitem->item_data.amount;
 
-    return packet_len_table[0x9e];
+    return clif_parse_func_table[0x9e].len;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_dropflooritem (struct flooritem_data *fitem)
+int clif_dropflooritem(struct flooritem_data *fitem)
 {
     uint8_t buf[64];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, fitem);
+    nullpo_ret(fitem);
 
     if (fitem->item_data.nameid <= 0)
         return 0;
-    clif_set009e (fitem, buf);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x9e], &fitem->bl, AREA);
+    clif_set009e(fitem, buf);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x9e].len, &fitem->bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -708,23 +588,23 @@ int clif_dropflooritem (struct flooritem_data *fitem)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_clearflooritem (struct flooritem_data *fitem, int fd)
+int clif_clearflooritem(struct flooritem_data *fitem, int fd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, fitem);
+    nullpo_ret(fitem);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xa1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = fitem->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xa1;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = fitem->bl.id;
 
     if (fd == 0)
     {
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xa1], &fitem->bl, AREA);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0xa1].len, &fitem->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
     {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, 6);
-        WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xa1]);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, 6);
+        WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xa1].len);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -734,45 +614,48 @@ int clif_clearflooritem (struct flooritem_data *fitem, int fd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_clearchar (struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int clif_clearchar(struct block_list *bl, BeingRemoveWhy type)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x80;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    if (type == 9)
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x80;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    if (type == BeingRemoveWhy::DISGUISE)
     {
-        WBUFB (buf, 6) = 0;
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x80], bl, AREA);
+        WBUFB(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint8_t>(BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x80].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
     {
-        WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x80], bl,
-                   type == 1 ? AREA : AREA_WOS);
+        WBUFB(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint8_t>(type);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x80].len, bl,
+                   type == BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD ? SendWho::AREA : SendWho::AREA_WOS);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void clif_clearchar_delay_sub (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id,
-                                     custom_data_t data)
+static
+void clif_clearchar_delay_sub(TimerData *, tick_t,
+        struct block_list *bl, BeingRemoveWhy type)
 {
-    struct block_list *bl = (struct block_list *) id;
-
-    clif_clearchar (bl, data);
-    map_freeblock (bl);
+    clif_clearchar(bl, type);
+    map_freeblock(bl);
 }
 
-int clif_clearchar_delay (unsigned int tick, struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int clif_clearchar_delay(tick_t tick,
+        struct block_list *bl, BeingRemoveWhy type)
 {
     struct block_list *tmpbl;
-    CREATE (tmpbl, struct block_list, 1);
+    CREATE(tmpbl, struct block_list, 1);
 
-    memcpy (tmpbl, bl, sizeof (struct block_list));
-    add_timer (tick, clif_clearchar_delay_sub, (custom_id_t) tmpbl, type);
+    memcpy(tmpbl, bl, sizeof(struct block_list));
+    Timer(tick,
+            std::bind(clif_clearchar_delay_sub, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                tmpbl, type)
+    ).detach();
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -781,544 +664,286 @@ int clif_clearchar_delay (unsigned int tick, struct block_list *bl, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_clearchar_id (int id, int type, int fd)
+int clif_clearchar_id(int id, BeingRemoveWhy type, int fd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x80;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, 7);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x80]);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x80;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = id;
+    WBUFB(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint8_t>(type);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, 7);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x80].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*
-static int current_weapon(struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-        if (sd->attack_spell_override)
-                return sd->attack_spell_look_override;
-        else {
-                return sd->status.weapon;
-        }
-}
-*/
-
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int clif_set0078 (struct map_session_data *sd, unsigned char *buf)
-{
-    int  level = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)
-    {                           // mob disguises [Valaris]
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x78;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = battle_get_speed (&sd->bl);
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->opt1;
-        WBUFW (buf, 10) = sd->opt2;
-        WBUFW (buf, 12) = sd->status.option;
-        WBUFW (buf, 14) = sd->disguise;
-        WBUFW (buf, 42) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 44) = 0;
-        WBUFPOS (buf, 46, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-        WBUFB (buf, 48) |= sd->dir & 0x0f;
-        WBUFB (buf, 49) = 5;
-        WBUFB (buf, 50) = 5;
-        WBUFB (buf, 51) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 52) =
-            ((level =
-              battle_get_lv (&sd->bl)) >
-             battle_config.max_lv) ? battle_config.max_lv : level;
-
-        return packet_len_table[0x78];
-    }
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d8;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->speed;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->opt1;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = sd->opt2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = sd->status.option;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = sd->view_class;
-    WBUFW (buf, 16) = sd->status.hair;
+static
+int clif_set0078(struct map_session_data *sd, unsigned char *buf)
+{
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1d8;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->speed.count());
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->opt1);
+    WBUFW(buf, 10) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->opt2);
+    WBUFW(buf, 12) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->status.option);
+    WBUFW(buf, 14) = sd->status.species;
+    WBUFW(buf, 16) = sd->status.hair;
     if (sd->attack_spell_override)
-        WBUFB (buf, 18) = sd->attack_spell_look_override;
+        WBUFW(buf, 18) = sd->attack_spell_look_override;
     else
     {
-        if (sd->equip_index[9] >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]
-            && sd->view_class != 22)
+        if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON] >= 0
+            && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]])
         {
-            if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->view_id > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, 18) =
-                    sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->view_id;
+            if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->view_id > 0)
+                WBUFW(buf, 18) =
+                    sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->view_id;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 18) =
-                    sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[9]].nameid;
+                WBUFW(buf, 18) =
+                    sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]].nameid;
         }
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, 18) = 0;
+            WBUFW(buf, 18) = 0;
     }
-    if (sd->equip_index[8] >= 0 && sd->equip_index[8] != sd->equip_index[9]
-        && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]] && sd->view_class != 22)
+    if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] >= 0
+        && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] != sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]
+        && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]])
     {
-        if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 20) = sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->view_id;
+        if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->view_id > 0)
+            WBUFW(buf, 20) = sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, 20) = sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[8]].nameid;
+            WBUFW(buf, 20) = sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]].nameid;
     }
     else
-        WBUFW (buf, 20) = 0;
-    WBUFW (buf, 22) = sd->status.head_bottom;
-    WBUFW (buf, 24) = sd->status.head_top;
-    WBUFW (buf, 26) = sd->status.head_mid;
-    WBUFW (buf, 28) = sd->status.hair_color;
-    WBUFW (buf, 30) = sd->status.clothes_color;
-    WBUFW (buf, 32) = sd->head_dir;
-    WBUFL (buf, 34) = sd->status.guild_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 38) = sd->guild_emblem_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 40) = sd->status.manner;
-    WBUFW (buf, 42) = sd->opt3;
-    WBUFB (buf, 44) = sd->status.karma;
-    WBUFB (buf, 45) = sd->sex;
-    WBUFPOS (buf, 46, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    WBUFB (buf, 48) |= sd->dir & 0x0f;
-    WBUFW (buf, 49) = (pc_isGM (sd) == 60 || pc_isGM (sd) == 99) ? 0x80 : 0;
-    WBUFB (buf, 51) = sd->state.dead_sit;
-    WBUFW (buf, 52) = 0;
-
-    return packet_len_table[0x1d8];
+        WBUFW(buf, 20) = 0;
+    WBUFW(buf, 22) = sd->status.head_bottom;
+    WBUFW(buf, 24) = sd->status.head_top;
+    WBUFW(buf, 26) = sd->status.head_mid;
+    WBUFW(buf, 28) = sd->status.hair_color;
+    WBUFW(buf, 30) = sd->status.clothes_color;
+    WBUFW(buf, 32) = static_cast<uint8_t>(sd->head_dir);
+    WBUFL(buf, 34) = 0 /*guild_id*/;
+    WBUFW(buf, 38) = 0 /*guild_emblem_id*/;
+    WBUFW(buf, 40) = sd->status.manner;
+    WBUFW(buf, 42) = uint16_t(sd->opt3);
+    WBUFB(buf, 44) = sd->status.karma;
+    WBUFB(buf, 45) = sd->sex;
+    WBUFPOS(buf, 46, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    // work around ICE in gcc 4.6
+    uint8_t dir = static_cast<uint8_t>(sd->dir);
+    WBUFB(buf, 48) |= dir;
+    WBUFW(buf, 49) = (pc_isGM(sd) == 60 || pc_isGM(sd) == 99) ? 0x80 : 0;
+    WBUFB(buf, 51) = sd->state.dead_sit;
+    WBUFW(buf, 52) = 0;
+
+    return clif_parse_func_table[0x1d8].len;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int clif_set007b (struct map_session_data *sd, unsigned char *buf)
-{
-    int  level = 0;
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)
-    {                           // mob disguises [Valaris]
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x7b;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = battle_get_speed (&sd->bl);
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->opt1;
-        WBUFW (buf, 10) = sd->opt2;
-        WBUFW (buf, 12) = sd->status.option;
-        WBUFW (buf, 14) = sd->disguise;
-        WBUFL (buf, 22) = gettick ();
-        WBUFW (buf, 46) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 48) = 0;
-        WBUFPOS2 (buf, 50, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
-        WBUFB (buf, 55) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 56) = 5;
-        WBUFB (buf, 57) = 5;
-        WBUFW (buf, 58) =
-            ((level =
-              battle_get_lv (&sd->bl)) >
-             battle_config.max_lv) ? battle_config.max_lv : level;
-
-        return packet_len_table[0x7b];
-    }
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1da;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->speed;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->opt1;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = sd->opt2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = sd->status.option;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = sd->view_class;
-    WBUFW (buf, 16) = sd->status.hair;
-    if (sd->equip_index[9] >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]
-        && sd->view_class != 22)
-    {
-        if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 18) = sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->view_id;
+static
+int clif_set007b(struct map_session_data *sd, unsigned char *buf)
+{
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1da;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->speed.count());
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->opt1);
+    WBUFW(buf, 10) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->opt2);
+    WBUFW(buf, 12) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->status.option);
+    WBUFW(buf, 14) = sd->status.species;
+    WBUFW(buf, 16) = sd->status.hair;
+    if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON] >= 0
+        && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]])
+    {
+        if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->view_id > 0)
+            WBUFW(buf, 18) = sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, 18) = sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[9]].nameid;
+            WBUFW(buf, 18) = sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]].nameid;
     }
     else
-        WBUFW (buf, 18) = 0;
-    if (sd->equip_index[8] >= 0 && sd->equip_index[8] != sd->equip_index[9]
-        && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]] && sd->view_class != 22)
+        WBUFW(buf, 18) = 0;
+    if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] >= 0
+        && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] != sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]
+        && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]])
     {
-        if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 20) = sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->view_id;
+        if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->view_id > 0)
+            WBUFW(buf, 20) = sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, 20) = sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[8]].nameid;
+            WBUFW(buf, 20) = sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]].nameid;
     }
     else
-        WBUFW (buf, 20) = 0;
-    WBUFW (buf, 22) = sd->status.head_bottom;
-    WBUFL (buf, 24) = gettick ();
-    WBUFW (buf, 28) = sd->status.head_top;
-    WBUFW (buf, 30) = sd->status.head_mid;
-    WBUFW (buf, 32) = sd->status.hair_color;
-    WBUFW (buf, 34) = sd->status.clothes_color;
-    WBUFW (buf, 36) = sd->head_dir;
-    WBUFL (buf, 38) = sd->status.guild_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 42) = sd->guild_emblem_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 44) = sd->status.manner;
-    WBUFW (buf, 46) = sd->opt3;
-    WBUFB (buf, 48) = sd->status.karma;
-    WBUFB (buf, 49) = sd->sex;
-    WBUFPOS2 (buf, 50, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
-    WBUFW (buf, 55) = pc_isGM (sd) == 60 ? 0x80 : 0;
-    WBUFB (buf, 57) = 5;
-    WBUFW (buf, 58) = 0;
-
-    return packet_len_table[0x1da];
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * クラス�ェンジ type�Mob�場��1�他�0？
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_npc_class_change (struct block_list *bl, int npc_class, int type)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[16];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (npc_class >= MAX_PC_CLASS)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1b0;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-        WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
-        WBUFL (buf, 7) = npc_class;
-
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1b0], bl, AREA);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_mob_class_change (struct mob_data *md, int class_)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[16];
-    int  view = mob_get_viewclass (class_);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    if (view >= MAX_PC_CLASS)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1b0;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
-        WBUFB (buf, 6) = 1;
-        WBUFL (buf, 7) = view;
-
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1b0], &md->bl, AREA);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// mob equipment [Valaris]
-
-int clif_mob_equip (struct mob_data *md, int nameid)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[16];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x1a4]);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1a4;
-    WBUFB (buf, 2) = 3;
-    WBUFL (buf, 3) = md->bl.id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 7) = nameid;
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1a4], &md->bl, AREA);
-
-    return 0;
+        WBUFW(buf, 20) = 0;
+    WBUFW(buf, 22) = sd->status.head_bottom;
+    WBUFL(buf, 24) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
+    WBUFW(buf, 28) = sd->status.head_top;
+    WBUFW(buf, 30) = sd->status.head_mid;
+    WBUFW(buf, 32) = sd->status.hair_color;
+    WBUFW(buf, 34) = sd->status.clothes_color;
+    WBUFW(buf, 36) = static_cast<uint8_t>(sd->head_dir);
+    WBUFL(buf, 38) = 0/*guild_id*/;
+    WBUFW(buf, 42) = 0/*guild_emblem_id*/;
+    WBUFW(buf, 44) = sd->status.manner;
+    WBUFW(buf, 46) = uint16_t(sd->opt3);
+    WBUFB(buf, 48) = sd->status.karma;
+    WBUFB(buf, 49) = sd->sex;
+    WBUFPOS2(buf, 50, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
+    WBUFW(buf, 55) = pc_isGM(sd) == 60 ? 0x80 : 0;
+    WBUFB(buf, 57) = 5;
+    WBUFW(buf, 58) = 0;
+
+    return clif_parse_func_table[0x1da].len;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * MOB表示1
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int clif_mob0078 (struct mob_data *md, unsigned char *buf)
-{
-    int  level;
-
-    memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x78]);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x78;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = battle_get_speed (&md->bl);
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = md->opt1;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = md->opt2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = md->option;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class);
-    if ((mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) <= 23)
-        || (mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) == 812)
-        || (mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) >= 4001))
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 12) |= mob_db[md->mob_class].option;
-        WBUFW (buf, 16) = mob_get_hair (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 18) = mob_get_weapon (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 20) = mob_get_head_buttom (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 22) = mob_get_shield (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 24) = mob_get_head_top (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 26) = mob_get_head_mid (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 28) = mob_get_hair_color (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 30) = mob_get_clothes_color (md->mob_class);    //Add for player monster dye - Valaris
-        WBUFB (buf, 45) = mob_get_sex (md->mob_class);
-    }
-
-    if (md->mob_class >= 1285 && md->mob_class <= 1287)
-    {                           // Added guardian emblems [Valaris]
-        struct guild *g;
-        struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[md->bl.m].name);
-        if (gc && gc->guild_id > 0)
-        {
-            g = guild_search (gc->guild_id);
-            if (g)
-            {
-                WBUFL (buf, 26) = gc->guild_id;
-                WBUFL (buf, 22) = g->emblem_id;
-            }
-        }
-    }                           // End addition
-
-    WBUFPOS (buf, 46, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
-    WBUFB (buf, 48) |= md->dir & 0x0f;
-    WBUFB (buf, 49) = 5;
-    WBUFB (buf, 50) = 5;
-    WBUFW (buf, 52) =
+static
+int clif_mob0078(struct mob_data *md, unsigned char *buf)
+{
+    int level;
+
+    memset(buf, 0, clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len);
+
+    nullpo_ret(md);
+
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x78;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint16_t>(battle_get_speed(&md->bl).count());
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = static_cast<uint16_t>(md->opt1);
+    WBUFW(buf, 10) = static_cast<uint16_t>(md->opt2);
+    WBUFW(buf, 12) = static_cast<uint16_t>(md->option);
+    WBUFW(buf, 14) = md->mob_class;
+    // snip: stuff do do with disguise as a PC
+    WBUFPOS(buf, 46, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
+    // work around ICE in gcc 4.6
+    uint8_t dir = static_cast<uint8_t>(md->dir);
+    WBUFB(buf, 48) |= dir;
+    WBUFB(buf, 49) = 5;
+    WBUFB(buf, 50) = 5;
+    WBUFW(buf, 52) =
         ((level =
-          battle_get_lv (&md->bl)) >
+          battle_get_lv(&md->bl)) >
          battle_config.max_lv) ? battle_config.max_lv : level;
 
-    return packet_len_table[0x78];
+    return clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * MOB表示2
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int clif_mob007b (struct mob_data *md, unsigned char *buf)
+static
+int clif_mob007b(struct mob_data *md, unsigned char *buf)
 {
-    int  level;
+    int level;
 
-    memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x7b]);
+    memset(buf, 0, clif_parse_func_table[0x7b].len);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x7b;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = battle_get_speed (&md->bl);
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = md->opt1;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = md->opt2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = md->option;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class);
-    if ((mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) < 24)
-        || (mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) > 4000))
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 12) |= mob_db[md->mob_class].option;
-        WBUFW (buf, 16) = mob_get_hair (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 18) = mob_get_weapon (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 20) = mob_get_head_buttom (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFL (buf, 22) = gettick ();
-        WBUFW (buf, 26) = mob_get_shield (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 28) = mob_get_head_top (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 30) = mob_get_head_mid (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 32) = mob_get_hair_color (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFW (buf, 34) = mob_get_clothes_color (md->mob_class);    //Add for player monster dye - Valaris
-        WBUFB (buf, 49) = mob_get_sex (md->mob_class);
-    }
-    else
-        WBUFL (buf, 22) = gettick ();
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (md->mob_class >= 1285 && md->mob_class <= 1287)
-    {                           // Added guardian emblems [Valaris]
-        struct guild *g;
-        struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[md->bl.m].name);
-        if (gc && gc->guild_id > 0)
-        {
-            g = guild_search (gc->guild_id);
-            if (g)
-            {
-                WBUFL (buf, 28) = gc->guild_id;
-                WBUFL (buf, 24) = g->emblem_id;
-            }
-        }
-    }                           // End addition
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x7b;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint16_t>(battle_get_speed(&md->bl).count());
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = static_cast<uint16_t>(md->opt1);
+    WBUFW(buf, 10) = static_cast<uint16_t>(md->opt2);
+    WBUFW(buf, 12) = static_cast<uint16_t>(md->option);
+    WBUFW(buf, 14) = md->mob_class;
+    // snip: stuff for monsters disguised as PCs
+    WBUFL(buf, 22) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
 
-    WBUFPOS2 (buf, 50, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, md->to_x, md->to_y);
-    WBUFB (buf, 56) = 5;
-    WBUFB (buf, 57) = 5;
-    WBUFW (buf, 58) =
+    WBUFPOS2(buf, 50, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, md->to_x, md->to_y);
+    WBUFB(buf, 56) = 5;
+    WBUFB(buf, 57) = 5;
+    WBUFW(buf, 58) =
         ((level =
-          battle_get_lv (&md->bl)) >
+          battle_get_lv(&md->bl)) >
          battle_config.max_lv) ? battle_config.max_lv : level;
 
-    return packet_len_table[0x7b];
+    return clif_parse_func_table[0x7b].len;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int clif_npc0078 (struct npc_data *nd, unsigned char *buf)
+static
+int clif_npc0078(struct npc_data *nd, unsigned char *buf)
 {
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
-
-    memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x78]);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x78;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = nd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = nd->speed;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = nd->npc_class;
-    if ((nd->npc_class == 722) && (nd->u.scr.guild_id > 0)
-        && ((g = guild_search (nd->u.scr.guild_id)) != NULL))
-    {
-        WBUFL (buf, 22) = g->emblem_id;
-        WBUFL (buf, 26) = g->guild_id;
-    }
-    WBUFPOS (buf, 46, nd->bl.x, nd->bl.y);
-    WBUFB (buf, 48) |= nd->dir & 0x0f;
-    WBUFB (buf, 49) = 5;
-    WBUFB (buf, 50) = 5;
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
-    return packet_len_table[0x78];
-}
+    memset(buf, 0, clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len);
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int clif_set01e1 (struct map_session_data *sd, unsigned char *buf)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x78;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = nd->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint16_t>(nd->speed.count());
+    WBUFW(buf, 14) = nd->npc_class;
+    WBUFPOS(buf, 46, nd->bl.x, nd->bl.y);
+    // work around ICE in gcc 4.6
+    uint8_t dir = static_cast<uint8_t>(nd->dir);
+    WBUFB(buf, 48) |= dir;
+    WBUFB(buf, 49) = 5;
+    WBUFB(buf, 50) = 5;
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1e1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->spiritball;
-
-    return packet_len_table[0x1e1];
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int clif_set0192 (int fd, int m, int x, int y, int type)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x192;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = y;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = type;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 8), map[m].name, 16);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x192]);
-
-    return 0;
+    return clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len;
 }
 
 /* These indices are derived from equip_pos in pc.c and some guesswork */
-static int equip_points[LOOK_LAST + 1] = {
-    -1,                         /* 0: base */
-    -1,                         /* 1: hair */
-    9,                          /* 2: weapon */
-    4,                          /* 3: head botom -- leg armour */
-    6,                          /* 4: head top -- hat */
-    5,                          /* 5: head mid -- torso armour */
-    -1,                         /* 6: hair colour */
-    -1,                         /* 6: clothes colour */
-    8,                          /* 6: shield */
-    2,                          /* 9: shoes */
-    3,                          /* gloves */
-    1,                          /* cape */
-    7,                          /* misc1 */
-    0,                          /* misc2 */
-};
+static
+earray<EQUIP, LOOK, LOOK::COUNT> equip_points //=
+{{
+    EQUIP::NONE,    // base
+    EQUIP::NONE,    // hair
+    EQUIP::WEAPON,  // weapon
+    EQUIP::LEGS,    // head botom -- leg armour
+    EQUIP::HAT,     // head top -- hat
+    EQUIP::TORSO,   // head mid -- torso armour
+    EQUIP::NONE,    // hair colour
+    EQUIP::NONE,    // clothes colour
+    EQUIP::SHIELD,  // shield
+    EQUIP::SHOES,   // shoes
+    EQUIP::GLOVES,  // gloves
+    EQUIP::CAPE,    // cape
+    EQUIP::MISC1,   // misc1
+    EQUIP::MISC2,   // misc2
+}};
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_spawnpc (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_spawnpc(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[128];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)
-    {                           // mob disguises [Valaris]
-        clif_clearchar (&sd->bl, 9);
-
-        memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x119]);
-
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x119;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 10) = 0x40;
-        WBUFB (buf, 12) = 0;
-
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x119], &sd->bl, SELF);
-
-        memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x7c]);
-
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x7c;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->speed;
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->opt1;
-        WBUFW (buf, 10) = sd->opt2;
-        WBUFW (buf, 12) = sd->status.option;
-        WBUFW (buf, 20) = sd->disguise;
-        WBUFPOS (buf, 36, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x7c], &sd->bl, AREA);
-    }
-
-    clif_set0078 (sd, buf);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d9;
-    WBUFW (buf, 51) = 0;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1d9], &sd->bl, AREA_WOS);
-
-    if (sd->spiritball > 0)
-        clif_spiritball (sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->status.guild_id > 0)
-    {                           // force display of guild emblem [Valaris]
-        struct guild *g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-        if (g)
-            clif_guild_emblem (sd, g);
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
+    clif_set0078(sd, buf);
 
-    if (sd->status.pc_class == 13 || sd->status.pc_class == 21
-        || sd->status.pc_class == 4014 || sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-        pc_setoption (sd, sd->status.option | 0x0020);  // [Valaris]
-
-    if ((pc_isriding (sd) && pc_checkskill (sd, KN_RIDING) > 0)
-        && (sd->status.pc_class == 7 || sd->status.pc_class == 14
-            || sd->status.pc_class == 4008 || sd->status.pc_class == 4015))
-        pc_setriding (sd);      // update peco riders for people upgrading athena [Valaris]
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1d9;
+    WBUFW(buf, 51) = 0;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d9].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA_WOS);
 
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.snow)
-        clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, 162, 1);
+        clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, 162, 1);
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.fog)
-        clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, 233, 1);
+        clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, 233, 1);
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.sakura)
-        clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, 163, 1);
+        clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, 163, 1);
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.leaves)
-        clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, 333, 1);
+        clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, 333, 1);
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.rain)
-        clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, 161, 1);
+        clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, 161, 1);
 
 //        clif_changelook_accessories(&sd->bl, NULL);
 
@@ -1329,66 +954,65 @@ int clif_spawnpc (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_spawnnpc (struct npc_data *nd)
+int clif_spawnnpc(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
-    int  len;
+    int len;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
     if (nd->npc_class < 0 || nd->flag & 1 || nd->npc_class == INVISIBLE_CLASS)
         return 0;
 
-    memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x7c]);
+    memset(buf, 0, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x7c;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = nd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = nd->speed;
-    WBUFW (buf, 20) = nd->npc_class;
-    WBUFPOS (buf, 36, nd->bl.x, nd->bl.y);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x7c;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = nd->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = static_cast<uint16_t>(nd->speed.count());
+    WBUFW(buf, 20) = nd->npc_class;
+    WBUFPOS(buf, 36, nd->bl.x, nd->bl.y);
 
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x7c], &nd->bl, AREA);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len, &nd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
-    len = clif_npc0078 (nd, buf);
-    clif_send (buf, len, &nd->bl, AREA);
+    len = clif_npc0078(nd, buf);
+    clif_send(buf, len, &nd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int
-clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player (struct map_session_data *sd, int fake_npc_id)
+int clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player(struct map_session_data *sd, int fake_npc_id)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
     if (!fd)
         return 0;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7c;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = fake_npc_id;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 10) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 12) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 20) = 127;
-    WFIFOPOS (fd, 36, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x7c]);
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x78;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = fake_npc_id;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 10) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 12) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 14) = 127;      // identifies as NPC
-    WFIFOW (fd, 20) = 127;
-    WFIFOPOS (fd, 46, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    WFIFOPOS (fd, 36, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 49) = 5;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 50) = 5;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x78]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7c;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = fake_npc_id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 12) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = 127;
+    WFIFOPOS(fd, 36, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len);
+
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x78;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = fake_npc_id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 12) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 14) = 127;      // identifies as NPC
+    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = 127;
+    WFIFOPOS(fd, 46, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    WFIFOPOS(fd, 36, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 49) = 5;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 50) = 5;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x78].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1397,33 +1021,29 @@ clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player (struct map_session_data *sd, int fake_npc_id)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_spawnmob (struct mob_data *md)
+int clif_spawnmob(struct mob_data *md)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
-    int  len;
+    int len;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) > 23)
     {
-        memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x7c]);
-
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x7c;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = md->stats[MOB_SPEED];
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = md->opt1;
-        WBUFW (buf, 10) = md->opt2;
-        WBUFW (buf, 12) = md->option;
-        WBUFW (buf, 20) = mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class);
-        WBUFPOS (buf, 36, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x7c], &md->bl, AREA);
-    }
+        memset(buf, 0, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len);
 
-    len = clif_mob0078 (md, buf);
-    clif_send (buf, len, &md->bl, AREA);
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x7c;
+        WBUFL(buf, 2) = md->bl.id;
+        WBUFW(buf, 6) = md->stats[mob_stat::SPEED];
+        WBUFW(buf, 8) = uint16_t(md->opt1);
+        WBUFW(buf, 10) = uint16_t(md->opt2);
+        WBUFW(buf, 12) = uint16_t(md->option);
+        WBUFW(buf, 20) = md->mob_class;
+        WBUFPOS(buf, 36, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x7c].len, &md->bl, SendWho::AREA);
+    }
 
-    if (mob_get_equip (md->mob_class) > 0)  // mob equipment [Valaris]
-        clif_mob_equip (md, mob_get_equip (md->mob_class));
+    len = clif_mob0078(md, buf);
+    clif_send(buf, len, &md->bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1433,16 +1053,16 @@ int clif_spawnmob (struct mob_data *md)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int clif_servertick (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_servertick(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7f;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = sd->server_tick;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x7f]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7f;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = sd->server_tick.time_since_epoch().count();
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x7f].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1451,18 +1071,18 @@ int clif_servertick (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_walkok (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_walkok(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x87;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = gettick ();;
-    WFIFOPOS2 (fd, 6, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 11) = 0;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x87]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x87;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = gettick().time_since_epoch().count();
+    WFIFOPOS2(fd, 6, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 11) = 0;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x87].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1471,28 +1091,19 @@ int clif_walkok (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_movechar (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_movechar(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
-    int  len;
+    int len;
     unsigned char buf[256];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
+    len = clif_set007b(sd, buf);
 
-    len = clif_set007b (sd, buf);
-
-    if (sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)
-    {
-        clif_send (buf, len, &sd->bl, AREA);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else
-        clif_send (buf, len, &sd->bl, AREA_WOS);
+    clif_send(buf, len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA_WOS);
 
     if (battle_config.save_clothcolor == 1 && sd->status.clothes_color > 0)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR,
                          sd->status.clothes_color);
 
     return 0;
@@ -1503,17 +1114,20 @@ int clif_movechar (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_quitsave (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_quitsave(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    map_quit (sd);
+    map_quit(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void clif_waitclose (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void clif_waitclose(TimerData *, tick_t, int id)
 {
+    // TODO: what happens if the player disconnects
+    // and someone else connects?
     if (session[id])
         session[id]->eof = 1;
 }
@@ -1522,31 +1136,31 @@ static void clif_waitclose (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_da
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_setwaitclose (int fd)
+void clif_setwaitclose(int fd)
 {
-    add_timer (gettick () + 5000, clif_waitclose, fd, 0);
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(5),
+            std::bind(clif_waitclose, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                fd)
+    ).detach();
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_changemap (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x, int y)
+int clif_changemap(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x, int y)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x91;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), mapname, 16);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 18) = x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 20) = y;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x91]);
-
-    if (sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)   // mob disguises [Valaris]
-        clif_spawnpc (sd);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x91;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2), mapname, 16);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 18) = x;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = y;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x91].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1555,21 +1169,21 @@ int clif_changemap (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x, int
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x,
+int clif_changemapserver(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x,
                           int y, struct in_addr ip, int port)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x92;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), mapname, 16);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 18) = x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 20) = y;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 22) = ip.s_addr;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 26) = port;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x92]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x92;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2), mapname, 16);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 18) = x;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = y;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 22) = ip.s_addr;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 26) = port;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x92].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1578,18 +1192,18 @@ int clif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_fixpos (struct block_list *bl)
+int clif_fixpos(struct block_list *bl)
 {
     uint8_t buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x88;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = bl->x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = bl->y;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x88;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = bl->x;
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = bl->y;
 
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x88], bl, AREA);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x88].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1598,16 +1212,16 @@ int clif_fixpos (struct block_list *bl)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_npcbuysell (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
+int clif_npcbuysell(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xc4;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xc4]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc4;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xc4].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1616,32 +1230,30 @@ int clif_npcbuysell (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_buylist (struct map_session_data *sd, struct npc_data *nd)
+int clif_buylist(struct map_session_data *sd, struct npc_data *nd)
 {
     struct item_data *id;
-    int  fd, i, val;
+    int fd, i, val;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xc6;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc6;
     for (i = 0; nd->u.shop_item[i].nameid > 0; i++)
     {
-        id = itemdb_search (nd->u.shop_item[i].nameid);
+        id = itemdb_search(nd->u.shop_item[i].nameid);
         val = nd->u.shop_item[i].value;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 4 + i * 11) = val;
-        if (!id->flag.value_notdc)
-            val = pc_modifybuyvalue (sd, val);
-        WFIFOL (fd, 8 + i * 11) = val;
-        WFIFOB (fd, 12 + i * 11) = id->type;
+        WFIFOL(fd, 4 + i * 11) = val; // base price
+        WFIFOL(fd, 8 + i * 11) = val; // actual price
+        WFIFOB(fd, 12 + i * 11) = uint8_t(id->type);
         if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13 + i * 11) = id->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 13 + i * 11) = id->view_id;
         else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13 + i * 11) = nd->u.shop_item[i].nameid;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 13 + i * 11) = nd->u.shop_item[i].nameid;
     }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = i * 11 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = i * 11 + 4;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1650,14 +1262,14 @@ int clif_buylist (struct map_session_data *sd, struct npc_data *nd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_selllist (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_selllist(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd, i, c = 0, val;
+    int fd, i, c = 0, val;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xc7;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc7;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid > 0 && sd->inventory_data[i])
@@ -1665,16 +1277,14 @@ int clif_selllist (struct map_session_data *sd)
             val = sd->inventory_data[i]->value_sell;
             if (val < 0)
                 continue;
-            WFIFOW (fd, 4 + c * 10) = i + 2;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6 + c * 10) = val;
-            if (!sd->inventory_data[i]->flag.value_notoc)
-                val = pc_modifysellvalue (sd, val);
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10 + c * 10) = val;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 4 + c * 10) = i + 2;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 6 + c * 10) = val; // base price
+            WFIFOL(fd, 10 + c * 10) = val; // actual price
             c++;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 10 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = c * 10 + 4;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1683,18 +1293,18 @@ int clif_selllist (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_scriptmes (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid, const char *mes)
+int clif_scriptmes(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid, const char *mes)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb4;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = strlen (mes) + 9;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = npcid;
-    strcpy ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 8), mes);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb4;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = strlen(mes) + 9;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = npcid;
+    strcpy((char *)WFIFOP(fd, 8), mes);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1703,16 +1313,16 @@ int clif_scriptmes (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid, const char *mes)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_scriptnext (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
+int clif_scriptnext(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb5;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xb5]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb5;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xb5].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1721,16 +1331,16 @@ int clif_scriptnext (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_scriptclose (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
+int clif_scriptclose(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb6;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xb6]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb6;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xb6].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1739,18 +1349,18 @@ int clif_scriptclose (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_scriptmenu (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid, const char *mes)
+int clif_scriptmenu(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid, const char *mes)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb7;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = strlen (mes) + 8;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = npcid;
-    strcpy ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 8), mes);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb7;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = strlen(mes) + 8;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = npcid;
+    strcpy((char *)WFIFOP(fd, 8), mes);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1759,16 +1369,16 @@ int clif_scriptmenu (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid, const char *mes)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_scriptinput (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
+int clif_scriptinput(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x142;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x142]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x142;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x142].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1777,16 +1387,16 @@ int clif_scriptinput (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_scriptinputstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
+int clif_scriptinputstr(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1d4;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = npcid;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1d4]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1d4;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npcid;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d4].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1795,22 +1405,22 @@ int clif_scriptinputstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_viewpoint (struct map_session_data *sd, int npc_id, int type, int x,
+int clif_viewpoint(struct map_session_data *sd, int npc_id, int type, int x,
                     int y, int id, int color)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x144;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = npc_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = type;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 10) = x;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 14) = y;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 18) = id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 19) = color;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x144]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x144;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = npc_id;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 6) = type;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 10) = x;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 14) = y;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 18) = id;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 19) = color;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x144].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1819,17 +1429,17 @@ int clif_viewpoint (struct map_session_data *sd, int npc_id, int type, int x,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_cutin (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *image, int type)
+int clif_cutin(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *image, int type)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1b3;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), image, 64);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 66) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1b3]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1b3;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2), image, 64);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 66) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x1b3].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1838,31 +1448,27 @@ int clif_cutin (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *image, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int fail)
+int clif_additem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, PickupFail fail)
 {
-    int  fd, j;
-    unsigned char *buf;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    if (fail)
+    int fd = sd->fd;
+    if (fail != PickupFail::OKAY)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xa0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = n + 2;
-        WBUFW (buf, 4) = amount;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 8) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 9) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 10) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 11) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 13) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 15) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 17) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 19) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 21) = 0;
-        WBUFB (buf, 22) = fail;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 11) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 21) = 0;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 22) = uint8_t(fail);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -1870,59 +1476,60 @@ int clif_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int fail)
             || sd->inventory_data[n] == NULL)
             return 1;
 
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xa0;
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = n + 2;
-        WBUFW (buf, 4) = amount;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
         if (sd->inventory_data[n]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->inventory_data[n]->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 6) = sd->inventory_data[n]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, 8) = sd->status.inventory[n].identify;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 6) = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = sd->status.inventory[n].identify;
         if (sd->status.inventory[n].broken == 1)
-            WBUFB (buf, 9) = 1; // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 1; // is weapon broken [Valaris]
         else
-            WBUFB (buf, 9) = sd->status.inventory[n].attribute;
-        WBUFB (buf, 10) = sd->status.inventory[n].refine;
+            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = sd->status.inventory[n].attribute;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = sd->status.inventory[n].refine;
         if (sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
         {
-            WBUFW (buf, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
-            WBUFW (buf, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
-            WBUFW (buf, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
-            WBUFW (buf, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
         }
         else
         {
+            int j;
             if (sd->status.inventory[n].card[0] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[n].card[0])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, 11) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[n].card[0])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 11) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[0];
             if (sd->status.inventory[n].card[1] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[n].card[1])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, 13) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[n].card[1])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 13) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[1];
             if (sd->status.inventory[n].card[2] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[n].card[2])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, 15) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[n].card[2])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 15) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[2];
             if (sd->status.inventory[n].card[3] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[n].card[3])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, 17) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[n].card[3])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 17) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[n].card[3];
         }
-        WBUFW (buf, 19) = pc_equippoint (sd, n);
-        WBUFB (buf, 21) =
-            (sd->inventory_data[n]->type ==
-             7) ? 4 : sd->inventory_data[n]->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, 22) = fail;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = uint16_t(pc_equippoint(sd, n));
+        WFIFOB(fd, 21) = uint8_t(sd->inventory_data[n]->type == ItemType::_7
+            ? ItemType::WEAPON
+            : sd->inventory_data[n]->type);
+        WFIFOB(fd, 22) = uint8_t(fail);
     }
 
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xa0]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xa0].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1930,18 +1537,18 @@ int clif_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int fail)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
+int clif_delitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xaf;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = amount;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xaf;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
 
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xaf]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xaf].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1950,51 +1557,49 @@ int clif_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_itemlist (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_itemlist(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, n, fd, arrow = -1;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1ee;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
+    int n = 0;
+    int arrow = -1;
+    int fd = sd->fd;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1ee;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid <= 0
             || sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL
-            || itemdb_isequip2 (sd->inventory_data[i]))
+            || itemdb_isequip2(sd->inventory_data[i]))
             continue;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 4) = i + 2;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 4) = i + 2;
         if (sd->inventory_data[i]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = sd->inventory_data[i]->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 6) = sd->inventory_data[i]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 8) = sd->inventory_data[i]->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 10) = sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
-        if (sd->inventory_data[i]->equip == 0x8000)
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 8) = uint8_t(sd->inventory_data[i]->type);
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 10) = sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
+        if (sd->inventory_data[i]->equip == EPOS::ARROW)
         {
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 12) = 0x8000;
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 12) = uint16_t(EPOS::ARROW);
+            if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
                 arrow = i;      // ����矢装備�ェック
         }
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 12) = uint16_t(EPOS::ZERO);
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
+        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
     }
     if (arrow >= 0)
-        clif_arrowequip (sd, arrow);
+        clif_arrowequip(sd, arrow);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2002,76 +1607,75 @@ int clif_itemlist (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_equiplist (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_equiplist(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, j, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xa4;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
+    int fd = sd->fd;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa4;
+    int n = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid <= 0
             || sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL
-            || !itemdb_isequip2 (sd->inventory_data[i]))
+            || !itemdb_isequip2(sd->inventory_data[i]))
             continue;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 4) = i + 2;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 4) = i + 2;
         if (sd->inventory_data[i]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = sd->inventory_data[i]->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 6) = sd->inventory_data[i]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 8) =
-            (sd->inventory_data[i]->type ==
-             7) ? 4 : sd->inventory_data[i]->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 10) = pc_equippoint (sd, i);
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 12) = sd->status.inventory[i].equip;
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 6) = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 8) = uint8_t(
+                sd->inventory_data[i]->type == ItemType::_7
+                ? ItemType::WEAPON
+                : sd->inventory_data[i]->type);
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 9) = sd->status.inventory[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 10) = uint16_t(pc_equippoint(sd, i));
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 12) = uint16_t(sd->status.inventory[i].equip);
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   // is weapon broken [Valaris]
         else
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].attribute;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 15) = sd->status.inventory[i].refine;
+            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = sd->status.inventory[i].attribute;
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 15) = sd->status.inventory[i].refine;
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
         {
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
         }
         else
         {
+            int j;
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[i].card[0])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[0];
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[1] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[i].card[1])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[i].card[1])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[1];
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[2] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[i].card[2])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[i].card[2])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[2];
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[3] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[i].card[3])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[i].card[3])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.inventory[i].card[3];
         }
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
+        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2080,45 +1684,44 @@ int clif_equiplist (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * カプラ�ん�����る消耗�&�集�リスト
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_storageitemlist (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor)
+int clif_storageitemlist(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor)
 {
-    struct item_data *id;
-    int  i, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1f0;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
+    int fd = sd->fd;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1f0;
+    int n = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
     {
         if (stor->storage_[i].nameid <= 0)
             continue;
-        nullpo_retr (0, id = itemdb_search (stor->storage_[i].nameid));
-        if (itemdb_isequip2 (id))
+
+        struct item_data *id;
+        id = itemdb_search(stor->storage_[i].nameid);
+        nullpo_ret(id);
+        if (itemdb_isequip2(id))
             continue;
 
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 4) = i + 1;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 4) = i + 1;
         if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = id->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 6) = id->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 8) = id->type;;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 10) = stor->storage_[i].amount;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 8) = uint8_t(id->type);
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 18 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 10) = stor->storage_[i].amount;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 18 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
+        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2127,206 +1730,77 @@ int clif_storageitemlist (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor)
  * カプラ�ん�����る装備リスト
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_storageequiplist (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor)
+int clif_storageequiplist(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor)
 {
-    struct item_data *id;
-    int  i, j, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xa6;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
+    int fd = sd->fd;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa6;
+    int n = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
     {
         if (stor->storage_[i].nameid <= 0)
             continue;
-        nullpo_retr (0, id = itemdb_search (stor->storage_[i].nameid));
-        if (!itemdb_isequip2 (id))
-            continue;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 4) = i + 1;
-        if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = id->view_id;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 8) = id->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 10) = id->equip;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 12) = stor->storage_[i].equip;
-        if (stor->storage_[i].broken == 1)
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   //is weapon broken [Valaris]
-        else
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].attribute;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 15) = stor->storage_[i].refine;
-        if (stor->storage_[i].card[0] == 0x00ff
-            || stor->storage_[i].card[0] == 0x00fe
-            || stor->storage_[i].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
-        {
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (stor->storage_[i].card[0] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[0])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-            if (stor->storage_[i].card[1] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[1])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-            if (stor->storage_[i].card[2] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[2])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-            if (stor->storage_[i].card[3] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[3])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
-        }
-        n++;
-    }
-    if (n)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guildstorageitemlist (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               struct guild_storage *stor)
-{
-    struct item_data *id;
-    int  i, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1f0;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_GUILD_STORAGE; i++)
-    {
-        if (stor->storage_[i].nameid <= 0)
-            continue;
-        nullpo_retr (0, id = itemdb_search (stor->storage_[i].nameid));
-        if (itemdb_isequip2 (id))
-            continue;
-
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 4) = i + 1;
-        if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = id->view_id;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 8) = id->type;;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 10) = stor->storage_[i].amount;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
-        n++;
-    }
-    if (n)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guildstorageequiplist (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                struct guild_storage *stor)
-{
-    struct item_data *id;
-    int  i, j, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xa6;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_GUILD_STORAGE; i++)
-    {
-        if (stor->storage_[i].nameid <= 0)
+        struct item_data *id;
+        id = itemdb_search(stor->storage_[i].nameid);
+        nullpo_ret(id);
+        if (!itemdb_isequip2(id))
             continue;
-        nullpo_retr (0, id = itemdb_search (stor->storage_[i].nameid));
-        if (!itemdb_isequip2 (id))
-            continue;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 4) = i + 1;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 4) = i + 1;
         if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = id->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 6) = id->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 8) = id->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 10) = id->equip;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 12) = stor->storage_[i].equip;
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 6) = stor->storage_[i].nameid;
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 8) = uint8_t(id->type);
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 9) = stor->storage_[i].identify;
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 10) = uint16_t(id->equip);
+        WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 12) = uint16_t(stor->storage_[i].equip);
         if (stor->storage_[i].broken == 1)
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   //is weapon broken [Valaris]
         else
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].attribute;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 15) = stor->storage_[i].refine;
+            WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 14) = stor->storage_[i].attribute;
+        WFIFOB(fd, n * 20 + 15) = stor->storage_[i].refine;
         if (stor->storage_[i].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || stor->storage_[i].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || stor->storage_[i].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
         {
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
         }
         else
         {
+            int j;
             if (stor->storage_[i].card[0] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[0])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[i].card[0])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 16) = stor->storage_[i].card[0];
             if (stor->storage_[i].card[1] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[1])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[i].card[1])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 18) = stor->storage_[i].card[1];
             if (stor->storage_[i].card[2] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[2])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[i].card[2])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 20) = stor->storage_[i].card[2];
             if (stor->storage_[i].card[3] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[i].card[3])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = j;
+                && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[i].card[3])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = j;
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
+                WFIFOW(fd, n * 20 + 22) = stor->storage_[i].card[3];
         }
         n++;
     }
     if (n)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
+        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2336,239 +1810,170 @@ int clif_guildstorageequiplist (struct map_session_data *sd,
  * 表示専用数字���中�計算���る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_updatestatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int clif_updatestatus(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type)
 {
-    int  fd, len = 8;
+    int fd, len = 8;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(type);
     switch (type)
     {
             // 00b0
-        case SP_WEIGHT:
-            pc_checkweighticon (sd);
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb0;
-            WFIFOW (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->weight;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAXWEIGHT:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->max_weight;
+        case SP::WEIGHT:
+            pc_checkweighticon(sd);
+            // is this because pc_checkweighticon can send other packets?
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb0;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(type);
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->weight;
             break;
-        case SP_SPEED:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->speed;
+        case SP::MAXWEIGHT:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->max_weight;
             break;
-        case SP_BASELEVEL:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.base_level;
+        case SP::SPEED:
+            // ...
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->speed.count());
             break;
-        case SP_JOBLEVEL:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = 0;
+        case SP::BASELEVEL:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.base_level;
             break;
-        case SP_MANNER:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.manner;
-            clif_changestatus (&sd->bl, SP_MANNER, sd->status.manner);
+        case SP::JOBLEVEL:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = 0;
             break;
-        case SP_STATUSPOINT:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.status_point;
+        case SP::STATUSPOINT:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.status_point;
             break;
-        case SP_SKILLPOINT:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.skill_point;
+        case SP::SKILLPOINT:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.skill_point;
             break;
-        case SP_HIT:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->hit;
+        case SP::HIT:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->hit;
             break;
-        case SP_FLEE1:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->flee;
+        case SP::FLEE1:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->flee;
             break;
-        case SP_FLEE2:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->flee2 / 10;
+        case SP::FLEE2:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->flee2 / 10;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXHP:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.max_hp;
+        case SP::MAXHP:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.max_hp;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXSP:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.max_sp;
+        case SP::MAXSP:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.max_sp;
             break;
-        case SP_HP:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.hp;
+        case SP::HP:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.hp;
             break;
-        case SP_SP:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.sp;
+        case SP::SP:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.sp;
             break;
-        case SP_ASPD:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->aspd;
+        case SP::ASPD:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->aspd.count());
             break;
-        case SP_ATK1:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
+        case SP::ATK1:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
             break;
-        case SP_DEF1:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->def;
+        case SP::DEF1:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->def;
             break;
-        case SP_MDEF1:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->mdef;
+        case SP::MDEF1:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->mdef;
             break;
-        case SP_ATK2:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->watk2;
+        case SP::ATK2:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->watk2;
             break;
-        case SP_DEF2:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->def2;
+        case SP::DEF2:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->def2;
             break;
-        case SP_MDEF2:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->mdef2;
+        case SP::MDEF2:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->mdef2;
             break;
-        case SP_CRITICAL:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->critical / 10;
+        case SP::CRITICAL:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->critical / 10;
             break;
-        case SP_MATK1:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->matk1;
+        case SP::MATK1:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->matk1;
             break;
-        case SP_MATK2:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->matk2;
+        case SP::MATK2:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->matk2;
             break;
 
-        case SP_ZENY:
-            trade_verifyzeny (sd);
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb1;
+        case SP::ZENY:
+            trade_verifyzeny(sd);
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
             if (sd->status.zeny < 0)
                 sd->status.zeny = 0;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.zeny;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.zeny;
             break;
-        case SP_BASEEXP:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.base_exp;
+        case SP::BASEEXP:
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.base_exp;
             break;
-        case SP_JOBEXP:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = sd->status.job_exp;
+        case SP::JOBEXP:
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = sd->status.job_exp;
             break;
-        case SP_NEXTBASEEXP:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = pc_nextbaseexp (sd);
+        case SP::NEXTBASEEXP:
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = pc_nextbaseexp(sd);
             break;
-        case SP_NEXTJOBEXP:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xb1;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = pc_nextjobexp (sd);
+        case SP::NEXTJOBEXP:
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xb1;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = pc_nextjobexp(sd);
             break;
 
             // 00be 終了
-        case SP_USTR:
-        case SP_UAGI:
-        case SP_UVIT:
-        case SP_UINT:
-        case SP_UDEX:
-        case SP_ULUK:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xbe;
-            WFIFOB (fd, 4) =
-                pc_need_status_point (sd, type - SP_USTR + SP_STR);
+        case SP::USTR:
+        case SP::UAGI:
+        case SP::UVIT:
+        case SP::UINT:
+        case SP::UDEX:
+        case SP::ULUK:
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xbe;
+            WFIFOB(fd, 4) = pc_need_status_point(sd, usp_to_sp(type));
             len = 5;
             break;
 
             // 013a 終了
-        case SP_ATTACKRANGE:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x13a;
-            WFIFOW (fd, 2) = (sd->attack_spell_override)
+        case SP::ATTACKRANGE:
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x13a;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 2) = (sd->attack_spell_override)
                 ? sd->attack_spell_range : sd->attackrange;
             len = 4;
             break;
 
             // 0141 終了
-        case SP_STR:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->status.str;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->paramb[0] + sd->parame[0];
-            len = 14;
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->status.agi;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->paramb[1] + sd->parame[1];
-            len = 14;
-            break;
-        case SP_VIT:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->status.vit;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->paramb[2] + sd->parame[2];
-            len = 14;
-            break;
-        case SP_INT:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->status.int_;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->paramb[3] + sd->parame[3];
-            len = 14;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEX:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->status.dex;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->paramb[4] + sd->parame[4];
-            len = 14;
-            break;
-        case SP_LUK:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x141;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->status.luk;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->paramb[5] + sd->parame[5];
-            len = 14;
-            break;
-
-        case SP_CARTINFO:
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x121;
-            WFIFOW (fd, 2) = sd->cart_num;
-            WFIFOW (fd, 4) = sd->cart_max_num;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 6) = sd->cart_weight;
-            WFIFOL (fd, 10) = sd->cart_max_weight;
+        case SP::STR:
+        case SP::AGI:
+        case SP::VIT:
+        case SP::INT:
+        case SP::DEX:
+        case SP::LUK:
+        {
+            ATTR attr = sp_to_attr(type);
+            WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x141;
+            WFIFOL(fd, 2) = uint16_t(type);
+            WFIFOL(fd, 6) = sd->status.attrs[attr];
+            WFIFOL(fd, 10) = sd->paramb[attr] + sd->parame[attr];
             len = 14;
+        }
             break;
 
-        case SP_GM:
-            WFIFOL (fd, 4) = pc_isGM (sd);
+        case SP::GM:
+            WFIFOL(fd, 4) = pc_isGM(sd);
             break;
 
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("clif_updatestatus : make %d routine\n", type);
+                PRINTF("clif_updatestatus : make %d routine\n",
+                        type);
             return 1;
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, len);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int clif_changestatus (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[12];
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-
-//printf("clif_changestatus id:%d type:%d val:%d\n",bl->id,type,val);
-    if (sd)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1ab;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 6) = type;
-        switch (type)
-        {
-            case SP_MANNER:
-                WBUFL (buf, 8) = val;
-                break;
-            default:
-                if (battle_config.error_log)
-                    printf ("clif_changestatus : make %d routine\n", type);
-                return 1;
-        }
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1ab], bl, AREA_WOS);
-    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2576,108 +1981,102 @@ int clif_changestatus (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_changelook (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val)
+int clif_changelook(struct block_list *bl, LOOK type, int val)
 {
-    return clif_changelook_towards (bl, type, val, NULL);
+    return clif_changelook_towards(bl, type, val, NULL);
 }
 
-int clif_changelook_towards (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val,
+int clif_changelook_towards(struct block_list *bl, LOOK type, int val,
                              struct map_session_data *dstsd)
 {
-    unsigned char rbuf[32];
-    unsigned char *buf = dstsd ? WFIFOP (dstsd->fd, 0) : rbuf;  // pick target buffer or general-purpose one
+    unsigned char buf[32];
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
-    if (sd && sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001) // mob disguises [Valaris]
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd && sd->status.option & OPTION_INVISIBILITY)
+    if (sd && bool(sd->status.option & Option::INVISIBILITY))
         return 0;
 
     if (sd
-        && (type == LOOK_WEAPON || type == LOOK_SHIELD || type >= LOOK_SHOES))
+        && (type == LOOK::WEAPON || type == LOOK::SHIELD || type >= LOOK::SHOES))
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d7;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-        if (type >= LOOK_SHOES)
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1d7;
+        WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+        if (type >= LOOK::SHOES)
         {
-            int  equip_point = equip_points[type];
+            EQUIP equip_point = equip_points[type];
 
-            WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
+            WBUFB(buf, 6) = uint16_t(type);
             if (sd->equip_index[equip_point] >= 0
                 && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[equip_point]])
             {
                 if (sd->
                     inventory_data[sd->equip_index[equip_point]]->view_id > 0)
-                    WBUFW (buf, 7) =
+                    WBUFW(buf, 7) =
                         sd->inventory_data[sd->
                                            equip_index[equip_point]]->view_id;
                 else
-                    WBUFW (buf, 7) =
+                    WBUFW(buf, 7) =
                         sd->status.inventory[sd->
                                              equip_index[equip_point]].nameid;
             }
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 7) = 0;
-            WBUFW (buf, 9) = 0;
+                WBUFW(buf, 7) = 0;
+            WBUFW(buf, 9) = 0;
         }
         else
         {
-            WBUFB (buf, 6) = 2;
+            WBUFB(buf, 6) = 2;
             if (sd->attack_spell_override)
-                WBUFW (buf, 7) = sd->attack_spell_look_override;
+                WBUFW(buf, 7) = sd->attack_spell_look_override;
             else
             {
-                if (sd->equip_index[9] >= 0
-                    && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]
-                    && sd->view_class != 22)
+                if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON] >= 0
+                    && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]])
                 {
-                    if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->view_id > 0)
-                        WBUFW (buf, 7) =
-                            sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[9]]->view_id;
+                    if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->view_id > 0)
+                        WBUFW(buf, 7) =
+                            sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]]->view_id;
                     else
-                        WBUFW (buf, 7) =
-                            sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[9]].nameid;
+                        WBUFW(buf, 7) =
+                            sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]].nameid;
                 }
                 else
-                    WBUFW (buf, 7) = 0;
+                    WBUFW(buf, 7) = 0;
             }
-            if (sd->equip_index[8] >= 0
-                && sd->equip_index[8] != sd->equip_index[9]
-                && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]
-                && sd->view_class != 22)
+            if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] >= 0
+                && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] != sd->equip_index[EQUIP::WEAPON]
+                && sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]])
             {
-                if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->view_id > 0)
-                    WBUFW (buf, 9) =
-                        sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[8]]->view_id;
+                if (sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->view_id > 0)
+                    WBUFW(buf, 9) =
+                        sd->inventory_data[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]]->view_id;
                 else
-                    WBUFW (buf, 9) =
-                        sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[8]].nameid;
+                    WBUFW(buf, 9) =
+                        sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD]].nameid;
             }
             else
-                WBUFW (buf, 9) = 0;
+                WBUFW(buf, 9) = 0;
         }
         if (dstsd)
-            WFIFOSET (dstsd->fd, packet_len_table[0x1d7]);
+            clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d7].len, &dstsd->bl, SendWho::SELF);
         else
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1d7], bl, AREA);
+            clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d7].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d7;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-        WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
-        WBUFW (buf, 7) = val;
-        WBUFW (buf, 9) = 0;
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1d7;
+        WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+        WBUFB(buf, 6) = uint8_t(type);
+        WBUFW(buf, 7) = val;
+        WBUFW(buf, 9) = 0;
         if (dstsd)
-            WFIFOSET (dstsd->fd, packet_len_table[0x1d7]);
+            clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d7].len, &dstsd->bl, SendWho::SELF);
         else
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1d7], bl, AREA);
+            clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1d7].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2687,57 +2086,54 @@ int clif_changelook_towards (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int clif_initialstatus (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_initialstatus(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    int fd = sd->fd;
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xbd;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = sd->status.status_point;
-    WBUFB (buf, 4) = (sd->status.str > 255) ? 255 : sd->status.str;
-    WBUFB (buf, 5) = pc_need_status_point (sd, SP_STR);
-    WBUFB (buf, 6) = (sd->status.agi > 255) ? 255 : sd->status.agi;
-    WBUFB (buf, 7) = pc_need_status_point (sd, SP_AGI);
-    WBUFB (buf, 8) = (sd->status.vit > 255) ? 255 : sd->status.vit;
-    WBUFB (buf, 9) = pc_need_status_point (sd, SP_VIT);
-    WBUFB (buf, 10) = (sd->status.int_ > 255) ? 255 : sd->status.int_;
-    WBUFB (buf, 11) = pc_need_status_point (sd, SP_INT);
-    WBUFB (buf, 12) = (sd->status.dex > 255) ? 255 : sd->status.dex;
-    WBUFB (buf, 13) = pc_need_status_point (sd, SP_DEX);
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = (sd->status.luk > 255) ? 255 : sd->status.luk;
-    WBUFB (buf, 15) = pc_need_status_point (sd, SP_LUK);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 16) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
-    WBUFW (buf, 18) = sd->watk2;    //atk bonus
-    WBUFW (buf, 20) = sd->matk1;
-    WBUFW (buf, 22) = sd->matk2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 24) = sd->def;  // def
-    WBUFW (buf, 26) = sd->def2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 28) = sd->mdef; // mdef
-    WBUFW (buf, 30) = sd->mdef2;
-    WBUFW (buf, 32) = sd->hit;
-    WBUFW (buf, 34) = sd->flee;
-    WBUFW (buf, 36) = sd->flee2 / 10;
-    WBUFW (buf, 38) = sd->critical / 10;
-    WBUFW (buf, 40) = sd->status.karma;
-    WBUFW (buf, 42) = sd->status.manner;
-
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xbd]);
-
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STR);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_AGI);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_VIT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_INT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_DEX);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_LUK);
-
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ATTACKRANGE);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ASPD);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xbd;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = sd->status.status_point;
+
+    WFIFOB(fd, 4) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR], 255);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 5) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::STR);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI], 255);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 7) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::AGI);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 8) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT], 255);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 9) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::VIT);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT], 255);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 11) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::INT);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 12) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX], 255);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 13) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::DEX);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 14) = min(sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK], 255);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 15) = pc_need_status_point(sd, SP::LUK);
+
+    WFIFOW(fd, 16) = sd->base_atk + sd->watk;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 18) = sd->watk2;    //atk bonus
+    WFIFOW(fd, 20) = sd->matk1;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 22) = sd->matk2;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 24) = sd->def;  // def
+    WFIFOW(fd, 26) = sd->def2;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 28) = sd->mdef; // mdef
+    WFIFOW(fd, 30) = sd->mdef2;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 32) = sd->hit;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 34) = sd->flee;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 36) = sd->flee2 / 10;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 38) = sd->critical / 10;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 40) = sd->status.karma;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 42) = sd->status.manner;
+
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xbd].len);
+
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STR);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::AGI);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::VIT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::INT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::DEX);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::LUK);
+
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ATTACKRANGE);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ASPD);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2746,20 +2142,20 @@ int clif_initialstatus (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *矢装備
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_arrowequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int val)
+int clif_arrowequip(struct map_session_data *sd, int val)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->attacktarget && sd->attacktarget > 0)   // [Valaris]
         sd->attacktarget = 0;
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x013c;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = val + 2;   //矢�アイテムID
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x013c;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = val + 2;   //矢�アイテムID
 
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x013c]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x013c].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2768,17 +2164,17 @@ int clif_arrowequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int val)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_arrow_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int clif_arrow_fail(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x013b;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x013b;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = type;
 
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x013b]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x013b].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2787,18 +2183,18 @@ int clif_arrow_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_statusupack (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int ok, int val)
+int clif_statusupack(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type, int ok, int val)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xbc;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 4) = ok;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 5) = val;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xbc]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xbc;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = uint16_t(type);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 4) = ok;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 5) = val;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xbc].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2807,18 +2203,18 @@ int clif_statusupack (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int ok, int val)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_equipitemack (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int pos, int ok)
+int clif_equipitemack(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, EPOS pos, int ok)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xaa;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = pos;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = ok;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xaa]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xaa;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = uint16_t(pos);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ok;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xaa].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2827,18 +2223,18 @@ int clif_equipitemack (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int pos, int ok)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_unequipitemack (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int pos, int ok)
+int clif_unequipitemack(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, EPOS pos, int ok)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xac;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = pos;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = ok;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xac]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xac;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = n + 2;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = uint16_t(pos);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ok;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xac].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2847,17 +2243,17 @@ int clif_unequipitemack (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int pos, int ok)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_misceffect (struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int clif_misceffect(struct block_list *bl, int type)
 {
     uint8_t buf[32];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x19b;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = type;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x19b;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = type;
 
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x19b], bl, AREA);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x19b].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2866,54 +2262,24 @@ int clif_misceffect (struct block_list *bl, int type)
  * 表示オプション変更
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_changeoption (struct block_list *bl)
+int clif_changeoption(struct block_list *bl)
 {
     uint8_t buf[32];
-    short option;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    static const int omask[] = { 0x10, 0x20 };
-    static const int scnum[] = { SC_FALCON, SC_RIDING };
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    option = *battle_get_option (bl);
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x119;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = *battle_get_opt1 (bl);
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = *battle_get_opt2 (bl);
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = option;
-    WBUFB (buf, 12) = 0;        // ??
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-    {                           // disguises [Valaris]
-        struct map_session_data *sd = ((struct map_session_data *) bl);
-        if (sd && sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)
-        {
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x119], bl, AREA_WOS);
-            clif_spawnpc (sd);
-        }
-        else
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x119], bl, AREA);
-    }
-    else
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x119], bl, AREA);
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    // アイコン�表示
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof (omask) / sizeof (omask[0]); i++)
-    {
-        if (option & omask[i])
-        {
-            if (sc_data[scnum[i]].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, scnum[i], 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, scnum[i], -1);
-        }
-    }
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+
+    Option option = *battle_get_option(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x119;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = uint16_t(*battle_get_opt1(bl));
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = uint16_t(*battle_get_opt2(bl));
+    WBUFW(buf, 10) = uint16_t(option);
+    WBUFB(buf, 12) = 0;        // ??
+
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x119].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2922,244 +2288,36 @@ int clif_changeoption (struct block_list *bl)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_useitemack (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
+int clif_useitemack(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
                      int ok)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (!ok)
     {
-        int  fd = sd->fd;
-        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xa8;
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = index + 2;
-        WFIFOW (fd, 4) = amount;
-        WFIFOB (fd, 6) = ok;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xa8]);
+        int fd = sd->fd;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xa8;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index + 2;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
+        WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ok;
+        WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xa8].len);
     }
     else
     {
         uint8_t buf[32];
 
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1c8;
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = index + 2;
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1c8;
+        WBUFW(buf, 2) = index + 2;
         if (sd->inventory_data[index]
             && sd->inventory_data[index]->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 4) = sd->inventory_data[index]->view_id;
+            WBUFW(buf, 4) = sd->inventory_data[index]->view_id;
         else
-            WBUFW (buf, 4) = sd->status.inventory[index].nameid;
-        WBUFL (buf, 6) = sd->bl.id;
-        WBUFW (buf, 10) = amount;
-        WBUFB (buf, 12) = ok;
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1c8], &sd->bl, SELF);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_createchat (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xd6;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xd6]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_dispchat (struct chat_data *cd, int fd)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[128];              // 最大title(60�イト)+17
-
-    if (cd == NULL || *cd->owner == NULL)
-        return 1;
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xd7;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = strlen (cd->title) + 17;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = (*cd->owner)->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = cd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = cd->limit;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = cd->users;
-    WBUFB (buf, 16) = cd->pub;
-    strcpy ((char *)WBUFP (buf, 17), cd->title);
-    if (fd)
-    {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), *cd->owner, AREA_WOSC);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * chat�状態変更�功
- * 外部�人用�命令コード(d7->df)�����
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_changechatstatus (struct chat_data *cd)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[128];              // 最大title(60�イト)+17
-
-    if (cd == NULL || cd->usersd[0] == NULL)
-        return 1;
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xdf;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = strlen (cd->title) + 17;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = cd->usersd[0]->bl.id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = cd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = cd->limit;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = cd->users;
-    WBUFB (buf, 16) = cd->pub;
-    strcpy ((char *)WBUFP (buf, 17), cd->title);
-    clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), &cd->usersd[0]->bl, CHAT);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_clearchat (struct chat_data *cd, int fd)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xd8;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = cd->bl.id;
-    if (fd)
-    {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, packet_len_table[0xd8]);
-        WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xd8]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xd8], *cd->owner, AREA_WOSC);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_joinchatfail (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xda;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xda]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_joinchatok (struct map_session_data *sd, struct chat_data *cd)
-{
-    int  fd;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xdb;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 8 + (28 * cd->users);
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = cd->bl.id;
-    for (i = 0; i < cd->users; i++)
-    {
-        WFIFOL (fd, 8 + i * 28) = (i != 0) || ((*cd->owner)->type == BL_NPC);
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 8 + i * 28 + 4), cd->usersd[i]->status.name, 24);
+            WBUFW(buf, 4) = sd->status.inventory[index].nameid;
+        WBUFL(buf, 6) = sd->bl.id;
+        WBUFW(buf, 10) = amount;
+        WBUFB(buf, 12) = ok;
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1c8].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::SELF);
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_addchat (struct chat_data *cd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x0dc;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = cd->users;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), sd->status.name, 24);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xdc], &sd->bl, CHAT_WOS);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_changechatowner (struct chat_data *cd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[64];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xe1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = 1;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 6), cd->usersd[0]->status.name, 24);
-    WBUFW (buf, 30) = 0xe1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 32) = 0;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 36), sd->status.name, 24);
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xe1] * 2, &sd->bl, CHAT);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_leavechat (struct chat_data *cd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, cd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xdd;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = cd->users - 1;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), sd->status.name, 24);
-    WBUFB (buf, 28) = 0;
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xdd], &sd->bl, CHAT);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3168,16 +2326,16 @@ int clif_leavechat (struct chat_data *cd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  * �り引��請��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
+int clif_traderequest(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xe5;
-    strcpy ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 2), name);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xe5]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xe5;
+    strcpy((char *)WFIFOP(fd, 2), name);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xe5].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3186,16 +2344,16 @@ int clif_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
  * �り引��求応答
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_tradestart (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int clif_tradestart(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xe7;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xe7]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xe7;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xe7].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3204,80 +2362,80 @@ int clif_tradestart (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * 相手方�ら�アイテム追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd,
+int clif_tradeadditem(struct map_session_data *sd,
                        struct map_session_data *tsd, int index, int amount)
 {
-    int  fd, j;
+    int fd, j;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, tsd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(tsd);
 
     fd = tsd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xe9;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = amount;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xe9;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = amount;
     if (index == 0)
     {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 0;     // type id
-        WFIFOB (fd, 8) = 0;     //identify flag
-        WFIFOB (fd, 9) = 0;     // attribute
-        WFIFOB (fd, 10) = 0;    //refine
-        WFIFOW (fd, 11) = 0;    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 13) = 0;    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 15) = 0;    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 17) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;     // type id
+        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = 0;     //identify flag
+        WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 0;     // attribute
+        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = 0;    //refine
+        WFIFOW(fd, 11) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = 0;    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = 0;    //card (4w)
     }
     else
     {
         index -= 2;
         if (sd->inventory_data[index]
             && sd->inventory_data[index]->view_id > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 6) = sd->inventory_data[index]->view_id;
+            WFIFOW(fd, 6) = sd->inventory_data[index]->view_id;
         else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 6) = sd->status.inventory[index].nameid;    // type id
-        WFIFOB (fd, 8) = sd->status.inventory[index].identify;  //identify flag
+            WFIFOW(fd, 6) = sd->status.inventory[index].nameid;    // type id
+        WFIFOB(fd, 8) = sd->status.inventory[index].identify;  //identify flag
         if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1)
-            WFIFOB (fd, 9) = 1; // is broke weapon [Valaris]
+            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = 1; // is broke weapon [Valaris]
         else
-            WFIFOB (fd, 9) = sd->status.inventory[index].attribute; // attribute
-        WFIFOB (fd, 10) = sd->status.inventory[index].refine;   //refine
+            WFIFOB(fd, 9) = sd->status.inventory[index].attribute; // attribute
+        WFIFOB(fd, 10) = sd->status.inventory[index].refine;   //refine
         if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == 0x00ff
             || sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == 0x00fe
             || sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
         {
-            WFIFOW (fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];  //card (4w)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];  //card (4w)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];  //card (4w)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];  //card (4w)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];  //card (4w)
         }
         else
         {
             if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] > 0
                 && (j =
-                    itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0])) > 0)
-                WFIFOW (fd, 11) = j;
+                    itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[index].card[0])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 11) = j;
             else
-                WFIFOW (fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 11) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[0];
             if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[1] > 0
                 && (j =
-                    itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[index].card[1])) > 0)
-                WFIFOW (fd, 13) = j;
+                    itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[index].card[1])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 13) = j;
             else
-                WFIFOW (fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 13) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[1];
             if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[2] > 0
                 && (j =
-                    itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[index].card[2])) > 0)
-                WFIFOW (fd, 15) = j;
+                    itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[index].card[2])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 15) = j;
             else
-                WFIFOW (fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 15) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[2];
             if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[3] > 0
                 && (j =
-                    itemdb_viewid (sd->status.inventory[index].card[3])) > 0)
-                WFIFOW (fd, 17) = j;
+                    itemdb_viewid(sd->status.inventory[index].card[3])) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd, 17) = j;
             else
-                WFIFOW (fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];
+                WFIFOW(fd, 17) = sd->status.inventory[index].card[3];
         }
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xe9]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xe9].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3286,20 +2444,19 @@ int clif_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd,
  * アイテム追加�功/失敗
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_tradeitemok (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
+int clif_tradeitemok(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
                       int fail)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1b1;
-    //WFIFOW(fd,0)=0xea;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = index;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = amount;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1b1]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x1b1;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = amount;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 6) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x1b1].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3308,16 +2465,16 @@ int clif_tradeitemok (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
  * �り引�ok押�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_tradedeal_lock (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
+int clif_tradedeal_lock(struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xec;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = fail;      // 0=you 1=the other person
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xec]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xec;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;      // 0=you 1=the other person
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xec].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3326,15 +2483,15 @@ int clif_tradedeal_lock (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
  * �り引��キャンセル�れ���
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_tradecancelled (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_tradecancelled(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xee;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xee]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xee;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xee].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3343,16 +2500,16 @@ int clif_tradecancelled (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * �り引�完了
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_tradecompleted (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
+int clif_tradecompleted(struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf0;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf0]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf0;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf0].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3361,19 +2518,19 @@ int clif_tradecompleted (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail)
  * カプラ倉庫�アイテム数を更新
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_updatestorageamount (struct map_session_data *sd,
+int clif_updatestorageamount(struct map_session_data *sd,
                               struct storage *stor)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf2;      // update storage amount
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = stor->storage_amount;  //items
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = MAX_STORAGE;   //items max
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf2]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf2;      // update storage amount
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = stor->storage_amount;  //items
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = MAX_STORAGE;   //items max
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf2].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3382,146 +2539,61 @@ int clif_updatestorageamount (struct map_session_data *sd,
  * カプラ倉庫�アイテムを追加�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_storageitemadded (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
+int clif_storageitemadded(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
                            int index, int amount)
 {
-    int  fd, j;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf4;      // Storage item added
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = index + 1; // index
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = amount;    // amount
-/*	if((view = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].nameid)) > 0)
-		WFIFOW(fd,8) =view;
-	else*/
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = stor->storage_[index].nameid;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) = stor->storage_[index].identify;   //identify flag
-    if (stor->storage_[index].broken == 1)
-        WFIFOB (fd, 11) = 1;    // is weapon broken [Valaris]
-    else
-        WFIFOB (fd, 11) = stor->storage_[index].attribute;  // attribute
-    WFIFOB (fd, 12) = stor->storage_[index].refine; //refine
-    if (stor->storage_[index].card[0] == 0x00ff
-        || stor->storage_[index].card[0] == 0x00fe
-        || stor->storage_[index].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
-    {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];    //card (4w)
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (stor->storage_[index].card[0] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[0])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13) = j;
-        else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];
-        if (stor->storage_[index].card[1] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[1])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 15) = j;
-        else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];
-        if (stor->storage_[index].card[2] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[2])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 17) = j;
-        else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];
-        if (stor->storage_[index].card[3] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[3])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 19) = j;
-        else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];
-    }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf4]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_updateguildstorageamount (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                   struct guild_storage *stor)
-{
-    int  fd;
+    int fd, j;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf2;      // update storage amount
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = stor->storage_amount;  //items
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = MAX_GUILD_STORAGE; //items max
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf2]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guildstorageitemadded (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                struct guild_storage *stor, int index,
-                                int amount)
-{
-    int  view, fd, j;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf4;      // Storage item added
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = index + 1; // index
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = amount;    // amount
-    if ((view = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].nameid)) > 0)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 8) = view;
-    else
-        WFIFOW (fd, 8) = stor->storage_[index].nameid;  // id
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) = stor->storage_[index].identify;   //identify flag
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf4;      // Storage item added
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index + 1; // index
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = amount;    // amount
+/*      if ((view = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].nameid)) > 0)
+                WFIFOW(fd,8) =view;
+        else*/
+    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = stor->storage_[index].nameid;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = stor->storage_[index].identify;   //identify flag
     if (stor->storage_[index].broken == 1)
-        WFIFOB (fd, 11) = 1;    // is weapon broken [Valaris]
+        WFIFOB(fd, 11) = 1;    // is weapon broken [Valaris]
     else
-        WFIFOB (fd, 11) = stor->storage_[index].attribute;  // attribute
-    WFIFOB (fd, 12) = stor->storage_[index].refine; //refine
+        WFIFOB(fd, 11) = stor->storage_[index].attribute;  // attribute
+    WFIFOB(fd, 12) = stor->storage_[index].refine; //refine
     if (stor->storage_[index].card[0] == 0x00ff
         || stor->storage_[index].card[0] == 0x00fe
         || stor->storage_[index].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
     {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];    //card (4w)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];    //card (4w)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];    //card (4w)
     }
     else
     {
         if (stor->storage_[index].card[0] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[0])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13) = j;
+            && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].card[0])) > 0)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = j;
         else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 13) = stor->storage_[index].card[0];
         if (stor->storage_[index].card[1] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[1])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 15) = j;
+            && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].card[1])) > 0)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = j;
         else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 15) = stor->storage_[index].card[1];
         if (stor->storage_[index].card[2] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[2])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 17) = j;
+            && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].card[2])) > 0)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = j;
         else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 17) = stor->storage_[index].card[2];
         if (stor->storage_[index].card[3] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (stor->storage_[index].card[3])) > 0)
-            WFIFOW (fd, 19) = j;
+            && (j = itemdb_viewid(stor->storage_[index].card[3])) > 0)
+            WFIFOW(fd, 19) = j;
         else
-            WFIFOW (fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];
+            WFIFOW(fd, 19) = stor->storage_[index].card[3];
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf4]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf4].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3530,18 +2602,18 @@ int clif_guildstorageitemadded (struct map_session_data *sd,
  * カプラ倉庫�らアイテムを�り去る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_storageitemremoved (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
+int clif_storageitemremoved(struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
                              int amount)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf6;      // Storage item removed
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = index + 1;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = amount;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf6]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf6;      // Storage item removed
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = index + 1;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 4) = amount;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf6].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3550,27 +2622,24 @@ int clif_storageitemremoved (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
  * カプラ倉庫を閉�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_storageclose(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xf8;      // Storage Closed
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xf8]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xf8;      // Storage Closed
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xf8].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void
-clif_changelook_accessories (struct block_list *bl,
+void clif_changelook_accessories(struct block_list *bl,
                              struct map_session_data *dest)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = LOOK_SHOES; i <= LOOK_LAST; i++)
-        clif_changelook_towards (bl, i, 0, dest);
+    for (LOOK i = LOOK::SHOES; i < LOOK::COUNT; i = LOOK(uint8_t(i) + 1))
+        clif_changelook_towards(bl, i, 0, dest);
 }
 
 //
@@ -3581,49 +2650,34 @@ clif_changelook_accessories (struct block_list *bl,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_getareachar_pc (struct map_session_data *sd,
+void clif_getareachar_pc(struct map_session_data *sd,
                           struct map_session_data *dstsd)
 {
-    int  len;
+    int len;
 
-    if (dstsd->status.option & OPTION_INVISIBILITY)
+    if (bool(dstsd->status.option & Option::INVISIBILITY))
         return;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-    nullpo_retv (dstsd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
+    nullpo_retv(dstsd);
 
-    if (dstsd->walktimer != -1)
+    if (dstsd->walktimer)
     {
-        len = clif_set007b (dstsd, WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0));
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+        len = clif_set007b(dstsd, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
+        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
     }
     else
     {
-        len = clif_set0078 (dstsd, WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0));
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+        len = clif_set0078(dstsd, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
+        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
     }
 
-    if (dstsd->chatID)
-    {
-        struct chat_data *cd;
-        cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (dstsd->chatID);
-        if (cd->usersd[0] == dstsd)
-            clif_dispchat (cd, sd->fd);
-    }
-    if (dstsd->spiritball > 0)
-    {
-        clif_set01e1 (dstsd, WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0));
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, packet_len_table[0x1e1]);
-    }
     if (battle_config.save_clothcolor == 1 && dstsd->status.clothes_color > 0)
-        clif_changelook (&dstsd->bl, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,
+        clif_changelook(&dstsd->bl, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR,
                          dstsd->status.clothes_color);
 
-    if (sd->status.manner < 0)
-        clif_changestatus (&sd->bl, SP_MANNER, sd->status.manner);
-
-    clif_changelook_accessories (&sd->bl, dstsd);
-    clif_changelook_accessories (&dstsd->bl, sd);
+    clif_changelook_accessories(&sd->bl, dstsd);
+    clif_changelook_accessories(&dstsd->bl, sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3631,42 +2685,33 @@ void clif_getareachar_pc (struct map_session_data *sd,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_getareachar_npc (struct map_session_data *sd, struct npc_data *nd)
+void clif_getareachar_npc(struct map_session_data *sd, struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    int  len;
+    int len;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-    nullpo_retv (nd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
+    nullpo_retv(nd);
 
     if (nd->npc_class < 0 || nd->flag & 1 || nd->npc_class == INVISIBLE_CLASS)
         return;
 
-    len = clif_npc0078 (nd, WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0));
-    WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
-
-    if (nd->chat_id)
-    {
-        clif_dispchat ((struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id), sd->fd);
-    }
-
+    len = clif_npc0078(nd, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
+    WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 移動�止
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_movemob (struct mob_data *md)
+int clif_movemob(struct mob_data *md)
 {
     unsigned char buf[256];
-    int  len;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    int len;
 
-    len = clif_mob007b (md, buf);
-    clif_send (buf, len, &md->bl, AREA);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (mob_get_equip (md->mob_class) > 0)  // mob equipment [Valaris]
-        clif_mob_equip (md, mob_get_equip (md->mob_class));
+    len = clif_mob007b(md, buf);
+    clif_send(buf, len, &md->bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3675,22 +2720,22 @@ int clif_movemob (struct mob_data *md)
  * モンスター��置修正
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_fixmobpos (struct mob_data *md)
+int clif_fixmobpos(struct mob_data *md)
 {
     unsigned char buf[256];
-    int  len;
+    int len;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
+    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
     {
-        len = clif_mob007b (md, buf);
-        clif_send (buf, len, &md->bl, AREA);
+        len = clif_mob007b(md, buf);
+        clif_send(buf, len, &md->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
     {
-        len = clif_mob0078 (md, buf);
-        clif_send (buf, len, &md->bl, AREA);
+        len = clif_mob0078(md, buf);
+        clif_send(buf, len, &md->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -3700,24 +2745,24 @@ int clif_fixmobpos (struct mob_data *md)
  * PC��置修正
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_fixpcpos (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_fixpcpos(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[256];
-    int  len;
+    int len;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->walktimer != -1)
+    if (sd->walktimer)
     {
-        len = clif_set007b (sd, buf);
-        clif_send (buf, len, &sd->bl, AREA);
+        len = clif_set007b(sd, buf);
+        clif_send(buf, len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
     {
-        len = clif_set0078 (sd, buf);
-        clif_send (buf, len, &sd->bl, AREA);
+        len = clif_set0078(sd, buf);
+        clif_send(buf, len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
-    clif_changelook_accessories (&sd->bl, NULL);
+    clif_changelook_accessories(&sd->bl, NULL);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3726,49 +2771,29 @@ int clif_fixpcpos (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * 通常攻撃エフェクト＆ダメージ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                 unsigned int tick, int sdelay, int ddelay, int damage,
-                 int div, int type, int damage2)
+int clif_damage(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
+        tick_t tick, interval_t sdelay, interval_t ddelay, int damage,
+        int div, DamageType type, int damage2)
 {
     unsigned char buf[256];
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dst);
+    nullpo_ret(src);
+    nullpo_ret(dst);
 
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (dst);
-
-    if (type != 4 && dst->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) dst)->special_state.infinite_endure)
-        type = 9;
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (type != 4 && sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer != -1)
-            type = 9;
-        if (sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].timer != -1)
-        {
-            if (damage > 0)
-                damage =
-                    damage * (5 + sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].val1) +
-                    MRAND (100);
-            if (damage2 > 0)
-                damage2 =
-                    damage2 * (5 + sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].val1) +
-                    MRAND (100);
-        }
-    }
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(dst);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x8a;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = src->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = dst->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = tick;
-    WBUFL (buf, 14) = sdelay;
-    WBUFL (buf, 18) = ddelay;
-    WBUFW (buf, 22) = (damage > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : damage;
-    WBUFW (buf, 24) = div;
-    WBUFB (buf, 26) = type;
-    WBUFW (buf, 27) = damage2;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x8a], src, AREA);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x8a;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = src->id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = dst->id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 10) = tick.time_since_epoch().count();
+    WBUFL(buf, 14) = sdelay.count();
+    WBUFL(buf, 18) = ddelay.count();
+    WBUFW(buf, 22) = (damage > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : damage;
+    WBUFW(buf, 24) = div;
+    WBUFB(buf, 26) = static_cast<uint8_t>(type);
+    WBUFW(buf, 27) = damage2;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x8a].len, src, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3778,25 +2803,22 @@ int clif_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_getareachar_mob (struct map_session_data *sd, struct mob_data *md)
+void clif_getareachar_mob(struct map_session_data *sd, struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    int  len;
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-    nullpo_retv (md);
+    int len;
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
+    nullpo_retv(md);
 
-    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
+    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
     {
-        len = clif_mob007b (md, WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0));
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+        len = clif_mob007b(md, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
+        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
     }
     else
     {
-        len = clif_mob0078 (md, WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0));
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
+        len = clif_mob0078(md, static_cast<uint8_t *>(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0)));
+        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
     }
-
-    if (mob_get_equip (md->mob_class) > 0)  // mob equipment [Valaris]
-        clif_mob_equip (md, mob_get_equip (md->mob_class));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3804,127 +2826,30 @@ void clif_getareachar_mob (struct map_session_data *sd, struct mob_data *md)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_getareachar_item (struct map_session_data *sd,
+void clif_getareachar_item(struct map_session_data *sd,
                             struct flooritem_data *fitem)
 {
-    int  view, fd;
+    int view, fd;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-    nullpo_retv (fitem);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
+    nullpo_retv(fitem);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
     //009d <ID>.l <item ID>.w <identify flag>.B <X>.w <Y>.w <amount>.w <subX>.B <subY>.B
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x9d;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = fitem->bl.id;
-    if ((view = itemdb_viewid (fitem->item_data.nameid)) > 0)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 6) = view;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x9d;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = fitem->bl.id;
+    if ((view = itemdb_viewid(fitem->item_data.nameid)) > 0)
+        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = view;
     else
-        WFIFOW (fd, 6) = fitem->item_data.nameid;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 8) = fitem->item_data.identify;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 9) = fitem->bl.x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 11) = fitem->bl.y;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 13) = fitem->item_data.amount;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 15) = fitem->subx;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 16) = fitem->suby;
-
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x9d]);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 場所スキルエフェクト�視界�入る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_getareachar_skillunit (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                struct skill_unit *unit)
-{
-    int  fd;
-    struct block_list *bl;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 6) = fitem->item_data.nameid;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 8) = fitem->item_data.identify;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 9) = fitem->bl.x;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 11) = fitem->bl.y;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 13) = fitem->item_data.amount;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 15) = fitem->subx;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 16) = fitem->suby;
 
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    bl = map_id2bl (unit->group->src_id);
-    memset (WFIFOP (fd, 0), 0, packet_len_table[0x1c9]);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1c9;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = unit->bl.id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = unit->group->src_id;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 10) = unit->bl.x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 12) = unit->bl.y;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 14) = unit->group->unit_id;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 15) = 1;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 1) = 0;    //1-4調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 5) = 0;    //5-8調���り固定
-    //9-12マップ���一定�77-80������4�イト���り大��数字
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 13) = unit->bl.y - 0x12;   //13-16ユニット�Y座標-18���(Y:17�FF FF FF FF)
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 17) = 0x004f37dd;  //17-20調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 21) = 0x0012f674;  //21-24調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 25) = 0x0012f664;  //25-28調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 29) = 0x0012f654;  //29-32調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 33) = 0x77527bbc;  //33-36調���り固定
-    //37-39
-    WFIFOB (fd, 15 + 40) = 0x2d;    //40調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 41) = 0;   //41-44調���り0固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 45) = 0;   //45-48調���り0固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 49) = 0;   //49-52調���り0固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 53) = 0x0048d919;  //53-56調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 57) = 0x0000003e;  //57-60調���り固定
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 61) = 0x0012f66c;  //61-64調���り固定
-    //65-68
-    //69-72
-    if (bl)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 73) = bl->y;   //73-76術者�Y座標
-    WFIFOL (fd, 15 + 77) = unit->bl.m;  //77-80マップID���？��り2�イト�足り���数字
-    WFIFOB (fd, 15 + 81) = 0xaa;    //81終端文字0xaa
-
-    /*  Graffiti [Valaris]  */
-    if (unit->group->unit_id == 0xb0)
-    {
-        WFIFOL (fd, 15) = 1;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 16) = 1;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 17), unit->group->valstr, 80);
-    }
-
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1c9]);
-    if (unit->group->skill_id == WZ_ICEWALL)
-        clif_set0192 (fd, unit->bl.m, unit->bl.x, unit->bl.y, 5);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 場所スキルエフェクト�視界�ら消�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_clearchar_skillunit (struct skill_unit *unit, int fd)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit);
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x120;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = unit->bl.id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x120]);
-    if (unit->group->skill_id == WZ_ICEWALL)
-        clif_set0192 (fd, unit->bl.m, unit->bl.x, unit->bl.y, unit->val2);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_01ac (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    uint8_t buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1ac;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1ac], bl, AREA);
-    return 0;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x9d].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3932,205 +2857,170 @@ int clif_01ac (struct block_list *bl)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int clif_getareachar (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void clif_getareachar(struct block_list *bl, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    sd = va_arg (ap, struct map_session_data *);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
+        case BL::PC:
             if (sd == (struct map_session_data *) bl)
                 break;
-            clif_getareachar_pc (sd, (struct map_session_data *) bl);
+            clif_getareachar_pc(sd, (struct map_session_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_NPC:
-            clif_getareachar_npc (sd, (struct npc_data *) bl);
+        case BL::NPC:
+            clif_getareachar_npc(sd, (struct npc_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_MOB:
-            clif_getareachar_mob (sd, (struct mob_data *) bl);
+        case BL::MOB:
+            clif_getareachar_mob(sd, (struct mob_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_ITEM:
-            clif_getareachar_item (sd, (struct flooritem_data *) bl);
-            break;
-        case BL_SKILL:
-            clif_getareachar_skillunit (sd, (struct skill_unit *) bl);
+        case BL::ITEM:
+            clif_getareachar_item(sd, (struct flooritem_data *) bl);
             break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("get area char ??? %d\n", bl->type);
+                PRINTF("get area char ??? %d\n",
+                        bl->type);
             break;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_pcoutsight (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void clif_pcoutsight(struct block_list *bl, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd, *dstsd;
+    struct map_session_data *dstsd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = va_arg (ap, struct map_session_data *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
+        case BL::PC:
             dstsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
             if (sd != dstsd)
             {
-                clif_clearchar_id (dstsd->bl.id, 0, sd->fd);
-                clif_clearchar_id (sd->bl.id, 0, dstsd->fd);
-                if (dstsd->chatID)
-                {
-                    struct chat_data *cd;
-                    cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (dstsd->chatID);
-                    if (cd->usersd[0] == dstsd)
-                        clif_dispchat (cd, sd->fd);
-                }
+                clif_clearchar_id(dstsd->bl.id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
+                clif_clearchar_id(sd->bl.id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, dstsd->fd);
             }
             break;
-        case BL_NPC:
+        case BL::NPC:
             if (((struct npc_data *) bl)->npc_class != INVISIBLE_CLASS)
-                clif_clearchar_id (bl->id, 0, sd->fd);
+                clif_clearchar_id(bl->id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
             break;
-        case BL_MOB:
-            clif_clearchar_id (bl->id, 0, sd->fd);
+        case BL::MOB:
+            clif_clearchar_id(bl->id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
             break;
-        case BL_ITEM:
-            clif_clearflooritem ((struct flooritem_data *) bl, sd->fd);
-            break;
-        case BL_SKILL:
-            clif_clearchar_skillunit ((struct skill_unit *) bl, sd->fd);
+        case BL::ITEM:
+            clif_clearflooritem((struct flooritem_data *) bl, sd->fd);
             break;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_pcinsight (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void clif_pcinsight(struct block_list *bl, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd, *dstsd;
+    struct map_session_data *dstsd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = va_arg (ap, struct map_session_data *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
+        case BL::PC:
             dstsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
             if (sd != dstsd)
             {
-                clif_getareachar_pc (sd, dstsd);
-                clif_getareachar_pc (dstsd, sd);
+                clif_getareachar_pc(sd, dstsd);
+                clif_getareachar_pc(dstsd, sd);
             }
             break;
-        case BL_NPC:
-            clif_getareachar_npc (sd, (struct npc_data *) bl);
-            break;
-        case BL_MOB:
-            clif_getareachar_mob (sd, (struct mob_data *) bl);
+        case BL::NPC:
+            clif_getareachar_npc(sd, (struct npc_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_ITEM:
-            clif_getareachar_item (sd, (struct flooritem_data *) bl);
+        case BL::MOB:
+            clif_getareachar_mob(sd, (struct mob_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_SKILL:
-            clif_getareachar_skillunit (sd, (struct skill_unit *) bl);
+        case BL::ITEM:
+            clif_getareachar_item(sd, (struct flooritem_data *) bl);
             break;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_moboutsight (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void clif_moboutsight(struct block_list *bl, struct mob_data *md)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct mob_data *md;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(md);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_id (md->bl.id, 0, sd->fd);
+        clif_clearchar_id(md->bl.id, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE, sd->fd);
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_mobinsight (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void clif_mobinsight(struct block_list *bl, struct mob_data *md)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct mob_data *md;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(md);
 
-    md = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
     {
-        clif_getareachar_mob (sd, md);
+        clif_getareachar_mob(sd, md);
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_skillinfo (struct map_session_data *sd, int skillid, int type,
+int clif_skillinfo(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skillid, int type,
                     int range)
 {
-    int  fd, id;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    if ((id = sd->status.skill[skillid].id) <= 0)
+    if (!sd->status.skill[skillid].lv)
         return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x147;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x147;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = static_cast<uint16_t>(skillid);
     if (type < 0)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 4) = skill_get_inf (id);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = skill_get_inf(skillid);
     else
-        WFIFOW (fd, 4) = type;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 10) = skill_get_sp (id, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 4) = type;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = skill_get_sp(skillid, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
     if (range < 0)
     {
-        range = skill_get_range (id, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
+        range = skill_get_range(skillid, sd->status.skill[skillid].lv);
         if (range < 0)
-            range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-        WFIFOW (fd, 12) = range;
+            range = battle_get_range(&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 12) = range;
     }
     else
-        WFIFOW (fd, 12) = range;
-    memset (WFIFOP (fd, 14), 0, 24);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 38) =
-        (sd->status.skill[skillid].lv < skill_get_max_raise (id)) ? 1 : 0;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x147]);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 12) = range;
+    memset(WFIFOP(fd, 14), 0, 24);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 38) = sd->status.skill[skillid].lv < skill_get_max_raise(skillid);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x147].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4139,40 +3029,38 @@ int clif_skillinfo (struct map_session_data *sd, int skillid, int type,
  * スキルリストを�信�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_skillinfoblock (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_skillinfoblock(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fd;
-    int  i, c, len = 4, id, range;
+    int fd;
+    int len = 4, range;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x10f;
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x10f;
+    for (SkillID i : erange(SkillID(), MAX_SKILL))
     {
-        if ((id = sd->status.skill[i].id) != 0 && (sd->tmw_version >= 1))
-        {                       // [Fate] Version 1 and later don't crash because of bad skill IDs anymore
-            WFIFOW (fd, len) = id;
-            WFIFOW (fd, len + 2) = skill_get_inf (id);
-            WFIFOW (fd, len + 4) =
-                skill_db[i].poolflags | (sd->status.
-                                         skill[i].flags &
-                                         (SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED));
-            WFIFOW (fd, len + 6) = sd->status.skill[i].lv;
-            WFIFOW (fd, len + 8) = skill_get_sp (id, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
-            range = skill_get_range (id, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
+        if (sd->status.skill[i].lv && sd->tmw_version >= 1)
+        {
+            // [Fate] Version 1 and later don't crash because of bad skill IDs anymore
+            WFIFOW(fd, len) = static_cast<uint16_t>(i);
+            WFIFOW(fd, len + 2) = skill_get_inf(i);
+            WFIFOW(fd, len + 4) = static_cast<uint16_t>(
+                skill_db[i].poolflags
+                | (sd->status.skill[i].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED));
+            WFIFOW(fd, len + 6) = sd->status.skill[i].lv;
+            WFIFOW(fd, len + 8) = skill_get_sp(i, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
+            range = skill_get_range(i, sd->status.skill[i].lv);
             if (range < 0)
-                range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-            WFIFOW (fd, len + 10) = range;
-            memset (WFIFOP (fd, len + 12), 0, 24);
-            WFIFOB (fd, len + 36) =
-                (sd->status.skill[i].lv < skill_get_max_raise (id)) ? 1 : 0;
+                range = battle_get_range(&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
+            WFIFOW(fd, len + 10) = range;
+            memset(WFIFOP(fd, len + 12), 0, 24);
+            WFIFOB(fd, len + 36) = sd->status.skill[i].lv < skill_get_max_raise(i);
             len += 37;
-            c++;
         }
     }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = len;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, len);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = len;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4181,47 +3069,23 @@ int clif_skillinfoblock (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * スキル割り振り通知
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num)
+int clif_skillup(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_num)
 {
-    int  range, fd;
+    int range, fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x10e;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = skill_num;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = skill_get_sp (skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
-    range = skill_get_range (skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x10e;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = uint16_t(skill_num);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = skill_get_sp(skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
+    range = skill_get_range(skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv);
     if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = range;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) =
-        (sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv <
-         skill_get_max_raise (sd->status.skill[skill_num].id)) ? 1 : 0;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x10e]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル詠唱エフェクトを�信�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skillcasting (struct block_list *bl,
-                       int src_id, int dst_id, int dst_x, int dst_y,
-                       int skill_num, int casttime)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[32];
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x13e;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = src_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = dst_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = dst_x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = dst_y;
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = skill_num;    //魔法詠唱スキル
-    WBUFL (buf, 16) = skill_get_pl (skill_num); //属性
-    WBUFL (buf, 20) = casttime; //skill詠唱時間
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x13e], bl, AREA);
+        range = battle_get_range(&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = range;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 10) = sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv < skill_get_max_raise(skill_num);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x10e].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4230,15 +3094,15 @@ int clif_skillcasting (struct block_list *bl,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_skillcastcancel (struct block_list *bl)
+int clif_skillcastcancel(struct block_list *bl)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1b9;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1b9], bl, AREA);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1b9;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1b9].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4247,12 +3111,12 @@ int clif_skillcastcancel (struct block_list *bl)
  * スキル詠唱失敗
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_skill_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id, int type,
+int clif_skill_fail(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id, int type,
                      int btype)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
 
@@ -4261,13 +3125,13 @@ int clif_skill_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id, int type,
         return 0;
     }
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x110;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = skill_id;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = btype;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 8) = 0;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 9) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x110]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x110;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = uint16_t(skill_id);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 4) = btype;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = 0;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 8) = 0;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 9) = type;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x110].len);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4276,322 +3140,49 @@ int clif_skill_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id, int type,
  * スキル攻撃エフェクト＆ダメージ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_skill_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                       unsigned int tick, int sdelay, int ddelay, int damage,
-                       int div, int skill_id, int skill_lv, int type)
+int clif_skill_damage(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
+        tick_t tick, interval_t sdelay, interval_t ddelay, int damage,
+        int div, SkillID skill_id, int skill_lv, int type)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dst);
-
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (dst);
-
-    if (type != 5 && dst->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) dst)->special_state.infinite_endure)
-        type = 9;
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (type != 5 && sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer != -1)
-            type = 9;
-        if (sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].timer != -1 && damage > 0)
-            damage =
-                damage * (5 + sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].val1) + MRAND (100);
-    }
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1de;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = skill_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = src->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = dst->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 12) = tick;
-    WBUFL (buf, 16) = sdelay;
-    WBUFL (buf, 20) = ddelay;
-    WBUFL (buf, 24) = damage;
-    WBUFW (buf, 28) = skill_lv;
-    WBUFW (buf, 30) = div;
-    WBUFB (buf, 32) = (type > 0) ? type : skill_get_hit (skill_id);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1de], src, AREA);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ��飛��スキル攻撃エフェクト＆ダメージ
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_damage2 (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                        unsigned int tick, int sdelay, int ddelay, int damage,
-                        int div, int skill_id, int skill_lv, int type)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[64];
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dst);
-
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (dst);
-
-    if (type != 5 && dst->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) dst)->special_state.infinite_endure)
-        type = 9;
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (type != 5 && sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer != -1)
-            type = 9;
-        if (sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].timer != -1 && damage > 0)
-            damage =
-                damage * (5 + sc_data[SC_HALLUCINATION].val1) + MRAND (100);
-    }
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x115;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = skill_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = src->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = dst->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 12) = tick;
-    WBUFL (buf, 16) = sdelay;
-    WBUFL (buf, 20) = ddelay;
-    WBUFW (buf, 24) = dst->x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 26) = dst->y;
-    WBUFW (buf, 28) = damage;
-    WBUFW (buf, 30) = skill_lv;
-    WBUFW (buf, 32) = div;
-    WBUFB (buf, 34) = (type > 0) ? type : skill_get_hit (skill_id);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x115], src, AREA);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 支�/回復スキルエフェクト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_nodamage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                         int skill_id, int heal, int fail)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dst);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x11a;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = skill_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 4) = (heal > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : heal;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = dst->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = src->id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = fail;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x11a], src, AREA);
-
-    return 0;
-}
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-/*==========================================
- * 場所スキルエフェクト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_poseffect (struct block_list *src, int skill_id, int val,
-                          int x, int y, int tick)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[32];
+    nullpo_ret(src);
+    nullpo_ret(dst);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(dst);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x117;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = skill_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = src->id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = val;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = y;
-    WBUFL (buf, 14) = tick;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x117], src, AREA);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x1de;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = uint16_t(skill_id);
+    WBUFL(buf, 4) = src->id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 8) = dst->id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 12) = static_cast<uint32_t>(tick.time_since_epoch().count());
+    WBUFL(buf, 16) = static_cast<uint32_t>(sdelay.count());
+    WBUFL(buf, 20) = static_cast<uint32_t>(ddelay.count());
+    WBUFL(buf, 24) = damage;
+    WBUFW(buf, 28) = skill_lv;
+    WBUFW(buf, 30) = div;
+    WBUFB(buf, 32) = (type > 0) ? type : skill_get_hit(skill_id);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x1de].len, src, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * 場所スキルエフェクト表示
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_setunit (struct skill_unit *unit)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[128];
-    struct block_list *bl;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit);
-
-    bl = map_id2bl (unit->group->src_id);
-
-    memset (WBUFP (buf, 0), 0, packet_len_table[0x1c9]);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1c9;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = unit->bl.id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = unit->group->src_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = unit->bl.x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = unit->bl.y;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = unit->group->unit_id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 15) = 1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 1) = 0;    //1-4調���り固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 5) = 0;    //5-8調���り固定
-    //9-12マップ���一定�77-80������4�イト���り大��数字
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 13) = unit->bl.y - 0x12;   //13-16ユニット�Y座標-18���(Y:17�FF FF FF FF)
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 17) = 0x004f37dd;  //17-20調���り固定(0x1b2�0x004fdbdd���)
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 21) = 0x0012f674;  //21-24調���り固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 25) = 0x0012f664;  //25-28調���り固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 29) = 0x0012f654;  //29-32調���り固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 33) = 0x77527bbc;  //33-36調���り固定
-    //37-39
-    WBUFB (buf, 15 + 40) = 0x2d;    //40調���り固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 41) = 0;   //41-44調���り0固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 45) = 0;   //45-48調���り0固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 49) = 0;   //49-52調���り0固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 53) = 0x0048d919;  //53-56調���り固定(0x01b2�0x00495119���)
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 57) = 0x0000003e;  //57-60調���り固定
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 61) = 0x0012f66c;  //61-64調���り固定
-    //65-68
-    //69-72
-    if (bl)
-        WBUFL (buf, 15 + 73) = bl->y;   //73-76術者�Y座標
-    WBUFL (buf, 15 + 77) = unit->bl.m;  //77-80マップID���？��り2�イト�足り���数字
-    WBUFB (buf, 15 + 81) = 0xaa;    //81終端文字0xaa
-
-    /*      Graffiti [Valaris]      */
-    if (unit->group->unit_id == 0xb0)
-    {
-        WBUFL (buf, 15) = 1;
-        WBUFL (buf, 16) = 1;
-        memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 17), unit->group->valstr, 80);
-    }
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1c9], &unit->bl, AREA);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 場所スキルエフェクト削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_delunit (struct skill_unit *unit)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[16];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x120;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = unit->bl.id;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x120], &unit->bl, AREA);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ワープ場所�択
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_warppoint (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num,
-                          const char *map1, const char *map2,
-                          const char *map3, const char *map4)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x11c;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = skill_num;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4), map1, 16);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 20), map2, 16);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 36), map3, 16);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 52), map4, 16);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x11c]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * メモ応答
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_memo (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x11e;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x11e]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int clif_skill_teleportmessage (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x189;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x189]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * モンスター情報
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_skill_estimation (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           struct block_list *dst)
-{
-    struct mob_data *md;
-    unsigned char buf[64];
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dst);
-
-    if (dst->type != BL_MOB)
-        return 0;
-    if ((md = (struct mob_data *) dst) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x18c;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class);
-    WBUFW (buf, 4) = mob_db[md->mob_class].lv;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = mob_db[md->mob_class].size;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = md->hp;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = battle_get_def2 (&md->bl);
-    WBUFW (buf, 14) = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
-    WBUFW (buf, 16) =
-        battle_get_mdef2 (&md->bl) - (mob_db[md->mob_class].vit >> 1);
-    WBUFW (buf, 18) = battle_get_elem_type (&md->bl);
-    for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
-        WBUFB (buf, 20 + i) = battle_attr_fix (100, i + 1, md->def_ele);
-
-    if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x18c], &sd->bl, PARTY_AREA);
-    else
-    {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, packet_len_table[0x18c]);
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, packet_len_table[0x18c]);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * 状態異常アイコン/メッセージ表示
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_status_change (struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag)
+int clif_status_change(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type, int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x0196;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = type;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = bl->id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 8) = flag;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x196], bl, AREA);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x0196;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = uint16_t(type);
+    WBUFL(buf, 4) = bl->id;
+    WBUFB(buf, 8) = flag;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x196].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4599,170 +3190,56 @@ int clif_status_change (struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag)
  * Send message (modified by [Yor])
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_displaymessage (int fd, const char *mes)
+void clif_displaymessage(int fd, const_string mes)
 {
-    int  len_mes = strlen (mes);
-
-    if (len_mes > 0)
-    {                           // don't send a void message (it's not displaying on the client chat). @help can send void line.
-        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x8e;
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 5 + len_mes;   // 4 + len + NULL teminate
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4), mes, len_mes + 1);
-        WFIFOSET (fd, 5 + len_mes);
+    if (mes)
+    {
+        // don't send a void message (it's not displaying on the client chat). @help can send void line.
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x8e;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 5 + mes.size();   // 4 + len + NULL teminate
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4), mes.data(), mes.size());
+        WFIFOB(fd, 4 + mes.size()) = '\0';
+        WFIFOSET(fd, 5 + mes.size());
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 天�声を�信�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_GMmessage (struct block_list *bl, const char *mes, int len, int flag)
+void clif_GMmessage(struct block_list *bl, const_string mes, int flag)
 {
-    unsigned char lbuf[255];
-    unsigned char *buf =
-        ((len + 16) >= sizeof (lbuf)) ? (unsigned char*)malloc (len + 16) : lbuf;
-    int  lp = (flag & 0x10) ? 8 : 4;
+    unsigned char buf[mes.size() + 16];
+    int lp = (flag & 0x10) ? 8 : 4;
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x9a;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + lp;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = 0x65756c62;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, lp), mes, len);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x9a;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = mes.size() + 1 + lp;
+    WBUFL(buf, 4) = 0x65756c62;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, lp), mes.data(), mes.size());
+    WBUFB(buf, lp + mes.size()) = '\0';
     flag &= 0x07;
-    clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), bl,
-               (flag == 1) ? ALL_SAMEMAP :
-               (flag == 2) ? AREA : (flag == 3) ? SELF : ALL_CLIENT);
-    if (buf != lbuf)
-        free (buf);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * HPSP回復エフェクトを�信�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_heal (int fd, int type, int val)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x13d;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = val;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x13d]);
-
-    return 0;
+    clif_send(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2), bl,
+               (flag == 1) ? SendWho::ALL_SAMEMAP :
+               (flag == 2) ? SendWho::AREA :
+               (flag == 3) ? SendWho::SELF :
+               SendWho::ALL_CLIENT);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 復活�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_resurrection (struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int clif_resurrection(struct block_list *bl, int type)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-    {                           // disguises [Valaris]
-        struct map_session_data *sd = ((struct map_session_data *) bl);
-        if (sd && sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)
-            clif_spawnpc (sd);
-    }
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x148;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = type;
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x148], bl, type == 1 ? AREA : AREA_WOS);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * PVP実装？（仮）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_set0199 (int fd, int type)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x199;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x199]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * PVP実装？(仮)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_pvpset (struct map_session_data *sd, int pvprank, int pvpnum,
-                 int type)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nopvp)
-        return 0;
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    if (type == 2)
-    {
-        WFIFOW (sd->fd, 0) = 0x19a;
-        WFIFOL (sd->fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        if (pvprank <= 0)
-            pc_calc_pvprank (sd);
-        WFIFOL (sd->fd, 6) = pvprank;
-        WFIFOL (sd->fd, 10) = pvpnum;
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, packet_len_table[0x19a]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        uint8_t buf[32];
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x148;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = type;
 
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x19a;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        if (sd->status.option & 0x46)
-            WBUFL (buf, 6) = -1;
-        else if (pvprank <= 0)
-            pc_calc_pvprank (sd);
-        WBUFL (buf, 6) = pvprank;
-        WBUFL (buf, 10) = pvpnum;
-        if (!type)
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x19a], &sd->bl, AREA);
-        else
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x19a], &sd->bl, ALL_SAMEMAP);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_send0199 (int m, int type)
-{
-    struct block_list bl;
-    uint8_t buf[16];
-
-    bl.m = m;
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x199;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = type;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x199], &bl, ALL_SAMEMAP);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 精錬エフェクトを�信�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_refine (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, int fail, int index,
-                 int val)
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x188;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = index + 2;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = val;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x188]);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x148].len, bl, type == 1 ? SendWho::AREA : SendWho::AREA_WOS);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4771,13 +3248,13 @@ int clif_refine (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, int fail, int index,
  * Wisp/page is transmitted to the destination player
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_wis_message (int fd, const char *nick, const char *mes, int mes_len)   // R 0097 <len>.w <nick>.24B <message>.?B
+int clif_wis_message(int fd, const char *nick, const char *mes, int mes_len)   // R 0097 <len>.w <nick>.24B <message>.?B
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x97;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = mes_len + 24 + 4;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 4), nick, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 28), mes, mes_len);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x97;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = mes_len + 24 + 4;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 4), nick, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 28), mes, mes_len);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4785,432 +3262,11 @@ int clif_wis_message (int fd, const char *nick, const char *mes, int mes_len)
  * The transmission result of Wisp/page is transmitted to the source player
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_wis_end (int fd, int flag) // R 0098 <type>.B: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-{
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x98;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x98]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * キャラID��引��果を�信�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_solved_charname (struct map_session_data *sd, int char_id)
+int clif_wis_end(int fd, int flag) // R 0098 <type>.B: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
 {
-    char *p = map_charid2nick (char_id);
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    if (p != NULL)
-    {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x194;
-        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = char_id;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), p, 24);
-        WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x194]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        map_reqchariddb (sd, char_id);
-        chrif_searchcharid (char_id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カード�挿入�能リストを返�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_use_card (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->inventory_data[idx])
-    {
-        int  i, c;
-        int  ep = sd->inventory_data[idx]->equip;
-        int  fd = sd->fd;
-        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x017b;
-
-        for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-        {
-            int  j;
-
-            if (sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL)
-                continue;
-            if (sd->inventory_data[i]->type != 4 && sd->inventory_data[i]->type != 5)   // 武器防具�ゃ��
-                continue;
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00ff)  // 製造武器
-                continue;
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == (short) 0xff00
-                || sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00fe)
-                continue;
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].identify == 0)  // 未鑑定
-                continue;
-
-            if ((sd->inventory_data[i]->equip & ep) == 0)   // 装備個所���
-                continue;
-            if (sd->inventory_data[i]->type == 4 && ep == 32)   // 盾カード�両手武器
-                continue;
-
-            for (j = 0; j < sd->inventory_data[i]->slot; j++)
-            {
-                if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[j] == 0)
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (j == sd->inventory_data[i]->slot)   // ���カード�一�
-                continue;
-
-            WFIFOW (fd, 4 + c * 2) = i + 2;
-            c++;
-        }
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 4 + c * 2;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カード�挿入終了
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_insert_card (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx_equip,
-                      int idx_card, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x17d;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = idx_equip + 2;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = idx_card + 2;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 6) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x17d]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 鑑定�能アイテムリスト�信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_item_identify_list (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i, c;
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x177;
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid > 0
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].identify != 1)
-        {
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 2 + 4) = i + 2;
-            c++;
-        }
-    }
-    if (c > 0)
-    {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 2 + 4;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 鑑定�果
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_item_identified (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x179;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = idx + 2;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 4) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x179]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 修��能アイテムリスト�信
- * ※実際�パケット���ら����動作���ん
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_item_repair_list (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i, c;
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x0;
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid > 0
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].broken != 0)
-        {
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 2 + 4) = i + 2;
-            c++;
-        }
-    }
-    if (c > 0)
-    {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 2 + 4;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * アイテム�よる一時的�スキル効果
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_item_skill (struct map_session_data *sd, int skillid, int skilllv,
-                     const char *name)
-{
-    int  range, fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x147;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = skillid;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = skill_get_inf (skillid);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = skilllv;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 10) = skill_get_sp (skillid, skilllv);
-    range = skill_get_range (skillid, skilllv);
-    if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 12) = range;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 14), name, 24);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 38) = 0;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x147]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�アイテム追加
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_cart_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount,
-                       int fail)
-{
-    int  view, j, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_CART || sd->status.cart[n].nameid <= 0)
-        return 1;
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x124;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = n + 2;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = amount;
-    if ((view = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[n].nameid)) > 0)
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = view;
-    else
-        WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->status.cart[n].nameid;
-    WBUFB (buf, 10) = sd->status.cart[n].identify;
-    if (sd->status.cart[n].broken == 1) //is weapon broken [Valaris]
-        WBUFB (buf, 11) = 1;
-    else
-        WBUFB (buf, 11) = sd->status.cart[n].attribute;
-    WBUFB (buf, 12) = sd->status.cart[n].refine;
-    if (sd->status.cart[n].card[0] == 0x00ff
-        || sd->status.cart[n].card[0] == 0x00fe
-        || sd->status.cart[n].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 13) = sd->status.cart[n].card[0];
-        WBUFW (buf, 15) = sd->status.cart[n].card[1];
-        WBUFW (buf, 17) = sd->status.cart[n].card[2];
-        WBUFW (buf, 19) = sd->status.cart[n].card[3];
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (sd->status.cart[n].card[0] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[n].card[0])) > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 13) = j;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, 13) = sd->status.cart[n].card[0];
-        if (sd->status.cart[n].card[1] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[n].card[1])) > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 15) = j;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, 15) = sd->status.cart[n].card[1];
-        if (sd->status.cart[n].card[2] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[n].card[2])) > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 17) = j;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, 17) = sd->status.cart[n].card[2];
-        if (sd->status.cart[n].card[3] > 0
-            && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[n].card[3])) > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, 19) = j;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, 19) = sd->status.cart[n].card[3];
-    }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x124]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�らアイテム削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_cart_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x125;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = n + 2;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = amount;
-
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x125]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�アイテムリスト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_cart_itemlist (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct item_data *id;
-    int  i, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1ef;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.cart[i].nameid <= 0)
-            continue;
-        id = itemdb_search (sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
-        if (itemdb_isequip2 (id))
-            continue;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 4) = i + 2;
-        if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = id->view_id;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 6) = sd->status.cart[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 8) = id->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 18 + 9) = sd->status.cart[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 10) = sd->status.cart[i].amount;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 12) = 0;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 14) = sd->status.cart[i].card[0];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 16) = sd->status.cart[i].card[1];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 18) = sd->status.cart[i].card[2];
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 18 + 20) = sd->status.cart[i].card[3];
-        n++;
-    }
-    if (n)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 18;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�装備�リスト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_cart_equiplist (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct item_data *id;
-    int  i, j, n, fd;
-    unsigned char *buf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    buf = WFIFOP (fd, 0);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x122;
-    for (i = 0, n = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.cart[i].nameid <= 0)
-            continue;
-        id = itemdb_search (sd->status.cart[i].nameid);
-        if (!itemdb_isequip2 (id))
-            continue;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 4) = i + 2;
-        if (id->view_id > 0)
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = id->view_id;
-        else
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 6) = sd->status.cart[i].nameid;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 8) = id->type;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 9) = sd->status.cart[i].identify;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 10) = id->equip;
-        WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 12) = sd->status.cart[i].equip;
-        if (sd->status.cart[i].broken == 1)
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = 1;   //is weapon broken [Valaris]
-        else
-            WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 14) = sd->status.cart[i].attribute;
-        WBUFB (buf, n * 20 + 15) = sd->status.cart[i].refine;
-        if (sd->status.cart[i].card[0] == 0x00ff
-            || sd->status.cart[i].card[0] == 0x00fe
-            || sd->status.cart[i].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
-        {
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.cart[i].card[0];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.cart[i].card[1];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.cart[i].card[2];
-            WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.cart[i].card[3];
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (sd->status.cart[i].card[0] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[i].card[0])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 16) = sd->status.cart[i].card[0];
-            if (sd->status.cart[i].card[1] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[i].card[1])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 18) = sd->status.cart[i].card[1];
-            if (sd->status.cart[i].card[2] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[i].card[2])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 20) = sd->status.cart[i].card[2];
-            if (sd->status.cart[i].card[3] > 0
-                && (j = itemdb_viewid (sd->status.cart[i].card[3])) > 0)
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = j;
-            else
-                WBUFW (buf, n * 20 + 22) = sd->status.cart[i].card[3];
-        }
-        n++;
-    }
-    if (n)
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = 4 + n * 20;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    }
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x98;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 2) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x98].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5226,16 +3282,16 @@ int clif_cart_equiplist (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *  2 The character is already in a party.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_created (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
+int clif_party_created(struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xfa;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xfa]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xfa;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xfa].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5243,16 +3299,16 @@ int clif_party_created (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
  * パーティ情報�信
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_info (struct party *p, int fd)
+int clif_party_info(struct party *p, int fd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[1024];
-    int  i, c;
+    int i, c;
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xfb;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), p->name, 24);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xfb;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 4), p->name, 24);
     for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         struct party_member *m = &p->member[i];
@@ -5260,23 +3316,23 @@ int clif_party_info (struct party *p, int fd)
         {
             if (sd == NULL)
                 sd = m->sd;
-            WBUFL (buf, 28 + c * 46) = m->account_id;
-            memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 28 + c * 46 + 4), m->name, 24);
-            memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 28 + c * 46 + 28), m->map, 16);
-            WBUFB (buf, 28 + c * 46 + 44) = (m->leader) ? 0 : 1;
-            WBUFB (buf, 28 + c * 46 + 45) = (m->online) ? 0 : 1;
+            WBUFL(buf, 28 + c * 46) = m->account_id;
+            memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 28 + c * 46 + 4), m->name, 24);
+            memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 28 + c * 46 + 28), m->map, 16);
+            WBUFB(buf, 28 + c * 46 + 44) = (m->leader) ? 0 : 1;
+            WBUFB(buf, 28 + c * 46 + 45) = (m->online) ? 0 : 1;
             c++;
         }
     }
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = 28 + c * 46;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = 28 + c * 46;
     if (fd >= 0)
     {                           // fd�設定�れ�る�ら�れ��る
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), buf, WBUFW (buf, 2));
-        WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), buf, WBUFW(buf, 2));
+        WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
         return 9;
     }
     if (sd != NULL)
-        clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), &sd->bl, PARTY);
+        clif_send(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2), &sd->bl, SendWho::PARTY);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5287,24 +3343,24 @@ int clif_party_info (struct party *p, int fd)
  * (R 00fe <sender_ID>.l <party_name>.24B)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd,
+int clif_party_invite(struct map_session_data *sd,
                        struct map_session_data *tsd)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
     struct party *p;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, tsd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(tsd);
 
     fd = tsd->fd;
 
-    if (!(p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)))
+    if (!(p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)))
         return 0;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xfe;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), p->name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xfe]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xfe;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), p->name, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xfe].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5322,17 +3378,17 @@ int clif_party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd,
  *  4 The character is in the same party.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_inviteack (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, int flag)
+int clif_party_inviteack(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, int flag)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xfd;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), nick, 24);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 26) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xfd]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xfd;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 2), nick, 24);
+    WFIFOB(fd, 26) = flag;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xfd].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5343,32 +3399,32 @@ int clif_party_inviteack (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, int fla
  *        0x100=一人����信
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_option (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
+int clif_party_option(struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("clif_party_option: %d %d %d\n",p->exp,p->item,flag);
+//      PRINTF("clif_party_option: %d %d %d\n",p->exp,p->item,flag);
     if (sd == NULL && flag == 0)
     {
-        int  i;
+        int i;
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
-            if ((sd = map_id2sd (p->member[i].account_id)) != NULL)
+            if ((sd = map_id2sd(p->member[i].account_id)) != NULL)
                 break;
     }
     if (sd == NULL)
         return 0;
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x101;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = ((flag & 0x01) ? 2 : p->exp);
-    WBUFW (buf, 4) = ((flag & 0x10) ? 2 : p->item);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x101;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = ((flag & 0x01) ? 2 : p->exp);
+    WBUFW(buf, 4) = ((flag & 0x10) ? 2 : p->item);
     if (flag == 0)
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x101], &sd->bl, PARTY);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::PARTY);
     else
     {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, packet_len_table[0x101]);
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, packet_len_table[0x101]);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len);
+        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x101].len);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5377,18 +3433,18 @@ int clif_party_option (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
  * パーティ脱退（脱退��呼���）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_leaved (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
+int clif_party_leaved(struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
                        int account_id, const char *name, int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x105;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 6), name, 24);
-    WBUFB (buf, 30) = flag & 0x0f;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x105;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = account_id;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 6), name, 24);
+    WBUFB(buf, 30) = flag & 0x0f;
 
     if ((flag & 0xf0) == 0)
     {
@@ -5397,12 +3453,12 @@ int clif_party_leaved (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
                 if ((sd = p->member[i].sd) != NULL)
                     break;
         if (sd != NULL)
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x105], &sd->bl, PARTY);
+            clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::PARTY);
     }
     else if (sd != NULL)
     {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, packet_len_table[0x105]);
-        WFIFOSET (sd->fd, packet_len_table[0x105]);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len);
+        WFIFOSET(sd->fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x105].len);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5411,12 +3467,13 @@ int clif_party_leaved (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * パーティメッセージ�信
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_message (struct party *p, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
+int clif_party_message(struct party *p, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i;
+    // always set, but clang is not smart enough
+    struct map_session_data *sd = nullptr;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
@@ -5426,11 +3483,11 @@ int clif_party_message (struct party *p, int account_id, const char *mes, int le
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
         unsigned char buf[1024];
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x109;
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 8;
-        WBUFL (buf, 4) = account_id;
-        memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 8), mes, len);
-        clif_send (buf, len + 8, &sd->bl, PARTY);
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x109;
+        WBUFW(buf, 2) = len + 8;
+        WBUFL(buf, 4) = account_id;
+        memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 8), mes, len);
+        clif_send(buf, len + 8, &sd->bl, SendWho::PARTY);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5439,19 +3496,19 @@ int clif_party_message (struct party *p, int account_id, const char *mes, int le
  * パーティ座標通知
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_xy (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_party_xy(struct party *, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x107;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->bl.x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) = sd->bl.y;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x107], &sd->bl, PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x107;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = sd->bl.x;
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) = sd->bl.y;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x107].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::PARTY_SAMEMAP_WOS);
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("clif_party_xy %d\n",sd->status.account_id);
+//      PRINTF("clif_party_xy %d\n",sd->status.account_id);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5459,44 +3516,20 @@ int clif_party_xy (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd)
  * パーティHP通知
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_party_hp (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_party_hp(struct party *, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x106;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = (sd->status.hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : sd->status.hp;
-    WBUFW (buf, 8) =
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x106;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = (sd->status.hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : sd->status.hp;
+    WBUFW(buf, 8) =
         (sd->status.max_hp > 0x7fff) ? 0x7fff : sd->status.max_hp;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x106], &sd->bl, PARTY_AREA_WOS);
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x106].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::PARTY_AREA_WOS);
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("clif_party_hp %d\n",sd->status.account_id);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * パーティ場所移動（未使用）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_party_move (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd, int online)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[128];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x104;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = 0;
-    WBUFW (buf, 10) = sd->bl.x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 12) = sd->bl.y;
-    WBUFB (buf, 14) = !online;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 15), p->name, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 39), sd->status.name, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 63), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x104], &sd->bl, PARTY);
+//      PRINTF("clif_party_hp %d\n",sd->status.account_id);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5504,199 +3537,22 @@ int clif_party_move (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd, int online)
  * 攻撃�る���移動�必�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_movetoattack (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x139;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = bl->id;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = bl->x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = bl->y;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 10) = sd->bl.x;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 12) = sd->bl.y;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 14) = sd->attackrange;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x139]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 製造エフェクト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_produceeffect (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag, int nameid)
+int clif_movetoattack(struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  view, fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    // ���登録��信を先�����
-    if (map_charid2nick (sd->status.char_id) == NULL)
-        map_addchariddb (sd->status.char_id, sd->status.name);
-    clif_solved_charname (sd, sd->status.char_id);
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x18f;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = flag;
-    if ((view = itemdb_viewid (nameid)) > 0)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 4) = view;
-    else
-        WFIFOW (fd, 4) = nameid;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x18f]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * オートスペル リスト�信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_autospell (struct map_session_data *sd, int skilllv)
-{
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1cd;
-
-    if (skilllv > 0 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_NAPALMBEAT) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = MG_NAPALMBEAT;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 2) = 0x00000000;
-    if (skilllv > 1 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_COLDBOLT) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 6) = MG_COLDBOLT;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 6) = 0x00000000;
-    if (skilllv > 1 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_FIREBOLT) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 10) = MG_FIREBOLT;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 10) = 0x00000000;
-    if (skilllv > 1 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 14) = MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 14) = 0x00000000;
-    if (skilllv > 4 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_SOULSTRIKE) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 18) = MG_SOULSTRIKE;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 18) = 0x00000000;
-    if (skilllv > 7 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_FIREBALL) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 22) = MG_FIREBALL;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 22) = 0x00000000;
-    if (skilllv > 9 && pc_checkskill (sd, MG_FROSTDIVER) > 0)
-        WFIFOL (fd, 26) = MG_FROSTDIVER;
-    else
-        WFIFOL (fd, 26) = 0x00000000;
-
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1cd]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ディボーション���糸
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_devotion (struct map_session_data *sd, int target)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[56];
-    int  n;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1cf;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-//  WBUFL(buf,6)=target;
-    for (n = 0; n < 5; n++)
-        WBUFL (buf, 6 + 4 * n) = sd->dev.val2[n];
-//      WBUFL(buf,10+4*n)=0;
-    WBUFB (buf, 26) = 8;
-    WBUFB (buf, 27) = 0;
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1cf], &sd->bl, AREA);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 氣�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_spiritball (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[16];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d0;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = sd->spiritball;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1d0], &sd->bl, AREA);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_combo_delay (struct block_list *bl, int wait)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d2;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = wait;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1d2], bl, AREA);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *白刃�り
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_bladestop (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst, int boolean)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[32];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dst);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1d1;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = src->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = dst->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = boolean;
-
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1d1], src, AREA);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_changemapcell (int m, int x, int y, int cell_type, int type)
-{
-    struct block_list bl;
-    uint8_t buf[32];
-
-    bl.m = m;
-    bl.x = x;
-    bl.y = y;
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x192;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = x;
-    WBUFW (buf, 4) = y;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = cell_type;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 8), map[m].name, 16);
-    if (!type)
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x192], &bl, AREA);
-    else
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x192], &bl, ALL_SAMEMAP);
-
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x139;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = bl->id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 6) = bl->x;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 8) = bl->y;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 10) = sd->bl.x;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 12) = sd->bl.y;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 14) = sd->attackrange;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x139].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5704,764 +3560,15 @@ int clif_changemapcell (int m, int x, int y, int cell_type, int type)
  * MVPエフェクト
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int clif_mvp_effect (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int clif_mvp_effect(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[16];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x10c;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x10c], &sd->bl, AREA);
-    return 0;
-}
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-/*==========================================
- * MVPアイテム所得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_mvp_item (struct map_session_data *sd, int nameid)
-{
-    int  view, fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x10a;
-    if ((view = itemdb_viewid (nameid)) > 0)
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = view;
-    else
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = nameid;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x10a]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * MVP経験値所得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_mvp_exp (struct map_session_data *sd, int exp)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x10b;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = exp;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x10b]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド作���通知
- * Relay the result of guild creation.
- *
- * (R 0167 <flag>.B)
- *
- * flag:
- *  0 The guild was created.
- *  1 The character is already in a guild.
- *  2 The guild name is invalid/taken.
- *  3 The Emperium item is required.
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_created (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x167;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x167]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド所属通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_belonginfo (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  ps, fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    ps = guild_getposition (sd, g);
-
-    memset (WFIFOP (fd, 0), 0, packet_len_table[0x16c]);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x16c;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = g->guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = g->emblem_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 10) = g->position[ps].mode;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 19), g->name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x16c]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�ログイン通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_memberlogin_notice (struct guild *g, int idx, int flag)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[64];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x16d;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = g->member[idx].account_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = 0;
-    WBUFL (buf, 10) = flag;
-    if (g->member[idx].sd == NULL)
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = guild_getavailablesd (g);
-        if (sd != NULL)
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x16d], &sd->bl, GUILD);
-    }
-    else
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x16d], &g->member[idx].sd->bl,
-                   GUILD_WOS);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドマスター通知(14d��応答)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_guild_masterormember (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  type = 0x57, fd;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g != NULL && strcmp (g->master, sd->status.name) == 0)
-        type = 0xd7;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x14e;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x14e]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Basic Info (Territories [Valaris])
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_basicinfo (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  fd, i, t = 0;
-    struct guild *g;
-    struct guild_castle *gc = NULL;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1b6;     //0x150;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = g->guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = g->guild_lv;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 10) = g->connect_member;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 14) = g->max_member;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 18) = g->average_lv;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 22) = g->exp;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 26) = g->next_exp;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 30) = 0;        // 上�
-    WFIFOL (fd, 34) = 0;        // VW（性格�悪�？：性�グラフ左�）
-    WFIFOL (fd, 38) = 0;        // RF（正義�度��？：性�グラフ上下）
-    WFIFOL (fd, 42) = 0;        // 人数？
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 46), g->name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 70), g->master, 24);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-    {
-        gc = guild_castle_search (i);
-        if (!gc)
-            continue;
-        if (g->guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-            t++;
-    }
-
-    if (t == 1)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "One Castle", 20);
-    else if (t == 2)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Two Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 3)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Three Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 4)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Four Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 5)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Five Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 6)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Six Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 7)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Seven Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 8)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Eight Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 9)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Nine Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 10)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Ten Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 11)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Eleven Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 12)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Twelve Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 13)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Thirteen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 14)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Fourteen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 15)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Fifteen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 16)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Sixteen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 17)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Seventeen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 18)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Eighteen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 19)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Nineteen Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 20)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Twenty Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 21)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Twenty One Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 22)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Twenty Two Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 23)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Twenty Three Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == 24)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Twenty Four Castles", 20);
-    else if (t == MAX_GUILDCASTLE)
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "Total Domination", 20);
-    else
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 94), "None Taken", 20);
-
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[WFIFOW (fd, 0)]);
-    clif_guild_emblem (sd, g);  // Guild emblem vanish fix [Valaris]
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド�盟/敵対情報
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_allianceinfo (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  fd, i, c;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x14c;
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {
-        GuildAlliance *a = &g->alliance[i];
-        if (a->guild_id > 0)
-        {
-            WFIFOL (fd, c * 32 + 4) = a->opposition;
-            WFIFOL (fd, c * 32 + 8) = a->guild_id;
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, c * 32 + 12), a->name, 24);
-            c++;
-        }
-    }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 32 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�ーリスト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_memberlist (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  fd;
-    int  i, c;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x154;
-    for (i = 0, c = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        struct guild_member *m = &g->member[i];
-        if (m->account_id == 0)
-            continue;
-        WFIFOL (fd, c * 104 + 4) = m->account_id;
-        WFIFOL (fd, c * 104 + 8) = 0;
-        WFIFOW (fd, c * 104 + 12) = m->hair;
-        WFIFOW (fd, c * 104 + 14) = m->hair_color;
-        WFIFOW (fd, c * 104 + 16) = m->gender;
-        WFIFOW (fd, c * 104 + 18) = m->pc_class;
-        WFIFOW (fd, c * 104 + 20) = m->lv;
-        WFIFOL (fd, c * 104 + 22) = m->exp;
-        WFIFOL (fd, c * 104 + 26) = m->online;
-        WFIFOL (fd, c * 104 + 30) = m->position;
-        memset (WFIFOP (fd, c * 104 + 34), 0, 50);  // メモ？
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, c * 104 + 84), m->name, 24);
-        c++;
-    }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 104 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド役��リスト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_guild_positionnamelist (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i, fd;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x166;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDPOSITION; i++)
-    {
-        WFIFOL (fd, i * 28 + 4) = i;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, i * 28 + 8), g->position[i].name, 24);
-    }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = i * 28 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド役�情報リスト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_guild_positioninfolist (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i, fd;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x160;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDPOSITION; i++)
-    {
-        struct guild_position *p = &g->position[i];
-        WFIFOL (fd, i * 16 + 4) = i;
-        WFIFOL (fd, i * 16 + 8) = p->mode;
-        WFIFOL (fd, i * 16 + 12) = i;
-        WFIFOL (fd, i * 16 + 16) = p->exp_mode;
-    }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = i * 16 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド役�変更通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_positionchanged (struct guild *g, int idx)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    unsigned char buf[128];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x174;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = 44;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = idx;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = g->position[idx].mode;
-    WBUFL (buf, 12) = idx;
-    WBUFL (buf, 16) = g->position[idx].exp_mode;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 20), g->position[idx].name, 24);
-    if ((sd = guild_getavailablesd (g)) != NULL)
-        clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), &sd->bl, GUILD);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�変更通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_memberpositionchanged (struct guild *g, int idx)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    unsigned char buf[64];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x156;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = 16;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = g->member[idx].account_id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 8) = 0;
-    WBUFL (buf, 12) = g->member[idx].position;
-    if ((sd = guild_getavailablesd (g)) != NULL)
-        clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), &sd->bl, GUILD);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドエンブレム�信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_emblem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-
-    if (g->emblem_len <= 0)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x152;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = g->emblem_len + 12;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 4) = g->guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 8) = g->emblem_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 12), g->emblem_data, g->emblem_len);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドスキル�信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_skillinfo (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  fd;
-    int  i, id, c;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x0162;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = g->skill_point;
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_GUILDSKILL; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->skill[i].id > 0)
-        {
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 37 + 6) = id = g->skill[i].id;
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 37 + 8) = guild_skill_get_inf (id);
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 37 + 10) = 0;
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 37 + 12) = g->skill[i].lv;
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 37 + 14) =
-                guild_skill_get_sp (id, g->skill[i].lv);
-            WFIFOW (fd, c * 37 + 16) = guild_skill_get_range (id);
-            memset (WFIFOP (fd, c * 37 + 18), 0, 24);
-            WFIFOB (fd, c * 37 + 42) =  //up;
-                (g->skill[i].lv < guild_skill_get_max (id)) ? 1 : 0;
-            c++;
-        }
-    }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 37 + 6;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド告知�信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_notice (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    if (*g->mes1 == 0 && *g->mes2 == 0)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x16f;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), g->mes1, 60);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 62), g->mes2, 120);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x16f]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�勧誘
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x16a;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = g->guild_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), g->name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x16a]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�勧誘�果
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_inviteack (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x169;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x169]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�脱退通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_leave (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name,
-                      const char *mes)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[128];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x15a;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 2), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 26), mes, 40);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x15a], &sd->bl, GUILD);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�追放通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_explusion (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name,
-                          const char *mes, int account_id)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[128];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x15c;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 2), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 26), mes, 40);
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 66), "dummy", 24);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x15c], &sd->bl, GUILD);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド追放メン�リスト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_guild_explusionlist (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  fd;
-    int  i, c;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x163;
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION; i++)
-    {
-        GuildExpulsion *e = &g->explusion[i];
-        if (e->account_id > 0)
-        {
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, c * 88 + 4), e->name, 24);
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, c * 88 + 28), e->acc, 24);
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, c * 88 + 52), e->mes, 44);
-            c++;
-        }
-    }
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = c * 88 + 4;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド会話
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_message (struct guild *g, int account_id, const char *mes,
-                        int len)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    unsigned char lbuf[255];
-    unsigned char *buf = lbuf;
-    if (len + 32 >= sizeof (lbuf))
-        buf = (unsigned char *)malloc (len + 32);
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x17f;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 4;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), mes, len);
-
-    if ((sd = guild_getavailablesd (g)) != NULL)
-        clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), &sd->bl, GUILD);
-    if (buf != lbuf)
-        free (buf);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドスキル割り振り通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num, int lv)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x10e;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 2) = skill_num;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 4) = lv;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 6) = guild_skill_get_sp (skill_num, lv);
-    WFIFOW (fd, 8) = guild_skill_get_range (skill_num);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 10) = 1;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 11);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド�盟�請
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_reqalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                            const char *name)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x171;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), name, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x171]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド�盟�果
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_allianceack (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x173;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x173]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド関係解消通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_delalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                            int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x184;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x184]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド敵対�果
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_oppositionack (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x181;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x181]);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド関係追加
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-/*int clif_guild_allianceadded(struct guild *g,int idx)
-{
-	unsigned char buf[64];
-	WBUFW(fd,0)=0x185;
-	WBUFL(fd,2)=g->alliance[idx].opposition;
-	WBUFL(fd,6)=g->alliance[idx].guild_id;
-	memcpy(WBUFP(fd,10),g->alliance[idx].name,24);
-	clif_send(buf,packet_len_table[0x185],guild_getavailablesd(g),GUILD);
-	return 0;
-}*/
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド解散通知
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_guild_broken (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x15e;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x15e]);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x10c;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x10c].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -6469,261 +3576,120 @@ int clif_guild_broken (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
  * エモーション
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_emotion (struct block_list *bl, int type)
+void clif_emotion(struct block_list *bl, int type)
 {
     unsigned char buf[8];
 
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xc0;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xc0], bl, AREA);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xc0;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFB(buf, 6) = type;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0xc0].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
 }
 
-static void clif_emotion_towards (struct block_list *bl,
+static
+void clif_emotion_towards(struct block_list *bl,
                                   struct block_list *target, int type)
 {
     unsigned char buf[8];
-    int  len = packet_len_table[0xc0];
+    int len = clif_parse_func_table[0xc0].len;
     struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) target;
 
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
-    nullpo_retv (target);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(target);
 
-    if (target->type != BL_PC)
+    if (target->type != BL::PC)
         return;
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xc0;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 6) = type;
-
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
-    WFIFOSET (sd->fd, len);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * トーキーボックス
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void clif_talkiebox (struct block_list *bl, const char *talkie)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[86];
-
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xc0;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFB(buf, 6) = type;
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x191;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 6), talkie, 80);
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x191], bl, AREA);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(sd->fd, 0), buf, len);
+    WFIFOSET(sd->fd, len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * �婚エフェクト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void clif_wedding_effect (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    unsigned char buf[6];
-
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x1ea;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x1ea], bl, AREA);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ����逢���使用時����
- *------------------------------------------
-
-void clif_callpartner(struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-	unsigned char buf[26];
-	char *p;
-
-	nullpo_retv(sd);
-
-	if(sd->status.partner_id){
-		WBUFW(buf,0)=0x1e6;
-		p = map_charid2nick(sd->status.partner_id);
-		if(p){
-			memcpy(WBUFP(buf,2),p,24);
-		}else{
-			map_reqchariddb(sd,sd->status.partner_id);
-			chrif_searchcharid(sd->status.partner_id);
-			WBUFB(buf,2) = 0;
-		}
-		clif_send(buf,packet_len_table[0x1e6]&sd->bl,AREA);
-	}
-	return;
-}
-*/
-/*==========================================
  * 座る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_sitting (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_sitting(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x8a;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WBUFB (buf, 26) = 2;
-    clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x8a], &sd->bl, AREA);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int clif_disp_onlyself (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len)
-{
-    unsigned char lbuf[255];
-    unsigned char *buf =
-        (len + 32 >= sizeof (lbuf)) ? (unsigned char *)malloc (len + 32) : lbuf;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x17f;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = len + 8;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), mes, len + 4);
-
-    clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), &sd->bl, SELF);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (buf != lbuf)
-        free (buf);
-
-    return 0;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x8a;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WBUFB(buf, 26) = 2;
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x8a].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-
-int clif_GM_kickack (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
+static
+int clif_GM_kickack(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
-    int  fd;
+    int fd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xcd;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xcd]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xcd;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xcd].len);
     return 0;
 }
 
-void clif_parse_QuitGame (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd);
+static
+void clif_parse_QuitGame(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd);
 
-int clif_GM_kick (struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *tsd,
+int clif_GM_kick(struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *tsd,
                   int type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, tsd);
+    nullpo_ret(tsd);
 
     if (type)
-        clif_GM_kickack (sd, tsd->status.account_id);
-    tsd->opt1 = tsd->opt2 = 0;
-    clif_parse_QuitGame (tsd->fd, tsd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Wis拒�許�応答
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_wisexin (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xd1;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 3) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xd1]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Wis全拒�許�応答
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int clif_wisall (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int flag)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xd2;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = type;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 3) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xd2]);
+        clif_GM_kickack(sd, tsd->status.account_id);
+    tsd->opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
+    tsd->opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
+    clif_parse_QuitGame(tsd->fd, tsd);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * サウンドエフェクト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void clif_soundeffect (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl,
-                       const char *name, int type)
-{
-    int  fd;
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
-
-    fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1d3;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 2), name, 24);
-    WFIFOB (fd, 26) = type;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 27) = 0;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 31) = bl->id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1d3]);
-
-    return;
-}
-
 // displaying special effects (npcs, weather, etc) [Valaris]
-int clif_specialeffect (struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag)
+int clif_specialeffect(struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag)
 {
     unsigned char buf[24];
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    memset (buf, 0, packet_len_table[0x19b]);
+    memset(buf, 0, clif_parse_func_table[0x19b].len);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x19b;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = bl->id;
-    WBUFL (buf, 6) = type;
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x19b;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = bl->id;
+    WBUFL(buf, 6) = type;
 
     if (flag == 2)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-        int  i;
+        int i;
         for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {
             if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) != NULL
                 && sd->state.auth && sd->bl.m == bl->m)
-                clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl, type, 1);
+                clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl, type, 1);
         }
     }
 
     else if (flag == 1)
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x19b], bl, SELF);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x19b].len, bl, SendWho::SELF);
     else if (!flag)
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x19b], bl, AREA);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x19b].len, bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 
@@ -6738,49 +3704,49 @@ int clif_specialeffect (struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_WantToConnection (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_WantToConnection(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *old_sd;
-    int  account_id;            // account_id in the packet
+    int account_id;            // account_id in the packet
 
     if (sd)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("clif_parse_WantToConnection : invalid request?\n");
+            PRINTF("clif_parse_WantToConnection : invalid request?\n");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x72)
+    if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) == 0x72)
     {
-        account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
+        account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
     }
     else
         return;                 // Not the auth packet
 
-    WFIFOL (fd, 0) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, 4);
+    WFIFOL(fd, 0) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, 4);
 
     // if same account already connected, we disconnect the 2 sessions
-    if ((old_sd = map_id2sd (account_id)) != NULL)
+    if ((old_sd = map_id2sd(account_id)) != NULL)
     {
-        clif_authfail_fd (fd, 2);   // same id
-        clif_authfail_fd (old_sd->fd, 2);   // same id
-        printf
-            ("clif_parse_WantToConnection: Double connection for account %d (sessions: #%d (new) and #%d (old)).\n",
+        clif_authfail_fd(fd, 2);   // same id
+        clif_authfail_fd(old_sd->fd, 2);   // same id
+        PRINTF("clif_parse_WantToConnection: Double connection for account %d (sessions: #%d (new) and #%d (old)).\n",
              account_id, fd, old_sd->fd);
     }
     else
     {
-        CREATE (sd, struct map_session_data, 1);
+        CREATE(sd, struct map_session_data, 1);
         session[fd]->session_data = sd;
         sd->fd = fd;
 
-        pc_setnewpc (sd, account_id, RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                     RFIFOL (fd, 14), RFIFOB (fd, 18), fd);
+        pc_setnewpc(sd, account_id, RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOL(fd, 10),
+                tick_t(static_cast<interval_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 14))),
+                RFIFOB(fd, 18));
 
-        map_addiddb (&sd->bl);
+        map_addiddb(&sd->bl);
 
-        chrif_authreq (sd);
+        chrif_authreq(sd);
     }
 
     return;
@@ -6792,11 +3758,11 @@ void clif_parse_WantToConnection (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_LoadEndAck (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_LoadEndAck(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
 //  struct item_data* item;
-    int  i;
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    int i;
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (sd->bl.prev != NULL)
         return;
@@ -6804,144 +3770,88 @@ void clif_parse_LoadEndAck (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
     // 接続ok時
     //clif_authok();
     if (sd->npc_id)
-        npc_event_dequeue (sd);
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-    pc_checkitem (sd);
+        npc_event_dequeue(sd);
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
+    pc_checkitem(sd);
     //guild_info();
 
     // loadendack時
     // next exp
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
     // skill point
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
     // item
-    clif_itemlist (sd);
-    clif_equiplist (sd);
-    // cart
-    if (pc_iscarton (sd))
-    {
-        clif_cart_itemlist (sd);
-        clif_cart_equiplist (sd);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_CARTINFO);
-    }
+    clif_itemlist(sd);
+    clif_equiplist(sd);
     // param all
-    clif_initialstatus (sd);
+    clif_initialstatus(sd);
     // party
-    party_send_movemap (sd);
-    // guild
-    guild_send_memberinfoshort (sd, 1);
+    party_send_movemap(sd);
     // 119
     // 78
 
     if (battle_config.pc_invincible_time > 0)
     {
-        if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-            pc_setinvincibletimer (sd, battle_config.pc_invincible_time << 1);
-        else
-            pc_setinvincibletimer (sd, battle_config.pc_invincible_time);
+        pc_setinvincibletimer(sd, static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.pc_invincible_time));
     }
 
-    map_addblock (&sd->bl);     // ブロック登録
-    clif_spawnpc (sd);          // spawn
+    map_addblock(&sd->bl);     // ブロック登録
+    clif_spawnpc(sd);          // spawn
 
     // weight max , now
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MAXWEIGHT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_WEIGHT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MAXWEIGHT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::WEIGHT);
 
     // pvp
-    if (sd->pvp_timer != -1 && !battle_config.pk_mode)
-        delete_timer (sd->pvp_timer, pc_calc_pvprank_timer);
+    if (!battle_config.pk_mode)
+        sd->pvp_timer.cancel();
+
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp)
     {
         if (!battle_config.pk_mode)
-        {                       // remove pvp stuff for pk_mode [Valaris]
-            sd->pvp_timer =
-                add_timer (gettick () + 200, pc_calc_pvprank_timer, sd->bl.id,
-                           0);
+        {
+            // remove pvp stuff for pk_mode [Valaris]
+            sd->pvp_timer = Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::milliseconds(200),
+                    std::bind(pc_calc_pvprank_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                        sd->bl.id));
             sd->pvp_rank = 0;
             sd->pvp_lastusers = 0;
             sd->pvp_point = 5;
         }
-        clif_set0199 (sd->fd, 1);
     }
     else
     {
-        sd->pvp_timer = -1;
-    }
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        clif_set0199 (sd->fd, 3);
+        // sd->pvp_timer = nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (sd->state.connect_new)
-    {
-        sd->state.connect_new = 0;
-        if (sd->status.pc_class != sd->view_class)
-            clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_BASE, sd->view_class);
-
-/*						Stop players from spawning inside castles [Valaris]					*/
-
-        {
-            struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[sd->bl.m].name);
-            if (gc)
-                pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
-                           sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y,
-                           2);
-        }
-
-/*						End Addition [Valaris]			*/
-
-    }
+    sd->state.connect_new = 0;
 
     // view equipment item
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_WEAPON, 0);
+    clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::WEAPON, static_cast<uint16_t>(ItemLook::NONE));
     if (battle_config.save_clothcolor == 1 && sd->status.clothes_color > 0)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR,
                          sd->status.clothes_color);
 
-    if (sd->status.hp < sd->status.max_hp >> 2
-        && pc_checkskill (sd, SM_AUTOBERSERK) > 0
-        && (sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer == -1
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val2 == 0))
-        // オート�ーサーク発動
-        skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_PROVOKE, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-
-//  if(time(&timer) < ((weddingtime=pc_readglobalreg(sd,"PC_WEDDING_TIME")) + 3600))
-//      skill_status_change_start(&sd->bl,SC_WEDDING,0,weddingtime,0,0,36000,0);
-
-    if (battle_config.muting_players && sd->status.manner < 0)
-        skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_NOCHAT, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-
     // option
-    clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_TRICKDEAD, -1);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].timer != -1
-        && !battle_check_undead (7, sd->def_ele))
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS, -1);
-    if (sd->special_state.infinite_endure
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer == -1)
-        skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_ENDURE, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    clif_changeoption(&sd->bl);
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0002
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
+            && bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip & EPOS::WEAPON)
             && sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNWEAPON, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       0);
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0010
+            skill_status_change_start(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON, 0, interval_t::zero());
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
+            && bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip & EPOS::MISC1)
             && sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNARMOR, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       0);
+            skill_status_change_start(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_BROKNARMOR, 0, interval_t::zero());
     }
 
 //        clif_changelook_accessories(sd, NULL);
 
-    map_foreachinarea (clif_getareachar, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE,
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(clif_getareachar, ph::_1, sd), sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE,
                        sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE,
-                       sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, 0, sd);
+                       sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, BL::NUL);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6949,13 +3859,13 @@ void clif_parse_LoadEndAck (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TickSend (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TickSend(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    sd->client_tick = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    sd->server_tick = gettick ();
-    clif_servertick (sd);
+    sd->client_tick = tick_t(static_cast<interval_t>(RFIFOL(fd, 2)));
+    sd->server_tick = gettick();
+    clif_servertick(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6963,49 +3873,39 @@ void clif_parse_TickSend (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_WalkToXY (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_WalkToXY(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  x, y;
+    int x, y;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->state.storage_flag)
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1 && pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) <= 0)   // フリーキャスト
+    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->state.storage_open)
         return;
 
     if (sd->chatID)
         return;
 
-    if (sd->canmove_tick > gettick ())
+    if (sd->canmove_tick > gettick())
         return;
 
     // ステータス異常や�イディング中(トン�ルドライブ無)�動���
-    if ((sd->opt1 > 0 && sd->opt1 != 6) || sd->sc_data[SC_ANKLE].timer != -1 || //アンクルス�ア
-        sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 ||  //オートカウンター
-        sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 ||    //死ん��り
-        sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1 ||    //白刃�り
-        sd->sc_data[SC_SPIDERWEB].timer != -1 ||    //スパイダーウェッブ
-        (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4))  //��スキル演�中�動���
-        return;
-    if ((sd->status.option & 2) && pc_checkskill (sd, RG_TUNNELDRIVE) <= 0)
+    if (bool(sd->opt1) && sd->opt1 != (Opt1::_stone6))
         return;
 
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-        pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
+    if (sd->invincible_timer)
+        pc_delinvincibletimer(sd);
 
-    pc_stopattack (sd);
+    pc_stopattack(sd);
 
-    x = RFIFOB (fd, 2) * 4 + (RFIFOB (fd, 3) >> 6);
-    y = ((RFIFOB (fd, 3) & 0x3f) << 4) + (RFIFOB (fd, 4) >> 4);
-    pc_walktoxy (sd, x, y);
+    x = RFIFOB(fd, 2) * 4 + (RFIFOB(fd, 3) >> 6);
+    y = ((RFIFOB(fd, 3) & 0x3f) << 4) + (RFIFOB(fd, 4) >> 4);
+    pc_walktoxy(sd, x, y);
 
 }
 
@@ -7013,41 +3913,33 @@ void clif_parse_WalkToXY (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void clif_parse_QuitGame (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_QuitGame(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x18b;
-    if ((!pc_isdead (sd)
-         && (sd->opt1
-             || (sd->opt2 && !(night_flag == 1 && sd->opt2 == STATE_BLIND))))
-        || sd->skilltimer != -1 || (DIFF_TICK (tick, sd->canact_tick) < 0)
-        || (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4
-            && (sg = (struct skill_unit_group *) sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val2)
-            && sg->src_id == sd->bl.id))
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x18b;
+    if ((!pc_isdead(sd) && (sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO || sd->opt2 != Opt2::ZERO))
+        || (tick < sd->canact_tick))
     {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 1;
-        WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x18b]);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 1;
+        WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x18b].len);
         return;
     }
 
     /*  Rovert's prevent logout option fixed [Valaris]  */
-    if ((battle_config.prevent_logout
-         && (gettick () - sd->canlog_tick) >= 10000)
-        || (!battle_config.prevent_logout))
+    if (!battle_config.prevent_logout
+        || tick >= sd->canlog_tick + std::chrono::seconds(10))
     {
-        clif_setwaitclose (fd);
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 0;
+        clif_setwaitclose(fd);
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 0;
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 1;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 1;
     }
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x18b]);
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x18b].len);
 
 }
 
@@ -7056,59 +3948,40 @@ void clif_parse_QuitGame (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  account_id;
+    int account_id;
 
-    account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    bl = map_id2bl (account_id);
+    account_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    bl = map_id2bl(account_id);
     if (bl == NULL)
         return;
 
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x95;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x95;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
+        case BL::PC:
         {
             struct map_session_data *ssd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
-            nullpo_retv (ssd);
+            nullpo_retv(ssd);
 
             if (ssd->state.shroud_active)
-                memset (WFIFOP (fd, 6), 0, 24);
+                memset(WFIFOP(fd, 6), 0, 24);
             else
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), ssd->status.name, 24);
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x95]);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), ssd->status.name, 24);
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
 
-            struct guild *g = NULL;
             struct party *p = NULL;
 
-            const char *guild_name = "", *guild_pos = "", *party_name = "";
+            const char *party_name = "";
 
             int send = 0;
 
-            if (ssd->status.guild_id > 0 && (g = guild_search (ssd->status.guild_id)) != NULL)
-            {
-                // there used to be a comment near here, but the code has changed slightly
-                // ギルド所属�らパケット0195を返�
-                // google says that means: 0195 return if the packet belongs Guild
-                int  i, ps = -1;
-                for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-                {
-                    if (g->member[i].account_id == ssd->status.account_id)
-                        ps = g->member[i].position;
-                }
-                if (ps >= 0 && ps < MAX_GUILDPOSITION)
-                {
-                    guild_name = g->name;
-                    guild_pos = g->position[ps].name;
-                    send = 1;
-                }
-            }
-            if (ssd->status.party_id > 0 && (p = party_search (ssd->status.party_id)) != NULL)
+            if (ssd->status.party_id > 0 && (p = party_search(ssd->status.party_id)) != NULL)
             {
                 party_name = p->name;
                 send = 1;
@@ -7116,37 +3989,37 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 
             if (send)
             {
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x195;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), party_name, 24);
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 30), guild_name, 24);
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 54), guild_pos, 24);
-                memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 78), guild_pos, 24); // We send this value twice because the client expects it
-                WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x195]);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x195;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), party_name, 24);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 30), "", 24);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 54), "", 24);
+                memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 78), "", 24); // We send this value twice because the client expects it
+                WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x195].len);
 
             }
 
             if (pc_isGM(sd) >= battle_config.hack_info_GM_level)
             {
                 struct in_addr ip = ssd->ip;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x20C;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x20C;
 
                 // Mask the IP using the char-server password
                 if (battle_config.mask_ip_gms)
-                    ip = MD5_ip(chrif_getpasswd (), ssd->ip);
+                    ip = MD5_ip(chrif_getpasswd(), ssd->ip);
 
-                WFIFOL (fd, 2) = account_id;
-                WFIFOL (fd, 6) = ip.s_addr;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x20C]);
+                WFIFOL(fd, 2) = account_id;
+                WFIFOL(fd, 6) = ip.s_addr;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x20C].len);
              }
 
         }
             break;
-        case BL_NPC:
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), ((struct npc_data *) bl)->name, 24);
+        case BL::NPC:
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), ((struct npc_data *) bl)->name, 24);
             {
-                char *start = (char *)WFIFOP (fd, 6);
-                char *end = strchr (start, '#');    // [fate] elim hashed out/invisible names for the client
+                char *start = (char *)WFIFOP(fd, 6);
+                char *end = strchr(start, '#');    // [fate] elim hashed out/invisible names for the client
                 if (end)
                     while (*end)
                         *end++ = 0;
@@ -7155,21 +4028,21 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
                 while (*start == '_')
                     *start++ = ' ';
             }
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x95]);
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
             break;
-        case BL_MOB:
+        case BL::MOB:
         {
             struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
 
-            nullpo_retv (md);
+            nullpo_retv(md);
 
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 6), md->name, 24);
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x95]);
+            memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 6), md->name, 24);
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x95].len);
         }
             break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest : bad type %d(%d)\n",
+                PRINTF("clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest : bad type %d (%d)\n",
                         bl->type, account_id);
             break;
     }
@@ -7183,75 +4056,73 @@ void clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_GlobalMessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_GlobalMessage(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int msg_len = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4; /* Header (2) + length (2). */
+    int msg_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4; /* Header(2) + length(2). */
     size_t message_len = 0;
     // sometimes uint8_t
     char *buf = NULL;
-    char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
+    const char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat (sd, 2, &message, &message_len)))
+    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat(sd, 2, &message, &message_len)))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (is_atcommand (fd, sd, message, 0) != AtCommand_None
-            || (sd->sc_data && (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 //�ーサーク時�会話も��
-                                || sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1)))//�ャット�止
+    if (is_atcommand(fd, sd, message, 0)) //�ャット�止
     {
-        free (buf);
+        free(buf);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!magic_message (sd, buf, msg_len))
+    if (!magic_message(sd, buf, msg_len))
     {
         /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
-        if (tmw_CheckChatSpam (sd, message))
+        if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, message))
         {
-            free (buf);
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+            free(buf);
+            clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
             return;
         }
 
         /* It's not a spell/magic message, so send the message to others. */
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x8d;
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = msg_len + 8;   /* Header (2) + length (2) + ID (4). */
-        WBUFL (buf, 4) = sd->bl.id;
+        WBUFW(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(buf), 0) = 0x8d;
+        WBUFW(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(buf), 2) = msg_len + 8;   /* Header(2) + length(2) + ID(4). */
+        WBUFL(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(buf), 4) = sd->bl.id;
 
         // evil multiuse buffer!
-        clif_send ((const uint8_t *)buf, msg_len + 8, &sd->bl,
-                   sd->chatID ? CHAT_WOS : AREA_CHAT_WOC);
+        clif_send((const uint8_t *)buf, msg_len + 8, &sd->bl,
+                   sd->chatID ? SendWho::CHAT_WOS : SendWho::AREA_CHAT_WOC);
     }
 
     /* Send the message back to the speaker. */
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (fd, 0), RFIFOP (fd, 0), RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x8e;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, WFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(fd, 0), RFIFOP(fd, 0), RFIFOW(fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x8e;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, WFIFOW(fd, 2));
 
-    free (buf);
+    free(buf);
     return;
 }
 
-int clif_message (struct block_list *bl, const char *msg)
+int clif_message(struct block_list *bl, const char *msg)
 {
-    unsigned short msg_len = strlen (msg) + 1;
+    unsigned short msg_len = strlen(msg) + 1;
     unsigned char buf[512];
 
     if (msg_len + 16 > 512)
         return 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x8d;
-    WBUFW (buf, 2) = msg_len + 8;
-    WBUFL (buf, 4) = bl->id;
-    memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 8), msg, msg_len);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x8d;
+    WBUFW(buf, 2) = msg_len + 8;
+    WBUFL(buf, 4) = bl->id;
+    memcpy(WBUFP(buf, 8), msg, msg_len);
 
-    clif_send (buf, WBUFW (buf, 2), bl, AREA);
+    clif_send(buf, WBUFW(buf, 2), bl, SendWho::AREA);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7261,58 +4132,28 @@ int clif_message (struct block_list *bl, const char *msg)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_MapMove (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-// /m /mapmove (as @rura GM command)
-    char output[100];
-    char map_name[17];
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-    memset (map_name, '\0', sizeof (map_name));
-
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_MapMove)))
-    {
-        memcpy (map_name, RFIFOP (fd, 2), 16);
-        sprintf (output, "%s %d %d", map_name, RFIFOW (fd, 18),
-                 RFIFOW (fd, 20));
-        log_atcommand (sd, "@warp %s", output);
-        atcommand_warp (fd, sd, "@warp", output);
-    }
-
-    return;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ChangeDir (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_ChangeDir(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
-    short dir;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-//  RFIFOW(fd,2); // Apparently does nothing?
-    dir = RFIFOB (fd, 4);
+    // RFIFOW(fd, 2) is always 0
+    DIR dir = static_cast<DIR>(RFIFOB(fd, 4));
+    if (dir >= DIR::COUNT)
+        return;
 
     if (dir == sd->dir)
         return;
 
-    pc_setdir (sd, dir);
+    pc_setdir(sd, dir);
 
-    WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x9c;
-    WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WBUFW (buf, 6) = 0;
-    WBUFB (buf, 8) = dir;
-    if (sd->disguise > 23 && sd->disguise < 4001)   // mob disguises [Valaris]
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x9c], &sd->bl, AREA);
-    else
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x9c], &sd->bl, AREA_WOS);
+    WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x9c;
+    WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WBUFW(buf, 6) = 0;
+    WBUFB(buf, 8) = static_cast<uint8_t>(dir);
+
+    clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x9c].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA_WOS);
 
 }
 
@@ -7321,22 +4162,22 @@ void clif_parse_ChangeDir (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_Emotion (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_Emotion(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     unsigned char buf[64];
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
-        || pc_checkskill (sd, NV_EMOTE) >= 1)
+        || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_EMOTE) >= 1)
     {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0xc0;
-        WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-        WBUFB (buf, 6) = RFIFOB (fd, 2);
-        clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0xc0], &sd->bl, AREA);
+        WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0xc0;
+        WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+        WBUFB(buf, 6) = RFIFOB(fd, 2);
+        clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0xc0].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
     }
     else
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 0, 1);
+        clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 0, 1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7344,11 +4185,11 @@ void clif_parse_Emotion (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_HowManyConnections (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_HowManyConnections(int fd, struct map_session_data *)
 {
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xc2;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = map_getusers ();
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xc2]);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xc2;
+    WFIFOL(fd, 2) = map_getusers();
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xc2].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7356,68 +4197,64 @@ void clif_parse_HowManyConnections (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_ActionRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_ActionRequest(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    unsigned int tick;
     unsigned char buf[64];
-    int  action_type, target_id;
+    int action_type, target_id;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->opt1 > 0 || sd->status.option & 2 || sd->state.storage_flag ||
-            (sd->sc_data && (sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 ||   //オートカウンター
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1 || //白刃�り
-            sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)))
+    if (sd->npc_id != 0
+        || bool(sd->opt1)
+        || sd->state.storage_open)
         return;
 
-    tick = gettick ();
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
 
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-    pc_stopattack (sd);
+    pc_stop_walking(sd, 0);
+    pc_stopattack(sd);
 
-    target_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    action_type = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
+    target_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    action_type = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
 
     switch (action_type)
     {
         case 0x00:             // once attack
         case 0x07:             // continuous attack
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_WEDDING].timer != -1 || sd->view_class == 22
-                || sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE)
+            if (bool(sd->status.option & Option::HIDE))
                 return;
-            if (!battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable
-                && pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) <= 0)
+            if (!battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable)
             {
-                if (DIFF_TICK (tick, sd->canact_tick) < 0)
+                if (tick < sd->canact_tick)
                 {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 4, 0);
+                    clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 4, 0);
                     return;
                 }
             }
-            if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-                pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
+            if (sd->invincible_timer)
+                pc_delinvincibletimer(sd);
             if (sd->attacktarget > 0)   // [Valaris]
                 sd->attacktarget = 0;
-            pc_attack (sd, target_id, action_type != 0);
+            pc_attack(sd, target_id, action_type != 0);
             break;
         case 0x02:             // sitdown
-            pc_stop_walking (sd, 1);
-            skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 1); // ギャングスターパラダイス設定
-            pc_setsit (sd);
-            clif_sitting (fd, sd);
+            pc_stop_walking(sd, 1);
+            skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 1); // ギャングスターパラダイス設定
+            pc_setsit(sd);
+            clif_sitting(fd, sd);
             break;
         case 0x03:             // standup
-            skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 0); // ギャングスターパラダイス解除
-            pc_setstand (sd);
-            WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x8a;
-            WBUFL (buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-            WBUFB (buf, 26) = 3;
-            clif_send (buf, packet_len_table[0x8a], &sd->bl, AREA);
+            skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 0); // ギャングスターパラダイス解除
+            pc_setstand(sd);
+            WBUFW(buf, 0) = 0x8a;
+            WBUFL(buf, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+            WBUFB(buf, 26) = 3;
+            clif_send(buf, clif_parse_func_table[0x8a].len, &sd->bl, SendWho::AREA);
             break;
     }
 }
@@ -7427,39 +4264,35 @@ void clif_parse_ActionRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_Restart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_Restart(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    switch (RFIFOB (fd, 2))
+    switch (RFIFOB(fd, 2))
     {
         case 0x00:
-            if (pc_isdead (sd))
+            if (pc_isdead(sd))
             {
-                pc_setstand (sd);
-                pc_setrestartvalue (sd, 3);
-                pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
+                pc_setstand(sd);
+                pc_setrestartvalue(sd, 3);
+                pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
                            sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y,
-                           2);
+                           BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
             }
             break;
         case 0x01:
-            /*if(!pc_isdead(sd) && (sd->opt1 || (sd->opt2 && !(night_flag == 1 && sd->opt2 == STATE_BLIND))))
-             * return; */
-
             /*  Rovert's Prevent logout option - Fixed [Valaris]    */
-            if ((battle_config.prevent_logout
-                 && (gettick () - sd->canlog_tick) >= 10000)
-                || (!battle_config.prevent_logout))
+            if (!battle_config.prevent_logout
+                || gettick() >= sd->canlog_tick + std::chrono::seconds(10))
             {
-                chrif_charselectreq (sd);
+                chrif_charselectreq(sd);
             }
             else
             {
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x18b;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 2) = 1;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x18b;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 2) = 1;
 
-                WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x018b]);
+                WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x018b].len);
             }
             break;
     }
@@ -7476,34 +4309,32 @@ void clif_parse_Restart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_Wis (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_Wis(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     size_t message_len = 0;
     char *buf = NULL;
-    char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
+    const char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
     struct map_session_data *dstsd = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat (sd, 1, &message, &message_len)))
+    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat(sd, 1, &message, &message_len)))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (is_atcommand (fd, sd, message, 0) != AtCommand_None
-            || (sd->sc_data && (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1
-                                || sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1)))
+    if (is_atcommand(fd, sd, message, 0))
     {
-        free (buf);
+        free(buf);
         return;
     }
 
     /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
-    if (tmw_CheckChatSpam (sd, message))
+    if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, message))
     {
-        free (buf);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        free(buf);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -7513,75 +4344,50 @@ void clif_parse_Wis (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
      * conflict (for instance, "Test" versus "test"), the char-server must
      * settle the discrepancy.
      */
-    if (!(dstsd = map_nick2sd ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4)))
-            || strcmp (dstsd->status.name, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4)) != 0)
-        intif_wis_message (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4), message,  RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 28);
+    if (!(dstsd = map_nick2sd((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4)))
+            || strcmp(dstsd->status.name, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4)) != 0)
+        intif_wis_message(sd, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4), message,  RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 28);
     else
     {
         /* Refuse messages addressed to self. */
         if (dstsd->fd == fd)
         {
             const char *mes = "You cannot page yourself.";
-            clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name, mes, strlen (mes) + 1);
+            clif_wis_message(fd, wisp_server_name, mes, strlen(mes) + 1);
         }
         else
         {
             /* The target is ignoring all whispers. */
             if (dstsd->ignoreAll == 1)
                 /* Ignored by target. */
-                clif_wis_end (fd, 2);
+                clif_wis_end(fd, 2);
             else
             {
                 int i;
-                size_t end = sizeof (dstsd->ignore) / sizeof (dstsd->ignore[0]);
+                size_t end = sizeof(dstsd->ignore) / sizeof(dstsd->ignore[0]);
 
                 /* See if the source player is being ignored. */
                 for (i = 0; i < end; ++i)
-                    if (strcmp (dstsd->ignore[i].name, sd->status.name) == 0)
+                    if (strcmp(dstsd->ignore[i].name, sd->status.name) == 0)
                     {
                         /* Ignored by target. */
-                        clif_wis_end (fd, 2);
+                        clif_wis_end(fd, 2);
                         break;
                     }
 
                 /* The player is not being ignored. */
                 if (i == end)
                 {
-                    clif_wis_message (dstsd->fd, sd->status.name, message,
-                                      RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 28);
+                    clif_wis_message(dstsd->fd, sd->status.name, message,
+                                      RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 28);
                     /* The whisper was sent successfully. */
-                    clif_wis_end (fd, 0);
+                    clif_wis_end(fd, 0);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    free (buf);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GMmessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    char m[512];
-    char output[200];
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Broadcast)))
-    {
-        strncpy (m, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4);
-        m[RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4] = 0;
-        log_atcommand (sd, "/announce %s", m);
-
-        memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-        snprintf (output, 199, "%s : %s", sd->status.name, m);
-
-        intif_GMmessage (output, strlen (output) + 1, 0);
-    }
+    free(buf);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7589,40 +4395,37 @@ void clif_parse_GMmessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TakeItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TakeItem(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct flooritem_data *fitem;
-    int  map_object_id;
+    int map_object_id;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    map_object_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    fitem = (struct flooritem_data *) map_id2bl (map_object_id);
+    map_object_id = RFIFOL(fd, 2);
+    fitem = (struct flooritem_data *) map_id2bl(map_object_id);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->opt1 > 0 || (sd->sc_data &&
-            (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 ||    //死ん��り
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1 ||    //白刃�り
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 ||  //�ーサーク
-            sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1)))   //会話�止
+    if (sd->npc_id != 0
+        || sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO)   //会話�止
         return;
 
     if (fitem == NULL || fitem->bl.m != sd->bl.m)
         return;
 
-    if (abs (sd->bl.x - fitem->bl.x) >= 2
-        || abs (sd->bl.y - fitem->bl.y) >= 2)
+    if (abs(sd->bl.x - fitem->bl.x) >= 2
+        || abs(sd->bl.y - fitem->bl.y) >= 2)
         return;                 // too far away to pick up
 
     if (sd->state.shroud_active && sd->state.shroud_disappears_on_pickup)
-        magic_unshroud (sd);
+        magic_unshroud(sd);
 
-    pc_takeitem (sd, fitem);
+    pc_takeitem(sd, fitem);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7630,15 +4433,15 @@ void clif_parse_TakeItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_DropItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_DropItem(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  item_index, item_amount;
+    int item_index, item_amount;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.no_player_drops)
@@ -7646,19 +4449,17 @@ void clif_parse_DropItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
         clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Can't drop items here.");
         return;
     }
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->opt1 > 0 ||
-            (sd->sc_data && (sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 ||    //オートカウンター
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1 ||  //白刃�り
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)))    //�ーサーク
+    if (sd->npc_id != 0
+        || sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO)
     {
         clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "Can't drop items right now.");
         return;
     }
 
-    item_index = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2;
-    item_amount = RFIFOW (fd, 4);
+    item_index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
+    item_amount = RFIFOW(fd, 4);
 
-    pc_dropitem (sd, item_index, item_amount);
+    pc_dropitem(sd, item_index, item_amount);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7666,26 +4467,23 @@ void clif_parse_DropItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_UseItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_UseItem(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->opt1 > 0 || (sd->sc_data &&
-            (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 ||    //死ん��り
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1 ||    //白刃�り
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 ||  //�ーサーク
-            sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1)))   //会話�止
+    if (sd->npc_id != 0
+        || sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO)   //会話�止
         return;
 
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-        pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
+    if (sd->invincible_timer)
+        pc_delinvincibletimer(sd);
 
-    pc_useitem (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2);
+    pc_useitem(sd, RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7693,24 +4491,20 @@ void clif_parse_UseItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_EquipItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_EquipItem(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  index;
+    int index;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
-    index = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2;
+    index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
     if (sd->npc_id != 0)
         return;
-    if (sd->sc_data
-        && (sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1))
-        return;
 
     if (sd->status.inventory[index].identify != 1)
     {                           // 未鑑定
@@ -7723,9 +4517,13 @@ void clif_parse_EquipItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
     //ペット用装備��る����
     if (sd->inventory_data[index])
     {
-        if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 10)
-            RFIFOW (fd, 4) = 0x8000;    // 矢を無�やり装備��るよ��（−−；
-        pc_equipitem (sd, index, RFIFOW (fd, 4));
+        EPOS epos = EPOS(RFIFOW(fd, 4));
+        if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == ItemType::ARROW)
+            // 矢を無�やり装備��るよ��（−−；
+            epos = EPOS::ARROW;
+
+        // Note: the EPOS argument to pc_equipitem is actually ignored
+        pc_equipitem(sd, index, epos);
     }
 }
 
@@ -7734,32 +4532,27 @@ void clif_parse_EquipItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_UnequipItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_UnequipItem(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  index;
+    int index;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
-    index = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2;
-    if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1 && sd->sc_data
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_BROKNWEAPON].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNWEAPON, -1);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1 && sd->sc_data
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_BROKNARMOR].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNARMOR, -1);
-    if (sd->sc_data
-        && (sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1))
-        return;
+    index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
+    if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1 && sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON].timer)
+        skill_status_change_end(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON, nullptr);
+    if (sd->status.inventory[index].broken == 1 && sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_BROKNARMOR].timer)
+        skill_status_change_end(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_BROKNARMOR, nullptr);
 
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->opt1 > 0)
+    if (sd->npc_id != 0
+        || sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO)
         return;
-    pc_unequipitem (sd, index, 0);
+    pc_unequipitem(sd, index, CalcStatus::NOW);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7767,18 +4560,18 @@ void clif_parse_UnequipItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcClicked (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcClicked(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
         return;
     }
     if (sd->npc_id != 0)
         return;
-    npc_click (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    npc_click(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7786,9 +4579,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcClicked (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    npc_buysellsel (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 6));
+    npc_buysellsel(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOB(fd, 6));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7796,71 +4589,17 @@ void clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  fail = 0, n;
-    unsigned short *item_list;
-
-    n = (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4) / 4;
-    item_list = (unsigned short *) RFIFOP (fd, 4);
+    int n = (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 4;
+    // really an array of pairs of uint16_t
+    const uint16_t *item_list = static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4));
 
-    fail = npc_buylist (sd, n, item_list);
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xca;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xca]);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_NpcSellListSend (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  fail = 0, n;
-    unsigned short *item_list;
-
-    n = (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4) / 4;
-    item_list = (unsigned short *) RFIFOP (fd, 4);
-
-    fail = npc_selllist (sd, n, item_list);
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0xcb;
-    WFIFOB (fd, 2) = fail;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0xcb]);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_CreateChatRoom (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    chat_createchat (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 4), RFIFOB (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 7),
-                     (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 15), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 15);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ChatAddMember (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    chat_joinchat (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-}
+    int fail = npc_buylist(sd, n, item_list);
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ChatRoomStatusChange (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    chat_changechatstatus (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 4), RFIFOB (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 7),
-                           (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 15), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 15);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xca;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xca].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7868,29 +4607,17 @@ void clif_parse_ChatRoomStatusChange (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_ChangeChatOwner (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcSellListSend(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    chat_changechatowner (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-}
+    int n = (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 4;
+    // really an array of pairs of uint16_t
+    const uint16_t *item_list = static_cast<const uint16_t *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4));
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_KickFromChat (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    chat_kickchat (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2));
-}
+    int fail = npc_selllist(sd, n, item_list);
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ChatLeave (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    chat_leavechat (sd);
+    WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0xcb;
+    WFIFOB(fd, 2) = fail;
+    WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0xcb].len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7898,17 +4625,17 @@ void clif_parse_ChatLeave (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeRequest(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
-        || pc_checkskill (sd, NV_TRADE) >= 1)
+        || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_TRADE) >= 1)
     {
-        trade_traderequest (sd, RFIFOL (sd->fd, 2));
+        trade_traderequest(sd, RFIFOL(sd->fd, 2));
     }
     else
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 0, 0);
+        clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 0, 0);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7916,11 +4643,11 @@ void clif_parse_TradeRequest (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeAck (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeAck(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    trade_tradeack (sd, RFIFOB (sd->fd, 2));
+    trade_tradeack(sd, RFIFOB(sd->fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7928,11 +4655,11 @@ void clif_parse_TradeAck (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeAddItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeAddItem(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    trade_tradeadditem (sd, RFIFOW (sd->fd, 2), RFIFOL (sd->fd, 4));
+    trade_tradeadditem(sd, RFIFOW(sd->fd, 2), RFIFOL(sd->fd, 4));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7940,9 +4667,9 @@ void clif_parse_TradeAddItem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeOk (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeOk(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    trade_tradeok (sd);
+    trade_tradeok(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7950,9 +4677,9 @@ void clif_parse_TradeOk (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeCansel (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeCansel(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    trade_tradecancel (sd);
+    trade_tradecancel(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7960,9 +4687,9 @@ void clif_parse_TradeCansel (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_TradeCommit (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_TradeCommit(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    trade_tradecommit (sd);
+    trade_tradecommit(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7970,72 +4697,9 @@ void clif_parse_TradeCommit (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_StopAttack (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    pc_stopattack (sd);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�アイテムを移�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_PutItemToCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->trade_partner != 0)
-        return;
-    pc_putitemtocart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2, RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�らアイテムを出�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GetItemFromCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->trade_partner != 0)
-        return;
-    pc_getitemfromcart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2, RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 付属�(鷹,ペコ,カート)を���
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_RemoveOption (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_StopAttack(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    if (pc_isriding (sd))
-    {                           // jobchange when removing peco [Valaris]
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 13)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 7;
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 21)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 14;
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 4014)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4008;
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 4022)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4015;
-    }
-
-    pc_setoption (sd, 0);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �ェンジカート
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ChangeCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    pc_setcart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    pc_stopattack(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8043,9 +4707,9 @@ void clif_parse_ChangeCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_StatusUp (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_StatusUp(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    pc_statusup (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
+    pc_statusup(sd, SP(RFIFOW(fd, 2)));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8053,196 +4717,9 @@ void clif_parse_StatusUp (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_SkillUp (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_SkillUp(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    pc_skillup (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（ID指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_UseSkillToId (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  skillnum, skilllv, lv, target_id;
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noskill)
-        return;
-    if (sd->chatID || sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->state.storage_flag)
-        return;
-
-    skilllv = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
-    skillnum = RFIFOW (fd, 4);
-    target_id = RFIFOL (fd, 6);
-
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1)
-    {
-        if (skillnum != SA_CASTCANCEL)
-            return;
-    }
-    else if (DIFF_TICK (tick, sd->canact_tick) < 0)
-    {
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, skillnum, 4, 0);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if ((sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 && skillnum != NV_TRICKDEAD) ||
-        sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1
-        || sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1
-        || sd->sc_data[SC_WEDDING].timer != -1 || sd->view_class == 22)
-        return;
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-        pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
-    if (sd->skillitem >= 0 && sd->skillitem == skillnum)
-    {
-        if (skilllv != sd->skillitemlv)
-            skilllv = sd->skillitemlv;
-        skill_use_id (sd, target_id, skillnum, skilllv);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        if (skillnum == MO_EXTREMITYFIST)
-        {
-            if ((sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer == -1
-                 || (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != MO_COMBOFINISH
-                     && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != CH_CHAINCRUSH)))
-            {
-                if (!sd->state.skill_flag)
-                {
-                    sd->state.skill_flag = 1;
-                    clif_skillinfo (sd, MO_EXTREMITYFIST, 1, -1);
-                    return;
-                }
-                else if (sd->bl.id == target_id)
-                {
-                    clif_skillinfo (sd, MO_EXTREMITYFIST, 1, -1);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if ((lv = pc_checkskill (sd, skillnum)) > 0)
-        {
-            if (skilllv > lv)
-                skilllv = lv;
-            skill_use_id (sd, target_id, skillnum, skilllv);
-            if (sd->state.skill_flag)
-                sd->state.skill_flag = 0;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（場所指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_UseSkillToPos (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  skillnum, skilllv, lv, x, y;
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-    int  skillmoreinfo;
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noskill)
-        return;
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->state.storage_flag)
-        return;
-    if (sd->chatID)
-        return;
-
-    skillmoreinfo = -1;
-    skilllv = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
-    skillnum = RFIFOW (fd, 4);
-    x = RFIFOW (fd, 6);
-    y = RFIFOW (fd, 8);
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) == 0x190)
-        skillmoreinfo = 10;
-
-    if (skillmoreinfo != -1)
-    {
-        if (pc_issit (sd))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, skillnum, 0, 0);
-            return;
-        }
-        memcpy (talkie_mes, RFIFOP (fd, skillmoreinfo), 80);
-    }
-
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1)
-        return;
-    else if (DIFF_TICK (tick, sd->canact_tick) < 0)
-    {
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, skillnum, 4, 0);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if ((sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 && skillnum != NV_TRICKDEAD) ||
-        sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1
-        || sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1
-        || sd->sc_data[SC_WEDDING].timer != -1 || sd->view_class == 22)
-        return;
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-        pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
-    if (sd->skillitem >= 0 && sd->skillitem == skillnum)
-    {
-        if (skilllv != sd->skillitemlv)
-            skilllv = sd->skillitemlv;
-        skill_use_pos (sd, x, y, skillnum, skilllv);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        if ((lv = pc_checkskill (sd, skillnum)) > 0)
-        {
-            if (skilllv > lv)
-                skilllv = lv;
-            skill_use_pos (sd, x, y, skillnum, skilllv);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（map指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_UseSkillMap (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noskill)
-        return;
-    if (sd->chatID)
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->npc_id != 0 || (sd->sc_data &&
-                            (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 ||
-                             sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 ||
-                             sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1 ||
-                             sd->sc_data[SC_WEDDING].timer != -1 ||
-                             sd->view_class == 22)))
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-        pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
-
-    skill_castend_map (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * メモ�求
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_RequestMemo (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    pc_memo (sd, -1);
+    pc_skillup(sd, SkillID(RFIFOW(fd, 2)));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8250,12 +4727,12 @@ void clif_parse_RequestMemo (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    sd->npc_menu = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
-    map_scriptcont (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    sd->npc_menu = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8263,9 +4740,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcNextClicked (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcNextClicked(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    map_scriptcont (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8273,17 +4750,12 @@ void clif_parse_NpcNextClicked (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcAmountInput (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcAmountInput(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-#define RFIFOL_(fd,pos) (*(int*)(session[fd]->rdata+session[fd]->rdata_pos+(pos)))
-    //Input Value overflow Exploit FIX
-    sd->npc_amount = RFIFOL_ (fd, 6);   //fixed by Lupus. npc_amount is (int) but was RFIFOL changing it to (unsigned int)
-
-#undef RFIFOL_
-
-    map_scriptcont (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    sd->npc_amount = RFIFOL(fd, 6);
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8293,12 +4765,12 @@ void clif_parse_NpcAmountInput (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcStringInput (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcStringInput(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  len;
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    int len;
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    len = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 8;
+    len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 8;
 
     /*
      * If we check for equal to 0, too, we'll freeze clients that send (or
@@ -8307,17 +4779,17 @@ void clif_parse_NpcStringInput (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
     if (len < 0)
         return;
 
-    if (len >= sizeof (sd->npc_str) - 1)
+    if (len >= sizeof(sd->npc_str) - 1)
     {
-        printf ("clif_parse_NpcStringInput(): Input string too long!\n");
-        len = sizeof (sd->npc_str) - 1;
+        PRINTF("clif_parse_NpcStringInput(): Input string too long!\n");
+        len = sizeof(sd->npc_str) - 1;
     }
 
     if (len > 0)
-        strncpy (sd->npc_str, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 8), len);
+        strncpy(sd->npc_str, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 8), len);
     sd->npc_str[len] = '\0';
 
-    map_scriptcont (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 4));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8325,112 +4797,9 @@ void clif_parse_NpcStringInput (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    map_scriptcont (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * アイテム鑑定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ItemIdentify (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    pc_item_identify (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * オートスペル�信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_AutoSpell (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    skill_autospell (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カード使用
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_UseCard (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    clif_use_card (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カード挿入装備�択
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_InsertCard (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    pc_insert_card (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2, RFIFOW (fd, 4) - 2);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 0193 キャラID��引�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_SolveCharName (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  char_id;
-
-    char_id = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    clif_solved_charname (sd, char_id);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 0197 /resetskill /resetstate
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_ResetChar (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd))
-    {
-        switch (RFIFOW (fd, 2))
-        {
-            case 0:
-                log_atcommand (sd, "@charstreset %s", sd->status.name);
-                if (pc_isGM (sd) >=
-                    get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_ResetState))
-                    pc_resetstate (sd);
-                break;
-            case 1:
-                log_atcommand (sd, "@charskreset %s", sd->status.name);
-                if (pc_isGM (sd) >=
-                    get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_ResetState))
-                    pc_resetskill (sd);
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 019c /lbç­‰
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_LGMmessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    unsigned char buf[64];
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_LocalBroadcast)))
-    {
-        WBUFW (buf, 0) = 0x9a;
-        WBUFW (buf, 2) = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
-        memcpy (WBUFP (buf, 4), RFIFOP (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4);
-        clif_send (buf, RFIFOW (fd, 2), &sd->bl, ALL_SAMEMAP);
-    }
+    map_scriptcont(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8438,23 +4807,21 @@ void clif_parse_LGMmessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_MoveToKafra (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_MoveToKafra(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  item_index, item_amount;
+    int item_index, item_amount;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    item_index = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2;
-    item_amount = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
+    item_index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 2;
+    item_amount = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
 
     if ((sd->npc_id != 0 && !sd->npc_flags.storage) || sd->trade_partner != 0
-        || !sd->state.storage_flag)
+        || !sd->state.storage_open)
         return;
 
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storageadd (sd, item_index, item_amount);
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storageadd (sd, item_index, item_amount);
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
+        storage_storageadd(sd, item_index, item_amount);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8462,61 +4829,21 @@ void clif_parse_MoveToKafra (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_MoveFromKafra (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_MoveFromKafra(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  item_index, item_amount;
+    int item_index, item_amount;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    item_index = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 1;
-    item_amount = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
+    item_index = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 1;
+    item_amount = RFIFOL(fd, 4);
 
     if ((sd->npc_id != 0 && !sd->npc_flags.storage) || sd->trade_partner != 0
-        || !sd->state.storage_flag)
+        || !sd->state.storage_open)
         return;
 
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storageget (sd, item_index, item_amount);
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storageget (sd, item_index, item_amount);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カプラ倉庫�カート�ら入れる
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_MoveToKafraFromCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if ((sd->npc_id != 0 && !sd->npc_flags.storage) || sd->trade_partner != 0
-        || !sd->state.storage_flag)
-        return;
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storageaddfromcart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2, RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storageaddfromcart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 2,
-                                          RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カプラ倉庫�ら出�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_MoveFromKafraToCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if ((sd->npc_id != 0 && !sd->npc_flags.storage) || sd->trade_partner != 0
-        || !sd->state.storage_flag)
-        return;
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storagegettocart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 1, RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storagegettocart (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 1,
-                                        RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
+        storage_storageget(sd, item_index, item_amount);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8524,14 +4851,12 @@ void clif_parse_MoveFromKafraToCart (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_CloseKafra (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_CloseKafra(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storageclose (sd);
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storageclose (sd);
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
+        storage_storageclose(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8542,39 +4867,15 @@ void clif_parse_CloseKafra (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_CreateParty (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
-        || pc_checkskill (sd, NV_PARTY) >= 2)
-    {
-        party_create (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2));
-    }
-    else
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 0, 4);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * パーティを作る
- * Process request to create a party.
- *
- * (S 01e8 <party_name>.24B <exp>.B <itm>.B)
- *
- * Note: Upstream eAthena uses this to
- *       specify experience/item sharing,
- *       respectively, but it was left
- *       incomplete here.
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_CreateParty2 (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_CreateParty(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
-        || pc_checkskill (sd, NV_PARTY) >= 2)
+        || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_PARTY) >= 2)
     {
-        party_create (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2));
+        party_create(sd, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 2));
     }
     else
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 0, 4);
+        clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 0, 4);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8585,9 +4886,9 @@ void clif_parse_CreateParty2 (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_PartyInvite (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_PartyInvite(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    party_invite (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    party_invite(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8598,17 +4899,17 @@ void clif_parse_PartyInvite (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     if (battle_config.basic_skill_check == 0
-        || pc_checkskill (sd, NV_PARTY) >= 1)
+        || pc_checkskill(sd, SkillID::NV_PARTY) >= 1)
     {
-        party_reply_invite (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
+        party_reply_invite(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6));
     }
     else
     {
-        party_reply_invite (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), 0);
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 0, 4);
+        party_reply_invite(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), 0);
+        clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 0, 4);
     }
 }
 
@@ -8617,9 +4918,9 @@ void clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_LeaveParty (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_LeaveParty(int, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    party_leave (sd);
+    party_leave(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8627,9 +4928,9 @@ void clif_parse_LeaveParty (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_RemovePartyMember (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_RemovePartyMember(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    party_removemember (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6));
+    party_removemember(sd, RFIFOL(fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 6));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8637,9 +4938,9 @@ void clif_parse_RemovePartyMember (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_PartyChangeOption (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_PartyChangeOption(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    party_changeoption (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2), RFIFOW (fd, 4));
+    party_changeoption(sd, RFIFOW(fd, 2), RFIFOW(fd, 4));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8651,1381 +4952,646 @@ void clif_parse_PartyChangeOption (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void clif_parse_PartyMessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    size_t message_len = 0;
-    char *buf = NULL;
-    char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat (sd, 0, &message, &message_len)))
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (is_atcommand (fd, sd, message, 0) != AtCommand_None
-            || (sd->sc_data && (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 //�ーサーク時�会話も��
-                                || sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1))) //�ャット�止
-    {
-        free (buf);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
-    if (tmw_CheckChatSpam (sd, message))
-    {
-        free (buf);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    party_send_message (sd, message, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4);
-    free (buf);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * /monster /item rewriten by [Yor]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GM_Monster_Item (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    char monster_item_name[25];
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    memset (monster_item_name, '\0', sizeof (monster_item_name));
-
-    if (battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd))
-    {
-        memcpy (monster_item_name, RFIFOP (fd, 2), 24);
-
-        if (mobdb_searchname (monster_item_name) != 0)
-        {
-            if (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Monster))
-            {
-                log_atcommand (sd, "@spawn %s", monster_item_name);
-                atcommand_spawn (fd, sd, "@spawn", monster_item_name);  // as @spawn
-            }
-        }
-        else if (itemdb_searchname (monster_item_name) != NULL)
-        {
-            if (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Item))
-            {
-                log_atcommand (sd, "@item %s", monster_item_name);
-                atcommand_item (fd, sd, "@item", monster_item_name);    // as @item
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドを作る
- * Process request to create a guild.
- *
- * (S 0165 <account_ID>.l <guild_name>.24B)
- *
- * Note: The account ID seems to be ignored.
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_CreateGuild (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_create (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドマスター����確�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildCheckMaster (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    clif_guild_masterormember (sd);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド情報�求
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildReqeustInfo (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    switch (RFIFOL (fd, 2))
-    {
-        case 0:                // ギルド基本情報��盟敵対情報
-            clif_guild_basicinfo (sd);
-            clif_guild_allianceinfo (sd);
-            break;
-        case 1:                // メン�ーリスト�役��リスト
-            clif_guild_positionnamelist (sd);
-            clif_guild_memberlist (sd);
-            break;
-        case 2:                // 役��リスト�役�情報リスト
-            clif_guild_positionnamelist (sd);
-            clif_guild_positioninfolist (sd);
-            break;
-        case 3:                // スキルリスト
-            clif_guild_skillinfo (sd);
-            break;
-        case 4:                // 追放リスト
-            clif_guild_explusionlist (sd);
-            break;
-        default:
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("clif: guild request info: unknown type %d\n",
-                        RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド役�変更
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildChangePositionInfo (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i, ps;
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || (!(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010) && strcmp (g->master, sd->status.name)))
-        return;
-
-    for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i += 40)
-    {
-        guild_change_position (sd, RFIFOL (fd, i), RFIFOL (fd, i + 4),
-                               RFIFOL (fd, i + 12), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, i + 16));
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドメン�役�変更
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildChangeMemberPosition (int fd,
-                                           struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i, ps;
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || (!(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010) && strcmp (g->master, sd->status.name)))
-        return;
-
-    for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i += 12)
-    {
-        guild_change_memberposition (sd->status.guild_id,
-                                     RFIFOL (fd, i), RFIFOL (fd, i + 4),
-                                     RFIFOL (fd, i + 8));
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドエンブレム�求
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildRequestEmblem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-    if (g != NULL)
-        clif_guild_emblem (sd, g);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドエンブレム変更
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildChangeEmblem (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_change_emblem (sd, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド告知変更
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildChangeNotice (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_change_notice (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 66));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド勧誘
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildInvite (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_invite (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド勧誘返信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildReplyInvite (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_reply_invite (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 6));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド脱退
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildLeave (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_leave (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                 (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 14));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド追放
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildExplusion (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_explusion (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                     (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 14));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド会話
- * Validate and process transmission of a
- * guild message.
- *
- * (S 017e <len>.w <message>.?B)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildMessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_PartyMessage(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     size_t message_len = 0;
     char *buf = NULL;
-    char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
+    const char *message = NULL;   /* The message text only. */
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat (sd, 2, &message, &message_len)))
+    if (!(buf = clif_validate_chat(sd, 0, &message, &message_len)))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (is_atcommand (fd, sd, message, 0) != AtCommand_None
-            || (sd->sc_data && (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 //�ーサーク時�会話も��
-                                || sd->sc_data[SC_NOCHAT].timer != -1))) //�ャット�止
+    if (is_atcommand(fd, sd, message, 0)) //�ャット�止
     {
-        free (buf);
+        free(buf);
         return;
     }
 
     /* Don't send chat that results in an automatic ban. */
-    if (tmw_CheckChatSpam (sd, message))
-    {
-        free (buf);
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    guild_send_message (sd, buf + 8, RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4);
-    free (buf);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド�盟�求
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildRequestAlliance (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_reqalliance (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド�盟�求返信
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildReplyAlliance (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_reply_reqalliance (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド関係解消
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildDelAlliance (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_delalliance (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド敵対
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildOpposition (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_opposition (sd, RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルド解散
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GuildBreak (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    guild_break (sd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2));
-}
-
-// Kick (right click menu for GM "(name) force to quit")
-static
-void clif_parse_GMKick (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct block_list *target;
-    int  tid = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Kick)))
-    {
-        target = map_id2bl (tid);
-        if (target)
-        {
-            if (target->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *tsd =
-                    (struct map_session_data *) target;
-                log_atcommand (sd, "@kick %s", tsd->status.name);
-                if (pc_isGM (sd) > pc_isGM (tsd))
-                    clif_GM_kick (sd, tsd, 1);
-                else
-                    clif_GM_kickack (sd, 0);
-            }
-            else if (target->type == BL_MOB)
-            {
-                struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) target;
-                sd->state.attack_type = 0;
-                mob_damage (&sd->bl, md, md->hp, 2);
-            }
-            else
-                clif_GM_kickack (sd, 0);
-        }
-        else
-            clif_GM_kickack (sd, 0);
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * /shift
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_Shift (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{                               // Rewriten by [Yor]
-    char player_name[25];
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    memset (player_name, '\0', sizeof (player_name));
-
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Goto)))
-    {
-        memcpy (player_name, RFIFOP (fd, 2), 24);
-        log_atcommand (sd, "@goto %s", player_name);
-        atcommand_goto (fd, sd, "@goto", player_name);  // as @jumpto
-    }
-
-    return;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * /recall
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_Recall (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{                               // Added by RoVeRT
-    char player_name[25];
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    memset (player_name, '\0', sizeof (player_name));
-
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Recall)))
-    {
-        memcpy (player_name, RFIFOP (fd, 2), 24);
-        log_atcommand (sd, "@recall %s", player_name);
-        atcommand_recall (fd, sd, "@recall", player_name);  // as @recall
-    }
-
-    return;
-}
-
-static
-void clif_parse_GMHide (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{                               // Modified by [Yor]
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    //printf("%2x %2x %2x\n", RFIFOW(fd,0), RFIFOW(fd,2), RFIFOW(fd,4)); // R 019d <Option_value>.2B <flag>.2B
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Hide)))
+    if (tmw_CheckChatSpam(sd, message))
     {
-        log_atcommand (sd, "@hide");
-        if (sd->status.option & OPTION_HIDE)
-        {                       // OPTION_HIDE = 0x40
-            sd->status.option &= ~OPTION_HIDE;  // OPTION_HIDE = 0x40
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invisible: Off.");
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            sd->status.option |= OPTION_HIDE;   // OPTION_HIDE = 0x40
-            clif_displaymessage (fd, "Invisible: On.");
-        }
-        clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * GM�よる�ャット�止時間付与
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GMReqNoChat (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  tid = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-    int  type = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
-    int  limit = RFIFOW (fd, 7);
-    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl (tid);
-    struct map_session_data *dstsd;
-    int  dstfd;
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (!battle_config.muting_players)
-    {
-        clif_displaymessage (fd, "Muting is disabled.");
+        free(buf);
+        clif_displaymessage(fd, "Your message could not be sent.");
         return;
     }
 
-    if (type == 0)
-        limit = 0 - limit;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (dstsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
-    {
-        if ((tid == bl->id && type == 2 && !pc_isGM (sd))
-            || (pc_isGM (sd) > pc_isGM (dstsd)))
-        {
-            dstfd = dstsd->fd;
-            WFIFOW (dstfd, 0) = 0x14b;
-            WFIFOB (dstfd, 2) = (type == 2) ? 1 : type;
-            memcpy (WFIFOP (dstfd, 3), sd->status.name, 24);
-            WFIFOSET (dstfd, packet_len_table[0x14b]);
-            dstsd->status.manner -= limit;
-            if (dstsd->status.manner < 0)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_NOCHAT, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-            else
-            {
-                dstsd->status.manner = 0;
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_NOCHAT, -1);
-            }
-            printf ("name:%s type:%d limit:%d manner:%d\n",
-                    dstsd->status.name, type, limit, dstsd->status.manner);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * GM�よる�ャット�止時間�照（？）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_GMReqNoChatCount (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  tid = RFIFOL (fd, 2);
-
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1e0;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = tid;
-    sprintf ((char *)WFIFOP (fd, 6), "%d", tid);
-//  memcpy(WFIFOP(fd,6),"TESTNAME",24);
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1e0]);
-
-    return;
-}
-
-static
-void clif_parse_PMIgnore (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{                               // Rewritten by [Yor]
-    char output[1024];
-    char *nick;                 // S 00cf <nick>.24B <type>.B: 00 (/ex nick) deny speech from nick, 01 (/in nick) allow speech from nick
-    int  i;
-    int  pos;
-
-    memset (output, '\0', sizeof (output));
-
-    nick = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2);      // speed up
-    //printf("Ignore: char '%s' state: %d\n", nick, RFIFOB(fd,26));
-    // we ask for deny (we add nick only if it's not already exist
-    if (RFIFOB (fd, 26) == 0)
-    {                           // type
-        if (strlen (nick) >= 4 && strlen (nick) < 24)
-        {                       // do something only if nick can be exist
-            pos = -1;
-            for (i = 0; i < (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0]));
-                 i++)
-            {
-                if (strcmp (sd->ignore[i].name, nick) == 0)
-                    break;
-                else if (pos == -1 && sd->ignore[i].name[0] == '\0')
-                    pos = i;
-            }
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x0d1; // R 00d1 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
-            WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
-            // if a position is found and name not found, we add it in the list
-            if (pos != -1
-                && i == (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0])))
-            {
-                memcpy (sd->ignore[pos].name, nick, 24);
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 0; // success
-                WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d1]);
-                if (strcmp (wisp_server_name, nick) == 0)
-                {               // to found possible bot users that automaticaly ignores people.
-                    sprintf (output,
-                             "Character '%s' (account: %d) has tried to block wisps from '%s' (wisp name of the server). Bot user?",
-                             sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id,
-                             wisp_server_name);
-                    intif_wis_message_to_gm (wisp_server_name,
-                                             battle_config.hack_info_GM_level,
-                                             output, strlen (output) + 1);
-                    // send something to be inform and force bot to ignore twice... If GM receiving block + block again, it's a bot :)
-                    clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
-                                      "Add me in your ignore list, doesn't block my wisps.",
-                                      strlen
-                                      ("Add me in your ignore list, doesn't block my wisps.")
-                                      + 1);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 1; // fail
-                if (i == (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0])))
-                {
-                    clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
-                                      "You can not block more people.",
-                                      strlen
-                                      ("You can not block more people.") + 1);
-                    if (strcmp (wisp_server_name, nick) == 0)
-                    {           // to found possible bot users that automaticaly ignores people.
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Character '%s' (account: %d) has tried to block wisps from '%s' (wisp name of the server). Bot user?",
-                                 sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id,
-                                 wisp_server_name);
-                        intif_wis_message_to_gm (wisp_server_name,
-                                                 battle_config.hack_info_GM_level,
-                                                 output, strlen (output) + 1);
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
-                                      "This player is already blocked.",
-                                      strlen
-                                      ("This player is already blocked.") +
-                                      1);
-                    if (strcmp (wisp_server_name, nick) == 0)
-                    {           // to found possible bot users that automaticaly ignores people.
-                        sprintf (output,
-                                 "Character '%s' (account: %d) has tried AGAIN to block wisps from '%s' (wisp name of the server). Bot user?",
-                                 sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id,
-                                 wisp_server_name);
-                        intif_wis_message_to_gm (wisp_server_name,
-                                                 battle_config.hack_info_GM_level,
-                                                 output, strlen (output) + 1);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-            clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
-                              "It's impossible to block this player.",
-                              strlen ("It's impossible to block this player.")
-                              + 1);
-        // we ask for allow (we remove all same nick if exist)
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (strlen (nick) >= 4 && strlen (nick) < 24)
-        {                       // do something only if nick can be exist
-            WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x0d1; // R 00d1 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
-            WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 1;
-            for (i = 0; i < (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0]));
-                 i++)
-                if (strcmp (sd->ignore[i].name, nick) == 0)
-                {
-                    memset (sd->ignore[i].name, 0,
-                            sizeof (sd->ignore[i].name));
-                    WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 0; // success
-                    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d1]);
-                    break;
-                }
-            if (i == (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0])))
-            {
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 1; // fail
-                WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d1]);
-                clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
-                                  "This player is not blocked by you.",
-                                  strlen
-                                  ("This player is not blocked by you.") + 1);
-            }
-        }
-        else
-            clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
-                              "It's impossible to unblock this player.",
-                              strlen
-                              ("It's impossible to unblock this player.") +
-                              1);
-    }
-
-//  for(i = 0; i < (sizeof(sd->ignore) / sizeof(sd->ignore[0])); i++) // for debug only
-//      if (sd->ignore[i].name[0] != '\0')
-//          printf("Ignored player: '%s'\n", sd->ignore[i].name);
-
-    return;
+    party_send_message(sd, message, RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4);
+    free(buf);
 }
 
+// 4144 wants this, but I don't like it ...
 static
-void clif_parse_PMIgnoreAll (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
+void clif_parse_PMIgnoreAll(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
 {                               // Rewritten by [Yor]
-    //printf("Ignore all: state: %d\n", RFIFOB(fd,2));
-    if (RFIFOB (fd, 2) == 0)
+    //PRINTF("Ignore all: state: %d\n", RFIFOB(fd,2));
+    if (RFIFOB(fd, 2) == 0)
     {                           // S 00d0 <type>len.B: 00 (/exall) deny all speech, 01 (/inall) allow all speech
-        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x0d2; // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
-        WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 0;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x0d2; // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
+        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 0;
         if (sd->ignoreAll == 0)
         {
             sd->ignoreAll = 1;
-            WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 0; // success
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d2]);
+            WFIFOB(fd, 3) = 0; // success
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x0d2].len);
         }
         else
         {
-            WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 1; // fail
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d2]);
-            clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
+            WFIFOB(fd, 3) = 1; // fail
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x0d2].len);
+            clif_wis_message(fd, wisp_server_name,
                               "You already block everyone.",
-                              strlen ("You already block everyone.") + 1);
+                              strlen("You already block everyone.") + 1);
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x0d2; // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
-        WFIFOB (fd, 2) = 1;
+        WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x0d2; // R 00d2 <type>.B <fail>.B: type: 0: deny, 1: allow, fail: 0: success, 1: fail
+        WFIFOB(fd, 2) = 1;
         if (sd->ignoreAll == 1)
         {
             sd->ignoreAll = 0;
-            WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 0; // success
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d2]);
+            WFIFOB(fd, 3) = 0; // success
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x0d2].len);
         }
         else
         {
-            WFIFOB (fd, 3) = 1; // fail
-            WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x0d2]);
-            clif_wis_message (fd, wisp_server_name,
+            WFIFOB(fd, 3) = 1; // fail
+            WFIFOSET(fd, clif_parse_func_table[0x0d2].len);
+            clif_wis_message(fd, wisp_server_name,
                               "You already allow everyone.",
-                              strlen ("You already allow everyone.") + 1);
+                              strlen("You already allow everyone.") + 1);
         }
     }
 
     return;
 }
 
-static
-void clif_parse_skillMessage (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{                               // Added by RoVeRT
-    int  skillid, skilllv, x, y;
-    char *mes;
-
-    skilllv = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
-    skillid = RFIFOW (fd, 4);
-
-    y = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
-    x = RFIFOB (fd, 8);
-
-    mes = (char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10);
-
-    // skill 220 = graffiti
-//  printf("skill: %d %d location: %3d %3d message: %s\n", skillid, skilllv, x, y, (char*)mes);
-}
-
-static
-int monk (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *target, int type)
-{
-//R 01d1 <Monk id>L <Target monster id>L <Bool>L
-    int  fd = sd->fd;
-    WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x1d1;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 6) = target->id;
-    WFIFOL (fd, 10) = type;
-    WFIFOSET (fd, packet_len_table[0x1d1]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スパノビ�/doridori�よるSPR2�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_sn_doridori (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (sd)
-        sd->doridori_counter = 1;
-
-    return;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スパノビ�爆裂波動
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void clif_parse_sn_explosionspirits (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (sd)
-    {
-        int  nextbaseexp = pc_nextbaseexp (sd);
-        struct pc_base_job s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-        if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        {
-            if (nextbaseexp != 0)
-                printf ("SuperNovice explosionspirits!! %d %d %d %d\n",
-                        sd->bl.id, s_class.job, sd->status.base_exp,
-                        (int) ((double) 1000 * sd->status.base_exp /
-                               nextbaseexp));
-            else
-                printf ("SuperNovice explosionspirits!! %d %d %d 000\n",
-                        sd->bl.id, s_class.job, sd->status.base_exp);
-        }
-        if (s_class.job == 23 && sd->status.base_exp > 0 && nextbaseexp > 0
-            && (int) ((double) 1000 * sd->status.base_exp / nextbaseexp) %
-            100 == 0)
-        {
-            clif_skill_nodamage (&sd->bl, &sd->bl, MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, 5, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl,
-                                       SkillStatusChangeTable
-                                       [MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS], 5, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS,
-                                                       5), 0);
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-// functions list. Rate is how many milliseconds are required between
-// calls. Packets exceeding this rate will be dropped. flood_rates in
-// map.h must be the same length as this table. rate 0 is default
-// rate -1 is unlimited
-typedef struct func_table
-{
-	void (*func)(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd);
-	int rate;
-} func_table;
-// *INDENT-OFF*
-func_table clif_parse_func_table[0x220] =
-{
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 11
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 12
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 13
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 14
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 15
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 16
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 17
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 18
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 19
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 22
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 23
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 24
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 25
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 26
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 27
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 28
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 29
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 2f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 30
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 31
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 32
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 33
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 34
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 35
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 36
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 37
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 38
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 39
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 3f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 40
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 41
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 42
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 43
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 44
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 45
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 46
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 47
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 48
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 49
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 4f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 50
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 51
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 52
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 53
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 54
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 55
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 56
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 57
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 58
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 59
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 5f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 60
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 61
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 62
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 63
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 64
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 65
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 66
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 67
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 68
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 69
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 6f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 70
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 71
-	{ clif_parse_WantToConnection,		0	},	// 72
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 73
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 74
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 75
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 76
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 77
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 78
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 79
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 7a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 7b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 7c
-	{ clif_parse_LoadEndAck,		-1	},	// 7d
-	{ clif_parse_TickSend,			0	},	// 7e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 7f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 80
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 81
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 82
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 83
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 84
-	{ clif_parse_WalkToXY,			-1	},	// 85 Walk code limits this on it's own
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 86
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 87
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 88
-	{ clif_parse_ActionRequest,		1000	},	// 89 Special case - see below
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 8a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 8b
-	{ clif_parse_GlobalMessage,		300	},	// 8c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 8d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 8e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 8f
-	{ clif_parse_NpcClicked,		500	},	// 90
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 91
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 92
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 93
-	{ clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest,	-1	},	// 94
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 95
-	{ clif_parse_Wis,			300	},	// 96
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 97
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 98
-	{ clif_parse_GMmessage,			300	},	// 99
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 9a
-	{ clif_parse_ChangeDir,			-1	},	// 9b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 9c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 9d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 9e
-	{ clif_parse_TakeItem,			400	},	// 9f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a1
-	{ clif_parse_DropItem,			50	},	// a2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a6
-	{ clif_parse_UseItem,			0	},	// a7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// a8
-	{ clif_parse_EquipItem,			-1	},	// a9 Special case - outfit window (not implemented yet - needs to allow bursts)
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// aa
-	{ clif_parse_UnequipItem,		-1	},	// ab Special case - outfit window (not implemented yet - needs to allow bursts)
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ac
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ad
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ae
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// af
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b1
-	{ clif_parse_Restart,			0	},	// b2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// b7
-	{ clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu,		0	},	// b8
-	{ clif_parse_NpcNextClicked,		-1	},	// b9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ba
-	{ clif_parse_StatusUp,			-1	},	// bb People click this very quickly
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// bc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// bd
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// be
-	{ clif_parse_Emotion,			1000	},	// bf
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c0
-	{ clif_parse_HowManyConnections,	0	},	// c1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c4
-	{ clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected,	0	},	// c5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// c7
-	{ clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend,		-1	},	// c8
-	{ clif_parse_NpcSellListSend,		-1	},	// c9 Selling multiple 1-slot items
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ca
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// cb
-	{ clif_parse_GMKick,			0	},	// cc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// cd
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ce
-	{ clif_parse_PMIgnore,			0	},	// cf
-	{ clif_parse_PMIgnoreAll,		0	},	// d0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d4
-	{ clif_parse_CreateChatRoom,		1000	},	// d5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// d8
-	{ clif_parse_ChatAddMember,		0	},	// d9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// da
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// db
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// dc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// dd
-	{ clif_parse_ChatRoomStatusChange,	0	},	// de
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// df
-	{ clif_parse_ChangeChatOwner,		0	},	// e0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// e1
-	{ clif_parse_KickFromChat,		0	},	// e2
-	{ clif_parse_ChatLeave,			0	},	// e3
-	{ clif_parse_TradeRequest,		2000	},	// e4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// e5
-	{ clif_parse_TradeAck,			0	},	// e6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// e7
-	{ clif_parse_TradeAddItem,		0	},	// e8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// e9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ea
-	{ clif_parse_TradeOk,			0	},	// eb
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ec
-	{ clif_parse_TradeCansel,		0	},	// ed
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// ee
-	{ clif_parse_TradeCommit,		0	},	// ef
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f2
-	{ clif_parse_MoveToKafra,		-1	},	// f3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f4
-	{ clif_parse_MoveFromKafra,		-1	},	// f5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f6
-	{ clif_parse_CloseKafra,		0	},	// f7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// f8
-	{ clif_parse_CreateParty,		2000	},	// f9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// fa
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// fb
-	{ clif_parse_PartyInvite,		2000	},	// fc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// fd
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// fe
-	{ clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite,		0	},	// ff
-	{ clif_parse_LeaveParty,		0	},	// 100
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 101
-	{ clif_parse_PartyChangeOption,		0	},	// 102
-	{ clif_parse_RemovePartyMember,		0	},	// 103
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 104
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 105
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 106
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 107
-	{ clif_parse_PartyMessage,		300	},	// 108
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 109
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 10f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 110
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 111
-	{ clif_parse_SkillUp,			-1	},	// 112
-	{ clif_parse_UseSkillToId,		0	},	// 113
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 114
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 115
-	{ clif_parse_UseSkillToPos,		0	},	// 116
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 117
-	{ clif_parse_StopAttack,		0	},	// 118
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 119
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 11a
-	{ clif_parse_UseSkillMap,		0	},	// 11b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 11c
-	{ clif_parse_RequestMemo,		0	},	// 11d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 11e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 11f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 120
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 121
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 122
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 123
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 124
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 125
-	{ clif_parse_PutItemToCart,		0	},	// 126
-	{ clif_parse_GetItemFromCart,		0	},	// 127
-	{ clif_parse_MoveFromKafraToCart,	0	},	// 128
-	{ clif_parse_MoveToKafraFromCart,	0	},	// 129
-	{ clif_parse_RemoveOption,		0	},	// 12a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 12b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 12c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 12d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 12e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 12f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 130
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 131
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 132
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 133
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 134
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 135
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 136
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 137
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 138
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 139
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 13a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 13b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 13c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 13d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 13e
-	{ clif_parse_GM_Monster_Item,		0	},	// 13f
-	{ clif_parse_MapMove,			0	},	// 140
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 141
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 142
-	{ clif_parse_NpcAmountInput,		300	},	// 143
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 144
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 145
-	{ clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked,		300	},	// 146
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 147
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 148
-	{ clif_parse_GMReqNoChat,		0	},	// 149
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 14a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 14b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 14c
-	{ clif_parse_GuildCheckMaster,		0	},	// 14d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 14e
-	{ clif_parse_GuildReqeustInfo,		0	},	// 14f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 150
-	{ clif_parse_GuildRequestEmblem,	0	},	// 151
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 152
-	{ clif_parse_GuildChangeEmblem,		0	},	// 153
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 154
-	{ clif_parse_GuildChangeMemberPosition,	0	},	// 155
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 156
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 157
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 158
-	{ clif_parse_GuildLeave,		0	},	// 159
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 15a
-	{ clif_parse_GuildExplusion,		0	},	// 15b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 15c
-	{ clif_parse_GuildBreak,		0	},	// 15d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 15e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 15f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 160
-	{ clif_parse_GuildChangePositionInfo,	0	},	// 161
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 162
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 163
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 164
-	{ clif_parse_CreateGuild,		0	},	// 165
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 166
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 167
-	{ clif_parse_GuildInvite,		2000	},	// 168
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 169
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 16a
-	{ clif_parse_GuildReplyInvite,		0	},	// 16b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 16c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 16d
-	{ clif_parse_GuildChangeNotice,		0	},	// 16e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 16f
-	{ clif_parse_GuildRequestAlliance,	0	},	// 170
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 171
-	{ clif_parse_GuildReplyAlliance,	0	},	// 172
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 173
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 174
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 175
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 176
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 177
-	{ clif_parse_ItemIdentify,		0	},	// 178
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 179
-	{ clif_parse_UseCard,			0	},	// 17a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 17b
-	{ clif_parse_InsertCard,		0	},	// 17c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 17d
-	{ clif_parse_GuildMessage,		300	},	// 17e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 17f
-	{ clif_parse_GuildOpposition,		0	},	// 180
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 181
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 182
-	{ clif_parse_GuildDelAlliance,		0	},	// 183
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 184
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 185
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 186
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 187
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 188
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 189
-	{ clif_parse_QuitGame,			0	},	// 18a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 18b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 18c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 18d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 18e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 18f
-	{ clif_parse_UseSkillToPos,		0	},	// 190
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 191
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 192
-	{ clif_parse_SolveCharName,		0	},	// 193
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 194
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 195
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 196
-	{ clif_parse_ResetChar,			0	},	// 197
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 198
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 199
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 19a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 19b
-	{ clif_parse_LGMmessage,		0	},	// 19c
-	{ clif_parse_GMHide,			300	},	// 19d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 19e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 19f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1a9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1aa
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ab
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ac
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ad
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ae
-	{ clif_parse_ChangeCart,		0	},	// 1af
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1b9
-	{ clif_parse_Shift,			300	},	// 1ba
-	{ clif_parse_Shift,			300	},	// 1bb
-	{ clif_parse_Recall,			300	},	// 1bc
-	{ clif_parse_Recall,			300	},	// 1bd
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1be
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1bf
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1c9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ca
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1cb
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1cc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1cd
-	{ clif_parse_AutoSpell,			0	},	// 1ce
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1cf
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d4
-	{ clif_parse_NpcStringInput,		300	},	// 1d5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1d9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1da
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1db
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1dc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1dd
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1de
-	{ clif_parse_GMReqNoChatCount,		0	},	// 1df
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e6
-	{ clif_parse_sn_doridori,		0	},	// 1e7
-	{ clif_parse_CreateParty2,		1000	},	// 1e8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1e9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ea
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1eb
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ec
-	{ clif_parse_sn_explosionspirits,	0	},	// 1ed
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ee
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ef
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f0
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f1
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f2
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f3
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f4
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f5
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f6
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f7
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f8
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1f9
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1fa
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1fb
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1fc
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1fd
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1fe
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 1ff
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 200
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 201
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 202
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 203
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 204
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 205
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 206
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 207
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 208
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 209
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 20f
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 210
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 211
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 212
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 213
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 214
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 215
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 216
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 217
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 218
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 219
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21a
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21b
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21c
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21d
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21e
-	{ NULL,					0	},	// 21f
+func_table clif_parse_func_table[0x0220] =
+{
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0000
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0001
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0002
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0003
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0004
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0005
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0006
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0007
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0008
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0009
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x000a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x000b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x000c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x000d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x000e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x000f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0010
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0011
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0012
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0013
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0014
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0015
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0016
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0017
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0018
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0019
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x001a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x001b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x001c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x001d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x001e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x001f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0020
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0021
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0022
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0023
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0024
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0025
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0026
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0027
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0028
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0029
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x002a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x002b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x002c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x002d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x002e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x002f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0030
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0031
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0032
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0033
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0034
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0035
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0036
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0037
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0038
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0039
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x003a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x003b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x003c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x003d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x003e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x003f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0040
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0041
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0042
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0043
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0044
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0045
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0046
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0047
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0048
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0049
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x004a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x004b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x004c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x004d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x004e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x004f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0050
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0051
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0052
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0053
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0054
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0055
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0056
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0057
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0058
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0059
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x005a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x005b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x005c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x005d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x005e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x005f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0060
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0061
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0062
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0063
+    {0,     55, NULL,                           },  // 0x0064
+    {0,     17, NULL,                           },  // 0x0065
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0066
+    {0,     37, NULL,                           },  // 0x0067
+    {0,     46, NULL,                           },  // 0x0068
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0069
+    {0,     23, NULL,                           },  // 0x006a
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x006b
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x006c
+    {0,     108,NULL,                           },  // 0x006d
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x006e
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x006f
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0070
+    {0,     28, NULL,                           },  // 0x0071
+    {0,     19, clif_parse_WantToConnection,    },  // 0x0072
+    {0,     11, NULL,                           },  // 0x0073
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0074
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0075
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0076
+    {0,     5,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0077
+    {0,     54, NULL,                           },  // 0x0078
+    {0,     53, NULL,                           },  // 0x0079
+    {0,     58, NULL,                           },  // 0x007a
+    {0,     60, NULL,                           },  // 0x007b
+    {0,     41, NULL,                           },  // 0x007c
+    {-1,    2,  clif_parse_LoadEndAck,          },  // 0x007d
+    {0,     6,  clif_parse_TickSend,            },  // 0x007e
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x007f
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0080
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0081
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0082
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0083
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0084
+    {-1,    5,  clif_parse_WalkToXY,            },  // 0x0085 Walk code limits this on it's own
+    {0,     16, NULL,                           },  // 0x0086
+    {0,     12, NULL,                           },  // 0x0087
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0088
+    {1000,  7,  clif_parse_ActionRequest,       },  // 0x0089 Special case - see below
+    {0,     29, NULL,                           },  // 0x008a
+    {0,     23, NULL,                           },  // 0x008b unknown... size 2 or 23?
+    {300,   VAR,clif_parse_GlobalMessage,       },  // 0x008c
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x008d
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x008e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x008f
+    {500,   7,  clif_parse_NpcClicked,          },  // 0x0090
+    {0,     22, NULL,                           },  // 0x0091
+    {0,     28, NULL,                           },  // 0x0092
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0093
+    {-1,    6,  clif_parse_GetCharNameRequest,  },  // 0x0094
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x0095
+    {300,   VAR,clif_parse_Wis,                 },  // 0x0096
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0097
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0098
+    {300,   VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0099
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x009a
+    {-1,    5,  clif_parse_ChangeDir,           },  // 0x009b
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x009c
+    {0,     17, NULL,                           },  // 0x009d
+    {0,     17, NULL,                           },  // 0x009e
+    {400,   6,  clif_parse_TakeItem,            },  // 0x009f
+    {0,     23, NULL,                           },  // 0x00a0
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00a1
+    {50,    6,  clif_parse_DropItem,            },  // 0x00a2
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00a3
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00a4
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00a5
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00a6
+    {0,     8,  clif_parse_UseItem,             },  // 0x00a7
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00a8
+    {-1,    6,  clif_parse_EquipItem,           },  // 0x00a9 Special case - outfit window (not implemented yet - needs to allow bursts)
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00aa
+    {-1,    4,  clif_parse_UnequipItem,         },  // 0x00ab Special case - outfit window (not implemented yet - needs to allow bursts)
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ac
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ad
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00ae
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00af
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00b0
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00b1
+    {0,     3,  clif_parse_Restart,             },  // 0x00b2
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00b3
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00b4
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00b5
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00b6
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00b7
+    {0,     7,  clif_parse_NpcSelectMenu,       },  // 0x00b8
+    {-1,    6,  clif_parse_NpcNextClicked,      },  // 0x00b9
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ba
+    {-1,    5,  clif_parse_StatusUp,            },  // 0x00bb People click this very quickly
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00bc
+    {0,     44, NULL,                           },  // 0x00bd
+    {0,     5,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00be
+    {1000,  3,  clif_parse_Emotion,             },  // 0x00bf
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00c0
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_HowManyConnections,  },  // 0x00c1
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00c2
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00c3
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00c4
+    {0,     7,  clif_parse_NpcBuySellSelected,  },  // 0x00c5
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00c6
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00c7
+    {-1,    VAR,clif_parse_NpcBuyListSend,      },  // 0x00c8
+    {-1,    VAR,clif_parse_NpcSellListSend,     },  // 0x00c9 Selling multiple 1-slot items
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ca
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00cb
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00cc
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00cd
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ce
+    {0,     27, NULL,                           },  // 0x00cf
+    {0,     3,  clif_parse_PMIgnoreAll,         },  // 0x00d0
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00d1
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00d2
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00d3
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00d4
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00d5
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00d6
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00d7
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00d8
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x00d9
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00da
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00db
+    {0,     28, NULL,                           },  // 0x00dc
+    {0,     29, NULL,                           },  // 0x00dd
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00de
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00df
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x00e0
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x00e1
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x00e2
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00e3
+    {2000,  6,  clif_parse_TradeRequest,        },  // 0x00e4
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x00e5
+    {0,     3,  clif_parse_TradeAck,            },  // 0x00e6
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00e7
+    {0,     8,  clif_parse_TradeAddItem,        },  // 0x00e8
+    {0,     19, NULL,                           },  // 0x00e9
+    {0,     5,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ea
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_TradeOk,             },  // 0x00eb
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ec
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_TradeCansel,         },  // 0x00ed
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00ee
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_TradeCommit,         },  // 0x00ef
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00f0
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00f1
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00f2
+    {-1,    8,  clif_parse_MoveToKafra,         },  // 0x00f3
+    {0,     21, NULL,                           },  // 0x00f4
+    {-1,    8,  clif_parse_MoveFromKafra,       },  // 0x00f5
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00f6
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_CloseKafra,          },  // 0x00f7
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00f8
+    {2000,  26, clif_parse_CreateParty,         },  // 0x00f9
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x00fa
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x00fb
+    {2000,  6,  clif_parse_PartyInvite,         },  // 0x00fc
+    {0,     27, NULL,                           },  // 0x00fd
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x00fe
+    {0,     10, clif_parse_ReplyPartyInvite,    },  // 0x00ff
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_LeaveParty,          },  // 0x0100
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0101
+    {0,     6,  clif_parse_PartyChangeOption,   },  // 0x0102
+    {0,     30, clif_parse_RemovePartyMember,   },  // 0x0103
+    {0,     79, NULL,                           },  // 0x0104
+    {0,     31, NULL,                           },  // 0x0105
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0106
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0107
+    {300,   VAR,clif_parse_PartyMessage,        },  // 0x0108
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0109
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x010a
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x010b
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x010c
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x010d
+    {0,     11, NULL,                           },  // 0x010e
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x010f
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0110
+    {0,     39, NULL,                           },  // 0x0111
+    {-1,    4,  clif_parse_SkillUp,             },  // 0x0112
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0113
+    {0,     31, NULL,                           },  // 0x0114
+    {0,     35, NULL,                           },  // 0x0115
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0116
+    {0,     18, NULL,                           },  // 0x0117
+    {0,     2,  clif_parse_StopAttack,          },  // 0x0118
+    {0,     13, NULL,                           },  // 0x0119
+    {0,     15, NULL,                           },  // 0x011a
+    {0,     20, NULL,                           },  // 0x011b
+    {0,     68, NULL,                           },  // 0x011c
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x011d
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x011e
+    {0,     16, NULL,                           },  // 0x011f
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0120
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x0121
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0122
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0123
+    {0,     21, NULL,                           },  // 0x0124
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0125
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0126
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0127
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0128
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0129
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x012a
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x012b
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x012c
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x012d
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x012e
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x012f
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0130
+    {0,     86, NULL,                           },  // 0x0131
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0132
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0133
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0134
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0135
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0136
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0137
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0138
+    {0,     16, NULL,                           },  // 0x0139
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x013a
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x013b
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x013c
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x013d
+    {0,     24, NULL,                           },  // 0x013e
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x013f
+    {0,     22, NULL,                           },  // 0x0140
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x0141
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0142
+    {300,   10, clif_parse_NpcAmountInput,      },  // 0x0143
+    {0,     23, NULL,                           },  // 0x0144
+    {0,     19, NULL,                           },  // 0x0145
+    {300,   6,  clif_parse_NpcCloseClicked,     },  // 0x0146
+    {0,     39, NULL,                           },  // 0x0147
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0148
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0149
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x014a
+    {0,     27, NULL,                           },  // 0x014b
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x014c
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x014d
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x014e
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x014f
+    {0,     110,NULL,                           },  // 0x0150
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0151
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0152
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0153
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0154
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0155
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0156
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0157
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0158
+    {0,     54, NULL,                           },  // 0x0159
+    {0,     66, NULL,                           },  // 0x015a
+    {0,     54, NULL,                           },  // 0x015b
+    {0,     90, NULL,                           },  // 0x015c
+    {0,     42, NULL,                           },  // 0x015d
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x015e
+    {0,     42, NULL,                           },  // 0x015f
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0160
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0161
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0162
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0163
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0164
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x0165
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0166
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0167
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x0168
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0169
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x016a
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x016b
+    {0,     43, NULL,                           },  // 0x016c
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x016d
+    {0,     186,NULL,                           },  // 0x016e
+    {0,     182,NULL,                           },  // 0x016f
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x0170
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x0171
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0172
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0173
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0174
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0175
+    {0,     106,NULL,                           },  // 0x0176
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0177
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0178
+    {0,     5,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0179
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x017a
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x017b
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x017c
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x017d
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x017e
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x017f
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0180
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0181
+    {0,     106,NULL,                           },  // 0x0182
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0183
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0184
+    {0,     34, NULL,                           },  // 0x0185
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0186
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0187
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0188
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0189
+    {0,     4,  clif_parse_QuitGame,            },  // 0x018a
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x018b
+    {0,     29, NULL,                           },  // 0x018c
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x018d
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x018e
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x018f
+    {0,     90, NULL,                           },  // 0x0190
+    {0,     86, NULL,                           },  // 0x0191
+    {0,     24, NULL,                           },  // 0x0192
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0193
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x0194
+    {0,     102,NULL,                           },  // 0x0195
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0196
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0197
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0198
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0199
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x019a
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x019b
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x019c
+    {300,   6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x019d
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x019e
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x019f
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01a0
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01a1
+    {0,     35, NULL,                           },  // 0x01a2
+    {0,     5,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01a3
+    {0,     11, NULL,                           },  // 0x01a4
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01a5
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01a6
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01a7
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01a8
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01a9
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x01aa
+    {0,     12, NULL,                           },  // 0x01ab
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01ac
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01ad
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01ae
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01af
+    {0,     11, NULL,                           },  // 0x01b0
+    {0,     7,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01b1
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01b2
+    {0,     67, NULL,                           },  // 0x01b3
+    {0,     12, NULL,                           },  // 0x01b4
+    {0,     18, NULL,                           },  // 0x01b5
+    {0,     114,NULL,                           },  // 0x01b6
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01b7
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01b8
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01b9
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01ba
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01bb
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01bc
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01bd
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01be
+    {0,     3,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01bf
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01c0
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x01c1
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x01c2
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01c3
+    {0,     22, NULL,                           },  // 0x01c4
+    {0,     22, NULL,                           },  // 0x01c5
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01c6
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01c7
+    {0,     13, NULL,                           },  // 0x01c8
+    {0,     97, NULL,                           },  // 0x01c9
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01ca
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01cb
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01cc
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x01cd
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01ce
+    {0,     28, NULL,                           },  // 0x01cf
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01d0
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x01d1
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x01d2
+    {0,     35, NULL,                           },  // 0x01d3
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01d4
+    {300,   VAR,clif_parse_NpcStringInput,      },  // 0x01d5 - set to -1
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01d6
+    {0,     11, NULL,                           },  // 0x01d7
+    {0,     54, NULL,                           },  // 0x01d8
+    {0,     53, NULL,                           },  // 0x01d9
+    {0,     60, NULL,                           },  // 0x01da
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01db
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01dc
+    {0,     47, NULL,                           },  // 0x01dd
+    {0,     33, NULL,                           },  // 0x01de
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01df
+    {0,     30, NULL,                           },  // 0x01e0
+    {0,     8,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01e1
+    {0,     34, NULL,                           },  // 0x01e2
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x01e3
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01e4
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01e5
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01e6
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01e7
+    {0,     28, NULL,                           },  // 0x01e8
+    {0,     81, NULL,                           },  // 0x01e9
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01ea
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x01eb
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x01ec
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01ed
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01ee
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01ef
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01f0
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01f1
+    {0,     20, NULL,                           },  // 0x01f2
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x01f3
+    {0,     32, NULL,                           },  // 0x01f4
+    {0,     9,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01f5
+    {0,     34, NULL,                           },  // 0x01f6
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x01f7
+    {0,     2,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01f8
+    {0,     6,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01f9
+    {0,     48, NULL,                           },  // 0x01fa
+    {0,     56, NULL,                           },  // 0x01fb
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x01fc
+    {0,     4,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01fd
+    {0,     5,  NULL,                           },  // 0x01fe
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x01ff
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x0200
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x0201
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x0202
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x0203
+    {0,     18, NULL,                           },  // 0x0204
+    {0,     26, NULL,                           },  // 0x0205
+    {0,     11, NULL,                           },  // 0x0206
+    {0,     34, NULL,                           },  // 0x0207
+    {0,     14, NULL,                           },  // 0x0208
+    {0,     36, NULL,                           },  // 0x0209
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x020a
+    {0,     19, NULL,                           },  // 0x020b
+    {0,     10, NULL,                           },  // 0x020c
+    {0,     VAR,NULL,                           },  // 0x020d
+    {0,     24, NULL,                           },  // 0x020e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x020f
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0210
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0211
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0212
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0213
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0214
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0215
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0216
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0217
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0218
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x0219
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x021a
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x021b
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x021c
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x021d
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x021e
+    {0,     0,  NULL,                           },  // 0x021f
 };
-// *INDENT-ON*
 
 // Checks for packet flooding
 static
 int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[fd]->session_data;
-    unsigned int rate, tick = gettick();
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
 
     // sd will not be set if the client hasn't requested
     // WantToConnection yet. Do not apply flood logic to GMs
     // as approved bots (GMlvl1) should not have to work around
     // flood logic.
-    if (!sd || pc_isGM(sd) || clif_parse_func_table[cmd].rate == -1)
-	return 0;
+    if (!sd || pc_isGM(sd) || clif_parse_func_table[cmd].rate == static_cast<interval_t>(-1))
+        return 0;
 
     // Timer has wrapped
     if (tick < sd->flood_rates[cmd])
@@ -10035,17 +5601,18 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
     }
 
     // Default rate is 100ms
-    if ((rate = clif_parse_func_table[cmd].rate) == 0)
-        rate = 100;
+    interval_t rate = clif_parse_func_table[cmd].rate;
+    if (rate == interval_t::zero())
+        rate = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
 
     // ActionRequest - attacks are allowed a faster rate than sit/stand
     if (cmd == 0x89)
     {
-        int action_type = RFIFOB (fd, 6);
+        int action_type = RFIFOB(fd, 6);
         if (action_type == 0x00 || action_type == 0x07)
-            rate = 20;
+            rate = std::chrono::milliseconds(20);
         else
-            rate = 1000;
+            rate = std::chrono::seconds(1);
     }
 
 // Restore this code when mana1.0 is released
@@ -10064,12 +5631,12 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
     // They are flooding
     if (tick < sd->flood_rates[cmd] + rate)
     {
-        time_t now = time(NULL);
+        TimeT now = TimeT::now();
 
         // If it's a nasty flood we log and possibly kick
         if (now > sd->packet_flood_reset_due)
         {
-            sd->packet_flood_reset_due = now + battle_config.packet_spam_threshold;
+            sd->packet_flood_reset_due = static_cast<time_t>(now) + battle_config.packet_spam_threshold;
             sd->packet_flood_in = 0;
         }
 
@@ -10077,7 +5644,7 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
 
         if (sd->packet_flood_in >= battle_config.packet_spam_flood)
         {
-            printf("packet flood detected from %s [0x%x]\n", sd->status.name, cmd);
+            PRINTF("packet flood detected from %s [0x%x]\n", sd->status.name, cmd);
             if (battle_config.packet_spam_kick)
             {
                 session[fd]->eof = 1; // Kick
@@ -10093,9 +5660,12 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, msg)                             \
-    printf ("clif_validate_chat(): %s (ID %d) sent a malformed" \
-            " message: %s.\n", sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id, msg)
+inline
+void WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *msg)
+{
+    PRINTF("clif_validate_chat(): %s (ID %d) sent a malformed message: %s.\n",
+            sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id, msg);
+}
 /**
  * Validate message integrity (inspired by upstream source (eAthena)).
  *
@@ -10108,8 +5678,9 @@ int clif_check_packet_flood(int fd, int cmd)
  * @param[out] message_len the length of the actual text, excluding NUL
  * @return a dynamically allocated copy of the message, or NULL upon failure
  */
-static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
-                                 char **message, size_t *message_len)
+static
+char *clif_validate_chat(struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
+        const char **message, size_t *message_len)
 {
     int fd;
     unsigned int buf_len;       /* Actual message length. */
@@ -10117,12 +5688,11 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
     unsigned int min_len;       /* Minimum message length. */
     size_t name_len;            /* Sender's name length. */
     char *buf = NULL;           /* Copy of actual message data. */
-    char *p = NULL;             /* Temporary pointer to message. */
 
     *message = NULL;
     *message_len = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(NULL, sd);
     /*
      * Don't send chat in the period between the ban and the connection's
      * closure.
@@ -10131,8 +5701,8 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
         return NULL;
 
     fd = sd->fd;
-    msg_len = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4;
-    name_len = strlen (sd->status.name);
+    msg_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4;
+    name_len = strlen(sd->status.name);
     /*
      * At least one character is required in all instances.
      * Notes for length checks:
@@ -10148,14 +5718,14 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
     /* The player just sent the header (2) and length (2) words. */
     if (!msg_len)
     {
-        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG (sd, "no message sent");
+        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "no message sent");
         return NULL;
     }
 
     /* The client sent (or claims to have sent) an empty message. */
     if (msg_len == min_len)
     {
-        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG (sd, "empty message");
+        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "empty message");
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -10163,12 +5733,12 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
     if (type == 1 && msg_len < min_len)
     {
         /* Disallow malformed messages. */
-        clif_setwaitclose (fd);
-        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG (sd, "illegal target name");
+        clif_setwaitclose(fd);
+        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "illegal target name");
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    p = (char *) ((type != 1) ? RFIFOP (fd, 4) : RFIFOP (fd, 28));
+    const char *p = static_cast<const char *>((type != 1) ? RFIFOP(fd, 4) : RFIFOP(fd, 28));
     buf_len = (type == 1) ? msg_len - min_len: msg_len;
 
     /*
@@ -10180,15 +5750,15 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
      */
     if (buf_len >= battle_config.chat_maxline)
     {
-        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG (sd, "exceeded maximum message length");
+        WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "exceeded maximum message length");
         return NULL;
     }
 
     /* We're leaving an extra eight bytes for public/global chat, 1 for NUL. */
     buf_len += (type == 2) ? 8 + 1 : 1;
 
-    buf = (char *) malloc (buf_len);
-    memcpy ((type != 2) ? buf : buf + 8, p,
+    buf = (char *) malloc(buf_len);
+    memcpy((type != 2) ? buf : buf + 8, p,
             (type != 2) ? buf_len - 1 : buf_len - 8 - 1);
     buf[buf_len - 1] = '\0';
     p = (type != 2) ? buf : buf + 8;
@@ -10201,15 +5771,15 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
     }
     else
     {
-        char *pos = NULL;
+        const char *pos = NULL;
         if (!(pos = strstr(p, " : "))
-                || strncmp (p, sd->status.name, name_len)
+                || strncmp(p, sd->status.name, name_len)
                 || pos - p != name_len)
         {
-            free (buf);
+            free(buf);
             /* Disallow malformed/spoofed messages. */
-            clif_setwaitclose (fd);
-            WARN_MALFORMED_MSG (sd, "spoofed name/invalid format");
+            clif_setwaitclose(fd);
+            WARN_MALFORMED_MSG(sd, "spoofed name/invalid format");
             return NULL;
         }
         /* Step beyond the separator. */
@@ -10226,51 +5796,50 @@ static char *clif_validate_chat (struct map_session_data *sd, int type,
  * socket.c�do_parsepacket�ら呼�出�れる
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void clif_parse (int fd)
+static
+void clif_parse(int fd)
 {
-    int  packet_len = 0, cmd = 0;
+    int packet_len = 0, cmd = 0;
     struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[fd]->session_data;
 
     if (!sd || (sd && !sd->state.auth))
     {
-        if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 2)
+        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 2)
         {                       // too small a packet disconnect
             session[fd]->eof = 1;
         }
-        if (RFIFOW (fd, 0) != 0x72)
+        if (RFIFOW(fd, 0) != 0x72)
         {                       // first packet not auth, disconnect
             session[fd]->eof = 1;
         }
     }
 
     // 接続�切れ�る��後始末
-    if (!chrif_isconnect () || session[fd]->eof)
+    if (!chrif_isconnect() || session[fd]->eof)
     {                           // char鯖�繋�����間�接続�止 (!chrif_isconnect())
         if (sd && sd->state.auth)
         {
-            pc_logout (sd);
-            clif_quitsave (fd, sd);
+            pc_logout(sd);
+            clif_quitsave(fd, sd);
             if (sd->status.name != NULL)
-                printf ("Player [%s] has logged off your server.\n", sd->status.name);  // Player logout display [Valaris]
+                PRINTF("Player [%s] has logged off your server.\n", sd->status.name);  // Player logout display [Valaris]
             else
-                printf ("Player with account [%d] has logged off your server.\n", sd->bl.id);   // Player logout display [Yor]
+                PRINTF("Player with account [%d] has logged off your server.\n", sd->bl.id);   // Player logout display [Yor]
         }
         else if (sd)
         {                       // not authentified! (refused by char-server or disconnect before to be authentified)
-            printf ("Player with account [%d] has logged off your server (not auth account).\n", sd->bl.id);    // Player logout display [Yor]
-            map_deliddb (&sd->bl);  // account_id has been included in the DB before auth answer
+            PRINTF("Player with account [%d] has logged off your server (not auth account).\n", sd->bl.id);    // Player logout display [Yor]
+            map_deliddb(&sd->bl);  // account_id has been included in the DB before auth answer
         }
         if (fd)
-            close (fd);
-        if (fd)
-            delete_session (fd);
+            delete_session(fd);
         return;
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 2)
+    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 2)
         return;               // Too small (no packet number)
 
-    cmd = RFIFOW (fd, 0);
+    cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
 
     // 管�用パケット処�
     if (cmd >= 30000)
@@ -10278,16 +5847,16 @@ static void clif_parse (int fd)
         switch (cmd)
         {
             case 0x7530:       // Athena情報所得
-                WFIFOW (fd, 0) = 0x7531;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 2) = ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 3) = ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 4) = ATHENA_REVISION;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 5) = ATHENA_RELEASE_FLAG;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 6) = ATHENA_OFFICIAL_FLAG;
-                WFIFOB (fd, 7) = ATHENA_SERVER_MAP;
-                WFIFOW (fd, 8) = ATHENA_MOD_VERSION;
-                WFIFOSET (fd, 10);
-                RFIFOSKIP (fd, 2);
+                WFIFOW(fd, 0) = 0x7531;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 2) = ATHENA_MAJOR_VERSION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 3) = ATHENA_MINOR_VERSION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 4) = ATHENA_REVISION;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 5) = ATHENA_RELEASE_FLAG;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 6) = ATHENA_OFFICIAL_FLAG;
+                WFIFOB(fd, 7) = ATHENA_SERVER_MAP;
+                WFIFOW(fd, 8) = ATHENA_MOD_VERSION;
+                WFIFOSET(fd, 10);
+                RFIFOSKIP(fd, 2);
                 break;
             case 0x7532:       // 接続�切断
                 session[fd]->eof = 1;
@@ -10299,14 +5868,14 @@ static void clif_parse (int fd)
         return;
 
     // パケット長を計算
-    packet_len = packet_len_table[cmd];
-    if (packet_len == -1)
+    packet_len = clif_parse_func_table[cmd].len;
+    if (packet_len == VAR)
     {
-        if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4)
+        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
         {
             return;           // Runt packet (variable length without a length sent)
         }
-        packet_len = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
+        packet_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
         if (packet_len < 4 || packet_len > 32768)
         {
             session[fd]->eof = 1;
@@ -10314,7 +5883,7 @@ static void clif_parse (int fd)
         }
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOREST (fd) < packet_len)
+    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < packet_len)
     {
         return;               // Runt packet (sent legnth is too small)
     }
@@ -10332,7 +5901,7 @@ static void clif_parse (int fd)
             return;
         }
 
-        clif_parse_func_table[cmd].func (fd, sd);
+        clif_parse_func_table[cmd].func(fd, sd);
     }
     else
     {
@@ -10340,78 +5909,76 @@ static void clif_parse (int fd)
         if (battle_config.error_log)
         {
             if (fd)
-                printf ("\nclif_parse: session #%d, packet 0x%x, lenght %d\n",
+                PRINTF("\nclif_parse: session #%d, packet 0x%x, lenght %d\n",
                         fd, cmd, packet_len);
 #ifdef DUMP_UNKNOWN_PACKET
             {
-                int  i;
+                int i;
                 FILE *fp;
                 char packet_txt[256] = "save/packet.txt";
-                time_t now;
-                printf
-                    ("---- 00-01-02-03-04-05-06-07-08-09-0A-0B-0C-0D-0E-0F");
+                PRINTF("---- 00-01-02-03-04-05-06-07-08-09-0A-0B-0C-0D-0E-0F");
                 for (i = 0; i < packet_len; i++)
                 {
                     if ((i & 15) == 0)
-                        printf ("\n%04X ", i);
-                    printf ("%02X ", RFIFOB (fd, i));
+                        PRINTF("\n%04X ", i);
+                    PRINTF("%02X ", RFIFOB(fd, i));
                 }
                 if (sd && sd->state.auth)
                 {
                     if (sd->status.name != NULL)
-                        printf
-                            ("\nAccount ID %d, character ID %d, player name %s.\n",
+                        PRINTF("\nAccount ID %d, character ID %d, player name %s.\n",
                              sd->status.account_id, sd->status.char_id,
                              sd->status.name);
                     else
-                        printf ("\nAccount ID %d.\n", sd->bl.id);
+                        PRINTF("\nAccount ID %d.\n", sd->bl.id);
                 }
                 else if (sd)    // not authentified! (refused by char-server or disconnect before to be authentified)
-                    printf ("\nAccount ID %d.\n", sd->bl.id);
+                    PRINTF("\nAccount ID %d.\n", sd->bl.id);
 
-                if ((fp = fopen_ (packet_txt, "a")) == NULL)
+                if ((fp = fopen_(packet_txt, "a")) == NULL)
                 {
-                    printf ("clif.c: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
+                    PRINTF("clif.c: cant write [%s] !!! data is lost !!!\n",
                             packet_txt);
                     return;
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    time (&now);
+                    timestamp_seconds_buffer now;
+                    stamp_time(now);
                     if (sd && sd->state.auth)
                     {
                         if (sd->status.name != NULL)
-                            fprintf (fp,
-                                     "%sPlayer with account ID %d (character ID %d, player name %s) sent wrong packet:\n",
-                                     asctime (gmtime (&now)),
-                                     sd->status.account_id,
-                                     sd->status.char_id, sd->status.name);
+                            FPRINTF(fp,
+                                    "%s\nPlayer with account ID %d (character ID %d, player name %s) sent wrong packet:\n",
+                                    now,
+                                    sd->status.account_id,
+                                    sd->status.char_id, sd->status.name);
                         else
-                            fprintf (fp,
-                                     "%sPlayer with account ID %d sent wrong packet:\n",
-                                     asctime (gmtime (&now)), sd->bl.id);
+                            FPRINTF(fp,
+                                    "%s\nPlayer with account ID %d sent wrong packet:\n",
+                                    now, sd->bl.id);
                     }
                     else if (sd)    // not authentified! (refused by char-server or disconnect before to be authentified)
-                        fprintf (fp,
-                                 "%sPlayer with account ID %d sent wrong packet:\n",
-                                 asctime (gmtime (&now)), sd->bl.id);
+                        FPRINTF(fp,
+                                "%s\nPlayer with account ID %d sent wrong packet:\n",
+                                now, sd->bl.id);
 
-                    fprintf (fp,
+                    FPRINTF(fp,
                              "\t---- 00-01-02-03-04-05-06-07-08-09-0A-0B-0C-0D-0E-0F");
                     for (i = 0; i < packet_len; i++)
                     {
                         if ((i & 15) == 0)
-                            fprintf (fp, "\n\t%04X ", i);
-                        fprintf (fp, "%02X ", RFIFOB (fd, i));
+                            FPRINTF(fp, "\n\t%04X ", i);
+                        FPRINTF(fp, "%02X ", RFIFOB(fd, i));
                     }
-                    fprintf (fp, "\n\n");
-                    fclose_ (fp);
+                    FPRINTF(fp, "\n\n");
+                    fclose_(fp);
                 }
             }
 #endif
         }
     }
-    RFIFOSKIP (fd, packet_len);
+    RFIFOSKIP(fd, packet_len);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -10420,24 +5987,8 @@ static void clif_parse (int fd)
  */
 int do_init_clif (void)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    set_defaultparse (clif_parse);
-    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    {
-        if (make_listen_port (map_port))
-            break;
-#ifdef LCCWIN32
-        Sleep (20000);
-#else
-        sleep (20);
-#endif
-    }
-    if (i == 10)
-    {
-        printf ("cant bind game port\n");
-        exit (1);
-    }
+    set_defaultparse(clif_parse);
+    make_listen_port(map_port);
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/clif.hpp b/src/map/clif.hpp
index 01f6a50..df0a48b 100644
--- a/src/map/clif.hpp
+++ b/src/map/clif.hpp
@@ -1,280 +1,164 @@
-// $Id: clif.h,v 1.4 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef CLIF_HPP
 #define CLIF_HPP
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-
-#include "map.hpp"
-
-void clif_setip (const char *);
-void clif_setport (int);
-
-struct in_addr clif_getip (void);
-int  clif_getport (void);
-int  clif_countusers (void);
-void clif_setwaitclose (int);
-
-int  clif_authok (struct map_session_data *);
-int  clif_authfail_fd (int, int);
-int  clif_charselectok (int);
-int  clif_dropflooritem (struct flooritem_data *);
-int  clif_clearflooritem (struct flooritem_data *, int);
-int  clif_clearchar (struct block_list *, int); // area or fd
-int  clif_clearchar_delay (unsigned int, struct block_list *, int);
-#define clif_clearchar_area(bl,type) clif_clearchar(bl,type)
-int  clif_clearchar_id (int, int, int);
-int  clif_spawnpc (struct map_session_data *);  //area
-int  clif_spawnnpc (struct npc_data *); // area
-int  clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                     int fake_npc_id);
-int  clif_spawnmob (struct mob_data *); // area
-int  clif_walkok (struct map_session_data *);   // self
-int  clif_movechar (struct map_session_data *); // area
-int  clif_movemob (struct mob_data *);  //area
-int  clif_changemap (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int);  //self
-int  clif_changemapserver (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int, struct in_addr, int);  //self
-int  clif_fixpos (struct block_list *); // area
-int  clif_fixmobpos (struct mob_data *md);
-int  clif_fixpcpos (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_npcbuysell (struct map_session_data *, int);  //self
-int  clif_buylist (struct map_session_data *, struct npc_data *);   //self
-int  clif_selllist (struct map_session_data *); //self
-int  clif_scriptmes (struct map_session_data *, int, const char *);   //self
-int  clif_scriptnext (struct map_session_data *, int);  //self
-int  clif_scriptclose (struct map_session_data *, int); //self
-int  clif_scriptmenu (struct map_session_data *, int, const char *);  //self
-int  clif_scriptinput (struct map_session_data *, int); //self
-int  clif_scriptinputstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid);  // self
-int  clif_cutin (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);   //self
-int  clif_viewpoint (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int, int, int, int);  //self
-int  clif_additem (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);   //self
-int  clif_delitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);    //self
-int  clif_updatestatus (struct map_session_data *, int);    //self
-int  clif_changestatus (struct block_list *, int, int); //area
-int  clif_damage (struct block_list *, struct block_list *, unsigned int, int, int, int, int, int, int);    // area
-#define clif_takeitem(src,dst) clif_damage(src,dst,0,0,0,0,0,1,0)
-int  clif_changelook (struct block_list *, int, int);   // area
-int  clif_changelook_towards (struct block_list *, int, int, struct map_session_data *dst); // area or target
-void clif_changelook_accessories (struct block_list *bl, struct map_session_data *dst); // area or target; list gloves, boots etc.
-int  clif_arrowequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int val);    //self
-int  clif_arrow_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);   //self
-int  clif_statusupack (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);   // self
-int  clif_equipitemack (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);  // self
-int  clif_unequipitemack (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);    // self
-int  clif_misceffect (struct block_list *, int);    // area
-int  clif_changeoption (struct block_list *);   // area
-int  clif_useitemack (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);    // self
-
-int  clif_createchat (struct map_session_data *, int);  // self
-int  clif_dispchat (struct chat_data *, int);   // area or fd
-int  clif_joinchatfail (struct map_session_data *, int);    // self
-int  clif_joinchatok (struct map_session_data *, struct chat_data *);   // self
-int  clif_addchat (struct chat_data *, struct map_session_data *);  // chat
-int  clif_changechatowner (struct chat_data *, struct map_session_data *);  // chat
-int  clif_clearchat (struct chat_data *, int);  // area or fd
-int  clif_leavechat (struct chat_data *, struct map_session_data *);    // chat
-int  clif_changechatstatus (struct chat_data *);    // chat
-
-void clif_emotion (struct block_list *bl, int type);
-void clif_talkiebox (struct block_list *bl, const char *talkie);
-void clif_wedding_effect (struct block_list *bl);
-void clif_sitting (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd);
-//void clif_callpartner(struct map_session_data *sd);
-//void clif_sitting(struct map_session_data *sd);
-void clif_soundeffect (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl,
-                       const char *name, int type);
+#include "clif.t.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "../common/const_array.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.t.hpp"
+
+#include "battle.t.hpp"
+#include "map.t.hpp"
+#include "pc.t.hpp"
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
+
+void clif_setip(const char *);
+void clif_setport(int);
+
+struct in_addr clif_getip(void);
+int clif_getport(void);
+int clif_countusers(void);
+void clif_setwaitclose(int);
+
+int clif_authok(struct map_session_data *);
+int clif_authfail_fd(int, int);
+int clif_charselectok(int);
+int clif_dropflooritem(struct flooritem_data *);
+int clif_clearflooritem(struct flooritem_data *, int);
+int clif_clearchar(struct block_list *, BeingRemoveWhy); // area or fd
+int clif_clearchar_delay(tick_t, struct block_list *, BeingRemoveWhy);
+int clif_clearchar_id(int, BeingRemoveWhy, int);
+int clif_spawnpc(struct map_session_data *);  //area
+int clif_spawnnpc(struct npc_data *); // area
+int clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        int fake_npc_id);
+int clif_spawnmob(struct mob_data *); // area
+int clif_walkok(struct map_session_data *);   // self
+int clif_movechar(struct map_session_data *); // area
+int clif_movemob(struct mob_data *);  //area
+int clif_changemap(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int);  //self
+int clif_changemapserver(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int, struct in_addr, int);  //self
+int clif_fixpos(struct block_list *); // area
+int clif_fixmobpos(struct mob_data *md);
+int clif_fixpcpos(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int clif_npcbuysell(struct map_session_data *, int);  //self
+int clif_buylist(struct map_session_data *, struct npc_data *);   //self
+int clif_selllist(struct map_session_data *); //self
+int clif_scriptmes(struct map_session_data *, int, const char *);   //self
+int clif_scriptnext(struct map_session_data *, int);  //self
+int clif_scriptclose(struct map_session_data *, int); //self
+int clif_scriptmenu(struct map_session_data *, int, const char *);  //self
+int clif_scriptinput(struct map_session_data *, int); //self
+int clif_scriptinputstr(struct map_session_data *sd, int npcid);  // self
+int clif_cutin(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);   //self
+int clif_viewpoint(struct map_session_data *, int, int, int, int, int, int);  //self
+int clif_additem(struct map_session_data *, int, int, PickupFail);   //self
+int clif_delitem(struct map_session_data *, int, int);    //self
+int clif_updatestatus(struct map_session_data *, SP);    //self
+int clif_damage(struct block_list *, struct block_list *,
+        tick_t, interval_t, interval_t,
+        int, int, DamageType, int);    // area
+inline
+int clif_takeitem(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst)
+{
+    return clif_damage(src, dst, tick_t(), interval_t::zero(), interval_t::zero(), 0, 0, DamageType::TAKEITEM, 0);
+}
+int clif_changelook(struct block_list *, LOOK, int);   // area
+void clif_changelook_accessories(struct block_list *bl, struct map_session_data *dst); // area or target; list gloves, boots etc.
+int clif_arrowequip(struct map_session_data *sd, int val);    //self
+int clif_arrow_fail(struct map_session_data *sd, int type);   //self
+int clif_statusupack(struct map_session_data *, SP, int, int);   // self
+int clif_equipitemack(struct map_session_data *, int, EPOS, int);  // self
+int clif_unequipitemack(struct map_session_data *, int, EPOS, int);    // self
+int clif_misceffect(struct block_list *, int);    // area
+int clif_changeoption(struct block_list *);   // area
+int clif_useitemack(struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);    // self
+
+void clif_emotion(struct block_list *bl, int type);
+void clif_sitting(int fd, struct map_session_data *sd);
 
 // trade
-int  clif_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
-int  clif_tradestart (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-int  clif_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        struct map_session_data *tsd, int index, int amount);
-int  clif_tradeitemok (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
-                       int fail);
-int  clif_tradedeal_lock (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail);
-int  clif_tradecancelled (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_tradecompleted (struct map_session_data *sd, int fail);
+int clif_traderequest(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
+int clif_tradestart(struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
+int clif_tradeadditem(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        struct map_session_data *tsd, int index, int amount);
+int clif_tradeitemok(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount,
+        int fail);
+int clif_tradedeal_lock(struct map_session_data *sd, int fail);
+int clif_tradecancelled(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int clif_tradecompleted(struct map_session_data *sd, int fail);
 
 // storage
-#include "storage.hpp"
-int  clif_storageitemlist (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor);
-int  clif_storageequiplist (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            struct storage *stor);
-int  clif_updatestorageamount (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                               struct storage *stor);
-int  clif_storageitemadded (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
-                            int index, int amount);
-int  clif_storageitemremoved (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                              int amount);
-int  clif_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_guildstorageitemlist (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                struct guild_storage *stor);
-int  clif_guildstorageequiplist (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                 struct guild_storage *stor);
-int  clif_updateguildstorageamount (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                    struct guild_storage *stor);
-int  clif_guildstorageitemadded (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                                 struct guild_storage *stor, int index,
-                                 int amount);
-
-int  clif_pcinsight (struct block_list *, va_list); // map_forallinmovearea callback
-int  clif_pcoutsight (struct block_list *, va_list);    // map_forallinmovearea callback
-int  clif_mobinsight (struct block_list *, va_list);    // map_forallinmovearea callback
-int  clif_moboutsight (struct block_list *, va_list);   // map_forallinmovearea callback
-
-int  clif_npc_class_change (struct block_list *bl, int npc_class, int type);
-int  clif_mob_class_change (struct mob_data *md, int mob_class);
-int  clif_mob_equip (struct mob_data *md, int nameid);  // [Valaris]
-
-int  clif_skillinfo (struct map_session_data *sd, int skillid, int type,
-                     int range);
-int  clif_skillinfoblock (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num);
-
-int  clif_skillcasting (struct block_list *bl,
-                        int src_id, int dst_id, int dst_x, int dst_y,
-                        int skill_num, int casttime);
-int  clif_skillcastcancel (struct block_list *bl);
-int  clif_skill_fail (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id, int type,
-                      int btype);
-int  clif_skill_damage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                        unsigned int tick, int sdelay, int ddelay, int damage,
-                        int div, int skill_id, int skill_lv, int type);
-int  clif_skill_damage2 (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                         unsigned int tick, int sdelay, int ddelay,
-                         int damage, int div, int skill_id, int skill_lv,
-                         int type);
-int  clif_skill_nodamage (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                          int skill_id, int heal, int fail);
-int  clif_skill_poseffect (struct block_list *src, int skill_id, int val,
-                           int x, int y, int tick);
-int  clif_skill_estimation (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            struct block_list *dst);
-int  clif_skill_warppoint (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num,
-                           const char *map1, const char *map2,
-                           const char *map3, const char *map4);
-int  clif_skill_memo (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  clif_skill_teleportmessage (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-
-int  clif_produceeffect (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag, int nameid);
-
-int  clif_skill_setunit (struct skill_unit *unit);
-int  clif_skill_delunit (struct skill_unit *unit);
-
-int  clif_01ac (struct block_list *bl);
-
-int  clif_autospell (struct map_session_data *sd, int skilllv);
-int  clif_devotion (struct map_session_data *sd, int target);
-int  clif_spiritball (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_combo_delay (struct block_list *src, int wait);
-int  clif_bladestop (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
-                     int boolean);
-int  clif_changemapcell (int m, int x, int y, int cell_type, int type);
-
-int  clif_status_change (struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag);
-
-int  clif_wis_message (int fd, const char *nick, const char *mes, int mes_len);
-int  clif_wis_end (int fd, int flag);
-
-int  clif_solved_charname (struct map_session_data *sd, int char_id);
-
-int  clif_use_card (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx);
-int  clif_insert_card (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx_equip,
-                       int idx_card, int flag);
-
-int  clif_itemlist (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_equiplist (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  clif_cart_additem (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);
-int  clif_cart_delitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  clif_cart_itemlist (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_cart_equiplist (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  clif_item_identify_list (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_item_identified (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int flag);
-int  clif_item_repair_list (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  clif_item_skill (struct map_session_data *sd, int skillid, int skilllv,
-                      const char *name);
-
-int  clif_mvp_effect (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_mvp_item (struct map_session_data *sd, int nameid);
-int  clif_mvp_exp (struct map_session_data *sd, int exp);
-
-int  clif_movetoattack (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl);
+int clif_storageitemlist(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor);
+int clif_storageequiplist(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        struct storage *stor);
+int clif_updatestorageamount(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        struct storage *stor);
+int clif_storageitemadded(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
+        int index, int amount);
+int clif_storageitemremoved(struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
+        int amount);
+int clif_storageclose(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+// map_forallinmovearea callbacks
+void clif_pcinsight(struct block_list *, struct map_session_data *);
+void clif_pcoutsight(struct block_list *, struct map_session_data *);
+void clif_mobinsight(struct block_list *, struct mob_data *);
+void clif_moboutsight(struct block_list *, struct mob_data *);
+
+int clif_skillinfo(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skillid, int type,
+        int range);
+int clif_skillinfoblock(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int clif_skillup(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_num);
+
+int clif_skillcastcancel(struct block_list *bl);
+int clif_skill_fail(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id, int type,
+        int btype);
+int clif_skill_damage(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *dst,
+        tick_t tick, interval_t sdelay, interval_t ddelay, int damage,
+        int div, SkillID skill_id, int skill_lv, int type);
+
+int clif_status_change(struct block_list *bl,
+        StatusChange type, int flag);
+
+int clif_wis_message(int fd, const char *nick, const char *mes, int mes_len);
+int clif_wis_end(int fd, int flag);
+
+int clif_itemlist(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int clif_equiplist(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int clif_mvp_effect(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int clif_movetoattack(struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl);
 
 // party
-int  clif_party_created (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  clif_party_info (struct party *p, int fd);
-int  clif_party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        struct map_session_data *tsd);
-int  clif_party_inviteack (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, int flag);
-int  clif_party_option (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        int flag);
-int  clif_party_leaved (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                        int account_id, const char *name, int flag);
-int  clif_party_message (struct party *p, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
-int  clif_party_move (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
-                      int online);
-int  clif_party_xy (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_party_hp (struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-// guild
-int  clif_guild_created (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  clif_guild_belonginfo (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g);
-int  clif_guild_basicinfo (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_guild_allianceinfo (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_guild_memberlist (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_guild_skillinfo (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  clif_guild_memberlogin_notice (struct guild *g, int idx, int flag);
-int  clif_guild_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g);
-int  clif_guild_inviteack (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  clif_guild_leave (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name,
-                       const char *mes);
-int  clif_guild_explusion (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name,
-                           const char *mes, int account_id);
-int  clif_guild_positionchanged (struct guild *g, int idx);
-int  clif_guild_memberpositionchanged (struct guild *g, int idx);
-int  clif_guild_emblem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g);
-int  clif_guild_notice (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g);
-int  clif_guild_message (struct guild *g, int account_id, const char *mes,
-                         int len);
-int  clif_guild_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num, int lv);
-int  clif_guild_reqalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                             const char *name);
-int  clif_guild_allianceack (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  clif_guild_delalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                             int flag);
-int  clif_guild_oppositionack (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  clif_guild_broken (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
+int clif_party_created(struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
+int clif_party_info(struct party *p, int fd);
+int clif_party_invite(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        struct map_session_data *tsd);
+int clif_party_inviteack(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, int flag);
+int clif_party_option(struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
+        int flag);
+int clif_party_leaved(struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd,
+        int account_id, const char *name, int flag);
+int clif_party_message(struct party *p, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
+int clif_party_xy(struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd);
+int clif_party_hp(struct party *p, struct map_session_data *sd);
 
 // atcommand
-int  clif_displaymessage (int fd, const char *mes);
-int  clif_disp_onlyself (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len);
-int  clif_GMmessage (struct block_list *bl, const char *mes, int len, int flag);
-int  clif_heal (int fd, int type, int val);
-int  clif_resurrection (struct block_list *bl, int type);
-int  clif_set0199 (int fd, int type);
-int  clif_pvpset (struct map_session_data *sd, int pvprank, int pvpnum,
-                  int type);
-int  clif_send0199 (int map, int type);
-int  clif_refine (int fd, struct map_session_data *sd, int fail, int index,
-                  int val);
+void clif_displaymessage(int fd, const_string mes);
+void clif_GMmessage(struct block_list *bl, const_string mes, int flag);
+int clif_resurrection(struct block_list *bl, int type);
 
-int  clif_specialeffect (struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag);    // special effects [Valaris]
-int  clif_message (struct block_list *bl, const char *msg);   // messages (from mobs/npcs) [Valaris]
+int clif_specialeffect(struct block_list *bl, int type, int flag);    // special effects [Valaris]
+int clif_message(struct block_list *bl, const char *msg);   // messages (from mobs/npcs) [Valaris]
 
-int  clif_GM_kickack (struct map_session_data *sd, int id);
-int  clif_GM_kick (struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *tsd,
-                   int type);
+int clif_GM_kick(struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *tsd,
+        int type);
 
-int  clif_foreachclient (int (*)(struct map_session_data *, va_list), ...);
+int clif_foreachclient(std::function<void(struct map_session_data *)>);
 
-int  do_final_clif (void);
-int  do_init_clif (void);
+int do_init_clif (void);
 
-#endif
+#endif // CLIF_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/clif.t.hpp b/src/map/clif.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38394e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/clif.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef CLIF_T_HPP
+#define CLIF_T_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+enum class BeingRemoveWhy : uint8_t
+{
+    // general disappearance
+    GONE = 0,
+    // only case handled specially in client
+    DEAD = 1,
+    QUIT = 2,
+    WARPED = 3,
+    // handled specially in clif_clearchar - sent as 0 over network
+    DISGUISE = 9,
+
+    // handled speciall in mob_warp - not actually sent over network
+    NEGATIVE1 = 0xff,
+};
+
+#endif // CLIF_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/grfio.cpp b/src/map/grfio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a190d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/grfio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Reads .gat files by name-mapping .wlk files
+#include "grfio.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <map>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/extract.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+static
+std::map<std::string, std::string> load_resnametable()
+{
+    std::ifstream in("data/resnametable.txt");
+    if (!in.is_open())
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Missing data/resnametable.txt");
+        abort();
+    }
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> out;
+
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
+    {
+        std::string key, value;
+        if (!extract(line,
+                    record<'#'>(&key, &value)))
+            continue;
+        out[key] = value;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+/// Change *.gat to *.wlk
+static
+std::string grfio_resnametable(const_string rname)
+{
+    static
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> resnametable = load_resnametable();
+
+    return resnametable.at(std::string(rname.begin(), rname.end()));
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> grfio_reads(const_string rname)
+{
+    std::string lfname = "data/" + grfio_resnametable(rname);
+
+    int fd = open(lfname.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd == -1)
+    {
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "Resource %s (file %s) not found\n",
+                std::string(rname.begin(), rname.end()), lfname);
+        return {};
+    }
+    off_t len = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    assert (len != -1);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(len);
+    int err = pread(fd, buffer.data(), len, 0);
+    assert (err == len);
+    close(fd);
+    return buffer;
+}
diff --git a/src/map/grfio.hpp b/src/map/grfio.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd7b871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/grfio.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#ifndef GRFIO_HPP
+#define GRFIO_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "../common/const_array.hpp"
+
+/// Load a resource into memory, subject to data/resnametable.txt.
+/// Normally, resourcename is xxx-y.gat and the file is xxx-y.wlk.
+/// Currently there is exactly one .wlk per .gat, but multiples are fine.
+std::vector<uint8_t> grfio_reads(const_string resourcename);
+
+#endif // GRFIO_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/guild.cpp b/src/map/guild.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index eba856d..0000000
--- a/src/map/guild.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1922 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: guild.c,v 1.5 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "guild.hpp"
-#include "storage.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "battle.hpp"
-#include "npc.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
-#include "clif.hpp"
-#include "tmw.hpp"
-
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-static struct dbt *guild_db;
-static struct dbt *castle_db;
-static struct dbt *guild_expcache_db;
-static struct dbt *guild_infoevent_db;
-static struct dbt *guild_castleinfoevent_db;
-
-struct eventlist
-{
-    char name[50];
-    struct eventlist *next;
-};
-
-// ギルド�EXPキャッシュ�フラッシュ�関連�る定数
-#define GUILD_PAYEXP_INVERVAL 10000 // 間隔(キャッシュ�最大生存時間�ミリ秒)
-#define GUILD_PAYEXP_LIST 8192  // キャッシュ�最大数
-
-// ギルド�EXPキャッシュ
-struct guild_expcache
-{
-    int  guild_id, account_id, char_id, exp;
-};
-
-// ギルドスキルdb�アクセサ（今�直打��代用）
-int guild_skill_get_inf (int id)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_skill_get_sp (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_skill_get_range (int id)
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_skill_get_max (int id)
-{
-    return (id == 10004) ? 10 : 1;
-}
-
-// ギルドスキル��る�確�
-int guild_checkskill (struct guild *g, int id)
-{
-    return g->skill[id - 10000].lv;
-}
-
-void guild_payexp_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data);
-void guild_gvg_eliminate_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data);
-
-static int guild_read_castledb (void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024];
-    int  j, ln = 0;
-    char *str[32], *p;
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-
-    if ((fp = fopen_ ("db/castle_db.txt", "r")) == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/castle_db.txt\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
-        CREATE (gc, struct guild_castle, 1);
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 6 && p; j++)
-        {
-            str[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-
-        gc->guild_id = 0;       // <Agit> Clear Data for Initialize
-        gc->economy = 0;
-        gc->defense = 0;
-        gc->triggerE = 0;
-        gc->triggerD = 0;
-        gc->nextTime = 0;
-        gc->payTime = 0;
-        gc->createTime = 0;
-        gc->visibleC = 0;
-        gc->visibleG0 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG1 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG2 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG3 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG4 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG5 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG6 = 0;
-        gc->visibleG7 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp0 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp1 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp2 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp3 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp4 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp5 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp6 = 0;
-        gc->Ghp7 = 0;           // guardian HP [Valaris]
-
-        gc->castle_id = atoi (str[0]);
-        memcpy (gc->map_name, str[1], 24);
-        memcpy (gc->castle_name, str[2], 24);
-        memcpy (gc->castle_event, str[3], 24);
-
-        numdb_insert (castle_db, gc->castle_id, gc);
-
-        //intif_guild_castle_info(gc->castle_id);
-
-        ln++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/castle_db.txt done (count=%d)\n", ln);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// �期化
-void do_init_guild (void)
-{
-    guild_db = numdb_init ();
-    castle_db = numdb_init ();
-    guild_expcache_db = numdb_init ();
-    guild_infoevent_db = numdb_init ();
-    guild_castleinfoevent_db = numdb_init ();
-
-    guild_read_castledb ();
-
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + GUILD_PAYEXP_INVERVAL,
-                        guild_payexp_timer, 0, 0, GUILD_PAYEXP_INVERVAL);
-}
-
-// 検索
-struct guild *guild_search (int guild_id)
-{
-    return (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id);
-}
-
-static
-void guild_searchname_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *) data, **dst;
-    char *str;
-    str = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    dst = va_arg (ap, struct guild **);
-    if (strcasecmp (g->name, str) == 0)
-        *dst = g;
-}
-
-// ギルド�検索
-struct guild *guild_searchname (const char *str)
-{
-    struct guild *g = NULL;
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, guild_searchname_sub, str, &g);
-    return g;
-}
-
-struct guild_castle *guild_castle_search (int gcid)
-{
-    return (struct guild_castle *)numdb_search (castle_db, gcid);
-}
-
-// mapname�対応��アジト�gcを返�
-struct guild_castle *guild_mapname2gc (const char *mapname)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct guild_castle *gc = NULL;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-    {
-        gc = guild_castle_search (i);
-        if (!gc)
-            continue;
-        if (strcmp (gc->map_name, mapname) == 0)
-            return gc;
-    }
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-// ログイン中�ギルドメン�ー�１人�sdを返�
-struct map_session_data *guild_getavailablesd (struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, g);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-        if (g->member[i].sd != NULL)
-            return g->member[i].sd;
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�ー�インデックスを返�
-int guild_getindex (struct guild *g, int account_id, int char_id)
-{
-    int  i;
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-            return i;
-    return -1;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�ー�役�を返�
-int guild_getposition (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
-
-    if (g == NULL && (g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == sd->status.account_id)
-            return g->member[i].position;
-    return -1;
-}
-
-// メン�ー情報�作�
-static
-void guild_makemember (struct guild_member *m, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    memset (m, 0, sizeof (struct guild_member));
-    m->account_id = sd->status.account_id;
-    m->char_id = 0;
-    m->hair = sd->status.hair;
-    m->hair_color = sd->status.hair_color;
-    m->gender = sd->sex;
-    m->pc_class = sd->status.pc_class;
-    m->lv = sd->status.base_level;
-    m->exp = 0;
-    m->exp_payper = 0;
-    m->online = 1;
-    m->position = MAX_GUILDPOSITION - 1;
-    memcpy (m->name, sd->status.name, 24);
-    return;
-}
-
-// ギルド競�確�
-static
-int guild_check_conflict (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    intif_guild_checkconflict (sd->status.guild_id,
-                               sd->status.account_id, 0 /*char_id*/);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�EXPキャッシュをinter鯖�フラッシュ�る
-static
-void guild_payexp_timer_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    int  i, *dellist, *delp, dataid = key.i;
-    struct guild_expcache *c;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retv (ap);
-    nullpo_retv (c = (struct guild_expcache *) data);
-    nullpo_retv (dellist = va_arg (ap, int *));
-    nullpo_retv (delp = va_arg (ap, int *));
-
-    if (*delp >= GUILD_PAYEXP_LIST
-        || (g = guild_search (c->guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return;
-    if ((i = guild_getindex (g, c->account_id, 0 /*c->char_id*/)) < 0)
-        return;
-
-    g->member[i].exp += c->exp;
-    intif_guild_change_memberinfo (g->guild_id, c->account_id, 0 /*char_id*/,
-                                   GMI_EXP, &g->member[i].exp,
-                                   sizeof (g->member[i].exp));
-    c->exp = 0;
-
-    dellist[(*delp)++] = dataid;
-    free (c);
-}
-
-void guild_payexp_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    int  dellist[GUILD_PAYEXP_LIST], delp = 0, i;
-    numdb_foreach (guild_expcache_db, guild_payexp_timer_sub, dellist, &delp);
-    for (i = 0; i < delp; i++)
-        numdb_erase (guild_expcache_db, dellist[i]);
-//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("guild exp %d charactor's exp flushed !\n",delp);
-}
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/* Process a guild creation request. */
-int guild_create (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
-{
-    char pname[24];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    strncpy (pname, name, 24);
-    pname[23] = '\0';
-    tmw_TrimStr (pname);
-
-    /* The guild name is empty/invalid. */
-    if (!*pname)
-        clif_guild_created (sd, 2);
-
-    /* Make sure the character isn't already in a guild. */
-    if (sd->status.guild_id == 0)
-    {
-        /*
-         * A special item is required to create a guild. This is specified
-         * in battle_athena.conf as guild_emperium_check. This item will
-         * be removed from the player's inventory when used to create a
-         * guild.
-         */
-        if (!battle_config.guild_emperium_check
-            || pc_search_inventory (sd,
-                                    battle_config.guild_emperium_check) >= 0)
-        {
-            struct guild_member m;
-            guild_makemember (&m, sd);
-            m.position = 0;
-            intif_guild_create (pname, &m);
-        }
-        else
-            clif_guild_created (sd, 3);
-    }
-    else
-        clif_guild_created (sd, 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* Relay the result of a guild creation request. */
-int guild_created (int account_id, int guild_id)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-
-    if (!sd)
-        return 0;
-
-    /* The guild name is valid and not already taken. */
-    if (guild_id > 0)
-    {
-        struct guild *g;
-        sd->status.guild_id = guild_id;
-        sd->guild_sended = 0;
-
-        if ((g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, guild_id)) != NULL)
-        {
-            printf ("guild_created(): ID already exists!\n");
-            exit (1);
-        }
-
-        /* The guild was created successfully. */
-        clif_guild_created (sd, 0);
-
-        if (battle_config.guild_emperium_check)
-            pc_delitem (sd,
-                        pc_search_inventory (sd,
-                                             battle_config.
-                                             guild_emperium_check), 1, 0);
-    }
-    else
-        clif_guild_created (sd, 2);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// 情報�求
-int guild_request_info (int guild_id)
-{
-//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("guild_request_info\n");
-    return intif_guild_request_info (guild_id);
-}
-
-// イベント付�情報�求
-int guild_npc_request_info (int guild_id, const char *event)
-{
-    struct eventlist *ev;
-
-    if (guild_search (guild_id))
-    {
-        if (event && *event)
-            npc_event_do (event);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (event == NULL || *event == 0)
-        return guild_request_info (guild_id);
-
-    CREATE (ev, struct eventlist, 1);
-    memcpy (ev->name, event, sizeof (ev->name));
-    ev->next =
-        (struct eventlist *) numdb_search (guild_infoevent_db, guild_id);
-    numdb_insert (guild_infoevent_db, guild_id, ev);
-    return guild_request_info (guild_id);
-}
-
-// 所属キャラ�確�
-static
-int guild_check_member (const struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-    {
-        if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) && sd->state.auth)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.guild_id == g->guild_id)
-            {
-                int  j, f = 1;
-                for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILD; j++)
-                {               // データ��る�
-                    if (g->member[j].account_id == sd->status.account_id)
-                        f = 0;
-                }
-                if (f)
-                {
-                    sd->status.guild_id = 0;
-                    sd->guild_sended = 0;
-                    sd->guild_emblem_id = 0;
-                    if (battle_config.error_log)
-                        printf ("guild: check_member %d[%s] is not member\n",
-                                sd->status.account_id, sd->status.name);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// 情報所得失敗（��ID�キャラを全部未所属��る）
-int guild_recv_noinfo (int guild_id)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-    {
-        if (session[i] && (sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data) && sd->state.auth)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.guild_id == guild_id)
-                sd->status.guild_id = 0;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// 情報所得
-int guild_recv_info (struct guild *sg)
-{
-    struct guild *g, before;
-    int  i, bm, m;
-    struct eventlist *ev, *ev2;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg);
-
-    if ((g = (struct guild *)numdb_search (guild_db, sg->guild_id)) == NULL)
-    {
-        CREATE (g, struct guild, 1);
-        numdb_insert (guild_db, sg->guild_id, g);
-        before = *sg;
-
-        // 最��ロード���ユーザー��ェックを行�
-        guild_check_member (sg);
-    }
-    else
-        before = *g;
-    memcpy (g, sg, sizeof (struct guild));
-
-    for (i = bm = m = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {                           // sd�設定�人数�確�
-        if (g->member[i].account_id > 0)
-        {
-            struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (g->member[i].account_id);
-            g->member[i].sd = (sd != NULL &&
-                               sd->status.guild_id ==
-                               g->guild_id) ? sd : NULL;
-            m++;
-        }
-        else
-            g->member[i].sd = NULL;
-        if (before.member[i].account_id > 0)
-            bm++;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {                           // 情報��信
-        struct map_session_data *sd = g->member[i].sd;
-        if (sd == NULL)
-            continue;
-
-        if (before.guild_lv != g->guild_lv || bm != m ||
-            before.max_member != g->max_member)
-        {
-            clif_guild_basicinfo (sd);  // 基本情報�信
-            clif_guild_emblem (sd, g);  // エンブレム�信
-        }
-
-        if (bm != m)
-        {                       // メン�ー情報�信
-            clif_guild_memberlist (g->member[i].sd);
-        }
-
-        if (before.skill_point != g->skill_point)
-            clif_guild_skillinfo (sd);  // スキル情報�信
-
-        if (sd->guild_sended == 0)
-        {                       // 未�信�ら所属情報も�る
-            clif_guild_belonginfo (sd, g);
-            clif_guild_notice (sd, g);
-            sd->guild_emblem_id = g->emblem_id;
-            sd->guild_sended = 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // イベント�発生
-    if ((ev = (struct eventlist *)numdb_search (guild_infoevent_db, sg->guild_id)) != NULL)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (guild_infoevent_db, sg->guild_id);
-        for (; ev; ev2 = ev->next, free (ev), ev = ev2)
-        {
-            npc_event_do (ev->name);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド��勧誘
-int guild_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *tsd;
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    tsd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (tsd == NULL || g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if (!battle_config.invite_request_check)
-    {
-        if (tsd->party_invite > 0 || tsd->trade_partner)
-        {                       // 相手��引中����
-            clif_guild_inviteack (sd, 0);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    if (tsd->status.guild_id > 0 || tsd->guild_invite > 0)
-    {                           // 相手�所属確�
-        clif_guild_inviteack (sd, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // 定員確�
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == 0)
-            break;
-    if (i == g->max_member)
-    {
-        clif_guild_inviteack (sd, 3);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    tsd->guild_invite = sd->status.guild_id;
-    tsd->guild_invite_account = sd->status.account_id;
-
-    clif_guild_invite (tsd, g);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド勧誘��返答
-int guild_reply_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id, int flag)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *tsd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, tsd = map_id2sd (sd->guild_invite_account));
-
-    if (sd->guild_invite != guild_id)   // 勧誘�ギルドID���
-        return 0;
-
-    if (flag == 1)
-    {                           // 承諾
-        struct guild_member m;
-        struct guild *g;
-        int  i;
-
-        // 定員確�
-        if ((g = guild_search (tsd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-        {
-            sd->guild_invite = 0;
-            sd->guild_invite_account = 0;
-            return 0;
-        }
-        for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-            if (g->member[i].account_id == 0)
-                break;
-        if (i == g->max_member)
-        {
-            sd->guild_invite = 0;
-            sd->guild_invite_account = 0;
-            clif_guild_inviteack (tsd, 3);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        //inter鯖�追加�求
-        guild_makemember (&m, sd);
-        intif_guild_addmember (sd->guild_invite, &m);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {                           // 拒�
-        sd->guild_invite = 0;
-        sd->guild_invite_account = 0;
-        if (tsd == NULL)
-            return 0;
-        clif_guild_inviteack (tsd, 1);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��追加�れ�
-int guild_member_added (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id), *sd2;
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    if ((g = guild_search (guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((sd == NULL || sd->guild_invite == 0) && flag == 0)
-    {
-        // キャラ��登録��������脱退�求を出�
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("guild: member added error %d is not online\n",
-                    account_id);
-        intif_guild_leave (guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, 0, "**登録失敗**");
-        return 0;
-    }
-    sd->guild_invite = 0;
-    sd->guild_invite_account = 0;
-
-    sd2 = map_id2sd (sd->guild_invite_account);
-
-    if (flag == 1)
-    {                           // 失敗
-        if (sd2 != NULL)
-            clif_guild_inviteack (sd2, 3);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // �功
-    sd->guild_sended = 0;
-    sd->status.guild_id = guild_id;
-
-    if (sd2 != NULL)
-        clif_guild_inviteack (sd2, 2);
-
-    // ����競�確�
-    guild_check_conflict (sd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド脱退�求
-int guild_leave (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                 int account_id, int char_id, const char *mes)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->status.account_id != account_id ||
-        sd->status.guild_id != guild_id)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {                           // 所属���る�
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == sd->status.account_id)
-        {
-            intif_guild_leave (g->guild_id, sd->status.account_id,
-                               sd->status.char_id, 0, mes);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド追放�求
-int guild_explusion (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                     int account_id, int char_id, const char *mes)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i, ps;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id != guild_id)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || !(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010))
-        return 0;               // 処罰権�無�
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {                           // 所属���る�
-        if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-        {
-            intif_guild_leave (g->guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/, 1, mes);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��脱退��
-int guild_member_leaved (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag,
-                         const char *name, const char *mes)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    int  i;
-
-    if (g != NULL)
-    {
-        int  i;
-        for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-            if (g->member[i].account_id == account_id)
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *sd2 = sd;
-                if (sd2 == NULL)
-                    sd2 = guild_getavailablesd (g);
-                else
-                {
-                    if (flag == 0)
-                        clif_guild_leave (sd2, name, mes);
-                    else
-                        clif_guild_explusion (sd2, name, mes, account_id);
-                }
-                g->member[i].account_id = 0;
-                g->member[i].sd = NULL;
-            }
-    }
-    if (sd != NULL && sd->status.guild_id == guild_id)
-    {
-        if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)    //Close the guild storage.
-            storage_guild_storageclose (sd);
-        sd->status.guild_id = 0;
-        sd->guild_emblem_id = 0;
-        sd->guild_sended = 0;
-    }
-
-    // メン�ーリストを全員��通知
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].sd != NULL)
-            clif_guild_memberlist (g->member[i].sd);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��オンライン状態/Lv更新�信
-int guild_send_memberinfoshort (struct map_session_data *sd, int online)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id <= 0)
-        return 0;
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    intif_guild_memberinfoshort (g->guild_id,
-                                 sd->status.account_id, 0 /*char_id*/,
-                                 online, sd->status.base_level,
-                                 sd->status.pc_class);
-
-    if (!online)
-    {                           // ログアウト�る�らsdをクリア��終了
-        int  i =
-            guild_getindex (g, sd->status.account_id, 0 /*char_id*/);
-        if (i >= 0)
-            g->member[i].sd = NULL;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->guild_sended != 0)  // ギルド�期�信データ��信済�
-        return 0;
-
-    // 競�確�
-    guild_check_conflict (sd);
-
-    // �る�らギルド�期�信データ�信
-    if ((g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) != NULL)
-    {
-        guild_check_member (g); // 所属を確��る
-        if (sd->status.guild_id == g->guild_id)
-        {
-            clif_guild_belonginfo (sd, g);
-            clif_guild_notice (sd, g);
-            sd->guild_sended = 1;
-            sd->guild_emblem_id = g->emblem_id;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��オンライン状態/Lv更新通知
-int guild_recv_memberinfoshort (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                int online, int lv, int pc_class)
-{
-    int  i, alv, c, idx = 0, om = 0, oldonline = -1;
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    for (i = 0, alv = 0, c = 0, om = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        struct guild_member *m = &g->member[i];
-        if (m->account_id == account_id)
-        {
-            oldonline = m->online;
-            m->online = online;
-            m->lv = lv;
-            m->pc_class = pc_class;
-            idx = i;
-        }
-        if (m->account_id > 0)
-        {
-            alv += m->lv;
-            c++;
-        }
-        if (m->online)
-            om++;
-    }
-    if (idx == g->max_member)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("guild: not found member %d,%d on %d[%s]\n", account_id,
-                    char_id, guild_id, g->name);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    g->average_lv = alv / c;
-    g->connect_member = om;
-
-    if (oldonline != online)    // オンライン状態�変�����通知
-        clif_guild_memberlogin_notice (g, idx, online);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {                           // sd�設定
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (g->member[i].account_id);
-        g->member[i].sd = (sd != NULL &&
-                           sd->status.guild_id == guild_id) ? sd : NULL;
-    }
-
-    // ���クライアント��信処��必�
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド会話�信
-int guild_send_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id == 0)
-        return 0;
-    intif_guild_message (sd->status.guild_id, sd->status.account_id, mes,
-                         len);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド会話�信
-int guild_recv_message (int guild_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    if ((g = guild_search (guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    clif_guild_message (g, account_id, mes, len);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��役�変更
-int guild_change_memberposition (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                 int idx)
-{
-    return intif_guild_change_memberinfo (guild_id, account_id, 0 /*char_id*/,
-                                          GMI_POSITION, &idx, sizeof (idx));
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��役�変更通知
-int guild_memberposition_changed (struct guild *g, int idx, int pos)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    g->member[idx].position = pos;
-    clif_guild_memberpositionchanged (g, idx);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド役�変更
-int guild_change_position (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx,
-                           int mode, int exp_mode, const char *name)
-{
-    struct guild_position p;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (exp_mode > battle_config.guild_exp_limit)
-        exp_mode = battle_config.guild_exp_limit;
-    if (exp_mode < 0)
-        exp_mode = 0;
-    p.mode = mode;
-    p.exp_mode = exp_mode;
-    memcpy (p.name, name, 24);
-    return intif_guild_position (sd->status.guild_id, idx, &p);
-}
-
-// ギルド役�変更通知
-int guild_position_changed (int guild_id, int idx, struct guild_position *p)
-{
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    memcpy (&g->position[idx], p, sizeof (struct guild_position));
-    clif_guild_positionchanged (g, idx);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド告知変更
-int guild_change_notice (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                         const char *mes1, const char *mes2)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  ps;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || !(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (guild_id != sd->status.guild_id)
-        return 0;
-
-    return intif_guild_notice (guild_id, mes1, mes2);
-}
-
-// ギルド告知変更通知
-int guild_notice_changed (int guild_id, const char *mes1, const char *mes2)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    memcpy (g->mes1, mes1, 60);
-    memcpy (g->mes2, mes2, 120);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if ((sd = g->member[i].sd) != NULL)
-            clif_guild_notice (sd, g);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドエンブレム変更
-int guild_change_emblem (struct map_session_data *sd, int len,
-                         const char *data)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  ps;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || !(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010))
-        return 0;
-
-    return intif_guild_emblem (sd->status.guild_id, len, data);
-}
-
-// ギルドエンブレム変更通知
-int guild_emblem_changed (int len, int guild_id, int emblem_id,
-                          const char *data)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    memcpy (g->emblem_data, data, len);
-    g->emblem_len = len;
-    g->emblem_id = emblem_id;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if ((sd = g->member[i].sd) != NULL)
-        {
-            sd->guild_emblem_id = emblem_id;
-            clif_guild_belonginfo (sd, g);
-            clif_guild_emblem (sd, g);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�EXP上�
-int guild_payexp (struct map_session_data *sd, int exp)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    struct guild_expcache *c;
-    int  per, exp2;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id == 0
-        || (g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if ((per = g->position[guild_getposition (sd, g)].exp_mode) <= 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (per > 100)
-        per = 100;
-
-    if ((exp2 = exp * per / 100) <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((c = (struct guild_expcache *)numdb_search (guild_expcache_db, sd->status.account_id /*char_id*/)) == NULL)
-    {
-        CREATE (c, struct guild_expcache, 1);
-        c->guild_id = sd->status.guild_id;
-        c->account_id = sd->status.account_id;
-        c->char_id = 0;
-        c->exp = exp2;
-        numdb_insert (guild_expcache_db, c->account_id /*char_id*/, c);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        c->exp += exp2;
-    }
-    return exp2;
-}
-
-// スキル�イント割り振り
-int guild_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  idx;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id == 0
-        || (g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if (strcmp (sd->status.name, g->master))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (g->skill_point > 0 &&
-        g->skill[(idx = skill_num - 10000)].id != 0 &&
-        g->skill[idx].lv < guild_skill_get_max (skill_num))
-    {
-        intif_guild_skillup (g->guild_id, skill_num, sd->status.account_id);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// スキル�イント割り振り通知
-int guild_skillupack (int guild_id, int skill_num, int account_id)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    int  i;
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if (sd != NULL)
-        clif_guild_skillup (sd, skill_num, g->skill[skill_num - 10000].lv);
-    // 全員�通知
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-        if ((sd = g->member[i].sd) != NULL)
-            clif_guild_skillinfo (sd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟数所得
-static
-int guild_get_alliance_count (struct guild *g, int flag)
-{
-    int  i, c;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->alliance[i].guild_id > 0 && g->alliance[i].opposition == flag)
-            c++;
-    }
-    return c;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟�求
-int guild_reqalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *tsd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    struct guild *g[2];
-    int  i, ps;
-
-    if (agit_flag)
-    {                           // Disable alliance creation during woe [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
-                             "Alliances cannot be made during Guild Wars!");
-        return 0;
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (tsd == NULL || tsd->status.guild_id <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    g[0] = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    g[1] = guild_search (tsd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g[0] == NULL || g[1] == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g[0])) < 0
-        || !(g[0]->position[ps].mode & 0x0010))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (guild_get_alliance_count (g[0], 0) > 3) // �盟数確�
-        clif_guild_allianceack (sd, 4);
-    if (guild_get_alliance_count (g[1], 0) > 3)
-        clif_guild_allianceack (sd, 3);
-
-    if (tsd->guild_alliance > 0)
-    {                           // 相手��盟�請状態����確�
-        clif_guild_allianceack (sd, 1);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {                           // ����盟状態�確�
-        if (g[0]->alliance[i].guild_id == tsd->status.guild_id &&
-            g[0]->alliance[i].opposition == 0)
-        {
-            clif_guild_allianceack (sd, 0);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    tsd->guild_alliance = sd->status.guild_id;
-    tsd->guild_alliance_account = sd->status.account_id;
-
-    clif_guild_reqalliance (tsd, sd->status.account_id, g[0]->name);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド勧誘��返答
-int guild_reply_reqalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                             int flag)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *tsd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, tsd = map_id2sd (account_id));
-
-    if (sd->guild_alliance != tsd->status.guild_id) // 勧誘�ギルドID���
-        return 0;
-
-    if (flag == 1)
-    {                           // 承諾
-        int  i;
-
-        struct guild *g;        // �盟数�確�
-        if ((g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL ||
-            guild_get_alliance_count (g, 0) > 3)
-        {
-            clif_guild_allianceack (sd, 4);
-            clif_guild_allianceack (tsd, 3);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if ((g = guild_search (tsd->status.guild_id)) == NULL ||
-            guild_get_alliance_count (g, 0) > 3)
-        {
-            clif_guild_allianceack (sd, 3);
-            clif_guild_allianceack (tsd, 4);
-            return 0;
-        }
-
-        // 敵対関係�ら敵対を止�る
-        if ((g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-            return 0;
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-        {
-            if (g->alliance[i].guild_id == tsd->status.guild_id &&
-                g->alliance[i].opposition == 1)
-                intif_guild_alliance (sd->status.guild_id,
-                                      tsd->status.guild_id,
-                                      sd->status.account_id,
-                                      tsd->status.account_id, 9);
-        }
-        if ((g = guild_search (tsd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-            return 0;
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-        {
-            if (g->alliance[i].guild_id == sd->status.guild_id &&
-                g->alliance[i].opposition == 1)
-                intif_guild_alliance (tsd->status.guild_id,
-                                      sd->status.guild_id,
-                                      tsd->status.account_id,
-                                      sd->status.account_id, 9);
-        }
-
-        // inter鯖��盟�請
-        intif_guild_alliance (sd->status.guild_id, tsd->status.guild_id,
-                              sd->status.account_id, tsd->status.account_id,
-                              0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else
-    {                           // 拒�
-        sd->guild_alliance = 0;
-        sd->guild_alliance_account = 0;
-        if (tsd != NULL)
-            clif_guild_allianceack (tsd, 3);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド関係解消
-int guild_delalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id, int flag)
-{
-    if (agit_flag)
-    {                           // Disable alliance breaking during woe [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
-                             "Alliances cannot be broken during Guild Wars!");
-        return 0;
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
-
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  ps;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || !(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010))
-        return 0;
-
-    intif_guild_alliance (sd->status.guild_id, guild_id,
-                          sd->status.account_id, 0, flag | 8);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド敵対
-int guild_opposition (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id /*char_id*/)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *tsd = map_id2sd (account_id /*char_id*/);
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i, ps;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-    if (g == NULL || tsd == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((ps = guild_getposition (sd, g)) < 0
-        || !(g->position[ps].mode & 0x0010))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (guild_get_alliance_count (g, 1) > 3)    // 敵対数確�
-        clif_guild_oppositionack (sd, 1);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {                           // ���関係を����る�確�
-        if (g->alliance[i].guild_id == tsd->status.guild_id)
-        {
-            if (g->alliance[i].opposition == 1)
-            {                   // ���敵対
-                clif_guild_oppositionack (sd, 2);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            else                // �盟破棄
-                intif_guild_alliance (sd->status.guild_id,
-                                      tsd->status.guild_id,
-                                      sd->status.account_id,
-                                      tsd->status.account_id, 8);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // inter鯖�敵対�請
-    intif_guild_alliance (sd->status.guild_id, tsd->status.guild_id,
-                          sd->status.account_id, tsd->status.account_id, 1);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟/敵対通知
-int guild_allianceack (int guild_id1, int guild_id2, int account_id1,
-                       int account_id2, int flag, const char *name1,
-                       const char *name2)
-{
-    struct guild *g[2];
-    int  guild_id[2] = { guild_id1, guild_id2 };
-    const char *guild_name[2] = { name1, name2 };
-    struct map_session_data *sd[2] =
-        { map_id2sd (account_id1), map_id2sd (account_id2) };
-    int  j, i;
-
-    g[0] = guild_search (guild_id1);
-    g[1] = guild_search (guild_id2);
-
-    if (sd[0] != NULL && (flag & 0x0f) == 0)
-    {
-        sd[0]->guild_alliance = 0;
-        sd[0]->guild_alliance_account = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (flag & 0x70)
-    {                           // 失敗
-        for (i = 0; i < 2 - (flag & 1); i++)
-            if (sd[i] != NULL)
-                clif_guild_allianceack (sd[i],
-                                        ((flag >> 4) == i + 1) ? 3 : 4);
-        return 0;
-    }
-//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("guild alliance_ack %d %d %d %d %d %s %s\n",guild_id1,guild_id2,account_id1,account_id2,flag,name1,name2);
-
-    if (!(flag & 0x08))
-    {                           // 関係追加
-        for (i = 0; i < 2 - (flag & 1); i++)
-            if (g[i] != NULL)
-                for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; j++)
-                    if (g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id == 0)
-                    {
-                        g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id = guild_id[1 - i];
-                        memcpy (g[i]->alliance[j].name, guild_name[1 - i],
-                                24);
-                        g[i]->alliance[j].opposition = flag & 1;
-                        break;
-                    }
-    }
-    else
-    {                           // 関係解消
-        for (i = 0; i < 2 - (flag & 1); i++)
-        {
-            if (g[i] != NULL)
-                for (j = 0; j < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; j++)
-                    if (g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id == guild_id[1 - i] &&
-                        g[i]->alliance[j].opposition == (flag & 1))
-                    {
-                        g[i]->alliance[j].guild_id = 0;
-                        break;
-                    }
-            if (sd[i] != NULL)  // 解消通知
-                clif_guild_delalliance (sd[i], guild_id[1 - i], (flag & 1));
-        }
-    }
-
-    if ((flag & 0x0f) == 0)
-    {                           // �盟通知
-        if (sd[1] != NULL)
-            clif_guild_allianceack (sd[1], 2);
-    }
-    else if ((flag & 0x0f) == 1)
-    {                           // 敵対通知
-        if (sd[0] != NULL)
-            clif_guild_oppositionack (sd[0], 0);
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 2 - (flag & 1); i++)
-    {                           // �盟/敵対リスト���信
-        struct map_session_data *sd;
-        if (g[i] != NULL)
-            for (j = 0; j < g[i]->max_member; j++)
-                if ((sd = g[i]->member[j].sd) != NULL)
-                    clif_guild_allianceinfo (sd);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド解散通知用
-static
-void guild_broken_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct guild *g = (struct guild *) data;
-    int  guild_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int  i, j;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-
-    nullpo_retv (g);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-    {                           // 関係を破棄
-        if (g->alliance[i].guild_id == guild_id)
-        {
-            for (j = 0; j < g->max_member; j++)
-                if ((sd = g->member[j].sd) != NULL)
-                    clif_guild_delalliance (sd, guild_id,
-                                            g->alliance[i].opposition);
-            g->alliance[i].guild_id = 0;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// ギルド解散通知
-int guild_broken (int guild_id, int flag)
-{
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i;
-    if (flag != 0 || g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {                           // ギルド解散を通知
-        if ((sd = g->member[i].sd) != NULL)
-        {
-            if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-                storage_guild_storage_quit (sd, 1);
-            sd->status.guild_id = 0;
-            sd->guild_sended = 0;
-            clif_guild_broken (g->member[i].sd, 0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    numdb_foreach (guild_db, guild_broken_sub, guild_id);
-    numdb_erase (guild_db, guild_id);
-    guild_storage_delete (guild_id);
-    free (g);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド解散
-int guild_break (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
-{
-    struct guild *g;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if ((g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if (strcmp (g->name, name) != 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (strcmp (sd->status.name, g->master) != 0)
-        return 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < g->max_member; i++)
-    {
-        if (g->member[i].account_id > 0
-            && (g->member[i].account_id != sd->status.account_id))
-            break;
-    }
-    if (i < g->max_member)
-    {
-        clif_guild_broken (sd, 2);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    intif_guild_break (g->guild_id);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ�求
-int guild_castledataload (int castle_id, int index)
-{
-    return intif_guild_castle_dataload (castle_id, index);
-}
-
-// ギルド城情報所得時イベント追加
-int guild_addcastleinfoevent (int castle_id, int index, const char *name)
-{
-    struct eventlist *ev;
-    int  code = castle_id | (index << 16);
-
-    if (name == NULL || *name == 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    CREATE (ev, struct eventlist, 1);
-    memcpy (ev->name, name, sizeof (ev->name));
-    ev->next = (struct eventlist *)numdb_search (guild_castleinfoevent_db, code);
-    numdb_insert (guild_castleinfoevent_db, code, ev);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ�求返信
-int guild_castledataloadack (int castle_id, int index, int value)
-{
-    struct guild_castle *gc = guild_castle_search (castle_id);
-    int  code = castle_id | (index << 16);
-    struct eventlist *ev, *ev2;
-
-    if (gc == NULL)
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    switch (index)
-    {
-        case 1:
-            gc->guild_id = value;
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            gc->economy = value;
-            break;
-        case 3:
-            gc->defense = value;
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            gc->triggerE = value;
-            break;
-        case 5:
-            gc->triggerD = value;
-            break;
-        case 6:
-            gc->nextTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 7:
-            gc->payTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 8:
-            gc->createTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 9:
-            gc->visibleC = value;
-            break;
-        case 10:
-            gc->visibleG0 = value;
-            break;
-        case 11:
-            gc->visibleG1 = value;
-            break;
-        case 12:
-            gc->visibleG2 = value;
-            break;
-        case 13:
-            gc->visibleG3 = value;
-            break;
-        case 14:
-            gc->visibleG4 = value;
-            break;
-        case 15:
-            gc->visibleG5 = value;
-            break;
-        case 16:
-            gc->visibleG6 = value;
-            break;
-        case 17:
-            gc->visibleG7 = value;
-            break;
-        case 18:
-            gc->Ghp0 = value;
-            break;              // guardian HP [Valaris]
-        case 19:
-            gc->Ghp1 = value;
-            break;
-        case 20:
-            gc->Ghp2 = value;
-            break;
-        case 21:
-            gc->Ghp3 = value;
-            break;
-        case 22:
-            gc->Ghp4 = value;
-            break;
-        case 23:
-            gc->Ghp5 = value;
-            break;
-        case 24:
-            gc->Ghp6 = value;
-            break;
-        case 25:
-            gc->Ghp7 = value;
-            break;              // end additions [Valaris]
-        default:
-            printf ("guild_castledataloadack ERROR!! (Not found index=%d)\n",
-                    index);
-            return 0;
-    }
-    if ((ev = (struct eventlist *)numdb_search (guild_castleinfoevent_db, code)) != NULL)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (guild_castleinfoevent_db, code);
-        for (; ev; ev2 = ev->next, free (ev), ev = ev2)
-        {
-            npc_event_do (ev->name);
-        }
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ変更�求
-int guild_castledatasave (int castle_id, int index, int value)
-{
-    return intif_guild_castle_datasave (castle_id, index, value);
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ変更通知
-int guild_castledatasaveack (int castle_id, int index, int value)
-{
-    struct guild_castle *gc = guild_castle_search (castle_id);
-    if (gc == NULL)
-    {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    switch (index)
-    {
-        case 1:
-            gc->guild_id = value;
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            gc->economy = value;
-            break;
-        case 3:
-            gc->defense = value;
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            gc->triggerE = value;
-            break;
-        case 5:
-            gc->triggerD = value;
-            break;
-        case 6:
-            gc->nextTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 7:
-            gc->payTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 8:
-            gc->createTime = value;
-            break;
-        case 9:
-            gc->visibleC = value;
-            break;
-        case 10:
-            gc->visibleG0 = value;
-            break;
-        case 11:
-            gc->visibleG1 = value;
-            break;
-        case 12:
-            gc->visibleG2 = value;
-            break;
-        case 13:
-            gc->visibleG3 = value;
-            break;
-        case 14:
-            gc->visibleG4 = value;
-            break;
-        case 15:
-            gc->visibleG5 = value;
-            break;
-        case 16:
-            gc->visibleG6 = value;
-            break;
-        case 17:
-            gc->visibleG7 = value;
-            break;
-        case 18:
-            gc->Ghp0 = value;
-            break;              // guardian HP [Valaris]
-        case 19:
-            gc->Ghp1 = value;
-            break;
-        case 20:
-            gc->Ghp2 = value;
-            break;
-        case 21:
-            gc->Ghp3 = value;
-            break;
-        case 22:
-            gc->Ghp4 = value;
-            break;
-        case 23:
-            gc->Ghp5 = value;
-            break;
-        case 24:
-            gc->Ghp6 = value;
-            break;
-        case 25:
-            gc->Ghp7 = value;
-            break;              // end additions [Valaris]
-        default:
-            printf ("guild_castledatasaveack ERROR!! (Not found index=%d)\n",
-                    index);
-            return 0;
-    }
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// ギルドデータ一括�信（�期化時）
-int guild_castlealldataload (int len, struct guild_castle *gc)
-{
-    int  i;
-    int  n = (len - 4) / sizeof (struct guild_castle), ev = -1;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, gc);
-
-    // イベント付���求�るデータ�置を探�(最後��拠データ)
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        if ((gc + i)->guild_id)
-            ev = i;
-    }
-
-    // 城データ格��ギルド情報�求
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++, gc++)
-    {
-        struct guild_castle *c = guild_castle_search (gc->castle_id);
-        if (!c)
-        {
-            printf ("guild_castlealldataload ??\n");
-            continue;
-        }
-        memcpy (&c->guild_id, &gc->guild_id,
-                sizeof (struct guild_castle) - ((int) &c->guild_id -
-                                                (int) c));
-        if (c->guild_id)
-        {
-            if (i != ev)
-                guild_request_info (c->guild_id);
-            else
-                guild_npc_request_info (c->guild_id, "::OnAgitInit");
-        }
-    }
-    if (ev == -1)
-        npc_event_doall ("OnAgitInit");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_agit_start (void)
-{                               // Run All NPC_Event[OnAgitStart]
-    int  c = npc_event_doall ("OnAgitStart");
-    printf ("NPC_Event:[OnAgitStart] Run (%d) Events by @AgitStart.\n", c);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_agit_end (void)
-{                               // Run All NPC_Event[OnAgitEnd]
-    int  c = npc_event_doall ("OnAgitEnd");
-    printf ("NPC_Event:[OnAgitEnd] Run (%d) Events by @AgitEnd.\n", c);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void guild_gvg_eliminate_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{                               // Run One NPC_Event[OnAgitEliminate]
-    size_t len = strlen ((const char *) data);
-    char *evname;
-    CREATE (evname, char, len + 4);
-    int  c = 0;
-
-    if (!agit_flag)
-        return;               // Agit already End
-    memcpy (evname, (const char *) data, len - 5);
-    strcpy (evname + len - 5, "Eliminate");
-    c = npc_event_do (evname);
-    printf ("NPC_Event:[%s] Run (%d) Events.\n", evname, c);
-}
-
-int guild_agit_break (struct mob_data *md)
-{                               // Run One NPC_Event[OnAgitBreak]
-    char *evname;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    CREATE (evname, char, strlen (md->npc_event) + 1);
-
-    strcpy (evname, md->npc_event);
-// Now By User to Run [OnAgitBreak] NPC Event...
-// It's a little impossible to null point with player disconnect in this!
-// But Script will be stop, so nothing...
-// Maybe will be changed in the futher..
-//      int c = npc_event_do(evname);
-    if (!agit_flag)
-        return 0;               // Agit already End
-    add_timer (gettick () + battle_config.gvg_eliminate_time,
-               guild_gvg_eliminate_timer, md->bl.m, (int) evname);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// [MouseJstr]
-//   How many castles does this guild have?
-int guild_checkcastles (struct guild *g)
-{
-    int  i, nb_cas = 0, id, cas_id = 0;
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-    id = g->guild_id;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-    {
-        gc = guild_castle_search (i);
-        cas_id = gc->guild_id;
-        if (g->guild_id == cas_id)
-            nb_cas = nb_cas + 1;
-    }                           //end for
-    return nb_cas;
-}
-
-// [MouseJstr]
-//    is this guild allied with this castle?
-int guild_isallied (struct guild *g, struct guild_castle *gc)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, g);
-
-    if (g->guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-        return 1;
-
-    if (gc->guild_id == 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDALLIANCE; i++)
-        if (g->alliance[i].guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-        {
-            if (g->alliance[i].opposition == 0)
-                return 1;
-            else
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void guild_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    free (data);
-}
-
-static void castle_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    free (data);
-}
-
-static void guild_expcache_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    free (data);
-}
-
-static void guild_infoevent_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    free (data);
-}
-
-void do_final_guild (void)
-{
-    if (guild_db)
-        numdb_final (guild_db, guild_db_final);
-    if (castle_db)
-        numdb_final (castle_db, castle_db_final);
-    if (guild_expcache_db)
-        numdb_final (guild_expcache_db, guild_expcache_db_final);
-    if (guild_infoevent_db)
-        numdb_final (guild_infoevent_db, guild_infoevent_db_final);
-    if (guild_castleinfoevent_db)
-        numdb_final (guild_castleinfoevent_db, guild_infoevent_db_final);
-}
diff --git a/src/map/guild.hpp b/src/map/guild.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 983934c..0000000
--- a/src/map/guild.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: guild.h,v 1.4 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-#ifndef GUILD_HPP
-#define GUILD_HPP
-
-struct map_session_data;
-struct mob_data;
-struct guild;
-struct guild_member;
-struct guild_position;
-struct guild_castle;
-
-int  guild_skill_get_inf (int id);
-int  guild_skill_get_sp (int id, int lv);
-int  guild_skill_get_range (int id);
-int  guild_skill_get_max (int id);
-
-int  guild_checkskill (struct guild *g, int id);
-int  guild_checkcastles (struct guild *g);  // [MouseJstr]
-int  guild_isallied (struct guild *g, struct guild_castle *gc);
-
-void do_init_guild (void);
-struct guild *guild_search (int guild_id);
-struct guild *guild_searchname (const char *str);
-struct guild_castle *guild_castle_search (int gcid);
-
-struct guild_castle *guild_mapname2gc (const char *mapname);
-
-struct map_session_data *guild_getavailablesd (struct guild *g);
-int  guild_getindex (struct guild *g, int account_id, int char_id);
-int  guild_getposition (struct map_session_data *sd, struct guild *g);
-int  guild_payexp (struct map_session_data *sd, int exp);
-
-int  guild_create (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
-int  guild_created (int account_id, int guild_id);
-int  guild_request_info (int guild_id);
-int  guild_recv_noinfo (int guild_id);
-int  guild_recv_info (struct guild *sg);
-int  guild_npc_request_info (int guild_id, const char *ev);
-int  guild_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id);
-int  guild_reply_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id, int flag);
-int  guild_member_added (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag);
-int  guild_leave (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                  int account_id, int char_id, const char *mes);
-int  guild_member_leaved (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag,
-                          const char *name, const char *mes);
-int  guild_explusion (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                      int account_id, int char_id, const char *mes);
-int  guild_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num);
-int  guild_reqalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id);
-int  guild_reply_reqalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                              int flag);
-int  guild_alliance (int guild_id1, int guild_id2, int account_id1,
-                     int account_id2);
-int  guild_allianceack (int guild_id1, int guild_id2, int account_id1,
-                        int account_id2, int flag, const char *name1,
-                        const char *name2);
-int  guild_delalliance (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id, int flag);
-int  guild_opposition (struct map_session_data *sd, int char_id);
-
-int  guild_send_memberinfoshort (struct map_session_data *sd, int online);
-int  guild_recv_memberinfoshort (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                 int online, int lv, int class_);
-int  guild_change_memberposition (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                  int idx);
-int  guild_memberposition_changed (struct guild *g, int idx, int pos);
-int  guild_change_position (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx,
-                            int mode, int exp_mode, const char *name);
-int  guild_position_changed (int guild_id, int idx, struct guild_position *p);
-int  guild_change_notice (struct map_session_data *sd, int guild_id,
-                          const char *mes1, const char *mes2);
-int  guild_notice_changed (int guild_id, const char *mes1, const char *mes2);
-int  guild_change_emblem (struct map_session_data *sd, int len,
-                          const char *data);
-int  guild_emblem_changed (int len, int guild_id, int emblem_id,
-                           const char *data);
-int  guild_send_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len);
-int  guild_recv_message (int guild_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
-int  guild_skillupack (int guild_id, int skill_num, int account_id);
-int  guild_break (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
-int  guild_broken (int guild_id, int flag);
-
-int  guild_addcastleinfoevent (int castle_id, int index, const char *name);
-int  guild_castledataload (int castle_id, int index);
-int  guild_castledataloadack (int castle_id, int index, int value);
-int  guild_castledatasave (int castle_id, int index, int value);
-int  guild_castledatasaveack (int castle_id, int index, int value);
-int  guild_castlealldataload (int len, struct guild_castle *gc);
-
-int  guild_agit_start (void);
-int  guild_agit_end (void);
-int  guild_agit_break (struct mob_data *md);
-
-void do_final_guild (void);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/map/intif.cpp b/src/map/intif.cpp
index dfbc665..6c8edf5 100644
--- a/src/map/intif.cpp
+++ b/src/map/intif.cpp
@@ -1,42 +1,24 @@
-// $Id: intif.c,v 1.2 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#ifdef LCCWIN32
-#include <winsock.h>
-#else
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#endif
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#ifndef LCCWIN32
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#endif
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include "intif.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
 
 #include "battle.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
 #include "storage.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-static const int packet_len_table[] = {
+static
+const int packet_len_table[] = {
     -1, -1, 27, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     -1, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
     35, -1, 11, 15, 34, 29, 7, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
@@ -48,40 +30,37 @@ static const int packet_len_table[] = {
     11, -1, 7, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
 };
 
-extern int char_fd;             // inter server�fd�char_fdを使�
-#define inter_fd (char_fd)      // エイリアス
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
 // inter server���信
 
 // Message for all GMs on all map servers
-int intif_GMmessage (const char *mes, int len, int flag)
+void intif_GMmessage(const_string mes, int flag)
 {
-    int  lp = (flag & 0x10) ? 8 : 4;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3000;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = lp + len;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = 0x65756c62;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, lp), mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
-
-    return 0;
+    int lp = (flag & 0x10) ? 8 : 4;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3000;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = lp + mes.size() + 1;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = 0x65756c62;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, lp), mes.data(), mes.size());
+    WFIFOB(char_fd, lp + mes.size()) = '\0';
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
 }
 
 // The transmission of Wisp/Page to inter-server (player not found on this server)
-int intif_wis_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, const char *mes,
+int intif_wis_message(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, const char *mes,
                        int mes_len)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3001;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = mes_len + 52;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 4), sd->status.name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 28), nick, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 52), mes, mes_len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3001;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = mes_len + 52;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 4), sd->status.name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 28), nick, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 52), mes, mes_len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif_wis_message from %s to %s (message: '%s')\n",
+        PRINTF("intif_wis_message from %s to %s (message: '%s')\n",
                 sd->status.name, nick, mes);
 
     return 0;
@@ -89,437 +68,200 @@ int intif_wis_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, const char
 
 // The reply of Wisp/page
 static
-int intif_wis_replay (int id, int flag)
+int intif_wis_replay(int id, int flag)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3002;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = id;
-    WFIFOB (inter_fd, 6) = flag;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 7);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3002;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = id;
+    WFIFOB(char_fd, 6) = flag;    // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 7);
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif_wis_replay: id: %d, flag:%d\n", id, flag);
+        PRINTF("intif_wis_replay: id: %d, flag:%d\n", id, flag);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // The transmission of GM only Wisp/Page from server to inter-server
-int intif_wis_message_to_gm (const char *Wisp_name, int min_gm_level, const char *mes,
+int intif_wis_message_to_gm(const char *Wisp_name, int min_gm_level, const char *mes,
                              int mes_len)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3003;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = mes_len + 30;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 4), Wisp_name, 24);
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 28) = (short) min_gm_level;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 30), mes, mes_len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3003;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = mes_len + 30;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 4), Wisp_name, 24);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 28) = (short) min_gm_level;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 30), mes, mes_len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf
-            ("intif_wis_message_to_gm: from: '%s', min level: %d, message: '%s'.\n",
+        PRINTF("intif_wis_message_to_gm: from: '%s', min level: %d, message: '%s'.\n",
              Wisp_name, min_gm_level, mes);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�信
-int intif_saveaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int intif_saveaccountreg(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  j, p;
+    int j, p;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3004;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = sd->bl.id;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3004;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = sd->bl.id;
     for (j = 0, p = 8; j < sd->status.account_reg_num; j++, p += 36)
     {
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, p), sd->status.account_reg[j].str, 32);
-        WFIFOL (inter_fd, p + 32) = sd->status.account_reg[j].value;
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, p), sd->status.account_reg[j].str, 32);
+        WFIFOL(char_fd, p + 32) = sd->status.account_reg[j].value;
     }
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = p;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, p);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = p;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, p);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数�求
-int intif_request_accountreg (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int intif_request_accountreg(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3005;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3005;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->bl.id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ�求
-int intif_request_storage (int account_id)
+int intif_request_storage(int account_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3010;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3010;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ�信
-int intif_send_storage (struct storage *stor)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor);
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3011;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = sizeof (struct storage) + 8;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = stor->account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 8), stor, sizeof (struct storage));
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int intif_request_guild_storage (int account_id, int guild_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3018;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 10);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int intif_send_guild_storage (int account_id, struct guild_storage *gstor)
+int intif_send_storage(struct storage *stor)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3019;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = sizeof (struct guild_storage) + 12;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 8) = gstor->guild_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 12), gstor, sizeof (struct guild_storage));
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3011;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = sizeof(struct storage) + 8;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = stor->account_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 8), stor, sizeof(struct storage));
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, WFIFOW(char_fd, 2));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ作��求
-int intif_create_party (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
+int intif_create_party(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3020;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 6), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 30), sd->status.name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 54), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 70) = sd->status.base_level;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 72);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3020;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->status.account_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 6), name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 30), sd->status.name, 24);
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 54), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 70) = sd->status.base_level;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 72);
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif: create party\n");
+//      PRINTF("intif: create party\n");
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ情報�求
-int intif_request_partyinfo (int party_id)
+int intif_request_partyinfo(int party_id)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3021;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 6);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3021;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 6);
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif: request party info\n");
+//      PRINTF("intif: request party info\n");
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ追加�求
-int intif_party_addmember (int party_id, int account_id)
+int intif_party_addmember(int party_id, int account_id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(account_id);
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif: party add member %d %d\n",party_id,account_id);
+//      PRINTF("intif: party add member %d %d\n",party_id,account_id);
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
-        WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3022;
-        WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = party_id;
-        WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 10), sd->status.name, 24);
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 34), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
-        WFIFOW (inter_fd, 50) = sd->status.base_level;
-        WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 52);
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3022;
+        WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
+        WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 10), sd->status.name, 24);
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 34), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 50) = sd->status.base_level;
+        WFIFOSET(char_fd, 52);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ設定変更
-int intif_party_changeoption (int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item)
+int intif_party_changeoption(int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3023;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 10) = exp;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 12) = item;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 14);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3023;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 10) = exp;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 12) = item;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 14);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ脱退�求
-int intif_party_leave (int party_id, int account_id)
+int intif_party_leave(int party_id, int account_id)
 {
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif: party leave %d %d\n",party_id,account_id);
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3024;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 10);
+//      PRINTF("intif: party leave %d %d\n",party_id,account_id);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3024;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 10);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ移動�求
-int intif_party_changemap (struct map_session_data *sd, int online)
+int intif_party_changemap(struct map_session_data *sd, int online)
 {
     if (sd != NULL)
     {
-        WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3025;
-        WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = sd->status.party_id;
-        WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = sd->status.account_id;
-        memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 10), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
-        WFIFOB (inter_fd, 26) = online;
-        WFIFOW (inter_fd, 27) = sd->status.base_level;
-        WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 29);
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3025;
+        WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = sd->status.party_id;
+        WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = sd->status.account_id;
+        memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 10), map[sd->bl.m].name, 16);
+        WFIFOB(char_fd, 26) = online;
+        WFIFOW(char_fd, 27) = sd->status.base_level;
+        WFIFOSET(char_fd, 29);
     }
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("party: change map\n");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// パーティー解散�求
-int intif_break_party (int party_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3026;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 6);
+//      PRINTF("party: change map\n");
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ会話�信
-int intif_party_message (int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
+int intif_party_message(int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
 {
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif_party_message: %s\n",mes);
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3027;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = len + 12;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 8) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 12), mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, len + 12);
+//      PRINTF("intif_party_message: %s\n",mes);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3027;
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 2) = len + 12;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 4) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 8) = account_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 12), mes, len);
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, len + 12);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ競��ェック�求
-int intif_party_checkconflict (int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3028;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = party_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 10), nick, 24);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 34);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド作��求
-int intif_guild_create (const char *name, const struct guild_member *master)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, master);
-
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3030;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = sizeof (struct guild_member) + 32;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = master->account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 8), name, 24);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 32), master, sizeof (struct guild_member));
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド情報�求
-int intif_guild_request_info (int guild_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3031;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 6);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�追加�求
-int intif_guild_addmember (int guild_id, struct guild_member *m)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3032;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = sizeof (struct guild_member) + 8;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 8), m, sizeof (struct guild_member));
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�脱退/追放�求
-int intif_guild_leave (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag,
-                       const char *mes)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3034;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 10) = char_id;
-    WFIFOB (inter_fd, 14) = flag;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 15), mes, 40);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 55);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン��オンライン状�/Lv更新�求
-int intif_guild_memberinfoshort (int guild_id,
-                                 int account_id, int char_id, int online,
-                                 int lv, int class_)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3035;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 10) = char_id;
-    WFIFOB (inter_fd, 14) = online;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 15) = lv;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 17) = class_;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 19);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド解散通知
-int intif_guild_break (int guild_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3036;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 6);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド会話�信
-int intif_guild_message (int guild_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3037;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = len + 12;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 8) = account_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 12), mes, len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, len + 12);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド競��ェック�求
-int intif_guild_checkconflict (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3038;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 10) = char_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 14);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド基本情報変更�求
-int intif_guild_change_basicinfo (int guild_id, int type, const void *data,
-                                  int len)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3039;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = len + 10;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 8) = type;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 10), data, len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, len + 10);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�情報変更�求
-int intif_guild_change_memberinfo (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                   int type, const void *data, int len)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x303a;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = len + 18;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 8) = account_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 12) = char_id;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 16) = type;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 18), data, len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, len + 18);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド役�変更�求
-int intif_guild_position (int guild_id, int idx, struct guild_position *p)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x303b;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = sizeof (struct guild_position) + 12;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 8) = idx;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 12), p, sizeof (struct guild_position));
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドスキルアップ�求
-int intif_guild_skillup (int guild_id, int skill_num, int account_id)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x303c;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = skill_num;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 10) = account_id;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 14);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟/敵対�求
-int intif_guild_alliance (int guild_id1, int guild_id2, int account_id1,
-                          int account_id2, int flag)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x303d;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id1;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 6) = guild_id2;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 10) = account_id1;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 14) = account_id2;
-    WFIFOB (inter_fd, 18) = flag;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 19);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド告知変更�求
-int intif_guild_notice (int guild_id, const char *mes1, const char *mes2)
+int intif_party_checkconflict(int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick)
 {
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x303e;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 2) = guild_id;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 6), mes1, 60);
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 66), mes2, 120);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 186);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドエンブレム変更�求
-int intif_guild_emblem (int guild_id, int len, const char *data)
-{
-    if (guild_id <= 0 || len < 0 || len > 2000)
-        return 0;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x303f;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = len + 12;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 4) = guild_id;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 8) = 0;
-    memcpy (WFIFOP (inter_fd, 12), data, len);
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, len + 12);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-//�在�ギルド城�領ギルドを調�る
-int intif_guild_castle_dataload (int castle_id, int index)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3040;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = castle_id;
-    WFIFOB (inter_fd, 4) = index;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 5);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-//ギルド城�領ギルド変更�求
-int intif_guild_castle_datasave (int castle_id, int index, int value)
-{
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 0) = 0x3041;
-    WFIFOW (inter_fd, 2) = castle_id;
-    WFIFOB (inter_fd, 4) = index;
-    WFIFOL (inter_fd, 5) = value;
-    WFIFOSET (inter_fd, 9);
+    WFIFOW(char_fd, 0) = 0x3028;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 2) = party_id;
+    WFIFOL(char_fd, 6) = account_id;
+    memcpy(WFIFOP(char_fd, 10), nick, 24);
+    WFIFOSET(char_fd, 34);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -528,573 +270,290 @@ int intif_guild_castle_datasave (int castle_id, int index, int value)
 
 // Wisp/Page reception
 static
-int intif_parse_WisMessage (int fd)
+int intif_parse_WisMessage(int fd)
 {                               // rewritten by [Yor]
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf
-            ("intif_parse_wismessage: id: %d, from: %s, to: %s, message: '%s'\n",
-             RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOP (fd, 8), RFIFOP (fd, 32), RFIFOP (fd,
-                                                                      56));
-    sd = map_nick2sd ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 32)); // Searching destination player
-    if (sd != NULL && strcmp (sd->status.name, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 32)) == 0)
+        PRINTF("intif_parse_wismessage: id: %d, from: %s, to: %s, message: '%s'\n",
+             RFIFOL(fd, 4),
+             static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 8)),
+             static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 32)),
+             static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 56)));
+    sd = map_nick2sd((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 32)); // Searching destination player
+    if (sd != NULL && strcmp(sd->status.name, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 32)) == 0)
     {                           // exactly same name (inter-server have checked the name before)
         // if player ignore all
         if (sd->ignoreAll == 1)
-            intif_wis_replay (RFIFOL (fd, 4), 2);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+            intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(fd, 4), 2);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
         else
         {
-            const char *wisp_source = (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 8);   // speed up
+            const char *wisp_source = (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 8);   // speed up
             // if player ignore the source character
-            for (i = 0; i < (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0]));
+            for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(sd->ignore) / sizeof(sd->ignore[0]));
                  i++)
-                if (strcmp (sd->ignore[i].name, wisp_source) == 0)
+                if (strcmp(sd->ignore[i].name, wisp_source) == 0)
                 {
-                    intif_wis_replay (RFIFOL (fd, 4), 2);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+                    intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(fd, 4), 2);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
                     break;
                 }
             // if source player not found in ignore list
-            if (i == (sizeof (sd->ignore) / sizeof (sd->ignore[0])))
+            if (i == (sizeof(sd->ignore) / sizeof(sd->ignore[0])))
             {
-                clif_wis_message (sd->fd, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 56),
-                                  RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 56);
-                intif_wis_replay (RFIFOL (fd, 4), 0);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+                clif_wis_message(sd->fd, (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 56),
+                                  RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 56);
+                intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(fd, 4), 0);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
             }
         }
     }
     else
-        intif_wis_replay (RFIFOL (fd, 4), 1);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+        intif_wis_replay(RFIFOL(fd, 4), 1);   // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
     return 0;
 }
 
 // Wisp/page transmission result reception
 static
-int intif_parse_WisEnd (int fd)
+int intif_parse_WisEnd(int fd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif_parse_wisend: player: %s, flag: %d\n", RFIFOP (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 26)); // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
-    sd = map_nick2sd ((const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 2));
+        // flag: 0: success to send wisper, 1: target character is not loged in?, 2: ignored by target
+        PRINTF("intif_parse_wisend: player: %s, flag: %d\n",
+                static_cast<const char *>(RFIFOP(fd, 2)), RFIFOB(fd, 26));
+    sd = map_nick2sd((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 2));
     if (sd != NULL)
-        clif_wis_end (sd->fd, RFIFOB (fd, 26));
+        clif_wis_end(sd->fd, RFIFOB(fd, 26));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // Received wisp message from map-server via char-server for ALL gm
 static
-int mapif_parse_WisToGM (int fd)
+int mapif_parse_WisToGM(int fd)
 {                               // 0x3003/0x3803 <packet_len>.w <wispname>.24B <min_gm_level>.w <message>.?B
-    int  i, min_gm_level, len;
+    int i, min_gm_level, len;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd;
     char Wisp_name[24];
     char mbuf[255];
 
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 30 <= 0)
+    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 30 <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    len = RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 30;
-    char *message = ((len) >= 255) ? (char *) malloc (len) : mbuf;
+    len = RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 30;
+    char *message = ((len) >= 255) ? (char *) malloc(len) : mbuf;
 
-    min_gm_level = (int) RFIFOW (fd, 28);
-    memcpy (Wisp_name, RFIFOP (fd, 4), 24);
+    min_gm_level = (int) RFIFOW(fd, 28);
+    memcpy(Wisp_name, RFIFOP(fd, 4), 24);
     Wisp_name[23] = '\0';
-    memcpy (message, RFIFOP (fd, 30), len);
+    memcpy(message, RFIFOP(fd, 30), len);
     message[len - 1] = '\0';
     // information is sended to all online GM
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
-            if (pc_isGM (pl_sd) >= min_gm_level)
-                clif_wis_message (i, Wisp_name, message,
-                                  strlen (message) + 1);
+            if (pc_isGM(pl_sd) >= min_gm_level)
+                clif_wis_message(i, Wisp_name, message,
+                                  strlen(message) + 1);
 
     if (message != mbuf)
-        free (message);
+        free(message);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // アカウント変数通知
 static
-int intif_parse_AccountReg (int fd)
+int intif_parse_AccountReg(int fd)
 {
-    int  j, p;
+    int j, p;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    if ((sd = map_id2sd (RFIFOL (fd, 4))) == NULL)
+    if ((sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 4))) == NULL)
         return 1;
-    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW (fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM;
+    for (p = 8, j = 0; p < RFIFOW(fd, 2) && j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM;
          p += 36, j++)
     {
-        memcpy (sd->status.account_reg[j].str, RFIFOP (fd, p), 32);
-        sd->status.account_reg[j].value = RFIFOL (fd, p + 32);
+        memcpy(sd->status.account_reg[j].str, RFIFOP(fd, p), 32);
+        sd->status.account_reg[j].value = RFIFOL(fd, p + 32);
     }
     sd->status.account_reg_num = j;
-//  printf("intif: accountreg\n");
+//  PRINTF("intif: accountreg\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ�信
 static
-int intif_parse_LoadStorage (int fd)
+int intif_parse_LoadStorage(int fd)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+    sd = map_id2sd(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif_parse_LoadStorage: user not found %d\n",
-                    RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+            PRINTF("intif_parse_LoadStorage: user not found %d\n",
+                    RFIFOL(fd, 4));
         return 1;
     }
-    stor = account2storage (RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+    stor = account2storage(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
     if (stor->storage_status == 1)
     {                           // Already open.. lets ignore this update
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf
-                ("intif_parse_LoadStorage: storage received for a client already open (User %d:%d)\n",
+            PRINTF("intif_parse_LoadStorage: storage received for a client already open (User %d:%d)\n",
                  sd->status.account_id, sd->status.char_id);
         return 1;
     }
     if (stor->dirty)
     {                           // Already have storage, and it has been modified and not saved yet! Exploit! [Skotlex]
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf
-                ("intif_parse_LoadStorage: received storage for an already modified non-saved storage! (User %d:%d)\n",
+            PRINTF("intif_parse_LoadStorage: received storage for an already modified non-saved storage! (User %d:%d)\n",
                  sd->status.account_id, sd->status.char_id);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 8 != sizeof (struct storage))
+    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 8 != sizeof(struct storage))
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif_parse_LoadStorage: data size error %d %d\n",
-                    RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 8, sizeof (struct storage));
+            PRINTF("intif_parse_LoadStorage: data size error %d %zu\n",
+                    RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 8, sizeof(struct storage));
         return 1;
     }
     if (battle_config.save_log)
-        printf ("intif_openstorage: %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-    memcpy (stor, RFIFOP (fd, 8), sizeof (struct storage));
+        PRINTF("intif_openstorage: %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+    memcpy(stor, RFIFOP(fd, 8), sizeof(struct storage));
     stor->dirty = 0;
     stor->storage_status = 1;
-    sd->state.storage_flag = 1;
-    clif_storageitemlist (sd, stor);
-    clif_storageequiplist (sd, stor);
-    clif_updatestorageamount (sd, stor);
+    sd->state.storage_open = 1;
+    clif_storageitemlist(sd, stor);
+    clif_storageequiplist(sd, stor);
+    clif_updatestorageamount(sd, stor);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 倉庫データ�信�功
 static
-int intif_parse_SaveStorage (int fd)
+int intif_parse_SaveStorage(int fd)
 {
     if (battle_config.save_log)
-        printf ("intif_savestorage: done %d %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                RFIFOB (fd, 6));
-    storage_storage_saved (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage (int fd)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gstor;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  guild_id;
-
-    guild_id = RFIFOL (fd, 8);
-    if (guild_id > 0)
-    {
-        gstor = guild2storage (guild_id);
-        if (!gstor)
-        {
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf
-                    ("intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage: error guild_id %d not exist\n",
-                     guild_id);
-            return 1;
-        }
-        if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12 != sizeof (struct guild_storage))
-        {
-            gstor->storage_status = 0;
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf
-                    ("intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage: data size error %d %d\n",
-                     RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12, sizeof (struct guild_storage));
-            return 1;
-        }
-        sd = map_id2sd (RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-        if (sd == NULL)
-        {
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage: user not found %d\n",
-                        RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-            return 1;
-        }
-        if (gstor->storage_status == 1)
-        {                       // Already open.. lets ignore this update
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf
-                    ("intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage: storage received for a client already open (User %d:%d)\n",
-                     sd->status.account_id, sd->status.char_id);
-            return 1;
-        }
-        if (gstor->dirty)
-        {                       // Already have storage, and it has been modified and not saved yet! Exploit! [Skotlex]
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf
-                    ("intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage: received storage for an already modified non-saved storage! (User %d:%d)\n",
-                     sd->status.account_id, sd->status.char_id);
-            return 1;
-        }
-        if (battle_config.save_log)
-            printf ("intif_open_guild_storage: %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-        memcpy (gstor, RFIFOP (fd, 12), sizeof (struct guild_storage));
-        gstor->storage_status = 1;
-        sd->state.storage_flag = 2;
-        clif_guildstorageitemlist (sd, gstor);
-        clif_guildstorageequiplist (sd, gstor);
-        clif_updateguildstorageamount (sd, gstor);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int intif_parse_SaveGuildStorage (int fd)
-{
-    if (battle_config.save_log)
-    {
-        printf ("intif_save_guild_storage: done %d %d %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOB (fd, 10));
-    }
-    storage_guild_storagesaved ( /*RFIFOL(fd,2), */ RFIFOL (fd, 6));
+        PRINTF("intif_savestorage: done %d %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                RFIFOB(fd, 6));
+    storage_storage_saved(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ作���
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyCreated (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyCreated(int fd)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif: party created\n");
-    party_created (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 7),
-                   (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 11));
+        PRINTF("intif: party created\n");
+    party_created(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOB(fd, 6), RFIFOL(fd, 7),
+                   (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 11));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ情報
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyInfo (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyInfo(int fd)
 {
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 8)
+    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) == 8)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif: party noinfo %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-        party_recv_noinfo (RFIFOL (fd, 4));
+            PRINTF("intif: party noinfo %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 4));
+        party_recv_noinfo(RFIFOL(fd, 4));
         return 0;
     }
 
-//  printf("intif: party info %d\n",RFIFOL(fd,4));
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) != sizeof (struct party) + 4)
+//  PRINTF("intif: party info %d\n",RFIFOL(fd,4));
+    if (RFIFOW(fd, 2) != sizeof(struct party) + 4)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif: party info : data size error %d %d %d\n",
-                    RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2),
-                    sizeof (struct party) + 4);
+            PRINTF("intif: party info : data size error %d %d %zu\n",
+                    RFIFOL(fd, 4), RFIFOW(fd, 2),
+                    sizeof(struct party) + 4);
     }
-    party_recv_info ((struct party *) RFIFOP (fd, 4));
+    party_recv_info(static_cast<const struct party *>(RFIFOP(fd, 4)));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ追加通知
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded(int fd)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif: party member added %d %d %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOB (fd, 10));
-    party_member_added (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOB (fd, 10));
+        PRINTF("intif: party member added %d %d %d\n", RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOB(fd, 10));
+    party_member_added(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOB(fd, 10));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ設定変更通知
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged(int fd)
 {
-    party_optionchanged (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOW (fd, 10),
-                         RFIFOW (fd, 12), RFIFOB (fd, 14));
+    party_optionchanged(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6), RFIFOW(fd, 10),
+                         RFIFOW(fd, 12), RFIFOB(fd, 14));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ脱退通知
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(int fd)
 {
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif: party member leaved %d %d %s\n", RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                RFIFOL (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10));
-    party_member_leaved (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10));
+        PRINTF("intif: party member leaved %d %d %s\n", RFIFOL(fd, 2),
+                RFIFOL(fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 10));
+    party_member_leaved(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 10));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ解散通知
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyBroken (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyBroken(int fd)
 {
-    party_broken (RFIFOL (fd, 2));
+    party_broken(RFIFOL(fd, 2));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ移動通知
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyMove (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyMove(int fd)
 {
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif: party move %d %d %s %d %d\n",RFIFOL(fd,2),RFIFOL(fd,6),RFIFOP(fd,10),RFIFOB(fd,26),RFIFOW(fd,27));
-    party_recv_movemap (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 10),
-                        RFIFOB (fd, 26), RFIFOW (fd, 27));
+//      PRINTF("intif: party move %d %d %s %d %d\n",RFIFOL(fd,2),RFIFOL(fd,6),RFIFOP(fd,10),RFIFOB(fd,26),RFIFOW(fd,27));
+    party_recv_movemap(RFIFOL(fd, 2), RFIFOL(fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 10),
+                        RFIFOB(fd, 26), RFIFOW(fd, 27));
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティメッセージ
 static
-int intif_parse_PartyMessage (int fd)
+int intif_parse_PartyMessage(int fd)
 {
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif_parse_PartyMessage: %s\n",RFIFOP(fd,12));
-    party_recv_message (RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 12),
-                        RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12);
+//      PRINTF("intif_parse_PartyMessage: %s\n",RFIFOP(fd,12));
+    party_recv_message(RFIFOL(fd, 4), RFIFOL(fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 12),
+                        RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 12);
     return 0;
 }
 
-// ギルド作���
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildCreated (int fd)
-{
-    guild_created (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド情報
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildInfo (int fd)
-{
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) == 8)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif: guild noinfo %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-        guild_recv_noinfo (RFIFOL (fd, 4));
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif: guild info %d\n",RFIFOL(fd,4));
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) != sizeof (struct guild) + 4)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif: guild info : data size error\n %d %d %d",
-                    RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2),
-                    sizeof (struct guild) + 4);
-    }
-    guild_recv_info ((struct guild *) RFIFOP (fd, 4));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�追加通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildMemberAdded (int fd)
-{
-    if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("intif: guild member added %d %d %d %d\n", RFIFOL (fd, 2),
-                RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10), RFIFOB (fd, 14));
-    guild_member_added (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                        RFIFOB (fd, 14));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�脱退/追放通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildMemberLeaved (int fd)
-{
-    guild_member_leaved (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                         RFIFOB (fd, 14), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 55), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 15));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�オンライン状態/Lv変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildMemberInfoShort (int fd)
-{
-    guild_recv_memberinfoshort (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6),
-                                RFIFOL (fd, 10), RFIFOB (fd, 14), RFIFOW (fd,
-                                                                          15),
-                                RFIFOW (fd, 17));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド解散通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildBroken (int fd)
-{
-    guild_broken (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 6));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド基本情報変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildBasicInfoChanged (int fd)
-{
-    int  type = RFIFOW (fd, 8), guild_id = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-    void *data = RFIFOP (fd, 10);
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    short dw = *((short *) data);
-    int  dd = *((int *) data);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case GBI_EXP:
-            g->exp = dd;
-            break;
-        case GBI_GUILDLV:
-            g->guild_lv = dw;
-            break;
-        case GBI_SKILLPOINT:
-            g->skill_point = dd;
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドメン�情報変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildMemberInfoChanged (int fd)
-{
-    int  type = RFIFOW (fd, 16), guild_id = RFIFOL (fd, 4);
-    int  account_id = RFIFOL (fd, 8), char_id = RFIFOL (fd, 12);
-    void *data = RFIFOP (fd, 18);
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    int  idx, dd = *((int *) data);
-    if (g == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    idx = guild_getindex (g, account_id, char_id);
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case GMI_POSITION:
-            g->member[idx].position = dd;
-            guild_memberposition_changed (g, idx, dd);
-            break;
-        case GMI_EXP:
-            g->member[idx].exp = dd;
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド役�変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildPosition (int fd)
-{
-    if (RFIFOW (fd, 2) != sizeof (struct guild_position) + 12)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("intif: guild info : data size error\n %d %d %d",
-                    RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOW (fd, 2),
-                    sizeof (struct guild_position) + 12);
-    }
-    guild_position_changed (RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8),
-                            (struct guild_position *) RFIFOP (fd, 12));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドスキル割り振り通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildSkillUp (int fd)
-{
-    guild_skillupack (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド�盟/敵対通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildAlliance (int fd)
-{
-    guild_allianceack (RFIFOL (fd, 2), RFIFOL (fd, 6), RFIFOL (fd, 10),
-                       RFIFOL (fd, 14), RFIFOB (fd, 18), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 19),
-                       (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 43));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド告知変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildNotice (int fd)
-{
-    guild_notice_changed (RFIFOL (fd, 2), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 6), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 66));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルドエンブレム変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildEmblem (int fd)
-{
-    guild_emblem_changed (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12, RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8),
-                          (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 12));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド会話�信
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildMessage (int fd)
-{
-    guild_recv_message (RFIFOL (fd, 4), RFIFOL (fd, 8), (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 12),
-                        RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 12);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ�求返信
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildCastleDataLoad (int fd)
-{
-    return guild_castledataloadack (RFIFOW (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 4),
-                                    RFIFOL (fd, 5));
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ変更通知
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildCastleDataSave (int fd)
-{
-    return guild_castledatasaveack (RFIFOW (fd, 2), RFIFOB (fd, 4),
-                                    RFIFOL (fd, 5));
-}
-
-// ギルド城データ一括�信(�期化時)
-static
-int intif_parse_GuildCastleAllDataLoad (int fd)
-{
-    return guild_castlealldataload (RFIFOW (fd, 2),
-                                    (struct guild_castle *) RFIFOP (fd, 4));
-}
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------
 // inter server�ら�通信
 // エラー��れ�0(false)を返���
 // パケット�処���れ�1,パケット長�足り��れ�2を返���
-int intif_parse (int fd)
+int intif_parse(int fd)
 {
-    int  packet_len;
-    int  cmd = RFIFOW (fd, 0);
+    int packet_len;
+    int cmd = RFIFOW(fd, 0);
     // パケット�ID確�
     if (cmd < 0x3800
         || cmd >=
-        0x3800 + (sizeof (packet_len_table) / sizeof (packet_len_table[0]))
+        0x3800 + (sizeof(packet_len_table) / sizeof(packet_len_table[0]))
         || packet_len_table[cmd - 0x3800] == 0)
     {
         return 0;
@@ -1103,13 +562,13 @@ int intif_parse (int fd)
     packet_len = packet_len_table[cmd - 0x3800];
     if (packet_len == -1)
     {
-        if (RFIFOREST (fd) < 4)
+        if (RFIFOREST(fd) < 4)
             return 2;
-        packet_len = RFIFOW (fd, 2);
+        packet_len = RFIFOW(fd, 2);
     }
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("intif_parse %d %x %d %d\n",fd,cmd,packet_len,RFIFOREST(fd));
-    if (RFIFOREST (fd) < packet_len)
+//      PRINTF("intif_parse %d %x %d %d\n",fd,cmd,packet_len,RFIFOREST(fd));
+    if (RFIFOREST(fd) < packet_len)
     {
         return 2;
     }
@@ -1117,118 +576,59 @@ int intif_parse (int fd)
     switch (cmd)
     {
         case 0x3800:
-            clif_GMmessage (NULL, (const char *)RFIFOP (fd, 4), packet_len - 4, 0);
+            clif_GMmessage(NULL,
+                    const_string((const char *)RFIFOP(fd, 4),
+                        (packet_len - 4) - 1), 0);
             break;
         case 0x3801:
-            intif_parse_WisMessage (fd);
+            intif_parse_WisMessage(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3802:
-            intif_parse_WisEnd (fd);
+            intif_parse_WisEnd(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3803:
-            mapif_parse_WisToGM (fd);
+            mapif_parse_WisToGM(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3804:
-            intif_parse_AccountReg (fd);
+            intif_parse_AccountReg(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3810:
-            intif_parse_LoadStorage (fd);
+            intif_parse_LoadStorage(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3811:
-            intif_parse_SaveStorage (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3818:
-            intif_parse_LoadGuildStorage (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3819:
-            intif_parse_SaveGuildStorage (fd);
+            intif_parse_SaveStorage(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3820:
-            intif_parse_PartyCreated (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyCreated(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3821:
-            intif_parse_PartyInfo (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyInfo(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3822:
-            intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMemberAdded(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3823:
-            intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyOptionChanged(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3824:
-            intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMemberLeaved(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3825:
-            intif_parse_PartyMove (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMove(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3826:
-            intif_parse_PartyBroken (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyBroken(fd);
             break;
         case 0x3827:
-            intif_parse_PartyMessage (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3830:
-            intif_parse_GuildCreated (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3831:
-            intif_parse_GuildInfo (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3832:
-            intif_parse_GuildMemberAdded (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3834:
-            intif_parse_GuildMemberLeaved (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3835:
-            intif_parse_GuildMemberInfoShort (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3836:
-            intif_parse_GuildBroken (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3837:
-            intif_parse_GuildMessage (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3839:
-            intif_parse_GuildBasicInfoChanged (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x383a:
-            intif_parse_GuildMemberInfoChanged (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x383b:
-            intif_parse_GuildPosition (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x383c:
-            intif_parse_GuildSkillUp (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x383d:
-            intif_parse_GuildAlliance (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x383e:
-            intif_parse_GuildNotice (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x383f:
-            intif_parse_GuildEmblem (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3840:
-            intif_parse_GuildCastleDataLoad (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3841:
-            intif_parse_GuildCastleDataSave (fd);
-            break;
-        case 0x3842:
-            intif_parse_GuildCastleAllDataLoad (fd);
+            intif_parse_PartyMessage(fd);
             break;
-            //case 0x3880:  intif_parse_CreateP.et(fd); break;
-            //case 0x3881:  intif_parse_RecvP.etData(fd); break;
-            //case 0x3882:  intif_parse_SaveP.etOk(fd); break;
-            //case 0x3883:  intif_parse_DeleteP.etOk(fd); break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("intif_parse : unknown packet %d %x\n", fd,
-                        RFIFOW (fd, 0));
+                PRINTF("intif_parse : unknown packet %d %x\n", fd,
+                        RFIFOW(fd, 0));
             return 0;
     }
     // パケット読�飛��
-    RFIFOSKIP (fd, packet_len);
+    RFIFOSKIP(fd, packet_len);
     return 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/intif.hpp b/src/map/intif.hpp
index fcca523..25f69e3 100644
--- a/src/map/intif.hpp
+++ b/src/map/intif.hpp
@@ -1,56 +1,31 @@
-// $Id: intif.h,v 1.2 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef INTIF_HPP
 #define INTIF_HPP
 
-int  intif_parse (int fd);
-
-int  intif_GMmessage (const char *mes, int len, int flag);
-
-int  intif_wis_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, const char *mes,
-                        int mes_len);
-int  intif_wis_message_to_gm (const char *Wisp_name, int min_gm_level, const char *mes,
-                              int mes_len);
-
-int  intif_saveaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  intif_request_accountreg (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  intif_request_storage (int account_id);
-int  intif_send_storage (struct storage *stor);
-int  intif_request_guild_storage (int account_id, int guild_id);
-int  intif_send_guild_storage (int account_id, struct guild_storage *gstor);
-
-int  intif_create_party (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
-int  intif_request_partyinfo (int party_id);
-int  intif_party_addmember (int party_id, int account_id);
-int  intif_party_changeoption (int party_id, int account_id, int exp,
-                               int item);
-int  intif_party_leave (int party_id, int accound_id);
-int  intif_party_changemap (struct map_session_data *sd, int online);
-int  intif_break_party (int party_id);
-int  intif_party_message (int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
-int  intif_party_checkconflict (int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick);
-
-int  intif_guild_create (const char *name, const struct guild_member *master);
-int  intif_guild_request_info (int guild_id);
-int  intif_guild_addmember (int guild_id, struct guild_member *m);
-int  intif_guild_leave (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id, int flag,
-                        const char *mes);
-int  intif_guild_memberinfoshort (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                  int online, int lv, int class_);
-int  intif_guild_break (int guild_id);
-int  intif_guild_message (int guild_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
-int  intif_guild_checkconflict (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id);
-int  intif_guild_change_basicinfo (int guild_id, int type, const void *data,
-                                   int len);
-int  intif_guild_change_memberinfo (int guild_id, int account_id, int char_id,
-                                    int type, const void *data, int len);
-int  intif_guild_position (int guild_id, int idx, struct guild_position *p);
-int  intif_guild_skillup (int guild_id, int skill_num, int account_id);
-int  intif_guild_alliance (int guild_id1, int guild_id2, int account_id1,
-                           int account_id2, int flag);
-int  intif_guild_notice (int guild_id, const char *mes1, const char *mes2);
-int  intif_guild_emblem (int guild_id, int len, const char *data);
-int  intif_guild_castle_dataload (int castle_id, int index);
-int  intif_guild_castle_datasave (int castle_id, int index, int value);
-
-#endif
+#include "../common/const_array.hpp"
+
+int intif_parse(int fd);
+
+void intif_GMmessage(const_string mes, int flag);
+
+int intif_wis_message(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *nick, const char *mes,
+        int mes_len);
+int intif_wis_message_to_gm(const char *Wisp_name, int min_gm_level, const char *mes,
+        int mes_len);
+
+int intif_saveaccountreg(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int intif_request_accountreg(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int intif_request_storage(int account_id);
+int intif_send_storage(struct storage *stor);
+
+int intif_create_party(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
+int intif_request_partyinfo(int party_id);
+int intif_party_addmember(int party_id, int account_id);
+int intif_party_changeoption(int party_id, int account_id, int exp,
+        int item);
+int intif_party_leave(int party_id, int accound_id);
+int intif_party_changemap(struct map_session_data *sd, int online);
+int intif_party_message(int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
+int intif_party_checkconflict(int party_id, int account_id, const char *nick);
+
+#endif // INTIF_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/itemdb.cpp b/src/map/itemdb.cpp
index 03e59d6..f60dc53 100644
--- a/src/map/itemdb.cpp
+++ b/src/map/itemdb.cpp
@@ -1,164 +1,80 @@
-// $Id: itemdb.c,v 1.3 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include "itemdb.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/grfio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
-#include "battle.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#define MAX_RANDITEM	2000
+constexpr int MAX_RANDITEM = 2000;
 
 // ** ITEMDB_OVERRIDE_NAME_VERBOSE **
 //   定義�る��itemdb.txt�grf����異�る場��表示���.
 //#define ITEMDB_OVERRIDE_NAME_VERBOSE  1
 
-static struct dbt *item_db;
-
-static struct random_item_data blue_box[MAX_RANDITEM],
-    violet_box[MAX_RANDITEM], card_album[MAX_RANDITEM],
-    gift_box[MAX_RANDITEM], scroll[MAX_RANDITEM];
-static int blue_box_count = 0, violet_box_count = 0, card_album_count =
-    0, gift_box_count = 0, scroll_count = 0;
-static int blue_box_default = 0, violet_box_default = 0, card_album_default =
-    0, gift_box_default = 0, scroll_default = 0;
+static
+Map<int, struct item_data> item_db;
 
 // Function declarations
 
-static void itemdb_read (void);
-static int itemdb_readdb (void);
-static int itemdb_read_randomitem (void);
-static int itemdb_read_itemavail (void);
-static int itemdb_read_itemnametable (void);
-static int itemdb_read_noequip (void);
-
-/*==========================================
- * ���検索用
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-// name = item alias, so we should find items aliases first. if not found then look for "jname" (full name)
 static
-void itemdb_searchname_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct item_data *item = (struct item_data *) data, **dst;
-    char *str;
-    str = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    dst = va_arg (ap, struct item_data **);
-//  if( strcasecmp(item->name,str)==0 || strcmp(item->jname,str)==0 ||
-//      memcmp(item->name,str,24)==0 || memcmp(item->jname,str,24)==0 )
-    if (strcasecmp (item->name, str) == 0) //by lupus
-        *dst = item;
-}
+void itemdb_read(void);
+static
+int itemdb_readdb(void);
+static
+int itemdb_read_itemavail(void);
+static
+int itemdb_read_noequip(void);
 
 /*==========================================
  * ���検索用
  *------------------------------------------
  */
+// name = item alias, so we should find items aliases first. if not found then look for "jname" (full name)
 static
-int itemdb_searchjname_sub (void *key, void *data, va_list ap)
+void itemdb_searchname_sub(struct item_data *item, const char *str, struct item_data **dst)
 {
-    struct item_data *item = (struct item_data *) data, **dst;
-    char *str;
-    str = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    dst = va_arg (ap, struct item_data **);
-    if (strcasecmp (item->jname, str) == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(item->name, str) == 0) //by lupus
         *dst = item;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ���検索
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct item_data *itemdb_searchname (const char *str)
+struct item_data *itemdb_searchname(const char *str)
 {
     struct item_data *item = NULL;
-    numdb_foreach (item_db, itemdb_searchname_sub, str, &item);
+    for (auto& pair : item_db)
+        itemdb_searchname_sub(&pair.second, str, &item);
     return item;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * 箱系アイテム検索
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int itemdb_searchrandomid (int flags)
-{
-    int  nameid = 0, i, index, count;
-    struct random_item_data *list = NULL;
-
-    struct
-    {
-        int  nameid, count;
-        struct random_item_data *list;
-    } data[] =
-    {
-        {
-        0, 0, NULL},
-        {
-        blue_box_default, blue_box_count, blue_box},
-        {
-        violet_box_default, violet_box_count, violet_box},
-        {
-        card_album_default, card_album_count, card_album},
-        {
-        gift_box_default, gift_box_count, gift_box},
-        {
-    scroll_default, scroll_count, scroll},};
-
-    if (flags >= 1 && flags <= 5)
-    {
-        nameid = data[flags].nameid;
-        count = data[flags].count;
-        list = data[flags].list;
-
-        if (count > 0)
-        {
-            for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
-            {
-                index = MRAND (count);
-                if (MRAND (1000000) < list[index].per)
-                {
-                    nameid = list[index].nameid;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return nameid;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * DB�存在確�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct item_data *itemdb_exists (int nameid)
+struct item_data *itemdb_exists(int nameid)
 {
-    return (struct item_data *)numdb_search (item_db, nameid);
+    return item_db.search(nameid);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * DB�検索
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct item_data *itemdb_search (int nameid)
+struct item_data *itemdb_search(int nameid)
 {
-    struct item_data *id = (struct item_data *)numdb_search (item_db, nameid);
+    struct item_data *id = item_db.search(nameid);
     if (id)
         return id;
 
-    id = (struct item_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct item_data));
-    numdb_insert (item_db, nameid, id);
+    id = item_db.init(nameid);
 
     id->nameid = nameid;
     id->value_buy = 10;
@@ -173,21 +89,21 @@ struct item_data *itemdb_search (int nameid)
     id->view_id = 0;
 
     if (nameid > 500 && nameid < 600)
-        id->type = 0;           //heal item
+        id->type = ItemType::USE;
     else if (nameid > 600 && nameid < 700)
-        id->type = 2;           //use item
+        id->type = ItemType::_2;
     else if ((nameid > 700 && nameid < 1100) ||
              (nameid > 7000 && nameid < 8000))
-        id->type = 3;           //correction
+        id->type = ItemType::JUNK;
     else if (nameid >= 1750 && nameid < 1771)
-        id->type = 10;          //arrow
+        id->type = ItemType::ARROW;
     else if (nameid > 1100 && nameid < 2000)
-        id->type = 4;           //weapon
+        id->type = ItemType::WEAPON;
     else if ((nameid > 2100 && nameid < 3000) ||
              (nameid > 5000 && nameid < 6000))
-        id->type = 5;           //armor
+        id->type = ItemType::ARMOR;
     else if (nameid > 4000 && nameid < 5000)
-        id->type = 6;           //card
+        id->type = ItemType::_6;
 
     return id;
 }
@@ -196,135 +112,85 @@ struct item_data *itemdb_search (int nameid)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int itemdb_isequip (int nameid)
+int itemdb_isequip(int nameid)
 {
-    int  type = itemdb_type (nameid);
-    if (type == 0 || type == 2 || type == 3 || type == 6 || type == 10)
-        return 0;
-    return 1;
+    ItemType type = itemdb_type(nameid);
+    return !(type == ItemType::USE
+        || type == ItemType::_2
+        || type == ItemType::JUNK
+        || type == ItemType::_6
+        || type == ItemType::ARROW);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int itemdb_isequip2 (struct item_data *data)
+int itemdb_isequip2(struct item_data *data)
 {
-    if (data)
-    {
-        int  type = data->type;
-        if (type == 0 || type == 2 || type == 3 || type == 6 || type == 10)
-            return 0;
-        else
-            return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int itemdb_isequip3 (int nameid)
-{
-    int  type = itemdb_type (nameid);
-    if (type == 4 || type == 5 || type == 8)
-        return 1;
-    return 0;
+    if (!data)
+        return false;
+    ItemType type = data->type;
+    return !(type == ItemType::USE
+        || type == ItemType::_2
+        || type == ItemType::JUNK
+        || type == ItemType::_6
+        || type == ItemType::ARROW);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * ��られるアイテム�1������アイテム�0
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int itemdb_isdropable (int nameid)
-{
-    //�婚指輪���られ��
-    switch (nameid)
-    {
-        case 2634:             //�婚指輪
-        case 2635:             //�婚指輪
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-//
-// �期化
-//
-/*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int itemdb_read_itemslottable (void)
+int itemdb_isequip3(int nameid)
 {
-    char *buf, *p;
-    size_t s;
-
-    buf = (char *)grfio_reads ("data\\itemslottable.txt", &s);
-    if (buf == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    buf[s] = 0;
-    for (p = buf; p - buf < s;)
-    {
-        int  nameid, equip;
-        sscanf (p, "%d#%d#", &nameid, &equip);
-        itemdb_search (nameid)->equip = equip;
-        p = strchr (p, 10);
-        if (!p)
-            break;
-        p++;
-        p = strchr (p, 10);
-        if (!p)
-            break;
-        p++;
-    }
-    free (buf);
-
-    return 0;
+    ItemType type = itemdb_type(nameid);
+    return (type == ItemType::WEAPON
+        || type == ItemType::ARMOR
+        || type == ItemType::_8);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * アイテムデータベース�読�込�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int itemdb_readdb (void)
+static
+int itemdb_readdb(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024];
-    int  ln = 0, lines = 0;
-    int  nameid, j;
+    int ln = 0, lines = 0;
+    int nameid, j;
     char *str[32], *p, *np;
     struct item_data *id;
-    int  i = 0;
+    int i = 0;
     const char *filename[] = { "db/item_db.txt", "db/item_db2.txt" };
 
     for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
     {
 
-        fp = fopen_ (filename[i], "r");
+        fp = fopen_(filename[i], "r");
         if (fp == NULL)
         {
             if (i > 0)
                 continue;
-            printf ("can't read %s\n", filename[i]);
-            exit (1);
+            PRINTF("can't read %s\n", filename[i]);
+            exit(1);
         }
 
         lines = 0;
-        while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+        while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
         {
             lines++;
             if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
                 continue;
-            memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
+            memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
             for (j = 0, np = p = line; j < 17 && p; j++)
             {
                 while (*p == '\t' || *p == ' ')
                     p++;
                 str[j] = p;
-                p = strchr (p, ',');
+                p = strchr(p, ',');
                 if (p)
                 {
                     *p++ = 0;
@@ -334,18 +200,18 @@ static int itemdb_readdb (void)
             if (str[0] == NULL)
                 continue;
 
-            nameid = atoi (str[0]);
+            nameid = atoi(str[0]);
             if (nameid <= 0 || nameid >= 20000)
                 continue;
             ln++;
 
             //ID,Name,Jname,Type,Price,Sell,Weight,ATK,DEF,Range,Slot,Job,Gender,Loc,wLV,eLV,View
-            id = itemdb_search (nameid);
-            memcpy (id->name, str[1], 24);
-            memcpy (id->jname, str[2], 24);
-            id->type = atoi (str[3]);
-            id->value_buy = atoi (str[4]);
-            id->value_sell = atoi (str[5]);
+            id = itemdb_search(nameid);
+            memcpy(id->name, str[1], 24);
+            memcpy(id->jname, str[2], 24);
+            id->type = ItemType(atoi(str[3]));
+            id->value_buy = atoi(str[4]);
+            id->value_sell = atoi(str[5]);
             if (id->value_buy == 0 && id->value_sell == 0)
             {
             }
@@ -357,17 +223,17 @@ static int itemdb_readdb (void)
             {
                 id->value_sell = id->value_buy / 2;
             }
-            id->weight = atoi (str[6]);
-            id->atk = atoi (str[7]);
-            id->def = atoi (str[8]);
-            id->range = atoi (str[9]);
-            id->magic_bonus = atoi (str[10]);
-            id->slot = atoi (str[11]);
-            id->sex = atoi (str[12]);
-            id->equip = atoi (str[13]);
-            id->wlv = atoi (str[14]);
-            id->elv = atoi (str[15]);
-            id->look = atoi (str[16]);
+            id->weight = atoi(str[6]);
+            id->atk = atoi(str[7]);
+            id->def = atoi(str[8]);
+            id->range = atoi(str[9]);
+            id->magic_bonus = atoi(str[10]);
+            id->slot = atoi(str[11]);
+            id->sex = atoi(str[12]);
+            id->equip = EPOS(atoi(str[13]));
+            id->wlv = atoi(str[14]);
+            id->elv = atoi(str[15]);
+            id->look = static_cast<ItemLook>(atoi(str[16]));
             id->flag.available = 1;
             id->flag.value_notdc = 0;
             id->flag.value_notoc = 0;
@@ -376,16 +242,16 @@ static int itemdb_readdb (void)
             id->use_script = NULL;
             id->equip_script = NULL;
 
-            if ((p = strchr (np, '{')) == NULL)
+            if ((p = strchr(np, '{')) == NULL)
                 continue;
-            id->use_script = parse_script (p, lines);
+            id->use_script = parse_script(p, lines);
 
-            if ((p = strchr (p + 1, '{')) == NULL)
+            if ((p = strchr(p + 1, '{')) == NULL)
                 continue;
-            id->equip_script = parse_script (p, lines);
+            id->equip_script = parse_script(p, lines);
         }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        printf ("read %s done (count=%d)\n", filename[i], ln);
+        fclose_(fp);
+        PRINTF("read %s done (count=%d)\n", filename[i], ln);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -393,124 +259,34 @@ static int itemdb_readdb (void)
 // Removed item_value_db, don't re-add!
 
 /*==========================================
- * ランダムアイテム出�データ�読�込�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int itemdb_read_randomitem (void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024];
-    int  ln = 0;
-    int  nameid, i, j;
-    char *str[10], *p;
-
-    const struct
-    {
-        char filename[64];
-        struct random_item_data *pdata;
-        int *pcount, *pdefault;
-    } data[] =
-    {
-        {
-        "db/item_bluebox.txt", blue_box, &blue_box_count,
-                &blue_box_default},
-        {
-        "db/item_violetbox.txt", violet_box, &violet_box_count,
-                &violet_box_default},
-        {
-        "db/item_cardalbum.txt", card_album, &card_album_count,
-                &card_album_default},
-        {
-        "db/item_giftbox.txt", gift_box, &gift_box_count,
-                &gift_box_default},
-        {
-    "db/item_scroll.txt", scroll, &scroll_count, &scroll_default},};
-
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof (data) / sizeof (data[0]); i++)
-    {
-        struct random_item_data *pd = data[i].pdata;
-        int *pc = data[i].pcount;
-        int *pdefault = data[i].pdefault;
-        const char *fn = data[i].filename;
-
-        *pdefault = 0;
-        if ((fp = fopen_ (fn, "r")) == NULL)
-        {
-            printf ("can't read %s\n", fn);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-        {
-            if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-                continue;
-            memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
-            for (j = 0, p = line; j < 3 && p; j++)
-            {
-                str[j] = p;
-                p = strchr (p, ',');
-                if (p)
-                    *p++ = 0;
-            }
-
-            if (str[0] == NULL)
-                continue;
-
-            nameid = atoi (str[0]);
-            if (nameid < 0 || nameid >= 20000)
-                continue;
-            if (nameid == 0)
-            {
-                if (str[2])
-                    *pdefault = atoi (str[2]);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (str[2])
-            {
-                pd[*pc].nameid = nameid;
-                pd[(*pc)++].per = atoi (str[2]);
-            }
-
-            if (ln >= MAX_RANDITEM)
-                break;
-            ln++;
-        }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        printf ("read %s done (count=%d)\n", fn, *pc);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * アイテム使用�能フラグ�オー�ーライド
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int itemdb_read_itemavail (void)
+static
+int itemdb_read_itemavail(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024];
-    int  ln = 0;
-    int  nameid, j, k;
+    int ln = 0;
+    int nameid, j, k;
     char *str[10], *p;
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ ("db/item_avail.txt", "r")) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = fopen_("db/item_avail.txt", "r")) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("can't read db/item_avail.txt\n");
+        PRINTF("can't read db/item_avail.txt\n");
         return -1;
     }
 
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+    while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
     {
         struct item_data *id;
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
             continue;
-        memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
+        memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
         for (j = 0, p = line; j < 2 && p; j++)
         {
             str[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
+            p = strchr(p, ',');
             if (p)
                 *p++ = 0;
         }
@@ -518,10 +294,10 @@ static int itemdb_read_itemavail (void)
         if (str[0] == NULL)
             continue;
 
-        nameid = atoi (str[0]);
-        if (nameid < 0 || nameid >= 20000 || !(id = itemdb_exists (nameid)))
+        nameid = atoi(str[0]);
+        if (nameid < 0 || nameid >= 20000 || !(id = itemdb_exists(nameid)))
             continue;
-        k = atoi (str[1]);
+        k = atoi(str[1]);
         if (k > 0)
         {
             id->flag.available = 1;
@@ -531,92 +307,8 @@ static int itemdb_read_itemavail (void)
             id->flag.available = 0;
         ln++;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/item_avail.txt done (count=%d)\n", ln);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * アイテム���テーブルを読�込む
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int itemdb_read_itemnametable (void)
-{
-    char *buf, *p;
-    size_t s;
-
-    buf = (char *)grfio_reads ("data\\idnum2itemdisplaynametable.txt", &s);
-
-    if (buf == NULL)
-        return -1;
-
-    buf[s] = 0;
-    for (p = buf; p - buf < s;)
-    {
-        int  nameid;
-        char buf2[64];
-
-        if (sscanf (p, "%d#%[^#]#", &nameid, buf2) == 2)
-        {
-
-#ifdef ITEMDB_OVERRIDE_NAME_VERBOSE
-            if (itemdb_exists (nameid) &&
-                strncmp (itemdb_search (nameid)->jname, buf2, 24) != 0)
-            {
-                printf ("[override] %d %s => %s\n", nameid,
-                        itemdb_search (nameid)->jname, buf2);
-            }
-#endif
-
-            memcpy (itemdb_search (nameid)->jname, buf2, 24);
-        }
-
-        p = strchr (p, 10);
-        if (!p)
-            break;
-        p++;
-    }
-    free (buf);
-    printf ("read data\\idnum2itemdisplaynametable.txt done.\n");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カードイラスト�リソース��テーブルを読�込む
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int itemdb_read_cardillustnametable (void)
-{
-    char *buf, *p;
-    size_t s;
-
-    buf = (char *)grfio_reads ("data\\num2cardillustnametable.txt", &s);
-
-    if (buf == NULL)
-        return -1;
-
-    buf[s] = 0;
-    for (p = buf; p - buf < s;)
-    {
-        int  nameid;
-        char buf2[64];
-
-        if (sscanf (p, "%d#%[^#]#", &nameid, buf2) == 2)
-        {
-            strcat (buf2, ".bmp");
-            memcpy (itemdb_search (nameid)->cardillustname, buf2, 64);
-//          printf("%d %s\n",nameid,itemdb_search(nameid)->cardillustname);
-        }
-
-        p = strchr (p, 10);
-        if (!p)
-            break;
-        p++;
-    }
-    free (buf);
-    printf ("read data\\num2cardillustnametable.txt done.\n");
-
+    fclose_(fp);
+    PRINTF("read db/item_avail.txt done (count=%d)\n", ln);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -624,46 +316,47 @@ static int itemdb_read_cardillustnametable (void)
  * 装備制�ファイル読�出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int itemdb_read_noequip (void)
+static
+int itemdb_read_noequip(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024];
-    int  ln = 0;
-    int  nameid, j;
+    int ln = 0;
+    int nameid, j;
     char *str[32], *p;
     struct item_data *id;
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ ("db/item_noequip.txt", "r")) == NULL)
+    if ((fp = fopen_("db/item_noequip.txt", "r")) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("can't read db/item_noequip.txt\n");
+        PRINTF("can't read db/item_noequip.txt\n");
         return -1;
     }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+    while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
     {
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
             continue;
-        memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
+        memset(str, 0, sizeof(str));
         for (j = 0, p = line; j < 2 && p; j++)
         {
             str[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
+            p = strchr(p, ',');
             if (p)
                 *p++ = 0;
         }
         if (str[0] == NULL)
             continue;
 
-        nameid = atoi (str[0]);
-        if (nameid <= 0 || nameid >= 20000 || !(id = itemdb_exists (nameid)))
+        nameid = atoi(str[0]);
+        if (nameid <= 0 || nameid >= 20000 || !(id = itemdb_exists(nameid)))
             continue;
 
-        id->flag.no_equip = atoi (str[1]);
+        id->flag.no_equip = atoi(str[1]);
 
         ln++;
 
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/item_noequip.txt done (count=%d)\n", ln);
+    fclose_(fp);
+    PRINTF("read db/item_noequip.txt done (count=%d)\n", ln);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -671,20 +364,16 @@ static int itemdb_read_noequip (void)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void itemdb_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+static
+void itemdb_final(struct item_data *id)
 {
-    struct item_data *id;
-
-    nullpo_retv (id = (struct item_data *)data);
-
     if (id->use_script)
-        free (const_cast<ScriptCode *>(id->use_script));
+        free(const_cast<ScriptCode *>(id->use_script));
     if (id->equip_script)
-        free (const_cast<ScriptCode *>(id->equip_script));
-    free (id);
+        free(const_cast<ScriptCode *>(id->equip_script));
 }
 
-void itemdb_reload (void)
+void itemdb_reload(void)
 {
     /*
      *
@@ -693,34 +382,34 @@ void itemdb_reload (void)
      *
      */
 
-    do_init_itemdb ();
+    do_init_itemdb();
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void do_final_itemdb (void)
+void do_final_itemdb(void)
 {
-    if (item_db)
-    {
-        numdb_final (item_db, itemdb_final);
-        item_db = NULL;
-    }
+    for (auto& pair : item_db)
+        itemdb_final(&pair.second);
+    item_db.clear();
 }
 
 /*
-static FILE *dfp;
-static int itemdebug(void *key,void *data,va_list ap){
-//	struct item_data *id=(struct item_data *)data;
-	fprintf(dfp,"%6d",(int)key);
-	return 0;
+static
+FILE *dfp;
+static
+int itemdebug(void *key,void *data,_va_list ap){
+//      struct item_data *id=(struct item_data *)data;
+        FPRINTF(dfp,"%6d", (int)key);
+        return 0;
 }
 void itemdebugtxt()
 {
-	dfp=fopen_("itemdebug.txt","wt");
-	numdb_foreach(item_db,itemdebug);
-	fclose_(dfp);
+        dfp=fopen_("itemdebug.txt","wt");
+        numdb_foreach(item_db,itemdebug);
+        fclose_(dfp);
 }
 */
 
@@ -728,27 +417,19 @@ void itemdebugtxt()
  * Removed item_value_db, don't re-add
  *------------------------------------
  */
-static void itemdb_read (void)
+static
+void itemdb_read(void)
 {
-    itemdb_read_itemslottable ();
-    itemdb_readdb ();
-    itemdb_read_randomitem ();
-    itemdb_read_itemavail ();
-    itemdb_read_noequip ();
-    itemdb_read_cardillustnametable ();
-    if (!battle_config.item_name_override_grffile)
-        itemdb_read_itemnametable ();
+    itemdb_readdb();
+    itemdb_read_itemavail();
+    itemdb_read_noequip();
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init_itemdb (void)
+void do_init_itemdb(void)
 {
-    item_db = numdb_init ();
-
-    itemdb_read ();
-
-    return 0;
+    itemdb_read();
 }
diff --git a/src/map/itemdb.hpp b/src/map/itemdb.hpp
index e03892d..279c7a8 100644
--- a/src/map/itemdb.hpp
+++ b/src/map/itemdb.hpp
@@ -1,31 +1,32 @@
-// $Id: itemdb.h,v 1.3 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef ITEMDB_HPP
 #define ITEMDB_HPP
 
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+
+#include "map.t.hpp"
 #include "script.hpp"
 
 struct item_data
 {
-    int  nameid;
+    int nameid;
     char name[24], jname[24];
     char prefix[24], suffix[24];
     char cardillustname[64];
-    int  value_buy;
-    int  value_sell;
-    int  type;
-    int  sex;
-    int  equip;
-    int  weight;
-    int  atk;
-    int  def;
-    int  range;
-    int  magic_bonus;
-    int  slot;
-    int  look;
-    int  elv;
-    int  wlv;
-    int  refine;
+    int value_buy;
+    int value_sell;
+    ItemType type;
+    int sex;
+    EPOS equip;
+    int weight;
+    int atk;
+    int def;
+    int range;
+    int magic_bonus;
+    int slot;
+    ItemLook look;
+    int elv;
+    int wlv;
+    int refine;
     const ScriptCode *use_script;
     const ScriptCode *equip_script;
     struct
@@ -37,47 +38,78 @@ struct item_data
         unsigned no_drop:1;
         unsigned no_use:1;
     } flag;
-    int  view_id;
+    int view_id;
 };
 
 struct random_item_data
 {
-    int  nameid;
-    int  per;
+    int nameid;
+    int per;
 };
 
-struct item_data *itemdb_searchname (const char *name);
-struct item_data *itemdb_search (int nameid);
-struct item_data *itemdb_exists (int nameid);
-#define itemdb_type(n) itemdb_search(n)->type
-#define itemdb_atk(n) itemdb_search(n)->atk
-#define itemdb_def(n) itemdb_search(n)->def
-#define itemdb_look(n) itemdb_search(n)->look
-#define itemdb_weight(n) itemdb_search(n)->weight
-#define itemdb_equip(n) itemdb_search(n)->equip
-#define itemdb_usescript(n) itemdb_search(n)->use_script
-#define itemdb_equipscript(n) itemdb_search(n)->equip_script
-#define itemdb_wlv(n) itemdb_search(n)->wlv
-#define itemdb_range(n) itemdb_search(n)->range
-#define itemdb_slot(n) itemdb_search(n)->slot
-#define	itemdb_available(n) (itemdb_exists(n) && itemdb_search(n)->flag.available)
-#define	itemdb_viewid(n) (itemdb_search(n)->view_id)
+struct item_data *itemdb_searchname(const char *name);
+struct item_data *itemdb_search(int nameid);
+struct item_data *itemdb_exists(int nameid);
 
-int  itemdb_searchrandomid (int flags);
+inline
+ItemType itemdb_type(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->type;
+}
+inline
+ItemLook itemdb_look(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->look;
+}
+inline
+int itemdb_weight(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->weight;
+}
+inline
+const ScriptCode *itemdb_equipscript(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->equip_script;
+}
+inline
+int itemdb_wlv(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->wlv;
+}
+inline
+bool itemdb_available(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_exists(n) && itemdb_search(n)->flag.available;
+}
+inline
+int itemdb_viewid(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->view_id;
+}
 
-#define itemdb_value_buy(n) itemdb_search(n)->value_buy
-#define itemdb_value_sell(n) itemdb_search(n)->value_sell
-#define itemdb_value_notdc(n) itemdb_search(n)->flag.value_notdc
-#define itemdb_value_notoc(n) itemdb_search(n)->flag.value_notoc
+inline
+int itemdb_value_sell(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->value_sell;
+}
+inline
+int itemdb_value_notdc(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->flag.value_notdc;
+}
+inline
+int itemdb_value_notoc(int n)
+{
+    return itemdb_search(n)->flag.value_notoc;
+}
 
-int  itemdb_isequip (int);
-int  itemdb_isequip2 (struct item_data *);
-int  itemdb_isequip3 (int);
-int  itemdb_isdropable (int nameid);
+int itemdb_isequip(int);
+int itemdb_isequip2(struct item_data *);
+int itemdb_isequip3(int);
 
-void itemdb_reload (void);
+void itemdb_reload(void);
 
-void do_final_itemdb (void);
-int  do_init_itemdb (void);
+void do_final_itemdb(void);
+void do_init_itemdb(void);
 
-#endif
+#endif // ITEMDB_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/magic-expr-eval.hpp b/src/map/magic-expr-eval.hpp
index a08b964..d6decd9 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-expr-eval.hpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-expr-eval.hpp
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-#ifndef MAGIC_EXPR_EVAL
-#define MAGIC_EXPR_EVAL
+#ifndef MAGIC_EXPR_EVAL_HPP
+#define MAGIC_EXPR_EVAL_HPP
 
-/* Helper definitions for dealing with functions and operations */
+#include "../common/utils2.hpp"
+
+#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
 
-static int heading_x[8] = { 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
-static int heading_y[8] = { 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1 };
+/* Helper definitions for dealing with functions and operations */
 
-int magic_signature_check (const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *signature,
-                           int args_nr, val_t * args, int line, int column);
+int magic_signature_check(const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *signature,
+        int args_nr, val_t *args, int line, int column);
 
-void
-magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
-                 area_t * area);
+void magic_area_rect(int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
+        area_t *area);
 
 #define ARGINT(x) args[x].v.v_int
-#define ARGDIR(x) args[x].v.v_int
+#define ARGDIR(x) args[x].v.v_dir
 #define ARGSTR(x) args[x].v.v_string
 #define ARGENTITY(x) args[x].v.v_entity
 #define ARGLOCATION(x) args[x].v.v_location
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
 #define ARGINVOCATION(x) args[x].v.v_invocation
 
 #define RESULTINT result->v.v_int
-#define RESULTDIR result->v.v_int
+#define RESULTDIR result->v.v_dir
 #define RESULTSTR result->v.v_string
 #define RESULTENTITY result->v.v_entity
 #define RESULTLOCATION result->v.v_location
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
 #define RESULTSPELL result->v.v_spell
 #define RESULTINVOCATION result->v.v_invocation
 
-#define TY(x) args[x].ty
-#define ETY(x) ARGENTITY(x)->type
+#define ARG_TYPE(x) args[x].ty
+#define ENTITY_TYPE(x) ARGENTITY(x)->type
 
 #define ARGPC(x)  ((struct map_session_data *)ARGENTITY(x))
 #define ARGNPC(x)  ((struct map_session_data *)ARGENTITY(x))
 #define ARGMOB(x)  ((struct map_session_data *)ARGENTITY(x))
 
-#define ARG_MAY_BE_AREA(x) (TY(x) == TY_AREA || TY(x) == TY_LOCATION)
+#define ARG_MAY_BE_AREA(x) (ARG_TYPE(x) == TYPE::AREA || ARG_TYPE(x) == TYPE::LOCATION)
 
-#endif /* !defined(MAGIC_EXPR_EVAL) */
+#endif // MAGIC_EXPR_EVAL_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/magic-expr.cpp b/src/map/magic-expr.cpp
index 4b4e3a3..4a72a38 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-expr.cpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-expr.cpp
@@ -1,47 +1,49 @@
-#include "magic-expr.hpp"
 #include "magic-expr-eval.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include <math.h>
+#include "magic-expr.hpp"
+#include "magic-interpreter-aux.hpp"
 
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
 
-#define IS_SOLID(c) ((c) == 1 || (c) == 5)
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 
-int map_is_solid (int m, int x, int y)
-{
-    return (IS_SOLID (map_getcell (m, x, y)));
-}
+#include "battle.hpp"
+#include "npc.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
+#include "itemdb.hpp"
 
-#undef IS_SOLID
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-static void free_area (area_t * area)
+static
+void free_area(area_t *area)
 {
     if (!area)
         return;
 
     switch (area->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_UNION:
-            free_area (area->a.a_union[0]);
-            free_area (area->a.a_union[1]);
+        case AREA::UNION:
+            free_area(area->a.a_union[0]);
+            free_area(area->a.a_union[1]);
             break;
         default:
             break;
     }
 
-    free (area);
+    free(area);
 }
 
-static area_t *dup_area (area_t * area)
+static
+area_t *dup_area(area_t *area)
 {
-    area_t *retval = (area_t *)malloc (sizeof (area_t));
+    area_t *retval = (area_t *)malloc(sizeof(area_t));
     *retval = *area;
 
     switch (area->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_UNION:
-            retval->a.a_union[0] = dup_area (retval->a.a_union[0]);
-            retval->a.a_union[1] = dup_area (retval->a.a_union[1]);
+        case AREA::UNION:
+            retval->a.a_union[0] = dup_area(retval->a.a_union[0]);
+            retval->a.a_union[1] = dup_area(retval->a.a_union[1]);
             break;
         default:
             break;
@@ -50,17 +52,17 @@ static area_t *dup_area (area_t * area)
     return retval;
 }
 
-void magic_copy_var (val_t * dest, val_t * src)
+void magic_copy_var(val_t *dest, val_t *src)
 {
     *dest = *src;
 
     switch (dest->ty)
     {
-        case TY_STRING:
-            dest->v.v_string = strdup (dest->v.v_string);
+        case TYPE::STRING:
+            dest->v.v_string = strdup(dest->v.v_string);
             break;
-        case TY_AREA:
-            dest->v.v_area = dup_area (dest->v.v_area);
+        case TYPE::AREA:
+            dest->v.v_area = dup_area(dest->v.v_area);
             break;
         default:
             break;
@@ -68,15 +70,15 @@ void magic_copy_var (val_t * dest, val_t * src)
 
 }
 
-void magic_clear_var (val_t * v)
+void magic_clear_var(val_t *v)
 {
     switch (v->ty)
     {
-        case TY_STRING:
-            free (v->v.v_string);
+        case TYPE::STRING:
+            free(v->v.v_string);
             break;
-        case TY_AREA:
-            free_area (v->v.v_area);
+        case TYPE::AREA:
+            free_area(v->v.v_area);
             break;
         default:
             break;
@@ -84,116 +86,120 @@ void magic_clear_var (val_t * v)
 }
 
 static
-const char *show_entity (entity_t * entity)
+const char *show_entity(entity_t *entity)
 {
     switch (entity->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
+        case BL::PC:
             return ((struct map_session_data *) entity)->status.name;
-        case BL_NPC:
+        case BL::NPC:
             return ((struct npc_data *) entity)->name;
-        case BL_MOB:
+        case BL::MOB:
             return ((struct mob_data *) entity)->name;
-        case BL_ITEM:
+        case BL::ITEM:
             /* Sorry about this one... */
             return ((struct item_data
                      *) (&((struct flooritem_data *) entity)->
                          item_data))->name;
-        case BL_SKILL:
-            return "%skill";
-        case BL_SPELL:
+        case BL::SPELL:
             return "%invocation(ERROR:this-should-not-be-an-entity)";
         default:
             return "%unknown-entity";
     }
 }
 
-static void stringify (val_t * v, int within_op)
+static
+void stringify(val_t *v, int within_op)
 {
     static const char *dirs[8] =
-        { "south", "south-west", "west", "north-west", "north", "north-east",
+    {
+        "south", "south-west",
+        "west", "north-west",
+        "north", "north-east",
         "east", "south-east"
     };
-    char *buf;
+    std::string buf;
 
     switch (v->ty)
     {
-        case TY_UNDEF:
-            buf = strdup ("UNDEF");
+        case TYPE::UNDEF:
+            buf = "UNDEF";
             break;
 
-        case TY_INT:
-            buf = (char *)malloc (32);
-            sprintf (buf, "%i", v->v.v_int);
+        case TYPE::INT:
+            buf = STRPRINTF("%i", v->v.v_int);
             break;
 
-        case TY_STRING:
+        case TYPE::STRING:
             return;
 
-        case TY_DIR:
-            buf = strdup (dirs[v->v.v_int]);
+        case TYPE::DIR:
+            buf = dirs[v->v.v_int];
             break;
 
-        case TY_ENTITY:
-            buf = strdup (show_entity (v->v.v_entity));
+        case TYPE::ENTITY:
+            buf = show_entity(v->v.v_entity);
             break;
 
-        case TY_LOCATION:
-            buf = (char *) malloc (128);
-            sprintf (buf, "<\"%s\", %d, %d>", map[v->v.v_location.m].name,
-                     v->v.v_location.x, v->v.v_location.y);
+        case TYPE::LOCATION:
+            buf = STRPRINTF("<\"%s\", %d, %d>",
+                    map[v->v.v_location.m].name,
+                    v->v.v_location.x,
+                    v->v.v_location.y);
             break;
 
-        case TY_AREA:
-            buf = strdup ("%area");
-            free_area (v->v.v_area);
+        case TYPE::AREA:
+            buf = "%area";
+            free_area(v->v.v_area);
             break;
 
-        case TY_SPELL:
-            buf = strdup (v->v.v_spell->name);
+        case TYPE::SPELL:
+            buf = v->v.v_spell->name;
             break;
 
-        case TY_INVOCATION:
+        case TYPE::INVOCATION:
         {
             invocation_t *invocation = within_op
-                ? v->v.v_invocation : (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (v->v.v_int);
-            buf = strdup (invocation->spell->name);
+                ? v->v.v_invocation
+                : (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(v->v.v_int);
+            buf = invocation->spell->name;
         }
             break;
 
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr, "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: Cannot stringify %d\n",
-                     v->ty);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: Cannot stringify %d\n",
+                    v->ty);
             return;
     }
 
-    v->v.v_string = buf;
-    v->ty = TY_STRING;
+    v->v.v_string = strdup(buf.c_str());
+    v->ty = TYPE::STRING;
 }
 
-static void intify (val_t * v)
+static
+void intify(val_t *v)
 {
-    if (v->ty == TY_INT)
+    if (v->ty == TYPE::INT)
         return;
 
-    magic_clear_var (v);
-    v->ty = TY_INT;
+    magic_clear_var(v);
+    v->ty = TYPE::INT;
     v->v.v_int = 1;
 }
 
 static
-area_t *area_new (int ty)
+area_t *area_new(AREA ty)
 {
     area_t *retval;
-    CREATE (retval, area_t, 1);
+    CREATE(retval, area_t, 1);
     retval->ty = ty;
     return retval;
 }
 
 static
-area_t *area_union (area_t * area, area_t * other_area)
+area_t *area_union(area_t *area, area_t *other_area)
 {
-    area_t *retval = area_new (AREA_UNION);
+    area_t *retval = area_new(AREA::UNION);
     retval->a.a_union[0] = area;
     retval->a.a_union[1] = other_area;
     retval->size = area->size + other_area->size;   /* Assume no overlap */
@@ -203,256 +209,277 @@ area_t *area_union (area_t * area, area_t * other_area)
 /**
  * Turns location into area, leaves other types untouched
  */
-static void make_area (val_t * v)
+static
+void make_area(val_t *v)
 {
-    if (v->ty == TY_LOCATION)
+    if (v->ty == TYPE::LOCATION)
     {
-        area_t *a = (area_t *)malloc (sizeof (area_t));
-        v->ty = TY_AREA;
-        a->ty = AREA_LOCATION;
+        area_t *a = (area_t *)malloc(sizeof(area_t));
+        v->ty = TYPE::AREA;
+        a->ty = AREA::LOCATION;
         a->a.a_loc = v->v.v_location;
         v->v.v_area = a;
     }
 }
 
-static void make_location (val_t * v)
+static
+void make_location(val_t *v)
 {
-    if (v->ty == TY_AREA && v->v.v_area->ty == AREA_LOCATION)
+    if (v->ty == TYPE::AREA && v->v.v_area->ty == AREA::LOCATION)
     {
         location_t location = v->v.v_area->a.a_loc;
-        free_area (v->v.v_area);
-        v->ty = TY_LOCATION;
+        free_area(v->v.v_area);
+        v->ty = TYPE::LOCATION;
         v->v.v_location = location;
     }
 }
 
-static void make_spell (val_t * v)
+static
+void make_spell(val_t *v)
 {
-    if (v->ty == TY_INVOCATION)
+    if (v->ty == TYPE::INVOCATION)
     {
         invocation_t *invoc = v->v.v_invocation;    //(invocation_t *) map_id2bl(v->v.v_int);
         if (!invoc)
-            v->ty = TY_FAIL;
+            v->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
         else
         {
-            v->ty = TY_SPELL;
+            v->ty = TYPE::SPELL;
             v->v.v_spell = invoc->spell;
         }
     }
 }
 
-static int fun_add (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_add(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (TY (0) == TY_INT && TY (1) == TY_INT)
+    if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::INT && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::INT)
     {
         /* Integer addition */
-        RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) + ARGINT (1);
-        result->ty = TY_INT;
+        RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) + ARGINT(1);
+        result->ty = TYPE::INT;
     }
-    else if (ARG_MAY_BE_AREA (0) && ARG_MAY_BE_AREA (1))
+    else if (ARG_MAY_BE_AREA(0) && ARG_MAY_BE_AREA(1))
     {
         /* Area union */
-        make_area (&args[0]);
-        make_area (&args[1]);
-        RESULTAREA = area_union (ARGAREA (0), ARGAREA (1));
-        ARGAREA (0) = NULL;
-        ARGAREA (1) = NULL;
-        result->ty = TY_AREA;
+        make_area(&args[0]);
+        make_area(&args[1]);
+        RESULTAREA = area_union(ARGAREA(0), ARGAREA(1));
+        ARGAREA(0) = NULL;
+        ARGAREA(1) = NULL;
+        result->ty = TYPE::AREA;
     }
     else
     {
         /* Anything else -> string concatenation */
-        stringify (&args[0], 1);
-        stringify (&args[1], 1);
+        stringify(&args[0], 1);
+        stringify(&args[1], 1);
         /* Yes, we could speed this up. */
         RESULTSTR =
-            (char *) malloc (1 + strlen (ARGSTR (0)) + strlen (ARGSTR (1)));
-        strcpy (RESULTSTR, ARGSTR (0));
-        strcat (RESULTSTR, ARGSTR (1));
-        result->ty = TY_STRING;
+            (char *) malloc(1 + strlen(ARGSTR(0)) + strlen(ARGSTR(1)));
+        strcpy(RESULTSTR, ARGSTR(0));
+        strcat(RESULTSTR, ARGSTR(1));
+        result->ty = TYPE::STRING;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_sub (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_sub(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) - ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) - ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_mul (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_mul(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) * ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) * ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_div (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_div(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (!ARGINT (1))
+    if (!ARGINT(1))
         return 1;               /* division by zero */
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) / ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) / ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_mod (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_mod(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (!ARGINT (1))
+    if (!ARGINT(1))
         return 1;               /* division by zero */
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) % ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) % ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_or (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_or(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) || ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) || ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_and (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_and(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) && ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) && ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_not (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_not(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = !ARGINT (0);
+    RESULTINT = !ARGINT(0);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_neg (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_neg(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ~ARGINT (0);
+    RESULTINT = ~ARGINT(0);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_gte (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_gte(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (TY (0) == TY_STRING || TY (1) == TY_STRING)
+    if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::STRING || ARG_TYPE(1) ==  TYPE::STRING)
     {
-        stringify (&args[0], 1);
-        stringify (&args[1], 1);
-        RESULTINT = strcmp (ARGSTR (0), ARGSTR (1)) >= 0;
+        stringify(&args[0], 1);
+        stringify(&args[1], 1);
+        RESULTINT = strcmp(ARGSTR(0), ARGSTR(1)) >= 0;
     }
     else
     {
-        intify (&args[0]);
-        intify (&args[1]);
-        RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) >= ARGINT (1);
+        intify(&args[0]);
+        intify(&args[1]);
+        RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) >= ARGINT(1);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_gt (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_gt(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (TY (0) == TY_STRING || TY (1) == TY_STRING)
+    if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::STRING || ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::STRING)
     {
-        stringify (&args[0], 1);
-        stringify (&args[1], 1);
-        RESULTINT = strcmp (ARGSTR (0), ARGSTR (1)) > 0;
+        stringify(&args[0], 1);
+        stringify(&args[1], 1);
+        RESULTINT = strcmp(ARGSTR(0), ARGSTR(1)) > 0;
     }
     else
     {
-        intify (&args[0]);
-        intify (&args[1]);
-        RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) > ARGINT (1);
+        intify(&args[0]);
+        intify(&args[1]);
+        RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) > ARGINT(1);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_eq (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_eq(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (TY (0) == TY_STRING || TY (1) == TY_STRING)
+    if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::STRING || ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::STRING)
     {
-        stringify (&args[0], 1);
-        stringify (&args[1], 1);
-        RESULTINT = strcmp (ARGSTR (0), ARGSTR (1)) == 0;
+        stringify(&args[0], 1);
+        stringify(&args[1], 1);
+        RESULTINT = strcmp(ARGSTR(0), ARGSTR(1)) == 0;
     }
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_DIR && TY (1) == TY_DIR)
-        RESULTINT = ARGDIR (0) == ARGDIR (1);
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_ENTITY && TY (1) == TY_ENTITY)
-        RESULTINT = ARGENTITY (0) == ARGENTITY (1);
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_LOCATION && TY (1) == TY_LOCATION)
-        RESULTINT = (ARGLOCATION (0).x == ARGLOCATION (1).x
-                     && ARGLOCATION (0).y == ARGLOCATION (1).y
-                     && ARGLOCATION (0).m == ARGLOCATION (1).m);
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_AREA && TY (1) == TY_AREA)
-        RESULTINT = ARGAREA (0) == ARGAREA (1); /* Probably not that great an idea... */
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_SPELL && TY (1) == TY_SPELL)
-        RESULTINT = ARGSPELL (0) == ARGSPELL (1);
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_INVOCATION && TY (1) == TY_INVOCATION)
-        RESULTINT = ARGINVOCATION (0) == ARGINVOCATION (1);
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::DIR && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::DIR)
+        RESULTINT = ARGDIR(0) == ARGDIR(1);
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::ENTITY && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::ENTITY)
+        RESULTINT = ARGENTITY(0) == ARGENTITY(1);
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::LOCATION && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::LOCATION)
+        RESULTINT = (ARGLOCATION(0).x == ARGLOCATION(1).x
+                     && ARGLOCATION(0).y == ARGLOCATION(1).y
+                     && ARGLOCATION(0).m == ARGLOCATION(1).m);
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::AREA && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::AREA)
+        RESULTINT = ARGAREA(0) == ARGAREA(1); /* Probably not that great an idea... */
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::SPELL && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::SPELL)
+        RESULTINT = ARGSPELL(0) == ARGSPELL(1);
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::INVOCATION && ARG_TYPE(1) == TYPE::INVOCATION)
+        RESULTINT = ARGINVOCATION(0) == ARGINVOCATION(1);
     else
     {
-        intify (&args[0]);
-        intify (&args[1]);
-        RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) == ARGINT (1);
+        intify(&args[0]);
+        intify(&args[1]);
+        RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) == ARGINT(1);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_bitand (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_bitand(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) & ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) & ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_bitor (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_bitor(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) | ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) | ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_bitxor (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_bitxor(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) ^ ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) ^ ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_bitshl (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_bitshl(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) << ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) << ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_bitshr (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_bitshr(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGINT (0) >> ARGINT (1);
+    RESULTINT = ARGINT(0) >> ARGINT(1);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_max (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_max(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = MAX (ARGINT (0), ARGINT (1));
+    RESULTINT = max(ARGINT(0), ARGINT(1));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_min (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_min(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = MIN (ARGINT (0), ARGINT (1));
+    RESULTINT = min(ARGINT(0), ARGINT(1));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_if_then_else (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_if_then_else(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ARGINT (0))
-        magic_copy_var (result, &args[1]);
+    if (ARGINT(0))
+        magic_copy_var(result, &args[1]);
     else
-        magic_copy_var (result, &args[2]);
+        magic_copy_var(result, &args[2]);
     return 0;
 }
 
-void
-magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
-                 area_t * area)
+void magic_area_rect(int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
+                 area_t *area)
 {
     switch (area->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_UNION:
+        case AREA::UNION:
             break;
 
-        case AREA_LOCATION:
+        case AREA::LOCATION:
             *m = area->a.a_loc.m;
             *x = area->a.a_loc.x;
             *y = area->a.a_loc.y;
@@ -460,7 +487,7 @@ magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
             *height = 1;
             break;
 
-        case AREA_RECT:
+        case AREA::RECT:
             *m = area->a.a_rect.loc.m;
             *x = area->a.a_rect.loc.x;
             *y = area->a.a_rect.loc.y;
@@ -468,38 +495,38 @@ magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
             *height = area->a.a_rect.height;
             break;
 
-        case AREA_BAR:
+        case AREA::BAR:
         {
-            int  tx = area->a.a_bar.loc.x;
-            int  ty = area->a.a_bar.loc.y;
-            int  twidth = area->a.a_bar.width;
-            int  tdepth = area->a.a_bar.width;
+            int tx = area->a.a_bar.loc.x;
+            int ty = area->a.a_bar.loc.y;
+            int twidth = area->a.a_bar.width;
+            int tdepth = area->a.a_bar.width;
             *m = area->a.a_bar.loc.m;
 
             switch (area->a.a_bar.dir)
             {
-                case DIR_S:
+                case DIR::S:
                     *x = tx - twidth;
                     *y = ty;
                     *width = twidth * 2 + 1;
                     *height = tdepth;
                     break;
 
-                case DIR_W:
+                case DIR::W:
                     *x = tx - tdepth;
                     *y = ty - twidth;
                     *width = tdepth;
                     *height = twidth * 2 + 1;
                     break;
 
-                case DIR_N:
+                case DIR::N:
                     *x = tx - twidth;
                     *y = ty - tdepth;
                     *width = twidth * 2 + 1;
                     *height = tdepth;
                     break;
 
-                case DIR_E:
+                case DIR::E:
                     *x = tx;
                     *y = ty - twidth;
                     *width = tdepth;
@@ -507,7 +534,7 @@ magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
                     break;
 
                 default:
-                    fprintf (stderr,
+                    FPRINTF(stderr,
                              "Error: Trying to compute area of NE/SE/NW/SW-facing bar");
                     *x = tx;
                     *y = ty;
@@ -518,124 +545,162 @@ magic_area_rect (int *m, int *x, int *y, int *width, int *height,
     }
 }
 
-int magic_location_in_area (int m, int x, int y, area_t * area)
+int magic_location_in_area(int m, int x, int y, area_t *area)
 {
     switch (area->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_UNION:
-            return magic_location_in_area (m, x, y, area->a.a_union[0])
-                || magic_location_in_area (m, x, y, area->a.a_union[1]);
-        case AREA_LOCATION:
-        case AREA_RECT:
-        case AREA_BAR:
+        case AREA::UNION:
+            return magic_location_in_area(m, x, y, area->a.a_union[0])
+                || magic_location_in_area(m, x, y, area->a.a_union[1]);
+        case AREA::LOCATION:
+        case AREA::RECT:
+        case AREA::BAR:
         {
-            int  am;
-            int  ax, ay, awidth, aheight;
-            magic_area_rect (&am, &ax, &ay, &awidth, &aheight, area);
+            int am;
+            int ax, ay, awidth, aheight;
+            magic_area_rect(&am, &ax, &ay, &awidth, &aheight, area);
             return (am == m
                     && (x >= ax) && (y >= ay)
                     && (x < ax + awidth) && (y < ay + aheight));
         }
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr, "INTERNAL ERROR: Invalid area\n");
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "INTERNAL ERROR: Invalid area\n");
             return 0;
     }
 }
 
-static int fun_is_in (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_is_in(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = magic_location_in_area (ARGLOCATION (0).m,
-                                        ARGLOCATION (0).x,
-                                        ARGLOCATION (0).y, ARGAREA (1));
+    RESULTINT = magic_location_in_area(ARGLOCATION(0).m,
+                                        ARGLOCATION(0).x,
+                                        ARGLOCATION(0).y, ARGAREA(1));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_skill (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_skill(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ETY (0) != BL_PC
-        || ARGINT (1) < 0
-        || ARGINT (1) >= MAX_SKILL
-        || ARGPC (0)->status.skill[ARGINT (1)].id != ARGINT (1))
+    if (ENTITY_TYPE(0) != BL::PC
+        // don't convert to enum until after the range check
+        || ARGINT(1) < 0
+        || ARGINT(1) >= uint16_t(MAX_SKILL))
+    {
         RESULTINT = 0;
+    }
     else
-        RESULTINT = ARGPC (0)->status.skill[ARGINT (1)].lv;
+    {
+        SkillID id = static_cast<SkillID>(ARGINT(1));
+        RESULTINT = ARGPC(0)->status.skill[id].lv;
+    }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_has_shroud (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_has_shroud(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = (ETY (0) == BL_PC && ARGPC (0)->state.shroud_active);
+    RESULTINT = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC && ARGPC(0)->state.shroud_active);
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define BATTLE_GETTER(name) static int fun_get_##name(env_t *env, int args_nr, val_t *result, val_t *args) { RESULTINT = battle_get_##name(ARGENTITY(0)); return 0; }
-
-BATTLE_GETTER (str);
-BATTLE_GETTER (agi);
-BATTLE_GETTER (vit);
-BATTLE_GETTER (dex);
-BATTLE_GETTER (luk);
-BATTLE_GETTER (int);
-BATTLE_GETTER (lv);
-BATTLE_GETTER (hp);
-BATTLE_GETTER (mdef);
-BATTLE_GETTER (def);
-BATTLE_GETTER (max_hp);
-BATTLE_GETTER (dir);
+#define BATTLE_GETTER(name)                                     \
+static                                                          \
+int fun_get_##name(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)    \
+{                                                               \
+    RESULTINT = battle_get_##name(ARGENTITY(0));                \
+    return 0;                                                   \
+}
+
+BATTLE_GETTER(str)
+BATTLE_GETTER(agi)
+BATTLE_GETTER(vit)
+BATTLE_GETTER(dex)
+BATTLE_GETTER(luk)
+BATTLE_GETTER(int)
+BATTLE_GETTER(lv)
+BATTLE_GETTER(hp)
+BATTLE_GETTER(mdef)
+BATTLE_GETTER(def)
+BATTLE_GETTER(max_hp)
+static
+int fun_get_dir(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
+{
+    RESULTDIR = battle_get_dir(ARGENTITY(0));
+    return 0;
+}
 
-#define MMO_GETTER(name) static int fun_get_##name(env_t *env, int args_nr, val_t *result, val_t *args) {	\
-                if (ETY(0) == BL_PC)								\
-                	RESULTINT = ARGPC(0)->status.name;					\
-		else										\
-		        RESULTINT = 0;								\
-		return 0; }
+#define MMO_GETTER(name)                                        \
+static                                                          \
+int fun_get_##name(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)    \
+{                                                               \
+    if (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC)                                       \
+        RESULTINT = ARGPC(0)->status.name;                      \
+    else                                                        \
+        RESULTINT = 0;                                          \
+    return 0;                                                   \
+}
 
-MMO_GETTER (sp);
-MMO_GETTER (max_sp);
+MMO_GETTER(sp)
+MMO_GETTER(max_sp)
 
-static int
-fun_name_of (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_name_of(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (TY (0) == TY_ENTITY)
+    if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::ENTITY)
     {
-        RESULTSTR = strdup (show_entity (ARGENTITY (0)));
+        RESULTSTR = strdup(show_entity(ARGENTITY(0)));
         return 0;
     }
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_SPELL)
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::SPELL)
     {
-        RESULTSTR = strdup (ARGSPELL (0)->name);
+        RESULTSTR = strdup(ARGSPELL(0)->name);
         return 0;
     }
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_INVOCATION)
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::INVOCATION)
     {
-        RESULTSTR = strdup (ARGINVOCATION (0)->spell->name);
+        RESULTSTR = strdup(ARGINVOCATION(0)->spell->name);
         return 0;
     }
     return 1;
 }
 
 /* [Freeyorp] I'm putting this one in as name_of seems to have issues with summoned or spawned mobs. */
-static int
-fun_mob_id (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_mob_id(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ETY (0) != BL_MOB) return 1;
-    RESULTINT = ((struct mob_data *) (ARGENTITY(0)))->mob_class;
+    if (ENTITY_TYPE(0) != BL::MOB)
+        return 1;
+    RESULTINT = ((struct mob_data *)(ARGENTITY(0)))->mob_class;
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define COPY_LOCATION(dest, src) (dest).x = (src).x; (dest).y = (src).y; (dest).m = (src).m;
+inline
+void COPY_LOCATION(entity_t& dest, location_t& src)
+{
+    dest.x = src.x;
+    dest.y = src.y;
+    dest.m = src.m;
+}
+
+inline
+void COPY_LOCATION(location_t& dest, entity_t& src)
+{
+    dest.x = src.x;
+    dest.y = src.y;
+    dest.m = src.m;
+}
 
-static int
-fun_location (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_location(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    COPY_LOCATION (RESULTLOCATION, *(ARGENTITY (0)));
+    COPY_LOCATION(RESULTLOCATION, *(ARGENTITY(0)));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_random (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_random(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    int  delta = ARGINT (0);
+    int delta = ARGINT(0);
     if (delta < 0)
         delta = -delta;
     if (delta == 0)
@@ -643,94 +708,98 @@ static int fun_random (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
         RESULTINT = 0;
         return 0;
     }
-    RESULTINT = MRAND (delta);
+    RESULTINT = random_::to(delta);
 
-    if (ARGINT (0) < 0)
+    if (ARGINT(0) < 0)
         RESULTINT = -RESULTINT;
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_random_dir (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_random_dir(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ARGINT (0))
-        RESULTDIR = mt_random () & 0x7;
+    if (ARGINT(0))
+        RESULTDIR = random_::choice({DIR::S, DIR::SW, DIR::W, DIR::NW, DIR::N, DIR::NE, DIR::E, DIR::SE});
     else
-        RESULTDIR = (mt_random () & 0x3) * 2;
+        RESULTDIR = random_::choice({DIR::S, DIR::W, DIR::N, DIR::E});
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_hash_entity (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_hash_entity(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGENTITY (0)->id;
+    RESULTINT = ARGENTITY(0)->id;
     return 0;
 }
 
-int                             // ret -1: not a string, ret 1: no such item, ret 0: OK
-magic_find_item (val_t * args, int index, struct item *item, int *stackable)
+int                            // ret -1: not a string, ret 1: no such item, ret 0: OK
+magic_find_item(val_t *args, int index, struct item *item, int *stackable)
 {
     struct item_data *item_data;
-    int  must_add_sequentially;
+    int must_add_sequentially;
 
-    if (TY (index) == TY_INT)
-        item_data = itemdb_exists (ARGINT (index));
-    else if (TY (index) == TY_STRING)
-        item_data = itemdb_searchname (ARGSTR (index));
+    if (ARG_TYPE(index) == TYPE::INT)
+        item_data = itemdb_exists(ARGINT(index));
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(index) == TYPE::STRING)
+        item_data = itemdb_searchname(ARGSTR(index));
     else
         return -1;
 
     if (!item_data)
         return 1;
 
-    must_add_sequentially = (item_data->type == 4 || item_data->type == 5 || item_data->type == 7 || item_data->type == 8); /* Very elegant. */
+    // Very elegant.
+    must_add_sequentially = (
+            item_data->type == ItemType::WEAPON
+            || item_data->type == ItemType::ARMOR
+            || item_data->type == ItemType::_7
+            || item_data->type == ItemType::_8);
 
     if (stackable)
         *stackable = !must_add_sequentially;
 
-    memset (item, 0, sizeof (struct item));
+    memset(item, 0, sizeof(struct item));
     item->nameid = item_data->nameid;
     item->identify = 1;
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_count_item (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_count_item(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *chr = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
-    int  stackable;
+    character_t *chr = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
+    int stackable;
     struct item item;
 
-    GET_ARG_ITEM (1, item, stackable);
+    GET_ARG_ITEM(1, item, stackable);
 
     if (!chr)
         return 1;
 
-    RESULTINT = pc_count_all_items (chr, item.nameid);
+    RESULTINT = pc_count_all_items(chr, item.nameid);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_is_equipped (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_is_equipped(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *chr = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
-    int  stackable;
+    character_t *chr = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
+    int stackable;
     struct item item;
-    int  i;
-    int  retval = 0;
+    bool retval = false;
 
-    GET_ARG_ITEM (1, item, stackable);
+    GET_ARG_ITEM(1, item, stackable);
 
     if (!chr)
         return 1;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
         if (chr->equip_index[i] >= 0
             && chr->status.inventory[chr->equip_index[i]].nameid ==
             item.nameid)
         {
-            retval = i + 1;
+            retval = true;
             break;
         }
 
@@ -738,48 +807,51 @@ fun_is_equipped (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_is_married (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_is_married(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = (ETY (0) == BL_PC && ARGPC (0)->status.partner_id);
+    RESULTINT = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC && ARGPC(0)->status.partner_id);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_is_dead (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_is_dead(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = (ETY (0) == BL_PC && pc_isdead (ARGPC (0)));
+    RESULTINT = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC && pc_isdead(ARGPC(0)));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_is_pc (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_is_pc(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = (ETY (0) == BL_PC);
+    RESULTINT = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_partner (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_partner(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ETY (0) == BL_PC && ARGPC (0)->status.partner_id)
+    if (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC && ARGPC(0)->status.partner_id)
     {
         RESULTENTITY =
             (entity_t *)
-            map_nick2sd (map_charid2nick (ARGPC (0)->status.partner_id));
+            map_nick2sd(map_charid2nick(ARGPC(0)->status.partner_id));
         return 0;
     }
     else
         return 1;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_awayfrom (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
-{
-    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION (0);
-    int  dx = heading_x[ARGDIR (1)];
-    int  dy = heading_y[ARGDIR (1)];
-    int  distance = ARGINT (2);
-    while (distance-- && !map_is_solid (loc->m, loc->x + dx, loc->y + dy))
+static
+int fun_awayfrom(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
+{
+    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION(0);
+    int dx = dirx[ARGDIR(1)];
+    int dy = diry[ARGDIR(1)];
+    int distance = ARGINT(2);
+    while (distance--
+        && !bool(read_gat(loc->m, loc->x + dx, loc->y + dy)
+            & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
     {
         loc->x += dx;
         loc->y += dy;
@@ -789,101 +861,104 @@ fun_awayfrom (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_failed (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_failed(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = TY (0) == TY_FAIL;
+    RESULTINT = ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::FAIL;
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_npc (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_npc(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTENTITY = (entity_t *) npc_name2id (ARGSTR (0));
+    RESULTENTITY = (entity_t *) npc_name2id(ARGSTR(0));
     return RESULTENTITY == NULL;
 }
 
-static int fun_pc (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_pc(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTENTITY = (entity_t *) map_nick2sd (ARGSTR (0));
+    RESULTENTITY = (entity_t *) map_nick2sd(ARGSTR(0));
     return RESULTENTITY == NULL;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_distance (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_distance(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ARGLOCATION (0).m != ARGLOCATION (1).m)
-        RESULTINT = INT_MAX;
+    if (ARGLOCATION(0).m != ARGLOCATION(1).m)
+        RESULTINT = 0x7fffffff;
     else
-        RESULTINT = MAX (abs (ARGLOCATION (0).x - ARGLOCATION (1).x),
-                         abs (ARGLOCATION (0).y - ARGLOCATION (1).y));
+        RESULTINT = max(abs(ARGLOCATION(0).x - ARGLOCATION(1).x),
+                         abs(ARGLOCATION(0).y - ARGLOCATION(1).y));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_rdistance (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_rdistance(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ARGLOCATION (0).m != ARGLOCATION (1).m)
-        RESULTINT = INT_MAX;
+    if (ARGLOCATION(0).m != ARGLOCATION(1).m)
+        RESULTINT = 0x7fffffff;
     else
     {
-        int  dx = ARGLOCATION (0).x - ARGLOCATION (1).x;
-        int  dy = ARGLOCATION (0).y - ARGLOCATION (1).y;
-        RESULTINT = (int) (sqrt ((dx * dx) + (dy * dy)));
+        int dx = ARGLOCATION(0).x - ARGLOCATION(1).x;
+        int dy = ARGLOCATION(0).y - ARGLOCATION(1).y;
+        RESULTINT = (int)(sqrt((dx * dx) + (dy * dy)));
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_anchor (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_anchor(env_t *env, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    teleport_anchor_t *anchor = magic_find_anchor (ARGSTR (0));
+    teleport_anchor_t *anchor = magic_find_anchor(ARGSTR(0));
 
     if (!anchor)
         return 1;
 
-    magic_eval (env, result, anchor->location);
+    magic_eval(env, result, anchor->location);
 
-    make_area (result);
-    if (result->ty != TY_AREA)
+    make_area(result);
+    if (result->ty != TYPE::AREA)
     {
-        magic_clear_var (result);
+        magic_clear_var(result);
         return 1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_line_of_sight (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_line_of_sight(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
     entity_t e1, e2;
 
-    COPY_LOCATION (e1, ARGLOCATION (0));
-    COPY_LOCATION (e2, ARGLOCATION (1));
+    COPY_LOCATION(e1, ARGLOCATION(0));
+    COPY_LOCATION(e2, ARGLOCATION(1));
 
-    RESULTINT = battle_check_range (&e1, &e2, 0);
+    RESULTINT = battle_check_range(&e1, &e2, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void magic_random_location (location_t * dest, area_t * area)
+void magic_random_location(location_t *dest, area_t *area)
 {
     switch (area->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_UNION:
+        case AREA::UNION:
         {
-            int  rv = MRAND (area->size);
-            if (rv < area->a.a_union[0]->size)
-                magic_random_location (dest, area->a.a_union[0]);
+            if (random_::chance({area->a.a_union[0]->size, area->size}))
+                magic_random_location(dest, area->a.a_union[0]);
             else
-                magic_random_location (dest, area->a.a_union[1]);
+                magic_random_location(dest, area->a.a_union[1]);
             break;
         }
 
-        case AREA_LOCATION:
-        case AREA_RECT:
-        case AREA_BAR:
+        case AREA::LOCATION:
+        case AREA::RECT:
+        case AREA::BAR:
         {
-            int  m, x, y, w, h;
-            magic_area_rect (&m, &x, &y, &w, &h, area);
+            int m, x, y, w, h;
+            magic_area_rect(&m, &x, &y, &w, &h, area);
 
             if (w <= 1)
                 w = 1;
@@ -891,73 +966,49 @@ void magic_random_location (location_t * dest, area_t * area)
             if (h <= 1)
                 h = 1;
 
-            x += MRAND (w);
-            y += MRAND (h);
-
-            if (!map_is_solid (m, x, y))
-            {
-                int  start_x = x;
-                int  start_y = y;
-                int  i;
-                int  initial_dir = mt_random () & 0x7;
-                int  dir = initial_dir;
-
-                /* try all directions, up to a distance to 10, for a free slot */
-                do
-                {
-                    x = start_x;
-                    y = start_y;
-
-                    for (i = 0; i < 10 && map_is_solid (m, x, y); i++)
-                    {
-                        x += heading_x[dir];
-                        y += heading_y[dir];
-                    }
-
-                    dir = (dir + 1) & 0x7;
-                }
-                while (map_is_solid (m, x, y) && dir != initial_dir);
-
-            }
-            /* We've tried our best.  If the map is still solid, the engine will automatically randomise the target location if we try to warp. */
+            // This is not exactly the same as the old logic,
+            // but it's better.
+            auto pair = map_randfreecell(m, x, y, w, h);
 
             dest->m = m;
-            dest->x = x;
-            dest->y = y;
+            dest->x = pair.first;
+            dest->y = pair.second;
             break;
         }
 
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr, "Unknown area type %d\n", area->ty);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "Unknown area type %d\n",
+                    area->ty);
     }
 }
 
-static int
-fun_pick_location (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_pick_location(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    magic_random_location (&result->v.v_location, ARGAREA (0));
+    magic_random_location(&result->v.v_location, ARGAREA(0));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_read_script_int (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_read_script_int(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject_p = ARGENTITY (0);
-    char *var_name = ARGSTR (1);
+    entity_t *subject_p = ARGENTITY(0);
+    char *var_name = ARGSTR(1);
 
-    if (subject_p->type != BL_PC)
+    if (subject_p->type != BL::PC)
         return 1;
 
-    RESULTINT = pc_readglobalreg ((character_t *) subject_p, var_name);
+    RESULTINT = pc_readglobalreg((character_t *) subject_p, var_name);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_rbox (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_rbox(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    location_t loc = ARGLOCATION (0);
-    int  radius = ARGINT (1);
+    location_t loc = ARGLOCATION(0);
+    int radius = ARGINT(1);
 
-    RESULTAREA = area_new (AREA_RECT);
+    RESULTAREA = area_new(AREA::RECT);
     RESULTAREA->a.a_rect.loc.m = loc.m;
     RESULTAREA->a.a_rect.loc.x = loc.x - radius;
     RESULTAREA->a.a_rect.loc.y = loc.y - radius;
@@ -967,79 +1018,83 @@ static int fun_rbox (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_running_status_update (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result,
-                           val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_running_status_update(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    if (ETY (0) != BL_PC && ETY (0) != BL_MOB)
+    if (ENTITY_TYPE(0) != BL::PC && ENTITY_TYPE(0) != BL::MOB)
         return 1;
 
-    RESULTINT = battle_get_sc_data (ARGENTITY (0))[ARGINT (1)].timer != -1;
+    StatusChange sc = StatusChange(ARGINT(1));
+    RESULTINT = bool(battle_get_sc_data(ARGENTITY(0))[sc].timer);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_status_option (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_status_option(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
     RESULTINT =
-        ((((struct map_session_data *) ARGENTITY (0))->
-          status.option & ARGINT (0)) != 0);
+        (bool(((struct map_session_data *) ARGENTITY(0))->
+          status.option & Option(ARGINT(0))));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_element (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_element(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = battle_get_element (ARGENTITY (0)) % 10;
+    RESULTINT = static_cast<int>(battle_get_element(ARGENTITY(0)).element);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_element_level (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_element_level(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = battle_get_element (ARGENTITY (0)) / 10;
+    RESULTINT = battle_get_element(ARGENTITY(0)).level;
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_index (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_index(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = ARGSPELL (0)->index;
+    RESULTINT = ARGSPELL(0)->index;
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_is_exterior (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_is_exterior(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = map[ARGLOCATION (0).m].name[4] == '1';
+    RESULTINT = map[ARGLOCATION(0).m].name[4] == '1';
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_contains_string (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_contains_string(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = NULL != strstr (ARGSTR (0), ARGSTR (1));
+    RESULTINT = NULL != strstr(ARGSTR(0), ARGSTR(1));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_strstr (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_strstr(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    char *offset = strstr (ARGSTR (0), ARGSTR (1));
-    RESULTINT = offset - ARGSTR (0);
+    char *offset = strstr(ARGSTR(0), ARGSTR(1));
+    RESULTINT = offset - ARGSTR(0);
     return offset == NULL;
 }
 
-static int fun_strlen (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_strlen(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = strlen (ARGSTR (0));
+    RESULTINT = strlen(ARGSTR(0));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_substr (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_substr(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    const char *src = ARGSTR (0);
-    const int slen = strlen (src);
-    int  offset = ARGINT (1);
-    int  len = ARGINT (2);
+    const char *src = ARGSTR(0);
+    const int slen = strlen(src);
+    int offset = ARGINT(1);
+    int len = ARGINT(2);
 
     if (len < 0)
         len = 0;
@@ -1052,57 +1107,59 @@ static int fun_substr (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
     if (offset + len > slen)
         len = slen - offset;
 
-    RESULTSTR = (char *) calloc (1, 1 + len);
-    memcpy (RESULTSTR, src + offset, len);
+    RESULTSTR = (char *) calloc(1, 1 + len);
+    memcpy(RESULTSTR, src + offset, len);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_sqrt (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_sqrt(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = (int) sqrt (ARGINT (0));
+    RESULTINT = (int) sqrt(ARGINT(0));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_map_level (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_map_level(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    RESULTINT = map[ARGLOCATION (0).m].name[4] - '0';
+    RESULTINT = map[ARGLOCATION(0).m].name[4] - '0';
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int fun_map_nr (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_map_nr(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    const char *mapname = map[ARGLOCATION (0).m].name;
+    const char *mapname = map[ARGLOCATION(0).m].name;
 
     RESULTINT = ((mapname[0] - '0') * 100)
         + ((mapname[1] - '0') * 10) + ((mapname[2] - '0'));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_dir_towards (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_dir_towards(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    int  dx;
-    int  dy;
+    int dx;
+    int dy;
 
-    if (ARGLOCATION (0).m != ARGLOCATION (1).m)
+    if (ARGLOCATION(0).m != ARGLOCATION(1).m)
         return 1;
 
-    dx = ARGLOCATION (1).x - ARGLOCATION (0).x;
-    dy = ARGLOCATION (1).y - ARGLOCATION (0).y;
+    dx = ARGLOCATION(1).x - ARGLOCATION(0).x;
+    dy = ARGLOCATION(1).y - ARGLOCATION(0).y;
 
-    if (ARGINT (1))
+    if (ARGINT(1))
     {
         /* 8-direction mode */
-        if (abs (dx) > abs (dy) * 2)
+        if (abs(dx) > abs(dy) * 2)
         {                       /* east or west */
             if (dx < 0)
                 RESULTINT = 2 /* west */ ;
             else
                 RESULTINT = 6 /* east */ ;
         }
-        else if (abs (dy) > abs (dx) * 2)
+        else if (abs(dy) > abs(dx) * 2)
         {                       /* north or south */
             if (dy > 0)
                 RESULTINT = 0 /* south */ ;
@@ -1127,7 +1184,7 @@ fun_dir_towards (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
     else
     {
         /* 4-direction mode */
-        if (abs (dx) > abs (dy))
+        if (abs(dx) > abs(dy))
         {                       /* east or west */
             if (dx < 0)
                 RESULTINT = 2 /* west */ ;
@@ -1146,21 +1203,20 @@ fun_dir_towards (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int
-fun_extract_healer_xp (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args)
+static
+int fun_extract_healer_xp(env_t *, int, val_t *result, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *sd = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
+    character_t *sd = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
 
     if (!sd)
         RESULTINT = 0;
     else
-        RESULTINT = pc_extract_healer_exp (sd, ARGINT (1));
+        RESULTINT = pc_extract_healer_exp(sd, ARGINT(1));
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define BATTLE_RECORD2(sname, name) { sname, "e", 'i', fun_get_##name }
-#define BATTLE_RECORD(name) BATTLE_RECORD2(#name, name)
-static fun_t functions[] = {
+static
+fun_t functions[] = {
     {"+", "..", '.', fun_add},
     {"-", "ii", 'i', fun_sub},
     {"*", "ii", 'i', fun_mul},
@@ -1183,19 +1239,19 @@ static fun_t functions[] = {
     {"is_in", "la", 'i', fun_is_in},
     {"if_then_else", "i__", '_', fun_if_then_else},
     {"skill", "ei", 'i', fun_skill},
-    BATTLE_RECORD (str),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (agi),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (vit),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (dex),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (luk),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (int),
-    BATTLE_RECORD2 ("level", lv),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (mdef),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (def),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (hp),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (max_hp),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (sp),
-    BATTLE_RECORD (max_sp),
+    {"str", "e", 'i', fun_get_str},
+    {"agi", "e", 'i', fun_get_agi},
+    {"vit", "e", 'i', fun_get_vit},
+    {"dex", "e", 'i', fun_get_dex},
+    {"luk", "e", 'i', fun_get_luk},
+    {"int", "e", 'i', fun_get_int},
+    {"level", "e", 'i', fun_get_lv},
+    {"mdef", "e", 'i', fun_get_mdef},
+    {"def", "e", 'i', fun_get_def},
+    {"hp", "e", 'i', fun_get_hp},
+    {"max_hp", "e", 'i', fun_get_max_hp},
+    {"sp", "e", 'i', fun_get_sp},
+    {"max_sp", "e", 'i', fun_get_max_sp},
     {"dir", "e", 'd', fun_get_dir},
     {"name_of", ".", 's', fun_name_of},
     {"mob_id", "e", 'i', fun_mob_id},
@@ -1239,17 +1295,19 @@ static fun_t functions[] = {
     {NULL, NULL, '.', NULL}
 };
 
-static int functions_are_sorted = 0;
+static
+int functions_are_sorted = 0;
 
 static
-int compare_fun (const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
+int compare_fun(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
 {
-    return strcmp (((fun_t *) lhs)->name, ((fun_t *) rhs)->name);
+    return strcmp(((const fun_t *) lhs)->name, ((const fun_t *) rhs)->name);
 }
 
-fun_t *magic_get_fun (const char *name, int *index)
+fun_t *magic_get_fun(const char *name, int *index)
 {
-    static int functions_nr;
+    static
+int functions_nr;
     fun_t *result;
     fun_t key;
 
@@ -1261,12 +1319,12 @@ fun_t *magic_get_fun (const char *name, int *index)
             ++it;
         functions_nr = it - functions;
 
-        qsort (functions, functions_nr, sizeof (fun_t), compare_fun);
+        qsort(functions, functions_nr, sizeof(fun_t), compare_fun);
         functions_are_sorted = 1;
     }
 
     key.name = name;
-    result = (fun_t *) bsearch (&key, functions, functions_nr, sizeof (fun_t),
+    result = (fun_t *) bsearch(&key, functions, functions_nr, sizeof(fun_t),
                                 compare_fun);
 
     if (result && index)
@@ -1275,19 +1333,20 @@ fun_t *magic_get_fun (const char *name, int *index)
     return result;
 }
 
-static int                      // 1 on failure
-eval_location (env_t * env, location_t * dest, e_location_t * expr)
+static
+int                     // 1 on failure
+eval_location(env_t *env, location_t *dest, e_location_t *expr)
 {
     val_t m, x, y;
-    magic_eval (env, &m, expr->m);
-    magic_eval (env, &x, expr->x);
-    magic_eval (env, &y, expr->y);
+    magic_eval(env, &m, expr->m);
+    magic_eval(env, &x, expr->x);
+    magic_eval(env, &y, expr->y);
 
-    if (CHECK_TYPE (&m, TY_STRING)
-        && CHECK_TYPE (&x, TY_INT) && CHECK_TYPE (&y, TY_INT))
+    if (CHECK_TYPE(&m, TYPE::STRING)
+        && CHECK_TYPE(&x, TYPE::INT) && CHECK_TYPE(&y, TYPE::INT))
     {
-        int  map_id = map_mapname2mapid (m.v.v_string);
-        magic_clear_var (&m);
+        int map_id = map_mapname2mapid(m.v.v_string);
+        magic_clear_var(&m);
         if (map_id < 0)
             return 1;
         dest->m = map_id;
@@ -1297,36 +1356,37 @@ eval_location (env_t * env, location_t * dest, e_location_t * expr)
     }
     else
     {
-        magic_clear_var (&m);
-        magic_clear_var (&x);
-        magic_clear_var (&y);
+        magic_clear_var(&m);
+        magic_clear_var(&x);
+        magic_clear_var(&y);
         return 1;
     }
 }
 
-static area_t *eval_area (env_t * env, e_area_t * expr)
+static
+area_t *eval_area(env_t *env, e_area_t *expr)
 {
-    area_t *area = (area_t *)malloc (sizeof (area_t));
+    area_t *area = (area_t *)malloc(sizeof(area_t));
     area->ty = expr->ty;
 
     switch (expr->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_LOCATION:
+        case AREA::LOCATION:
             area->size = 1;
-            if (eval_location (env, &area->a.a_loc, &expr->a.a_loc))
+            if (eval_location(env, &area->a.a_loc, &expr->a.a_loc))
             {
-                free (area);
+                free(area);
                 return NULL;
             }
             else
                 return area;
 
-        case AREA_UNION:
+        case AREA::UNION:
         {
-            int  i, fail = 0;
+            int i, fail = 0;
             for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
             {
-                area->a.a_union[i] = eval_area (env, expr->a.a_union[i]);
+                area->a.a_union[i] = eval_area(env, expr->a.a_union[i]);
                 if (!area->a.a_union[i])
                     fail = 1;
             }
@@ -1336,152 +1396,153 @@ static area_t *eval_area (env_t * env, e_area_t * expr)
                 for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
                 {
                     if (area->a.a_union[i])
-                        free_area (area->a.a_union[i]);
+                        free_area(area->a.a_union[i]);
                 }
-                free (area);
+                free(area);
                 return NULL;
             }
             area->size = area->a.a_union[0]->size + area->a.a_union[1]->size;
             return area;
         }
 
-        case AREA_RECT:
+        case AREA::RECT:
         {
             val_t width, height;
-            magic_eval (env, &width, expr->a.a_rect.width);
-            magic_eval (env, &height, expr->a.a_rect.height);
+            magic_eval(env, &width, expr->a.a_rect.width);
+            magic_eval(env, &height, expr->a.a_rect.height);
 
             area->a.a_rect.width = width.v.v_int;
             area->a.a_rect.height = height.v.v_int;
 
-            if (CHECK_TYPE (&width, TY_INT)
-                && CHECK_TYPE (&height, TY_INT)
-                && !eval_location (env, &(area->a.a_rect.loc),
+            if (CHECK_TYPE(&width, TYPE::INT)
+                && CHECK_TYPE(&height, TYPE::INT)
+                && !eval_location(env, &(area->a.a_rect.loc),
                                    &expr->a.a_rect.loc))
             {
                 area->size = area->a.a_rect.width * area->a.a_rect.height;
-                magic_clear_var (&width);
-                magic_clear_var (&height);
+                magic_clear_var(&width);
+                magic_clear_var(&height);
                 return area;
             }
             else
             {
-                free (area);
-                magic_clear_var (&width);
-                magic_clear_var (&height);
+                free(area);
+                magic_clear_var(&width);
+                magic_clear_var(&height);
                 return NULL;
             }
         }
 
-        case AREA_BAR:
+        case AREA::BAR:
         {
             val_t width, depth, dir;
-            magic_eval (env, &width, expr->a.a_bar.width);
-            magic_eval (env, &depth, expr->a.a_bar.depth);
-            magic_eval (env, &dir, expr->a.a_bar.dir);
+            magic_eval(env, &width, expr->a.a_bar.width);
+            magic_eval(env, &depth, expr->a.a_bar.depth);
+            magic_eval(env, &dir, expr->a.a_bar.dir);
 
             area->a.a_bar.width = width.v.v_int;
             area->a.a_bar.depth = depth.v.v_int;
-            area->a.a_bar.dir = dir.v.v_int;
+            area->a.a_bar.dir = dir.v.v_dir;
 
-            if (CHECK_TYPE (&width, TY_INT)
-                && CHECK_TYPE (&depth, TY_INT)
-                && CHECK_TYPE (&dir, TY_DIR)
-                && !eval_location (env, &area->a.a_bar.loc,
+            if (CHECK_TYPE(&width, TYPE::INT)
+                && CHECK_TYPE(&depth, TYPE::INT)
+                && CHECK_TYPE(&dir, TYPE::DIR)
+                && !eval_location(env, &area->a.a_bar.loc,
                                    &expr->a.a_bar.loc))
             {
                 area->size =
                     (area->a.a_bar.width * 2 + 1) * area->a.a_bar.depth;
-                magic_clear_var (&width);
-                magic_clear_var (&depth);
-                magic_clear_var (&dir);
+                magic_clear_var(&width);
+                magic_clear_var(&depth);
+                magic_clear_var(&dir);
                 return area;
             }
             else
             {
-                free (area);
-                magic_clear_var (&width);
-                magic_clear_var (&depth);
-                magic_clear_var (&dir);
+                free(area);
+                magic_clear_var(&width);
+                magic_clear_var(&depth);
+                magic_clear_var(&dir);
                 return NULL;
             }
         }
 
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr, "INTERNAL ERROR: Unknown area type %d\n",
-                     area->ty);
-            free (area);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "INTERNAL ERROR: Unknown area type %d\n",
+                    area->ty);
+            free(area);
             return NULL;
     }
 }
 
-static int type_key (char ty_key)
+static
+TYPE type_key(char ty_key)
 {
     switch (ty_key)
     {
         case 'i':
-            return TY_INT;
+            return TYPE::INT;
         case 'd':
-            return TY_DIR;
+            return TYPE::DIR;
         case 's':
-            return TY_STRING;
+            return TYPE::STRING;
         case 'e':
-            return TY_ENTITY;
+            return TYPE::ENTITY;
         case 'l':
-            return TY_LOCATION;
+            return TYPE::LOCATION;
         case 'a':
-            return TY_AREA;
+            return TYPE::AREA;
         case 'S':
-            return TY_SPELL;
+            return TYPE::SPELL;
         case 'I':
-            return TY_INVOCATION;
+            return TYPE::INVOCATION;
         default:
-            return -1;
+            return TYPE::NEGATIVE_1;
     }
 }
 
-int magic_signature_check (const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *signature,
-                           int args_nr, val_t * args, int line, int column)
+int magic_signature_check(const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *signature,
+                           int args_nr, val_t *args, int line, int column)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < args_nr; i++)
     {
         val_t *arg = &args[i];
         char ty_key = signature[i];
-        int  ty = arg->ty;
-        int  desired_ty = type_key (ty_key);
+        TYPE ty = arg->ty;
+        TYPE desired_ty = type_key(ty_key);
 
-        if (ty == TY_ENTITY)
+        if (ty == TYPE::ENTITY)
         {
             /* Dereference entities in preparation for calling function */
-            arg->v.v_entity = map_id2bl (arg->v.v_int);
+            arg->v.v_entity = map_id2bl(arg->v.v_int);
             if (!arg->v.v_entity)
-                ty = arg->ty = TY_FAIL;
+                ty = arg->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
         }
-        else if (ty == TY_INVOCATION)
+        else if (ty == TYPE::INVOCATION)
         {
-            arg->v.v_invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (arg->v.v_int);
+            arg->v.v_invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(arg->v.v_int);
             if (!arg->v.v_entity)
-                ty = arg->ty = TY_FAIL;
+                ty = arg->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
         }
 
         if (!ty_key)
         {
-            fprintf (stderr,
+            FPRINTF(stderr,
                      "[magic-eval]:  L%d:%d: Too many arguments (%d) to %s `%s'\n",
                      line, column, args_nr, opname, funname);
             return 1;
         }
 
-        if (ty == TY_FAIL && ty_key != '_')
+        if (ty == TYPE::FAIL && ty_key != '_')
             return 1;           /* Fail `in a sane way':  This is a perfectly permissible error */
 
-        if (ty == desired_ty || desired_ty < 0 /* `dontcare' */ )
+        if (ty == desired_ty || desired_ty == TYPE::NEGATIVE_1)
             continue;
 
-        if (ty == TY_UNDEF)
+        if (ty == TYPE::UNDEF)
         {
-            fprintf (stderr,
+            FPRINTF(stderr,
                      "[magic-eval]:  L%d:%d: Argument #%d to %s `%s' undefined\n",
                      line, column, i + 1, opname, funname);
             return 1;
@@ -1490,20 +1551,20 @@ int magic_signature_check (const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *
         /* If we are here, we have a type mismatch but no failure _yet_.  Try to coerce. */
         switch (desired_ty)
         {
-            case TY_INT:
-                intify (arg);
+            case TYPE::INT:
+                intify(arg);
                 break;          /* 100% success rate */
-            case TY_STRING:
-                stringify (arg, 1);
+            case TYPE::STRING:
+                stringify(arg, 1);
                 break;          /* 100% success rate */
-            case TY_AREA:
-                make_area (arg);
+            case TYPE::AREA:
+                make_area(arg);
                 break;          /* Only works for locations */
-            case TY_LOCATION:
-                make_location (arg);
+            case TYPE::LOCATION:
+                make_location(arg);
                 break;          /* Only works for some areas */
-            case TY_SPELL:
-                make_spell (arg);
+            case TYPE::SPELL:
+                make_spell(arg);
                 break;          /* Only works for still-active invocatoins */
             default:
                 break;          /* We'll fail right below */
@@ -1512,10 +1573,11 @@ int magic_signature_check (const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *
         ty = arg->ty;
         if (ty != desired_ty)
         {                       /* Coercion failed? */
-            if (ty != TY_FAIL)
-                fprintf (stderr,
+            if (ty != TYPE::FAIL)
+                FPRINTF(stderr,
                          "[magic-eval]:  L%d:%d: Argument #%d to %s `%s' of incorrect type (%d)\n",
-                         line, column, i + 1, opname, funname, ty);
+                         line, column, i + 1, opname, funname,
+                         ty);
             return 1;
         }
     }
@@ -1525,149 +1587,139 @@ int magic_signature_check (const char *opname, const char *funname, const char *
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
-void magic_eval (env_t * env, val_t * dest, expr_t * expr)
+void magic_eval(env_t *env, val_t *dest, expr_t *expr)
 {
-#ifdef RECENT_GCC
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
     switch (expr->ty)
     {
-        case EXPR_VAL:
-            magic_copy_var (dest, &expr->e.e_val);
+        case EXPR::VAL:
+            magic_copy_var(dest, &expr->e.e_val);
             break;
 
-        case EXPR_LOCATION:
-            if (eval_location (env, &dest->v.v_location, &expr->e.e_location))
-                dest->ty = TY_FAIL;
+        case EXPR::LOCATION:
+            if (eval_location(env, &dest->v.v_location, &expr->e.e_location))
+                dest->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
             else
-                dest->ty = TY_LOCATION;
+                dest->ty = TYPE::LOCATION;
             break;
 
-        case EXPR_AREA:
-            if ((dest->v.v_area = eval_area (env, &expr->e.e_area)))
-                dest->ty = TY_AREA;
+        case EXPR::AREA:
+            if ((dest->v.v_area = eval_area(env, &expr->e.e_area)))
+                dest->ty = TYPE::AREA;
             else
-                dest->ty = TY_FAIL;
+                dest->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
             break;
 
-        case EXPR_FUNAPP:
+        case EXPR::FUNAPP:
         {
             val_t arguments[MAX_ARGS];
-            int  args_nr = expr->e.e_funapp.args_nr;
-            int  i;
+            int args_nr = expr->e.e_funapp.args_nr;
+            int i;
             fun_t *f = functions + expr->e.e_funapp.id;
 
             for (i = 0; i < args_nr; ++i)
-                magic_eval (env, &arguments[i], expr->e.e_funapp.args[i]);
-            if (magic_signature_check
-                ("function", f->name, f->signature, args_nr, arguments,
+                magic_eval(env, &arguments[i], expr->e.e_funapp.args[i]);
+            if (magic_signature_check("function", f->name, f->signature, args_nr, arguments,
                  expr->e.e_funapp.line_nr, expr->e.e_funapp.column)
-                || f->fun (env, args_nr, dest, arguments))
-                dest->ty = TY_FAIL;
+                || f->fun(env, args_nr, dest, arguments))
+                dest->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
             else
             {
-                int  dest_ty = type_key (f->ret_ty);
-                if (dest_ty != -1)
+                TYPE dest_ty = type_key(f->ret_ty);
+                if (dest_ty != TYPE::NEGATIVE_1)
                     dest->ty = dest_ty;
 
                 /* translate entity back into persistent int */
-                if (dest->ty == TY_ENTITY)
+                if (dest->ty == TYPE::ENTITY)
                 {
                     if (dest->v.v_entity)
                         dest->v.v_int = dest->v.v_entity->id;
                     else
-                        dest->ty = TY_FAIL;
+                        dest->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
                 }
             }
 
             for (i = 0; i < args_nr; ++i)
-                magic_clear_var (&arguments[i]);
+                magic_clear_var(&arguments[i]);
             break;
         }
 
-        case EXPR_ID:
+        case EXPR::ID:
         {
-            val_t v = VAR (expr->e.e_id);
-            magic_copy_var (dest, &v);
+            val_t v = VAR(expr->e.e_id);
+            magic_copy_var(dest, &v);
             break;
         }
 
-        case EXPR_SPELLFIELD:
+        case EXPR::SPELLFIELD:
         {
             val_t v;
-            int  id = expr->e.e_field.id;
-            magic_eval (env, &v, expr->e.e_field.expr);
+            int id = expr->e.e_field.id;
+            magic_eval(env, &v, expr->e.e_field.expr);
 
-            if (v.ty == TY_INVOCATION)
+            if (v.ty == TYPE::INVOCATION)
             {
-                invocation_t *t = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (v.v.v_int);
+                invocation_t *t = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(v.v.v_int);
 
                 if (!t)
-                    dest->ty = TY_UNDEF;
+                    dest->ty = TYPE::UNDEF;
                 else
                 {
-#ifdef RECENT_GCC
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
-#endif
                     env_t *env = t->env;
-#ifdef RECENT_GCC
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-                    val_t val = VAR (id);
-                    magic_copy_var (dest, &val);
+                    val_t val = VAR(id);
+                    magic_copy_var(dest, &val);
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                fprintf (stderr,
+                FPRINTF(stderr,
                          "[magic] Attempt to access field %s on non-spell\n",
                          env->base_env->var_name[id]);
-                dest->ty = TY_FAIL;
+                dest->ty = TYPE::FAIL;
             }
             break;
         }
 
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr,
+            FPRINTF(stderr,
                      "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: Unknown expression type %d\n",
                      expr->ty);
             break;
     }
 }
-#ifndef RECENT_GCC
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
 
-int magic_eval_int (env_t * env, expr_t * expr)
+int magic_eval_int(env_t *env, expr_t *expr)
 {
     val_t result;
-    magic_eval (env, &result, expr);
+    magic_eval(env, &result, expr);
 
-    if (result.ty == TY_FAIL || result.ty == TY_UNDEF)
+    if (result.ty == TYPE::FAIL || result.ty == TYPE::UNDEF)
         return 0;
 
-    intify (&result);
+    intify(&result);
 
     return result.v.v_int;
 }
 
-char *magic_eval_str (env_t * env, expr_t * expr)
+char *magic_eval_str(env_t *env, expr_t *expr)
 {
     val_t result;
-    magic_eval (env, &result, expr);
+    magic_eval(env, &result, expr);
 
-    if (result.ty == TY_FAIL || result.ty == TY_UNDEF)
-        return strdup ("?");
+    if (result.ty == TYPE::FAIL || result.ty == TYPE::UNDEF)
+        return strdup("?");
 
-    stringify (&result, 0);
+    stringify(&result, 0);
 
     return result.v.v_string;
 }
 
-expr_t *magic_new_expr (int ty)
+expr_t *magic_new_expr(EXPR ty)
 {
-    expr_t *expr = (expr_t *) malloc (sizeof (expr_t));
+    expr_t *expr = (expr_t *) malloc(sizeof(expr_t));
     expr->ty = ty;
     return expr;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/magic-expr.hpp b/src/map/magic-expr.hpp
index 7a251df..419c833 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-expr.hpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-expr.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef MAGIC_EXPR_HPP
 #define MAGIC_EXPR_HPP
-#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
-#include "magic-interpreter-aux.hpp"
-
-#ifndef MAX
-#  define MAX(x,y) (((x)>(y)) ? (x) : (y))
-#endif
-#ifndef MIN
-#  define MIN(x,y) (((x)<(y)) ? (x) : (y))
-#endif
 
-#ifndef INT_MAX
-#  define INT_MAX (1<<30)       // It's more than that, but this is quite sufficient for our purposes.
-#endif
+#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
 
 /*
  * Argument types:
@@ -32,14 +21,14 @@ typedef struct fun
     const char *name;
     const char *signature;
     char ret_ty;
-    int  (*fun) (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * result, val_t * args);
+    int(*fun)(env_t *env, int args_nr, val_t *result, val_t *args);
 } fun_t;
 
 typedef struct op
 {
     const char *name;
     const char *signature;
-    int  (*op) (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args);
+    int(*op)(env_t *env, int args_nr, val_t *args);
 } op_t;
 
 /**
@@ -47,49 +36,49 @@ typedef struct op
  * @param name The name to look up
  * @return A function of that name, or NULL, and a function index
  */
-fun_t *magic_get_fun (const char *name, int *index);
+fun_t *magic_get_fun(const char *name, int *index);
 
 /**
  * Retrieves an operation by name
  * @param name The name to look up
  * @return An operation of that name, or NULL, and a function index
  */
-op_t *magic_get_op (char *name, int *index);
+op_t *magic_get_op(char *name, int *index);
 
 /**
  * Evaluates an expression and stores the result in `dest'
  */
-void magic_eval (env_t * env, val_t * dest, expr_t * expr);
+void magic_eval(env_t *env, val_t *dest, expr_t *expr);
 
 /**
  * Evaluates an expression and coerces the result into an integer
  */
-int  magic_eval_int (env_t * env, expr_t * expr);
+int magic_eval_int(env_t *env, expr_t *expr);
 
 /**
  * Evaluates an expression and coerces the result into a string
  */
-char *magic_eval_str (env_t * env, expr_t * expr);
-
-int  map_is_solid (int m, int x, int y);
-
-expr_t *magic_new_expr (int ty);
-
-void magic_clear_var (val_t * v);
-
-void magic_copy_var (val_t * dest, val_t * src);
-
-void magic_random_location (location_t * dest, area_t * area);
+char *magic_eval_str(env_t *env, expr_t *expr);
 
-int                             // ret -1: not a string, ret 1: no such item, ret 0: OK
+expr_t *magic_new_expr(EXPR ty);
 
+void magic_clear_var(val_t *v);
 
+void magic_copy_var(val_t *dest, val_t *src);
 
+void magic_random_location(location_t *dest, area_t *area);
 
- magic_find_item (val_t * args, int index, struct item *item, int *stackable);
+// ret -1: not a string, ret 1: no such item, ret 0: OK
+int magic_find_item(val_t *args, int index, struct item *item, int *stackable);
 
-#define GET_ARG_ITEM(index, dest, stackable) switch(magic_find_item(args, index, &dest, &stackable)) { case -1 : return 1; case 1 : return 0; }
+#define GET_ARG_ITEM(index, dest, stackable)                    \
+     switch (magic_find_item(args, index, &dest, &stackable))   \
+    {                                                           \
+        case -1: return 1;                                      \
+        case 1: return 0;                                       \
+        default: break;                                         \
+    }
 
-int  magic_location_in_area (int m, int x, int y, area_t * area);
+int magic_location_in_area(int m, int x, int y, area_t *area);
 
-#endif /* !defined(MAGIC_EXPR_H_) */
+#endif // MAGIC_EXPR_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/magic-interpreter-aux.hpp b/src/map/magic-interpreter-aux.hpp
index ea05b88..4bb0a82 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-interpreter-aux.hpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-interpreter-aux.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
 #ifndef MAGIC_INTERPRETER_AUX_HPP
 #define MAGIC_INTERPRETER_AUX_HPP
 
-#define CHECK_TYPE(v, t) ((v)->ty == t)
+#include "magic-interpreter.t.hpp"
 
-#define VAR(i) ((!env->vars || env->vars[i].ty == TY_UNDEF)? env->base_env->vars[i] : env->vars[i])
+template<class T>
+bool CHECK_TYPE(T *v, TYPE t)
+{
+    return v->ty == t;
+}
 
-#endif /* !defined(MAGIC_INTERPRETER_AUX_H_) */
+// FIXME: macro capture!
+#define VAR(i)  \
+    ((!env->vars || env->vars[i].ty == TYPE::UNDEF)   \
+            ? env->base_env->vars[i]                \
+            : env->vars[i])
+
+#endif // MAGIC_INTERPRETER_AUX_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/magic-interpreter-base.cpp b/src/map/magic-interpreter-base.cpp
index 0305192..26d75af 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-interpreter-base.cpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-interpreter-base.cpp
@@ -1,34 +1,49 @@
-#include "magic.hpp"
+#include "magic-interpreter-aux.hpp"
 #include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+
 #include "magic-expr.hpp"
-#include "magic-interpreter-aux.hpp"
 
-static void set_int_p (val_t * v, int i, int t)
+#include "pc.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+static
+void set_int_p(val_t *v, int i, TYPE t)
 {
     v->ty = t;
     v->v.v_int = i;
 }
 
-#define set_int(v, i) set_int_p(v, i, TY_INT)
-#define set_dir(v, i) set_int_p(v, i, TY_DIR)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-macros"
+
+#define set_int(v, i) set_int_p(v, i, TYPE::INT)
+#define set_dir(v, i) set_int_p(v, i, TYPE::DIR)
 
 #define SETTER(tty, dyn_ty, field) (val_t *v, tty x) { v->ty = dyn_ty; v->v.field = x; }
 
-static void set_string SETTER (char *, TY_STRING, v_string);
+static
+void set_string SETTER(char *, TYPE::STRING, v_string)
 
-static void set_entity (val_t * v, entity_t * e)
+static
+void set_entity(val_t *v, entity_t *e)
 {
-    v->ty = TY_ENTITY;
+    v->ty = TYPE::ENTITY;
     v->v.v_int = e->id;
 }
 
-static void set_invocation (val_t * v, invocation_t * i)
+static
+void set_invocation(val_t *v, invocation_t *i)
 {
-    v->ty = TY_INVOCATION;
+    v->ty = TYPE::INVOCATION;
     v->v.v_int = i->bl.id;
 }
 
-static void set_spell SETTER (spell_t *, TY_SPELL, v_spell);
+static
+void set_spell SETTER(spell_t *, TYPE::SPELL, v_spell)
 
 #define setenv(f, v, x) f(&(env->vars[v]), x)
 
@@ -41,29 +56,33 @@ static void set_spell SETTER (spell_t *, TY_SPELL, v_spell);
 #define set_env_invocation(v, x) setenv(set_invocation, v, x)
 #define set_env_spell(v, x) setenv(set_spell, v, x)
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
 magic_conf_t magic_conf;        /* Global magic conf */
 env_t magic_default_env = { &magic_conf, NULL };
 
-static int spells_sorted = 0;
+static
+int spells_sorted = 0;
 
 const char *magic_find_invocation(const char *spellname)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < abs (magic_conf.spells_nr); i++)
-        if (!strcmp (magic_conf.spells[i]->name, spellname))
+    for (i = 0; i < abs(magic_conf.spells_nr); i++)
+        if (!strcmp(magic_conf.spells[i]->name, spellname))
             return magic_conf.spells[i]->invocation;
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static int spell_compare (const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
+static
+int spell_compare(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
 {
-    return strcmp ((*((spell_t **) lhs))->invocation,
-                   (*((spell_t **) rhs))->invocation);
+    return strcmp((*((const spell_t *const*) lhs))->invocation,
+                   (*((const spell_t *const*) rhs))->invocation);
 }
 
-spell_t *magic_find_spell (char *invocation)
+spell_t *magic_find_spell(char *invocation)
 {
     spell_t key;
     spell_t *keyp = &key;
@@ -71,7 +90,7 @@ spell_t *magic_find_spell (char *invocation)
 
     if (!spells_sorted)
     {
-        qsort (magic_conf.spells, magic_conf.spells_nr, sizeof (spell_t *),
+        qsort(magic_conf.spells, magic_conf.spells_nr, sizeof(spell_t *),
                spell_compare);
         spells_sorted = 1;
     }
@@ -80,8 +99,8 @@ spell_t *magic_find_spell (char *invocation)
 
     retval =
         ((spell_t **)
-         bsearch (&keyp, magic_conf.spells, magic_conf.spells_nr,
-                  sizeof (spell_t *), spell_compare));
+         bsearch(&keyp, magic_conf.spells, magic_conf.spells_nr,
+                  sizeof(spell_t *), spell_compare));
 
     if (!retval)
         return NULL;
@@ -93,24 +112,25 @@ spell_t *magic_find_spell (char *invocation)
 /* Spell anchors */
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-static int compare_teleport_anchor (const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
+static
+int compare_teleport_anchor(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
 {
-    return strcmp ((*((teleport_anchor_t **) lhs))->invocation,
-                   (*((teleport_anchor_t **) rhs))->invocation);
+    return strcmp((*((const teleport_anchor_t *const*) lhs))->invocation,
+                   (*((const teleport_anchor_t *const*) rhs))->invocation);
 }
 
 const char *magic_find_anchor_invocation(const char *anchor_name)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < abs (magic_conf.anchors_nr); i++)
-        if (!strcmp (magic_conf.anchors[i]->name, anchor_name))
+    for (i = 0; i < abs(magic_conf.anchors_nr); i++)
+        if (!strcmp(magic_conf.anchors[i]->name, anchor_name))
             return magic_conf.anchors[i]->invocation;
 
     return NULL;
 }
 
-teleport_anchor_t *magic_find_anchor (char *name)
+teleport_anchor_t *magic_find_anchor(char *name)
 {
     teleport_anchor_t key;
     teleport_anchor_t *keyp = &key;
@@ -118,17 +138,17 @@ teleport_anchor_t *magic_find_anchor (char *name)
 
     if (magic_conf.anchors_nr > 0)
     {                           /* unsorted */
-        qsort (magic_conf.anchors, magic_conf.anchors_nr,
-               sizeof (teleport_anchor_t *), compare_teleport_anchor);
+        qsort(magic_conf.anchors, magic_conf.anchors_nr,
+               sizeof(teleport_anchor_t *), compare_teleport_anchor);
         magic_conf.anchors_nr = -magic_conf.anchors_nr;
     }
 
     key.invocation = name;
 
-    retval = (teleport_anchor_t **) bsearch (&keyp,
+    retval = (teleport_anchor_t **) bsearch(&keyp,
                                              magic_conf.anchors,
                                              -magic_conf.anchors_nr,
-                                             sizeof (teleport_anchor_t *),
+                                             sizeof(teleport_anchor_t *),
                                              compare_teleport_anchor);
 
     if (!retval)
@@ -141,83 +161,86 @@ teleport_anchor_t *magic_find_anchor (char *name)
 /* Spell guard checks */
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-static env_t *alloc_env (magic_conf_t * conf)
+static
+env_t *alloc_env(magic_conf_t *conf)
 {
     env_t *env;
-    CREATE (env, env_t, 1);
-    CREATE (env->vars, val_t, conf->vars_nr);
+    CREATE(env, env_t, 1);
+    CREATE(env->vars, val_t, conf->vars_nr);
     env->base_env = conf;
     return env;
 }
 
-static env_t *clone_env (env_t * src)
+static
+env_t *clone_env(env_t *src)
 {
-    env_t *retval = alloc_env (src->base_env);
-    int  i;
+    env_t *retval = alloc_env(src->base_env);
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < src->base_env->vars_nr; i++)
-        magic_copy_var (&retval->vars[i], &src->vars[i]);
+        magic_copy_var(&retval->vars[i], &src->vars[i]);
 
     return retval;
 }
 
-void magic_free_env (env_t * env)
+void magic_free_env(env_t *env)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < env->base_env->vars_nr; i++)
-        magic_clear_var (&env->vars[i]);
-    free (env);
+        magic_clear_var(&env->vars[i]);
+    free(env);
 }
 
-env_t *spell_create_env (magic_conf_t * conf, spell_t * spell,
-                         character_t * caster, int spellpower, char *param)
+env_t *spell_create_env(magic_conf_t *conf, spell_t *spell,
+                         character_t *caster, int spellpower, char *param)
 {
-    env_t *env = alloc_env (conf);
+    env_t *env = alloc_env(conf);
 
     switch (spell->spellarg_ty)
     {
 
-        case SPELLARG_STRING:
-            set_env_string (spell->arg, param);
+        case SPELLARG::STRING:
+            set_env_string(spell->arg, param);
             break;
 
-        case SPELLARG_PC:
+        case SPELLARG::PC:
         {
-            character_t *subject = map_nick2sd (param);
+            character_t *subject = map_nick2sd(param);
             if (!subject)
                 subject = caster;
-            set_env_entity (spell->arg, &subject->bl);
-            free (param);
+            set_env_entity(spell->arg, &subject->bl);
+            free(param);
             break;
         }
 
-        case SPELLARG_NONE:
-            free (param);
+        case SPELLARG::NONE:
+            free(param);
             break;
 
         default:
-            free (param);
-            fprintf (stderr, "Unexpected spellarg type %d\n",
+            free(param);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "Unexpected spellarg type %d\n",
                      spell->spellarg_ty);
     }
 
-    set_env_entity (VAR_CASTER, &caster->bl);
-    set_env_int (VAR_SPELLPOWER, spellpower);
-    set_env_spell (VAR_SPELL, spell);
+    set_env_entity(VAR_CASTER, &caster->bl);
+    set_env_int(VAR_SPELLPOWER, spellpower);
+    set_env_spell(VAR_SPELL, spell);
 
     return env;
 }
 
-static void free_components (component_t ** component_holder)
+static
+void free_components(component_t ** component_holder)
 {
     if (*component_holder == NULL)
         return;
-    free_components (&(*component_holder)->next);
-    free (*component_holder);
+    free_components(&(*component_holder)->next);
+    free(*component_holder);
     *component_holder = NULL;
 }
 
-void magic_add_component (component_t ** component_holder, int id, int count)
+void magic_add_component(component_t ** component_holder, int id, int count)
 {
     if (count <= 0)
         return;
@@ -225,7 +248,7 @@ void magic_add_component (component_t ** component_holder, int id, int count)
     if (*component_holder == NULL)
     {
         component_t *component =
-            (component_t *) malloc (sizeof (component_t));
+            (component_t *) malloc(sizeof(component_t));
         component->next = NULL;
         component->item_id = id;
         component->count = count;
@@ -240,33 +263,35 @@ void magic_add_component (component_t ** component_holder, int id, int count)
             return;
         }
         else
-            magic_add_component (&component->next, id, count);
+            magic_add_component(&component->next, id, count);
         /* Tail-recurse; gcc can optimise this.  Not that it matters. */
     }
 }
 
-static void
-copy_components (component_t ** component_holder, component_t * component)
+static
+void copy_components(component_t ** component_holder, component_t *component)
 {
     if (component == NULL)
         return;
 
-    magic_add_component (component_holder, component->item_id,
+    magic_add_component(component_holder, component->item_id,
                          component->count);
-    copy_components (component_holder, component->next);
+    copy_components(component_holder, component->next);
 }
 
 typedef struct spellguard_check
 {
     component_t *catalysts, *components;
-    int  mana, casttime;
+    int mana;
+    interval_t casttime;
 } spellguard_check_t;
 
-static int check_prerequisites (character_t * caster, component_t * component)
+static
+int check_prerequisites(character_t *caster, component_t *component)
 {
     while (component)
     {
-        if (pc_count_all_items (caster, component->item_id)
+        if (pc_count_all_items(caster, component->item_id)
             < component->count)
             return 0;           /* insufficient */
 
@@ -276,59 +301,51 @@ static int check_prerequisites (character_t * caster, component_t * component)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static void consume_components (character_t * caster, component_t * component)
+static
+void consume_components(character_t *caster, component_t *component)
 {
     while (component)
     {
-        pc_remove_items (caster, component->item_id, component->count);
+        pc_remove_items(caster, component->item_id, component->count);
         component = component->next;
     }
 }
 
-static int
-spellguard_can_satisfy (spellguard_check_t * check, character_t * caster,
-                        env_t * env, int *near_miss)
+static
+int spellguard_can_satisfy(spellguard_check_t *check, character_t *caster,
+                        env_t *env, int *near_miss)
 {
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-
-    int  retval = check_prerequisites (caster, check->catalysts);
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
 
-/*
-        fprintf(stderr, "MC(%d/%s)? %d%d%d%d (%u <= %u)\n",
-                caster->bl.id, caster->status.name,
-                retval,
-                caster->cast_tick <= tick,
-                check->mana <= caster->status.sp,
-                check_prerequisites(caster, check->components),
-                caster->cast_tick, tick);
-*/
+    int retval = check_prerequisites(caster, check->catalysts);
 
     if (retval && near_miss)
         *near_miss = 1;         // close enough!
 
     retval = retval && caster->cast_tick <= tick    /* Hasn't cast a spell too recently */
         && check->mana <= caster->status.sp
-        && check_prerequisites (caster, check->components);
+        && check_prerequisites(caster, check->components);
 
     if (retval)
     {
-        unsigned int casttime = (unsigned int) check->casttime;
+        interval_t casttime = check->casttime;
 
-        if (VAR (VAR_MIN_CASTTIME).ty == TY_INT)
-            casttime = MAX (casttime, VAR (VAR_MIN_CASTTIME).v.v_int);
+        if (VAR(VAR_MIN_CASTTIME).ty == TYPE::INT)
+            casttime = max(casttime, static_cast<interval_t>(VAR(VAR_MIN_CASTTIME).v.v_int));
 
         caster->cast_tick = tick + casttime;    /* Make sure not to cast too frequently */
 
-        consume_components (caster, check->components);
-        pc_heal (caster, 0, -check->mana);
+        consume_components(caster, check->components);
+        pc_heal(caster, 0, -check->mana);
     }
 
     return retval;
 }
 
-static effect_set_t *spellguard_check_sub (spellguard_check_t * check,
-                                           spellguard_t * guard,
-                                           character_t * caster, env_t * env,
+static
+effect_set_t *spellguard_check_sub(spellguard_check_t *check,
+                                           spellguard_t *guard,
+                                           character_t *caster, env_t *env,
                                            int *near_miss)
 {
     if (guard == NULL)
@@ -336,20 +353,20 @@ static effect_set_t *spellguard_check_sub (spellguard_check_t * check,
 
     switch (guard->ty)
     {
-        case SPELLGUARD_CONDITION:
-            if (!magic_eval_int (env, guard->s.s_condition))
+        case SPELLGUARD::CONDITION:
+            if (!magic_eval_int(env, guard->s.s_condition))
                 return NULL;
             break;
 
-        case SPELLGUARD_COMPONENTS:
-            copy_components (&check->components, guard->s.s_components);
+        case SPELLGUARD::COMPONENTS:
+            copy_components(&check->components, guard->s.s_components);
             break;
 
-        case SPELLGUARD_CATALYSTS:
-            copy_components (&check->catalysts, guard->s.s_catalysts);
+        case SPELLGUARD::CATALYSTS:
+            copy_components(&check->catalysts, guard->s.s_catalysts);
             break;
 
-        case SPELLGUARD_CHOICE:
+        case SPELLGUARD::CHOICE:
         {
             spellguard_check_t altcheck = *check;
             effect_set_t *retval;
@@ -357,57 +374,60 @@ static effect_set_t *spellguard_check_sub (spellguard_check_t * check,
             altcheck.components = NULL;
             altcheck.catalysts = NULL;
 
-            copy_components (&altcheck.catalysts, check->catalysts);
-            copy_components (&altcheck.components, check->components);
+            copy_components(&altcheck.catalysts, check->catalysts);
+            copy_components(&altcheck.components, check->components);
 
             retval =
-                spellguard_check_sub (&altcheck, guard->next, caster, env,
+                spellguard_check_sub(&altcheck, guard->next, caster, env,
                                       near_miss);
-            free_components (&altcheck.catalysts);
-            free_components (&altcheck.components);
+            free_components(&altcheck.catalysts);
+            free_components(&altcheck.components);
             if (retval)
                 return retval;
             else
-                return spellguard_check_sub (check, guard->s.s_alt, caster,
+                return spellguard_check_sub(check, guard->s.s_alt, caster,
                                              env, near_miss);
         }
 
-        case SPELLGUARD_MANA:
-            check->mana += magic_eval_int (env, guard->s.s_mana);
+        case SPELLGUARD::MANA:
+            check->mana += magic_eval_int(env, guard->s.s_mana);
             break;
 
-        case SPELLGUARD_CASTTIME:
-            check->casttime += magic_eval_int (env, guard->s.s_mana);
+        case SPELLGUARD::CASTTIME:
+            check->casttime += static_cast<interval_t>(magic_eval_int(env, guard->s.s_mana));
             break;
 
-        case SPELLGUARD_EFFECT:
-            if (spellguard_can_satisfy (check, caster, env, near_miss))
+        case SPELLGUARD::EFFECT:
+            if (spellguard_can_satisfy(check, caster, env, near_miss))
                 return &guard->s.s_effect;
             else
                 return NULL;
 
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr, "Unexpected spellguard type %d\n", guard->ty);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "Unexpected spellguard type %d\n",
+                    guard->ty);
             return NULL;
     }
 
-    return spellguard_check_sub (check, guard->next, caster, env, near_miss);
+    return spellguard_check_sub(check, guard->next, caster, env, near_miss);
 }
 
-static effect_set_t *check_spellguard (spellguard_t * guard,
-                                       character_t * caster, env_t * env,
+static
+effect_set_t *check_spellguard(spellguard_t *guard,
+                                       character_t *caster, env_t *env,
                                        int *near_miss)
 {
     spellguard_check_t check;
     effect_set_t *retval;
     check.catalysts = NULL;
     check.components = NULL;
-    check.mana = check.casttime = 0;
+    check.mana = 0;
+    check.casttime = interval_t::zero();
 
-    retval = spellguard_check_sub (&check, guard, caster, env, near_miss);
+    retval = spellguard_check_sub(&check, guard, caster, env, near_miss);
 
-    free_components (&check.catalysts);
-    free_components (&check.components);
+    free_components(&check.catalysts);
+    free_components(&check.components);
 
     return retval;
 }
@@ -416,114 +436,115 @@ static effect_set_t *check_spellguard (spellguard_t * guard,
 /* Public API */
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-effect_set_t *spell_trigger (spell_t * spell, character_t * caster,
-                             env_t * env, int *near_miss)
+effect_set_t *spell_trigger(spell_t *spell, character_t *caster,
+                             env_t *env, int *near_miss)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     spellguard_t *guard = spell->spellguard;
 
     if (near_miss)
         *near_miss = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < spell->letdefs_nr; i++)
-        magic_eval (env,
+        magic_eval(env,
                     &env->vars[spell->letdefs[i].id], spell->letdefs[i].expr);
 
-    return check_spellguard (guard, caster, env, near_miss);
+    return check_spellguard(guard, caster, env, near_miss);
 }
 
-static void spell_set_location (invocation_t * invocation, entity_t * entity)
+static
+void spell_set_location(invocation_t *invocation, entity_t *entity)
 {
-    magic_clear_var (&invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION]);
-    invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION].ty = TY_LOCATION;
+    magic_clear_var(&invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION]);
+    invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION].ty = TYPE::LOCATION;
     invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION].v.v_location.m = entity->m;
     invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION].v.v_location.x = entity->x;
     invocation->env->vars[VAR_LOCATION].v.v_location.y = entity->y;
 }
 
-void spell_update_location (invocation_t * invocation)
+void spell_update_location(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
-    if (invocation->spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG_LOCAL)
+    if (bool(invocation->spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG::LOCAL))
         return;
     else
     {
-        character_t *owner = (character_t *) map_id2bl (invocation->subject);
+        character_t *owner = (character_t *) map_id2bl(invocation->subject);
         if (!owner)
             return;
 
-        spell_set_location (invocation, (entity_t *) owner);
+        spell_set_location(invocation, (entity_t *) owner);
     }
 }
 
-invocation_t *spell_instantiate (effect_set_t * effect_set, env_t * env)
+invocation_t *spell_instantiate(effect_set_t *effect_set, env_t *env)
 {
     invocation_t *retval;
-    CREATE (retval, invocation_t, 1);
+    CREATE(retval, invocation_t, 1);
     entity_t *caster;
 
     retval->env = env;
 
-    retval->caster = VAR (VAR_CASTER).v.v_int;
-    retval->spell = VAR (VAR_SPELL).v.v_spell;
+    retval->caster = VAR(VAR_CASTER).v.v_int;
+    retval->spell = VAR(VAR_SPELL).v.v_spell;
     retval->stack_size = 0;
     retval->current_effect = effect_set->effect;
     retval->trigger_effect = effect_set->at_trigger;
     retval->end_effect = effect_set->at_end;
 
-    caster = map_id2bl (retval->caster);    // must still exist
-    retval->bl.id = map_addobject (&retval->bl);
-    retval->bl.type = BL_SPELL;
+    caster = map_id2bl(retval->caster);    // must still exist
+    retval->bl.id = map_addobject(&retval->bl);
+    retval->bl.type = BL::SPELL;
     retval->bl.m = caster->m;
     retval->bl.x = caster->x;
     retval->bl.y = caster->y;
 
-    map_addblock (&retval->bl);
-    set_env_invocation (VAR_INVOCATION, retval);
+    map_addblock(&retval->bl);
+    set_env_invocation(VAR_INVOCATION, retval);
 
     return retval;
 }
 
-invocation_t *spell_clone_effect (invocation_t * base)
+invocation_t *spell_clone_effect(invocation_t *base)
 {
-    invocation_t *retval = (invocation_t *) malloc (sizeof (invocation_t));
+    invocation_t *retval = (invocation_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(invocation_t));
     env_t *env;
 
-    memcpy (retval, base, sizeof (invocation_t));
+    memcpy(retval, base, sizeof(invocation_t));
 
-    retval->env = clone_env (retval->env);
+    retval->env = clone_env(retval->env);
     env = retval->env;
     retval->current_effect = retval->trigger_effect;
     retval->next_invocation = NULL;
     retval->end_effect = NULL;
     retval->script_pos = 0;
     retval->stack_size = 0;
-    retval->timer = 0;
+    // retval->timer = 0;
     retval->subject = 0;
     retval->status_change_refs_nr = 0;
     retval->status_change_refs = NULL;
-    retval->flags = 0;
+    retval->flags = INVOCATION_FLAG::ZERO;
 
     retval->bl.id = 0;
     retval->bl.prev = NULL;
     retval->bl.next = NULL;
 
-    retval->bl.id = map_addobject (&retval->bl);
-    set_env_invocation (VAR_INVOCATION, retval);
+    retval->bl.id = map_addobject(&retval->bl);
+    set_env_invocation(VAR_INVOCATION, retval);
 
     return retval;
 }
 
-void spell_bind (character_t * subject, invocation_t * invocation)
+void spell_bind(character_t *subject, invocation_t *invocation)
 {
     /* Only bind nonlocal spells */
 
-    if (!(invocation->spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG_LOCAL))
+    if (!bool(invocation->spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG::LOCAL))
     {
-        if (invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG_BOUND
+        if (bool(invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG::BOUND)
             || invocation->subject || invocation->next_invocation)
         {
             int *i = NULL;
-            fprintf (stderr,
+            FPRINTF(stderr,
                      "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: Attempt to re-bind spell invocation `%s'\n",
                      invocation->spell->name);
             *i = 1;
@@ -532,14 +553,14 @@ void spell_bind (character_t * subject, invocation_t * invocation)
 
         invocation->next_invocation = subject->active_spells;
         subject->active_spells = invocation;
-        invocation->flags |= INVOCATION_FLAG_BOUND;
+        invocation->flags |= INVOCATION_FLAG::BOUND;
         invocation->subject = subject->bl.id;
     }
 
-    spell_set_location (invocation, (entity_t *) subject);
+    spell_set_location(invocation, (entity_t *) subject);
 }
 
-int spell_unbind (character_t * subject, invocation_t * invocation)
+int spell_unbind(character_t *subject, invocation_t *invocation)
 {
     invocation_t **seeker = &subject->active_spells;
 
@@ -549,7 +570,7 @@ int spell_unbind (character_t * subject, invocation_t * invocation)
         {
             *seeker = invocation->next_invocation;
 
-            invocation->flags &= ~INVOCATION_FLAG_BOUND;
+            invocation->flags &= ~INVOCATION_FLAG::BOUND;
             invocation->next_invocation = NULL;
             invocation->subject = 0;
 
diff --git a/src/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.lpp b/src/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.lpp
index c7f9c09..96598a3 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.lpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-interpreter-lexer.lpp
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 %{
-#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
 #include "magic-interpreter-parser.hpp"
 
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+
 #ifdef HEADING
-#  undef HEADING
+# error "what platform is this? please tell me who #defined HEADING"
 #endif
 
 #define FIXLOC magic_frontend_lloc.first_line = magic_frontend_lineno
 
 #define HEADING(dir) { magic_frontend_lval.i = dir; FIXLOC; return DIR; }
 
+// silence compiler warnings
+#define YY_USER_INIT (void)yylval, (void)yylloc
 %}
 
 %option yylineno
@@ -21,86 +24,86 @@
 
 %%
 
-"S"			HEADING(0);
-"SW"			HEADING(1);
-"W"			HEADING(2);
-"NW"			HEADING(3);
-"N"			HEADING(4);
-"NE"			HEADING(5);
-"E"			HEADING(6);
-"SE"			HEADING(7);
-"="			{FIXLOC; return '=';}
-"=="			{FIXLOC; return EQ;}
-"<>"			{FIXLOC; return NEQ;}
-"!="			{FIXLOC; return NEQ;}
-">"			{FIXLOC; return '>';}
-"<"			{FIXLOC; return '<';}
-">="			{FIXLOC; return GTE;}
-"<="			{FIXLOC; return LTE;}
-"("			{FIXLOC; return '(';}
-")"			{FIXLOC; return ')';}
-"+"			{FIXLOC; return '+';}
-"-"			{FIXLOC; return '-';}
-"*"			{FIXLOC; return '*';}
-"/"			{FIXLOC; return '/';}
-"%"			{FIXLOC; return '%';}
-"&&"			{FIXLOC; return ANDAND;}
-"||"			{FIXLOC; return OROR;}
-";"			{FIXLOC; return ';';}
-":"			{FIXLOC; return ':';}
-","			{FIXLOC; return ',';}
-"@"			{FIXLOC; return '@';}
-"|"			{FIXLOC; return '|';}
-"["			{FIXLOC; return '[';}
-"]"			{FIXLOC; return ']';}
-"&"			{FIXLOC; return '&';}
-"^"			{FIXLOC; return '^';}
-"."			{FIXLOC; return '.';}
-"<<"			{FIXLOC; return SHL;}
-">>"			{FIXLOC; return SHR;}
-"PROCEDURE"		{FIXLOC; return PROCEDURE;}
-"CALL"			{FIXLOC; return CALL;}
-"OR"			{FIXLOC; return OR;}
-"TO"			{FIXLOC; return TO;}
-"TOWARDS"		{FIXLOC; return TOWARDS;}
-"TELEPORT-ANCHOR"	{FIXLOC; return TELEPORT_ANCHOR;}
-"SILENT"		{FIXLOC; return SILENT;}
-"LOCAL"			{FIXLOC; return LOCAL;}
-"NONMAGIC"		{FIXLOC; return NONMAGIC;}
-"SPELL"			{FIXLOC; return SPELL;}
-"LET"			{FIXLOC; return LET;}
-"IN"			{FIXLOC; return IN;}
-"END"			{FIXLOC; return END;}
-"=>"			{FIXLOC; return DARROW;}
-"STRING"		{FIXLOC; return STRING_TY;}
-"REQUIRE"		{FIXLOC; return REQUIRE;}
-"CATALYSTS"		{FIXLOC; return CATALYSTS;}
-"COMPONENTS"		{FIXLOC; return COMPONENTS;}
-"MANA"			{FIXLOC; return MANA;}
-"CASTTIME"		{FIXLOC; return CASTTIME;}
-"SKIP"			{FIXLOC; return SKIP;}
-"ABORT"			{FIXLOC; return ABORT;}
-"BREAK"			{FIXLOC; return BREAK;}
-"EFFECT"		{FIXLOC; return EFFECT;}
-"ATEND"			{FIXLOC; return ATEND;}
-"ATTRIGGER"		{FIXLOC; return ATTRIGGER;}
-"CONST"			{FIXLOC; return CONST;}
-"PC"			{FIXLOC; return PC_F;}
-"NPC"			{FIXLOC; return NPC_F;}
-"MOB"			{FIXLOC; return MOB_F;}
-"ENTITY"		{FIXLOC; return ENTITY_F;}
-"TARGET"		{FIXLOC; return TARGET_F;}
-"IF"			{FIXLOC; return IF;}
-"THEN"			{FIXLOC; return THEN;}
-"ELSE"			{FIXLOC; return ELSE;}
-"FOREACH"		{FIXLOC; return FOREACH;}
-"FOR"			{FIXLOC; return FOR;}
-"DO"			{FIXLOC; return DO;}
-"WAIT"			{FIXLOC; return SLEEP;}
+"S"                     HEADING(0);
+"SW"                    HEADING(1);
+"W"                     HEADING(2);
+"NW"                    HEADING(3);
+"N"                     HEADING(4);
+"NE"                    HEADING(5);
+"E"                     HEADING(6);
+"SE"                    HEADING(7);
+"="                     {FIXLOC; return '=';}
+"=="                    {FIXLOC; return EQ;}
+"<>"                    {FIXLOC; return NEQ;}
+"!="                    {FIXLOC; return NEQ;}
+">"                     {FIXLOC; return '>';}
+"<"                     {FIXLOC; return '<';}
+">="                    {FIXLOC; return GTE;}
+"<="                    {FIXLOC; return LTE;}
+"("                     {FIXLOC; return '(';}
+")"                     {FIXLOC; return ')';}
+"+"                     {FIXLOC; return '+';}
+"-"                     {FIXLOC; return '-';}
+"*"                     {FIXLOC; return '*';}
+"/"                     {FIXLOC; return '/';}
+"%"                     {FIXLOC; return '%';}
+"&&"                    {FIXLOC; return ANDAND;}
+"||"                    {FIXLOC; return OROR;}
+";"                     {FIXLOC; return ';';}
+":"                     {FIXLOC; return ':';}
+","                     {FIXLOC; return ',';}
+"@"                     {FIXLOC; return '@';}
+"|"                     {FIXLOC; return '|';}
+"["                     {FIXLOC; return '[';}
+"]"                     {FIXLOC; return ']';}
+"&"                     {FIXLOC; return '&';}
+"^"                     {FIXLOC; return '^';}
+"."                     {FIXLOC; return '.';}
+"<<"                    {FIXLOC; return SHL;}
+">>"                    {FIXLOC; return SHR;}
+"PROCEDURE"             {FIXLOC; return PROCEDURE;}
+"CALL"                  {FIXLOC; return CALL;}
+"OR"                    {FIXLOC; return OR;}
+"TO"                    {FIXLOC; return TO;}
+"TOWARDS"               {FIXLOC; return TOWARDS;}
+"TELEPORT-ANCHOR"       {FIXLOC; return TELEPORT_ANCHOR;}
+"SILENT"                {FIXLOC; return SILENT;}
+"LOCAL"                 {FIXLOC; return LOCAL;}
+"NONMAGIC"              {FIXLOC; return NONMAGIC;}
+"SPELL"                 {FIXLOC; return SPELL;}
+"LET"                   {FIXLOC; return LET;}
+"IN"                    {FIXLOC; return IN;}
+"END"                   {FIXLOC; return END;}
+"=>"                    {FIXLOC; return DARROW;}
+"STRING"                {FIXLOC; return STRING_TY;}
+"REQUIRE"               {FIXLOC; return REQUIRE;}
+"CATALYSTS"             {FIXLOC; return CATALYSTS;}
+"COMPONENTS"            {FIXLOC; return COMPONENTS;}
+"MANA"                  {FIXLOC; return MANA;}
+"CASTTIME"              {FIXLOC; return CASTTIME;}
+"SKIP"                  {FIXLOC; return SKIP;}
+"ABORT"                 {FIXLOC; return ABORT;}
+"BREAK"                 {FIXLOC; return BREAK;}
+"EFFECT"                {FIXLOC; return EFFECT_;}
+"ATEND"                 {FIXLOC; return ATEND;}
+"ATTRIGGER"             {FIXLOC; return ATTRIGGER;}
+"CONST"                 {FIXLOC; return CONST;}
+"PC"                    {FIXLOC; return PC_F;}
+"NPC"                   {FIXLOC; return NPC_F;}
+"MOB"                   {FIXLOC; return MOB_F;}
+"ENTITY"                {FIXLOC; return ENTITY_F;}
+"TARGET"                {FIXLOC; return TARGET_F;}
+"IF"                    {FIXLOC; return IF;}
+"THEN"                  {FIXLOC; return THEN;}
+"ELSE"                  {FIXLOC; return ELSE;}
+"FOREACH"               {FIXLOC; return FOREACH;}
+"FOR"                   {FIXLOC; return FOR;}
+"DO"                    {FIXLOC; return DO;}
+"WAIT"                  {FIXLOC; return SLEEP;}
 
 \{([^\}]|\\.)*\} { char *string = strdup(yytext);
                    magic_frontend_lval.s = string;
-		   FIXLOC;
+                   FIXLOC;
                    return SCRIPT_DATA;
                    }
 
@@ -115,26 +118,26 @@
                            *dst++ = *src++;
                    *dst = '\0'; /* terminate */
                    magic_frontend_lval.s = string;
-		   FIXLOC;
+                   FIXLOC;
                    return STRING;
                    }
 
-"-"?[0-9]+	    { magic_frontend_lval.i = atoi(yytext);
-		      FIXLOC;
+"-"?[0-9]+          { magic_frontend_lval.i = atoi(yytext);
+                      FIXLOC;
                       return INT; }
 
 "0x"[0-9a-fA-F]+    { magic_frontend_lval.i = strtol(yytext + 2, NULL, 16);
-		      FIXLOC;
+                      FIXLOC;
                       return INT; }
 
 [a-zA-Z][-_a-zA-Z0-9?!]*  { magic_frontend_lval.s = strdup(yytext);
-		            FIXLOC;
+                            FIXLOC;
                             return ID; }
 
-"#".*$		/* Ignore comments */
-"//".*$		/* Ignore comments */
-[ \n\t\r]	/* ignore whitespace */	
-.       	fprintf(stderr, "%s: Unexpected character in line %d\n", MAGIC_CONFIG_FILE, magic_frontend_lineno);
+"#".*$          /* Ignore comments */
+"//".*$         /* Ignore comments */
+[ \n\t\r]       /* ignore whitespace */
+.               FPRINTF(stderr, "%s: Unexpected character in line %d\n", MAGIC_CONFIG_FILE, magic_frontend_lineno);
 
 
 %%
diff --git a/src/map/magic-interpreter-parser.ypp b/src/map/magic-interpreter-parser.ypp
index 5fe2646..dd62edf 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-interpreter-parser.ypp
+++ b/src/map/magic-interpreter-parser.ypp
@@ -1,71 +1,84 @@
 %code requires {
-#include "magic-expr.hpp"
+#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
 }
 %code{
 #include "magic-interpreter-parser.hpp"
 
-#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <cstdarg> // exception to "no va_list" rule, even after cxxstdio
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+
+#include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "magic-expr.hpp"
 
 #define YYLEX_PARAM 0, 0
 
-static int
-intern_id(const char *id_name);
+static
+int intern_id(const char *id_name);
 
 
-static expr_t *
-fun_expr(const char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column);
+static
+expr_t *fun_expr(const char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column);
 
-static expr_t *
-dot_expr(expr_t *lhs, int id);
+static
+expr_t *dot_expr(expr_t *lhs, int id);
 
-#define BIN_EXPR(x, name, arg1, arg2, line, column) { expr_t *e[2]; e[0] = arg1; e[1] = arg2; x = fun_expr(name, 2, e, line, column); }
+static
+void BIN_EXPR(expr_t *& x, const char *name, expr_t *arg1, expr_t *arg2, int line, int column)
+{
+    expr_t *e[2];
+    e[0] = arg1;
+    e[1] = arg2;
+    x = fun_expr(name, 2, e, line, column);
+}
 
-static int failed_flag = 0;
+static
+int failed_flag = 0;
 
-static void
-magic_frontend_error(const char *msg);
+static
+void magic_frontend_error(const char *msg);
 
-static void
-fail(int line, int column, const char *fmt, ...);
+static
+void fail(int line, int column, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-static spell_t *
-new_spell(spellguard_t *guard);
+static
+spell_t *new_spell(spellguard_t *guard);
 
-static spellguard_t *
-spellguard_implication(spellguard_t *a, spellguard_t *b);
+static
+spellguard_t *spellguard_implication(spellguard_t *a, spellguard_t *b);
 
-static spellguard_t *
-new_spellguard(int ty);
+static
+spellguard_t *new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD ty);
 
-static effect_t *
-new_effect(int ty);
+static
+effect_t *new_effect(EFFECT ty);
 
-static effect_t *
-set_effect_continuation(effect_t *src, effect_t *continuation);
+static
+effect_t *set_effect_continuation(effect_t *src, effect_t *continuation);
 
-static void
-add_spell(spell_t *spell, int line_nr);
+static
+void add_spell(spell_t *spell, int line_nr);
 
-static void
-add_teleport_anchor(teleport_anchor_t *anchor, int line_nr);
+static
+void add_teleport_anchor(teleport_anchor_t *anchor, int line_nr);
 
-static effect_t *
-op_effect(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column);
+static
+effect_t *op_effect(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column);
 
+// in magic-interpreter-lexer.cpp
 int magic_frontend_lex(YYSTYPE *, YYLTYPE *);
 
-static void
-install_proc(proc_t *proc);
+static
+void install_proc(proc_t *proc);
 
-static effect_t *
-call_proc(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line_nr, int column);
+static
+effect_t *call_proc(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line_nr, int column);
 
-static void
-bind_constant(char *name, val_t *val, int line_nr);
+static
+void bind_constant(char *name, val_t *val, int line_nr);
 
-static val_t *
-find_constant(char *name);
+static
+val_t *find_constant(char *name);
 
 }
 
@@ -75,6 +88,9 @@ find_constant(char *name);
 
 %union {
     int i;
+    SPELL_FLAG spell_flags;
+    SPELLARG spell_arg;
+    FOREACH_FILTER foreach_filter;
     char *s;
     int op;
     magic_conf_t *magic_conf;
@@ -85,7 +101,7 @@ find_constant(char *name);
     args_rec_t arg_list;
     struct { int letdefs_nr; letdef_t *letdefs; } letdefs;
     spell_t *spell;
-    struct { int id, ty; } spellarg_def;
+    struct { int id; SPELLARG ty; } spellarg_def;
     letdef_t vardef;
     spellguard_t *spellguard;
     component_t *components;
@@ -152,7 +168,7 @@ find_constant(char *name);
 %token SKIP
 %token ABORT
 %token BREAK
-%token EFFECT
+%token EFFECT_
 %token ATEND
 %token ATTRIGGER
 %token PC_F
@@ -186,15 +202,15 @@ find_constant(char *name);
 %type <components> items
 %type <components> item_list
 %type <i> item_name
-%type <i> selection;
+%type <foreach_filter> selection;
 %type <effect> effect
 %type <effect> effect_list
 %type <effect> maybe_trigger
 %type <effect> maybe_end
-%type <i> spell_flags;
+%type <spell_flags> spell_flags;
 
 %type <expr> expr
-%type <i> arg_ty
+%type <spell_arg> arg_ty
 %type <proc> proc_formals_list
 %type <proc> proc_formals_list_ne
 
@@ -211,41 +227,41 @@ find_constant(char *name);
 
 %%
 
-spellconf		: /* empty */
+spellconf               : /* empty */
                           {}
                         | spellconf_option semicolons spellconf
                           {}
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-semicolons		: /* empty */
-			  {}
+semicolons              : /* empty */
+                          {}
                         | semicolons ';'
                           {}
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-proc_formals_list	: /* empty  */
-                          { CREATE ($$, proc_t, 1); }
-			| proc_formals_list_ne
+proc_formals_list       : /* empty  */
+                          { CREATE($$, proc_t, 1); }
+                        | proc_formals_list_ne
                           { $$ = $1; }
-			;
+                        ;
 
-proc_formals_list_ne	: ID
-                          { CREATE ($$, proc_t, 1);
+proc_formals_list_ne    : ID
+                          { CREATE($$, proc_t, 1);
                             $$->args_nr = 1;
                             $$->args = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
                             $$->args[0] = intern_id($1);
                           }
-			| proc_formals_list_ne ',' ID
+                        | proc_formals_list_ne ',' ID
                           { $$ = $1;
                             $$->args = (int*)realloc($$->args, sizeof(int) * (1 + $$->args_nr));
                             $$->args[$$->args_nr++] = intern_id($3);
                           }
-			;
+                        ;
 
-spellconf_option	: ID '=' expr
-			  {
+spellconf_option        : ID '=' expr
+                          {
                             int var_id;
                             if (find_constant($1)) {
                                     fail(@1.first_line, 0, "Attempt to redefine constant `%s' as global\n", $1);
@@ -255,8 +271,8 @@ spellconf_option	: ID '=' expr
                                     magic_eval(&magic_default_env, &magic_conf.vars[var_id], $3);
                             }
                           }
-			| CONST ID '=' expr
-			  {
+                        | CONST ID '=' expr
+                          {
                             val_t var;
                             magic_eval(&magic_default_env, &var, $4);
                             bind_constant($2, &var, @1.first_line);
@@ -264,7 +280,7 @@ spellconf_option	: ID '=' expr
                         | TELEPORT_ANCHOR ID ':' expr '=' expr
                           {
                               teleport_anchor_t *anchor;
-                              CREATE (anchor, teleport_anchor_t, 1);
+                              CREATE(anchor, teleport_anchor_t, 1);
                               anchor->name = $2;
                               anchor->invocation = magic_eval_str(&magic_default_env, $4);
                               anchor->location = $6;
@@ -275,7 +291,7 @@ spellconf_option	: ID '=' expr
                                   free(anchor);
                               failed_flag = 0;
                           }
-			| PROCEDURE ID '(' proc_formals_list ')' '=' effect_list
+                        | PROCEDURE ID '(' proc_formals_list ')' '=' effect_list
                           {
                               proc_t *proc = $4;
                               proc->name = $2;
@@ -296,27 +312,27 @@ spellconf_option	: ID '=' expr
                             failed_flag = 0;
                           }
 
-spell_flags		: /* empty */
-				{ $$ = 0; }
-			| LOCAL spell_flags
-                        	{ if ($2 & SPELL_FLAG_LOCAL)
+spell_flags             : /* empty */
+                                { $$ = SPELL_FLAG::ZERO; }
+                        | LOCAL spell_flags
+                                { if (bool($2 & SPELL_FLAG::LOCAL))
                                         fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "`LOCAL' specified more than once");
-                                   $$ = $2 | SPELL_FLAG_LOCAL;
+                                   $$ = $2 | SPELL_FLAG::LOCAL;
                                 }
-			| NONMAGIC spell_flags
-                        	{ if ($2 & SPELL_FLAG_NONMAGIC)
+                        | NONMAGIC spell_flags
+                                { if (bool($2 & SPELL_FLAG::NONMAGIC))
                                         fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "`NONMAGIC' specified more than once");
-                                   $$ = $2 | SPELL_FLAG_NONMAGIC;
+                                   $$ = $2 | SPELL_FLAG::NONMAGIC;
                                 }
-			| SILENT spell_flags
-                        	{ if ($2 & SPELL_FLAG_SILENT)
+                        | SILENT spell_flags
+                                { if (bool($2 & SPELL_FLAG::SILENT))
                                         fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "`SILENT' specified more than once");
-                                   $$ = $2 | SPELL_FLAG_SILENT;
+                                   $$ = $2 | SPELL_FLAG::SILENT;
                                 }
 
 
-argopt			: /* empty */
-                          { $$.ty = SPELLARG_NONE; }
+argopt                  : /* empty */
+                          { $$.ty = SPELLARG::NONE; }
                         | '(' ID ':' arg_ty ')'
                           { $$.id = intern_id($2);
                             $$.ty = $4; }
@@ -324,160 +340,160 @@ argopt			: /* empty */
 
 
 arg_ty                  : PC_F
-                          { $$ = SPELLARG_PC; }
+                          { $$ = SPELLARG::PC; }
                         | STRING_TY
-                          { $$ = SPELLARG_STRING; }
+                          { $$ = SPELLARG::STRING; }
                         ;
 
 
-value			: DIR
-				{ $$.ty = TY_DIR;
+value                   : DIR
+                                { $$.ty = TYPE::DIR;
                                   $$.v.v_int = $1; }
-			| INT
-				{ $$.ty = TY_INT;
+                        | INT
+                                { $$.ty = TYPE::INT;
                                   $$.v.v_int = $1; }
-			| STRING
-				{ $$.ty = TY_STRING;
+                        | STRING
+                                { $$.ty = TYPE::STRING;
                                   $$.v.v_string = $1; }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-expr			: value
-				{ $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR_VAL);
+expr                    : value
+                                { $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR::VAL);
                                   $$->e.e_val = $1; }
-			| ID
-				{
+                        | ID
+                                {
                                         val_t *val;
                                         if ((val = find_constant($1))) {
-                                                $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR_VAL);
+                                                $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR::VAL);
                                                 $$->e.e_val = *val;
                                         } else {
-                                                $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR_ID);
+                                                $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR::ID);
                                                 $$->e.e_id = intern_id($1);
                                         }
                                 }
-			| area
-				{ $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR_AREA);
+                        | area
+                                { $$ = magic_new_expr(EXPR::AREA);
                                   $$->e.e_area = $1; }
-			| expr '+' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "+", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '-' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "-", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '*' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "*", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '%' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "%", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '/' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "/", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '<' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, ">", $3, $1, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '>' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, ">", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '&' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "&", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '^' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "^", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '|' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "|", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr SHL expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "<<", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr SHR expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, ">>", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr LTE expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, ">=", $3, $1, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr GTE expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, ">=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr ANDAND expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "&&", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr OROR expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "||", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr EQ expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr '=' expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| expr NEQ expr
-	                        { BIN_EXPR($$, "=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
+                        | expr '+' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "+", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '-' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "-", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '*' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "*", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '%' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "%", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '/' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "/", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '<' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, ">", $3, $1, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '>' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, ">", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '&' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "&", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '^' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "^", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '|' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "|", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr SHL expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "<<", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr SHR expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, ">>", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr LTE expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, ">=", $3, $1, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr GTE expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, ">=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr ANDAND expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "&&", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr OROR expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "||", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr EQ expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr '=' expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
+                        | expr NEQ expr
+                                { BIN_EXPR($$, "=", $1, $3, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
                                   $$ = fun_expr("not", 1, &$$, @1.first_line, @1.first_column); }
-			| ID '(' arg_list ')'
-                        	{ $$ = fun_expr($1, $3.args_nr, $3.args, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
+                        | ID '(' arg_list ')'
+                                { $$ = fun_expr($1, $3.args_nr, $3.args, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
                                   if ($3.args)
                                           free($3.args);
                                   free($1); }
-			| '(' expr ')'
-                        	{ $$ = $2; }
-			| expr '.' ID
-                        	{ $$ = dot_expr($1, intern_id($3)); }
-			;
+                        | '(' expr ')'
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        | expr '.' ID
+                                { $$ = dot_expr($1, intern_id($3)); }
+                        ;
 
-arg_list		: /* empty */
-				{ $$.args_nr = 0; }
-			| arg_list_ne
-				{ $$ = $1; }
-			;
+arg_list                : /* empty */
+                                { $$.args_nr = 0; }
+                        | arg_list_ne
+                                { $$ = $1; }
+                        ;
 
 
-arg_list_ne		: expr
-				{ CREATE($$.args, expr_t *, 1);
+arg_list_ne             : expr
+                                { CREATE($$.args, expr_t *, 1);
                                   $$.args_nr = 1;
                                   $$.args[0] = $1;
                                 }
-			| arg_list_ne ',' expr
-                        	{ RECREATE($$.args, expr_t *, 1 + $$.args_nr);
+                        | arg_list_ne ',' expr
+                                { RECREATE($$.args, expr_t *, 1 + $$.args_nr);
                                   $$.args[$$.args_nr++] = $3;
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-location		: '@' '(' expr ',' expr ',' expr ')'
-				{ $$.m = $3; $$.x = $5; $$.y = $7; }
-			;
+location                : '@' '(' expr ',' expr ',' expr ')'
+                                { $$.m = $3; $$.x = $5; $$.y = $7; }
+                        ;
 
-area			: location
-				{ $$.ty = AREA_LOCATION;
+area                    : location
+                                { $$.ty = AREA::LOCATION;
                                   $$.a.a_loc = $1;
-				}
-			| location '@' '+' '(' expr ',' expr ')'
-				{ $$.ty = AREA_RECT;
+                                }
+                        | location '@' '+' '(' expr ',' expr ')'
+                                { $$.ty = AREA::RECT;
                                   $$.a.a_rect.loc = $1;
                                   $$.a.a_rect.width = $5;
                                   $$.a.a_rect.height = $7;
                                 }
-			| location TOWARDS expr ':' '(' expr ',' expr ')'
-				{ $$.ty = AREA_BAR;
+                        | location TOWARDS expr ':' '(' expr ',' expr ')'
+                                { $$.ty = AREA::BAR;
                                   $$.a.a_bar.loc = $1;
                                   $$.a.a_bar.width = $6;
                                   $$.a.a_bar.depth = $8;
                                   $$.a.a_bar.dir = $3;
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-spelldef		: spellbody_list
+spelldef                : spellbody_list
                                 {  $$ = new_spell($1); }
-			| LET defs IN spellbody_list
+                        | LET defs IN spellbody_list
                                 {  $$ = new_spell($4);
                                    $$->letdefs_nr = $2.letdefs_nr;
                                    $$->letdefs = $2.letdefs;
                                    $$->spellguard = $4;
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-defs			: semicolons
-				{ $$.letdefs_nr = 0;
+defs                    : semicolons
+                                { $$.letdefs_nr = 0;
                                   CREATE($$.letdefs, letdef_t, 1);
                                 }
-			| defs def semicolons
-	                        { $$ = $1;
+                        | defs def semicolons
+                                { $$ = $1;
                                   $$.letdefs_nr++;
-                                  RECREATE ($$.letdefs, letdef_t, $$.letdefs_nr);
+                                  RECREATE($$.letdefs, letdef_t, $$.letdefs_nr);
                                   $$.letdefs[$1.letdefs_nr] = $2;
                                 }
                         ;
 
 
-def			: ID '=' expr
-				{
+def                     : ID '=' expr
+                                {
                                         if (find_constant($1)) {
                                                 fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "Attempt to re-define constant `%s' as LET-bound variable.\n", $1);
                                                 free($1);
@@ -486,216 +502,216 @@ def			: ID '=' expr
                                                 $$.expr = $3;
                                         }
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-spellbody_list		: spellbody
-				{ $$ = $1; }
-			| spellbody '|' spellbody_list
-                        	{ spellguard_t *sg = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_CHOICE);
+spellbody_list          : spellbody
+                                { $$ = $1; }
+                        | spellbody '|' spellbody_list
+                                { spellguard_t *sg = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::CHOICE);
                                   sg->next = $1;
                                   sg->s.s_alt = $3;
                                   $$ = sg;
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-spellbody		: spellguard DARROW spellbody
-				{ $$ = spellguard_implication($1, $3); }
-			| '(' spellbody_list ')'
-                        	{ $$ = $2; }
-			| EFFECT effect_list maybe_trigger maybe_end
-                        	{ spellguard_t *sg = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_EFFECT);
+spellbody               : spellguard DARROW spellbody
+                                { $$ = spellguard_implication($1, $3); }
+                        | '(' spellbody_list ')'
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        | EFFECT_ effect_list maybe_trigger maybe_end
+                                { spellguard_t *sg = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::EFFECT);
                                   sg->s.s_effect.effect = $2;
                                   sg->s.s_effect.at_trigger = $3;
                                   sg->s.s_effect.at_end = $4;
                                   $$ = sg;
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-maybe_trigger		: /* empty */
-				{ $$ = NULL; }
-			| ATTRIGGER effect_list
-				{ $$ = $2; }
-			;
+maybe_trigger           : /* empty */
+                                { $$ = NULL; }
+                        | ATTRIGGER effect_list
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        ;
 
 
-maybe_end		: /* empty */
-				{ $$ = NULL; }
-			| ATEND effect_list
-				{ $$ = $2; }
-			;
+maybe_end               : /* empty */
+                                { $$ = NULL; }
+                        | ATEND effect_list
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        ;
 
 
-spellguard		: prereq
-				{ $$ = $1; }
-			| spellguard OR spellguard
-                        	{ spellguard_t *sg = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_CHOICE);
+spellguard              : prereq
+                                { $$ = $1; }
+                        | spellguard OR spellguard
+                                { spellguard_t *sg = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::CHOICE);
                                   sg->next = $1;
                                   sg->s.s_alt = $3;
                                   $$ = sg;
                                 }
-			| '(' spellguard_list ')'
-                        	{ $$ = $2; }
-			;
+                        | '(' spellguard_list ')'
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        ;
 
 
-spellguard_list		: spellguard
-				{ $$ = $1; }
-			| spellguard ',' spellguard_list
-                        	{ $$ = spellguard_implication ($1, $3); }
-			;
+spellguard_list         : spellguard
+                                { $$ = $1; }
+                        | spellguard ',' spellguard_list
+                                { $$ = spellguard_implication($1, $3); }
+                        ;
 
 
-prereq			: REQUIRE expr
-				{ $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_CONDITION);
+prereq                  : REQUIRE expr
+                                { $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::CONDITION);
                                   $$->s.s_condition = $2;
                                 }
-			| CATALYSTS items
-				{ $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_CATALYSTS);
+                        | CATALYSTS items
+                                { $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::CATALYSTS);
                                   $$->s.s_catalysts = $2;
                                 }
-			| COMPONENTS items
-				{ $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_COMPONENTS);
+                        | COMPONENTS items
+                                { $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::COMPONENTS);
                                   $$->s.s_components = $2;
                                 }
-			| MANA expr
-				{ $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_MANA);
+                        | MANA expr
+                                { $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::MANA);
                                   $$->s.s_mana = $2;
                                 }
-			| CASTTIME expr
-				{ $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD_CASTTIME);
+                        | CASTTIME expr
+                                { $$ = new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD::CASTTIME);
                                   $$->s.s_casttime = $2;
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-items			: '[' item_list ']'
-				{ $$ = $2; }
-			;
+items                   : '[' item_list ']'
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        ;
 
 
-item_list		: item
-				{ $$ = NULL;
+item_list               : item
+                                { $$ = NULL;
                                   magic_add_component(&$$, $1.id, $1.count);
                                 }
-			| item_list ',' item
-				{ $$ = $1;
+                        | item_list ',' item
+                                { $$ = $1;
                                   magic_add_component(&$$, $3.id, $3.count);
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
 
-item			: INT '*' item_name
-				{ $$.id = $3; $$.count = $1; }
-			| item_name
-				{ $$.id = $1; $$.count = 1; }
-			;
+item                    : INT '*' item_name
+                                { $$.id = $3; $$.count = $1; }
+                        | item_name
+                                { $$.id = $1; $$.count = 1; }
+                        ;
 
 
-item_name		: STRING
-				{ struct item_data *item = itemdb_searchname($1);
+item_name               : STRING
+                                { struct item_data *item = itemdb_searchname($1);
                                   if (!item) {
-                                          fail (@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "Unknown item `%s'\n", $1);
+                                          fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "Unknown item `%s'\n", $1);
                                           $$ = 0;
                                   } else
                                           $$ = item->nameid;
-                                  free ($1);
+                                  free($1);
                                 }
-			| INT
-				{ $$ = $1; }
-			;
-
-
-selection		: PC_F
-				{ $$ = FOREACH_FILTER_PC; }
-			| MOB_F
-				{ $$ = FOREACH_FILTER_MOB; }
-			| ENTITY_F
-				{ $$ = FOREACH_FILTER_ENTITY; }
-			| SPELL
-				{ $$ = FOREACH_FILTER_SPELL; }
-			| TARGET_F
-				{ $$ = FOREACH_FILTER_TARGET; }
-			| NPC_F
-				{ $$ = FOREACH_FILTER_NPC; }
-			;
-
-
-effect			: '(' effect_list ')'
-				{ $$ = $2; }
-			| SKIP ';'
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_SKIP); }
-			| ABORT ';'
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_ABORT); }
-			| END ';'
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_END); }
-			| BREAK ';'
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_BREAK); }
-			| ID '=' expr ';'
-                        	{
+                        | INT
+                                { $$ = $1; }
+                        ;
+
+
+selection               : PC_F
+                                { $$ = FOREACH_FILTER::PC; }
+                        | MOB_F
+                                { $$ = FOREACH_FILTER::MOB; }
+                        | ENTITY_F
+                                { $$ = FOREACH_FILTER::ENTITY; }
+                        | SPELL
+                                { $$ = FOREACH_FILTER::SPELL; }
+                        | TARGET_F
+                                { $$ = FOREACH_FILTER::TARGET; }
+                        | NPC_F
+                                { $$ = FOREACH_FILTER::NPC; }
+                        ;
+
+
+effect                  : '(' effect_list ')'
+                                { $$ = $2; }
+                        | SKIP ';'
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::SKIP); }
+                        | ABORT ';'
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::ABORT); }
+                        | END ';'
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::END); }
+                        | BREAK ';'
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::BREAK); }
+                        | ID '=' expr ';'
+                                {
                                         if (find_constant($1)) {
                                                 fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "Attempt to re-define constant `%s' in assignment.", $1);
                                                 free($1);
                                         } else {
-                                                $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_ASSIGN);
+                                                $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::ASSIGN);
                                                 $$->e.e_assign.id = intern_id($1);
                                                 $$->e.e_assign.expr = $3;
                                         }
                                 }
-			| FOREACH selection ID IN expr DO effect
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_FOREACH);
+                        | FOREACH selection ID IN expr DO effect
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::FOREACH);
                                   $$->e.e_foreach.id = intern_id($3);
                                   $$->e.e_foreach.area = $5;
                                   $$->e.e_foreach.body = $7;
                                   $$->e.e_foreach.filter = $2;
                                 }
-			| FOR ID '=' expr TO expr DO effect
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_FOR);
+                        | FOR ID '=' expr TO expr DO effect
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::FOR);
                                   $$->e.e_for.id = intern_id($2);
                                   $$->e.e_for.start = $4;
                                   $$->e.e_for.stop = $6;
                                   $$->e.e_for.body = $8;
                                 }
-			| IF expr THEN effect ELSE effect
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_IF);
+                        | IF expr THEN effect ELSE effect
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::IF);
                                   $$->e.e_if.cond = $2;
                                   $$->e.e_if.true_branch = $4;
                                   $$->e.e_if.false_branch = $6;
                                 }
-			| IF expr THEN effect
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_IF);
+                        | IF expr THEN effect
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::IF);
                                   $$->e.e_if.cond = $2;
                                   $$->e.e_if.true_branch = $4;
-                                  $$->e.e_if.false_branch = new_effect(EFFECT_SKIP);
+                                  $$->e.e_if.false_branch = new_effect(EFFECT::SKIP);
                                 }
-			| SLEEP expr ';'
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_SLEEP);
+                        | SLEEP expr ';'
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::SLEEP);
                                   $$->e.e_sleep = $2;
                                 }
-			| ID '(' arg_list ')' ';'
+                        | ID '(' arg_list ')' ';'
                                 { $$ = op_effect($1, $3.args_nr, $3.args, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
                                   free($1);
                                 }
-			| SCRIPT_DATA
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_SCRIPT);
+                        | SCRIPT_DATA
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::SCRIPT);
                                   $$->e.e_script = parse_script($1, @1.first_line);
                                   free($1);
                                   if ($$->e.e_script == NULL)
                                       fail(@1.first_line, @1.first_column, "Failed to compile script\n");
                                 }
-			| CALL ID '(' arg_list ')' ';'
-                        	{ $$ = call_proc($2, $4.args_nr, $4.args, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
+                        | CALL ID '(' arg_list ')' ';'
+                                { $$ = call_proc($2, $4.args_nr, $4.args, @1.first_line, @1.first_column);
                                   free($2);
                                 }
-			;
+                        ;
 
-effect_list		: /* empty */
-                        	{ $$ = new_effect(EFFECT_SKIP); }
-			| effect semicolons effect_list
-                        	{ $$ = set_effect_continuation($1, $3); }
-			;
+effect_list             : /* empty */
+                                { $$ = new_effect(EFFECT::SKIP); }
+                        | effect semicolons effect_list
+                                { $$ = set_effect_continuation($1, $3); }
+                        ;
 
 
 %%
@@ -703,8 +719,8 @@ effect_list		: /* empty */
 /* We do incremental realloc here to store our results.  Since this happens only once
  * during startup for a relatively manageable set of configs, it should be fine. */
 
-static int
-intern_id(const char *id_name)
+static
+int intern_id(const char *id_name)
 {
         int i;
 
@@ -719,13 +735,13 @@ intern_id(const char *id_name)
         RECREATE(magic_conf.var_name, const char *, magic_conf.vars_nr);
         magic_conf.var_name[i] = id_name;
         RECREATE(magic_conf.vars, val_t, magic_conf.vars_nr);
-        magic_conf.vars[i].ty = TY_UNDEF;
+        magic_conf.vars[i].ty = TYPE::UNDEF;
 
         return i;
 }
 
-static void
-add_spell(spell_t *spell, int line_nr)
+static
+void add_spell(spell_t *spell, int line_nr)
 {
         int index = magic_conf.spells_nr;
         int i;
@@ -749,8 +765,8 @@ add_spell(spell_t *spell, int line_nr)
 
 }
 
-static void
-add_teleport_anchor(teleport_anchor_t *anchor, int line_nr)
+static
+void add_teleport_anchor(teleport_anchor_t *anchor, int line_nr)
 {
         int index = magic_conf.anchors_nr;
         int i;
@@ -777,24 +793,24 @@ static __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)))
 void fail(int line, int column, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
         va_list ap;
-        fprintf(stderr, "[magic-init]  L%d:%d: ", line, column);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "[magic-init]  L%d:%d: ", line, column);
         va_start(ap, fmt);
         vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
         failed_flag = 1;
 }
 
-static expr_t *
-dot_expr(expr_t *expr, int id)
+static
+expr_t *dot_expr(expr_t *expr, int id)
 {
-        expr_t *retval = magic_new_expr(EXPR_SPELLFIELD);
+        expr_t *retval = magic_new_expr(EXPR::SPELLFIELD);
         retval->e.e_field.id = id;
         retval->e.e_field.expr = expr;
 
         return retval;
 }
 
-static expr_t *
-fun_expr(const char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
+static
+expr_t *fun_expr(const char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
 {
         int id;
         expr_t *expr;
@@ -803,14 +819,14 @@ fun_expr(const char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
         if (!fun) {
                 fail(line, column, "Unknown function `%s'\n", name);
         } else if (strlen(fun->signature) != args_nr) {
-                fail(line, column, "Incorrect number of arguments to function `%s': Expected %d, found %d\n", name, strlen(fun->signature), args_nr);
+                fail(line, column, "Incorrect number of arguments to function `%s': Expected %zu, found %d\n", name, strlen(fun->signature), args_nr);
                 fun = NULL;
         }
 
         if (fun) {
                 int i;
 
-                expr = magic_new_expr(EXPR_FUNAPP);
+                expr = magic_new_expr(EXPR::FUNAPP);
                 expr->e.e_funapp.line_nr = line;
                 expr->e.e_funapp.column = column;
                 expr->e.e_funapp.id = id;
@@ -819,15 +835,15 @@ fun_expr(const char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
                 for (i = 0; i < args_nr; i++)
                         expr->e.e_funapp.args[i] = args[i];
         } else { /* failure */
-                expr = magic_new_expr(EXPR_VAL);
-                expr->e.e_val.ty = TY_FAIL;
+                expr = magic_new_expr(EXPR::VAL);
+                expr->e.e_val.ty = TYPE::FAIL;
         }
 
         return expr;
 }
 
-static spell_t *
-new_spell(spellguard_t *guard)
+static
+spell_t *new_spell(spellguard_t *guard)
 {
         static int spell_counter = 0;
 
@@ -837,16 +853,16 @@ new_spell(spellguard_t *guard)
         return retval;
 }
 
-static spellguard_t *
-new_spellguard(int ty)
+static
+spellguard_t *new_spellguard(SPELLGUARD ty)
 {
         spellguard_t *retval = (spellguard_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(spellguard_t));
         retval->ty = ty;
         return retval;
 }
 
-static spellguard_t *
-spellguard_implication(spellguard_t *a, spellguard_t *b)
+static
+spellguard_t *spellguard_implication(spellguard_t *a, spellguard_t *b)
 {
         spellguard_t *retval = a;
 
@@ -864,7 +880,7 @@ spellguard_implication(spellguard_t *a, spellguard_t *b)
                 return retval;
 
                 /* If the premise is a disjunction, b is the continuation of _all_ branches */
-        if (a->ty == SPELLGUARD_CHOICE)
+        if (a->ty == SPELLGUARD::CHOICE)
                 spellguard_implication(a->s.s_alt, b);
         if (a->next)
                 spellguard_implication(a->next, b);
@@ -875,16 +891,16 @@ spellguard_implication(spellguard_t *a, spellguard_t *b)
         return retval;
 }
 
-static effect_t *
-new_effect(int ty)
+static
+effect_t *new_effect(EFFECT ty)
 {
         effect_t *effect = (effect_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(effect_t));
         effect->ty = ty;
         return effect;
 }
 
-static effect_t *
-set_effect_continuation(effect_t *src, effect_t *continuation)
+static
+effect_t *set_effect_continuation(effect_t *src, effect_t *continuation)
 {
         effect_t *retval = src;
         /* This function is completely analogous to `spellguard_implication' above; read the control flow implications above first before pondering it. */
@@ -894,7 +910,7 @@ set_effect_continuation(effect_t *src, effect_t *continuation)
 
         /* For FOR and FOREACH, we use special stack handlers and thus don't have to set
          * the continuation.  It's only IF that we need to handle in this fashion. */
-        if (src->ty == EFFECT_IF) {
+        if (src->ty == EFFECT::IF) {
                 set_effect_continuation(src->e.e_if.true_branch, continuation);
                 set_effect_continuation(src->e.e_if.false_branch, continuation);
         }
@@ -906,8 +922,8 @@ set_effect_continuation(effect_t *src, effect_t *continuation)
         return retval;
 }
 
-static effect_t *
-op_effect(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
+static
+effect_t *op_effect(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
 {
         int id;
         effect_t *effect;
@@ -916,14 +932,14 @@ op_effect(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
         if (!op)
                 fail(line, column, "Unknown operation `%s'\n", name);
         else if (strlen(op->signature) != args_nr) {
-                fail(line, column, "Incorrect number of arguments to operation `%s': Expected %d, found %d\n", name, strlen(op->signature), args_nr);
+                fail(line, column, "Incorrect number of arguments to operation `%s': Expected %zu, found %d\n", name, strlen(op->signature), args_nr);
                 op = NULL;
         }
 
         if (op) {
                 int i;
 
-                effect = new_effect(EFFECT_OP);
+                effect = new_effect(EFFECT::OP);
                 effect->e.e_op.line_nr = line;
                 effect->e.e_op.column = column;
                 effect->e.e_op.id = id;
@@ -932,7 +948,7 @@ op_effect(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line, int column)
                 for (i = 0; i < args_nr; i++)
                         effect->e.e_op.args[i] = args[i];
         } else /* failure */
-                effect = new_effect(EFFECT_SKIP);
+                effect = new_effect(EFFECT::SKIP);
 
         return effect;
 }
@@ -942,20 +958,20 @@ proc_t *procs = NULL;
 int procs_nr = 0;
 
 // I think this is a memory leak, or undefined behavior
-static void
-install_proc(proc_t *proc)
+static
+void install_proc(proc_t *proc)
 {
         if (!procs) {
                 procs = proc;
                 procs_nr = 1;
         } else {
-                RECREATE (procs, proc_t, 1 + procs_nr);
+                RECREATE(procs, proc_t, 1 + procs_nr);
                 procs[procs_nr++] = *proc;
         }
 }
 
-static effect_t *
-call_proc(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line_nr, int column)
+static
+effect_t *call_proc(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line_nr, int column)
 {
         proc_t *p = NULL;
         int i;
@@ -969,15 +985,15 @@ call_proc(char *name, int args_nr, expr_t **args, int line_nr, int column)
 
         if (!p) {
                 fail(line_nr, column, "Unknown procedure `%s'\n", name);
-                return new_effect(EFFECT_SKIP);
+                return new_effect(EFFECT::SKIP);
         }
 
         if (p->args_nr != args_nr) {
                 fail(line_nr, column, "Procedure %s/%d invoked with %d parameters\n", name, p->args_nr, args_nr);
-                return new_effect(EFFECT_SKIP);
+                return new_effect(EFFECT::SKIP);
         }
 
-        retval = new_effect(EFFECT_CALL);
+        retval = new_effect(EFFECT::CALL);
         retval->e.e_call.body = p->body;
         retval->e.e_call.args_nr = args_nr;
         retval->e.e_call.formals = p->args;
@@ -992,8 +1008,8 @@ struct const_def_rec {
 
 int const_defs_nr = 0;
 
-static void
-bind_constant(char *name, val_t *val, int line_nr)
+static
+void bind_constant(char *name, val_t *val, int line_nr)
 {
         if (find_constant(name)) {
                 fail(line_nr, 0, "Redefinition of constant `%s'\n", name);
@@ -1011,8 +1027,8 @@ bind_constant(char *name, val_t *val, int line_nr)
         ++const_defs_nr;
 }
 
-static val_t *
-find_constant(char *name)
+static
+val_t *find_constant(char *name)
 {
         int i;
         for (i = 0; i < const_defs_nr; i++) {
@@ -1027,8 +1043,16 @@ find_constant(char *name)
 
 
 
-
-#define INTERN_ASSERT(name, id) { int zid = intern_id(name); if (zid != id) fprintf(stderr, "[magic-conf] INTERNAL ERROR: Builtin special var %s interned to %d, not %d as it should be!\n", name, zid, id); error_flag = 1; }
+// FIXME: macro capture
+#define INTERN_ASSERT(name, id) \
+{                               \
+    int zid = intern_id(name);  \
+    if (zid != id)              \
+        FPRINTF(stderr,         \
+            "[magic-conf] INTERNAL ERROR: Builtin special var %s interned to %d, not %d as it should be!\n",    \
+            name, zid, id);     \
+    error_flag = 1;             \
+}
 
 extern FILE *magic_frontend_in;
 
@@ -1063,18 +1087,18 @@ int magic_init(const char *conffile)
 
         magic_frontend_in = fopen(conffile, "r");
         if (!magic_frontend_in) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "[magic-conf] Magic configuration file `%s' not found -> no magic.\n", conffile);
+                FPRINTF(stderr, "[magic-conf] Magic configuration file `%s' not found -> no magic.\n", conffile);
                 return 0;
         }
         magic_frontend_parse();
 
-        if (magic_conf.vars[VAR_MIN_CASTTIME].ty == TY_INT)
+        if (magic_conf.vars[VAR_MIN_CASTTIME].ty == TYPE::INT)
                 magic_conf.min_casttime = magic_conf.vars[VAR_MIN_CASTTIME].v.v_int;
 
-        if (magic_conf.vars[VAR_OBSCURE_CHANCE].ty == TY_INT)
+        if (magic_conf.vars[VAR_OBSCURE_CHANCE].ty == TYPE::INT)
                 magic_conf.obscure_chance = magic_conf.vars[VAR_OBSCURE_CHANCE].v.v_int;
 
-        printf("[magic-conf] Magic initialised; obscure at %d%%.  %d spells, %d teleport anchors.\n",
+        PRINTF("[magic-conf] Magic initialised; obscure at %d%%.  %d spells, %d teleport anchors.\n",
                magic_conf.obscure_chance, magic_conf.spells_nr, magic_conf.anchors_nr);
 
         if (procs)
@@ -1084,9 +1108,9 @@ int magic_init(const char *conffile)
 
 extern int magic_frontend_lineno;
 
-static void
-magic_frontend_error(const char *msg)
+static
+void magic_frontend_error(const char *msg)
 {
-    fprintf(stderr, "[magic-conf] Parse error: %s at line %d\n", msg, magic_frontend_lineno);
+    FPRINTF(stderr, "[magic-conf] Parse error: %s at line %d\n", msg, magic_frontend_lineno);
     failed_flag = 1;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/magic-interpreter.hpp b/src/map/magic-interpreter.hpp
index 21e8d39..22223ec 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-interpreter.hpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-interpreter.hpp
@@ -1,62 +1,12 @@
-/* Magic interpreter */
-
 #ifndef MAGIC_INTERPRETER_HPP
 #define MAGIC_INTERPRETER_HPP
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <math.h>
-
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
+#include "magic-interpreter.t.hpp"
 
-#include "battle.hpp"
-#include "chat.hpp"
-#include "chrif.hpp"
-#include "clif.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "magic.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
-#include "npc.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
-#include "party.hpp"
 #include "script.hpp"
-#include "skill.hpp"
-#include "storage.hpp"
-#include "trade.hpp"
-
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-
-#define SPELLARG_NONE	0       /* No spell parameter */
-#define SPELLARG_PC	1           /* Spell parameter describes pc (defaults to self) */
-#define SPELLARG_STRING	2       /* Spell parameter describes pc (defaults to self) */
-
-/* ------ */
-/* Values */
-/* ------ */
-
-#define TY_UNDEF	0
-#define TY_INT		1
-#define TY_DIR		2
-#define TY_STRING	3
-#define TY_ENTITY	5
-#define TY_LOCATION	6
-#define TY_AREA		7
-#define TY_SPELL	8
-#define TY_INVOCATION	9
-#define TY_FAIL		127
-
-#define DIR_S	0
-#define DIR_SW	1
-#define DIR_W	2
-#define DIR_NW	3
-#define DIR_N	4
-#define DIR_NE	5
-#define DIR_E	6
-#define DIR_SE	7
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
 
 struct expr;
 struct val;
@@ -67,15 +17,10 @@ struct invocation;
 
 typedef struct location
 {
-    int  m;
-    int  x, y;
+    int m;
+    int x, y;
 } location_t;
 
-#define AREA_LOCATION	0
-#define AREA_UNION	1
-#define AREA_RECT	2
-#define AREA_BAR	3
-
 typedef struct area
 {
     union a
@@ -84,24 +29,26 @@ typedef struct area
         struct
         {
             location_t loc;
-            int  width, depth, dir;
+            int width, depth;
+            DIR dir;
         } a_bar;
         struct
         {
             location_t loc;
-            int  width, height;
+            int width, height;
         } a_rect;
         struct area *a_union[2];
     } a;
-    int  size;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    int size;
+    AREA ty;
 } area_t;
 
 typedef struct val
 {
     union v
     {
-        int  v_int;
+        int v_int;
+        DIR v_dir;
         char *v_string;
         entity_t *v_entity;     /* Used ONLY during operation/function invocation; otherwise we use v_int */
         area_t *v_area;
@@ -109,7 +56,7 @@ typedef struct val
         struct invocation *v_invocation;    /* Used ONLY during operation/function invocation; otherwise we use v_int */
         struct spell *v_spell;
     } v;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    TYPE ty;
 } val_t;
 
 /* ----------- */
@@ -118,13 +65,6 @@ typedef struct val
 
 #define MAX_ARGS 7              /* Max. # of args used in builtin primitive functions */
 
-#define EXPR_VAL	0
-#define EXPR_LOCATION	1
-#define EXPR_AREA	2
-#define EXPR_FUNAPP	3
-#define EXPR_ID		4
-#define EXPR_SPELLFIELD	5
-
 typedef struct e_location
 {
     struct expr *m, *x, *y;
@@ -147,7 +87,7 @@ typedef struct e_area
         } a_rect;
         struct e_area *a_union[2];
     } a;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    AREA ty;
 } e_area_t;
 
 typedef struct expr
@@ -159,44 +99,20 @@ typedef struct expr
         e_area_t e_area;
         struct
         {
-            int  id, line_nr, column;
-            int  args_nr;
+            int id, line_nr, column;
+            int args_nr;
             struct expr *args[MAX_ARGS];
         } e_funapp;
-        int  e_id;
+        int e_id;
         struct
         {
             struct expr *expr;
-            int  id;
+            int id;
         } e_field;
     } e;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    EXPR ty;
 } expr_t;
 
-/* ------- */
-/* Effects */
-/* ------- */
-
-#define EFFECT_SKIP	0
-#define EFFECT_ABORT	1
-#define EFFECT_ASSIGN	2
-#define EFFECT_FOREACH	3
-#define EFFECT_FOR	4
-#define EFFECT_IF	5
-#define EFFECT_SLEEP	6
-#define EFFECT_SCRIPT	7
-#define EFFECT_BREAK	8
-#define EFFECT_OP	9
-#define EFFECT_END	10
-#define EFFECT_CALL	11
-
-#define FOREACH_FILTER_MOB	1
-#define FOREACH_FILTER_PC	2
-#define FOREACH_FILTER_ENTITY	3
-#define FOREACH_FILTER_TARGET	4
-#define FOREACH_FILTER_SPELL	5
-#define FOREACH_FILTER_NPC	6
-
 typedef struct effect
 {
     struct effect *next;
@@ -204,19 +120,19 @@ typedef struct effect
     {
         struct
         {
-            int  id;
+            int id;
             expr_t *expr;
         } e_assign;
         struct
         {
-            int  id;
+            int id;
             expr_t *area;
             struct effect *body;
-            unsigned char filter;
+            FOREACH_FILTER filter;
         } e_foreach;
         struct
         {
-            int  id;
+            int id;
             expr_t *start, *stop;
             struct effect *body;
         } e_for;
@@ -229,19 +145,19 @@ typedef struct effect
         const ScriptCode *e_script;
         struct
         {
-            int  id;
-            int  args_nr;
-            int  line_nr, column;
+            int id;
+            int args_nr;
+            int line_nr, column;
             expr_t *args[MAX_ARGS];
         } e_op;
         struct
         {
-            int  args_nr, *formals;
+            int args_nr, *formals;
             expr_t **actuals;
             struct effect *body;
         } e_call;
     } e;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    EFFECT ty;
 } effect_t;
 
 /* ---------- */
@@ -251,21 +167,10 @@ typedef struct effect
 typedef struct component
 {
     struct component *next;
-    int  item_id;
-    int  count;
+    int item_id;
+    int count;
 } component_t;
 
-/* ----------- */
-/* Spellguards */
-/* ----------- */
-
-#define SPELLGUARD_CONDITION	0
-#define SPELLGUARD_COMPONENTS	1
-#define SPELLGUARD_CATALYSTS	2
-#define SPELLGUARD_CHOICE	3
-#define SPELLGUARD_MANA		4
-#define SPELLGUARD_CASTTIME	5
-#define SPELLGUARD_EFFECT	6
 
 typedef struct effect_set
 {
@@ -285,7 +190,7 @@ typedef struct spellguard
         struct spellguard *s_alt;   /* either `next' or `s.s_alt' */
         effect_set_t s_effect;
     } s;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    SPELLGUARD ty;
 } spellguard_t;
 
 /* ------ */
@@ -294,24 +199,20 @@ typedef struct spellguard
 
 typedef struct letdef
 {
-    int  id;
+    int id;
     expr_t *expr;
 } letdef_t;
 
-#define SPELL_FLAG_LOCAL	(1 << 0)    // spell associated not with caster but with place
-#define SPELL_FLAG_SILENT	(1 << 1)    // spell invocation never uttered
-#define SPELL_FLAG_NONMAGIC	(1 << 2)    // `magic word' only:  don't require spellcasting ability
-
 typedef struct spell
 {
     char *name;
     char *invocation;
-    int  index;                 // Relative location in the definitions file
-    int  flags;
-    int  arg;
-    int  spellarg_ty;
+    int index;                 // Relative location in the definitions file
+    SPELL_FLAG flags;
+    int arg;
+    SPELLARG spellarg_ty;
 
-    int  letdefs_nr;
+    int letdefs_nr;
     letdef_t *letdefs;
 
     spellguard_t *spellguard;
@@ -334,31 +235,32 @@ typedef struct teleport_anchor
 
 typedef struct
 {
-    int  vars_nr;
+    int vars_nr;
     const char **var_name;
     val_t *vars;                /* Initial assignments, if any, or NULL */
 
-    int  obscure_chance;
-    int  min_casttime;
+    int obscure_chance;
+    int min_casttime;
 
-    int  spells_nr;
+    int spells_nr;
     spell_t **spells;
 
-    int  anchors_nr;            /* NEGATIVE iff we have sorted the anchors */
+    int anchors_nr;            /* NEGATIVE iff we have sorted the anchors */
     teleport_anchor_t **anchors;
 } magic_conf_t;
 
 /* Execution environment */
 
-#define VAR_MIN_CASTTIME	0
-#define VAR_OBSCURE_CHANCE	1
-#define VAR_CASTER		2
-#define VAR_SPELLPOWER		3
-#define VAR_SPELL		4
-#define VAR_INVOCATION		5
-#define VAR_TARGET		6
-#define VAR_SCRIPTTARGET	7
-#define VAR_LOCATION		8
+// these are not an enum they're a nasty intern hack
+#define VAR_MIN_CASTTIME        0
+#define VAR_OBSCURE_CHANCE      1
+#define VAR_CASTER              2
+#define VAR_SPELLPOWER          3
+#define VAR_SPELL               4
+#define VAR_INVOCATION          5
+#define VAR_TARGET              6
+#define VAR_SCRIPTTARGET        7
+#define VAR_LOCATION            8
 
 struct magic_config;
 
@@ -370,10 +272,6 @@ typedef struct env
 
 #define MAX_STACK_SIZE 32
 
-#define CONT_STACK_FOREACH	0
-#define CONT_STACK_FOR		1
-#define CONT_STACK_PROC		2
-
 typedef struct cont_activation_record
 {
     effect_t *return_location;
@@ -381,62 +279,59 @@ typedef struct cont_activation_record
     {
         struct
         {
-            int  id, ty;
+            int id;
+            TYPE ty;
             effect_t *body;
-            int  entities_nr;
+            int entities_nr;
             int *entities;
-            int  index;
+            int index;
         } c_foreach;
         struct
         {
-            int  id;
+            int id;
             effect_t *body;
-            int  current;
-            int  stop;
+            int current;
+            int stop;
         } c_for;
         struct
         {
-            int  args_nr, *formals;
+            int args_nr, *formals;
             val_t *old_actuals;
         } c_proc;
     } c;
-    unsigned char ty;
+    CONT_STACK ty;
 } cont_activation_record_t;
 
 typedef struct status_change_ref
 {
-    int  sc_type;
-    int  bl_id;
+    StatusChange sc_type;
+    int bl_id;
 } status_change_ref_t;
 
-#define INVOCATION_FLAG_BOUND		(1 << 0)    /* Bound directly to the caster (i.e., ignore its location) */
-#define INVOCATION_FLAG_ABORTED		(1 << 1)    /* Used `abort' to terminate */
-#define INVOCATION_FLAG_STOPATTACK	(1 << 2)    /* On magical attacks:  if we run out of steam, stop attacking altogether */
-
 typedef struct invocation
 {
     struct block_list bl;
 
     struct invocation *next_invocation; /* used for spells directly associated with a caster: they form a singly-linked list */
-    int  flags;
+    INVOCATION_FLAG flags;
 
     env_t *env;
     spell_t *spell;
-    int  caster;                /* this is the person who originally invoked the spell */
-    int  subject;               /* when this person dies, the spell dies with it */
+    int caster;                /* this is the person who originally invoked the spell */
+    int subject;               /* when this person dies, the spell dies with it */
 
-    int  timer;                 /* spell timer, if any */
+    Timer timer;                 /* spell timer, if any */
 
-    int  stack_size;
+    int stack_size;
     cont_activation_record_t stack[MAX_STACK_SIZE];
 
-    int  script_pos;            /* Script position; if nonzero, resume the script we were running. */
+    int script_pos;            /* Script position; if nonzero, resume the script we were running. */
     effect_t *current_effect;
     effect_t *trigger_effect;   /* If non-NULL, this is used to spawn a cloned effect based on the same environment */
     effect_t *end_effect;       /* If non-NULL, this is executed when the spell terminates naturally, e.g. when all status changes have run out or all delays are over. */
 
     /* Status change references:  for status change updates, keep track of whom we updated where */
-    int  status_change_refs_nr;
+    int status_change_refs_nr;
     status_change_ref_t *status_change_refs;
 
 } invocation_t;
@@ -447,58 +342,58 @@ extern env_t magic_default_env; /* Fake default environment */
 /**
  * Adds a component selection to a component holder (which may initially be NULL)
  */
-void magic_add_component (component_t ** component_holder, int id, int count);
+void magic_add_component(component_t ** component_holder, int id, int count);
 
-teleport_anchor_t *magic_find_anchor (char *name);
+teleport_anchor_t *magic_find_anchor(char *name);
 
 /**
  * The parameter `param' must have been dynamically allocated; ownership is transferred to the resultant env_t.
  */
-env_t *spell_create_env (magic_conf_t * conf, spell_t * spell,
-                         character_t * caster, int spellpower, char *param);
+env_t *spell_create_env(magic_conf_t *conf, spell_t *spell,
+        character_t *caster, int spellpower, char *param);
 
-void magic_free_env (env_t * env);
+void magic_free_env(env_t *env);
 
 /**
  * near_miss is set to nonzero iff the spell only failed due to ephemereal issues (spell delay in effect, out of mana, out of components)
  */
-effect_set_t *spell_trigger (spell_t * spell, character_t * caster,
-                             env_t * env, int *near_miss);
+effect_set_t *spell_trigger(spell_t *spell, character_t *caster,
+        env_t *env, int *near_miss);
 
-invocation_t *spell_instantiate (effect_set_t * effect, env_t * env);
+invocation_t *spell_instantiate(effect_set_t *effect, env_t *env);
 
 /**
  * Bind a spell to a subject (this is a no-op for `local' spells).
  */
-void spell_bind (character_t * subject, invocation_t * invocation);
+void spell_bind(character_t *subject, invocation_t *invocation);
 
-int                             // 1 on failure
-     spell_unbind (character_t * subject, invocation_t * invocation);
+// 1 on failure
+int spell_unbind(character_t *subject, invocation_t *invocation);
 
 /**
  * Clones a spell to run the at_effect field
  */
-invocation_t *spell_clone_effect (invocation_t * source);
+invocation_t *spell_clone_effect(invocation_t *source);
 
-spell_t *magic_find_spell (char *invocation);
+spell_t *magic_find_spell(char *invocation);
 
 /* The following is used only by the parser: */
 typedef struct args_rec
 {
-    int  args_nr;
+    int args_nr;
     expr_t **args;
 } args_rec_t;
 
 typedef struct
 {
     char *name;
-    int  args_nr;
+    int args_nr;
     int *args;
     effect_t *body;
 } proc_t;
 
 // must be called after itemdb initialisation
 int magic_init(const char *);
-void spell_update_location (invocation_t * invocation);
+void spell_update_location(invocation_t *invocation);
 
-#endif /* !defined (MAGIC_INTERPRETER_H) */
+#endif // MAGIC_INTERPRETER_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/magic-interpreter.t.hpp b/src/map/magic-interpreter.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5aa5e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/magic-interpreter.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#ifndef MAGIC_INTERPRETER_T_HPP
+#define MAGIC_INTERPRETER_T_HPP
+
+#include "../common/utils2.hpp"
+
+enum class SPELLARG : uint8_t
+{
+    NONE,
+    PC,
+    STRING,
+};
+
+enum class TYPE : uint8_t
+{
+    UNDEF,
+    INT,
+    DIR,
+    STRING,
+    ENTITY,
+    LOCATION,
+    AREA,
+    SPELL,
+    INVOCATION,
+    FAIL = 127,
+
+    NEGATIVE_1 = 255,
+};
+
+// Note: there is also a typedef by this name in <dirent.h>
+// but we should be fine since we never include it.
+// (in the long term we should still rename this though)
+enum class DIR : uint8_t
+{
+    S   = 0,
+    SW  = 1,
+    W   = 2,
+    NW  = 3,
+    N   = 4,
+    NE  = 5,
+    E   = 6,
+    SE  = 7,
+
+    COUNT,
+};
+
+constexpr
+earray<int, DIR, DIR::COUNT> dirx //=
+{{
+    0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1,
+}}, diry //=
+{{
+    1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1,
+}};
+
+constexpr
+bool dir_is_diagonal(DIR d)
+{
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(d) & 1;
+}
+
+enum class AREA : uint8_t
+{
+    LOCATION,
+    UNION,
+    RECT,
+    BAR,
+};
+
+enum class EXPR : uint8_t
+{
+    VAL,
+    LOCATION,
+    AREA,
+    FUNAPP,
+    ID,
+    SPELLFIELD,
+};
+
+// temporary rename to avoid collision with enum value
+// in magic-interpreter-parser
+enum class EFFECT : uint8_t
+{
+    SKIP,
+    ABORT,
+    ASSIGN,
+    FOREACH,
+    FOR,
+    IF,
+    SLEEP,
+    SCRIPT,
+    BREAK,
+    OP,
+    END,
+    CALL,
+};
+
+enum class FOREACH_FILTER : uint8_t
+{
+    MOB,
+    PC,
+    ENTITY,
+    TARGET,
+    SPELL,
+    NPC,
+};
+
+enum class SPELLGUARD : uint8_t
+{
+    CONDITION,
+    COMPONENTS,
+    CATALYSTS,
+    CHOICE,
+    MANA,
+    CASTTIME,
+    EFFECT,
+};
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class SPELL_FLAG : uint8_t
+{
+    ZERO        = 0,
+
+    // spell associated not with caster but with place
+    LOCAL       = 1 << 0,
+    // spell invocation never uttered
+    SILENT      = 1 << 1,
+    // `magic word' only:  don't require spellcasting ability
+    NONMAGIC    = 1 << 2,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(SPELL_FLAG)
+}
+using e::SPELL_FLAG;
+
+enum class CONT_STACK : uint8_t
+{
+    FOREACH,
+    FOR,
+    PROC,
+};
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class INVOCATION_FLAG : uint8_t
+{
+    ZERO        = 0,
+
+    // Bound directly to the caster (i.e., ignore its location)
+    BOUND       = 1 << 0,
+    // Used `abort' to terminate
+    ABORTED     = 1 << 1,
+    // On magical attacks: if we run out of steam, stop attacking altogether
+    STOPATTACK  = 1 << 2,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(INVOCATION_FLAG)
+}
+using e::INVOCATION_FLAG;
+
+#endif // MAGIC_INTERPRETER_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp b/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp
index 5dd51d7..f132ca6 100644
--- a/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp
+++ b/src/map/magic-stmt.cpp
@@ -1,282 +1,314 @@
-#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random2.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+
 #include "magic-expr.hpp"
 #include "magic-expr-eval.hpp"
+#include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
 #include "magic-interpreter-aux.hpp"
 
-#define INVISIBLE_NPC 127       /* used for local spell effects */
+#include "battle.hpp"
+#include "clif.hpp"
+#include "mob.hpp"
+#include "npc.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
+#include "skill.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+/* used for local spell effects */
+constexpr int INVISIBLE_NPC = 127;
 
 //#define DEBUG
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
-static void print_val (val_t * v)
+static
+void print_val(val_t *v)
 {
     switch (v->ty)
     {
-        case TY_UNDEF:
-            fprintf (stderr, "UNDEF");
+        case TYPE::UNDEF:
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "UNDEF");
             break;
-        case TY_INT:
-            fprintf (stderr, "%d", v->v.v_int);
+        case TYPE::INT:
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "%d", v->v.v_int);
             break;
-        case TY_DIR:
-            fprintf (stderr, "dir%d", v->v.v_int);
+        case TYPE::DIR:
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "dir%d", v->v.v_int);
             break;
-        case TY_STRING:
-            fprintf (stderr, "`%s'", v->v.v_string);
+        case TYPE::STRING:
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "`%s'", v->v.v_string);
             break;
         default:
-            fprintf (stderr, "ty%d", v->ty);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "ty%d", v->ty);
             break;
     }
 }
 
-static void dump_env (env_t * env)
+static
+void dump_env(env_t *env)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < env->base_env->vars_nr; i++)
     {
         val_t *v = &env->vars[i];
         val_t *bv = &env->base_env->vars[i];
 
-        fprintf (stderr, "%02x %30s ", i, env->base_env->var_name[i]);
-        print_val (v);
-        fprintf (stderr, "\t(");
-        print_val (bv);
-        fprintf (stderr, ")\n");
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "%02x %30s ", i, env->base_env->var_name[i]);
+        print_val(v);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "\t(");
+        print_val(bv);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, ")\n");
     }
 }
 #endif
 
-static void clear_activation_record (cont_activation_record_t * ar)
+static
+void clear_activation_record(cont_activation_record_t *ar)
 {
     switch (ar->ty)
     {
-        case CONT_STACK_FOREACH:
-            free (ar->c.c_foreach.entities);
+        case CONT_STACK::FOREACH:
+            free(ar->c.c_foreach.entities);
             break;
-        case CONT_STACK_PROC:
-            free (ar->c.c_proc.old_actuals);
+        case CONT_STACK::PROC:
+            free(ar->c.c_proc.old_actuals);
             break;
     }
 }
 
-static void
-invocation_timer_callback (timer_id UNUSED, tick_t UNUSED, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void invocation_timer_callback(TimerData *, tick_t, int id)
 {
-    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (id);
+    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(id);
 
-    if (invocation)
+    assert (invocation != NULL);
     {
-        invocation->timer = 0;
-        spell_execute (invocation);
+        spell_execute(invocation);
     }
 }
 
-static void clear_stack (invocation_t * invocation)
+static
+void clear_stack(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < invocation->stack_size; i++)
-        clear_activation_record (&invocation->stack[i]);
+        clear_activation_record(&invocation->stack[i]);
 
     invocation->stack_size = 0;
 }
 
-void spell_free_invocation (invocation_t * invocation)
+void spell_free_invocation(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
     if (invocation->status_change_refs)
     {
-        free (invocation->status_change_refs);
+        free(invocation->status_change_refs);
         /* The following cleanup shouldn't be necessary, but I've added it to help tracking a certain bug */
         invocation->status_change_refs = NULL;
         invocation->status_change_refs_nr = 0;
     }
 
-    if (invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG_BOUND)
+    if (bool(invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG::BOUND))
     {
-        entity_t *e = map_id2bl (invocation->subject);
-        if (e && e->type == BL_PC)
-            spell_unbind ((character_t *) e, invocation);
+        entity_t *e = map_id2bl(invocation->subject);
+        if (e && e->type == BL::PC)
+            spell_unbind((character_t *) e, invocation);
     }
 
-    clear_stack (invocation);
+    clear_stack(invocation);
 
-    if (invocation->timer)
-        delete_timer (invocation->timer, invocation_timer_callback);
+    invocation->timer.cancel();
 
-    magic_free_env (invocation->env);
+    magic_free_env(invocation->env);
 
-    map_delblock (&invocation->bl);
-    map_delobject (invocation->bl.id, BL_SPELL);    // also frees the object
+    map_delblock(&invocation->bl);
+    map_delobject(invocation->bl.id, BL::SPELL);    // also frees the object
 //        free(invocation);
 }
 
-static void
-char_set_weapon_icon (character_t * subject, int count, int icon, int look)
+static
+void char_set_weapon_icon(character_t *subject, int count,
+        StatusChange icon, int look)
 {
-    const int old_icon = subject->attack_spell_icon_override;
+    const StatusChange old_icon = subject->attack_spell_icon_override;
 
     subject->attack_spell_icon_override = icon;
     subject->attack_spell_look_override = look;
 
-    if (old_icon && old_icon != icon)
-        clif_status_change (&subject->bl, old_icon, 0);
+    if (old_icon != StatusChange::ZERO && old_icon != icon)
+        clif_status_change(&subject->bl, old_icon, 0);
 
-    clif_fixpcpos (subject);
+    clif_fixpcpos(subject);
     if (count)
     {
-        clif_changelook (&subject->bl, LOOK_WEAPON, look);
-        if (icon)
-            clif_status_change (&subject->bl, icon, 1);
+        clif_changelook(&subject->bl, LOOK::WEAPON, look);
+        if (icon != StatusChange::ZERO)
+            clif_status_change(&subject->bl, icon, 1);
     }
     else
     {
         /* Set it to `normal' */
-        clif_changelook (&subject->bl, LOOK_WEAPON, subject->status.weapon);
+        clif_changelook(&subject->bl, LOOK::WEAPON,
+                static_cast<uint16_t>(subject->status.weapon));
     }
 }
 
-static void char_set_attack_info (character_t * subject, int speed, int range)
+static
+void char_set_attack_info(character_t *subject, interval_t speed, int range)
 {
     subject->attack_spell_delay = speed;
     subject->attack_spell_range = range;
 
-    if (speed == 0)
+    if (speed == interval_t::zero())
     {
-        pc_calcstatus (subject, 1);
-        clif_updatestatus (subject, SP_ASPD);
-        clif_updatestatus (subject, SP_ATTACKRANGE);
+        pc_calcstatus(subject, 1);
+        clif_updatestatus(subject, SP::ASPD);
+        clif_updatestatus(subject, SP::ATTACKRANGE);
     }
     else
     {
         subject->aspd = speed;
-        clif_updatestatus (subject, SP_ASPD);
-        clif_updatestatus (subject, SP_ATTACKRANGE);
+        clif_updatestatus(subject, SP::ASPD);
+        clif_updatestatus(subject, SP::ATTACKRANGE);
     }
 }
 
-void magic_stop_completely (character_t * c)
+void magic_stop_completely(character_t *c)
 {
-    int  i;
     // Zap all status change references to spells
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_STATUSCHANGE; i++)
+    for (StatusChange i : erange(StatusChange(), StatusChange::MAX_STATUSCHANGE))
         c->sc_data[i].spell_invocation = 0;
 
     while (c->active_spells)
-        spell_free_invocation (c->active_spells);
+        spell_free_invocation(c->active_spells);
 
     if (c->attack_spell_override)
     {
         invocation_t *attack_spell =
-            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (c->attack_spell_override);
+            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(c->attack_spell_override);
         if (attack_spell)
-            spell_free_invocation (attack_spell);
+            spell_free_invocation(attack_spell);
         c->attack_spell_override = 0;
-        char_set_weapon_icon (c, 0, 0, 0);
-        char_set_attack_info (c, 0, 0);
+        char_set_weapon_icon(c, 0, StatusChange::ZERO, 0);
+        char_set_attack_info(c, interval_t::zero(), 0);
     }
 }
 
 /* Spell execution has finished normally or we have been notified by a finished skill timer */
-static void try_to_finish_invocation (invocation_t * invocation)
+static
+void try_to_finish_invocation(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
     if (invocation->status_change_refs_nr == 0 && !invocation->current_effect)
     {
         if (invocation->end_effect)
         {
-            clear_stack (invocation);
+            clear_stack(invocation);
             invocation->current_effect = invocation->end_effect;
             invocation->end_effect = NULL;
-            spell_execute (invocation);
+            spell_execute(invocation);
         }
         else
-            spell_free_invocation (invocation);
+            spell_free_invocation(invocation);
     }
 }
 
-static int trigger_spell (int subject, int spell)
+static
+int trigger_spell(int subject, int spell)
 {
-    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (spell);
+    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(spell);
 
     if (!invocation)
         return 0;
 
-    invocation = spell_clone_effect (invocation);
+    invocation = spell_clone_effect(invocation);
 
-    spell_bind ((character_t *) map_id2bl (subject), invocation);
-    magic_clear_var (&invocation->env->vars[VAR_CASTER]);
-    invocation->env->vars[VAR_CASTER].ty = TY_ENTITY;
+    spell_bind((character_t *) map_id2bl(subject), invocation);
+    magic_clear_var(&invocation->env->vars[VAR_CASTER]);
+    invocation->env->vars[VAR_CASTER].ty = TYPE::ENTITY;
     invocation->env->vars[VAR_CASTER].v.v_int = subject;
 
     return invocation->bl.id;
 }
 
-static void entity_warp (entity_t * target, int destm, int destx, int desty);
+static
+void entity_warp(entity_t *target, int destm, int destx, int desty);
 
-static void char_update (character_t * character)
+static
+void char_update(character_t *character)
 {
-    entity_warp ((entity_t *) character, character->bl.m, character->bl.x,
+    entity_warp((entity_t *) character, character->bl.m, character->bl.x,
                  character->bl.y);
 }
 
-static void timer_callback_effect (timer_id UNUSED, tick_t UNUSED, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void timer_callback_effect(TimerData *, tick_t, int id, int data)
 {
-    entity_t *target = map_id2bl (id);
+    entity_t *target = map_id2bl(id);
     if (target)
-        clif_misceffect (target, data);
+        clif_misceffect(target, data);
 }
 
-static void entity_effect (entity_t * entity, int effect_nr, int delay)
+static
+void entity_effect(entity_t *entity, int effect_nr, interval_t delay)
 {
-    add_timer (gettick () + delay,
-               &timer_callback_effect, entity->id, effect_nr);
+    Timer(gettick() + delay,
+            std::bind(&timer_callback_effect, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                entity->id, effect_nr)
+    ).detach();
 }
 
-void magic_unshroud (character_t * other_char)
+void magic_unshroud(character_t *other_char)
 {
     other_char->state.shroud_active = 0;
     // Now warp the caster out of and back into here to refresh everyone's display
-    char_update (other_char);
-    clif_displaymessage (other_char->fd, "Your shroud has been dispelled!");
+    char_update(other_char);
+    clif_displaymessage(other_char->fd, "Your shroud has been dispelled!");
 //        entity_effect(&other_char->bl, MAGIC_EFFECT_REVEAL);
 }
 
-static void
-timer_callback_effect_npc_delete (timer_id UNUSED, tick_t odelay,
-                                  custom_id_t npc_id, custom_data_t UNUSED)
+static
+void timer_callback_effect_npc_delete(TimerData *, tick_t, int npc_id)
 {
-    struct npc_data *effect_npc = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (npc_id);
-    npc_free (effect_npc);
+    struct npc_data *effect_npc = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(npc_id);
+    npc_free(effect_npc);
 }
 
-static struct npc_data *local_spell_effect (int m, int x, int y, int effect,
-                                            int tdelay)
+static
+struct npc_data *local_spell_effect(int m, int x, int y, int effect,
+        interval_t tdelay)
 {
-    int  delay = 30000;         /* 1 minute should be enough for all interesting spell effects, I hope */
-    struct npc_data *effect_npc = npc_spawn_text (m, x, y,
-                                                  INVISIBLE_NPC, "", "?");
-    int  effect_npc_id = effect_npc->bl.id;
-
-    entity_effect (&effect_npc->bl, effect, tdelay);
-    add_timer (gettick () + delay,
-               timer_callback_effect_npc_delete, effect_npc_id, 0);
+    /* 1 minute should be enough for all interesting spell effects, I hope */
+    std::chrono::seconds delay = std::chrono::seconds(30);
+    struct npc_data *effect_npc = npc_spawn_text(m, x, y,
+            INVISIBLE_NPC, "", "?");
+    int effect_npc_id = effect_npc->bl.id;
+
+    entity_effect(&effect_npc->bl, effect, tdelay);
+    Timer(gettick() + delay,
+            std::bind(timer_callback_effect_npc_delete, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                effect_npc_id)
+    ).detach();
 
     return effect_npc;
 }
 
-static int op_sfx (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_sfx(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    int  delay = ARGINT (2);
+    interval_t delay = static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(2));
 
-    if (TY (0) == TY_ENTITY)
+    if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::ENTITY)
     {
-        entity_effect (ARGENTITY (0), ARGINT (1), delay);
+        entity_effect(ARGENTITY(0), ARGINT(1), delay);
     }
-    else if (TY (0) == TY_LOCATION)
+    else if (ARG_TYPE(0) == TYPE::LOCATION)
     {
-        local_spell_effect (ARGLOCATION (0).m,
-                            ARGLOCATION (0).x,
-                            ARGLOCATION (0).y, ARGINT (1), delay);
+        local_spell_effect(ARGLOCATION(0).m,
+                            ARGLOCATION(0).x,
+                            ARGLOCATION(0).y, ARGINT(1), delay);
     }
     else
         return 1;
@@ -284,192 +316,213 @@ static int op_sfx (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_instaheal (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_instaheal(env_t *env, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *caster = (VAR (VAR_CASTER).ty == TY_ENTITY)
-        ? map_id2bl (VAR (VAR_CASTER).v.v_int) : NULL;
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
+    entity_t *caster = (VAR(VAR_CASTER).ty == TYPE::ENTITY)
+        ? map_id2bl(VAR(VAR_CASTER).v.v_int) : NULL;
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
     if (!caster)
         caster = subject;
 
-    if (caster->type == BL_PC && subject->type == BL_PC)
+    if (caster->type == BL::PC && subject->type == BL::PC)
     {
         character_t *caster_pc = (character_t *) caster;
         character_t *subject_pc = (character_t *) subject;
-        MAP_LOG_PC (caster_pc, "SPELLHEAL-INSTA PC%d FOR %d",
-                    subject_pc->status.char_id, ARGINT (1));
+        MAP_LOG_PC(caster_pc, "SPELLHEAL-INSTA PC%d FOR %d",
+                    subject_pc->status.char_id, ARGINT(1));
     }
 
-    battle_heal (caster, subject, ARGINT (1), ARGINT (2), 0);
+    battle_heal(caster, subject, ARGINT(1), ARGINT(2), 0);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_itemheal (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_itemheal(env_t *env, int args_nr, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
-    if (subject->type == BL_PC)
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
+    if (subject->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        pc_itemheal ((struct map_session_data *) subject,
-                     ARGINT (1), ARGINT (2));
+        pc_itemheal((struct map_session_data *) subject,
+                     ARGINT(1), ARGINT(2));
     }
     else
-        return op_instaheal (env, args_nr, args);
+        return op_instaheal(env, args_nr, args);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define SHROUD_HIDE_NAME_TALKING_FLAG	(1 << 0)
-#define SHROUD_DISAPPEAR_ON_PICKUP_FLAG	(1 << 1)
-#define SHROUD_DISAPPEAR_ON_TALK_FLAG	(1 << 2)
+namespace e
+{
+enum class Shroud
+{
+    HIDE_NAME_TALKING_FLAG      = 1 << 0,
+    DISAPPEAR_ON_PICKUP_FLAG    = 1 << 1,
+    DISAPPEAR_ON_TALK_FLAG      = 1 << 2,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(Shroud)
+}
+using e::Shroud;
 
-#define ARGCHAR(n) (ARGENTITY(n)->type == BL_PC) ? (character_t *)(ARGENTITY(n)) : NULL
+// differs from ARGPC by checking
+#define ARGCHAR(n) (ARGENTITY(n)->type == BL::PC) ? (character_t *)(ARGENTITY(n)) : NULL
 
-static int op_shroud (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_shroud(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *subject = ARGCHAR (0);
-    int  arg = ARGINT (1);
+    character_t *subject = ARGCHAR(0);
+    Shroud arg = static_cast<Shroud>(ARGINT(1));
 
     if (!subject)
         return 0;
 
     subject->state.shroud_active = 1;
     subject->state.shroud_hides_name_talking =
-        (arg & SHROUD_HIDE_NAME_TALKING_FLAG) != 0;
+        bool(arg & Shroud::HIDE_NAME_TALKING_FLAG);
     subject->state.shroud_disappears_on_pickup =
-        (arg & SHROUD_DISAPPEAR_ON_PICKUP_FLAG) != 0;
+        bool(arg & Shroud::DISAPPEAR_ON_PICKUP_FLAG);
     subject->state.shroud_disappears_on_talk =
-        (arg & SHROUD_DISAPPEAR_ON_TALK_FLAG) != 0;
+        bool(arg & Shroud::DISAPPEAR_ON_TALK_FLAG);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_reveal (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_reveal(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *subject = ARGCHAR (0);
+    character_t *subject = ARGCHAR(0);
 
     if (subject && subject->state.shroud_active)
-        magic_unshroud (subject);
+        magic_unshroud(subject);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_message (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_message(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *subject = ARGCHAR (0);
+    character_t *subject = ARGCHAR(0);
 
     if (subject)
-        clif_displaymessage (subject->fd, ARGSTR (1));
+        clif_displaymessage(subject->fd, ARGSTR(1));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-timer_callback_kill_npc (timer_id UNUSED, tick_t odelay, custom_id_t npc_id,
-                         custom_data_t data)
+static
+void timer_callback_kill_npc(TimerData *, tick_t, int npc_id)
 {
-    struct npc_data *npc = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (npc_id);
+    struct npc_data *npc = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(npc_id);
     if (npc)
-        npc_free (npc);
+        npc_free(npc);
 }
 
-static int op_messenger_npc (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_messenger_npc(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
     struct npc_data *npc;
-    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION (0);
+    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION(0);
 
-    npc = npc_spawn_text (loc->m, loc->x, loc->y,
-                          ARGINT (1), ARGSTR (2), ARGSTR (3));
+    npc = npc_spawn_text(loc->m, loc->x, loc->y,
+            ARGINT(1), ARGSTR(2), ARGSTR(3));
 
-    add_timer (gettick () + ARGINT (4),
-               &timer_callback_kill_npc, npc->bl.id, 0);
+    Timer(gettick() + static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(4)),
+            std::bind(timer_callback_kill_npc, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                npc->bl.id)
+    ).detach();
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void entity_warp (entity_t * target, int destm, int destx, int desty)
+static
+void entity_warp(entity_t *target, int destm, int destx, int desty)
 {
-    if (target->type == BL_PC || target->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (target->type == BL::PC || target->type == BL::MOB)
     {
 
         switch (target->type)
         {
-            case BL_PC:
+            case BL::PC:
             {
                 character_t *character = (character_t *) target;
                 char *map_name;
-                clif_clearchar_area (&character->bl, 3);
-                map_delblock (&character->bl);
+                clif_clearchar(&character->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
+                map_delblock(&character->bl);
                 character->bl.x = destx;
                 character->bl.y = desty;
                 character->bl.m = destm;
 
-                pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs (character);
+                pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs(character);
 
                 // Note that touching NPCs may have triggered warping and thereby updated x and y:
                 map_name = map[character->bl.m].name;
 
                 // Warp part #1: update relevant data, interrupt trading etc.:
-                pc_setpos (character, map_name, character->bl.x, character->bl.y, 0);
+                pc_setpos(character, map_name, character->bl.x, character->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
                 // Warp part #2: now notify the client
-                clif_changemap (character, map_name,
+                clif_changemap(character, map_name,
                                 character->bl.x, character->bl.y);
                 break;
             }
-            case BL_MOB:
+            case BL::MOB:
                 target->x = destx;
                 target->y = desty;
                 target->m = destm;
-                clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) target);
+                clif_fixmobpos((struct mob_data *) target);
                 break;
         }
     }
 }
 
-static int op_move (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_move(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
-    int  dir = ARGDIR (1);
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
+    DIR dir = ARGDIR(1);
 
-    int  newx = subject->x + heading_x[dir];
-    int  newy = subject->y + heading_y[dir];
+    int newx = subject->x + dirx[dir];
+    int newy = subject->y + diry[dir];
 
-    if (!map_is_solid (subject->m, newx, newy))
-        entity_warp (subject, subject->m, newx, newy);
+    if (!bool(map_getcell(subject->m, newx, newy) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
+        entity_warp(subject, subject->m, newx, newy);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_warp (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_warp(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
-    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION (1);
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
+    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION(1);
 
-    entity_warp (subject, loc->m, loc->x, loc->y);
+    entity_warp(subject, loc->m, loc->x, loc->y);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_banish (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_banish(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
 
-    if (subject->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (subject->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         struct mob_data *mob = (struct mob_data *) subject;
 
-        if (mob->mode & MOB_MODE_SUMMONED)
-            mob_catch_delete (mob, 3);
+        if (bool(mob->mode & MobMode::SUMMONED))
+            mob_catch_delete(mob, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-record_status_change (invocation_t * invocation, int bl_id, int sc_id)
+static
+void record_status_change(invocation_t *invocation, int bl_id,
+        StatusChange sc_id)
 {
-    int  index = invocation->status_change_refs_nr++;
+    int index = invocation->status_change_refs_nr++;
     status_change_ref_t *cr;
 
-    RECREATE (invocation->status_change_refs, status_change_ref_t, invocation->status_change_refs_nr);
+    RECREATE(invocation->status_change_refs, status_change_ref_t, invocation->status_change_refs_nr);
 
     cr = &invocation->status_change_refs[index];
 
@@ -477,44 +530,51 @@ record_status_change (invocation_t * invocation, int bl_id, int sc_id)
     cr->bl_id = bl_id;
 }
 
-static int op_status_change (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_status_change(env_t *env, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
-    int  invocation_id = VAR (VAR_INVOCATION).ty == TY_INVOCATION
-        ? VAR (VAR_INVOCATION).v.v_int : 0;
-    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (invocation_id);
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
+    int invocation_id = VAR(VAR_INVOCATION).ty == TYPE::INVOCATION
+        ? VAR(VAR_INVOCATION).v.v_int : 0;
+    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(invocation_id);
 
-    skill_status_effect (subject, ARGINT (1), ARGINT (2), ARGINT (3),
-                         ARGINT (4), ARGINT (5), ARGINT (6), 0,
-                         invocation_id);
+    assert (!ARGINT(3));
+    assert (!ARGINT(4));
+    assert (!ARGINT(5));
+    skill_status_effect(subject, static_cast<StatusChange>(ARGINT(1)),
+            ARGINT(2),
+            static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(6)), invocation_id);
 
-    if (invocation && subject->type == BL_PC)
-        record_status_change (invocation, subject->id, ARGINT (1));
+    if (invocation && subject->type == BL::PC)
+        record_status_change(invocation, subject->id, StatusChange(ARGINT(1)));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_stop_status_change (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_stop_status_change(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY (0);
+    entity_t *subject = ARGENTITY(0);
 
-    skill_status_change_end (subject, ARGINT (1), -1);
+    StatusChange sc = static_cast<StatusChange>(ARGINT(1));
+    skill_status_change_end(subject, sc, nullptr);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_override_attack (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_override_attack(env_t *env, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *psubject = ARGENTITY (0);
-    int  charges = ARGINT (1);
-    int  attack_delay = ARGINT (2);
-    int  attack_range = ARGINT (3);
-    int  icon = ARGINT (4);
-    int  look = ARGINT (5);
-    int  stopattack = ARGINT (6);
+    entity_t *psubject = ARGENTITY(0);
+    int charges = ARGINT(1);
+    interval_t attack_delay = static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(2));
+    int attack_range = ARGINT(3);
+    StatusChange icon = StatusChange(ARGINT(4));
+    int look = ARGINT(5);
+    int stopattack = ARGINT(6);
     character_t *subject;
 
-    if (psubject->type != BL_PC)
+    if (psubject->type != BL::PC)
         return 0;
 
     subject = (character_t *) psubject;
@@ -522,76 +582,86 @@ static int op_override_attack (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
     if (subject->attack_spell_override)
     {
         invocation_t *old_invocation =
-            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (subject->attack_spell_override);
+            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(subject->attack_spell_override);
         if (old_invocation)
-            spell_free_invocation (old_invocation);
+            spell_free_invocation(old_invocation);
     }
 
     subject->attack_spell_override =
-        trigger_spell (subject->bl.id, VAR (VAR_INVOCATION).v.v_int);
+        trigger_spell(subject->bl.id, VAR(VAR_INVOCATION).v.v_int);
     subject->attack_spell_charges = charges;
 
     if (subject->attack_spell_override)
     {
         invocation_t *attack_spell =
-            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (subject->attack_spell_override);
+            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(subject->attack_spell_override);
         if (attack_spell && stopattack)
-            attack_spell->flags |= INVOCATION_FLAG_STOPATTACK;
+            attack_spell->flags |= INVOCATION_FLAG::STOPATTACK;
 
-        char_set_weapon_icon (subject, charges, icon, look);
-        char_set_attack_info (subject, attack_delay, attack_range);
+        char_set_weapon_icon(subject, charges, icon, look);
+        char_set_attack_info(subject, attack_delay, attack_range);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_create_item (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_create_item(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
     struct item item;
-    entity_t *entity = ARGENTITY (0);
+    entity_t *entity = ARGENTITY(0);
     character_t *subject;
-    int  stackable;
-    int  count = ARGINT (2);
+    int stackable;
+    int count = ARGINT(2);
     if (count <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    if (entity->type == BL_PC)
+    if (entity->type == BL::PC)
         subject = (character_t *) entity;
     else
         return 0;
 
-    GET_ARG_ITEM (1, item, stackable);
+    GET_ARG_ITEM(1, item, stackable);
 
     if (!stackable)
         while (count--)
-            pc_additem (subject, &item, 1);
+            pc_additem(subject, &item, 1);
     else
-        pc_additem (subject, &item, count);
+        pc_additem(subject, &item, count);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define AGGRAVATION_MODE_ATTACKS_CASTER(n) 	((n) == 0 || (n) == 2)
-#define AGGRAVATION_MODE_MAKES_AGGRESSIVE(n)	((n) > 0)
+inline
+bool AGGRAVATION_MODE_ATTACKS_CASTER(int n)
+{
+    return n == 0 || n == 2;
+}
+inline
+bool AGGRAVATION_MODE_MAKES_AGGRESSIVE(int n)
+{
+    return n > 0;
+}
 
-static int op_aggravate (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_aggravate(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *victim = ARGENTITY (2);
-    int  mode = ARGINT (1);
-    entity_t *target = ARGENTITY (0);
+    entity_t *victim = ARGENTITY(2);
+    int mode = ARGINT(1);
+    entity_t *target = ARGENTITY(0);
     struct mob_data *other;
 
-    if (target->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (target->type == BL::MOB)
         other = (struct mob_data *) target;
     else
         return 0;
 
-    mob_target (other, victim, battle_get_range (victim));
+    mob_target(other, victim, battle_get_range(victim));
 
-    if (AGGRAVATION_MODE_MAKES_AGGRESSIVE (mode))
-        other->mode = 0x85 | (other->mode & MOB_SENSIBLE_MASK); /* war */
+    if (AGGRAVATION_MODE_MAKES_AGGRESSIVE(mode))
+        other->mode = MobMode::war | (other->mode & MobMode::SENSIBLE_MASK);
 
-    if (AGGRAVATION_MODE_ATTACKS_CASTER (mode))
+    if (AGGRAVATION_MODE_ATTACKS_CASTER(mode))
     {
         other->target_id = victim->id;
         other->attacked_id = victim->id;
@@ -600,37 +670,42 @@ static int op_aggravate (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define MONSTER_ATTITUDE_HOSTILE	0
-#define MONSTER_ATTITUDE_FRIENDLY	1
-#define MONSTER_ATTITUDE_SERVANT	2
-#define MONSTER_ATTITUDE_FROZEN		3
-
-static int op_spawn (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+enum class MonsterAttitude
 {
-    area_t *area = ARGAREA (0);
-    entity_t *owner_e = ARGENTITY (1);
-    int  monster_id = ARGINT (2);
-    int  monster_attitude = ARGINT (3);
-    int  monster_count = ARGINT (4);
-    int  monster_lifetime = ARGINT (5);
-    int  i;
+    HOSTILE     = 0,
+    FRIENDLY    = 1,
+    SERVANT     = 2,
+    FROZEN      = 3,
+};
 
-    character_t *owner = (monster_attitude == MONSTER_ATTITUDE_SERVANT
-                          && owner_e->type ==
-                          BL_PC) ? (character_t *) owner_e : NULL;
+static
+int op_spawn(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
+{
+    area_t *area = ARGAREA(0);
+    entity_t *owner_e = ARGENTITY(1);
+    int monster_id = ARGINT(2);
+    MonsterAttitude monster_attitude = static_cast<MonsterAttitude>(ARGINT(3));
+    int monster_count = ARGINT(4);
+    interval_t monster_lifetime = static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(5));
+    int i;
+
+    character_t *owner = NULL;
+    if (monster_attitude == MonsterAttitude::SERVANT
+        && owner_e->type == BL::PC)
+        owner = (character_t *) owner_e;
 
     for (i = 0; i < monster_count; i++)
     {
         location_t loc;
-        magic_random_location (&loc, area);
+        magic_random_location(&loc, area);
 
-        int  mob_id;
+        int mob_id;
         struct mob_data *mob;
 
-        mob_id = mob_once_spawn (owner, map[loc.m].name, loc.x, loc.y, "--ja--",    // Is that needed?
+        mob_id = mob_once_spawn(owner, map[loc.m].name, loc.x, loc.y, "--ja--",    // Is that needed?
                                  monster_id, 1, "");
 
-        mob = (struct mob_data *) map_id2bl (mob_id);
+        mob = (struct mob_data *) map_id2bl(mob_id);
 
         if (mob)
         {
@@ -638,18 +713,17 @@ static int op_spawn (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
 
             switch (monster_attitude)
             {
-
-                case MONSTER_ATTITUDE_SERVANT:
+                case MonsterAttitude::SERVANT:
                     mob->state.special_mob_ai = 1;
-                    mob->mode |= 0x04;
+                    mob->mode |= MobMode::AGGRESSIVE;
                     break;
 
-                case MONSTER_ATTITUDE_FRIENDLY:
-                    mob->mode = 0x80 | (mob->mode & 1);
+                case MonsterAttitude::FRIENDLY:
+                    mob->mode = MobMode::CAN_ATTACK | (mob->mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE);
                     break;
 
-                case MONSTER_ATTITUDE_HOSTILE:
-                    mob->mode = 0x84 | (mob->mode & 1);
+                case MonsterAttitude::HOSTILE:
+                    mob->mode = MobMode::CAN_ATTACK | MobMode::AGGRESSIVE | (mob->mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE);
                     if (owner)
                     {
                         mob->target_id = owner->bl.id;
@@ -657,16 +731,17 @@ static int op_spawn (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
                     }
                     break;
 
-                case MONSTER_ATTITUDE_FROZEN:
-                    mob->mode = 0;
+                case MonsterAttitude::FROZEN:
+                    mob->mode = MobMode::ZERO;
                     break;
             }
 
             mob->mode |=
-                MOB_MODE_SUMMONED | MOB_MODE_TURNS_AGAINST_BAD_MASTER;
+                MobMode::SUMMONED | MobMode::TURNS_AGAINST_BAD_MASTER;
 
-            mob->deletetimer = add_timer (gettick () + monster_lifetime,
-                                          mob_timer_delete, mob_id, 0);
+            mob->deletetimer = Timer(gettick() + monster_lifetime,
+                    std::bind(mob_timer_delete, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                        mob_id));
 
             if (owner)
             {
@@ -680,13 +755,13 @@ static int op_spawn (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
 }
 
 static
-const char *get_invocation_name (env_t * env)
+const char *get_invocation_name(env_t *env)
 {
     invocation_t *invocation;
 
-    if (VAR (VAR_INVOCATION).ty != TY_INVOCATION)
+    if (VAR(VAR_INVOCATION).ty != TYPE::INVOCATION)
         return "?";
-    invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (VAR (VAR_INVOCATION).v.v_int);
+    invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(VAR(VAR_INVOCATION).v.v_int);
 
     if (invocation)
         return invocation->spell->name;
@@ -694,16 +769,17 @@ const char *get_invocation_name (env_t * env)
         return "??";
 }
 
-static int op_injure (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_injure(env_t *env, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *caster = ARGENTITY (0);
-    entity_t *target = ARGENTITY (1);
-    int  damage_caused = ARGINT (2);
-    int  mp_damage = ARGINT (3);
-    int  target_hp = battle_get_hp (target);
-    int  mdef = battle_get_mdef (target);
-
-    if (target->type == BL_PC && !map[target->m].flag.pvp && !((character_t *) target)->special_state.killable && (caster->type != BL_PC || !((character_t *) caster)->special_state.killer))
+    entity_t *caster = ARGENTITY(0);
+    entity_t *target = ARGENTITY(1);
+    int damage_caused = ARGINT(2);
+    int mp_damage = ARGINT(3);
+    int target_hp = battle_get_hp(target);
+    int mdef = battle_get_mdef(target);
+
+    if (target->type == BL::PC && !map[target->m].flag.pvp && !((character_t *) target)->special_state.killable && (caster->type != BL::PC || !((character_t *) caster)->special_state.killer))
         return 0;               /* Cannot damage other players outside of pvp */
 
     if (target != caster)
@@ -719,107 +795,117 @@ static int op_injure (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
         damage_caused = 0;
 
     // display damage first, because dealing damage may deallocate the target.
-    clif_damage (caster, target, gettick (), 0, 0, damage_caused, 0, 0, 0);
+    clif_damage(caster, target,
+            gettick(), interval_t::zero(), interval_t::zero(),
+            damage_caused, 0, DamageType::NORMAL, 0);
 
-    if (caster->type == BL_PC)
+    if (caster->type == BL::PC)
     {
         character_t *caster_pc = (character_t *) caster;
-        if (target->type == BL_MOB)
+        if (target->type == BL::MOB)
         {
             struct mob_data *mob = (struct mob_data *) target;
 
-            MAP_LOG_PC (caster_pc, "SPELLDMG MOB%d %d FOR %d BY %s",
+            MAP_LOG_PC(caster_pc, "SPELLDMG MOB%d %d FOR %d BY %s",
                         mob->bl.id, mob->mob_class, damage_caused,
-                        get_invocation_name (env));
+                        get_invocation_name(env));
         }
     }
-    battle_damage (caster, target, damage_caused, mp_damage);
+    battle_damage(caster, target, damage_caused, mp_damage);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_emote (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_emote(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    entity_t *victim = ARGENTITY (0);
-    int  emotion = ARGINT (1);
-    clif_emotion (victim, emotion);
+    entity_t *victim = ARGENTITY(0);
+    int emotion = ARGINT(1);
+    clif_emotion(victim, emotion);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_set_script_variable (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_set_script_variable(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *c = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
+    character_t *c = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
 
     if (!c)
         return 1;
 
-    pc_setglobalreg (c, ARGSTR (1), ARGINT (2));
+    pc_setglobalreg(c, ARGSTR(1), ARGINT(2));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_set_hair_colour (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_set_hair_colour(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *c = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
+    character_t *c = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
 
     if (!c)
         return 1;
 
-    pc_changelook (c, LOOK_HAIR_COLOR, ARGINT (1));
+    pc_changelook(c, LOOK::HAIR_COLOR, ARGINT(1));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_set_hair_style (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_set_hair_style(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *c = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
+    character_t *c = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
 
     if (!c)
         return 1;
 
-    pc_changelook (c, LOOK_HAIR, ARGINT (1));
+    pc_changelook(c, LOOK::HAIR, ARGINT(1));
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_drop_item_for (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_drop_item_for (env_t *, int args_nr, val_t *args)
 {
     struct item item;
-    int  stackable;
-    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION (0);
-    int  count = ARGINT (2);
-    int  time = ARGINT (3);
-    character_t *c = ((args_nr > 4) && (ETY (4) == BL_PC)) ? ARGPC (4) : NULL;
-    int  delay = (args_nr > 5) ? ARGINT (5) : 0;
-    int  delaytime[3] = { delay, delay, delay };
+    int stackable;
+    location_t *loc = &ARGLOCATION(0);
+    int count = ARGINT(2);
+    interval_t interval = static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(3));
+    character_t *c = ((args_nr > 4) && (ENTITY_TYPE(4) == BL::PC)) ? ARGPC(4) : NULL;
+    interval_t delay = (args_nr > 5) ? static_cast<interval_t>(ARGINT(5)) : interval_t::zero();
+    interval_t delaytime[3] = { delay, delay, delay };
     character_t *owners[3] = { c, NULL, NULL };
 
-    GET_ARG_ITEM (1, item, stackable);
+    GET_ARG_ITEM(1, item, stackable);
 
     if (stackable)
-        map_addflooritem_any (&item, count, loc->m, loc->x, loc->y,
-                              owners, delaytime, time, 0);
+        map_addflooritem_any(&item, count, loc->m, loc->x, loc->y,
+                owners, delaytime, interval, 0);
     else
         while (count-- > 0)
-            map_addflooritem_any (&item, 1, loc->m, loc->x, loc->y,
-                                  owners, delaytime, time, 0);
+            map_addflooritem_any(&item, 1, loc->m, loc->x, loc->y,
+                    owners, delaytime, interval, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int op_gain_exp (env_t * env, int args_nr, val_t * args)
+static
+int op_gain_exp(env_t *, int, val_t *args)
 {
-    character_t *c = (ETY (0) == BL_PC) ? ARGPC (0) : NULL;
+    character_t *c = (ENTITY_TYPE(0) == BL::PC) ? ARGPC(0) : NULL;
 
     if (!c)
         return 1;
 
-    pc_gainexp_reason (c, ARGINT (1), ARGINT (2), ARGINT (3));
+    pc_gainexp_reason(c, ARGINT(1), ARGINT(2),
+            PC_GAINEXP_REASON(ARGINT(3)));
     return 0;
 }
 
-static op_t operations[] = {
+static
+op_t operations[] = {
     {"sfx", ".ii", op_sfx},
     {"instaheal", "eii", op_instaheal},
     {"itemheal", "eii", op_itemheal},
@@ -847,16 +933,18 @@ static op_t operations[] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL}
 };
 
-static int operations_sorted = 0;
-static int operation_count;
+static
+int operations_sorted = 0;
+static
+int operation_count;
 
 static
-int compare_operations (const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
+int compare_operations(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
 {
-    return strcmp (((op_t *) lhs)->name, ((op_t *) rhs)->name);
+    return strcmp(((const op_t *) lhs)->name, ((const op_t *) rhs)->name);
 }
 
-op_t *magic_get_op (char *name, int *index)
+op_t *magic_get_op(char *name, int *index)
 {
     op_t key;
 
@@ -869,13 +957,13 @@ op_t *magic_get_op (char *name, int *index)
 
         operation_count = opc - operations;
 
-        qsort (operations, operation_count, sizeof (op_t),
+        qsort(operations, operation_count, sizeof(op_t),
                compare_operations);
         operations_sorted = 1;
     }
 
     key.name = name;
-    op_t *op = (op_t *)bsearch (&key, operations, operation_count, sizeof (op_t),
+    op_t *op = (op_t *)bsearch(&key, operations, operation_count, sizeof(op_t),
                         compare_operations);
 
     if (op && index)
@@ -884,15 +972,14 @@ op_t *magic_get_op (char *name, int *index)
     return op;
 }
 
-void
-spell_effect_report_termination (int invocation_id, int bl_id, int sc_id,
-                                 int supplanted)
+void spell_effect_report_termination(int invocation_id, int bl_id,
+        StatusChange sc_id, int)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  index = -1;
-    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (invocation_id);
+    int i;
+    int index = -1;
+    invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(invocation_id);
 
-    if (!invocation || invocation->bl.type != BL_SPELL)
+    if (!invocation || invocation->bl.type != BL::SPELL)
         return;
 
     for (i = 0; i < invocation->status_change_refs_nr; i++)
@@ -907,9 +994,9 @@ spell_effect_report_termination (int invocation_id, int bl_id, int sc_id,
 
     if (index == -1)
     {
-        entity_t *entity = map_id2bl (bl_id);
-        if (entity->type == BL_PC)
-            fprintf (stderr,
+        entity_t *entity = map_id2bl(bl_id);
+        if (entity->type == BL::PC)
+            FPRINTF(stderr,
                      "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: spell-effect-report-termination:  tried to terminate on unexpected bl %d, sc %d\n",
                      bl_id, sc_id);
         return;
@@ -922,10 +1009,11 @@ spell_effect_report_termination (int invocation_id, int bl_id, int sc_id,
             invocation->
             status_change_refs[--invocation->status_change_refs_nr];
 
-    try_to_finish_invocation (invocation);
+    try_to_finish_invocation(invocation);
 }
 
-static effect_t *return_to_stack (invocation_t * invocation)
+static
+effect_t *return_to_stack(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
     if (!invocation->stack_size)
         return NULL;
@@ -936,28 +1024,28 @@ static effect_t *return_to_stack (invocation_t * invocation)
         switch (ar->ty)
         {
 
-            case CONT_STACK_PROC:
+            case CONT_STACK::PROC:
             {
                 effect_t *ret = ar->return_location;
-                int  i;
+                int i;
 
                 for (i = 0; i < ar->c.c_proc.args_nr; i++)
                 {
                     val_t *var =
                         &invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_proc.formals[i]];
-                    magic_clear_var (var);
+                    magic_clear_var(var);
                     *var = ar->c.c_proc.old_actuals[i];
                 }
 
-                clear_activation_record (ar);
+                clear_activation_record(ar);
                 --invocation->stack_size;
 
                 return ret;
             }
 
-            case CONT_STACK_FOREACH:
+            case CONT_STACK::FOREACH:
             {
-                int  entity_id;
+                int entity_id;
                 val_t *var = &invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_foreach.id];
 
                 do
@@ -965,7 +1053,7 @@ static effect_t *return_to_stack (invocation_t * invocation)
                     if (ar->c.c_foreach.index >= ar->c.c_foreach.entities_nr)
                     {
                         effect_t *ret = ar->return_location;
-                        clear_activation_record (ar);
+                        clear_activation_record(ar);
                         --invocation->stack_size;
                         return ret;
                     }
@@ -973,33 +1061,33 @@ static effect_t *return_to_stack (invocation_t * invocation)
                     entity_id =
                         ar->c.c_foreach.entities[ar->c.c_foreach.index++];
                 }
-                while (!entity_id || !map_id2bl (entity_id));
+                while (!entity_id || !map_id2bl(entity_id));
 
-                magic_clear_var (var);
+                magic_clear_var(var);
                 var->ty = ar->c.c_foreach.ty;
                 var->v.v_int = entity_id;
 
                 return ar->c.c_foreach.body;
             }
 
-            case CONT_STACK_FOR:
+            case CONT_STACK::FOR:
                 if (ar->c.c_for.current > ar->c.c_for.stop)
                 {
                     effect_t *ret = ar->return_location;
-                    clear_activation_record (ar);
+                    clear_activation_record(ar);
                     --invocation->stack_size;
                     return ret;
                 }
 
-                magic_clear_var (&invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_for.id]);
-                invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_for.id].ty = TY_INT;
+                magic_clear_var(&invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_for.id]);
+                invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_for.id].ty = TYPE::INT;
                 invocation->env->vars[ar->c.c_for.id].v.v_int =
                     ar->c.c_for.current++;
 
                 return ar->c.c_for.body;
 
             default:
-                fprintf (stderr,
+                FPRINTF(stderr,
                          "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: While executing spell `%s':  stack corruption\n",
                          invocation->spell->name);
                 return NULL;
@@ -1007,15 +1095,15 @@ static effect_t *return_to_stack (invocation_t * invocation)
     }
 }
 
-static cont_activation_record_t *add_stack_entry (invocation_t * invocation,
-                                                  int ty,
-                                                  effect_t * return_location)
+static
+cont_activation_record_t *add_stack_entry(invocation_t *invocation,
+        CONT_STACK ty, effect_t *return_location)
 {
     cont_activation_record_t *ar =
         invocation->stack + invocation->stack_size++;
     if (invocation->stack_size >= MAX_STACK_SIZE)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr,
+        FPRINTF(stderr,
                  "[magic] Execution stack size exceeded in spell `%s'; truncating effect\n",
                  invocation->spell->name);
         invocation->stack_size--;
@@ -1027,121 +1115,119 @@ static cont_activation_record_t *add_stack_entry (invocation_t * invocation,
     return ar;
 }
 
-static int find_entities_in_area_c (entity_t * target, va_list va)
+static
+void find_entities_in_area_c(entity_t *target,
+        int *entities_allocd_p,
+        int *entities_nr_p,
+        int **entities_p,
+        FOREACH_FILTER filter)
 {
-    int *entities_allocd_p = va_arg (va, int *);
-    int *entities_nr_p = va_arg (va, int *);
-    int **entities_p = va_arg (va, int **);
-    int  filter = va_arg (va, int);
-
 /* The following macro adds an entity to the result list: */
 #define ADD_ENTITY(e)                                                   \
         if (*entities_nr_p == *entities_allocd_p) {                     \
                 /* Need more space */                                   \
                 (*entities_allocd_p) += 32;                             \
-                RECREATE (*entities_p, int, *entities_allocd_p); \
+                RECREATE(*entities_p, int, *entities_allocd_p); \
         }                                                               \
         (*entities_p)[(*entities_nr_p)++] = e;
 
     switch (target->type)
     {
 
-        case BL_PC:
-            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_PC
-                || filter == FOREACH_FILTER_ENTITY
-                || (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_TARGET
+        case BL::PC:
+            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::PC
+                || filter == FOREACH_FILTER::ENTITY
+                || (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::TARGET
                     && map[target->m].flag.pvp))
                 break;
-            else if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_SPELL)
+            else if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::SPELL)
             {                   /* Check all spells bound to the caster */
                 invocation_t *invoc = ((character_t *) target)->active_spells;
                 /* Add all spells locked onto thie PC */
 
                 while (invoc)
                 {
-                    ADD_ENTITY (invoc->bl.id);
+                    ADD_ENTITY(invoc->bl.id);
                     invoc = invoc->next_invocation;
                 }
             }
-            return 0;
+            return;
 
-        case BL_MOB:
-            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_MOB
-                || filter == FOREACH_FILTER_ENTITY
-                || filter == FOREACH_FILTER_TARGET)
+        case BL::MOB:
+            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::MOB
+                || filter == FOREACH_FILTER::ENTITY
+                || filter == FOREACH_FILTER::TARGET)
                 break;
             else
-                return 0;
+                return;
 
-        case BL_SPELL:
-            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_SPELL)
+        case BL::SPELL:
+            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::SPELL)
             {
                 invocation_t *invocation = (invocation_t *) target;
 
-                /* Check whether the spell is `bound'-- if so, we'll consider it iff we see the caster (case BL_PC). */
-                if (invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG_BOUND)
-                    return 0;
+                /* Check whether the spell is `bound'-- if so, we'll consider it iff we see the caster(case BL::PC). */
+                if (bool(invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG::BOUND))
+                    return;
                 else
                     break;      /* Add the spell */
             }
             else
-                return 0;
+                return;
 
-        case BL_NPC:
-            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_NPC)
+        case BL::NPC:
+            if (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::NPC)
                 break;
             else
-                return 0;
+                return;
 
         default:
-            return 0;
+            return;
     }
 
-    ADD_ENTITY (target->id);
+    ADD_ENTITY(target->id);
 #undef ADD_ENTITY
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-find_entities_in_area (area_t * area, int *entities_allocd_p,
-                       int *entities_nr_p, int **entities_p, int filter)
+static
+void find_entities_in_area(area_t *area, int *entities_allocd_p,
+        int *entities_nr_p, int **entities_p, FOREACH_FILTER filter)
 {
     switch (area->ty)
     {
-        case AREA_UNION:
-            find_entities_in_area (area->a.a_union[0], entities_allocd_p,
+        case AREA::UNION:
+            find_entities_in_area(area->a.a_union[0], entities_allocd_p,
                                    entities_nr_p, entities_p, filter);
-            find_entities_in_area (area->a.a_union[1], entities_allocd_p,
+            find_entities_in_area(area->a.a_union[1], entities_allocd_p,
                                    entities_nr_p, entities_p, filter);
             break;
 
         default:
         {
-            int  m, x, y, width, height;
-            magic_area_rect (&m, &x, &y, &width, &height, area);
-            map_foreachinarea (find_entities_in_area_c,
+            int m, x, y, width, height;
+            magic_area_rect(&m, &x, &y, &width, &height, area);
+            map_foreachinarea(std::bind(find_entities_in_area_c, ph::_1, entities_allocd_p, entities_nr_p, entities_p, filter),
                                m, x, y, x + width, y + height,
-                               0 /* filter elsewhere */ ,
-                               entities_allocd_p, entities_nr_p, entities_p,
-                               filter);
+                               BL::NUL /* filter elsewhere */);
         }
     }
 }
 
-static effect_t *run_foreach (invocation_t * invocation, effect_t * foreach,
-                              effect_t * return_location)
+static
+effect_t *run_foreach(invocation_t *invocation, effect_t *foreach,
+                              effect_t *return_location)
 {
     val_t area;
-    int  filter = foreach->e.e_foreach.filter;
-    int  id = foreach->e.e_foreach.id;
+    FOREACH_FILTER filter = foreach->e.e_foreach.filter;
+    int id = foreach->e.e_foreach.id;
     effect_t *body = foreach->e.e_foreach.body;
 
-    magic_eval (invocation->env, &area, foreach->e.e_foreach.area);
+    magic_eval(invocation->env, &area, foreach->e.e_foreach.area);
 
-    if (area.ty != TY_AREA)
+    if (area.ty != TYPE::AREA)
     {
-        magic_clear_var (&area);
-        fprintf (stderr,
+        magic_clear_var(&area);
+        FPRINTF(stderr,
                  "[magic] Error in spell `%s':  FOREACH loop over non-area\n",
                  invocation->spell->name);
         return return_location;
@@ -1149,38 +1235,20 @@ static effect_t *run_foreach (invocation_t * invocation, effect_t * foreach,
     else
     {
         cont_activation_record_t *ar =
-            add_stack_entry (invocation, CONT_STACK_FOREACH, return_location);
-        int  entities_allocd = 64;
-        int *entities_collect;
+            add_stack_entry(invocation, CONT_STACK::FOREACH, return_location);
+        int entities_allocd = 64;
         int *entities;
-        int *shuffle_board;
-        int  entities_nr = 0;
-        int  i;
+        int entities_nr = 0;
 
         if (!ar)
             return return_location;
 
-        CREATE (entities_collect, int, entities_allocd);
-
-        find_entities_in_area (area.v.v_area, &entities_allocd, &entities_nr,
-                               &entities_collect, filter);
-
-        /* Now shuffle */
-        CREATE (shuffle_board, int, entities_nr);
-        CREATE (entities, int, entities_nr);
-        for (i = 0; i < entities_nr; i++)
-            shuffle_board[i] = i;
-
-        for (i = entities_nr - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-        {
-            int  random_index = rand () % (i + 1);
-            entities[i] = entities_collect[shuffle_board[random_index]];
-            shuffle_board[random_index] = shuffle_board[i]; // thus, we are guaranteed only to use unused indices
-        }
-
-        free (entities_collect);
-        free (shuffle_board);
-        /* Done shuffling */
+        CREATE(entities, int, entities_allocd);
+        find_entities_in_area(area.v.v_area, &entities_allocd, &entities_nr,
+                &entities, filter);
+        RECREATE(entities, int, entities_nr);
+        // iterator_pair will go away when this gets properly containerized.
+        random_::shuffle(iterator_pair(entities, entities + entities_nr));
 
         ar->c.c_foreach.id = id;
         ar->c.c_foreach.body = body;
@@ -1188,36 +1256,37 @@ static effect_t *run_foreach (invocation_t * invocation, effect_t * foreach,
         ar->c.c_foreach.entities_nr = entities_nr;
         ar->c.c_foreach.entities = entities;
         ar->c.c_foreach.ty =
-            (filter == FOREACH_FILTER_SPELL) ? TY_INVOCATION : TY_ENTITY;
+            (filter == FOREACH_FILTER::SPELL) ? TYPE::INVOCATION : TYPE::ENTITY;
 
-        magic_clear_var (&area);
+        magic_clear_var(&area);
 
-        return return_to_stack (invocation);
+        return return_to_stack(invocation);
     }
 }
 
-static effect_t *run_for (invocation_t * invocation, effect_t * for_,
-                          effect_t * return_location)
+static
+effect_t *run_for (invocation_t *invocation, effect_t *for_,
+                          effect_t *return_location)
 {
     cont_activation_record_t *ar;
-    int  id = for_->e.e_for.id;
+    int id = for_->e.e_for.id;
     val_t start;
     val_t stop;
 
-    magic_eval (invocation->env, &start, for_->e.e_for.start);
-    magic_eval (invocation->env, &stop, for_->e.e_for.stop);
+    magic_eval(invocation->env, &start, for_->e.e_for.start);
+    magic_eval(invocation->env, &stop, for_->e.e_for.stop);
 
-    if (start.ty != TY_INT || stop.ty != TY_INT)
+    if (start.ty != TYPE::INT || stop.ty != TYPE::INT)
     {
-        magic_clear_var (&start);
-        magic_clear_var (&stop);
-        fprintf (stderr,
+        magic_clear_var(&start);
+        magic_clear_var(&stop);
+        FPRINTF(stderr,
                  "[magic] Error in spell `%s':  FOR loop start or stop point is not an integer\n",
                  invocation->spell->name);
         return return_location;
     }
 
-    ar = add_stack_entry (invocation, CONT_STACK_FOR, return_location);
+    ar = add_stack_entry(invocation, CONT_STACK::FOR, return_location);
 
     if (!ar)
         return return_location;
@@ -1227,21 +1296,22 @@ static effect_t *run_for (invocation_t * invocation, effect_t * for_,
     ar->c.c_for.stop = stop.v.v_int;
     ar->c.c_for.body = for_->e.e_for.body;
 
-    return return_to_stack (invocation);
+    return return_to_stack(invocation);
 }
 
-static effect_t *run_call (invocation_t * invocation,
-                           effect_t * return_location)
+static
+effect_t *run_call(invocation_t *invocation,
+                           effect_t *return_location)
 {
     effect_t *current = invocation->current_effect;
     cont_activation_record_t *ar;
-    int  args_nr = current->e.e_call.args_nr;
+    int args_nr = current->e.e_call.args_nr;
     int *formals = current->e.e_call.formals;
     val_t *old_actuals;
-    CREATE (old_actuals, val_t, args_nr);
-    int  i;
+    CREATE(old_actuals, val_t, args_nr);
+    int i;
 
-    ar = add_stack_entry (invocation, CONT_STACK_PROC, return_location);
+    ar = add_stack_entry(invocation, CONT_STACK::PROC, return_location);
     ar->c.c_proc.args_nr = args_nr;
     ar->c.c_proc.formals = formals;
     ar->c.c_proc.old_actuals = old_actuals;
@@ -1249,8 +1319,8 @@ static effect_t *run_call (invocation_t * invocation,
     {
         val_t *env_val = &invocation->env->vars[formals[i]];
         val_t result;
-        magic_copy_var (&old_actuals[i], env_val);
-        magic_eval (invocation->env, &result, current->e.e_call.actuals[i]);
+        magic_copy_var(&old_actuals[i], env_val);
+        magic_eval(invocation->env, &result, current->e.e_call.actuals[i]);
         *env_val = result;
     }
 
@@ -1258,67 +1328,68 @@ static effect_t *run_call (invocation_t * invocation,
 }
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
-static void print_cfg (int i, effect_t * e)
+static
+void print_cfg(int i, effect_t *e)
 {
-    int  j;
+    int j;
     for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
-        printf ("    ");
+        PRINTF("    ");
 
-    printf ("%p: ", e);
+    PRINTF("%p: ", e);
 
     if (!e)
     {
-        puts (" -- end --");
+        puts(" -- end --");
         return;
     }
 
     switch (e->ty)
     {
-        case EFFECT_SKIP:
-            puts ("SKIP");
+        case EFFECT::SKIP:
+            puts("SKIP");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_END:
-            puts ("END");
+        case EFFECT::END:
+            puts("END");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_ABORT:
-            puts ("ABORT");
+        case EFFECT::ABORT:
+            puts("ABORT");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_ASSIGN:
-            puts ("ASSIGN");
+        case EFFECT::ASSIGN:
+            puts("ASSIGN");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_FOREACH:
-            puts ("FOREACH");
-            print_cfg (i + 1, e->e.e_foreach.body);
+        case EFFECT::FOREACH:
+            puts("FOREACH");
+            print_cfg(i + 1, e->e.e_foreach.body);
             break;
-        case EFFECT_FOR:
-            puts ("FOR");
-            print_cfg (i + 1, e->e.e_for.body);
+        case EFFECT::FOR:
+            puts("FOR");
+            print_cfg(i + 1, e->e.e_for.body);
             break;
-        case EFFECT_IF:
-            puts ("IF");
+        case EFFECT::IF:
+            puts("IF");
             for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
-                printf ("    ");
-            puts ("THEN");
-            print_cfg (i + 1, e->e.e_if.true_branch);
+                PRINTF("    ");
+            puts("THEN");
+            print_cfg(i + 1, e->e.e_if.true_branch);
             for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
-                printf ("    ");
-            puts ("ELSE");
-            print_cfg (i + 1, e->e.e_if.false_branch);
+                PRINTF("    ");
+            puts("ELSE");
+            print_cfg(i + 1, e->e.e_if.false_branch);
             break;
-        case EFFECT_SLEEP:
-            puts ("SLEEP");
+        case EFFECT::SLEEP:
+            puts("SLEEP");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_SCRIPT:
-            puts ("SCRIPT");
+        case EFFECT::SCRIPT:
+            puts("NpcSubtype::SCRIPT");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_BREAK:
-            puts ("BREAK");
+        case EFFECT::BREAK:
+            puts("BREAK");
             break;
-        case EFFECT_OP:
-            puts ("OP");
+        case EFFECT::OP:
+            puts("OP");
             break;
     }
-    print_cfg (i, e->next);
+    print_cfg(i, e->next);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1331,105 +1402,107 @@ static void print_cfg (int i, effect_t * e)
  *          >1 if we hit `sleep'; the result is the number of ticks we should sleep for.
  *          -1 if we paused to wait for a user action (via script interaction)
  */
-static int spell_run (invocation_t * invocation, int allow_delete)
+static
+interval_t spell_run(invocation_t *invocation, int allow_delete)
 {
     const int invocation_id = invocation->bl.id;
-#define REFRESH_INVOCATION invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(invocation_id); if (!invocation) return 0;
+#define REFRESH_INVOCATION invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(invocation_id); if (!invocation) return interval_t::zero();
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
-    fprintf (stderr, "Resuming execution:  invocation of `%s'\n",
+    FPRINTF(stderr, "Resuming execution:  invocation of `%s'\n",
              invocation->spell->name);
-    print_cfg (1, invocation->current_effect);
+    print_cfg(1, invocation->current_effect);
 #endif
     while (invocation->current_effect)
     {
         effect_t *e = invocation->current_effect;
         effect_t *next = e->next;
-        int  i;
+        int i;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
-        fprintf (stderr, "Next step of type %d\n", e->ty);
-        dump_env (invocation->env);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "Next step of type %d\n", e->ty);
+        dump_env(invocation->env);
 #endif
 
         switch (e->ty)
         {
-            case EFFECT_SKIP:
+            case EFFECT::SKIP:
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_ABORT:
-                invocation->flags |= INVOCATION_FLAG_ABORTED;
+            case EFFECT::ABORT:
+                invocation->flags |= INVOCATION_FLAG::ABORTED;
                 invocation->end_effect = NULL;
-            case EFFECT_END:
-                clear_stack (invocation);
+                FALLTHROUGH;
+            case EFFECT::END:
+                clear_stack(invocation);
                 next = NULL;
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_ASSIGN:
-                magic_eval (invocation->env,
+            case EFFECT::ASSIGN:
+                magic_eval(invocation->env,
                             &invocation->env->vars[e->e.e_assign.id],
                             e->e.e_assign.expr);
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_FOREACH:
-                next = run_foreach (invocation, e, next);
+            case EFFECT::FOREACH:
+                next = run_foreach(invocation, e, next);
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_FOR:
+            case EFFECT::FOR:
                 next = run_for (invocation, e, next);
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_IF:
-                if (magic_eval_int (invocation->env, e->e.e_if.cond))
+            case EFFECT::IF:
+                if (magic_eval_int(invocation->env, e->e.e_if.cond))
                     next = e->e.e_if.true_branch;
                 else
                     next = e->e.e_if.false_branch;
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_SLEEP:
+            case EFFECT::SLEEP:
             {
-                int  sleeptime =
-                    magic_eval_int (invocation->env, e->e.e_sleep);
+                interval_t sleeptime = static_cast<interval_t>(
+                        magic_eval_int(invocation->env, e->e.e_sleep));
                 invocation->current_effect = next;
-                if (sleeptime > 0)
+                if (sleeptime > interval_t::zero())
                     return sleeptime;
                 break;
             }
 
-            case EFFECT_SCRIPT:
+            case EFFECT::SCRIPT:
             {
                 character_t *caster =
-                    (character_t *) map_id2bl (invocation->caster);
+                    (character_t *) map_id2bl(invocation->caster);
                 if (caster)
                 {
                     env_t *env = invocation->env;
                     argrec_t arg[] = { {"@target",
-                                        VAR (VAR_TARGET).ty ==
-                                        TY_ENTITY ? 0 : VAR (VAR_TARGET).
+                                        VAR(VAR_TARGET).ty ==
+                                        TYPE::ENTITY ? 0 : VAR(VAR_TARGET).
                                         v.v_int}
                     ,
                     {"@caster", invocation->caster}
                     ,
                     {"@caster_name$", caster ? caster->status.name : ""}
                     };
-                    int  message_recipient =
-                        VAR (VAR_SCRIPTTARGET).ty ==
-                        TY_ENTITY ? VAR (VAR_SCRIPTTARGET).
+                    int message_recipient =
+                        VAR(VAR_SCRIPTTARGET).ty ==
+                        TYPE::ENTITY ? VAR(VAR_SCRIPTTARGET).
                         v.v_int : invocation->caster;
                     character_t *recipient =
-                        (character_t *) map_id2bl (message_recipient);
+                        (character_t *) map_id2bl(message_recipient);
 
                     if (recipient->npc_id
                         && recipient->npc_id != invocation->bl.id)
                         break;  /* Don't send multiple message boxes at once */
 
                     if (!invocation->script_pos)    // first time running this script?
-                        clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player (recipient,
+                        clif_spawn_fake_npc_for_player(recipient,
                                                         invocation->bl.id);
                     // We have to do this or otherwise the client won't think that it's
                     // dealing with an NPC
 
-                    int  newpos = run_script_l (e->e.e_script,
+                    int newpos = run_script_l(e->e.e_script,
                                                 invocation->script_pos,
                                                 message_recipient,
                                                 invocation->bl.id,
@@ -1440,133 +1513,125 @@ static int spell_run (invocation_t * invocation, int allow_delete)
                         /* Must set up for continuation */
                         recipient->npc_id = invocation->bl.id;
                         recipient->npc_pos = invocation->script_pos = newpos;
-                        return -1;  /* Signal `wait for script' */
+                        return static_cast<interval_t>(-1);  /* Signal `wait for script' */
                     }
                     else
                         invocation->script_pos = 0;
-                    clif_clearchar_id (invocation->bl.id, 1, caster->fd);
+                    clif_clearchar_id(invocation->bl.id, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD, caster->fd);
                 }
                 REFRESH_INVOCATION; // Script may have killed the caster
                 break;
             }
 
-            case EFFECT_BREAK:
-                next = return_to_stack (invocation);
+            case EFFECT::BREAK:
+                next = return_to_stack(invocation);
                 break;
 
-            case EFFECT_OP:
+            case EFFECT::OP:
             {
                 op_t *op = &operations[e->e.e_op.id];
                 val_t args[MAX_ARGS];
 
                 for (i = 0; i < e->e.e_op.args_nr; i++)
-                    magic_eval (invocation->env, &args[i], e->e.e_op.args[i]);
+                    magic_eval(invocation->env, &args[i], e->e.e_op.args[i]);
 
-                if (!magic_signature_check ("effect", op->name, op->signature,
+                if (!magic_signature_check("effect", op->name, op->signature,
                                             e->e.e_op.args_nr, args,
                                             e->e.e_op.line_nr,
                                             e->e.e_op.column))
-                    op->op (invocation->env, e->e.e_op.args_nr, args);
+                    op->op(invocation->env, e->e.e_op.args_nr, args);
 
                 for (i = 0; i < e->e.e_op.args_nr; i++)
-                    magic_clear_var (&args[i]);
+                    magic_clear_var(&args[i]);
 
                 REFRESH_INVOCATION; // Effect may have killed the caster
                 break;
             }
 
-            case EFFECT_CALL:
-                next = run_call (invocation, next);
+            case EFFECT::CALL:
+                next = run_call(invocation, next);
                 break;
 
             default:
-                fprintf (stderr,
+                FPRINTF(stderr,
                          "[magic] INTERNAL ERROR: Unknown effect %d\n",
                          e->ty);
         }
 
         if (!next)
-            next = return_to_stack (invocation);
+            next = return_to_stack(invocation);
 
         invocation->current_effect = next;
     }
 
     if (allow_delete)
-        try_to_finish_invocation (invocation);
-    return 0;
+        try_to_finish_invocation(invocation);
+    return interval_t::zero();
 #undef REFRESH_INVOCATION
 }
 
 static
-void spell_execute_d (invocation_t * invocation, int allow_deletion)
+void spell_execute_d(invocation_t *invocation, int allow_deletion)
 {
-    int  delta;
-
-    spell_update_location (invocation);
-    delta = spell_run (invocation, allow_deletion);
+    spell_update_location(invocation);
+    interval_t delta = spell_run(invocation, allow_deletion);
 
-    if (delta > 0)
+    if (delta > interval_t::zero())
     {
-        if (invocation->timer)
-        {
-            fprintf (stderr,
-                     "[magic] FATAL ERROR: Trying to add multiple timers to the same spell! Already had timer: %d\n",
-                     invocation->timer);
-            /* *((int *)0x0) = 0; */
-        }
-        invocation->timer = add_timer (gettick () + delta,
-                                       &invocation_timer_callback,
-                                       invocation->bl.id, 0);
+        assert (!invocation->timer);
+        invocation->timer = Timer(gettick() + delta,
+                std::bind(invocation_timer_callback, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    invocation->bl.id));
     }
 
-    /* If 0, the script cleaned itself.  If -1 (wait-for-script), we must wait for the user. */
+    /* If 0, the script cleaned itself.  If -1(wait-for-script), we must wait for the user. */
 }
 
-void spell_execute (invocation_t * invocation)
+void spell_execute(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
-    spell_execute_d (invocation, 1);
+    spell_execute_d(invocation, 1);
 }
 
-void spell_execute_script (invocation_t * invocation)
+void spell_execute_script(invocation_t *invocation)
 {
     if (invocation->script_pos)
-        spell_execute_d (invocation, 1);
+        spell_execute_d(invocation, 1);
     /* Otherwise the script-within-the-spell has been terminated by some other means.
      * In practice this happens when the script doesn't wait for user input: the client
      * may still notify the server that it's done.  Without the above check, we'd be
      * running the same spell twice! */
 }
 
-int spell_attack (int caster_id, int target_id)
+int spell_attack(int caster_id, int target_id)
 {
-    character_t *caster = (character_t *) map_id2bl (caster_id);
+    character_t *caster = (character_t *) map_id2bl(caster_id);
     invocation_t *invocation;
-    int  stop_attack = 0;
+    int stop_attack = 0;
 
     if (!caster)
         return 0;
 
-    invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (caster->attack_spell_override);
+    invocation = (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(caster->attack_spell_override);
 
-    if (invocation && invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG_STOPATTACK)
+    if (invocation && bool(invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG::STOPATTACK))
         stop_attack = 1;
 
     if (invocation && caster->attack_spell_charges > 0)
     {
-        magic_clear_var (&invocation->env->vars[VAR_TARGET]);
-        invocation->env->vars[VAR_TARGET].ty = TY_ENTITY;
+        magic_clear_var(&invocation->env->vars[VAR_TARGET]);
+        invocation->env->vars[VAR_TARGET].ty = TYPE::ENTITY;
         invocation->env->vars[VAR_TARGET].v.v_int = target_id;
 
         invocation->current_effect = invocation->trigger_effect;
-        invocation->flags &= ~INVOCATION_FLAG_ABORTED;
-        spell_execute_d (invocation,
+        invocation->flags &= ~INVOCATION_FLAG::ABORTED;
+        spell_execute_d(invocation,
                          0 /* don't delete the invocation if done */ );
 
         // If the caster died, we need to refresh here:
         invocation =
-            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl (caster->attack_spell_override);
+            (invocation_t *) map_id2bl(caster->attack_spell_override);
 
-        if (invocation && !(invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG_ABORTED))   // If we didn't abort:
+        if (invocation && !bool(invocation->flags & INVOCATION_FLAG::ABORTED))   // If we didn't abort:
             caster->attack_spell_charges--;
     }
 
@@ -1578,14 +1643,14 @@ int spell_attack (int caster_id, int target_id)
     else if (!invocation || caster->attack_spell_charges <= 0)
     {
         caster->attack_spell_override = 0;
-        char_set_weapon_icon (caster, 0, 0, 0);
-        char_set_attack_info (caster, 0, 0);
+        char_set_weapon_icon(caster, 0, StatusChange::ZERO, 0);
+        char_set_attack_info(caster, interval_t::zero(), 0);
 
         if (stop_attack)
-            pc_stopattack (caster);
+            pc_stopattack(caster);
 
         if (invocation)
-            spell_free_invocation (invocation);
+            spell_free_invocation(invocation);
     }
 
     return 1;
diff --git a/src/map/magic.cpp b/src/map/magic.cpp
index 4311f09..1377979 100644
--- a/src/map/magic.cpp
+++ b/src/map/magic.cpp
@@ -1,41 +1,43 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 
 #include "magic-interpreter.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 #undef DEBUG
 
-static char *magic_preprocess_message (character_t * character, char *start,
+static
+char *magic_preprocess_message(character_t *character, char *start,
                                        char *end)
 {
     if (character->state.shroud_active
         && character->state.shroud_disappears_on_talk)
-        magic_unshroud (character);
+        magic_unshroud(character);
 
     if (character->state.shroud_active
         && character->state.shroud_hides_name_talking)
     {
-        int  len = strlen (end);
-        strcpy (start, "? ");
-        memmove (start + 2, end, len + 1);
+        int len = strlen(end);
+        strcpy(start, "? ");
+        memmove(start + 2, end, len + 1);
         return start + 4;
     }
     else
         return end + 2;         /* step past blank */
 }
 
-#define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ')
-
 /* Returns a dynamically allocated copy of `src'.
  * `*parameter' may point within that copy or be NULL. */
-static char *magic_tokenise (char *src, char **parameter)
+static
+char *magic_tokenise(char *src, char **parameter)
 {
-    char *retval = strdup (src);
+    char *retval = strdup(src);
     char *seeker = retval;
 
-    while (*seeker && !ISBLANK (*seeker))
+    while (*seeker && *seeker != ' ')
         ++seeker;
 
     if (!*seeker)
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ static char *magic_tokenise (char *src, char **parameter)
         *seeker = 0;            /* Terminate invocation */
         ++seeker;
 
-        while (ISBLANK (*seeker))
+        while (*seeker == ' ')
             ++seeker;
 
         *parameter = seeker;
@@ -54,15 +56,15 @@ static char *magic_tokenise (char *src, char **parameter)
     return retval;
 }
 
-int magic_message (character_t * caster, char *spell_, size_t spell_len)
+int magic_message(character_t *caster, char *spell_, size_t)
 {
-    if (pc_isdead (caster))
+    if (pc_isdead(caster))
         return 0;
 
-    int  power = caster->matk1;
+    int power = caster->matk1;
     char *invocation_base = spell_ + 8;
     char *source_invocation =
-        1 + invocation_base + strlen (caster->status.name);
+        1 + invocation_base + strlen(caster->status.name);
     spell_t *spell;
     char *parameter;
     char *spell_invocation;
@@ -72,57 +74,57 @@ int magic_message (character_t * caster, char *spell_, size_t spell_len)
 
     /* Pre-message filter in case some spell alters output */
     source_invocation =
-        magic_preprocess_message (caster, invocation_base, source_invocation);
+        magic_preprocess_message(caster, invocation_base, source_invocation);
 
-    spell_invocation = magic_tokenise (source_invocation, &parameter);
-    parameter = parameter ? strdup (parameter) : strdup ("");
+    spell_invocation = magic_tokenise(source_invocation, &parameter);
+    parameter = parameter ? strdup(parameter) : strdup("");
 
-    spell = magic_find_spell (spell_invocation);
-    free (spell_invocation);
+    spell = magic_find_spell(spell_invocation);
+    free(spell_invocation);
 
     if (spell)
     {
-        int  near_miss;
+        int near_miss;
         env_t *env =
-            spell_create_env (&magic_conf, spell, caster, power, parameter);
+            spell_create_env(&magic_conf, spell, caster, power, parameter);
         effect_set_t *effects;
 
-        if ((spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG_NONMAGIC) || (power >= 1))
-            effects = spell_trigger (spell, caster, env, &near_miss);
+        if (bool(spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG::NONMAGIC) || (power >= 1))
+            effects = spell_trigger(spell, caster, env, &near_miss);
         else
             effects = NULL;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG
-        fprintf (stderr, "Found spell `%s', triggered = %d\n", spell_,
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "Found spell `%s', triggered = %d\n", spell_,
                  effects != NULL);
 #endif
-        if (caster->status.option & OPTION_HIDE)
+        if (bool(caster->status.option & Option::HIDE))
             return 0;           // No spellcasting while hidden
 
-        MAP_LOG_PC (caster, "CAST %s %s",
+        MAP_LOG_PC(caster, "CAST %s %s",
                     spell->name, effects ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILURE");
 
         if (effects)
         {
-            invocation_t *invocation = spell_instantiate (effects, env);
+            invocation_t *invocation = spell_instantiate(effects, env);
 
-            spell_bind (caster, invocation);
-            spell_execute (invocation);
+            spell_bind(caster, invocation);
+            spell_execute(invocation);
 
-            return (spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG_SILENT) ? -1 : 1;
+            return bool(spell->flags & SPELL_FLAG::SILENT) ? -1 : 1;
         }
         else
-            magic_free_env (env);
+            magic_free_env(env);
 
         return 1;
     }
     else
-        free (parameter);
+        free(parameter);
 
     return 0;                   /* Not a spell */
 }
 
-void do_init_magic (void)
+void do_init_magic(void)
 {
-    magic_init (MAGIC_CONFIG_FILE);
+    magic_init(MAGIC_CONFIG_FILE);
 }
diff --git a/src/map/magic.hpp b/src/map/magic.hpp
index 168a05f..4b567ea 100644
--- a/src/map/magic.hpp
+++ b/src/map/magic.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef MAGIC_HPP
 #define MAGIC_HPP
 
-#include "clif.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
 
 #define MAGIC_CONFIG_FILE "conf/magic.conf"
 
@@ -22,69 +21,68 @@ struct invocation;              /* Spell invocation */
  * \return 1 or -1 if the input message was magic and was handled by this function, 0 otherwise.  -1 is returned when the
  *         message should not be repeated.
  */
-int  magic_message (character_t * caster, char *spell, size_t spell_len);
+int magic_message(character_t *caster, char *spell, size_t spell_len);
 
 /**
  * Removes the shroud from a character
  *
  * \param character The character to remove the shroud from
  */
-void magic_unshroud (character_t * character);
+void magic_unshroud(character_t *character);
 
 /**
  * Notifies a running spell that a status_change timer triggered by the spell has expired
  *
  * \param invocation The invocation to notify
  * \param bl_id ID of the PC for whom this happened
- * \param type sc_id ID of the status change entry that finished
+ * \param sc_id ID of the status change entry that finished
  * \param supplanted Whether the status_change finished normally (0) or was supplanted by a new status_change (1)
  */
-void
-spell_effect_report_termination (int invocation, int bl_id, int sc_id,
-                                 int supplanted);
+void spell_effect_report_termination(int invocation, int bl_id,
+        StatusChange sc_id, int supplanted);
 
 /**
  * Initialise all spells, read config data
  */
-void do_init_magic (void);
+void do_init_magic(void);
 
 /**
  * Identifies the invocation used to trigger a spell
  *
  * Returns NULL if not found
  */
-const char *magic_find_invocation (const char *spellame);
+const char *magic_find_invocation(const char *spellame);
 
 /**
  * Identifies the invocation used to denote a teleport location
  *
  * Returns NULL if not found
  */
-const char *magic_find_anchor_invocation (const char *teleport_location);
+const char *magic_find_anchor_invocation(const char *teleport_location);
 
 /**
  * Execute a spell invocation and sets up timers to finish
  */
-void spell_execute (struct invocation *invocation);
+void spell_execute(struct invocation *invocation);
 
 /**
  * Continue an NPC script embedded in a spell
  */
-void spell_execute_script (struct invocation *invocation);
+void spell_execute_script(struct invocation *invocation);
 
 /**
  * Stops all magic bound to the specified character
  *
  */
-void magic_stop_completely (character_t * c);
+void magic_stop_completely(character_t *c);
 
 /**
  * Attacks with a magical spell charged to the character
  *
  * Returns 0 if there is no charged spell or the spell is depleted.
  */
-int  spell_attack (int caster, int target);
+int spell_attack(int caster, int target);
 
-void spell_free_invocation (struct invocation *invocation);
+void spell_free_invocation(struct invocation *invocation);
 
-#endif /* !defined(MAGIC_H_) */
+#endif // MAGIC_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/map.cpp b/src/map/map.cpp
index af49ad4..a3f600a 100644
--- a/src/map/map.cpp
+++ b/src/map/map.cpp
@@ -1,89 +1,103 @@
-// $Id: map.c,v 1.6 2004/09/25 17:37:01 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#ifdef LCCWIN32
-#include <winsock.h>
-#else
+#include "map.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
 #include <netdb.h>
-#endif
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <fstream>
 
 #include "../common/core.hpp"
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/grfio.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/random2.hpp"
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+
+#include "atcommand.hpp"
+#include "battle.hpp"
+#include "chat.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
+#include "grfio.hpp"
+#include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "magic.hpp"
+#include "mob.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
+#include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
-#include "chat.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include "storage.hpp"
+#include "script.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
+#include "storage.hpp"
 #include "trade.hpp"
-#include "party.hpp"
-#include "battle.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
-#include "atcommand.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "magic.hpp"
-
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-// 極力 static�ローカル���る
-static struct dbt *id_db = NULL;
-static struct dbt *map_db = NULL;
-static struct dbt *nick_db = NULL;
-static struct dbt *charid_db = NULL;
-
-static int users = 0;
-static struct block_list *object[MAX_FLOORITEM];
-static int first_free_object_id = 0, last_object_id = 0;
-
-#define block_free_max 1048576
-static void *block_free[block_free_max];
-static int block_free_count = 0, block_free_lock = 0;
 
-#define BL_LIST_MAX 1048576
-static struct block_list *bl_list[BL_LIST_MAX];
-static int bl_list_count = 0;
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-struct map_data map[MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER];
-int  map_num = 0;
+DMap<int, struct block_list *> id_db;
 
-int  map_port = 0;
+static
+DMap<std::string, struct map_data *> map_db;
 
-int  autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
-int  save_settings = 0xFFFF;
-int  agit_flag = 0;
-int  night_flag = 0;            // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
+static
+DMap<std::string, struct map_session_data *> nick_db;
 
 struct charid2nick
 {
     char nick[24];
-    int  req_id;
+    int req_id;
 };
 
+static
+Map<int, struct charid2nick> charid_db;
+
+static
+int users = 0;
+static
+struct block_list *object[MAX_FLOORITEM];
+static
+int first_free_object_id = 0, last_object_id = 0;
+
+constexpr int block_free_max = 1048576;
+static
+void *block_free[block_free_max];
+static
+int block_free_count = 0, block_free_lock = 0;
+
+constexpr int BL_LIST_MAX = 1048576;
+static
+struct block_list *bl_list[BL_LIST_MAX];
+static
+int bl_list_count = 0;
+
+struct map_data map[MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER];
+int map_num = 0;
+
+static
+int map_port = 0;
+
+interval_t autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
+int save_settings = 0xFFFF;
+
 char motd_txt[256] = "conf/motd.txt";
 char help_txt[256] = "conf/help.txt";
 
 char wisp_server_name[24] = "Server";   // can be modified in char-server configuration file
 
+static
+int map_delmap(const char *mapname);
+
 /*==========================================
  * 全map鯖�計��接続数設定
  * (char鯖�ら�られ��る)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_setusers (int n)
+void map_setusers(int n)
 {
     users = n;
 }
@@ -92,7 +106,7 @@ void map_setusers (int n)
  * 全map鯖�計��接続数�得 (/w��応答用)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_getusers (void)
+int map_getusers(void)
 {
     return users;
 }
@@ -106,11 +120,11 @@ int map_getusers (void)
  * ロック�れ��る����ッファ���る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_freeblock (void *bl)
+int map_freeblock(void *bl)
 {
     if (block_free_lock == 0)
     {
-        free (bl);
+        free(bl);
         bl = NULL;
     }
     else
@@ -118,8 +132,7 @@ int map_freeblock (void *bl)
         if (block_free_count >= block_free_max)
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf
-                    ("map_freeblock: *WARNING* too many free block! %d %d\n",
+                PRINTF("map_freeblock: *WARNING* too many free block! %d %d\n",
                      block_free_count, block_free_lock);
         }
         else
@@ -132,7 +145,7 @@ int map_freeblock (void *bl)
  * block�freeを一時的��止�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_freeblock_lock (void)
+int map_freeblock_lock(void)
 {
     return ++block_free_lock;
 }
@@ -143,18 +156,18 @@ int map_freeblock_lock (void)
  * �ッファ�������blockを全部削除
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_freeblock_unlock (void)
+int map_freeblock_unlock(void)
 {
     if ((--block_free_lock) == 0)
     {
-        int  i;
+        int i;
 //      if(block_free_count>0) {
 //          if(battle_config.error_log)
-//              printf("map_freeblock_unlock: free %d object\n",block_free_count);
+//              PRINTF("map_freeblock_unlock: free %d object\n",block_free_count);
 //      }
         for (i = 0; i < block_free_count; i++)
         {
-            free (block_free[i]);
+            free(block_free[i]);
             block_free[i] = NULL;
         }
         block_free_count = 0;
@@ -162,20 +175,16 @@ int map_freeblock_unlock (void)
     else if (block_free_lock < 0)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map_freeblock_unlock: lock count < 0 !\n");
+            PRINTF("map_freeblock_unlock: lock count < 0 !\n");
     }
     return block_free_lock;
 }
 
-//
-// block化処�
-//
-/*==========================================
- * map[]�block_list�ら繋����る場��
- * bl->prev�bl_head�アドレスを入れ���
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static struct block_list bl_head;
+/// This is a dummy entry that is shared by all the linked lists,
+/// so that any entry can unlink itself without worrying about
+/// whether it was the the head of the list.
+static
+struct block_list bl_head;
 
 /*==========================================
  * map[]�block_list�追加
@@ -184,16 +193,16 @@ static struct block_list bl_head;
  * 既�link済���確��無�。�険�も
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_addblock (struct block_list *bl)
+int map_addblock(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  m, x, y;
+    int m, x, y;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
     if (bl->prev != NULL)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map_addblock error : bl->prev!=NULL\n");
+            PRINTF("map_addblock error : bl->prev!=NULL\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -204,7 +213,7 @@ int map_addblock (struct block_list *bl)
         x < 0 || x >= map[m].xs || y < 0 || y >= map[m].ys)
         return 1;
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         bl->next =
             map[m].block_mob[x / BLOCK_SIZE + (y / BLOCK_SIZE) * map[m].bxs];
@@ -224,7 +233,7 @@ int map_addblock (struct block_list *bl)
             bl->next->prev = bl;
         map[m].block[x / BLOCK_SIZE + (y / BLOCK_SIZE) * map[m].bxs] = bl;
         map[m].block_count[x / BLOCK_SIZE + (y / BLOCK_SIZE) * map[m].bxs]++;
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+        if (bl->type == BL::PC)
             map[m].users++;
     }
 
@@ -236,10 +245,10 @@ int map_addblock (struct block_list *bl)
  * prev�NULL�場�list�繋�����
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_delblock (struct block_list *bl)
+int map_delblock(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  b;
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    int b;
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
     // 既�blocklist�ら抜���る
     if (bl->prev == NULL)
@@ -248,14 +257,14 @@ int map_delblock (struct block_list *bl)
         {
             // prev�NULL�next�NULL�����有����ら��
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("map_delblock error : bl->next!=NULL\n");
+                PRINTF("map_delblock error : bl->next!=NULL\n");
         }
         return 0;
     }
 
     b = bl->x / BLOCK_SIZE + (bl->y / BLOCK_SIZE) * map[bl->m].bxs;
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         map[bl->m].users--;
 
     if (bl->next)
@@ -263,7 +272,7 @@ int map_delblock (struct block_list *bl)
     if (bl->prev == &bl_head)
     {
         // リスト�頭����map[]�block_listを更新�る
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+        if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         {
             map[bl->m].block_mob[b] = bl->next;
             if ((map[bl->m].block_mob_count[b]--) < 0)
@@ -287,47 +296,15 @@ int map_delblock (struct block_list *bl)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * 周囲�PC人数を数�る (�在未使用)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int map_countnearpc (int m, int x, int y)
-{
-    int  bx, by, c = 0;
-    struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-
-    if (map[m].users == 0)
-        return 0;
-    for (by = y / BLOCK_SIZE - AREA_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE - 1;
-         by <= y / BLOCK_SIZE + AREA_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE + 1; by++)
-    {
-        if (by < 0 || by >= map[m].bys)
-            continue;
-        for (bx = x / BLOCK_SIZE - AREA_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE - 1;
-             bx <= x / BLOCK_SIZE + AREA_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE + 1; bx++)
-        {
-            if (bx < 0 || bx >= map[m].bxs)
-                continue;
-            bl = map[m].block[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
-            for (; bl; bl = bl->next)
-            {
-                if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-                    c++;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return c;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * セル上�PC�MOB�数を数�る (グランドクロス用)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_count_oncell (int m, int x, int y)
+int map_count_oncell(int m, int x, int y)
 {
-    int  bx, by;
+    int bx, by;
     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-    int  i, c;
-    int  count = 0;
+    int i, c;
+    int count = 0;
 
     if (x < 0 || y < 0 || (x >= map[m].xs) || (y >= map[m].ys))
         return 1;
@@ -338,7 +315,7 @@ int map_count_oncell (int m, int x, int y)
     c = map[m].block_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
     for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
     {
-        if (bl->x == x && bl->y == y && bl->type == BL_PC)
+        if (bl->x == x && bl->y == y && bl->type == BL::PC)
             count++;
     }
     bl = map[m].block_mob[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
@@ -359,17 +336,17 @@ int map_count_oncell (int m, int x, int y)
  * type!=0 �ら��種類��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_foreachinarea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
-                        int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int type, ...)
+void map_foreachinarea(std::function<void(struct block_list *)> func,
+        int m,
+        int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1,
+        BL type)
 {
-    int  bx, by;
+    int bx, by;
     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-    va_list ap = NULL;
-    int  blockcount = bl_list_count, i, c;
+    int blockcount = bl_list_count, i, c;
 
     if (m < 0)
         return;
-    va_start (ap, type);
     if (x0 < 0)
         x0 = 0;
     if (y0 < 0)
@@ -378,7 +355,7 @@ void map_foreachinarea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
         x1 = map[m].xs - 1;
     if (y1 >= map[m].ys)
         y1 = map[m].ys - 1;
-    if (type == 0 || type != BL_MOB)
+    if (type == BL::NUL || type != BL::MOB)
         for (by = y0 / BLOCK_SIZE; by <= y1 / BLOCK_SIZE; by++)
         {
             for (bx = x0 / BLOCK_SIZE; bx <= x1 / BLOCK_SIZE; bx++)
@@ -387,7 +364,7 @@ void map_foreachinarea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
                 c = map[m].block_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
                 for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
                 {
-                    if (bl && type && bl->type != type)
+                    if (bl && type != BL::NUL && bl->type != type)
                         continue;
                     if (bl && bl->x >= x0 && bl->x <= x1 && bl->y >= y0
                         && bl->y <= y1 && bl_list_count < BL_LIST_MAX)
@@ -395,7 +372,7 @@ void map_foreachinarea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
                 }
             }
         }
-    if (type == 0 || type == BL_MOB)
+    if (type == BL::NUL || type == BL::MOB)
         for (by = y0 / BLOCK_SIZE; by <= y1 / BLOCK_SIZE; by++)
         {
             for (bx = x0 / BLOCK_SIZE; bx <= x1 / BLOCK_SIZE; bx++)
@@ -414,18 +391,17 @@ void map_foreachinarea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
     if (bl_list_count >= BL_LIST_MAX)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map_foreachinarea: *WARNING* block count too many!\n");
+            PRINTF("map_foreachinarea: *WARNING* block count too many!\n");
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
+    map_freeblock_lock();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
 
     for (i = blockcount; i < bl_list_count; i++)
         if (bl_list[i]->prev)   // 有効�����ェック
-            func (bl_list[i], ap);
+            func(bl_list[i]);
 
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();    // 解放を許��る
+    map_freeblock_unlock();    // 解放を許��る
 
-    va_end (ap);
     bl_list_count = blockcount;
 }
 
@@ -437,16 +413,16 @@ void map_foreachinarea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
  * dx,dy�-1,0,1����る（�ん�値�も�����？）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
-                            int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int dx, int dy,
-                            int type, ...)
+void map_foreachinmovearea(std::function<void(struct block_list *)> func,
+        int m,
+        int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1,
+        int dx, int dy,
+        BL type)
 {
-    int  bx, by;
+    int bx, by;
     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-    va_list ap = NULL;
-    int  blockcount = bl_list_count, i, c;
+    int blockcount = bl_list_count, i, c;
 
-    va_start (ap, type);
     if (dx == 0 || dy == 0)
     {
         // 矩形領域�場�
@@ -488,7 +464,7 @@ void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
                 c = map[m].block_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
                 for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
                 {
-                    if (bl && type && bl->type != type)
+                    if (bl && type != BL::NUL && bl->type != type)
                         continue;
                     if (bl && bl->x >= x0 && bl->x <= x1 && bl->y >= y0
                         && bl->y <= y1 && bl_list_count < BL_LIST_MAX)
@@ -498,7 +474,7 @@ void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
                 c = map[m].block_mob_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
                 for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
                 {
-                    if (bl && type && bl->type != type)
+                    if (bl && type != BL::NUL && bl->type != type)
                         continue;
                     if (bl && bl->x >= x0 && bl->x <= x1 && bl->y >= y0
                         && bl->y <= y1 && bl_list_count < BL_LIST_MAX)
@@ -527,7 +503,7 @@ void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
                 c = map[m].block_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
                 for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
                 {
-                    if (bl && type && bl->type != type)
+                    if (bl && type != BL::NUL && bl->type != type)
                         continue;
                     if ((bl)
                         && !(bl->x >= x0 && bl->x <= x1 && bl->y >= y0
@@ -546,7 +522,7 @@ void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
                 c = map[m].block_mob_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
                 for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
                 {
-                    if (bl && type && bl->type != type)
+                    if (bl && type != BL::NUL && bl->type != type)
                         continue;
                     if ((bl)
                         && !(bl->x >= x0 && bl->x <= x1 && bl->y >= y0
@@ -569,18 +545,17 @@ void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
     if (bl_list_count >= BL_LIST_MAX)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map_foreachinarea: *WARNING* block count too many!\n");
+            PRINTF("map_foreachinarea: *WARNING* block count too many!\n");
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
+    map_freeblock_lock();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
 
     for (i = blockcount; i < bl_list_count; i++)
         if (bl_list[i]->prev)   // 有効�����ェック
-            func (bl_list[i], ap);
+            func(bl_list[i]);
 
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();    // 解放を許��る
+    map_freeblock_unlock();    // 解放を許��る
 
-    va_end (ap);
     bl_list_count = blockcount;
 }
 
@@ -588,33 +563,32 @@ void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
 //           which only checks the exact single x/y passed to it rather than an
 //           area radius - may be more useful in some instances)
 //
-void map_foreachincell (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
-                        int x, int y, int type, ...)
+void map_foreachincell(std::function<void(struct block_list *)> func,
+        int m,
+        int x, int y,
+        BL type)
 {
-    int  bx, by;
+    int bx, by;
     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-    va_list ap = NULL;
-    int  blockcount = bl_list_count, i, c;
-
-    va_start (ap, type);
+    int blockcount = bl_list_count, i, c;
 
     by = y / BLOCK_SIZE;
     bx = x / BLOCK_SIZE;
 
-    if (type == 0 || type != BL_MOB)
+    if (type == BL::NUL || type != BL::MOB)
     {
         bl = map[m].block[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
         c = map[m].block_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
         for (i = 0; i < c && bl; i++, bl = bl->next)
         {
-            if (type && bl && bl->type != type)
+            if (type != BL::NUL && bl && bl->type != type)
                 continue;
             if (bl && bl->x == x && bl->y == y && bl_list_count < BL_LIST_MAX)
                 bl_list[bl_list_count++] = bl;
         }
     }
 
-    if (type == 0 || type == BL_MOB)
+    if (type == BL::NUL || type == BL::MOB)
     {
         bl = map[m].block_mob[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
         c = map[m].block_mob_count[bx + by * map[m].bxs];
@@ -628,18 +602,17 @@ void map_foreachincell (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
     if (bl_list_count >= BL_LIST_MAX)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map_foreachincell: *WARNING* block count too many!\n");
+            PRINTF("map_foreachincell: *WARNING* block count too many!\n");
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
+    map_freeblock_lock();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
 
     for (i = blockcount; i < bl_list_count; i++)
         if (bl_list[i]->prev)   // 有効�����ェック
-            func (bl_list[i], ap);
+            func(bl_list[i]);
 
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();    // 解放を許��る
+    map_freeblock_unlock();    // 解放を許��る
 
-    va_end (ap);
     bl_list_count = blockcount;
 }
 
@@ -650,12 +623,12 @@ void map_foreachincell (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int m,
  * bl->idも��中�設定���題無�?
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_addobject (struct block_list *bl)
+int map_addobject(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     if (bl == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("map_addobject nullpo?\n");
+        PRINTF("map_addobject nullpo?\n");
         return 0;
     }
     if (first_free_object_id < 2 || first_free_object_id >= MAX_FLOORITEM)
@@ -666,36 +639,37 @@ int map_addobject (struct block_list *bl)
     if (i >= MAX_FLOORITEM)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("no free object id\n");
+            PRINTF("no free object id\n");
         return 0;
     }
     first_free_object_id = i;
     if (last_object_id < i)
         last_object_id = i;
     object[i] = bl;
-    numdb_insert (id_db, i, bl);
+    id_db.put(i, bl);
     return i;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 一時object�解放
- *	map_delobject�free����ージョン
+ *      map_delobject�free����ージョン
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_delobjectnofree (int id, int type)
+int map_delobjectnofree(int id, BL type)
 {
     if (object[id] == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     if (object[id]->type != type)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "Incorrect type: expected %d, got %d\n", type,
-                 object[id]->type);
-        *((char *) 0) = 0;      // break for backtrace
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "Incorrect type: expected %d, got %d\n",
+                type,
+                object[id]->type);
+        abort();
     }
 
-    map_delblock (object[id]);
-    numdb_erase (id_db, id);
+    map_delblock(object[id]);
+    id_db.put(id, nullptr);
 //  map_freeblock(object[id]);
     object[id] = NULL;
 
@@ -716,18 +690,18 @@ int map_delobjectnofree (int id, int type)
  * add��対称性�無���気��る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_delobject (int id, int type)
+int map_delobject(int id, BL type)
 {
     struct block_list *obj = object[id];
 
     if (obj == NULL)
         return 0;
 
-    map_delobjectnofree (id, type);
-    if (obj->type == BL_PC)     // [Fate] Not sure where else to put this... I'm not sure where delobject for PCs is called from
-        pc_cleanup ((struct map_session_data *) obj);
+    map_delobjectnofree(id, type);
+    if (obj->type == BL::PC)     // [Fate] Not sure where else to put this... I'm not sure where delobject for PCs is called from
+        pc_cleanup((struct map_session_data *) obj);
 
-    map_freeblock (obj);
+    map_freeblock(obj);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -737,40 +711,36 @@ int map_delobject (int id, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_foreachobject (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int type,
-                        ...)
+void map_foreachobject(std::function<void(struct block_list *)> func,
+        BL type)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  blockcount = bl_list_count;
-    va_list ap = NULL;
-
-    va_start (ap, type);
+    int i;
+    int blockcount = bl_list_count;
 
     for (i = 2; i <= last_object_id; i++)
     {
         if (object[i])
         {
-            if (type && object[i]->type != type)
+            if (type != BL::NUL && object[i]->type != type)
                 continue;
             if (bl_list_count >= BL_LIST_MAX)
             {
                 if (battle_config.error_log)
-                    printf ("map_foreachobject: too many block !\n");
+                    PRINTF("map_foreachobject: too many block !\n");
             }
             else
                 bl_list[bl_list_count++] = object[i];
         }
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
+    map_freeblock_lock();
 
     for (i = blockcount; i < bl_list_count; i++)
         if (bl_list[i]->prev || bl_list[i]->next)
-            func (bl_list[i], ap);
+            func(bl_list[i]);
 
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
+    map_freeblock_unlock();
 
-    va_end (ap);
     bl_list_count = blockcount;
 }
 
@@ -784,73 +754,41 @@ void map_foreachobject (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list), int type,
  * map.h内�#define���る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_clearflooritem_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void map_clearflooritem_timer(TimerData *tid, tick_t, int id)
 {
     struct flooritem_data *fitem = NULL;
 
     fitem = (struct flooritem_data *) object[id];
-    if (fitem == NULL || fitem->bl.type != BL_ITEM
-        || (!data && fitem->cleartimer != tid))
+    if (fitem == NULL || fitem->bl.type != BL::ITEM)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("map_clearflooritem_timer : error\n");
+            PRINTF("map_clearflooritem_timer : error\n");
         return;
     }
-    if (data)
-        delete_timer (fitem->cleartimer, map_clearflooritem_timer);
-    clif_clearflooritem (fitem, 0);
-    map_delobject (fitem->bl.id, BL_ITEM);
+    if (!tid)
+        fitem->cleartimer.cancel();
+    clif_clearflooritem(fitem, 0);
+    map_delobject(fitem->bl.id, BL::ITEM);
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * (m,x,y)�周囲rangeマス内�空�(=侵入�能)cell�
- * 内�ら�当�マス目�座標をx+(y<<16)�返�
- *
- * �状range=1�アイテムドロップ用途��
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int map_searchrandfreecell (int m, int x, int y, int range)
+std::pair<uint16_t, uint16_t> map_randfreecell(int m, uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint16_t w, uint16_t h)
 {
-    int  free_cell, i, j, c;
-
-    for (free_cell = 0, i = -range; i <= range; i++)
-    {
-        if (i + y < 0 || i + y >= map[m].ys)
-            continue;
-        for (j = -range; j <= range; j++)
-        {
-            if (j + x < 0 || j + x >= map[m].xs)
-                continue;
-            if ((c = read_gat (m, j + x, i + y)) == 1 || c == 5)
-                continue;
-            free_cell++;
-        }
-    }
-    if (free_cell == 0)
-        return -1;
-    free_cell = MRAND (free_cell);
-    for (i = -range; i <= range; i++)
+    for (int itr : random_::iterator(w * h))
     {
-        if (i + y < 0 || i + y >= map[m].ys)
-            continue;
-        for (j = -range; j <= range; j++)
-        {
-            if (j + x < 0 || j + x >= map[m].xs)
-                continue;
-            if ((c = read_gat (m, j + x, i + y)) == 1 || c == 5)
-                continue;
-            if (free_cell == 0)
-            {
-                x += j;
-                y += i;
-                i = range + 1;
-                break;
-            }
-            free_cell--;
-        }
+        int dx = itr % w;
+        int dy = itr / w;
+        if (!bool(read_gat(m, x + dx, y + dy) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
+            return {static_cast<uint16_t>(x + dx), static_cast<uint16_t>(y + dy)};
     }
+    return {static_cast<uint16_t>(0), static_cast<uint16_t>(0)};
+}
 
-    return x + (y << 16);
+/// Return a randomly selected passable cell within a given range.
+static
+std::pair<uint16_t, uint16_t> map_searchrandfreecell(int m, int x, int y, int range)
+{
+    int whole_range = 2 * range + 1;
+    return map_randfreecell(m, x - range, y - range, whole_range, whole_range);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -859,41 +797,39 @@ int map_searchrandfreecell (int m, int x, int y, int range)
  * item_data�amount以外をcopy�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_addflooritem_any (struct item *item_data, int amount, int m, int x,
-                          int y, struct map_session_data **owners,
-                          int *owner_protection, int lifetime, int dispersal)
+int map_addflooritem_any(struct item *item_data, int amount,
+        int m, int x, int y,
+        struct map_session_data **owners, interval_t *owner_protection,
+        interval_t lifetime, int dispersal)
 {
-    int  xy, r;
-    unsigned int tick;
     struct flooritem_data *fitem = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, item_data);
-
-    if ((xy = map_searchrandfreecell (m, x, y, dispersal)) < 0)
+    nullpo_ret(item_data);
+    auto xy = map_searchrandfreecell(m, x, y, dispersal);
+    if (xy.first == 0 && xy.second == 0)
         return 0;
-    r = mt_random ();
 
-    CREATE (fitem, struct flooritem_data, 1);
-    fitem->bl.type = BL_ITEM;
+    CREATE(fitem, struct flooritem_data, 1);
+    fitem->bl.type = BL::ITEM;
     fitem->bl.prev = fitem->bl.next = NULL;
     fitem->bl.m = m;
-    fitem->bl.x = xy & 0xffff;
-    fitem->bl.y = (xy >> 16) & 0xffff;
+    fitem->bl.x = xy.first;
+    fitem->bl.y = xy.second;
     fitem->first_get_id = 0;
-    fitem->first_get_tick = 0;
+    fitem->first_get_tick = tick_t();
     fitem->second_get_id = 0;
-    fitem->second_get_tick = 0;
+    fitem->second_get_tick = tick_t();
     fitem->third_get_id = 0;
-    fitem->third_get_tick = 0;
+    fitem->third_get_tick = tick_t();
 
-    fitem->bl.id = map_addobject (&fitem->bl);
+    fitem->bl.id = map_addobject(&fitem->bl);
     if (fitem->bl.id == 0)
     {
-        free (fitem);
+        free(fitem);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    tick = gettick ();
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
 
     if (owners[0])
         fitem->first_get_id = owners[0]->bl.id;
@@ -907,189 +843,90 @@ int map_addflooritem_any (struct item *item_data, int amount, int m, int x,
         fitem->third_get_id = owners[2]->bl.id;
     fitem->third_get_tick = tick + owner_protection[2];
 
-    memcpy (&fitem->item_data, item_data, sizeof (*item_data));
+    memcpy(&fitem->item_data, item_data, sizeof(*item_data));
     fitem->item_data.amount = amount;
-    fitem->subx = (r & 3) * 3 + 3;
-    fitem->suby = ((r >> 2) & 3) * 3 + 3;
-    fitem->cleartimer =
-        add_timer (gettick () + lifetime, map_clearflooritem_timer,
-                   fitem->bl.id, 0);
-
-    map_addblock (&fitem->bl);
-    clif_dropflooritem (fitem);
+    // TODO - talk to 4144 about maybe removing this.
+    // It has no effect on the server itself, it is visual only.
+    // If it is desirable to prevent items from visibly stacking
+    // on the ground, that can be done with client-side randomness.
+    // Currently, it yields the numbers {3 6 9 12}.
+    fitem->subx = random_::in(1, 4) * 3;
+    fitem->suby = random_::in(1, 4) * 3;
+    fitem->cleartimer = Timer(gettick() + lifetime,
+            std::bind(map_clearflooritem_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                fitem->bl.id));
+
+    map_addblock(&fitem->bl);
+    clif_dropflooritem(fitem);
 
     return fitem->bl.id;
 }
 
-int map_addflooritem (struct item *item_data, int amount, int m, int x, int y,
-                      struct map_session_data *first_sd,
-                      struct map_session_data *second_sd,
-                      struct map_session_data *third_sd, int type)
+int map_addflooritem(struct item *item_data, int amount,
+        int m, int x, int y,
+        struct map_session_data *first_sd,
+        struct map_session_data *second_sd,
+        struct map_session_data *third_sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *owners[3] = { first_sd, second_sd, third_sd };
-    int  owner_protection[3];
+    interval_t owner_protection[3];
 
-    if (type)
-    {
-        owner_protection[0] = battle_config.mvp_item_first_get_time;
-        owner_protection[1] =
-            owner_protection[0] + battle_config.mvp_item_second_get_time;
-        owner_protection[2] =
-            owner_protection[1] + battle_config.mvp_item_third_get_time;
-    }
-    else
     {
-        owner_protection[0] = battle_config.item_first_get_time;
-        owner_protection[1] =
-            owner_protection[0] + battle_config.item_second_get_time;
-        owner_protection[2] =
-            owner_protection[1] + battle_config.item_third_get_time;
+        owner_protection[0] = static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.item_first_get_time);
+        owner_protection[1] = owner_protection[0] + static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.item_second_get_time);
+        owner_protection[2] = owner_protection[1] + static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.item_third_get_time);
     }
 
-    return map_addflooritem_any (item_data, amount, m, x, y,
-                                 owners, owner_protection,
-                                 battle_config.flooritem_lifetime, 1);
+    return map_addflooritem_any(item_data, amount, m, x, y,
+            owners, owner_protection,
+            static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.flooritem_lifetime), 1);
 }
 
-/* 	int xy,r; */
-/* 	unsigned int tick; */
-/* 	struct flooritem_data *fitem=NULL; */
-
-/* 	nullpo_retr(0, item_data); */
-
-/* 	if((xy=map_searchrandfreecell(m,x,y,1))<0) */
-/* 		return 0; */
-/* 	r=rand(); */
-
-/* 	fitem = (struct flooritem_data *)aCalloc(1,sizeof(*fitem)); */
-/* 	fitem->bl.type=BL_ITEM; */
-/* 	fitem->bl.prev = fitem->bl.next = NULL; */
-/* 	fitem->bl.m=m; */
-/* 	fitem->bl.x=xy&0xffff; */
-/* 	fitem->bl.y=(xy>>16)&0xffff; */
-/* 	fitem->first_get_id = 0; */
-/* 	fitem->first_get_tick = 0; */
-/* 	fitem->second_get_id = 0; */
-/* 	fitem->second_get_tick = 0; */
-/* 	fitem->third_get_id = 0; */
-/* 	fitem->third_get_tick = 0; */
-
-/* 	fitem->bl.id = map_addobject(&fitem->bl); */
-/* 	if(fitem->bl.id==0){ */
-/* 		free(fitem); */
-/* 		return 0; */
-/* 	} */
-
-/* 	tick = gettick(); */
-/* 	if(first_sd) { */
-/* 		fitem->first_get_id = first_sd->bl.id; */
-/* 		if(type) */
-/* 			fitem->first_get_tick = tick + battle_config.mvp_item_first_get_time; */
-/* 		else */
-/* 			fitem->first_get_tick = tick + battle_config.item_first_get_time; */
-/* 	} */
-/* 	if(second_sd) { */
-/* 		fitem->second_get_id = second_sd->bl.id; */
-/* 		if(type) */
-/* 			fitem->second_get_tick = tick + battle_config.mvp_item_first_get_time + battle_config.mvp_item_second_get_time; */
-/* 		else */
-/* 			fitem->second_get_tick = tick + battle_config.item_first_get_time + battle_config.item_second_get_time; */
-/* 	} */
-/* 	if(third_sd) { */
-/* 		fitem->third_get_id = third_sd->bl.id; */
-/* 		if(type) */
-/* 			fitem->third_get_tick = tick + battle_config.mvp_item_first_get_time + battle_config.mvp_item_second_get_time + battle_config.mvp_item_third_get_time; */
-/* 		else */
-/* 			fitem->third_get_tick = tick + battle_config.item_first_get_time + battle_config.item_second_get_time + battle_config.item_third_get_time; */
-/* 	} */
-
-/* 	memcpy(&fitem->item_data,item_data,sizeof(*item_data)); */
-/* 	fitem->item_data.amount=amount; */
-/* 	fitem->subx=(r&3)*3+3; */
-/* 	fitem->suby=((r>>2)&3)*3+3; */
-/* 	fitem->cleartimer=add_timer(gettick()+battle_config.flooritem_lifetime,map_clearflooritem_timer,fitem->bl.id,0); */
-
-/* 	map_addblock(&fitem->bl); */
-/* 	clif_dropflooritem(fitem); */
-
-/* 	return fitem->bl.id; */
-/* } */
-
 /*==========================================
  * charid_db�追加(返信待���れ�返信)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_addchariddb (int charid, const char *name)
+void map_addchariddb(int charid, const char *name)
 {
-    struct charid2nick *p = (struct charid2nick *)numdb_search (charid_db, charid);
+    struct charid2nick *p = charid_db.search(charid);
     if (p == NULL)
-    {                           // データベース���
-        CREATE (p, struct charid2nick, 1);
-        p->req_id = 0;
-    }
-    else
-        numdb_erase (charid_db, charid);
+        p = charid_db.init(charid);
 
-    int req = p->req_id;
-    memcpy (p->nick, name, 24);
+    memcpy(p->nick, name, 24);
     p->req_id = 0;
-    numdb_insert (charid_db, charid, p);
-    if (req)
-    {                           // 返信待���れ�返信
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (req);
-        if (sd != NULL)
-            clif_solved_charname (sd, charid);
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * charid_db�追加（返信�求��）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int map_reqchariddb (struct map_session_data *sd, int charid)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    struct charid2nick *p = (struct charid2nick *)numdb_search (charid_db, charid);
-    if (p != NULL)              // データベース�����る
-        return 0;
-    CREATE (p, struct charid2nick, 1);
-    p->req_id = sd->bl.id;
-    numdb_insert (charid_db, charid, p);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * id_db�blを追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_addiddb (struct block_list *bl)
+void map_addiddb(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    numdb_insert (id_db, bl->id, bl);
+    id_db.put(bl->id, bl);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * id_db�らblを削除
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_deliddb (struct block_list *bl)
+void map_deliddb(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    numdb_erase (id_db, bl->id);
+    id_db.put(bl->id, nullptr);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * nick_db�sdを追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void map_addnickdb (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void map_addnickdb(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    strdb_insert (nick_db, sd->status.name, sd);
+    nick_db.put(sd->status.name, sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1098,79 +935,62 @@ void map_addnickdb (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * quit処��主体���よ��気も����
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_quit (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void map_quit(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (sd->chatID)             // �ャット�ら出る
-        chat_leavechat (sd);
+        chat_leavechat(sd);
 
     if (sd->trade_partner)      // �引を中断�る
-        trade_tradecancel (sd);
+        trade_tradecancel(sd);
 
     if (sd->party_invite > 0)   // パーティ勧誘を拒��る
-        party_reply_invite (sd, sd->party_invite_account, 0);
-
-    if (sd->guild_invite > 0)   // ギルド勧誘を拒��る
-        guild_reply_invite (sd, sd->guild_invite, 0);
-    if (sd->guild_alliance > 0) // ギルド�盟勧誘を拒��る
-        guild_reply_reqalliance (sd, sd->guild_alliance_account, 0);
+        party_reply_invite(sd, sd->party_invite_account, 0);
 
-    party_send_logout (sd);     // パーティ�ログアウトメッセージ�信
+    party_send_logout(sd);     // パーティ�ログアウトメッセージ�信
 
-    guild_send_memberinfoshort (sd, 0); // ギルド�ログアウトメッセージ�信
+    pc_cleareventtimer(sd);    // イベントタイマを破棄�る
 
-    pc_cleareventtimer (sd);    // イベントタイマを破棄�る
+    skill_castcancel(&sd->bl, 0);  // 詠唱を中断�る
+    skill_stop_dancing(&sd->bl, 1);    // ダンス/演�中断
 
-    skill_castcancel (&sd->bl, 0);  // 詠唱を中断�る
-    skill_stop_dancing (&sd->bl, 1);    // ダンス/演�中断
+    skill_status_change_clear(&sd->bl, 1); // ステータス異常を解除�る
+    pc_stop_walking(sd, 0);
+    pc_stopattack(sd);
+    pc_delinvincibletimer(sd);
+    skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 0);
 
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1) //�ーサーク中�終了�HPを100�
-        sd->status.hp = 100;
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 4);
 
-    skill_status_change_clear (&sd->bl, 1); // ステータス異常を解除�る
-    skill_clear_unitgroup (&sd->bl);    // スキルユニットグループ�削除
-    skill_cleartimerskill (&sd->bl);
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-    pc_stopattack (sd);
-    pc_delinvincibletimer (sd);
-    pc_delspiritball (sd, sd->spiritball, 1);
-    skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 0);
+    clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
 
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 4);
-
-    clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 2);
-
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
-        pc_setrestartvalue (sd, 2);
-    pc_makesavestatus (sd);
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
+        pc_setrestartvalue(sd, 2);
+    pc_makesavestatus(sd);
     //クローンスキル�覚��スキル�消�
 
     //The storage closing routines will save the char if needed. [Skotlex]
-    if (!sd->state.storage_flag)
-        chrif_save (sd);
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storage_quit (sd);
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storage_quit (sd, 1);
+    if (!sd->state.storage_open)
+        chrif_save(sd);
+    else if (sd->state.storage_open)
+        storage_storage_quit(sd);
 
     if (sd->npc_stackbuf && sd->npc_stackbuf != NULL)
-        free (sd->npc_stackbuf);
-
-    map_delblock (&sd->bl);
+        free(sd->npc_stackbuf);
 
-    numdb_erase (id_db, sd->bl.id);
-    strdb_erase (nick_db, sd->status.name);
-    numdb_erase (charid_db, sd->status.char_id);
+    map_delblock(&sd->bl);
 
-    return 0;
+    id_db.put(sd->bl.id, nullptr);
+    nick_db.put(sd->status.name, nullptr);
+    charid_db.erase(sd->status.char_id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * id番��PCを探�。居��れ�NULL
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct map_session_data *map_id2sd (int id)
+struct map_session_data *map_id2sd(int id)
 {
 // remove search from db, because:
 // 1 - all players, npc, items and mob are in this db (to search, it's not speed, and search in session is more sure)
@@ -1179,14 +999,14 @@ struct map_session_data *map_id2sd (int id)
 // replaced by searching in all session.
 // by searching in session, we are sure that fd, session, and account exist.
 /*
-	struct block_list *bl;
+        struct block_list *bl;
 
-	bl=numdb_search(id_db,id);
-	if(bl && bl->type==BL_PC)
-		return (struct map_session_data*)bl;
-	return NULL;
+        bl=numdb_search(id_db,id);
+        if (bl && bl->type==BL::PC)
+                return (struct map_session_data*)bl;
+        return NULL;
 */
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
@@ -1200,9 +1020,9 @@ struct map_session_data *map_id2sd (int id)
  * char_id番����を探�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-char *map_charid2nick (int id)
+char *map_charid2nick(int id)
 {
-    struct charid2nick *p = (struct charid2nick *)numdb_search (charid_db, id);
+    struct charid2nick *p = charid_db.search(id);
 
     if (p == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -1214,7 +1034,8 @@ char *map_charid2nick (int id)
 /*========================================*/
 /* [Fate] Operations to iterate over active map sessions */
 
-static struct map_session_data *map_get_session (int i)
+static
+struct map_session_data *map_get_session(int i)
 {
     struct map_session_data *d;
 
@@ -1225,12 +1046,13 @@ static struct map_session_data *map_get_session (int i)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct map_session_data *map_get_session_forward (int start)
+static
+struct map_session_data *map_get_session_forward(int start)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = start; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
-        struct map_session_data *d = map_get_session (i);
+        struct map_session_data *d = map_get_session(i);
         if (d)
             return d;
     }
@@ -1238,12 +1060,13 @@ static struct map_session_data *map_get_session_forward (int start)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct map_session_data *map_get_session_backward (int start)
+static
+struct map_session_data *map_get_session_backward(int start)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = start; i >= 0; i--)
     {
-        struct map_session_data *d = map_get_session (i);
+        struct map_session_data *d = map_get_session(i);
         if (d)
             return d;
     }
@@ -1251,24 +1074,24 @@ static struct map_session_data *map_get_session_backward (int start)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-struct map_session_data *map_get_first_session (void)
+struct map_session_data *map_get_first_session(void)
 {
-    return map_get_session_forward (0);
+    return map_get_session_forward(0);
 }
 
-struct map_session_data *map_get_next_session (struct map_session_data *d)
+struct map_session_data *map_get_next_session(struct map_session_data *d)
 {
-    return map_get_session_forward (d->fd + 1);
+    return map_get_session_forward(d->fd + 1);
 }
 
-struct map_session_data *map_get_last_session (void)
+struct map_session_data *map_get_last_session(void)
 {
-    return map_get_session_backward (fd_max);
+    return map_get_session_backward(fd_max);
 }
 
-struct map_session_data *map_get_prev_session (struct map_session_data *d)
+struct map_session_data *map_get_prev_session(struct map_session_data *d)
 {
-    return map_get_session_backward (d->fd - 1);
+    return map_get_session_backward(d->fd - 1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1277,16 +1100,16 @@ struct map_session_data *map_get_prev_session (struct map_session_data *d)
  * return map_session_data pointer or NULL
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct map_session_data *map_nick2sd (const char *nick)
+struct map_session_data *map_nick2sd(const char *nick)
 {
-    int  i, quantity = 0, nicklen;
+    int i, quantity = 0, nicklen;
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
     if (nick == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    nicklen = strlen (nick);
+    nicklen = strlen(nick);
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
@@ -1294,10 +1117,10 @@ struct map_session_data *map_nick2sd (const char *nick)
             && pl_sd->state.auth)
         {
             // Without case sensitive check (increase the number of similar character names found)
-            if (strncasecmp (pl_sd->status.name, nick, nicklen) == 0)
+            if (strncasecmp(pl_sd->status.name, nick, nicklen) == 0)
             {
                 // Strict comparison (if found, we finish the function immediatly with correct value)
-                if (strcmp (pl_sd->status.name, nick) == 0)
+                if (strcmp(pl_sd->status.name, nick) == 0)
                     return pl_sd;
                 quantity++;
                 sd = pl_sd;
@@ -1318,38 +1141,24 @@ struct map_session_data *map_nick2sd (const char *nick)
  * 一時object�場���列を引���
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct block_list *map_id2bl (int id)
+struct block_list *map_id2bl(int id)
 {
     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-    if (id < sizeof (object) / sizeof (object[0]))
+    if (id < sizeof(object) / sizeof(object[0]))
         bl = object[id];
     else
-        bl = (struct block_list *)numdb_search (id_db, id);
+        bl = id_db.get(id);
 
     return bl;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * id_db内�全��funcを実行
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int map_foreachiddb (db_func_t func, ...)
-{
-    va_list ap = NULL;
-
-    va_start (ap, func);
-    numdb_foreach (id_db, func, ap);
-    va_end (ap);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * map.npc�追加 (warp等�領域����)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_addnpc (int m, struct npc_data *nd)
+int map_addnpc(int m, struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     if (m < 0 || m >= map_num)
         return -1;
     for (i = 0; i < map[m].npc_num && i < MAX_NPC_PER_MAP; i++)
@@ -1358,7 +1167,7 @@ int map_addnpc (int m, struct npc_data *nd)
     if (i == MAX_NPC_PER_MAP)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("too many NPCs in one map %s\n", map[m].name);
+            PRINTF("too many NPCs in one map %s\n", map[m].name);
         return -1;
     }
     if (i == map[m].npc_num)
@@ -1366,19 +1175,19 @@ int map_addnpc (int m, struct npc_data *nd)
         map[m].npc_num++;
     }
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
     map[m].npc[i] = nd;
     nd->n = i;
-    numdb_insert (id_db, nd->bl.id, nd);
+    id_db.put(nd->bl.id, (struct block_list *)nd);
 
     return i;
 }
 
 static
-void map_removenpc (void)
+void map_removenpc(void)
 {
-    int  i, m, n = 0;
+    int i, m, n = 0;
 
     for (m = 0; m < map_num; m++)
     {
@@ -1386,30 +1195,30 @@ void map_removenpc (void)
         {
             if (map[m].npc[i] != NULL)
             {
-                clif_clearchar_area (&map[m].npc[i]->bl, 2);
-                map_delblock (&map[m].npc[i]->bl);
-                numdb_erase (id_db, map[m].npc[i]->bl.id);
-                if (map[m].npc[i]->bl.subtype == SCRIPT)
+                clif_clearchar(&map[m].npc[i]->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
+                map_delblock(&map[m].npc[i]->bl);
+                id_db.put(map[m].npc[i]->bl.id, nullptr);
+                if (map[m].npc[i]->bl.subtype == NpcSubtype::SCRIPT)
                 {
 //                    free(map[m].npc[i]->u.scr.script);
 //                    free(map[m].npc[i]->u.scr.label_list);
                 }
-                free (map[m].npc[i]);
+                free(map[m].npc[i]);
                 map[m].npc[i] = NULL;
                 n++;
             }
         }
     }
-    printf ("%d NPCs removed.\n", n);
+    PRINTF("%d NPCs removed.\n", n);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * map��らmap番��変�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_mapname2mapid (const char *name)
+int map_mapname2mapid(const char *name)
 {
-    struct map_data *md = (struct map_data *)strdb_search (map_db, name);
+    struct map_data *md = map_db.get(name);
     if (md == NULL || md->gat == NULL)
         return -1;
     return md->m;
@@ -1419,9 +1228,9 @@ int map_mapname2mapid (const char *name)
  * 他鯖map��らip,port変�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_mapname2ipport (const char *name, struct in_addr *ip, int *port)
+int map_mapname2ipport(const char *name, struct in_addr *ip, int *port)
 {
-    struct map_data_other_server *mdos = (struct map_data_other_server *)strdb_search (map_db, name);
+    struct map_data_other_server *mdos = (struct map_data_other_server *)map_db.get(name);
     if (mdos == NULL || mdos->gat)
         return -1;
     *ip = mdos->ip;
@@ -1429,100 +1238,73 @@ int map_mapname2ipport (const char *name, struct in_addr *ip, int *port)
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int map_check_dir (int s_dir, int t_dir)
+/// Check compatibility of directions.
+/// Directions are compatible if they are at most 45° apart.
+///
+/// @return false if compatible, true if incompatible.
+bool map_check_dir(const DIR s_dir, const DIR t_dir)
 {
     if (s_dir == t_dir)
-        return 0;
-    switch (s_dir)
-    {
-        case 0:
-            if (t_dir == 7 || t_dir == 1 || t_dir == 0)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 1:
-            if (t_dir == 0 || t_dir == 2 || t_dir == 1)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            if (t_dir == 1 || t_dir == 3 || t_dir == 2)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 3:
-            if (t_dir == 2 || t_dir == 4 || t_dir == 3)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 4:
-            if (t_dir == 3 || t_dir == 5 || t_dir == 4)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 5:
-            if (t_dir == 4 || t_dir == 6 || t_dir == 5)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 6:
-            if (t_dir == 5 || t_dir == 7 || t_dir == 6)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case 7:
-            if (t_dir == 6 || t_dir == 0 || t_dir == 7)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-    }
-    return 1;
+        return false;
+
+    const uint8_t sdir = static_cast<uint8_t>(s_dir);
+    const uint8_t tdir = static_cast<uint8_t>(t_dir);
+    if ((sdir + 1) % 8 == tdir)
+        return false;
+    if (sdir == (tdir + 1) % 8)
+        return false;
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 彼我�方�を計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_calc_dir (struct block_list *src, int x, int y)
+DIR map_calc_dir(struct block_list *src, int x, int y)
 {
-    int  dir = 0;
-    int  dx, dy;
+    DIR dir = DIR::S;
+    int dx, dy;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
+    nullpo_retr(DIR::S, src);
 
     dx = x - src->x;
     dy = y - src->y;
     if (dx == 0 && dy == 0)
-    {                           // 彼我�場所一致
-        dir = 0;                // 上
+    {
+        dir = DIR::S;
     }
     else if (dx >= 0 && dy >= 0)
-    {                           // 方�的��上
-        dir = 7;                // �上
+    {
+        dir = DIR::SE;
         if (dx * 3 - 1 < dy)
-            dir = 0;            // 上
+            dir = DIR::S;
         if (dx > dy * 3)
-            dir = 6;            // �
+            dir = DIR::E;
     }
     else if (dx >= 0 && dy <= 0)
-    {                           // 方�的��下
-        dir = 5;                // �下
+    {
+        dir = DIR::NE;
         if (dx * 3 - 1 < -dy)
-            dir = 4;            // 下
+            dir = DIR::N;
         if (dx > -dy * 3)
-            dir = 6;            // �
+            dir = DIR::E;
     }
     else if (dx <= 0 && dy <= 0)
-    {                           // 方�的�左下
-        dir = 3;                // 左下
+    {
+        dir = DIR::NW;
         if (dx * 3 + 1 > dy)
-            dir = 4;            // 下
+            dir = DIR::N;
         if (dx < dy * 3)
-            dir = 2;            // å·¦
+            dir = DIR::W;
     }
     else
-    {                           // 方�的�左上
-        dir = 1;                // 左上
+    {
+        dir = DIR::SW;
         if (-dx * 3 - 1 < dy)
-            dir = 0;            // 上
+            dir = DIR::S;
         if (-dx > dy * 3)
-            dir = 2;            // å·¦
+            dir = DIR::W;
     }
     return dir;
 }
@@ -1532,10 +1314,10 @@ int map_calc_dir (struct block_list *src, int x, int y)
  * (m,x,y)�状態を調�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_getcell (int m, int x, int y)
+MapCell map_getcell(int m, int x, int y)
 {
     if (x < 0 || x >= map[m].xs - 1 || y < 0 || y >= map[m].ys - 1)
-        return 1;
+        return MapCell::UNWALKABLE;
     return map[m].gat[x + y * map[m].xs];
 }
 
@@ -1543,44 +1325,47 @@ int map_getcell (int m, int x, int y)
  * (m,x,y)�状態をt��る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_setcell (int m, int x, int y, int t)
+void map_setcell(int m, int x, int y, MapCell t)
 {
     if (x < 0 || x >= map[m].xs || y < 0 || y >= map[m].ys)
-        return t;
-    return map[m].gat[x + y * map[m].xs] = t;
+        return;
+    map[m].gat[x + y * map[m].xs] = t;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 他鯖管��マップをdb�追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_setipport (const char *name, struct in_addr ip, int port)
+int map_setipport(const char *name, struct in_addr ip, int port)
 {
-    struct map_data_other_server *mdos = NULL;
-
-    struct map_data *md = (struct map_data *)strdb_search (map_db, name);
+    struct map_data *md = map_db.get(name);
     if (md == NULL)
-    {                           // not exist -> add new data
-        CREATE (mdos, struct map_data_other_server, 1);
-        memcpy (mdos->name, name, 24);
+    {
+        struct map_data_other_server *mdos = NULL;
+        // not exist -> add new data
+        CREATE(mdos, struct map_data_other_server, 1);
+        memcpy(mdos->name, name, 24);
         mdos->gat = NULL;
         mdos->ip = ip;
         mdos->port = port;
-        strdb_insert (map_db, mdos->name, mdos);
+        map_db.put(mdos->name, (struct map_data *)mdos);
     }
     else
     {
         if (md->gat)
-        {                       // local -> check data
-            if (ip.s_addr != clif_getip ().s_addr || port != clif_getport ())
+        {
+            // local -> check data
+            if (ip.s_addr != clif_getip().s_addr || port != clif_getport())
             {
-                printf ("from char server : %s -> %s:%d\n", name, ip2str(ip),
+                PRINTF("from char server : %s -> %s:%d\n", name, ip2str(ip),
                         port);
                 return 1;
             }
         }
         else
-        {                       // update
+        {
+            // update
+            struct map_data_other_server *mdos = NULL;
             mdos = (struct map_data_other_server *) md;
             mdos->ip = ip;
             mdos->port = port;
@@ -1589,139 +1374,54 @@ int map_setipport (const char *name, struct in_addr ip, int port)
     return 0;
 }
 
-// �期化周り
-/*==========================================
- * 水場高�設定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static struct Waterlist
-{
-    char mapname[24];
-    int  waterheight;
-}   *waterlist = NULL;
-
-#define NO_WATER 1000000
-
-static int map_waterheight (char *mapname)
-{
-    if (waterlist)
-    {
-        int  i;
-        for (i = 0; waterlist[i].mapname[0] && i < MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER; i++)
-            if (strcmp (waterlist[i].mapname, mapname) == 0)
-                return waterlist[i].waterheight;
-    }
-    return NO_WATER;
-}
-
-static void map_readwater (char *watertxt)
-{
-    char line[1024], w1[1024];
-    FILE *fp = NULL;
-    int  n = 0;
-
-    fp = fopen_ (watertxt, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("file not found: %s\n", watertxt);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (waterlist == NULL)
-    {
-        CREATE (waterlist, struct Waterlist, MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER);
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp) && n < MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER)
-    {
-        int  wh, count;
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        if ((count = sscanf (line, "%s%d", w1, &wh)) < 1)
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-        strcpy (waterlist[n].mapname, w1);
-        if (count >= 2)
-            waterlist[n].waterheight = wh;
-        else
-            waterlist[n].waterheight = 3;
-        n++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * マップ1枚読�込�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int map_readmap (int m, char *fn, char *alias)
+static
+bool map_readmap(int m, const_string fn)
 {
-    int  s;
-    int  x, y, xs, ys;
-    struct gat_1cell
-    {
-        char type;
-    }   *p;
-    int  wh;
-    size_t size;
-
     // read & convert fn
-    uint8_t *gat = (uint8_t *)grfio_read (fn);
-    if (gat == NULL)
-        return -1;
-
-    printf ("\rLoading Maps [%d/%d]: %-50s  ", m, map_num, fn);
-    fflush (stdout);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> gat_v = grfio_reads(fn);
+    if (gat_v.empty())
+        return false;
+    size_t s = gat_v.size() - 4;
 
     map[m].m = m;
-    xs = map[m].xs = *(short *) (gat);
-    ys = map[m].ys = *(short *) (gat + 2);
-    printf ("\n%i %i\n", xs, ys);
-    map[m].gat = (uint8_t *)calloc (s = map[m].xs * map[m].ys, 1);
+    int xs = map[m].xs = gat_v[0] | gat_v[1] << 8;
+    int ys = map[m].ys = gat_v[2] | gat_v[3] << 8;
+    PRINTF("\rLoading Maps [%d/%d]: %-30s  (%i, %i)",
+            m, map_num, std::string(fn.begin(), fn.end()), xs, ys);
+    fflush(stdout);
+
+    assert (s == xs * ys);
+    map[m].gat = make_unique<MapCell[]>(s);
     if (map[m].gat == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("out of memory : map_readmap gat\n");
-        exit (1);
+        PRINTF("out of memory : map_readmap gat\n");
+        exit(1);
     }
 
     map[m].npc_num = 0;
     map[m].users = 0;
-    memset (&map[m].flag, 0, sizeof (map[m].flag));
+    memset(&map[m].flag, 0, sizeof(map[m].flag));
     if (battle_config.pk_mode)
         map[m].flag.pvp = 1;    // make all maps pvp for pk_mode [Valaris]
-    wh = map_waterheight (map[m].name);
-    for (y = 0; y < ys; y++)
-    {
-        p = (struct gat_1cell *) (gat + y * xs + 4);
-        for (x = 0; x < xs; x++)
-        {
-            /*if(wh!=NO_WATER && p->type==0){
-             * // 水場判定
-             * map[m].gat[x+y*xs]=(p->high[0]>wh || p->high[1]>wh || p->high[2]>wh || p->high[3]>wh) ? 3 : 0;
-             * } else { */
-            map[m].gat[x + y * xs] = p->type;
-            //}
-            p++;
-        }
-    }
-    free (gat);
+    MapCell *gat_m = reinterpret_cast<MapCell *>(&gat_v[4]);
+    std::copy(gat_m, gat_m + s, &map[m].gat[0]);
 
     map[m].bxs = (xs + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
     map[m].bys = (ys + BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / BLOCK_SIZE;
-    size = map[m].bxs * map[m].bys;
-
-    CREATE (map[m].block, struct block_list *, size);
-
-    CREATE (map[m].block_mob, struct block_list *, size);
-
-    CREATE (map[m].block_count, int, size);
-
-    CREATE (map[m].block_mob_count, int, size);
+    size_t size = map[m].bxs * map[m].bys;
 
-    strdb_insert (map_db, map[m].name, &map[m]);
+    CREATE(map[m].block, struct block_list *, size);
+    CREATE(map[m].block_mob, struct block_list *, size);
+    CREATE(map[m].block_count, int, size);
+    CREATE(map[m].block_mob_count, int, size);
 
-//  printf("%s read done\n",fn);
+    map_db.put(map[m].name, &map[m]);
 
-    return 0;
+    return true;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1729,57 +1429,26 @@ static int map_readmap (int m, char *fn, char *alias)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int map_readallmap (void)
+int map_readallmap(void)
 {
-    int  i, maps_removed = 0;
-    char fn[256] = "";
+    int i, maps_removed = 0;
 
-    // 先�全部�ャbプ�存在を確�
-    for (i = 0; i < map_num; i++)
-    {
-        if (strstr (map[i].name, ".gat") == NULL)
-            continue;
-        sprintf (fn, "data\\%s", map[i].name);
-        // TODO - remove this, it is the last call to grfio_size, which is deprecated
-        if (!grfio_size (fn))
-        {
-            map_delmap (map[i].name);
-            maps_removed++;
-        }
-    }
     for (i = 0; i < map_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strstr (map[i].name, ".gat") != NULL)
+        assert (strstr(map[i].name, ".gat") != NULL);
         {
-            char *p = strstr (map[i].name, ">");    // [MouseJstr]
-            if (p != NULL)
             {
-                char alias[64];
-                *p = '\0';
-                strcpy (alias, map[i].name);
-                strcpy (map[i].name, p + 1);
-                sprintf (fn, "data\\%s", map[i].name);
-                if (map_readmap (i, fn, alias) == -1)
+                if (!map_readmap(i, map[i].name))
                 {
-                    map_delmap (map[i].name);
-                    maps_removed++;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                sprintf (fn, "data\\%s", map[i].name);
-                if (map_readmap (i, fn, NULL) == -1)
-                {
-                    map_delmap (map[i].name);
+                    map_delmap(map[i].name);
                     maps_removed++;
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    free (waterlist);
-    printf ("\rMaps Loaded: %d %60s\n", map_num, "");
-    printf ("\rMaps Removed: %d \n", maps_removed);
+    PRINTF("\rMaps Loaded: %d %60s\n", map_num, "");
+    PRINTF("\rMaps Removed: %d \n", maps_removed);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1788,9 +1457,9 @@ int map_readallmap (void)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int map_addmap (char *mapname)
+int map_addmap(const char *mapname)
 {
-    if (strcasecmp (mapname, "clear") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(mapname, "clear") == 0)
     {
         map_num = 0;
         return 0;
@@ -1798,10 +1467,10 @@ int map_addmap (char *mapname)
 
     if (map_num >= MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER - 1)
     {
-        printf ("too many map\n");
+        PRINTF("too many map\n");
         return 1;
     }
-    memcpy (map[map_num].name, mapname, 24);
+    memcpy(map[map_num].name, mapname, 24);
     map_num++;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1810,11 +1479,12 @@ int map_addmap (char *mapname)
  * 読�込むmapを削除�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int map_delmap (char *mapname)
+static
+int map_delmap(const char *mapname)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    if (strcasecmp (mapname, "all") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(mapname, "all") == 0)
     {
         map_num = 0;
         return 0;
@@ -1822,84 +1492,94 @@ int map_delmap (char *mapname)
 
     for (i = 0; i < map_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (map[i].name, mapname) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(map[i].name, mapname) == 0)
         {
-            printf ("Removing map [ %s ] from maplist\n", map[i].name);
-            memmove (map + i, map + i + 1,
-                     sizeof (map[0]) * (map_num - i - 1));
+            PRINTF("Removing map [ %s ] from maplist\n", map[i].name);
+            memmove(map + i, map + i + 1,
+                     sizeof(map[0]) * (map_num - i - 1));
             map_num--;
         }
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-extern char *gm_logfile_name;
-
-#define LOGFILE_SECONDS_PER_CHUNK_SHIFT 10
+constexpr int LOGFILE_SECONDS_PER_CHUNK_SHIFT = 10;
 
+static
 FILE *map_logfile = NULL;
+static
 char *map_logfile_name = NULL;
-static long map_logfile_index;
+static
+long map_logfile_index;
 
-static void map_close_logfile (void)
+static
+void map_close_logfile(void)
 {
     if (map_logfile)
     {
-        char *filenameop_buf = (char*)malloc (strlen (map_logfile_name) + 50);
-        sprintf (filenameop_buf, "gzip -f %s.%ld &", map_logfile_name,
-                 map_logfile_index);
-
-        fclose (map_logfile);
+        std::string filename = STRPRINTF("%s.%ld", map_logfile_name, map_logfile_index);
+        const char *args[] =
+        {
+            "gzip",
+            "-f",
+            filename.c_str(),
+            NULL
+        };
+        char **argv = const_cast<char **>(args);
 
-        if (!system (filenameop_buf))
-            perror (filenameop_buf);
+        fclose(map_logfile);
 
-        free (filenameop_buf);
+        if (!fork())
+        {
+            execvp("gzip", argv);
+            _exit(1);
+        }
+        wait(NULL);
     }
 }
 
-static void map_start_logfile (long suffix)
+static
+void map_start_logfile(long index)
 {
-    char *filename_buf = (char*)malloc (strlen (map_logfile_name) + 50);
-    map_logfile_index = suffix >> LOGFILE_SECONDS_PER_CHUNK_SHIFT;
+    map_logfile_index = index;
 
-    sprintf (filename_buf, "%s.%ld", map_logfile_name, map_logfile_index);
-    map_logfile = fopen (filename_buf, "w+");
+    std::string filename_buf = STRPRINTF(
+            "%s.%ld",
+            map_logfile_name,
+            map_logfile_index);
+    map_logfile = fopen(filename_buf.c_str(), "w+");
     if (!map_logfile)
-        perror (map_logfile_name);
-
-    free (filename_buf);
+        perror(map_logfile_name);
 }
 
-static void map_set_logfile (const char *filename)
+static
+void map_set_logfile(const char *filename)
 {
     struct timeval tv;
 
-    map_logfile_name = strdup (filename);
-    gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
+    map_logfile_name = strdup(filename);
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
 
-    map_start_logfile (tv.tv_sec);
+    map_start_logfile(tv.tv_sec);
 
-    MAP_LOG ("log-start v3");
+    MAP_LOG("log-start v4");
 }
 
-void map_write_log (const char *format, ...)
+void map_log(const_string line)
 {
-    struct timeval tv;
-    va_list args;
-    va_start (args, format);
+    if (!map_logfile)
+        return;
 
-    gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
+    time_t t = TimeT::now();
+    long i = t >> LOGFILE_SECONDS_PER_CHUNK_SHIFT;
 
-    if ((tv.tv_sec >> LOGFILE_SECONDS_PER_CHUNK_SHIFT) != map_logfile_index)
+    if (i != map_logfile_index)
     {
-        map_close_logfile ();
-        map_start_logfile (tv.tv_sec);
+        map_close_logfile();
+        map_start_logfile(i);
     }
 
-    fprintf (map_logfile, "%ld.%06ld ", (long) tv.tv_sec, (long) tv.tv_usec);
-    vfprintf (map_logfile, format, args);
-    fputc ('\n', map_logfile);
+    log_with_timestamp(map_logfile, line);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1907,216 +1587,198 @@ void map_write_log (const char *format, ...)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int map_config_read (const char *cfgName)
+int map_config_read(const char *cfgName)
 {
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
     struct hostent *h = NULL;
 
-    fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in(cfgName);
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("Map configuration file not found at: %s\n", cfgName);
-        exit (1);
+        PRINTF("Map configuration file not found at: %s\n", cfgName);
+        exit(1);
     }
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
+
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
+        std::string w1, w2;
+        if (!split_key_value(line, &w1, &w2))
             continue;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2) == 2)
+        if (w1 == "userid")
         {
-            if (strcasecmp (w1, "userid") == 0)
-            {
-                chrif_setuserid (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "passwd") == 0)
-            {
-                chrif_setpasswd (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_ip") == 0)
+            chrif_setuserid(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "passwd")
+        {
+            chrif_setpasswd(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "char_ip")
+        {
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
+            if (h != NULL)
             {
-                h = gethostbyname (w2);
-                if (h != NULL)
-                {
-                    printf
-                        ("Character server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
-                         w2, (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
+                PRINTF("Character server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+                     w2, (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
+                     (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
+                     (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
+                     (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
+                SPRINTF(w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
                          (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                    sprintf (w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                }
-                chrif_setip (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "char_port") == 0)
-            {
-                chrif_setport (atoi (w2));
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "map_ip") == 0)
-            {
-                h = gethostbyname (w2);
-                if (h != NULL)
-                {
-                    printf ("Map server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n", w2,
-                            (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
-                            (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
-                            (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
-                            (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                    sprintf (w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
-                             (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
-                }
-                clif_setip (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "map_port") == 0)
-            {
-                clif_setport (atoi (w2));
-                map_port = (atoi (w2));
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "water_height") == 0)
-            {
-                map_readwater (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "map") == 0)
-            {
-                map_addmap (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "delmap") == 0)
-            {
-                map_delmap (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "npc") == 0)
-            {
-                npc_addsrcfile (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "delnpc") == 0)
-            {
-                npc_delsrcfile (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "autosave_time") == 0)
-            {
-                autosave_interval = atoi (w2) * 1000;
-                if (autosave_interval <= 0)
-                    autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "motd_txt") == 0)
-            {
-                strcpy (motd_txt, w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "help_txt") == 0)
-            {
-                strcpy (help_txt, w2);
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "mapreg_txt") == 0)
-            {
-                strcpy (mapreg_txt, w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "gm_log") == 0)
-            {
-                gm_logfile_name = strdup (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "log_file") == 0)
-            {
-                map_set_logfile (w2);
-            }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
+            chrif_setip(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "char_port")
+        {
+            chrif_setport(atoi(w2.c_str()));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "map_ip")
+        {
+            h = gethostbyname(w2.c_str());
+            if (h != NULL)
             {
-                map_config_read (w2);
+                PRINTF("Map server IP address : %s -> %d.%d.%d.%d\n", w2,
+                        (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
+                        (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
+                        (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
+                        (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
+                SPRINTF(w2, "%d.%d.%d.%d", (unsigned char) h->h_addr[0],
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[1],
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[2],
+                         (unsigned char) h->h_addr[3]);
             }
+            clif_setip(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "map_port")
+        {
+            clif_setport(atoi(w2.c_str()));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "map")
+        {
+            map_addmap(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "delmap")
+        {
+            map_delmap(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "npc")
+        {
+            npc_addsrcfile(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "delnpc")
+        {
+            npc_delsrcfile(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "autosave_time")
+        {
+            autosave_interval = std::chrono::seconds(atoi(w2.c_str()));
+            if (autosave_interval <= interval_t::zero())
+                autosave_interval = DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL;
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "motd_txt")
+        {
+            strzcpy(motd_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(motd_txt));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "help_txt")
+        {
+            strzcpy(help_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(help_txt));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "mapreg_txt")
+        {
+            strzcpy(mapreg_txt, w2.c_str(), sizeof(mapreg_txt));
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "gm_log")
+        {
+            gm_logfile_name = strdup(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "log_file")
+        {
+            map_set_logfile(w2.c_str());
+        }
+        else if (w1 == "import")
+        {
+            map_config_read(w2.c_str());
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int cleanup_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void cleanup_sub(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_PC:
-            map_delblock (bl);  // There is something better...
+        case BL::PC:
+            map_delblock(bl);  // There is something better...
             break;
-        case BL_NPC:
-            npc_delete ((struct npc_data *) bl);
+        case BL::NPC:
+            npc_delete((struct npc_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_MOB:
-            mob_delete ((struct mob_data *) bl);
+        case BL::MOB:
+            mob_delete((struct mob_data *) bl);
             break;
-        case BL_ITEM:
-            map_clearflooritem (bl->id);
+        case BL::ITEM:
+            map_clearflooritem(bl->id);
             break;
-        case BL_SKILL:
-            skill_delunit ((struct skill_unit *) bl);
-            break;
-        case BL_SPELL:
-            spell_free_invocation ((struct invocation *) bl);
+        case BL::SPELL:
+            spell_free_invocation((struct invocation *) bl);
             break;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * map鯖終了時処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void term_func (void)
+void term_func(void)
 {
-    map_close_logfile ();
+    map_close_logfile();
 
-    int  map_id, i;
+    int map_id, i;
 
     for (map_id = 0; map_id < map_num; map_id++)
     {
         if (map[map_id].m)
-            map_foreachinarea (cleanup_sub, map_id, 0, 0, map[map_id].xs,
-                               map[map_id].ys, 0, 0);
+            map_foreachinarea(cleanup_sub, map_id,
+                    0, 0, map[map_id].xs, map[map_id].ys,
+                    BL::NUL);
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-        delete_session (i);
-
-    map_removenpc ();
+        delete_session(i);
 
-    numdb_final (id_db, NULL);
-    strdb_final (map_db, NULL);
-    strdb_final (nick_db, NULL);
-    numdb_final (charid_db, NULL);
+    map_removenpc();
 
     for (i = 0; i <= map_num; i++)
     {
-        if (map[i].gat)
-            free (map[i].gat);
+        map[i].gat = nullptr;
         if (map[i].block)
-            free (map[i].block);
+            free(map[i].block);
         if (map[i].block_mob)
-            free (map[i].block_mob);
+            free(map[i].block_mob);
         if (map[i].block_count)
-            free (map[i].block_count);
+            free(map[i].block_count);
         if (map[i].block_mob_count)
-            free (map[i].block_mob_count);
+            free(map[i].block_mob_count);
     }
-    do_final_script ();
-    do_final_itemdb ();
-    do_final_storage ();
-    do_final_guild ();
+    do_final_script();
+    do_final_itemdb();
+    do_final_storage();
 }
 
 /// --help was passed
 // FIXME this should produce output
-void map_helpscreen (void)
+static __attribute__((noreturn))
+void map_helpscreen(void)
 {
-    exit (1);
+    exit(1);
 }
 
-int compare_item (struct item *a, struct item *b)
+int compare_item(struct item *a, struct item *b)
 {
     return ((a->nameid == b->nameid) &&
             (a->identify == b->identify) &&
@@ -2131,86 +1793,71 @@ int compare_item (struct item *a, struct item *b)
  * Map-Server Init and Command-line Arguments [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init (int argc, char *argv[])
+int do_init(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     const char *MAP_CONF_NAME = "conf/map_athena.conf";
     const char *BATTLE_CONF_FILENAME = "conf/battle_athena.conf";
     const char *ATCOMMAND_CONF_FILENAME = "conf/atcommand_athena.conf";
-    const char *SCRIPT_CONF_NAME = "conf/script_athena.conf";
-    const char *MSG_CONF_NAME = "conf/msg_athena.conf";
 
     for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
     {
 
-        if (strcmp (argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp (argv[i], "--h") == 0
-            || strcmp (argv[i], "--?") == 0 || strcmp (argv[i], "/?") == 0)
-            map_helpscreen ();
-        else if (strcmp (argv[i], "--map_config") == 0)
+        if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "--h") == 0
+            || strcmp(argv[i], "--?") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "/?") == 0)
+            map_helpscreen();
+        else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--map_config") == 0)
             MAP_CONF_NAME = argv[i + 1];
-        else if (strcmp (argv[i], "--battle_config") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--battle_config") == 0)
             BATTLE_CONF_FILENAME = argv[i + 1];
-        else if (strcmp (argv[i], "--atcommand_config") == 0)
+        else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--atcommand_config") == 0)
             ATCOMMAND_CONF_FILENAME = argv[i + 1];
-        else if (strcmp (argv[i], "--script_config") == 0)
-            SCRIPT_CONF_NAME = argv[i + 1];
-        else if (strcmp (argv[i], "--msg_config") == 0)
-            MSG_CONF_NAME = argv[i + 1];
     }
 
-    map_config_read (MAP_CONF_NAME);
-    battle_config_read (BATTLE_CONF_FILENAME);
-    atcommand_config_read (ATCOMMAND_CONF_FILENAME);
-    script_config_read (SCRIPT_CONF_NAME);
-
-    id_db = numdb_init ();
-    map_db = strdb_init (16);
-    nick_db = strdb_init (24);
-    charid_db = numdb_init ();
-
-    map_readallmap ();
+    map_config_read(MAP_CONF_NAME);
+    battle_config_read(BATTLE_CONF_FILENAME);
+    atcommand_config_read(ATCOMMAND_CONF_FILENAME);
+    script_config_read();
 
-//    add_timer_func_list (map_clearflooritem_timer, "map_clearflooritem_timer");
+    map_readallmap();
 
     do_init_chrif ();
     do_init_clif ();
-    do_init_itemdb ();
-    do_init_mob ();             // npc��期化時内�mob_spawn���mob_dbを�照�る��init_npcより先
-    do_init_script ();
-    do_init_npc ();
-    do_init_pc ();
-    do_init_party ();
-    do_init_guild ();
-    do_init_storage ();
-    do_init_skill ();
-    do_init_magic ();
-
-    npc_event_do_oninit ();     // npc�OnInitイベント実行
+    do_init_itemdb();
+    do_init_mob();             // npc��期化時内�mob_spawn���mob_dbを�照�る��init_npcより先
+    do_init_script();
+    do_init_npc();
+    do_init_pc();
+    do_init_party();
+    do_init_storage();
+    do_init_skill();
+    do_init_magic();
+
+    npc_event_do_oninit();     // npc�OnInitイベント実行
 
     if (battle_config.pk_mode == 1)
-        printf ("The server is running in \033[1;31mPK Mode\033[0m.\n");
+        PRINTF("The server is running in \033[1;31mPK Mode\033[0m.\n");
 
-    printf
-        ("The map-server is \033[1;32mready\033[0m (Server is listening on the port %d).\n\n",
+    PRINTF("The map-server is \033[1;32mready\033[0m (Server is listening on the port %d).\n\n",
          map_port);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int map_scriptcont (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
+int map_scriptcont(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
-    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl (id);
+    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl(id);
 
     if (!bl)
         return 0;
 
     switch (bl->type)
     {
-        case BL_NPC:
-            return npc_scriptcont (sd, id);
-        case BL_SPELL:
-            spell_execute_script ((struct invocation *) bl);
+        case BL::NPC:
+            return npc_scriptcont(sd, id);
+        case BL::SPELL:
+            spell_execute_script((struct invocation *) bl);
             break;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/map/map.hpp b/src/map/map.hpp
index 8130739..374282d 100644
--- a/src/map/map.hpp
+++ b/src/map/map.hpp
@@ -1,166 +1,83 @@
-// $Id: map.h,v 1.8 2004/09/25 11:39:17 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef MAP_HPP
 #define MAP_HPP
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
+#include "map.t.hpp"
+
 #include <netinet/in.h>
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+
+#include <functional>
+
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
-
-#ifndef MAX
-#  define MAX(x,y) (((x)>(y)) ? (x) : (y))
-#endif
-#ifndef MIN
-#  define MIN(x,y) (((x)<(y)) ? (x) : (y))
-#endif
-
-#define MAX_PC_CLASS (1+6+6+1+6+1+1+1+1+4023)
-#define PC_CLASS_BASE 0
-#define PC_CLASS_BASE2 (PC_CLASS_BASE + 4001)
-#define PC_CLASS_BASE3 (PC_CLASS_BASE2 + 22)
-#define MAX_NPC_PER_MAP 512
-#define BLOCK_SIZE 8
+#include "../common/timer.t.hpp"
+
+#include "battle.t.hpp"
+#include "magic-interpreter.t.hpp"
+#include "mob.t.hpp"
+#include "script.hpp"   // change to script.t.hpp
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
+
+constexpr int MAX_NPC_PER_MAP = 512;
+constexpr int BLOCK_SIZE = 8;
 #define AREA_SIZE battle_config.area_size
-#define LOCAL_REG_NUM 16
-#define LIFETIME_FLOORITEM 60
-#define DAMAGELOG_SIZE 30
-#define LOOTITEM_SIZE 10
-#define MAX_SKILL_LEVEL 100
-#define MAX_STATUSCHANGE 200
-#define MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP 32
-#define MAX_MOBSKILLUNITGROUP 8
-#define MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET 128
-#define MAX_SKILLTIMERSKILL 32
-#define MAX_MOBSKILLTIMERSKILL 10
-#define MAX_MOBSKILL 32
-#define MAX_EVENTQUEUE 2
-#define MAX_EVENTTIMER 32
-#define NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL 500
-#define MAX_FLOORITEM 500000
-#define MAX_LEVEL 255
-#define MAX_WALKPATH 48
-#define MAX_DROP_PER_MAP 48
-
-#define DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL 60*1000
-
-// [Fate] status.option properties.  These are persistent status changes.
-// IDs that are not listed are not used in the code (to the best of my knowledge)
-#define OPTION_HIDE2		0x0002  // apparently some weaker non-GM hide
-#define OPTION_CLOAK		0x0004
-#define OPTION_10		0x0010
-#define OPTION_20		0x0020
-#define OPTION_HIDE		0x0040  // [Fate] This is the GM `@hide' flag
-#define OPTION_800		0x0800
-#define OPTION_INVISIBILITY	0x1000  // [Fate] Complete invisibility to other clients
-#define OPTION_SCRIBE		0x2000  // [Fate] Auto-logging of nearby comments
-#define OPTION_CHASEWALK	0x4000
-
-//  Below are special clif_changestatus() IDs reserved for option updates
-#define CLIF_OPTION_SC_BASE		0x1000
-#define CLIF_OPTION_SC_INVISIBILITY	(CLIF_OPTION_SC_BASE)
-#define CLIF_OPTION_SC_SCRIBE		(CLIF_OPTION_SC_BASE + 1)
-
-enum
-{ BL_NUL, BL_PC, BL_NPC, BL_MOB, BL_ITEM, BL_CHAT, BL_SKILL, BL_SPELL };
-enum
-{ WARP, SHOP, SCRIPT, MONS, MESSAGE };
+constexpr std::chrono::seconds LIFETIME_FLOORITEM = std::chrono::minutes(1);
+constexpr int DAMAGELOG_SIZE = 30;
+constexpr int LOOTITEM_SIZE = 10;
+constexpr int MAX_SKILL_LEVEL = 100;
+constexpr int MAX_MOBSKILL = 32;
+constexpr int MAX_EVENTQUEUE = 2;
+constexpr int MAX_EVENTTIMER = 32;
+constexpr interval_t NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL = std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
+constexpr int MAX_FLOORITEM = 500000;
+constexpr int MAX_LEVEL = 255;
+constexpr int MAX_WALKPATH = 48;
+constexpr int MAX_DROP_PER_MAP = 48;
+
+constexpr interval_t DEFAULT_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL = std::chrono::minutes(1);
+
 struct block_list
 {
     struct block_list *next, *prev;
-    int  id;
+    int id;
     short m, x, y;
-    unsigned char type;
-    unsigned char subtype;
+    BL type;
+    NpcSubtype subtype;
 };
 
 struct walkpath_data
 {
     unsigned char path_len, path_pos, path_half;
-    unsigned char path[MAX_WALKPATH];
+    DIR path[MAX_WALKPATH];
 };
 struct script_reg
 {
-    int  index;
-    int  data;
+    int index;
+    int data;
 };
 struct script_regstr
 {
-    int  index;
+    int index;
     char data[256];
 };
 struct status_change
 {
-    int  timer;
-    int  val1, val2, val3, val4;
-    int  spell_invocation;      /* [Fate] If triggered by a spell, record here */
+    Timer timer;
+    int val1;
+    int spell_invocation;      /* [Fate] If triggered by a spell, record here */
 };
 
 struct invocation;
 
-struct skill_unit_group;
-struct skill_unit
-{
-    struct block_list bl;
-
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-
-    int  limit;
-    int  val1, val2;
-    short alive, range;
-};
-struct skill_unit_group
-{
-    int  src_id;
-    int  party_id;
-    int  guild_id;
-    int  map, range;
-    int  target_flag;
-    unsigned int tick;
-    int  limit, interval;
-
-    int  skill_id, skill_lv;
-    int  val1, val2;
-    char *valstr;
-    int  unit_id;
-    int  group_id;
-    int  unit_count, alive_count;
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-};
-struct skill_unit_group_tickset
-{
-    unsigned int tick;
-    int  group_id;
-};
-struct skill_timerskill
-{
-    int  timer;
-    int  src_id;
-    int  target_id;
-    int  map;
-    short x, y;
-    short skill_id, skill_lv;
-    int  type;
-    int  flag;
-};
-
 struct npc_data;
 struct item_data;
 struct square;
 
 struct quick_regeneration
 {                               // [Fate]
-    int  amount;                // Amount of HP/SP left to regenerate
+    int amount;                // Amount of HP/SP left to regenerate
     unsigned char speed;        // less is faster (number of half-second ticks to wait between updates)
     unsigned char tickdelay;    // number of ticks to next update
 };
 
-#define VERSION_2_SKILLINFO  0x02   // client supports full skillinfo blocks
-
 struct map_session_data
 {
     struct block_list bl;
@@ -176,13 +93,12 @@ struct map_session_data
         unsigned lr_flag:2;
         unsigned connect_new:1;
         unsigned arrow_atk:1;
-        unsigned attack_type:3;
+        BF attack_type;//:3;
         unsigned skill_flag:1;
         unsigned gangsterparadise:1;
         unsigned produce_flag:1;
         unsigned make_arrow_flag:1;
-        unsigned potionpitcher_flag:1;
-        unsigned storage_flag:2;    //0: closed, 1: Normal Storage open, 2: guild storage open [Skotlex]
+        unsigned storage_open:1;
         unsigned shroud_active:1;
         unsigned shroud_hides_name_talking:1;
         unsigned shroud_disappears_on_pickup:1;
@@ -192,42 +108,35 @@ struct map_session_data
     {
         unsigned killer:1;
         unsigned killable:1;
-        unsigned restart_full_recover:1;
-        unsigned no_castcancel:1;
-        unsigned no_castcancel2:1;
-        unsigned no_sizefix:1;
-        unsigned no_magic_damage:1;
-        unsigned no_weapon_damage:1;
-        unsigned no_gemstone:1;
-        unsigned infinite_endure:1;
         unsigned unbreakable_weapon:1;
         unsigned unbreakable_armor:1;
-        unsigned infinite_autospell:1;
         unsigned deaf:1;
     } special_state;
-    int  char_id, login_id1, login_id2, sex;
+    int char_id, login_id1, login_id2, sex;
     unsigned char tmw_version;  // tmw client version
     struct mmo_charstatus status;
     struct item_data *inventory_data[MAX_INVENTORY];
-    short equip_index[11];
-    int  weight, max_weight;
-    int  cart_weight, cart_max_weight, cart_num, cart_max_num;
+    earray<short, EQUIP, EQUIP::COUNT> equip_index;
+    int weight, max_weight;
+    int cart_weight, cart_max_weight, cart_num, cart_max_num;
     char mapname[24];
-    int  fd, new_fd;
+    int fd, new_fd;
     short to_x, to_y;
-    short speed, prev_speed;
-    short opt1, opt2, opt3;
-    char dir, head_dir;
-    unsigned int client_tick, server_tick;
+    interval_t speed;
+    Opt1 opt1;
+    Opt2 opt2;
+    Opt3 opt3;
+    DIR dir, head_dir;
+    tick_t client_tick, server_tick;
     struct walkpath_data walkpath;
-    int  walktimer;
-    int  npc_id, areanpc_id, npc_shopid;
-    int  npc_pos;
-    int  npc_menu;
-    int  npc_amount;
-    int  npc_stack, npc_stackmax;
+    Timer walktimer;
+    int npc_id, areanpc_id, npc_shopid;
+    int npc_pos;
+    int npc_menu;
+    int npc_amount;
+    int npc_stack, npc_stackmax;
     const ScriptCode *npc_script, *npc_scriptroot;
-    char *npc_stackbuf;
+    struct script_data *npc_stackbuf;
     char npc_str[256];
     struct
     {
@@ -236,158 +145,105 @@ struct map_session_data
     } npc_flags;
     unsigned int chatID;
 
-    int  attacktimer;
-    int  attacktarget;
-    short attacktarget_lv;
-    unsigned int attackabletime;
+    Timer attacktimer;
+    int attacktarget;
+    ATK attacktarget_lv;
+    tick_t attackabletime;
 
-    int  followtimer;           // [MouseJstr]
-    int  followtarget;
+    // used by @hugo and @linus
+    int followtarget;
 
-    unsigned int cast_tick;     // [Fate] Next tick at which spellcasting is allowed
+    tick_t cast_tick;     // [Fate] Next tick at which spellcasting is allowed
     struct invocation *active_spells;   // [Fate] Singly-linked list of active spells linked to this PC
-    int  attack_spell_override; // [Fate] When an attack spell is active for this player, they trigger it
+    int attack_spell_override; // [Fate] When an attack spell is active for this player, they trigger it
     // like a weapon.  Check pc_attack_timer() for details.
-    short attack_spell_icon_override;   // Weapon equipment slot (slot 4) item override
+    // Weapon equipment slot (slot 4) item override
+    StatusChange attack_spell_icon_override;
     short attack_spell_look_override;   // Weapon `look' (attack animation) override
     short attack_spell_charges; // [Fate] Remaining number of charges for the attack spell
-    short attack_spell_delay;   // [Fate] ms delay after spell attack
+    interval_t attack_spell_delay;   // [Fate] ms delay after spell attack
     short attack_spell_range;   // [Fate] spell range
     short spellpower_bonus_target, spellpower_bonus_current;    // [Fate] Spellpower boni.  _current is the active one.
     //_current slowly approximates _target, and _target is determined by equipment.
 
     short attackrange, attackrange_;
-    int  skilltimer;
-    int  skilltarget;
-    short skillx, skilly;
-    short skillid, skilllv;
-    short skillitem, skillitemlv;
-    short skillid_old, skilllv_old;
-    short skillid_dance, skilllv_dance;
-    struct skill_unit_group skillunit[MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP];
-    struct skill_unit_group_tickset skillunittick[MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET];
-    struct skill_timerskill skilltimerskill[MAX_SKILLTIMERSKILL];
-    int  cloneskill_id, cloneskill_lv;
-    int  potion_hp, potion_sp, potion_per_hp, potion_per_sp;
 
     // [Fate] Used for gradual healing; amount of enqueued regeneration
     struct quick_regeneration quick_regeneration_hp, quick_regeneration_sp;
     // [Fate] XP that can be extracted from this player by healing
-    int  heal_xp;               // i.e., OTHER players (healers) can partake in this player's XP
-
-    int  invincible_timer;
-    unsigned int canact_tick;
-    unsigned int canmove_tick;
-    unsigned int canlog_tick;
-    int  hp_sub, sp_sub;
-    int  inchealhptick, inchealsptick, inchealspirithptick,
-        inchealspiritsptick;
-// -- moonsoul (new tick for berserk self-damage)
-    int  berserkdamagetick;
-    int  fame;
-
-    short view_class;
-    short weapontype1, weapontype2;
-    short disguiseflag, disguise;   // [Valaris]
-    int  paramb[6], paramc[6], parame[6], paramcard[6];
-    int  hit, flee, flee2, aspd, amotion, dmotion;
-    int  watk, watk2, atkmods[3];
-    int  def, def2, mdef, mdef2, critical, matk1, matk2;
-    int  atk_ele, def_ele, star, overrefine;
-    int  castrate, hprate, sprate, dsprate;
-    int  addele[10], addrace[12], addsize[3], subele[10], subrace[12];
-    int  addeff[10], addeff2[10], reseff[10];
-    int  watk_, watk_2, atkmods_[3], addele_[10], addrace_[12], addsize_[3];    //二刀�����追加
-    int  atk_ele_, star_, overrefine_;  //二刀�����追加
-    int  base_atk, atk_rate;
-    int  arrow_atk, arrow_ele, arrow_cri, arrow_hit, arrow_range;
-    int  arrow_addele[10], arrow_addrace[12], arrow_addsize[3],
-        arrow_addeff[10], arrow_addeff2[10];
-    int  nhealhp, nhealsp, nshealhp, nshealsp, nsshealhp, nsshealsp;
-    int  aspd_rate, speed_rate, hprecov_rate, sprecov_rate, critical_def,
+    int heal_xp;               // i.e., OTHER players (healers) can partake in this player's XP
+
+    Timer invincible_timer;
+    tick_t canact_tick;
+    tick_t canmove_tick;
+    tick_t canlog_tick;
+    interval_t hp_sub, sp_sub;
+    interval_t inchealhptick, inchealsptick;
+
+    ItemLook weapontype1, weapontype2;
+    earray<int, ATTR, ATTR::COUNT> paramb, paramc, parame, paramcard;
+    int hit, flee, flee2;
+    interval_t aspd, amotion, dmotion;
+    int watk, watk2;
+    int def, def2, mdef, mdef2, critical, matk1, matk2;
+    int star, overrefine;
+    int hprate, sprate, dsprate;
+    int watk_, watk_2;
+    int star_, overrefine_;  //二刀�����追加
+    int base_atk, atk_rate;
+    int arrow_atk;
+    int arrow_cri, arrow_hit, arrow_range;
+    int nhealhp, nhealsp, nshealhp, nshealsp, nsshealhp, nsshealsp;
+    int aspd_rate, speed_rate, hprecov_rate, sprecov_rate, critical_def,
         double_rate;
-    int  near_attack_def_rate, long_attack_def_rate, magic_def_rate,
-        misc_def_rate;
-    int  matk_rate, ignore_def_ele, ignore_def_race, ignore_def_ele_,
-        ignore_def_race_;
-    int  ignore_mdef_ele, ignore_mdef_race;
-    int  magic_addele[10], magic_addrace[12], magic_subrace[12];
-    int  perfect_hit, get_zeny_num;
-    int  critical_rate, hit_rate, flee_rate, flee2_rate, def_rate, def2_rate,
+    int matk_rate;
+    int perfect_hit;
+    int critical_rate, hit_rate, flee_rate, flee2_rate, def_rate, def2_rate,
         mdef_rate, mdef2_rate;
-    int  def_ratio_atk_ele, def_ratio_atk_ele_, def_ratio_atk_race,
-        def_ratio_atk_race_;
-    int  add_damage_class_count, add_damage_class_count_,
-        add_magic_damage_class_count;
-    short add_damage_classid[10], add_damage_classid_[10],
-        add_magic_damage_classid[10];
-    int  add_damage_classrate[10], add_damage_classrate_[10],
-        add_magic_damage_classrate[10];
-    short add_def_class_count, add_mdef_class_count;
-    short add_def_classid[10], add_mdef_classid[10];
-    int  add_def_classrate[10], add_mdef_classrate[10];
-    short monster_drop_item_count;
-    short monster_drop_itemid[10];
-    int  monster_drop_race[10], monster_drop_itemrate[10];
-    int  double_add_rate, speed_add_rate, aspd_add_rate, perfect_hit_add,
-        get_zeny_add_num;
-    short splash_range, splash_add_range;
-    short autospell_id, autospell_lv, autospell_rate;
+    int double_add_rate, speed_add_rate, aspd_add_rate, perfect_hit_add;
     short hp_drain_rate, hp_drain_per, sp_drain_rate, sp_drain_per;
     short hp_drain_rate_, hp_drain_per_, sp_drain_rate_, sp_drain_per_;
-    int  short_weapon_damage_return, long_weapon_damage_return;
-    int  weapon_coma_ele[10], weapon_coma_race[12];
     short break_weapon_rate, break_armor_rate;
     short add_steal_rate;
 
-    short spiritball, spiritball_old;
-    int  spirit_timer[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  magic_damage_return;   // AppleGirl Was Here
-    int  random_attack_increase_add, random_attack_increase_per;    // [Valaris]
-    int  perfect_hiding;        // [Valaris]
-    int  unbreakable;
-
-    int  die_counter;
-    short doridori_counter;
+    int die_counter;
 
-    int  reg_num;
+    int reg_num;
     struct script_reg *reg;
-    int  regstr_num;
+    int regstr_num;
     struct script_regstr *regstr;
 
-    struct status_change sc_data[MAX_STATUSCHANGE];
+    earray<struct status_change, StatusChange, StatusChange::MAX_STATUSCHANGE> sc_data;
     short sc_count;
     struct square dev;
 
-    int  trade_partner;
-    int  deal_item_index[10];
-    int  deal_item_amount[10];
-    int  deal_zeny;
+    int trade_partner;
+    int deal_item_index[10];
+    int deal_item_amount[10];
+    int deal_zeny;
     short deal_locked;
 
-    int  party_sended, party_invite, party_invite_account;
-    int  party_hp, party_x, party_y;
+    int party_sended, party_invite, party_invite_account;
+    int party_hp, party_x, party_y;
 
-    int  guild_sended, guild_invite, guild_invite_account;
-    int  guild_emblem_id, guild_alliance, guild_alliance_account;
-    int  guildspy;              // [Syrus22]
-    int  partyspy;              // [Syrus22]
+    int partyspy;              // [Syrus22]
 
     char message[80];
 
-    int  catch_target_class;
+    int catch_target_class;
 
-    int  pvp_point, pvp_rank, pvp_timer, pvp_lastusers;
+    int pvp_point, pvp_rank;
+    Timer pvp_timer;
+    int pvp_lastusers;
 
     char eventqueue[MAX_EVENTQUEUE][50];
-    int  eventtimer[MAX_EVENTTIMER];
+    Timer eventtimer[MAX_EVENTTIMER];
 
-    int  last_skillid, last_skilllv;    // Added by RoVeRT
     struct
     {
         char name[24];
     } ignore[80];
-    int  ignoreAll;
+    int ignoreAll;
     short sg_count;
 
     struct
@@ -395,14 +251,14 @@ struct map_session_data
         unsigned in_progress:1;
     } auto_ban_info;
 
-    time_t chat_reset_due;
-    time_t chat_repeat_reset_due;
-    int  chat_lines_in;
-    int  chat_total_repeats;
+    TimeT chat_reset_due;
+    TimeT chat_repeat_reset_due;
+    int chat_lines_in;
+    int chat_total_repeats;
     char chat_lastmsg[513];
 
-    unsigned int flood_rates[0x220];
-    time_t packet_flood_reset_due;
+    tick_t flood_rates[0x220];
+    TimeT packet_flood_reset_due;
     int packet_flood_in;
 
     struct in_addr ip;
@@ -410,27 +266,32 @@ struct map_session_data
 
 struct npc_timerevent_list
 {
-    int  timer, pos;
+    interval_t timer;
+    int pos;
 };
 struct npc_label_list
 {
     char name[24];
-    int  pos;
+    int pos;
 };
 struct npc_item_list
 {
-    int  nameid, value;
+    int nameid, value;
 };
 struct npc_data
 {
     struct block_list bl;
     short n;
-    short npc_class, dir;
-    short speed;
+    short npc_class;
+    DIR dir;
+    interval_t speed;
     char name[24];
     char exname[24];
-    int  chat_id;
-    short opt1, opt2, opt3, option;
+    int chat_id;
+    Opt1 opt1;
+    Opt2 opt2;
+    Opt3 opt3;
+    Option option;
     short flag;
     union
     {
@@ -438,13 +299,14 @@ struct npc_data
         {
             const ScriptCode *script;
             short xs, ys;
-            int  guild_id;
-            int  timer, timerid, timeramount, nexttimer;
-            unsigned int timertick;
+            interval_t timer;
+            Timer timerid;
+            int timeramount, nexttimer;
+            tick_t timertick;
             struct npc_timerevent_list *timer_event;
-            int  label_list_num;
+            int label_list_num;
             struct npc_label_list *label_list;
-            int  src_id;
+            int src_id;
         } scr;
         struct npc_item_list shop_item[1];
         struct
@@ -453,50 +315,33 @@ struct npc_data
             short x, y;
             char name[16];
         } warp;
-        char *message;          // for MESSAGE: only send this message
+        char *message;          // for NpcSubtype::MESSAGE: only send this message
     } u;
     // ���メン�を追加����ら��(shop_item��変長�為)
 
     char eventqueue[MAX_EVENTQUEUE][50];
-    int  eventtimer[MAX_EVENTTIMER];
+    Timer eventtimer[MAX_EVENTTIMER];
     short arenaflag;
 };
 
-#define MOB_MODE_SUMMONED			0x1000
-#define MOB_MODE_TURNS_AGAINST_BAD_MASTER	0x2000
-
-#define MOB_SENSIBLE_MASK 0xf000    // fate: mob mode flags that I actually understand
-
-enum mob_stat
-{
-    MOB_LV,
-    MOB_MAX_HP,
-    MOB_STR, MOB_AGI, MOB_VIT, MOB_INT, MOB_DEX, MOB_LUK,
-    MOB_ATK1, MOB_ATK2,         // low and high attacks
-    MOB_ADELAY,                 // attack delay
-    MOB_DEF, MOB_MDEF,
-    MOB_SPEED,
-    // These must come last:
-    MOB_XP_BONUS,               /* [Fate] Encoded as base to 1024: 1024 means 100% */
-    MOB_LAST
-};
-
-#define MOB_XP_BONUS_BASE  1024
-#define MOB_XP_BONUS_SHIFT 10
+constexpr int MOB_XP_BONUS_BASE = 1024;
+constexpr int MOB_XP_BONUS_SHIFT = 10;
 
 struct mob_data
 {
     struct block_list bl;
     short n;
-    short base_class, mob_class, dir, mode;
+    short mob_class;
+    DIR dir;
+    MobMode mode;
     short m, x0, y0, xs, ys;
     char name[24];
-    int  spawndelay1, spawndelay2;
+    interval_t spawndelay1, spawndelay2;
     struct
     {
-        unsigned state:8;
-        unsigned skillstate:8;
-        unsigned targettype:1;
+        MS state;
+        MobSkillState skillstate;
+        unsigned attackable:1;
         unsigned steal_flag:1;
         unsigned steal_coin_flag:1;
         unsigned skillcastcancel:1;
@@ -505,71 +350,64 @@ struct mob_data
         unsigned walk_easy:1;
         unsigned special_mob_ai:3;
     } state;
-    int  timer;
+    Timer timer;
     short to_x, to_y;
-    int  hp;
-    int  target_id, attacked_id;
-    short target_lv;
+    int hp;
+    int target_id, attacked_id;
+    ATK target_lv;
     struct walkpath_data walkpath;
-    unsigned int next_walktime;
-    unsigned int attackabletime;
-    unsigned int last_deadtime, last_spawntime, last_thinktime;
-    unsigned int canmove_tick;
+    tick_t next_walktime;
+    tick_t attackabletime;
+    tick_t last_deadtime, last_spawntime, last_thinktime;
+    tick_t canmove_tick;
     short move_fail_count;
     struct
     {
-        int  id;
-        int  dmg;
+        int id;
+        int dmg;
     } dmglog[DAMAGELOG_SIZE];
     struct item *lootitem;
     short lootitem_count;
 
-    struct status_change sc_data[MAX_STATUSCHANGE];
+    earray<struct status_change, StatusChange, StatusChange::MAX_STATUSCHANGE> sc_data;
     short sc_count;
-    short opt1, opt2, opt3, option;
+    Opt1 opt1;
+    Opt2 opt2;
+    Opt3 opt3;
+    Option option;
     short min_chase;
     short sg_count;
-    int  guild_id;
-    int  deletetimer;
+    Timer deletetimer;
 
-    int  skilltimer;
-    int  skilltarget;
+    Timer skilltimer;
+    int skilltarget;
     short skillx, skilly;
-    short skillid, skilllv, skillidx;
-    unsigned int skilldelay[MAX_MOBSKILL];
-    int  def_ele;
-    int  master_id, master_dist;
-    int  exclusion_src, exclusion_party, exclusion_guild;
-    struct skill_timerskill skilltimerskill[MAX_MOBSKILLTIMERSKILL];
-    struct skill_unit_group skillunit[MAX_MOBSKILLUNITGROUP];
-    struct skill_unit_group_tickset skillunittick[MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET];
+    SkillID skillid;
+    short skilllv, skillidx;
+    tick_t skilldelay[MAX_MOBSKILL];
+    LevelElement def_ele;
+    int master_id, master_dist;
+    int exclusion_src, exclusion_party;
     char npc_event[50];
-    unsigned short stats[MOB_LAST]; // [Fate] mob-specific stats
+    // [Fate] mob-specific stats
+    earray<unsigned short, mob_stat, mob_stat::LAST> stats;
     short size;
 };
 
-enum
-{ MS_IDLE, MS_WALK, MS_ATTACK, MS_DEAD, MS_DELAY };
-
-enum
-{ NONE_ATTACKABLE, ATTACKABLE };
-
-enum
-{ ATK_LUCKY = 1, ATK_FLEE, ATK_DEF };   // 囲�れペナルティ計算用
-
 struct map_data
 {
     char name[24];
     char alias[24];             // [MouseJstr]
-    unsigned char *gat;         // NULL�ら下�map_data_other_server���扱�
+    // if NULL, actually a map_data_other_server
+    std::unique_ptr<MapCell[]> gat;
     struct block_list **block;
     struct block_list **block_mob;
     int *block_count, *block_mob_count;
-    int  m;
+    int m;
     short xs, ys;
     short bxs, bys;
-    int  npc_num;
-    int  users;
+    int npc_num;
+    int users;
     struct
     {
         unsigned alias:1;
@@ -582,14 +420,9 @@ struct map_data
         unsigned nopenalty:1;
         unsigned pvp:1;
         unsigned pvp_noparty:1;
-        unsigned pvp_noguild:1;
-        unsigned pvp_nightmaredrop:1;
         unsigned pvp_nocalcrank:1;
-        unsigned gvg:1;
-        unsigned gvg_noparty:1;
         unsigned nozenypenalty:1;
         unsigned notrade:1;
-        unsigned noskill:1;
         unsigned nowarp:1;
         unsigned nowarpto:1;
         unsigned nopvp:1;       // [Valaris]
@@ -606,9 +439,9 @@ struct map_data
     struct npc_data *npc[MAX_NPC_PER_MAP];
     struct
     {
-        int  drop_id;
-        int  drop_type;
-        int  drop_per;
+        int drop_id;
+        int drop_type;
+        int drop_per;
     } drop_list[MAX_DROP_PER_MAP];
 };
 struct map_data_other_server
@@ -618,92 +451,37 @@ struct map_data_other_server
     struct in_addr ip;
     unsigned int port;
 };
-#define read_gat(m,x,y) (map[m].gat[(x)+(y)*map[m].xs])
-#define read_gatp(m,x,y) (m->gat[(x)+(y)*m->xs])
 
-struct flooritem_data
-{
-    struct block_list bl;
-    short subx, suby;
-    int  cleartimer;
-    int  first_get_id, second_get_id, third_get_id;
-    unsigned int first_get_tick, second_get_tick, third_get_tick;
-    struct item item_data;
-};
+extern struct map_data map[];
+extern int map_num;
 
-enum
+inline
+MapCell read_gatp(struct map_data *m, int x, int y)
 {
-    SP_SPEED, SP_BASEEXP, SP_JOBEXP, SP_KARMA, SP_MANNER, SP_HP, SP_MAXHP, SP_SP,   // 0-7
-    SP_MAXSP, SP_STATUSPOINT, SP_0a, SP_BASELEVEL, SP_SKILLPOINT, SP_STR, SP_AGI, SP_VIT,   // 8-15
-    SP_INT, SP_DEX, SP_LUK, SP_CLASS, SP_ZENY, SP_SEX, SP_NEXTBASEEXP, SP_NEXTJOBEXP,   // 16-23
-    SP_WEIGHT, SP_MAXWEIGHT, SP_1a, SP_1b, SP_1c, SP_1d, SP_1e, SP_1f,  // 24-31
-    SP_USTR, SP_UAGI, SP_UVIT, SP_UINT, SP_UDEX, SP_ULUK, SP_26, SP_27, // 32-39
-    SP_28, SP_ATK1, SP_ATK2, SP_MATK1, SP_MATK2, SP_DEF1, SP_DEF2, SP_MDEF1,    // 40-47
-    SP_MDEF2, SP_HIT, SP_FLEE1, SP_FLEE2, SP_CRITICAL, SP_ASPD, SP_36, SP_JOBLEVEL, // 48-55
-    SP_UPPER, SP_PARTNER, SP_CART, SP_FAME, SP_UNBREAKABLE, //56-58
-    SP_DEAF = 70,
-    SP_CARTINFO = 99,           // 99
-    SP_GM = 500,
-
-    // original 1000-
-    SP_ATTACKRANGE = 1000, SP_ATKELE, SP_DEFELE,    // 1000-1002
-    SP_CASTRATE, SP_MAXHPRATE, SP_MAXSPRATE, SP_SPRATE, // 1003-1006
-    SP_ADDELE, SP_ADDRACE, SP_ADDSIZE, SP_SUBELE, SP_SUBRACE,   // 1007-1011
-    SP_ADDEFF, SP_RESEFF,       // 1012-1013
-    SP_BASE_ATK, SP_ASPD_RATE, SP_HP_RECOV_RATE, SP_SP_RECOV_RATE, SP_SPEED_RATE,   // 1014-1018
-    SP_CRITICAL_DEF, SP_NEAR_ATK_DEF, SP_LONG_ATK_DEF,  // 1019-1021
-    SP_DOUBLE_RATE, SP_DOUBLE_ADD_RATE, SP_MATK, SP_MATK_RATE,  // 1022-1025
-    SP_IGNORE_DEF_ELE, SP_IGNORE_DEF_RACE,  // 1026-1027
-    SP_ATK_RATE, SP_SPEED_ADDRATE, SP_ASPD_ADDRATE, // 1028-1030
-    SP_MAGIC_ATK_DEF, SP_MISC_ATK_DEF,  // 1031-1032
-    SP_IGNORE_MDEF_ELE, SP_IGNORE_MDEF_RACE,    // 1033-1034
-    SP_MAGIC_ADDELE, SP_MAGIC_ADDRACE, SP_MAGIC_SUBRACE,    // 1035-1037
-    SP_PERFECT_HIT_RATE, SP_PERFECT_HIT_ADD_RATE, SP_CRITICAL_RATE, SP_GET_ZENY_NUM, SP_ADD_GET_ZENY_NUM,   // 1038-1042
-    SP_ADD_DAMAGE_CLASS, SP_ADD_MAGIC_DAMAGE_CLASS, SP_ADD_DEF_CLASS, SP_ADD_MDEF_CLASS,    // 1043-1046
-    SP_ADD_MONSTER_DROP_ITEM, SP_DEF_RATIO_ATK_ELE, SP_DEF_RATIO_ATK_RACE, SP_ADD_SPEED,    // 1047-1050
-    SP_HIT_RATE, SP_FLEE_RATE, SP_FLEE2_RATE, SP_DEF_RATE, SP_DEF2_RATE, SP_MDEF_RATE, SP_MDEF2_RATE,   // 1051-1057
-    SP_SPLASH_RANGE, SP_SPLASH_ADD_RANGE, SP_AUTOSPELL, SP_HP_DRAIN_RATE, SP_SP_DRAIN_RATE, // 1058-1062
-    SP_SHORT_WEAPON_DAMAGE_RETURN, SP_LONG_WEAPON_DAMAGE_RETURN, SP_WEAPON_COMA_ELE, SP_WEAPON_COMA_RACE,   // 1063-1066
-    SP_ADDEFF2, SP_BREAK_WEAPON_RATE, SP_BREAK_ARMOR_RATE, SP_ADD_STEAL_RATE,   // 1067-1070
-    SP_MAGIC_DAMAGE_RETURN, SP_RANDOM_ATTACK_INCREASE, SP_ALL_STATS, SP_AGI_VIT, SP_AGI_DEX_STR, SP_PERFECT_HIDE,   // 1071-1077
-    SP_DISGUISE,                // 1077
-
-    SP_RESTART_FULL_RECORVER = 2000, SP_NO_CASTCANCEL, SP_NO_SIZEFIX, SP_NO_MAGIC_DAMAGE, SP_NO_WEAPON_DAMAGE, SP_NO_GEMSTONE,  // 2000-2005
-    SP_NO_CASTCANCEL2, SP_INFINITE_ENDURE, SP_UNBREAKABLE_WEAPON, SP_UNBREAKABLE_ARMOR  // 2006-2009
-};
-
-enum
+    return m->gat[x + y * m->xs];
+}
+inline
+MapCell read_gat(int m, int x, int y)
 {
-    LOOK_BASE,
-    LOOK_HAIR,
-    LOOK_WEAPON,
-    LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM,
-    LOOK_HEAD_TOP,
-    LOOK_HEAD_MID,
-    LOOK_HAIR_COLOR,
-    LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,
-    LOOK_SHIELD,
-    LOOK_SHOES,                 /* 9 */
-    LOOK_GLOVES,
-    LOOK_CAPE,
-    LOOK_MISC1,
-    LOOK_MISC2
-};
+    return read_gatp(&map[m], x, y);
+}
 
-enum
+struct flooritem_data
 {
-    EQUIP_SHIELD = 8,
-    EQUIP_WEAPON = 9
+    struct block_list bl;
+    short subx, suby;
+    Timer cleartimer;
+    int first_get_id, second_get_id, third_get_id;
+    tick_t first_get_tick, second_get_tick, third_get_tick;
+    struct item item_data;
 };
 
-#define LOOK_LAST LOOK_MISC2
-
 struct chat_data
 {
     struct block_list bl;
 
     char pass[8];      /* password */
-    char title[61];    /* room title MAX 60 */
+    char title[61];    /* room title max 60 */
     unsigned char limit;        /* join limit */
     unsigned char trigger;
     unsigned char users;        /* current users */
@@ -714,111 +492,109 @@ struct chat_data
     char npc_event[50];
 };
 
-extern struct map_data map[];
-extern int map_num;
-extern int autosave_interval;
+extern interval_t autosave_interval;
 extern int save_settings;
-extern int agit_flag;
-extern int night_flag;          // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
 
 extern char motd_txt[];
 extern char help_txt[];
 
-extern char talkie_mes[];
-
 extern char wisp_server_name[];
 
 // 鯖全体情報
-void map_setusers (int);
-int  map_getusers (void);
+void map_setusers(int);
+int map_getusers(void);
 // block削除関連
-int  map_freeblock (void *bl);
-int  map_freeblock_lock (void);
-int  map_freeblock_unlock (void);
+int map_freeblock(void *bl);
+int map_freeblock_lock(void);
+int map_freeblock_unlock(void);
 // block関連
-int  map_addblock (struct block_list *);
-int  map_delblock (struct block_list *);
-void map_foreachinarea (int (*)(struct block_list *, va_list), int, int, int,
-                        int, int, int, ...);
+int map_addblock(struct block_list *);
+int map_delblock(struct block_list *);
+void map_foreachinarea(std::function<void(struct block_list *)>,
+        int,
+        int, int, int, int,
+        BL);
 // -- moonsoul (added map_foreachincell)
-void map_foreachincell (int (*)(struct block_list *, va_list), int, int, int,
-                        int, ...);
-void map_foreachinmovearea (int (*)(struct block_list *, va_list), int, int,
-                            int, int, int, int, int, int, ...);
-int  map_countnearpc (int, int, int);
+void map_foreachincell(std::function<void(struct block_list *)>,
+        int,
+        int, int,
+        BL);
+void map_foreachinmovearea(std::function<void(struct block_list *)>,
+        int,
+        int, int, int, int,
+        int, int,
+        BL);
 //block関連�追加
-int  map_count_oncell (int m, int x, int y);
+int map_count_oncell(int m, int x, int y);
 // 一時的object関連
-int  map_addobject (struct block_list *);
-int  map_delobject (int, int type);
-int  map_delobjectnofree (int id, int type);
-void map_foreachobject (int (*)(struct block_list *, va_list), int, ...);
+int map_addobject(struct block_list *);
+int map_delobject(int, BL type);
+int map_delobjectnofree(int id, BL type);
+void map_foreachobject(std::function<void(struct block_list *)>,
+        BL);
 //
-int  map_quit (struct map_session_data *);
+void map_quit(struct map_session_data *);
 // npc
-int  map_addnpc (int, struct npc_data *);
+int map_addnpc(int, struct npc_data *);
 
-extern FILE *map_logfile;
-__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-void map_write_log (const char *format, ...);
-#define MAP_LOG(format, args...) {if (map_logfile) map_write_log(format, ##args);}
+void map_log(const_string line);
+#define MAP_LOG(format, ...) \
+    map_log(static_cast<const std::string&>(STRPRINTF(format, ## __VA_ARGS__)))
 
-#define MAP_LOG_PC(sd, fmt, args...) MAP_LOG("PC%d %d:%d,%d " fmt, sd->status.char_id, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, ## args)
+#define MAP_LOG_PC(sd, fmt, ...)    \
+    MAP_LOG("PC%d %d:%d,%d " fmt,   \
+            sd->status.char_id, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, ## __VA_ARGS__)
 
 // 床アイテム関連
-void map_clearflooritem_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-#define map_clearflooritem(id) map_clearflooritem_timer(0,0,id,1)
-int  map_addflooritem_any (struct item *, int amount, int m, int x, int y,
-                           struct map_session_data **owners,
-                           int *owner_protection,
-                           int lifetime, int dispersal);
-int  map_addflooritem (struct item *, int, int, int, int,
-                       struct map_session_data *, struct map_session_data *,
-                       struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  map_searchrandfreecell (int, int, int, int);
+void map_clearflooritem_timer(TimerData *, tick_t, int);
+inline
+void map_clearflooritem(int id)
+{
+    map_clearflooritem_timer(nullptr, tick_t(), id);
+}
+int map_addflooritem_any(struct item *, int amount, int m, int x, int y,
+        struct map_session_data **owners, interval_t *owner_protection,
+        interval_t lifetime, int dispersal);
+int map_addflooritem(struct item *, int, int, int, int,
+        struct map_session_data *, struct map_session_data *,
+        struct map_session_data *);
 
 // キャラid�＞キャラ� 変�関連
-void map_addchariddb (int charid, const char *name);
-void map_delchariddb (int charid);
-int  map_reqchariddb (struct map_session_data *sd, int charid);
-char *map_charid2nick (int);
-
-struct map_session_data *map_id2sd (int);
-struct block_list *map_id2bl (int);
-int  map_mapname2mapid (const char *);
-int  map_mapname2ipport (const char *, struct in_addr *, int *);
-int  map_setipport (const char *name, struct in_addr ip, int port);
-int  map_eraseipport (const char *name, struct in_addr ip, int port);
-void map_addiddb (struct block_list *);
-void map_deliddb (struct block_list *bl);
-int  map_foreachiddb (db_func_t, ...);
-void map_addnickdb (struct map_session_data *);
-int  map_scriptcont (struct map_session_data *sd, int id);  /* Continues a script either on a spell or on an NPC */
-struct map_session_data *map_nick2sd (const char *);
-int  compare_item (struct item *a, struct item *b);
-
-struct map_session_data *map_get_first_session (void);
-struct map_session_data *map_get_last_session (void);
-struct map_session_data *map_get_next_session (struct map_session_data
-                                               *current);
-struct map_session_data *map_get_prev_session (struct map_session_data
-                                               *current);
+extern
+DMap<int, struct block_list *> id_db;
+void map_addchariddb(int charid, const char *name);
+char *map_charid2nick(int);
+
+struct map_session_data *map_id2sd(int);
+struct block_list *map_id2bl(int);
+int map_mapname2mapid(const char *);
+int map_mapname2ipport(const char *, struct in_addr *, int *);
+int map_setipport(const char *name, struct in_addr ip, int port);
+void map_addiddb(struct block_list *);
+void map_deliddb(struct block_list *bl);
+void map_addnickdb(struct map_session_data *);
+int map_scriptcont(struct map_session_data *sd, int id);  /* Continues a script either on a spell or on an NPC */
+struct map_session_data *map_nick2sd(const char *);
+int compare_item(struct item *a, struct item *b);
+
+struct map_session_data *map_get_first_session(void);
+struct map_session_data *map_get_last_session(void);
+struct map_session_data *map_get_next_session(
+        struct map_session_data *current);
+struct map_session_data *map_get_prev_session(
+        struct map_session_data *current);
 
 // gat関連
-int  map_getcell (int, int, int);
-int  map_setcell (int, int, int, int);
+MapCell map_getcell(int, int, int);
+void map_setcell(int, int, int, MapCell);
 
 // ��他
-int  map_check_dir (int s_dir, int t_dir);
-int  map_calc_dir (struct block_list *src, int x, int y);
+bool map_check_dir(DIR s_dir, DIR t_dir);
+DIR map_calc_dir(struct block_list *src, int x, int y);
 
 // path.cより
-int  path_search (struct walkpath_data *, int, int, int, int, int, int);
-int  path_blownpos (int m, int x0, int y0, int dx, int dy, int count);
-
-int  map_who (int fd);
+int path_search(struct walkpath_data *, int, int, int, int, int, int);
 
-void map_helpscreen (void);         // [Valaris]
-int  map_delmap (char *mapname);
+std::pair<uint16_t, uint16_t> map_randfreecell(int m, uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint16_t w, uint16_t h);
 
-#endif
+#endif // MAP_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/map.t.hpp b/src/map/map.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c57ea06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/map.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+#ifndef MAP_T_HPP
+#define MAP_T_HPP
+
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils2.hpp"
+
+namespace e
+{
+// [Fate] status.option properties.  These are persistent status changes.
+// IDs that are not listed are not used in the code (to the best of my knowledge)
+enum class Option : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO            = 0x0000,
+
+    // [Fate] This is the GM `@hide' flag
+    HIDE            = 0x0040,
+    // [Fate] Complete invisibility to other clients
+    INVISIBILITY    = 0x1000,
+
+    // ?
+    REAL_ANY_HIDE   = HIDE,
+};
+enum class Opt1 : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO            = 0,
+    _stone1         = 1,
+    _freeze         = 2,
+    _stan           = 3,
+    _sleep          = 4,
+    _stone6         = 6,
+};
+enum class Opt2 : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO            = 0x0000,
+    _poison         = 0x0001,
+    _curse          = 0x0002,
+    _silence        = 0x0004,
+    BLIND           = 0x0010,
+    _speedpotion0   = 0x0020,
+    _signumcrucis   = 0x0040,
+    _atkpot         = 0x0080,
+    _heal           = 0x0100,
+    _slowpoison     = 0x0200,
+};
+enum class Opt3 : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO            = 0x0000,
+    _concentration  = 0x0001,
+    _overthrust     = 0x0002,
+    _energycoat     = 0x0004,
+    _explosionspirits = 0x0008,
+    _steelbody      = 0x0010,
+    _berserk        = 0x0080,
+
+    _marionette     = 0x0400,
+    _assumptio      = 0x0800,
+};
+
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(Option)
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(Opt2)
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(Opt3)
+}
+using e::Option;
+using e::Opt1;
+using e::Opt2;
+using e::Opt3;
+
+enum class BL : uint8_t
+{
+    NUL,
+    PC,
+    NPC,
+    MOB,
+    ITEM,
+    CHAT,
+    SPELL,
+};
+enum class NpcSubtype : uint8_t
+{
+    WARP,
+    SHOP,
+    SCRIPT,
+    MONS,
+    MESSAGE,
+};
+
+enum class mob_stat
+{
+    LV,
+    MAX_HP,
+    STR,
+    AGI,
+    VIT,
+    INT,
+    DEX,
+    LUK,
+    // low and high attacks
+    ATK1,
+    ATK2,
+    // attack delay
+    ADELAY,
+    DEF,
+    MDEF,
+    SPEED,
+    // These must come last:
+    // [Fate] Encoded as base to 1024: 1024 means 100%
+    XP_BONUS,
+    LAST,
+};
+
+enum class MS : uint8_t
+{
+    IDLE,
+    WALK,
+    ATTACK,
+    DEAD,
+};
+
+enum class ATK
+{
+    ZERO = 0,
+
+    LUCKY,
+    FLEE,
+    DEF,
+};
+
+enum class SP : uint16_t
+{
+    // sent to client
+    SPEED                       = 0,
+
+    // when used as "no stat"
+    ZERO = 0,
+
+    // sent to client
+    BASEEXP                     = 1,
+    // sent to client
+    JOBEXP                      = 2,
+#if 0
+    KARMA                       = 3,
+#endif
+
+    // sent to client
+    HP                          = 5,
+    // sent to client
+    MAXHP                       = 6,
+    // sent to client
+    SP                          = 7,
+    // sent to client
+    MAXSP                       = 8,
+    // sent to client
+    STATUSPOINT                 = 9,
+
+    // sent to client
+    BASELEVEL                   = 11,
+    // sent to client
+    SKILLPOINT                  = 12,
+    // sent to client
+    STR                         = 13,
+    // sent to client
+    AGI                         = 14,
+    // sent to client
+    VIT                         = 15,
+    // sent to client
+    INT                         = 16,
+    // sent to client
+    DEX                         = 17,
+    // sent to client
+    LUK                         = 18,
+    CLASS                       = 19,
+    // sent to client
+    ZENY                        = 20,
+    SEX                         = 21,
+    // sent to client
+    NEXTBASEEXP                 = 22,
+    // sent to client
+    NEXTJOBEXP                  = 23,
+    // sent to client
+    WEIGHT                      = 24,
+    // sent to client
+    MAXWEIGHT                   = 25,
+
+    // sent to client
+    USTR                        = 32,
+    // sent to client
+    UAGI                        = 33,
+    // sent to client
+    UVIT                        = 34,
+    // sent to client
+    UINT                        = 35,
+    // sent to client
+    UDEX                        = 36,
+    // sent to client
+    ULUK                        = 37,
+
+    // sent to client
+    ATK1                        = 41,
+    // sent to client
+    ATK2                        = 42,
+    // sent to client
+    MATK1                       = 43,
+    // sent to client
+    MATK2                       = 44,
+    // sent to client
+    DEF1                        = 45,
+    // sent to client
+    DEF2                        = 46,
+    // sent to client
+    MDEF1                       = 47,
+    // sent to client
+    MDEF2                       = 48,
+    // sent to client
+    HIT                         = 49,
+    // sent to client
+    FLEE1                       = 50,
+    // sent to client
+    FLEE2                       = 51,
+    // sent to client
+    CRITICAL                    = 52,
+    // sent to client
+    ASPD                        = 53,
+
+    // sent to client
+    JOBLEVEL                    = 55,
+
+#if 0
+    PARTNER                     = 57,
+    CART                        = 58,
+    FAME                        = 59,
+    UNBREAKABLE                 = 60,
+#endif
+
+    DEAF                        = 70,
+
+    // sent to client
+    GM                          = 500,
+
+    // sent to client
+    ATTACKRANGE                 = 1000,
+#if 0
+    ATKELE                      = 1001,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    DEFELE                      = 1002,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    CASTRATE                    = 1003,
+#endif
+    MAXHPRATE                   = 1004,
+#if 0
+    MAXSPRATE                   = 1005,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    SPRATE                      = 1006,
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+    ADDEFF                      = 1012,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    RESEFF                      = 1013,
+#endif
+    BASE_ATK                    = 1014,
+    ASPD_RATE                   = 1015,
+    HP_RECOV_RATE               = 1016,
+#if 0
+    SP_RECOV_RATE               = 1017,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    SPEED_RATE                  = 1018,
+#endif
+    CRITICAL_DEF                = 1019,
+#if 0
+    NEAR_ATK_DEF                = 1020,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    LONG_ATK_DEF                = 1021,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    DOUBLE_RATE                 = 1022,
+#endif
+    DOUBLE_ADD_RATE             = 1023,
+#if 0
+    MATK                        = 1024,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    MATK_RATE                   = 1025,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    IGNORE_DEF_ELE              = 1026,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    IGNORE_DEF_RACE             = 1027,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    ATK_RATE                    = 1028,
+#endif
+    SPEED_ADDRATE               = 1029,
+#if 0
+    ASPD_ADDRATE                = 1030,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    MAGIC_ATK_DEF               = 1031,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    MISC_ATK_DEF                = 1032,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    IGNORE_MDEF_ELE             = 1033,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    IGNORE_MDEF_RACE            = 1034,
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+    PERFECT_HIT_RATE            = 1038,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    PERFECT_HIT_ADD_RATE        = 1039,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    CRITICAL_RATE               = 1040,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    GET_ZENY_NUM                = 1041,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    ADD_GET_ZENY_NUM            = 1042,
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+    ADD_MONSTER_DROP_ITEM       = 1047,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    DEF_RATIO_ATK_ELE           = 1048,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    DEF_RATIO_ATK_RACE          = 1049,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    ADD_SPEED                   = 1050,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    HIT_RATE                    = 1051,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    FLEE_RATE                   = 1052,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    FLEE2_RATE                  = 1053,
+#endif
+    DEF_RATE                    = 1054,
+    DEF2_RATE                   = 1055,
+#if 0
+    MDEF_RATE                   = 1056,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    MDEF2_RATE                  = 1057,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    SPLASH_RANGE                = 1058,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    SPLASH_ADD_RANGE            = 1059,
+#endif
+
+    HP_DRAIN_RATE               = 1061,
+#if 0
+    SP_DRAIN_RATE               = 1062,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    SHORT_WEAPON_DAMAGE_RETURN  = 1063,
+#endif
+#if 0
+    LONG_WEAPON_DAMAGE_RETURN   = 1064,
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+    ADDEFF2                     = 1067,
+#endif
+    BREAK_WEAPON_RATE           = 1068,
+    BREAK_ARMOR_RATE            = 1069,
+    ADD_STEAL_RATE              = 1070,
+    MAGIC_DAMAGE_RETURN         = 1071,
+#if 0
+    RANDOM_ATTACK_INCREASE      = 1072,
+#endif
+};
+
+constexpr
+SP attr_to_sp(ATTR attr)
+{
+    return SP(uint16_t(attr) + uint16_t(SP::STR));
+}
+
+constexpr
+ATTR sp_to_attr(SP sp)
+{
+    return ATTR(uint16_t(sp) - uint16_t(SP::STR));
+}
+
+constexpr
+SP attr_to_usp(ATTR attr)
+{
+    return SP(uint16_t(attr) + uint16_t(SP::USTR));
+}
+
+constexpr
+ATTR usp_to_attr(SP sp)
+{
+    return ATTR(uint16_t(sp) - uint16_t(SP::USTR));
+}
+
+constexpr
+SP sp_to_usp(SP sp)
+{
+    return attr_to_usp(sp_to_attr(sp));
+}
+
+constexpr
+SP usp_to_sp(SP sp)
+{
+    return attr_to_sp(usp_to_attr(sp));
+}
+
+
+enum class LOOK : uint8_t
+{
+    BASE            = 0,
+    HAIR            = 1,
+    WEAPON          = 2,
+    HEAD_BOTTOM     = 3,
+    HEAD_TOP        = 4,
+    HEAD_MID        = 5,
+    HAIR_COLOR      = 6,
+    CLOTHES_COLOR   = 7,
+    SHIELD          = 8,
+    SHOES           = 9,
+    GLOVES          = 10,
+    CAPE            = 11,
+    MISC1           = 12,
+    MISC2           = 13,
+
+    COUNT,
+};
+
+enum class EQUIP
+{
+    NONE    = -1,
+    MISC2   = 0,
+    CAPE    = 1,
+    SHOES   = 2,
+    GLOVES  = 3,
+    LEGS    = 4, // also called "head bottom"
+    TORSO   = 5, // also called "head middle"
+    HAT     = 6, // also called "head top"
+    MISC1   = 7,
+    SHIELD  = 8,
+    WEAPON  = 9,
+    ARROW   = 10,
+    COUNT   = 11,
+};
+
+constexpr
+EQUIP EQUIPs[] =
+{
+    EQUIP::MISC2,
+    EQUIP::CAPE,
+    EQUIP::SHOES,
+    EQUIP::GLOVES,
+    EQUIP::LEGS,
+    EQUIP::TORSO,
+    EQUIP::HAT,
+    EQUIP::MISC1,
+    EQUIP::SHIELD,
+    EQUIP::WEAPON,
+    EQUIP::ARROW,
+};
+
+constexpr
+EQUIP EQUIPs_noarrow[] =
+{
+    EQUIP::MISC2,
+    EQUIP::CAPE,
+    EQUIP::SHOES,
+    EQUIP::GLOVES,
+    EQUIP::LEGS,
+    EQUIP::TORSO,
+    EQUIP::HAT,
+    EQUIP::MISC1,
+    EQUIP::SHIELD,
+    EQUIP::WEAPON,
+};
+
+enum class ItemType : uint8_t
+{
+    USE     = 0,    // in eA, healing only
+    _1      = 1,    // unused
+    _2      = 2,    // in eA, other usable items
+    JUNK    = 3,    // "useless" items (e.g. quests)
+    WEAPON  = 4,    // all weapons
+    ARMOR   = 5,    // all other equipment
+    _6      = 6,    // in eA, card
+    _7      = 7,    // in eA, pet egg
+    _8      = 8,    // in eA, pet equipment
+    _9      = 9,    // unused
+    ARROW   = 10,   // ammo
+    _11     = 11,   // in eA, delayed use (special script)
+};
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class MobMode : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO                        = 0x0000,
+
+    CAN_MOVE                    = 0x0001,
+    LOOTER                      = 0x0002,
+    AGGRESSIVE                  = 0x0004,
+    ASSIST                      = 0x0008,
+
+    CAST_SENSOR                 = 0x0010,
+    BOSS                        = 0x0020,
+    // sometimes also called "robust"
+    PLANT                       = 0x0040,
+    CAN_ATTACK                  = 0x0080,
+
+    DETECTOR                    = 0x0100,
+    CHANGE_TARGET               = 0x0200,
+
+    war                         = CAN_MOVE | AGGRESSIVE | CAN_ATTACK,
+
+    SUMMONED                    = 0x1000,
+    TURNS_AGAINST_BAD_MASTER    = 0x2000,
+
+    // mob mode flags that Fate actually understood
+    SENSIBLE_MASK               = 0xf000,
+};
+
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(MobMode)
+}
+using e::MobMode;
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class MapCell : uint8_t
+{
+    // the usual thing
+    UNWALKABLE  = 0x01,
+    // not in tmwa data
+    _range      = 0x04,
+    // set in code, not imported
+    NPC_NEAR    = 0x80,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(MapCell)
+}
+using e::MapCell;
+
+#endif // MAP_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/mob.cpp b/src/map/mob.cpp
index c329a14..be9e71d 100644
--- a/src/map/mob.cpp
+++ b/src/map/mob.cpp
@@ -1,39 +1,36 @@
-// $Id: mob.c,v 1.7 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "mob.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+
+#include "battle.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include "skill.hpp"
-#include "battle.hpp"
-#include "party.hpp"
+#include "map.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
+#include "party.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
+#include "skill.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-#ifndef max
-#define max( a, b ) ( ((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b) )
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#define MIN_MOBTHINKTIME 100
+constexpr interval_t MIN_MOBTHINKTIME = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
 
-#define MOB_LAZYMOVEPERC 50     // Move probability in the negligent mode MOB (rate of 1000 minute)
-#define MOB_LAZYWARPPERC 20     // Warp probability in the negligent mode MOB (rate of 1000 minute)
+// Move probability in the negligent mode MOB (rate of 1000 minute)
+constexpr random_::Fraction MOB_LAZYMOVEPERC {50, 1000};
+// Warp probability in the negligent mode MOB (rate of 1000 minute)
+constexpr random_::Fraction MOB_LAZYWARPPERC {20, 1000};
 
 struct mob_db mob_db[2001];
 
@@ -41,29 +38,30 @@ struct mob_db mob_db[2001];
  * Local prototype declaration   (only required thing)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int distance (int, int, int, int);
-static int mob_makedummymobdb (int);
-static void mob_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-int  mobskill_deltimer (struct mob_data *md);
-int  mob_skillid2skillidx (int mob_class, int skillid);
-int  mobskill_use_id (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
-                      int skill_idx);
-static int mob_unlocktarget (struct mob_data *md, int tick);
+static
+int distance(int, int, int, int);
+static
+int mob_makedummymobdb(int);
+static
+void mob_timer(TimerData *, tick_t, int, unsigned char);
+static
+int mobskill_use_id(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
+        int skill_idx);
 
 /*==========================================
  * Mob is searched with a name.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mobdb_searchname (const char *str)
+int mobdb_searchname(const char *str)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof (mob_db) / sizeof (mob_db[0]); i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(mob_db) / sizeof(mob_db[0]); i++)
     {
-        if (strcasecmp (mob_db[i].name, str) == 0
-            || strcmp (mob_db[i].jname, str) == 0
-            || memcmp (mob_db[i].name, str, 24) == 0
-            || memcmp (mob_db[i].jname, str, 24) == 0)
+        if (strcasecmp(mob_db[i].name, str) == 0
+            || strcmp(mob_db[i].jname, str) == 0
+            || memcmp(mob_db[i].name, str, 24) == 0
+            || memcmp(mob_db[i].jname, str, 24) == 0)
             return i;
     }
 
@@ -74,45 +72,46 @@ int mobdb_searchname (const char *str)
  * Id Mob is checked.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mobdb_checkid (const int id)
+int mobdb_checkid(const int id)
 {
-    if (id <= 0 || id >= (sizeof (mob_db) / sizeof (mob_db[0]))
+    if (id <= 0 || id >= (sizeof(mob_db) / sizeof(mob_db[0]))
         || mob_db[id].name[0] == '\0')
         return 0;
 
     return id;
 }
 
-static void mob_init (struct mob_data *md);
+static
+void mob_init(struct mob_data *md);
 
 /*==========================================
  * The minimum data set for MOB spawning
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_spawn_dataset (struct mob_data *md, const char *mobname, int mob_class)
+int mob_spawn_dataset(struct mob_data *md, const char *mobname, int mob_class)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (strcmp (mobname, "--en--") == 0)
-        memcpy (md->name, mob_db[mob_class].name, 24);
-    else if (strcmp (mobname, "--ja--") == 0)
-        memcpy (md->name, mob_db[mob_class].jname, 24);
+    if (strcmp(mobname, "--en--") == 0)
+        memcpy(md->name, mob_db[mob_class].name, 24);
+    else if (strcmp(mobname, "--ja--") == 0)
+        memcpy(md->name, mob_db[mob_class].jname, 24);
     else
-        memcpy (md->name, mobname, 24);
+        memcpy(md->name, mobname, 24);
 
     md->bl.prev = NULL;
     md->bl.next = NULL;
     md->n = 0;
-    md->base_class = md->mob_class = mob_class;
-    md->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id ();
+    md->mob_class = mob_class;
+    md->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id();
 
-    memset (&md->state, 0, sizeof (md->state));
-    md->timer = -1;
+    memset(&md->state, 0, sizeof(md->state));
+    // md->timer = nullptr;
     md->target_id = 0;
     md->attacked_id = 0;
 
-    mob_init (md);
+    mob_init(md);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -120,41 +119,45 @@ int mob_spawn_dataset (struct mob_data *md, const char *mobname, int mob_class)
 // Mutation values indicate how `valuable' a change to each stat is, XP wise.
 // For one 256th of change, we give out that many 1024th fractions of XP change
 // (i.e., 1024 means a 100% XP increase for a single point of adjustment, 4 means 100% XP bonus for doubling the value)
-static int mutation_value[MOB_XP_BONUS] = {
-    2,                          // MOB_LV
-    3,                          // MOB_MAX_HP
-    1,                          // MOB_STR
-    2,                          // MOB_AGI
-    1,                          // MOB_VIT
-    0,                          // MOB_INT
-    2,                          // MOB_DEX
-    2,                          // MOB_LUK
-    1,                          // MOB_ATK1
-    1,                          // MOB_ATK2
-    2,                          // MOB_ADELAY
-    2,                          // MOB_DEF
-    2,                          // MOB_MDEF
-    2,                          // MOB_SPEED
-};
+static
+earray<int, mob_stat, mob_stat::XP_BONUS> mutation_value //=
+{{
+    2,                          // mob_stat::LV
+    3,                          // mob_stat::MAX_HP
+    1,                          // mob_stat::STR
+    2,                          // mob_stat::AGI
+    1,                          // mob_stat::VIT
+    0,                          // mob_stat::INT
+    2,                          // mob_stat::DEX
+    2,                          // mob_stat::LUK
+    1,                          // mob_stat::ATK1
+    1,                          // mob_stat::ATK2
+    2,                          // mob_stat::ADELAY
+    2,                          // mob_stat::DEF
+    2,                          // mob_stat::MDEF
+    2,                          // mob_stat::SPEED
+}};
 
 // The mutation scale indicates how far `up' we can go, with 256 indicating 100%  Note that this may stack with multiple
 // calls to `mutate'.
-static int mutation_scale[MOB_XP_BONUS] = {
-    16,                         // MOB_LV
-    256,                        // MOB_MAX_HP
-    32,                         // MOB_STR
-    48,                         // MOB_AGI
-    48,                         // MOB_VIT
-    48,                         // MOB_INT
-    48,                         // MOB_DEX
-    64,                         // MOB_LUK
-    48,                         // MOB_ATK1
-    48,                         // MOB_ATK2
-    80,                         // MOB_ADELAY
-    48,                         // MOB_DEF
-    48,                         // MOB_MDEF
-    80,                         // MOB_SPEED
-};
+static
+earray<int, mob_stat, mob_stat::XP_BONUS> mutation_scale //=
+{{
+    16,                         // mob_stat::LV
+    256,                        // mob_stat::MAX_HP
+    32,                         // mob_stat::STR
+    48,                         // mob_stat::AGI
+    48,                         // mob_stat::VIT
+    48,                         // mob_stat::INT
+    48,                         // mob_stat::DEX
+    64,                         // mob_stat::LUK
+    48,                         // mob_stat::ATK1
+    48,                         // mob_stat::ATK2
+    80,                         // mob_stat::ADELAY
+    48,                         // mob_stat::DEF
+    48,                         // mob_stat::MDEF
+    80,                         // mob_stat::SPEED
+}};
 
 // The table below indicates the `average' value for each of the statistics, or -1 if there is none.
 // This average is used to determine XP modifications for mutations.  The experience point bonus is
@@ -163,54 +166,58 @@ static int mutation_scale[MOB_XP_BONUS] = {
 // (2) second, determine the absolute stat change
 // (3) third, compute the percentage stat change relative to mutation_base (p1)
 // (4) fourth, compute the XP mofication based on the smaller of (p0, p1).
-static int mutation_base[MOB_XP_BONUS] = {
-    30,                         // MOB_LV
-    -1,                         // MOB_MAX_HP
-    20,                         // MOB_STR
-    20,                         // MOB_AGI
-    20,                         // MOB_VIT
-    20,                         // MOB_INT
-    20,                         // MOB_DEX
-    20,                         // MOB_LUK
-    -1,                         // MOB_ATK1
-    -1,                         // MOB_ATK2
-    -1,                         // MOB_ADELAY
-    -1,                         // MOB_DEF
-    20,                         // MOB_MDEF
-    -1,                         // MOB_SPEED
-};
+static
+earray<int, mob_stat, mob_stat::XP_BONUS> mutation_base //=
+{{
+    30,                         // mob_stat::LV
+    -1,                         // mob_stat::MAX_HP
+    20,                         // mob_stat::STR
+    20,                         // mob_stat::AGI
+    20,                         // mob_stat::VIT
+    20,                         // mob_stat::INT
+    20,                         // mob_stat::DEX
+    20,                         // mob_stat::LUK
+    -1,                         // mob_stat::ATK1
+    -1,                         // mob_stat::ATK2
+    -1,                         // mob_stat::ADELAY
+    -1,                         // mob_stat::DEF
+    20,                         // mob_stat::MDEF
+    -1,                         // mob_stat::SPEED
+}};
 
 /*========================================
  * Mutates a MOB.  For large `direction' values, calling this multiple times will give bigger XP boni.
  *----------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_mutate (struct mob_data *md, int stat, int intensity)   // intensity: positive: strengthen, negative: weaken.  256 = 100%.
+// intensity: positive: strengthen, negative: weaken.  256 = 100%.
+static
+void mob_mutate(struct mob_data *md, mob_stat stat, int intensity)
 {
-    int  old_stat;
-    int  new_stat;
-    int  real_intensity;        // relative intensity
+    int old_stat;
+    int new_stat;
+    int real_intensity;        // relative intensity
     const int mut_base = mutation_base[stat];
-    int  sign = 1;
+    int sign = 1;
 
-    if (!md || stat < 0 || stat >= MOB_XP_BONUS || intensity == 0)
+    if (!md || stat >= mob_stat::XP_BONUS || intensity == 0)
         return;
 
     while (intensity > mutation_scale[stat])
     {
-        mob_mutate (md, stat, mutation_scale[stat]);    // give better XP assignments
+        mob_mutate(md, stat, mutation_scale[stat]);    // give better XP assignments
         intensity -= mutation_scale[stat];
     }
     while (intensity < -mutation_scale[stat])
     {
-        mob_mutate (md, stat, mutation_scale[stat]);    // give better XP assignments
+        mob_mutate(md, stat, mutation_scale[stat]);    // give better XP assignments
         intensity += mutation_scale[stat];
     }
 
     if (!intensity)
         return;
 
-    // MOB_ADELAY and MOB_SPEED are special because going DOWN is good here.
-    if (stat == MOB_ADELAY || stat == MOB_SPEED)
+    // mob_stat::ADELAY and mob_stat::SPEED are special because going DOWN is good here.
+    if (stat == mob_stat::ADELAY || stat == mob_stat::SPEED)
         sign = -1;
 
     // Now compute the new stat
@@ -229,7 +236,7 @@ static void mob_mutate (struct mob_data *md, int stat, int intensity)   // inten
     {
         // Now compute the mutation intensity relative to an absolute value.
         // Take the lesser of the two effects.
-        int  real_intensity2 = (((new_stat - old_stat) << 8) / mut_base);
+        int real_intensity2 = (((new_stat - old_stat) << 8) / mut_base);
 
         if (real_intensity < 0)
             if (real_intensity2 > real_intensity)
@@ -245,22 +252,22 @@ static void mob_mutate (struct mob_data *md, int stat, int intensity)   // inten
     md->stats[stat] = new_stat;
 
     // Adjust XP value
-    md->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS] += mutation_value[stat] * real_intensity;
-    if (md->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS] <= 0)
-        md->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS] = 1;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::XP_BONUS] += mutation_value[stat] * real_intensity;
+    if (md->stats[mob_stat::XP_BONUS] <= 0)
+        md->stats[mob_stat::XP_BONUS] = 1;
 
     // Sanitise
-    if (md->stats[MOB_ATK1] > md->stats[MOB_ATK2])
+    if (md->stats[mob_stat::ATK1] > md->stats[mob_stat::ATK2])
     {
-        int  swap = md->stats[MOB_ATK2];
-        md->stats[MOB_ATK2] = md->stats[MOB_ATK1];
-        md->stats[MOB_ATK1] = swap;
+        int swap = md->stats[mob_stat::ATK2];
+        md->stats[mob_stat::ATK2] = md->stats[mob_stat::ATK1];
+        md->stats[mob_stat::ATK1] = swap;
     }
 }
 
 // This calculates the exp of a given mob
 static
-int mob_gen_exp (struct mob_db *mob)
+int mob_gen_exp(struct mob_db *mob)
 {
     if (mob->max_hp <= 1)
         return 1;
@@ -268,70 +275,90 @@ int mob_gen_exp (struct mob_db *mob)
     if (100 == mob->def)
         mod_def = 1;
     double effective_hp =
-        ((50 - mob->luk) * mob->max_hp / 50.0) +
-        (2 * mob->luk * mob->max_hp / mod_def);
+        ((50 - mob->attrs[ATTR::LUK]) * mob->max_hp / 50.0) +
+        (2 * mob->attrs[ATTR::LUK] * mob->max_hp / mod_def);
     double attack_factor =
-        (mob->atk1 + mob->atk2 + mob->str / 3.0 + mob->dex / 2.0 +
-         mob->luk) * (1872.0 / mob->adelay) / 4;
+        (mob->atk1 + mob->atk2 + mob->attrs[ATTR::STR] / 3.0 + mob->attrs[ATTR::DEX] / 2.0 +
+         mob->attrs[ATTR::LUK]) * (1872.0 / mob->adelay) / 4;
     double dodge_factor =
-        pow (mob->lv + mob->agi + mob->luk / 2.0, 4.0 / 3.0);
+        pow(mob->lv + mob->attrs[ATTR::AGI] + mob->attrs[ATTR::LUK] / 2.0, 4.0 / 3.0);
+    // TODO s/persuit/pursuit/g sometime when I'm not worried about diffs
     double persuit_factor =
-        (3 + mob->range) * (mob->mode % 2) * 1000 / mob->speed;
-    double aggression_factor = (mob->mode & 4) == 4 ? 10.0 / 9.0 : 1.0;
-    int  xp =
-        (int) floor (effective_hp *
-                     pow (sqrt (attack_factor) + sqrt (dodge_factor) +
-                          sqrt (persuit_factor) + 55,
+        (3 + mob->range) * bool(mob->mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE) * 1000 / mob->speed;
+    double aggression_factor =
+        bool(mob->mode & MobMode::AGGRESSIVE)
+        ? 10.0 / 9.0
+        : 1.0;
+    int xp =
+        (int) floor(effective_hp *
+                     pow(sqrt(attack_factor) + sqrt(dodge_factor) +
+                          sqrt(persuit_factor) + 55,
                           3) * aggression_factor / 2000000.0 *
                      (double) battle_config.base_exp_rate / 100.);
     if (xp < 1)
         xp = 1;
-    printf ("Exp for mob '%s' generated: %d\n", mob->name, xp);
+    PRINTF("Exp for mob '%s' generated: %d\n", mob->name, xp);
     return xp;
 }
 
-static void mob_init (struct mob_data *md)
+static
+void mob_init(struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     const int mob_class = md->mob_class;
     const int mutations_nr = mob_db[mob_class].mutations_nr;
     const int mutation_power = mob_db[mob_class].mutation_power;
 
-    md->stats[MOB_LV] = mob_db[mob_class].lv;
-    md->stats[MOB_MAX_HP] = mob_db[mob_class].max_hp;
-    md->stats[MOB_STR] = mob_db[mob_class].str;
-    md->stats[MOB_AGI] = mob_db[mob_class].agi;
-    md->stats[MOB_VIT] = mob_db[mob_class].vit;
-    md->stats[MOB_INT] = mob_db[mob_class].int_;
-    md->stats[MOB_DEX] = mob_db[mob_class].dex;
-    md->stats[MOB_LUK] = mob_db[mob_class].luk;
-    md->stats[MOB_ATK1] = mob_db[mob_class].atk1;
-    md->stats[MOB_ATK2] = mob_db[mob_class].atk2;
-    md->stats[MOB_ADELAY] = mob_db[mob_class].adelay;
-    md->stats[MOB_DEF] = mob_db[mob_class].def;
-    md->stats[MOB_MDEF] = mob_db[mob_class].mdef;
-    md->stats[MOB_SPEED] = mob_db[mob_class].speed;
-    md->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS] = MOB_XP_BONUS_BASE;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::LV] = mob_db[mob_class].lv;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::MAX_HP] = mob_db[mob_class].max_hp;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::STR] = mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::STR];
+    md->stats[mob_stat::AGI] = mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::AGI];
+    md->stats[mob_stat::VIT] = mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::VIT];
+    md->stats[mob_stat::INT] = mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::INT];
+    md->stats[mob_stat::DEX] = mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::DEX];
+    md->stats[mob_stat::LUK] = mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::LUK];
+    md->stats[mob_stat::ATK1] = mob_db[mob_class].atk1;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::ATK2] = mob_db[mob_class].atk2;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::ADELAY] = mob_db[mob_class].adelay;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::DEF] = mob_db[mob_class].def;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::MDEF] = mob_db[mob_class].mdef;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::SPEED] = mob_db[mob_class].speed;
+    md->stats[mob_stat::XP_BONUS] = MOB_XP_BONUS_BASE;
 
     for (i = 0; i < mutations_nr; i++)
     {
-        int  stat_nr = MRAND (MOB_XP_BONUS + 1);
-        int  strength;
-
-        if (stat_nr >= MOB_XP_BONUS)
-            stat_nr = MOB_MAX_HP;
-
-        strength =
-            ((MRAND ((mutation_power >> 1)) +
-              (MRAND ((mutation_power >> 1))) +
-              2) * mutation_scale[stat_nr]) / 100;
-
-        strength = MRAND (2) ? strength : -strength;
+        mob_stat stat_nr = random_::choice({
+            mob_stat::LV,
+            mob_stat::MAX_HP,
+            mob_stat::STR,
+            mob_stat::AGI,
+            mob_stat::VIT,
+            mob_stat::INT,
+            mob_stat::DEX,
+            mob_stat::LUK,
+            mob_stat::ATK1,
+            mob_stat::ATK2,
+            mob_stat::ADELAY,
+            mob_stat::DEF,
+            mob_stat::MDEF,
+            mob_stat::SPEED,
+            // double chance to modify hp
+            mob_stat::MAX_HP,
+        });
+        // TODO: if I don't remove this entirely, look into
+        // normal distributions.
+        int strength = (random_::to(mutation_power / 2)
+                + random_::to(mutation_power / 2)
+                + 2)
+            * mutation_scale[stat_nr] / 100;
+
+        if (random_::coin())
+            strength = -strength;
 
         if (strength < -240)
             strength = -240;    /* Don't go too close to zero */
 
-        mob_mutate (md, stat_nr, strength);
+        mob_mutate(md, stat_nr, strength);
     }
 }
 
@@ -339,53 +366,21 @@ static void mob_init (struct mob_data *md)
  * The MOB appearance for one time (for scripts)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_once_spawn (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
+int mob_once_spawn(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
                     int x, int y, const char *mobname, int mob_class, int amount,
                     const char *event)
 {
     struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    int  m, count, lv = 255, r = mob_class;
-
-    if (sd)
-        lv = sd->status.base_level;
+    int m, count, r = mob_class;
 
-    if (sd && strcmp (mapname, "this") == 0)
+    if (sd && strcmp(mapname, "this") == 0)
         m = sd->bl.m;
     else
-        m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+        m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
 
     if (m < 0 || amount <= 0 || (mob_class >= 0 && mob_class <= 1000) || mob_class > 2000)  // 値�異常�ら�喚を止�る
         return 0;
 
-    if (mob_class < 0)
-    {                           // ランダム��喚
-        int  i = 0;
-        int  j = -mob_class - 1;
-        int  k;
-        if (j >= 0 && j < MAX_RANDOMMONSTER)
-        {
-            do
-            {
-                mob_class = MPRAND (1001, 1000);
-                k = MRAND (1000000);
-            }
-            while ((mob_db[mob_class].max_hp <= 0
-                    || mob_db[mob_class].summonper[j] <= k
-                    || (lv < mob_db[mob_class].lv
-                        && battle_config.random_monster_checklv == 1))
-                   && (i++) < 2000);
-            if (i >= 2000)
-            {
-                mob_class = mob_db[0].summonper[j];
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-//      if(battle_config.etc_log==1)
-//          printf("mobmob_class=%d try=%d\n",mob_class,i);
-    }
     if (sd)
     {
         if (x <= 0)
@@ -395,48 +390,38 @@ int mob_once_spawn (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
     }
     else if (x <= 0 || y <= 0)
     {
-        printf ("mob_once_spawn: ??\n");
+        PRINTF("mob_once_spawn: ??\n");
     }
 
     for (count = 0; count < amount; count++)
     {
-        md = (struct mob_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct mob_data));
-        if (mob_db[mob_class].mode & 0x02)
+        md = (struct mob_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct mob_data));
+        if (bool(mob_db[mob_class].mode & MobMode::LOOTER))
             md->lootitem =
-                (struct item *) calloc (LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof (struct item));
+                (struct item *) calloc(LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof(struct item));
         else
             md->lootitem = NULL;
 
-        mob_spawn_dataset (md, mobname, mob_class);
+        mob_spawn_dataset(md, mobname, mob_class);
         md->bl.m = m;
         md->bl.x = x;
         md->bl.y = y;
         if (r < 0 && battle_config.dead_branch_active == 1)
-            md->mode = 0x1 + 0x4 + 0x80;    //移動��アクティブ��撃�る
+            //移動��アクティブ��撃�る
+            md->mode = MobMode::war;
         md->m = m;
         md->x0 = x;
         md->y0 = y;
         md->xs = 0;
         md->ys = 0;
-        md->spawndelay1 = -1;   // Only once is a flag.
-        md->spawndelay2 = -1;   // Only once is a flag.
-
-        memcpy (md->npc_event, event, sizeof (md->npc_event));
+        md->spawndelay1 = static_cast<interval_t>(-1);   // Only once is a flag.
+        md->spawndelay2 = static_cast<interval_t>(-1);   // Only once is a flag.
 
-        md->bl.type = BL_MOB;
-        map_addiddb (&md->bl);
-        mob_spawn (md->bl.id);
-
-        if (mob_class == 1288)
-        {                       // emperium hp based on defense level [Valaris]
-            struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[md->bl.m].name);
-            if (gc)
-            {
-                mob_db[mob_class].max_hp += 2000 * gc->defense;
-                md->hp = mob_db[mob_class].max_hp;
-            }
-        }                       // end addition [Valaris]
+        memcpy(md->npc_event, event, sizeof(md->npc_event));
 
+        md->bl.type = BL::MOB;
+        map_addiddb(&md->bl);
+        mob_spawn(md->bl.id);
     }
     return (amount > 0) ? md->bl.id : 0;
 }
@@ -445,18 +430,18 @@ int mob_once_spawn (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
  * The MOB appearance for one time (& area specification for scripts)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_once_spawn_area (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
+int mob_once_spawn_area(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
                          int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1,
                          const char *mobname, int mob_class, int amount,
                          const char *event)
 {
-    int  x, y, i, c, max, lx = -1, ly = -1, id = 0;
-    int  m;
+    int x, y, i, max, lx = -1, ly = -1, id = 0;
+    int m;
 
-    if (strcmp (mapname, "this") == 0)
+    if (strcmp(mapname, "this") == 0)
         m = sd->bl.m;
     else
-        m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+        m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
 
     max = (y1 - y0 + 1) * (x1 - x0 + 1) * 3;
     if (max > 1000)
@@ -467,13 +452,14 @@ int mob_once_spawn_area (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
 
     for (i = 0; i < amount; i++)
     {
-        int  j = 0;
+        int j = 0;
         do
         {
-            x = MPRAND (x0, (x1 - x0 + 1));
-            y = MPRAND (y0, (y1 - y0 + 1));
+            x = random_::in(x0, x1);
+            y = random_::in(y0, y1);
         }
-        while (((c = map_getcell (m, x, y)) == 1 || c == 5) && (++j) < max);
+        while (bool(map_getcell(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE)
+             && (++j) < max);
         if (j >= max)
         {
             if (lx >= 0)
@@ -484,178 +470,60 @@ int mob_once_spawn_area (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
             else
                 return 0;       // Since reference of the place which boils first went wrong, it stops.
         }
-        id = mob_once_spawn (sd, mapname, x, y, mobname, mob_class, 1, event);
+        id = mob_once_spawn(sd, mapname, x, y, mobname, mob_class, 1, event);
         lx = x;
         ly = y;
     }
     return id;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * Summoning Guardians [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int mob_spawn_guardian (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
-                        int x, int y, const char *mobname, int mob_class,
-                        int amount, const char *event, int guardian)
-{
-    struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    int  m, count = 1, lv = 255;
-
-    if (sd)
-        lv = sd->status.base_level;
-
-    if (sd && strcmp (mapname, "this") == 0)
-        m = sd->bl.m;
-    else
-        m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
-
-    if (m < 0 || amount <= 0 || (mob_class >= 0 && mob_class <= 1000) || mob_class > 2000)  // 値�異常�ら�喚を止�る
-        return 0;
-
-    if (mob_class < 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd)
-    {
-        if (x <= 0)
-            x = sd->bl.x;
-        if (y <= 0)
-            y = sd->bl.y;
-    }
-
-    else if (x <= 0 || y <= 0)
-        printf ("mob_spawn_guardian: ??\n");
-
-    for (count = 0; count < amount; count++)
-    {
-        struct guild_castle *gc;
-        CREATE (md, struct mob_data, 1);
-
-        mob_spawn_dataset (md, mobname, mob_class);
-        md->bl.m = m;
-        md->bl.x = x;
-        md->bl.y = y;
-        md->m = m;
-        md->x0 = x;
-        md->y0 = y;
-        md->xs = 0;
-        md->ys = 0;
-        md->spawndelay1 = -1;   // Only once is a flag.
-        md->spawndelay2 = -1;   // Only once is a flag.
-
-        memcpy (md->npc_event, event, sizeof (md->npc_event));
-
-        md->bl.type = BL_MOB;
-        map_addiddb (&md->bl);
-        mob_spawn (md->bl.id);
-
-        gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[md->bl.m].name);
-        if (gc)
-        {
-            mob_db[mob_class].max_hp += 2000 * gc->defense;
-            if (guardian == 0)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp0;
-                gc->GID0 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 1)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp1;
-                gc->GID1 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 2)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp2;
-                gc->GID2 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 3)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp3;
-                gc->GID3 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 4)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp4;
-                gc->GID4 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 5)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp5;
-                gc->GID5 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 6)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp6;
-                gc->GID6 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-            if (guardian == 7)
-            {
-                md->hp = gc->Ghp7;
-                gc->GID7 = md->bl.id;
-            }
-
-        }
-    }
-
-    return (amount > 0) ? md->bl.id : 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Appearance income of mob
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int mob_get_viewclass (int mob_class)
-{
-    return mob_db[mob_class].view_class;
-}
-
-int mob_get_sex (int mob_class)
+// TODO: deprecate these
+int mob_get_sex(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].sex;
 }
 
-short mob_get_hair (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_hair(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].hair;
 }
 
-short mob_get_hair_color (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_hair_color(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].hair_color;
 }
 
-short mob_get_weapon (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_weapon(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].weapon;
 }
 
-short mob_get_shield (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_shield(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].shield;
 }
 
-short mob_get_head_top (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_head_top(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].head_top;
 }
 
-short mob_get_head_mid (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_head_mid(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].head_mid;
 }
 
-short mob_get_head_buttom (int mob_class)
+short mob_get_head_buttom(int mob_class)
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].head_buttom;
 }
 
-short mob_get_clothes_color (int mob_class) // Add for player monster dye - Valaris
+short mob_get_clothes_color(int mob_class) // Add for player monster dye - Valaris
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].clothes_color; // End
 }
 
-int mob_get_equip (int mob_class)   // mob equip [Valaris]
+int mob_get_equip(int mob_class)   // mob equip [Valaris]
 {
     return mob_db[mob_class].equip;
 }
@@ -665,19 +533,12 @@ int mob_get_equip (int mob_class)   // mob equip [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_can_move (struct mob_data *md)
+int mob_can_move(struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (md->canmove_tick > gettick () || (md->opt1 > 0 && md->opt1 != 6)
-        || md->option & 2)
-        return 0;
-    // アンクル中�動�����
-    if (md->sc_data[SC_ANKLE].timer != -1 ||    //アンクルス�ア
-        md->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 ||  //オートカウンター
-        md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1 ||    //白刃�り
-        md->sc_data[SC_SPIDERWEB].timer != -1   //スパイダーウェッブ
-        )
+    if (md->canmove_tick > gettick()
+        || (bool(md->opt1) && md->opt1 != Opt1::_stone6))
         return 0;
 
     return 1;
@@ -687,34 +548,34 @@ int mob_can_move (struct mob_data *md)
  * Time calculation concerning one step next to mob
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int calc_next_walk_step (struct mob_data *md)
+static
+interval_t calc_next_walk_step(struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), md);
 
     if (md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len)
-        return -1;
-    if (md->walkpath.path[md->walkpath.path_pos] & 1)
-        return battle_get_speed (&md->bl) * 14 / 10;
-    return battle_get_speed (&md->bl);
+        return static_cast<interval_t>(-1);
+    if (dir_is_diagonal(md->walkpath.path[md->walkpath.path_pos]))
+        return battle_get_speed(&md->bl) * 14 / 10;
+    return battle_get_speed(&md->bl);
 }
 
-static int mob_walktoxy_sub (struct mob_data *md);
+static
+int mob_walktoxy_sub(struct mob_data *md);
 
 /*==========================================
  * Mob Walk processing
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_walk (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int data)
+static
+int mob_walk(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick, unsigned char data)
 {
-    int  moveblock;
-    int  i, ctype;
-    static int dirx[8] = { 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
-    static int diry[8] = { 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1 };
-    int  x, y, dx, dy;
+    int moveblock;
+    int x, y, dx, dy;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    md->state.state = MS_IDLE;
+    md->state.state = MS::IDLE;
     if (md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len
         || md->walkpath.path_pos != data)
         return 0;
@@ -725,41 +586,41 @@ static int mob_walk (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int data)
         md->walkpath.path_pos++;
         if (md->state.change_walk_target)
         {
-            mob_walktoxy_sub (md);
+            mob_walktoxy_sub(md);
             return 0;
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        if (md->walkpath.path[md->walkpath.path_pos] >= 8)
+        if (md->walkpath.path[md->walkpath.path_pos] >= DIR::COUNT)
             return 1;
 
         x = md->bl.x;
         y = md->bl.y;
-        ctype = map_getcell (md->bl.m, x, y);
-        if (ctype == 1 || ctype == 5)
+        if (bool(map_getcell(md->bl.m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
         {
-            mob_stop_walking (md, 1);
+            mob_stop_walking(md, 1);
             return 0;
         }
         md->dir = md->walkpath.path[md->walkpath.path_pos];
         dx = dirx[md->dir];
         dy = diry[md->dir];
 
-        ctype = map_getcell (md->bl.m, x + dx, y + dy);
-        if (ctype == 1 || ctype == 5)
+        if (bool(map_getcell(md->bl.m, x + dx, y + dy)
+                & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
         {
-            mob_walktoxy_sub (md);
+            mob_walktoxy_sub(md);
             return 0;
         }
 
         moveblock = (x / BLOCK_SIZE != (x + dx) / BLOCK_SIZE
                      || y / BLOCK_SIZE != (y + dy) / BLOCK_SIZE);
 
-        md->state.state = MS_WALK;
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_moboutsight, md->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               y - AREA_SIZE, x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
-                               dx, dy, BL_PC, md);
+        md->state.state = MS::WALK;
+        map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(clif_moboutsight, ph::_1, md),
+                md->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
+                x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
+                dx, dy, BL::PC);
 
         x += dx;
         y += dy;
@@ -767,33 +628,31 @@ static int mob_walk (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int data)
             md->min_chase--;
 
         if (moveblock)
-            map_delblock (&md->bl);
+            map_delblock(&md->bl);
         md->bl.x = x;
         md->bl.y = y;
         if (moveblock)
-            map_addblock (&md->bl);
-
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_mobinsight, md->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               y - AREA_SIZE, x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
-                               -dx, -dy, BL_PC, md);
-        md->state.state = MS_IDLE;
+            map_addblock(&md->bl);
 
-        if (md->option & 4)
-            skill_check_cloaking (&md->bl);
-
-        skill_unit_move (&md->bl, tick, 1); // Inspection of a skill unit
+        map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(clif_mobinsight, ph::_1, md),
+                md->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
+                x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
+                -dx, -dy, BL::PC);
+        md->state.state = MS::IDLE;
     }
-    if ((i = calc_next_walk_step (md)) > 0)
+    interval_t i = calc_next_walk_step(md);
+    if (i > interval_t::zero())
     {
-        i = i >> 1;
-        if (i < 1 && md->walkpath.path_half == 0)
-            i = 1;
-        md->timer =
-            add_timer (tick + i, mob_timer, md->bl.id, md->walkpath.path_pos);
-        md->state.state = MS_WALK;
+        i = i / 2;
+        if (md->walkpath.path_half == 0)
+            i = std::max(i, std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+        md->timer = Timer(tick + i,
+                std::bind(mob_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    md->bl.id, md->walkpath.path_pos));
+        md->state.state = MS::WALK;
 
         if (md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len)
-            clif_fixmobpos (md);    // When mob stops, retransmission current of a position.
+            clif_fixmobpos(md);    // When mob stops, retransmission current of a position.
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -802,152 +661,145 @@ static int mob_walk (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int data)
  * Check if mob should be attempting to attack
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_check_attack (struct mob_data *md)
+static
+int mob_check_attack(struct mob_data *md)
 {
     struct block_list *tbl = NULL;
     struct map_session_data *tsd = NULL;
     struct mob_data *tmd = NULL;
 
-    int  mode, race, range;
+    MobMode mode;
+    int range;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
     md->min_chase = 13;
-    md->state.state = MS_IDLE;
-    md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
+    md->state.state = MS::IDLE;
+    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_IDLE;
 
-    if (md->skilltimer != -1)
+    if (md->skilltimer)
         return 0;
 
-    if (md->opt1 > 0 || md->option & 2)
+    if (bool(md->opt1))
         return 0;
 
-    if (md->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((tbl = map_id2bl (md->target_id)) == NULL)
+    if ((tbl = map_id2bl(md->target_id)) == NULL)
     {
         md->target_id = 0;
-        md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+        md->state.attackable = false;
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (tbl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (tbl->type == BL::PC)
         tsd = (struct map_session_data *) tbl;
-    else if (tbl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (tbl->type == BL::MOB)
         tmd = (struct mob_data *) tbl;
     else
         return 0;
 
     if (tsd)
     {
-        if (pc_isdead (tsd) || tsd->invincible_timer != -1
-            || pc_isinvisible (tsd) || md->bl.m != tbl->m || tbl->prev == NULL
-            || distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x, tbl->y) >= 13)
+        if (pc_isdead(tsd) || tsd->invincible_timer
+            || pc_isinvisible(tsd) || md->bl.m != tbl->m || tbl->prev == NULL
+            || distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x, tbl->y) >= 13)
         {
             md->target_id = 0;
-            md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+            md->state.attackable = false;
             return 0;
         }
     }
     if (tmd)
     {
         if (md->bl.m != tbl->m || tbl->prev == NULL
-            || distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x, tbl->y) >= 13)
+            || distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x, tbl->y) >= 13)
         {
             md->target_id = 0;
-            md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+            md->state.attackable = false;
             return 0;
         }
     }
 
-    if (!md->mode)
+    if (md->mode == MobMode::ZERO)
         mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode;
     else
         mode = md->mode;
 
-    race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
-    if (!(mode & 0x80))
+    Race race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
+    if (!bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_ATTACK))
     {
         md->target_id = 0;
-        md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+        md->state.attackable = false;
         return 0;
     }
-    if (tsd && !(mode & 0x20) && (tsd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1 ||
-                                  ((pc_ishiding (tsd)
-                                    || tsd->state.gangsterparadise)
-                                   && race != 4 && race != 6)))
+    if (tsd
+        && !bool(mode & MobMode::BOSS)
+        && (tsd->state.gangsterparadise
+            && race != Race::_insect
+            && race != Race::_demon))
     {
         md->target_id = 0;
-        md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+        md->state.attackable = false;
         return 0;
     }
 
     range = mob_db[md->mob_class].range;
-    if (mode & 1)
+    if (bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE))
         range++;
-    if (distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x, tbl->y) > range)
+    if (distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x, tbl->y) > range)
         return 0;
 
     return 1;
 }
 
-static int mob_ancillary_attack(struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_ancillary_attack(struct block_list *bl,
+        struct block_list *mdbl, struct block_list *tbl, tick_t tick)
 {
-    struct block_list *mdbl = va_arg(ap, struct block_list *);
-    struct block_list *tbl = va_arg(ap, struct block_list *);
-    unsigned int tick = va_arg(ap, unsigned int);
     if (bl != tbl)
-        battle_weapon_attack(mdbl, bl, tick, 0);
-    return 0;
+        battle_weapon_attack(mdbl, bl, tick);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Attack processing of mob
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_attack (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int data)
+static
+int mob_attack(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick)
 {
     struct block_list *tbl = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if ((tbl = map_id2bl (md->target_id)) == NULL)
+    if ((tbl = map_id2bl(md->target_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
 
-    if (!mob_check_attack (md))
+    if (!mob_check_attack(md))
         return 0;
 
     if (battle_config.monster_attack_direction_change)
-        md->dir = map_calc_dir (&md->bl, tbl->x, tbl->y);   // ��設定
+        md->dir = map_calc_dir(&md->bl, tbl->x, tbl->y);   // ��設定
 
     //clif_fixmobpos(md);
 
-    md->state.skillstate = MSS_ATTACK;
-    if (mobskill_use (md, tick, -2))    // スキル使用
+    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_ATTACK;
+    if (mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::NEVER_EQUAL))
         return 0;
 
-    md->target_lv = battle_weapon_attack (&md->bl, tbl, tick, 0);
+    md->target_lv = battle_weapon_attack(&md->bl, tbl, tick);
     // If you are reading this, please note:
     // it is highly platform-specific that this even works at all.
     int radius = battle_config.mob_splash_radius;
-    if (radius >= 0 && tbl->type == BL_PC && !map[tbl->m].flag.town)
-        map_foreachinarea(mob_ancillary_attack,
-            tbl->m, tbl->x - radius, tbl->y - radius, tbl->x + radius, tbl->y + radius,
-            BL_PC,
-            &md->bl, tbl, tick);
-
-    if (!(battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type & 2)
-        && md->sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&md->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
+    if (radius >= 0 && tbl->type == BL::PC && !map[tbl->m].flag.town)
+        map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_ancillary_attack, ph::_1, &md->bl, tbl, tick),
+            tbl->m, tbl->x - radius, tbl->y - radius,
+            tbl->x + radius, tbl->y + radius, BL::PC);
 
-    md->attackabletime = tick + battle_get_adelay (&md->bl);
+    md->attackabletime = tick + battle_get_adelay(&md->bl);
 
-    md->timer = add_timer (md->attackabletime, mob_timer, md->bl.id, 0);
-    md->state.state = MS_ATTACK;
+    md->timer = Timer(md->attackabletime,
+            std::bind(mob_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                md->bl.id, 0));
+    md->state.state = MS::ATTACK;
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -958,86 +810,78 @@ static int mob_attack (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int data)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_stopattacked (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
+void mob_stopattacked(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
-    int  id;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    id = va_arg (ap, int);
     if (sd->attacktarget == id)
-        pc_stopattack (sd);
-    return 0;
+        pc_stopattack(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * The timer in which the mob's states changes
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_changestate (struct mob_data *md, int state, int type)
+static
+int mob_changestate(struct mob_data *md, MS state, bool type)
 {
-    unsigned int tick;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (md->timer != -1)
-        delete_timer (md->timer, mob_timer);
-    md->timer = -1;
+    md->timer.cancel();
     md->state.state = state;
 
     switch (state)
     {
-        case MS_WALK:
-            if ((i = calc_next_walk_step (md)) > 0)
+        case MS::WALK:
+        {
+            interval_t i = calc_next_walk_step(md);
+            if (i > interval_t::zero())
             {
-                i = i >> 2;
-                md->timer =
-                    add_timer (gettick () + i, mob_timer, md->bl.id, 0);
+                i = i / 4;
+                md->timer = Timer(gettick() + i,
+                        std::bind(mob_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                            md->bl.id, 0));
             }
             else
-                md->state.state = MS_IDLE;
+                md->state.state = MS::IDLE;
+        }
             break;
-        case MS_ATTACK:
-            tick = gettick ();
-            i = DIFF_TICK (md->attackabletime, tick);
-            if (i > 0 && i < 2000)
-                md->timer =
-                    add_timer (md->attackabletime, mob_timer, md->bl.id, 0);
+        case MS::ATTACK:
+        {
+            tick_t tick = gettick();
+            interval_t i = md->attackabletime - tick;
+            if (i > interval_t::zero() && i < std::chrono::seconds(2))
+                md->timer = Timer(md->attackabletime,
+                        std::bind(mob_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                            md->bl.id, 0));
             else if (type)
             {
-                md->attackabletime = tick + battle_get_amotion (&md->bl);
-                md->timer =
-                    add_timer (md->attackabletime, mob_timer, md->bl.id, 0);
+                md->attackabletime = tick + battle_get_amotion(&md->bl);
+                md->timer = Timer(md->attackabletime,
+                        std::bind(mob_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                            md->bl.id, 0));
             }
             else
             {
-                md->attackabletime = tick + 1;
-                md->timer =
-                    add_timer (md->attackabletime, mob_timer, md->bl.id, 0);
+                md->attackabletime = tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(1);
+                md->timer = Timer(md->attackabletime,
+                        std::bind(mob_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                            md->bl.id, 0));
             }
+        }
             break;
-        case MS_DELAY:
-            md->timer =
-                add_timer (gettick () + type, mob_timer, md->bl.id, 0);
-            break;
-        case MS_DEAD:
-            skill_castcancel (&md->bl, 0);
-//      mobskill_deltimer(md);
-            md->state.skillstate = MSS_DEAD;
-            md->last_deadtime = gettick ();
+        case MS::DEAD:
+        {
+            skill_castcancel(&md->bl, 0);
+            md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_DEAD;
+            md->last_deadtime = gettick();
             // Since it died, all aggressors' attack to this mob is stopped.
-            clif_foreachclient (mob_stopattacked, md->bl.id);
-            skill_unit_out_all (&md->bl, gettick (), 1);
-            skill_status_change_clear (&md->bl, 2); // The abnormalities in status are canceled.
-            skill_clear_unitgroup (&md->bl);    // All skill unit groups are deleted.
-            skill_cleartimerskill (&md->bl);
-            if (md->deletetimer != -1)
-                delete_timer (md->deletetimer, mob_timer_delete);
-            md->deletetimer = -1;
+            clif_foreachclient(std::bind(mob_stopattacked, ph::_1, md->bl.id));
+            skill_status_change_clear(&md->bl, 2); // The abnormalities in status are canceled.
+            md->deletetimer.cancel();
             md->hp = md->target_id = md->attacked_id = 0;
-            md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+            md->state.attackable = false;
+        }
             break;
     }
 
@@ -1049,53 +893,42 @@ int mob_changestate (struct mob_data *md, int state, int type)
  * It branches to a walk and an attack.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void mob_timer(TimerData *, tick_t tick, int id, unsigned char data)
 {
     struct mob_data *md;
     struct block_list *bl;
-
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (id)) == NULL)
+    bl = map_id2bl(id);
+    if (bl == NULL)
     {                           //攻撃����敵�も������正常�よ��
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!bl || !bl->type || bl->type != BL_MOB)
+    if (bl->type == BL::NUL || bl->type != BL::MOB)
         return;
 
-    nullpo_retv (md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
 
-    if (!md->bl.type || md->bl.type != BL_MOB)
+    if (md->bl.prev == NULL || md->state.state == MS::DEAD)
         return;
 
-    if (md->timer != tid)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log == 1)
-            printf ("mob_timer %d != %d\n", md->timer, tid);
-        return;
-    }
-    md->timer = -1;
-    if (md->bl.prev == NULL || md->state.state == MS_DEAD)
-        return;
-
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
+    map_freeblock_lock();
     switch (md->state.state)
     {
-        case MS_WALK:
-            mob_check_attack (md);
-            mob_walk (md, tick, data);
+        case MS::WALK:
+            mob_check_attack(md);
+            mob_walk(md, tick, data);
             break;
-        case MS_ATTACK:
-            mob_attack (md, tick, data);
-            break;
-        case MS_DELAY:
-            mob_changestate (md, MS_IDLE, 0);
+        case MS::ATTACK:
+            mob_attack(md, tick);
             break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log == 1)
-                printf ("mob_timer : %d ?\n", md->state.state);
+                PRINTF("mob_timer : %d ?\n",
+                        md->state.state);
             break;
     }
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
+    map_freeblock_unlock();
     return;
 }
 
@@ -1103,21 +936,21 @@ static void mob_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_walktoxy_sub (struct mob_data *md)
+static
+int mob_walktoxy_sub(struct mob_data *md)
 {
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (path_search
-        (&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, md->to_x, md->to_y,
+    if (path_search(&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, md->to_x, md->to_y,
          md->state.walk_easy))
         return 1;
-    memcpy (&md->walkpath, &wpd, sizeof (wpd));
+    memcpy(&md->walkpath, &wpd, sizeof(wpd));
 
     md->state.change_walk_target = 0;
-    mob_changestate (md, MS_WALK, 0);
-    clif_movemob (md);
+    mob_changestate(md, MS::WALK, 0);
+    clif_movemob(md);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1126,26 +959,27 @@ static int mob_walktoxy_sub (struct mob_data *md)
  * mob move start
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_walktoxy (struct mob_data *md, int x, int y, int easy)
+static
+int mob_walktoxy(struct mob_data *md, int x, int y, int easy)
 {
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK
-        && path_search (&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, x, y, easy))
+    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK
+        && path_search(&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, x, y, easy))
         return 1;
 
     md->state.walk_easy = easy;
     md->to_x = x;
     md->to_y = y;
-    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
+    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
     {
         md->state.change_walk_target = 1;
     }
     else
     {
-        return mob_walktoxy_sub (md);
+        return mob_walktoxy_sub(md);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -1155,9 +989,10 @@ int mob_walktoxy (struct mob_data *md, int x, int y, int easy)
  * mob spawn with delay (timer function)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_delayspawn (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t m, custom_data_t n)
+static
+void mob_delayspawn(TimerData *, tick_t, int m)
 {
-    mob_spawn (m);
+    mob_spawn(m);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1165,54 +1000,47 @@ static void mob_delayspawn (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t m, custom_dat
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_setdelayspawn (int id)
+int mob_setdelayspawn(int id)
 {
-    unsigned int spawntime, spawntime1, spawntime2, spawntime3;
     struct mob_data *md;
     struct block_list *bl;
 
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (id)) == NULL)
+    if ((bl = map_id2bl(id)) == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    if (!bl || !bl->type || bl->type != BL_MOB)
+    if (!bl || bl->type == BL::NUL || bl->type != BL::MOB)
         return -1;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
+    nullpo_retr(-1, md);
 
-    if (!md || md->bl.type != BL_MOB)
+    if (!md || md->bl.type != BL::MOB)
         return -1;
 
     // Processing of MOB which is not revitalized
-    if (md->spawndelay1 == -1 && md->spawndelay2 == -1 && md->n == 0)
+    if (md->spawndelay1 == static_cast<interval_t>(-1)
+        && md->spawndelay2 == static_cast<interval_t>(-1)
+        && md->n == 0)
     {
-        map_deliddb (&md->bl);
+        map_deliddb(&md->bl);
         if (md->lootitem)
         {
-            map_freeblock (md->lootitem);
+            map_freeblock(md->lootitem);
             md->lootitem = NULL;
         }
-        map_freeblock (md);     // Instead of [ of free ]
+        map_freeblock(md);     // Instead of [ of free ]
         return 0;
     }
 
-    spawntime1 = md->last_spawntime + md->spawndelay1;
-    spawntime2 = md->last_deadtime + md->spawndelay2;
-    spawntime3 = gettick () + 5000;
-    // spawntime = max(spawntime1,spawntime2,spawntime3);
-    if (DIFF_TICK (spawntime1, spawntime2) > 0)
-    {
-        spawntime = spawntime1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        spawntime = spawntime2;
-    }
-    if (DIFF_TICK (spawntime3, spawntime) > 0)
-    {
-        spawntime = spawntime3;
-    }
+    tick_t spawntime1 = md->last_spawntime + md->spawndelay1;
+    tick_t spawntime2 = md->last_deadtime + md->spawndelay2;
+    tick_t spawntime3 = gettick() + std::chrono::seconds(5);
+    tick_t spawntime = std::max({spawntime1, spawntime2, spawntime3});
 
-    add_timer (spawntime, mob_delayspawn, id, 0);
+    Timer(spawntime,
+            std::bind(mob_delayspawn, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                id)
+    ).detach();
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1220,121 +1048,124 @@ int mob_setdelayspawn (int id)
  * Mob spawning. Initialization is also variously here.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_spawn (int id)
+int mob_spawn(int id)
 {
-    int  x = 0, y = 0, i = 0, c;
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
     struct mob_data *md;
     struct block_list *bl;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, bl = map_id2bl (id));
+    bl = map_id2bl(id);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, bl);
 
-    if (!bl || !bl->type || bl->type != BL_MOB)
+    if (!bl || bl->type == BL::NUL || bl->type != BL::MOB)
         return -1;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
+    nullpo_retr(-1, md);
 
-    if (!md || !md->bl.type || md->bl.type != BL_MOB)
+    if (!md || md->bl.type == BL::NUL || md->bl.type != BL::MOB)
         return -1;
 
     md->last_spawntime = tick;
     if (md->bl.prev != NULL)
     {
-//      clif_clearchar_area(&md->bl,3);
-        skill_unit_out_all (&md->bl, gettick (), 1);
-        map_delblock (&md->bl);
+        map_delblock(&md->bl);
     }
-    else
-        md->mob_class = md->base_class;
 
     md->bl.m = md->m;
-    do
     {
-        if (md->x0 == 0 && md->y0 == 0)
+        int i = 0;
+        do
         {
-            x = MPRAND (1, (map[md->bl.m].xs - 2));
-            y = MPRAND (1, (map[md->bl.m].ys - 2));
+            if (md->x0 == 0 && md->y0 == 0)
+            {
+                x = random_::in(1, map[md->bl.m].xs - 2);
+                y = random_::in(1, map[md->bl.m].ys - 2);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // TODO: move this logic earlier - possibly all the way
+                // into the data files
+                x = md->x0 - md->xs / 2 + random_::in(0, md->xs);
+                y = md->y0 - md->ys / 2 + random_::in(0, md->ys);
+            }
+            i++;
         }
-        else
+        while (bool(map_getcell(md->bl.m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE)
+            && i < 50);
+
+        if (i >= 50)
         {
-            x = MPRAND (md->x0, (md->xs + 1)) - md->xs / 2;
-            y = MPRAND (md->y0, (md->ys + 1)) - md->ys / 2;
+    //      if(battle_config.error_log==1)
+    //          PRINTF("MOB spawn error %d @ %s\n",id,map[md->bl.m].name);
+            Timer(tick + std::chrono::seconds(5),
+                    std::bind(mob_delayspawn, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                        id)
+            ).detach();
+            return 1;
         }
-        i++;
-    }
-    while (((c = map_getcell (md->bl.m, x, y)) == 1 || c == 5) && i < 50);
-
-    if (i >= 50)
-    {
-//      if(battle_config.error_log==1)
-//          printf("MOB spawn error %d @ %s\n",id,map[md->bl.m].name);
-        add_timer (tick + 5000, mob_delayspawn, id, 0);
-        return 1;
     }
 
     md->to_x = md->bl.x = x;
     md->to_y = md->bl.y = y;
-    md->dir = 0;
+    md->dir = DIR::S;
 
-    map_addblock (&md->bl);
+    map_addblock(&md->bl);
 
-    memset (&md->state, 0, sizeof (md->state));
+    memset(&md->state, 0, sizeof(md->state));
     md->attacked_id = 0;
     md->target_id = 0;
     md->move_fail_count = 0;
-    mob_init (md);
+    mob_init(md);
 
-    if (!md->stats[MOB_SPEED])
-        md->stats[MOB_SPEED] = mob_db[md->mob_class].speed;
+    if (!md->stats[mob_stat::SPEED])
+        md->stats[mob_stat::SPEED] = mob_db[md->mob_class].speed;
     md->def_ele = mob_db[md->mob_class].element;
     md->master_id = 0;
     md->master_dist = 0;
 
-    md->state.state = MS_IDLE;
-    md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
-    md->timer = -1;
+    md->state.state = MS::IDLE;
+    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_IDLE;
+    assert (!md->timer);
     md->last_thinktime = tick;
-    md->next_walktime = tick + MPRAND (5000, 50);
+    md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::seconds(5) + std::chrono::milliseconds(random_::to(50));
     md->attackabletime = tick;
     md->canmove_tick = tick;
 
     md->sg_count = 0;
-    md->deletetimer = -1;
+    // md->deletetimer = nullptr;
 
-    md->skilltimer = -1;
-    for (i = 0, c = tick - 1000 * 3600 * 10; i < MAX_MOBSKILL; i++)
-        md->skilldelay[i] = c;
-    md->skillid = 0;
+    // md->skilltimer = nullptr;
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILL; i++)
+        md->skilldelay[i] = tick - std::chrono::hours(10);
+    md->skillid = SkillID();
     md->skilllv = 0;
 
-    memset (md->dmglog, 0, sizeof (md->dmglog));
+    memset(md->dmglog, 0, sizeof(md->dmglog));
     if (md->lootitem)
-        memset (md->lootitem, 0, sizeof (md->lootitem));
+        memset(md->lootitem, 0, sizeof(*md->lootitem));
     md->lootitem_count = 0;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILLTIMERSKILL; i++)
-        md->skilltimerskill[i].timer = -1;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_STATUSCHANGE; i++)
+    for (StatusChange i : erange(StatusChange(), StatusChange::MAX_STATUSCHANGE))
     {
-        md->sc_data[i].timer = -1;
-        md->sc_data[i].val1 = md->sc_data[i].val2 = md->sc_data[i].val3 =
-            md->sc_data[i].val4 = 0;
+        assert (!md->sc_data[i].timer);
+        md->sc_data[i].val1 = 0;
     }
     md->sc_count = 0;
-    md->opt1 = md->opt2 = md->opt3 = md->option = 0;
+    md->opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
+    md->opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
+    md->opt3 = Opt3::ZERO;
+    md->option = Option::ZERO;
 
-    memset (md->skillunit, 0, sizeof (md->skillunit));
-    memset (md->skillunittick, 0, sizeof (md->skillunittick));
-
-    md->hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
+    md->hp = battle_get_max_hp(&md->bl);
     if (md->hp <= 0)
     {
-        mob_makedummymobdb (md->mob_class);
-        md->hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
+        mob_makedummymobdb(md->mob_class);
+        md->hp = battle_get_max_hp(&md->bl);
     }
 
-    clif_spawnmob (md);
+    clif_spawnmob(md);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1343,12 +1174,13 @@ int mob_spawn (int id)
  * Distance calculation between two points
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int distance (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
+static
+int distance(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
 {
-    int  dx, dy;
+    int dx, dy;
 
-    dx = abs (x0 - x1);
-    dy = abs (y0 - y1);
+    dx = abs(x0 - x1);
+    dy = abs(y0 - y1);
     return dx > dy ? dx : dy;
 }
 
@@ -1356,10 +1188,10 @@ static int distance (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
  * The stop of MOB's attack
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_stopattack (struct mob_data *md)
+int mob_stopattack(struct mob_data *md)
 {
     md->target_id = 0;
-    md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+    md->state.attackable = false;
     md->attacked_id = 0;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1368,13 +1200,13 @@ int mob_stopattack (struct mob_data *md)
  * The stop of MOB's walking
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_stop_walking (struct mob_data *md, int type)
+int mob_stop_walking(struct mob_data *md, int type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK || md->state.state == MS_IDLE)
+    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK || md->state.state == MS::IDLE)
     {
-        int  dx = 0, dy = 0;
+        int dx = 0, dy = 0;
 
         md->walkpath.path_len = 0;
         if (type & 4)
@@ -1394,17 +1226,17 @@ int mob_stop_walking (struct mob_data *md, int type)
         md->to_y = md->bl.y + dy;
         if (dx != 0 || dy != 0)
         {
-            mob_walktoxy_sub (md);
+            mob_walktoxy_sub(md);
             return 0;
         }
-        mob_changestate (md, MS_IDLE, 0);
+        mob_changestate(md, MS::IDLE, 0);
     }
     if (type & 0x01)
-        clif_fixmobpos (md);
+        clif_fixmobpos(md);
     if (type & 0x02)
     {
-        int  delay = battle_get_dmotion (&md->bl);
-        unsigned int tick = gettick ();
+        interval_t delay = battle_get_dmotion(&md->bl);
+        tick_t tick = gettick();
         if (md->canmove_tick < tick)
             md->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
     }
@@ -1417,54 +1249,22 @@ int mob_stop_walking (struct mob_data *md, int type)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_can_reach (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int range)
+int mob_can_reach(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int range)
 {
-    int  dx, dy;
+    int dx, dy;
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    dx = abs (bl->x - md->bl.x);
-    dy = abs (bl->y - md->bl.y);
-
-    //=========== guildcastle guardian no search start===========
-    //when players are the guild castle member not attack them !
-    if (md->mob_class == 1285 || md->mob_class == 1286 || md->mob_class == 1287)
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd;
-        struct guild *g = NULL;
-        struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[bl->m].name);
-
-        if (gc && agit_flag == 0)   // Guardians will not attack during non-woe time [Valaris]
-            return 0;           // end addition [Valaris]
-
-        if (bl && bl->type == BL_PC)
-        {
-            if ((sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl) == NULL)
-            {
-                printf ("mob_can_reach nullpo\n");
-                return 0;
-            }
+    int i;
 
-            if (gc && sd && sd->status.guild_id && sd->status.guild_id > 0)
-            {
-                g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id); // don't attack guild members [Valaris]
-                if (g && g->guild_id > 0 && g->guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-                    return 0;
-                if (g && gc && guild_isallied (g, gc))
-                    return 0;
+    nullpo_ret(md);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    //========== guildcastle guardian no search eof==============
+    dx = abs(bl->x - md->bl.x);
+    dy = abs(bl->y - md->bl.y);
 
-    if (bl && bl->type == BL_PC && battle_config.monsters_ignore_gm == 1)
+    if (bl && bl->type == BL::PC && battle_config.monsters_ignore_gm == 1)
     {                           // option to have monsters ignore GMs [Valaris]
         struct map_session_data *sd;
-        if ((sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl) != NULL && pc_isGM (sd))
+        if ((sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl) != NULL && pc_isGM(sd))
             return 0;
     }
 
@@ -1481,23 +1281,21 @@ int mob_can_reach (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int range)
     wpd.path_len = 0;
     wpd.path_pos = 0;
     wpd.path_half = 0;
-    if (path_search (&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y, 0) !=
+    if (path_search(&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y, 0) !=
         -1)
         return 1;
 
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
+    if (bl->type != BL::PC && bl->type != BL::MOB)
         return 0;
 
     // It judges whether it can adjoin or not.
     dx = (dx > 0) ? 1 : ((dx < 0) ? -1 : 0);
     dy = (dy > 0) ? 1 : ((dy < 0) ? -1 : 0);
-    if (path_search
-        (&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x - dx, bl->y - dy, 0) != -1)
+    if (path_search(&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x - dx, bl->y - dy, 0) != -1)
         return 1;
     for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
     {
-        if (path_search
-            (&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x - 1 + i / 3,
+        if (path_search(&wpd, md->bl.m, md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x - 1 + i / 3,
              bl->y - 1 + i % 3, 0) != -1)
             return 1;
     }
@@ -1508,21 +1306,20 @@ int mob_can_reach (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int range)
  * Determination for an attack of a monster
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_target (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int dist)
+int mob_target(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int dist)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    short *option;
-    int  mode, race;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    MobMode mode;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    option = battle_get_option (bl);
-    race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    Option *option = battle_get_option(bl);
+    Race race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
 
-    if (!md->mode)
+    if (md->mode == MobMode::ZERO)
     {
         mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode;
     }
@@ -1530,35 +1327,39 @@ int mob_target (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int dist)
     {
         mode = md->mode;
     }
-    if (!(mode & 0x80))
+    if (!bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_ATTACK))
     {
         md->target_id = 0;
         return 0;
     }
     // Nothing will be carried out if there is no mind of changing TAGE by TAGE ending.
-    if ((md->target_id > 0 && md->state.targettype == ATTACKABLE)
-        && (!(mode & 0x04) || MRAND (100) > 25))
+    if ((md->target_id > 0 && md->state.attackable)
+        && (!bool(mode & MobMode::AGGRESSIVE)
+            || !random_::chance({25 + 1, 100})))
         return 0;
 
-    if (mode & 0x20 ||          // Coercion is exerted if it is MVPMOB.
-        (sc_data && sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer == -1 &&
-         ((option && !(*option & 0x06)) || race == 4 || race == 6)))
+    // Coercion is exerted if it is MVPMOB.
+    if (bool(mode & MobMode::BOSS)
+        || (option != NULL
+            || race == Race::_insect
+            || race == Race::_demon))
     {
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+        if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         {
-            nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
-            if (sd->invincible_timer != -1 || pc_isinvisible (sd))
+            sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
+            nullpo_ret(sd);
+            if (sd->invincible_timer || pc_isinvisible(sd))
                 return 0;
-            if (!(mode & 0x20) && race != 4 && race != 6
+            if (!bool(mode & MobMode::BOSS) && race != Race::_insect && race != Race::_demon
                 && sd->state.gangsterparadise)
                 return 0;
         }
 
         md->target_id = bl->id; // Since there was no disturbance, it locks on to target.
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC || bl->type == BL_MOB)
-            md->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
+        if (bl->type == BL::PC || bl->type == BL::MOB)
+            md->state.attackable = true;
         else
-            md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+            md->state.attackable = false;
         md->min_chase = dist + 13;
         if (md->min_chase > 26)
             md->min_chase = 26;
@@ -1570,56 +1371,61 @@ int mob_target (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int dist)
  * The ?? routine of an active monster
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch(struct block_list *bl,
+        struct mob_data *smd, int *pcc)
 {
     struct map_session_data *tsd = NULL;
-    struct mob_data *smd, *tmd = NULL;
-    int  mode, race, dist, *pcc;
+    struct mob_data *tmd = NULL;
+    MobMode mode;
+    int dist;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, smd = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, pcc = va_arg (ap, int *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(smd);
+    nullpo_retv(pcc);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         tsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
         tmd = (struct mob_data *) bl;
     else
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
     //敵味方判定
-    if (battle_check_target (&smd->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY) == 0)
-        return 0;
+    if (battle_check_target(&smd->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY) == 0)
+        return;
 
-    if (!smd->mode)
+    if (smd->mode == MobMode::ZERO)
         mode = mob_db[smd->mob_class].mode;
     else
         mode = smd->mode;
 
     // アクティブ�ターゲット射程内��る�ら�ロック�る
-    if (mode & 0x04)
+    if (bool(mode & MobMode::AGGRESSIVE))
     {
-        race = mob_db[smd->mob_class].race;
+        Race race = mob_db[smd->mob_class].race;
         //対象�PC�場�
         if (tsd &&
-            !pc_isdead (tsd) &&
+            !pc_isdead(tsd) &&
             tsd->bl.m == smd->bl.m &&
-            tsd->invincible_timer == -1 &&
-            !pc_isinvisible (tsd) &&
+            !tsd->invincible_timer &&
+            !pc_isinvisible(tsd) &&
             (dist =
-             distance (smd->bl.x, smd->bl.y, tsd->bl.x, tsd->bl.y)) < 9)
+             distance(smd->bl.x, smd->bl.y, tsd->bl.x, tsd->bl.y)) < 9)
         {
-            if (mode & 0x20 ||
-                (tsd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer == -1 &&
-                 ((!pc_ishiding (tsd) && !tsd->state.gangsterparadise)
-                  || race == 4 || race == 6)))
-            {                   // 妨害����判定
-                if (mob_can_reach (smd, bl, 12) &&  // 到��能性判定
-                    MRAND (1000) < 1000 / (++(*pcc)))
-                {               // 範囲内PC�等確率��る
+            if (bool(mode & MobMode::BOSS)
+                || (!tsd->state.gangsterparadise
+                    || race == Race::_insect
+                    || race == Race::_demon))
+            {
+                // 妨害����判定
+                // 到��能性判定
+                if (mob_can_reach(smd, bl, 12)
+                    && random_::chance({1, ++*pcc}))
+                {
+                    // 範囲内PC�等確率��る
                     smd->target_id = tsd->bl.id;
-                    smd->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
+                    smd->state.attackable = true;
                     smd->min_chase = 13;
                 }
             }
@@ -1628,35 +1434,34 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
         else if (tmd &&
                  tmd->bl.m == smd->bl.m &&
                  (dist =
-                  distance (smd->bl.x, smd->bl.y, tmd->bl.x, tmd->bl.y)) < 9)
+                  distance(smd->bl.x, smd->bl.y, tmd->bl.x, tmd->bl.y)) < 9)
         {
-            if (mob_can_reach (smd, bl, 12) &&  // 到��能性判定
-                MRAND (1000) < 1000 / (++(*pcc)))
-            {                   // 範囲内�等確率��る
+            // 到��能性判定
+            if (mob_can_reach(smd, bl, 12)
+                && random_::chance({1, ++*pcc}))
+            {
+                // 範囲内�等確率��る
                 smd->target_id = bl->id;
-                smd->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
+                smd->state.attackable = true;
                 smd->min_chase = 13;
             }
         }
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * loot monster item search
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_ai_sub_hard_lootsearch (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_ai_sub_hard_lootsearch(struct block_list *bl, struct mob_data *md, int *itc)
 {
-    struct mob_data *md;
-    int  mode, dist, *itc;
+    MobMode mode;
+    int dist;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, itc = va_arg (ap, int *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    if (!md->mode)
+    if (md->mode == MobMode::ZERO)
     {
         mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode;
     }
@@ -1665,118 +1470,110 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard_lootsearch (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
         mode = md->mode;
     }
 
-    if (!md->target_id && mode & 0x02)
+    if (!md->target_id && bool(mode & MobMode::LOOTER))
     {
         if (!md->lootitem
             || (battle_config.monster_loot_type == 1
                 && md->lootitem_count >= LOOTITEM_SIZE))
-            return 0;
+            return;
         if (bl->m == md->bl.m
-            && (dist = distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y)) < 9)
+            && (dist = distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y)) < 9)
         {
-            if (mob_can_reach (md, bl, 12) &&   // Reachability judging
-                MRAND (1000) < 1000 / (++(*itc)))
-            {                   // It is made a probability, such as within the limits PC.
+            // Reachability judging
+            if (mob_can_reach(md, bl, 12)
+                && random_::chance({1, ++*itc}))
+            {
+                // It is made a probability, such as within the limits PC.
                 md->target_id = bl->id;
-                md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+                md->state.attackable = false;
                 md->min_chase = 13;
             }
         }
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * The ?? routine of a link monster
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_ai_sub_hard_linksearch (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_ai_sub_hard_linksearch(struct block_list *bl, struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target)
 {
     struct mob_data *tmd;
-    struct mob_data *md;
-    struct block_list *target;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, tmd = (struct mob_data *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, target = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-
-    // same family free in a range at a link monster -- it will be made to lock if MOB is
-/*	if( (md->target_id > 0 && md->state.targettype == ATTACKABLE) && mob_db[md->mob_class].mode&0x08){
-		if( tmd->mob_class==md->mob_class && (!tmd->target_id || md->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE) && tmd->bl.m == md->bl.m){
-			if( mob_can_reach(tmd,target,12) ){	// Reachability judging
-				tmd->target_id=md->target_id;
-				tmd->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
-				tmd->min_chase=13;
-			}
-		}
-	}*/
-    if (md->attacked_id > 0 && mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x08)
+
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    tmd = (struct mob_data *) bl;
+    nullpo_retv(md);
+    nullpo_retv(target);
+
+    if (md->attacked_id > 0
+        && bool(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & MobMode::ASSIST))
     {
-        if (tmd->mob_class == md->mob_class && tmd->bl.m == md->bl.m
-            && (!tmd->target_id || md->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE))
+        if (tmd->mob_class == md->mob_class
+            && tmd->bl.m == md->bl.m
+            && (!tmd->target_id || !md->state.attackable))
         {
-            if (mob_can_reach (tmd, target, 12))
-            {                   // Reachability judging
+            if (mob_can_reach(tmd, target, 12))
+            {
+                // Reachability judging
                 tmd->target_id = md->attacked_id;
-                tmd->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
+                tmd->state.attackable = true;
                 tmd->min_chase = 13;
             }
         }
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Processing of slave monsters
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
+static
+int mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick)
 {
     struct mob_data *mmd = NULL;
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  mode, race, old_dist;
+    MobMode mode;
+    int old_dist;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (md->master_id)) != NULL)
+    if ((bl = map_id2bl(md->master_id)) != NULL)
         mmd = (struct mob_data *) bl;
 
     mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode;
 
     // It is not main monster/leader.
-    if (!mmd || mmd->bl.type != BL_MOB || mmd->bl.id != md->master_id)
+    if (!mmd || mmd->bl.type != BL::MOB || mmd->bl.id != md->master_id)
         return 0;
 
     // Since it is in the map on which the master is not, teleport is carried out and it pursues.
     if (mmd->bl.m != md->bl.m)
     {
-        mob_warp (md, mmd->bl.m, mmd->bl.x, mmd->bl.y, 3);
+        mob_warp(md, mmd->bl.m, mmd->bl.x, mmd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
         md->state.master_check = 1;
         return 0;
     }
 
     // Distance with between slave and master is measured.
     old_dist = md->master_dist;
-    md->master_dist = distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, mmd->bl.x, mmd->bl.y);
+    md->master_dist = distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, mmd->bl.x, mmd->bl.y);
 
     // Since the master was in near immediately before, teleport is carried out and it pursues.
     if (old_dist < 10 && md->master_dist > 18)
     {
-        mob_warp (md, -1, mmd->bl.x, mmd->bl.y, 3);
+        mob_warp(md, -1, mmd->bl.x, mmd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
         md->state.master_check = 1;
         return 0;
     }
 
     // Although there is the master, since it is somewhat far, it approaches.
-    if ((!md->target_id || md->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE)
-        && mob_can_move (md)
+    if ((!md->target_id || !md->state.attackable)
+        && mob_can_move(md)
         && (md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len
             || md->walkpath.path_len == 0) && md->master_dist < 15)
     {
-        int  i = 0, dx, dy, ret;
+        int i = 0, dx, dy, ret;
         if (md->master_dist > 4)
         {
             do
@@ -1786,21 +1583,21 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
                     dx = mmd->bl.x - md->bl.x;
                     dy = mmd->bl.y - md->bl.y;
                     if (dx < 0)
-                        dx += (MPRAND (1, ((dx < -3) ? 3 : -dx)));
+                        dx += random_::in(1, std::min(3, -dx));
                     else if (dx > 0)
-                        dx -= (MPRAND (1, ((dx > 3) ? 3 : dx)));
+                        dx -= random_::in(1, std::min(3, dx));
                     if (dy < 0)
-                        dy += (MPRAND (1, ((dy < -3) ? 3 : -dy)));
+                        dy += random_::in(1, std::min(3, -dy));
                     else if (dy > 0)
-                        dy -= (MPRAND (1, ((dy > 3) ? 3 : dy)));
+                        dy -= random_::in(1, std::min(3, dy));
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    dx = mmd->bl.x - md->bl.x + MRAND (7) - 3;
-                    dy = mmd->bl.y - md->bl.y + MRAND (7) - 3;
+                    dx = mmd->bl.x - md->bl.x + random_::in(-3, 3);
+                    dy = mmd->bl.y - md->bl.y + random_::in(-3, 3);
                 }
 
-                ret = mob_walktoxy (md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy, 0);
+                ret = mob_walktoxy(md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy, 0);
                 i++;
             }
             while (ret && i < 10);
@@ -1809,69 +1606,53 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
         {
             do
             {
-                dx = MRAND (9) - 5;
-                dy = MRAND (9) - 5;
+                // changed to do what it was obviously supposed to do,
+                // instead of what it was doing ...
+                dx = random_::in(-4, 4);
+                dy = random_::in(-4, 4);
                 if (dx == 0 && dy == 0)
                 {
-                    dx = (MRAND (1)) ? 1 : -1;
-                    dy = (MRAND (1)) ? 1 : -1;
+                    dx = random_::coin() ? 1 : -1;
+                    dy = random_::coin() ? 1 : -1;
                 }
                 dx += mmd->bl.x;
                 dy += mmd->bl.y;
 
-                ret = mob_walktoxy (md, mmd->bl.x + dx, mmd->bl.y + dy, 0);
+                ret = mob_walktoxy(md, mmd->bl.x + dx, mmd->bl.y + dy, 0);
                 i++;
             }
             while (ret && i < 10);
         }
 
-        md->next_walktime = tick + 500;
+        md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
         md->state.master_check = 1;
     }
 
     // There is the master, the master locks a target and he does not lock.
-    if ((mmd->target_id > 0 && mmd->state.targettype == ATTACKABLE)
-        && (!md->target_id || md->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE))
+    if ((mmd->target_id > 0 && mmd->state.attackable)
+        && (!md->target_id || !md->state.attackable))
     {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (mmd->target_id);
-        if (sd != NULL && !pc_isdead (sd) && sd->invincible_timer == -1
-            && !pc_isinvisible (sd))
+        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(mmd->target_id);
+        if (sd != NULL && !pc_isdead(sd) && !sd->invincible_timer
+            && !pc_isinvisible(sd))
         {
 
-            race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
-            if (mode & 0x20 ||
-                (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer == -1 &&
-                 ((!pc_ishiding (sd) && !sd->state.gangsterparadise)
-                  || race == 4 || race == 6)))
+            Race race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
+            if (bool(mode & MobMode::BOSS)
+                || (!sd->state.gangsterparadise
+                    || race == Race::_insect
+                    || race == Race::_demon))
             {                   // 妨害����判定
 
                 md->target_id = sd->bl.id;
-                md->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
+                md->state.attackable = true;
                 md->min_chase =
-                    5 + distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+                    5 + distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
                 md->state.master_check = 1;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    // There is the master, the master locks a target and he does not lock.
-/*	if( (md->target_id>0 && mmd->state.targettype == ATTACKABLE) && (!mmd->target_id || mmd->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE) ){
-		struct map_session_data *sd=map_id2sd(md->target_id);
-		if(sd!=NULL && !pc_isdead(sd) && sd->invincible_timer == -1 && !pc_isinvisible(sd)){
-
-			race=mob_db[mmd->mob_class].race;
-			if(mode&0x20 ||
-				(sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer == -1 &&
-				(!(sd->status.option&0x06) || race==4 || race==6)
-				) ){	// It judges whether there is any disturbance.
-
-				mmd->target_id=sd->bl.id;
-				mmd->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
-				mmd->min_chase=5+distance(mmd->bl.x,mmd->bl.y,sd->bl.x,sd->bl.y);
-			}
-		}
-	}*/
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1879,14 +1660,15 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick)
  * A lock of target is stopped and mob moves to a standby state.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_unlocktarget (struct mob_data *md, int tick)
+static
+int mob_unlocktarget(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
     md->target_id = 0;
-    md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
-    md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
-    md->next_walktime = tick + MPRAND (3000, 3000);
+    md->state.attackable = false;
+    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_IDLE;
+    md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::seconds(3) + std::chrono::milliseconds(random_::to(3000));
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1894,26 +1676,26 @@ static int mob_unlocktarget (struct mob_data *md, int tick)
  * Random walk
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_randomwalk (struct mob_data *md, int tick)
+static
+int mob_randomwalk(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick)
 {
     const int retrycount = 20;
-    int  speed;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    speed = battle_get_speed (&md->bl);
-    if (DIFF_TICK (md->next_walktime, tick) < 0)
+    interval_t speed = battle_get_speed(&md->bl);
+    if (md->next_walktime < tick)
     {
-        int  i, x, y, c, d = 12 - md->move_fail_count;
+        int i, x, y, d = 12 - md->move_fail_count;
         if (d < 5)
             d = 5;
         for (i = 0; i < retrycount; i++)
-        {                       // Search of a movable place
-            int  r = mt_random ();
-            x = md->bl.x + r % (d * 2 + 1) - d;
-            y = md->bl.y + r / (d * 2 + 1) % (d * 2 + 1) - d;
-            if ((c = map_getcell (md->bl.m, x, y)) != 1 && c != 5
-                && mob_walktoxy (md, x, y, 1) == 0)
+        {
+            // Search of a movable place
+            x = md->bl.x + random_::in(-d, d);
+            y = md->bl.y + random_::in(-d, d);
+            if (!bool(map_getcell(md->bl.m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE)
+                && mob_walktoxy(md, x, y, 1) == 0)
             {
                 md->move_fail_count = 0;
                 break;
@@ -1924,23 +1706,24 @@ static int mob_randomwalk (struct mob_data *md, int tick)
                 if (md->move_fail_count > 1000)
                 {
                     if (battle_config.error_log == 1)
-                        printf
-                            ("MOB cant move. random spawn %d, mob_class = %d\n",
+                        PRINTF("MOB cant move. random spawn %d, mob_class = %d\n",
                              md->bl.id, md->mob_class);
                     md->move_fail_count = 0;
-                    mob_spawn (md->bl.id);
+                    mob_spawn(md->bl.id);
                 }
             }
         }
-        for (i = c = 0; i < md->walkpath.path_len; i++)
-        {                       // The next walk start time is calculated.
-            if (md->walkpath.path[i] & 1)
+        interval_t c = interval_t::zero();
+        for (i = 0; i < md->walkpath.path_len; i++)
+        {
+            // The next walk start time is calculated.
+            if (dir_is_diagonal(md->walkpath.path[i]))
                 c += speed * 14 / 10;
             else
                 c += speed;
         }
-        md->next_walktime = tick + MPRAND (3000, 3000) + c;
-        md->state.skillstate = MSS_WALK;
+        md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::seconds(3) + std::chrono::milliseconds(random_::to(3000)) + c;
+        md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_WALK;
         return 1;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -1950,85 +1733,81 @@ static int mob_randomwalk (struct mob_data *md, int tick)
  * AI of MOB whose is near a Player
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_ai_sub_hard (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_ai_sub_hard(struct block_list *bl, tick_t tick)
 {
     struct mob_data *md, *tmd = NULL;
     struct map_session_data *tsd = NULL;
     struct block_list *tbl = NULL;
     struct flooritem_data *fitem;
-    unsigned int tick;
-    int  i, dx, dy, ret, dist;
-    int  attack_type = 0;
-    int  mode, race;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    int i, dx, dy, ret, dist;
+    int attack_type = 0;
+    MobMode mode;
 
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
 
-    if (DIFF_TICK (tick, md->last_thinktime) < MIN_MOBTHINKTIME)
-        return 0;
+    if (tick < md->last_thinktime + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME)
+        return;
     md->last_thinktime = tick;
 
-    if (md->skilltimer != -1 || md->bl.prev == NULL)
-    {                           // Under a skill aria and death
-        if (DIFF_TICK (tick, md->next_walktime) > MIN_MOBTHINKTIME)
+    if (md->skilltimer || md->bl.prev == NULL)
+    {
+        // Under a skill aria and death
+        if (tick > md->next_walktime + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME)
             md->next_walktime = tick;
-        return 0;
+        return;
     }
 
-    if (!md->mode)
+    if (md->mode == MobMode::ZERO)
         mode = mob_db[md->mob_class].mode;
     else
         mode = md->mode;
 
-    race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
+    Race race = mob_db[md->mob_class].race;
 
     // Abnormalities
-    if ((md->opt1 > 0 && md->opt1 != 6) || md->state.state == MS_DELAY
-        || md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
+    if (bool(md->opt1) && md->opt1 != Opt1::_stone6)
+        return;
 
-    if (!(mode & 0x80) && md->target_id > 0)
+    if (!bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_ATTACK) && md->target_id > 0)
         md->target_id = 0;
 
-    if (md->attacked_id > 0 && mode & 0x08)
+    if (md->attacked_id > 0 && bool(mode & MobMode::ASSIST))
     {                           // Link monster
-        struct map_session_data *asd = map_id2sd (md->attacked_id);
+        struct map_session_data *asd = map_id2sd(md->attacked_id);
         if (asd)
         {
-            if (asd->invincible_timer == -1 && !pc_isinvisible (asd))
+            if (!asd->invincible_timer && !pc_isinvisible(asd))
             {
-                map_foreachinarea (mob_ai_sub_hard_linksearch, md->bl.m,
-                                   md->bl.x - 13, md->bl.y - 13,
-                                   md->bl.x + 13, md->bl.y + 13,
-                                   BL_MOB, md, &asd->bl);
+                map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_ai_sub_hard_linksearch, ph::_1, md, &asd->bl),
+                        md->bl.m, md->bl.x - 13, md->bl.y - 13,
+                        md->bl.x + 13, md->bl.y + 13, BL::MOB);
             }
         }
     }
 
     // It checks to see it was attacked first (if active, it is target change at 25% of probability).
-    if (mode > 0 && md->attacked_id > 0
-        && (!md->target_id || md->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE
-            || (mode & 0x04 && MRAND (100) < 25)))
+    if (mode != MobMode::ZERO && md->attacked_id > 0
+        && (!md->target_id || !md->state.attackable
+            || (bool(mode & MobMode::AGGRESSIVE) && random_::chance({25, 100}))))
     {
-        struct block_list *abl = map_id2bl (md->attacked_id);
+        struct block_list *abl = map_id2bl(md->attacked_id);
         struct map_session_data *asd = NULL;
         if (abl)
         {
-            if (abl->type == BL_PC)
+            if (abl->type == BL::PC)
                 asd = (struct map_session_data *) abl;
             if (asd == NULL || md->bl.m != abl->m || abl->prev == NULL
-                || asd->invincible_timer != -1 || pc_isinvisible (asd)
+                || asd->invincible_timer || pc_isinvisible(asd)
                 || (dist =
-                    distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, abl->x, abl->y)) >= 32
-                || battle_check_target (bl, abl, BCT_ENEMY) == 0)
+                    distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, abl->x, abl->y)) >= 32
+                || battle_check_target(bl, abl, BCT_ENEMY) == 0)
                 md->attacked_id = 0;
             else
             {
                 md->target_id = md->attacked_id;    // set target
-                md->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
+                md->state.attackable = true;
                 attack_type = 1;
                 md->attacked_id = 0;
                 md->min_chase = dist + 13;
@@ -2041,96 +1820,89 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
     md->state.master_check = 0;
     // Processing of slave monster
     if (md->master_id > 0 && md->state.special_mob_ai == 0)
-        mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob (md, tick);
+        mob_ai_sub_hard_slavemob(md, tick);
 
     // アクティヴモンスター�策敵 (?? of a bitter taste TIVU monster)
-    if ((!md->target_id || md->state.targettype == NONE_ATTACKABLE)
-        && mode & 0x04 && !md->state.master_check
+    if ((!md->target_id || !md->state.attackable)
+        && bool(mode & MobMode::AGGRESSIVE) && !md->state.master_check
         && battle_config.monster_active_enable == 1)
     {
         i = 0;
         if (md->state.special_mob_ai)
         {
-            map_foreachinarea (mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch, md->bl.m,
-                               md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                               md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                               md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                               md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2, 0, md, &i);
+            map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch, ph::_1, md, &i),
+                    md->bl.m, md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
+                    md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2,
+                    BL::NUL);
         }
         else
         {
-            map_foreachinarea (mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch, md->bl.m,
-                               md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                               md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                               md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                               md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2, BL_PC, md, &i);
+            map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_ai_sub_hard_activesearch, ph::_1, md, &i),
+                    md->bl.m, md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
+                    md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2, BL::PC);
         }
     }
 
     // The item search of a route monster
-    if (!md->target_id && mode & 0x02 && !md->state.master_check)
+    if (!md->target_id
+        && bool(mode & MobMode::LOOTER)
+        && !md->state.master_check)
     {
         i = 0;
-        map_foreachinarea (mob_ai_sub_hard_lootsearch, md->bl.m,
-                           md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                           md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                           BL_ITEM, md, &i);
+        map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_ai_sub_hard_lootsearch, ph::_1, md, &i),
+                md->bl.m, md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
+                md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2, md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2, BL::ITEM);
     }
 
     // It will attack, if the candidate for an attack is.
     if (md->target_id > 0)
     {
-        if ((tbl = map_id2bl (md->target_id)))
+        if ((tbl = map_id2bl(md->target_id)))
         {
-            if (tbl->type == BL_PC)
+            if (tbl->type == BL::PC)
                 tsd = (struct map_session_data *) tbl;
-            else if (tbl->type == BL_MOB)
+            else if (tbl->type == BL::MOB)
                 tmd = (struct mob_data *) tbl;
             if (tsd || tmd)
             {
                 if (tbl->m != md->bl.m || tbl->prev == NULL
                     || (dist =
-                        distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x,
+                        distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x,
                                   tbl->y)) >= md->min_chase)
-                    mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);    // 別マップ��視界外
-                else if (tsd && !(mode & 0x20)
-                         && (tsd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1
-                             ||
-                             ((pc_ishiding (tsd)
-                               || tsd->state.gangsterparadise) && race != 4
-                              && race != 6)))
-                    mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);    // スキル���よる策敵妨害
-                else if (!battle_check_range
-                         (&md->bl, tbl, mob_db[md->mob_class].range))
+                    mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);    // 別マップ��視界外
+                else if (tsd && !bool(mode & MobMode::BOSS)
+                         && (tsd->state.gangsterparadise
+                             && race != Race::_insect
+                             && race != Race::_demon))
+                    mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);    // スキル���よる策敵妨害
+                else if (!battle_check_range(&md->bl, tbl, mob_db[md->mob_class].range))
                 {
                     // 攻撃範囲外���移動
-                    if (!(mode & 1))
+                    if (!bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE))
                     {           // 移動���モード
-                        mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);
-                        return 0;
+                        mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);
+                        return;
                     }
-                    if (!mob_can_move (md)) // 動���状態��る
-                        return 0;
-                    md->state.skillstate = MSS_CHASE;   // �撃時スキル
-                    mobskill_use (md, tick, -1);
-//                  if(md->timer != -1 && (DIFF_TICK(md->next_walktime,tick)<0 || distance(md->to_x,md->to_y,tsd->bl.x,tsd->bl.y)<2) )
-                    if (md->timer != -1 && md->state.state != MS_ATTACK
-                        && (DIFF_TICK (md->next_walktime, tick) < 0
-                            || distance (md->to_x, md->to_y, tbl->x,
-                                         tbl->y) < 2))
-                        return 0;   // 既�移動中
-                    if (!mob_can_reach
-                        (md, tbl, (md->min_chase > 13) ? md->min_chase : 13))
-                        mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);    // 移動������タゲ解除（IW��？）
+                    if (!mob_can_move(md)) // 動���状態��る
+                        return;
+                    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_CHASE;   // �撃時スキル
+                    mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY);
+                    if (md->timer && md->state.state != MS::ATTACK
+                        && (md->next_walktime < tick
+                            || distance(md->to_x, md->to_y, tbl->x, tbl->y) < 2))
+                        return;   // 既�移動中
+                    if (!mob_can_reach(md, tbl, (md->min_chase > 13) ? md->min_chase : 13))
+                        mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);    // 移動������タゲ解除（IW��？）
                     else
                     {
                         // 追跡
-                        md->next_walktime = tick + 500;
+                        md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
                         i = 0;
                         do
                         {
                             if (i == 0)
-                            {   // 最��AEGIS���方法�検索
+                            {
+                                // 最��AEGIS���方法�検索
                                 dx = tbl->x - md->bl.x;
                                 dy = tbl->y - md->bl.y;
                                 if (dx < 0)
@@ -2143,21 +1915,13 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
                                     dy--;
                             }
                             else
-                            {   // ���らAthena�(ランダム)
-                                dx = tbl->x - md->bl.x + MRAND (3) - 1;
-                                dy = tbl->y - md->bl.y + MRAND (3) - 1;
+                            {
+                                // ���らAthena�(ランダム)
+                                // {0 1 2}
+                                dx = tbl->x - md->bl.x + random_::in(-1, 1);
+                                dy = tbl->y - md->bl.y + random_::in(-1, 1);
                             }
-                            /*                      if(path_search(&md->walkpath,md->bl.m,md->bl.x,md->bl.y,md->bl.x+dx,md->bl.y+dy,0)){
-                             * dx=tsd->bl.x - md->bl.x;
-                             * dy=tsd->bl.y - md->bl.y;
-                             * if(dx<0) dx--;
-                             * else if(dx>0) dx++;
-                             * if(dy<0) dy--;
-                             * else if(dy>0) dy++;
-                             * } */
-                            ret =
-                                mob_walktoxy (md, md->bl.x + dx,
-                                              md->bl.y + dy, 0);
+                            ret = mob_walktoxy(md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy, 0);
                             i++;
                         }
                         while (ret && i < 5);
@@ -2172,200 +1936,178 @@ static int mob_ai_sub_hard (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
                                 dy = 2;
                             else if (dy > 0)
                                 dy = -2;
-                            mob_walktoxy (md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy,
+                            mob_walktoxy(md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy,
                                           0);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 else
                 {               // 攻撃射程範囲内
-                    md->state.skillstate = MSS_ATTACK;
-                    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
-                        mob_stop_walking (md, 1);   // 歩行中�ら�止
-                    if (md->state.state == MS_ATTACK)
-                        return 0;   // 既�攻撃中
-                    mob_changestate (md, MS_ATTACK, attack_type);
-
-/*					if(mode&0x08){	// リンクモンスター
-					map_foreachinarea(mob_ai_sub_hard_linksearch,md->bl.m,
-						md->bl.x-13,md->bl.y-13,
-						md->bl.x+13,md->bl.y+13,
-							BL_MOB,md,&tsd->bl);
-				}*/
+                    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_ATTACK;
+                    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
+                        mob_stop_walking(md, 1);   // 歩行中�ら�止
+                    if (md->state.state == MS::ATTACK)
+                        return;   // 既�攻撃中
+                    mob_changestate(md, MS::ATTACK, attack_type);
                 }
-                return 0;
+                return;
             }
             else
             {                   // ルートモンスター処�
-                if (tbl == NULL || tbl->type != BL_ITEM || tbl->m != md->bl.m
+                if (tbl == NULL || tbl->type != BL::ITEM || tbl->m != md->bl.m
                     || (dist =
-                        distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x,
+                        distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, tbl->x,
                                   tbl->y)) >= md->min_chase || !md->lootitem)
                 {
                     // ���る�アイテム������
-                    mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);
-                    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
-                        mob_stop_walking (md, 1);   // 歩行中�ら�止
+                    mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);
+                    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
+                        mob_stop_walking(md, 1);   // 歩行中�ら�止
                 }
                 else if (dist)
                 {
-                    if (!(mode & 1))
+                    if (!bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE))
                     {           // 移動���モード
-                        mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);
-                        return 0;
+                        mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);
+                        return;
                     }
-                    if (!mob_can_move (md)) // 動���状態��る
-                        return 0;
-                    md->state.skillstate = MSS_LOOT;    // ルート時スキル使用
-                    mobskill_use (md, tick, -1);
-//                  if(md->timer != -1 && (DIFF_TICK(md->next_walktime,tick)<0 || distance(md->to_x,md->to_y,tbl->x,tbl->y)<2) )
-                    if (md->timer != -1 && md->state.state != MS_ATTACK
-                        && (DIFF_TICK (md->next_walktime, tick) < 0
-                            || distance (md->to_x, md->to_y, tbl->x,
-                                         tbl->y) <= 0))
-                        return 0;   // 既�移動中
-                    md->next_walktime = tick + 500;
+                    if (!mob_can_move(md)) // 動���状態��る
+                        return;
+                    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_LOOT;    // ルート時スキル使用
+                    mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY);
+                    if (md->timer && md->state.state != MS::ATTACK
+                        && (md->next_walktime < tick
+                            || distance(md->to_x, md->to_y, tbl->x, tbl->y) <= 0))
+                        return;   // 既�移動中
+                    md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(500);
                     dx = tbl->x - md->bl.x;
                     dy = tbl->y - md->bl.y;
-/*				if(path_search(&md->walkpath,md->bl.m,md->bl.x,md->bl.y,md->bl.x+dx,md->bl.y+dy,0)){
-						dx=tbl->x - md->bl.x;
-						dy=tbl->y - md->bl.y;
-				}*/
-                    ret = mob_walktoxy (md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy, 0);
+                    ret = mob_walktoxy(md, md->bl.x + dx, md->bl.y + dy, 0);
                     if (ret)
-                        mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);    // 移動������タゲ解除（IW��？）
+                        mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);    // 移動������タゲ解除（IW��？）
                 }
                 else
                 {               // アイテム����り���
-                    if (md->state.state == MS_ATTACK)
-                        return 0;   // 攻撃中
-                    if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
-                        mob_stop_walking (md, 1);   // 歩行中�ら�止
+                    if (md->state.state == MS::ATTACK)
+                        return;   // 攻撃中
+                    if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
+                        mob_stop_walking(md, 1);   // 歩行中�ら�止
                     fitem = (struct flooritem_data *) tbl;
                     if (md->lootitem_count < LOOTITEM_SIZE)
-                        memcpy (&md->lootitem[md->lootitem_count++],
-                                &fitem->item_data, sizeof (md->lootitem[0]));
+                        memcpy(&md->lootitem[md->lootitem_count++],
+                                &fitem->item_data, sizeof(md->lootitem[0]));
                     else if (battle_config.monster_loot_type == 1
                              && md->lootitem_count >= LOOTITEM_SIZE)
                     {
-                        mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);
-                        return 0;
+                        mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);
+                        return;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                         for (i = 0; i < LOOTITEM_SIZE - 1; i++)
-                            memcpy (&md->lootitem[i], &md->lootitem[i + 1],
-                                    sizeof (md->lootitem[0]));
-                        memcpy (&md->lootitem[LOOTITEM_SIZE - 1],
-                                &fitem->item_data, sizeof (md->lootitem[0]));
+                            memcpy(&md->lootitem[i], &md->lootitem[i + 1],
+                                    sizeof(md->lootitem[0]));
+                        memcpy(&md->lootitem[LOOTITEM_SIZE - 1],
+                                &fitem->item_data, sizeof(md->lootitem[0]));
                     }
-                    map_clearflooritem (tbl->id);
-                    mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);
+                    map_clearflooritem(tbl->id);
+                    mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);
                 }
-                return 0;
+                return;
             }
         }
         else
         {
-            mob_unlocktarget (md, tick);
-            if (md->state.state == MS_WALK)
-                mob_stop_walking (md, 4);   // 歩行中�ら�止
-            return 0;
+            mob_unlocktarget(md, tick);
+            if (md->state.state == MS::WALK)
+                mob_stop_walking(md, 4);   // 歩行中�ら�止
+            return;
         }
     }
 
     // It is skill use at the time of /standby at the time of a walk.
-    if (mobskill_use (md, tick, -1))
-        return 0;
-
-    // 歩行処�
-    if (mode & 1 && mob_can_move (md) &&    // 移動�能MOB&動�る状態��る
-        (md->master_id == 0 || md->state.special_mob_ai
-         || md->master_dist > 10))
-    {                           //�り巻�MOB�ゃ��
+    if (mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY))
+        return;
 
-        if (DIFF_TICK (md->next_walktime, tick) > +7000 &&
-            (md->walkpath.path_len == 0
-             || md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len))
+    // mobs that are not slaves can random-walk
+    if (bool(mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE)
+        && mob_can_move(md)
+        && (md->master_id == 0 || md->state.special_mob_ai
+            || md->master_dist > 10))
+    {
+        // if walktime is more than 7 seconds in the future,
+        // set it to somewhere between 3 and 5 seconds
+        if (md->next_walktime > tick + std::chrono::seconds(7)
+            && (md->walkpath.path_len == 0
+                || md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len))
         {
-            md->next_walktime = tick + 3000 * MRAND (2000);
+            md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::seconds(3)
+                + std::chrono::milliseconds(random_::to(2000));
         }
 
         // Random movement
-        if (mob_randomwalk (md, tick))
-            return 0;
+        if (mob_randomwalk(md, tick))
+            return;
     }
 
     // Since he has finished walking, it stands by.
     if (md->walkpath.path_len == 0
         || md->walkpath.path_pos >= md->walkpath.path_len)
-        md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
-    return 0;
+        md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_IDLE;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Serious processing for mob in PC field of view (foreachclient)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_ai_sub_foreachclient (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_ai_sub_foreachclient(struct map_session_data *sd, tick_t tick)
 {
-    unsigned int tick;
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_ai_sub_hard, sd->bl.m,
-                       sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                       sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2,
-                       BL_MOB, tick);
-
-    return 0;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_ai_sub_hard, ph::_1, tick),
+            sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE * 2, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE * 2,
+            sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE * 2, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE * 2, BL::MOB);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Serious processing for mob in PC field of view   (interval timer function)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_ai_hard (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void mob_ai_hard(TimerData *, tick_t tick)
 {
-    clif_foreachclient (mob_ai_sub_foreachclient, tick);
+    clif_foreachclient(std::bind(mob_ai_sub_foreachclient, ph::_1, tick));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Negligent mode MOB AI (PC is not in near)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_ai_sub_lazy (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list app)
+static
+void mob_ai_sub_lazy(struct block_list *bl, tick_t tick)
 {
-    struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *)data;
-    unsigned int tick;
-    va_list ap;
-
-    nullpo_retv (md);
-    nullpo_retv (app);
-    nullpo_retv (ap = va_arg (app, va_list));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    if (md == NULL)
+    if (bl->type != BL::MOB)
         return;
 
-    if (!md->bl.type || md->bl.type != BL_MOB)
-        return;
+    struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *)bl;
 
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (DIFF_TICK (tick, md->last_thinktime) < MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10)
+    if (tick < md->last_thinktime + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10)
         return;
     md->last_thinktime = tick;
 
-    if (md->bl.prev == NULL || md->skilltimer != -1)
+    if (md->bl.prev == NULL || md->skilltimer)
     {
-        if (DIFF_TICK (tick, md->next_walktime) > MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10)
+        if (tick > md->next_walktime + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10)
             md->next_walktime = tick;
         return;
     }
 
-    if (DIFF_TICK (md->next_walktime, tick) < 0 &&
-        (mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 1) && mob_can_move (md))
+    if (md->next_walktime < tick
+        && bool(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & MobMode::CAN_MOVE)
+        && mob_can_move(md))
     {
 
         if (map[md->bl.m].users > 0)
@@ -2373,14 +2115,15 @@ static void mob_ai_sub_lazy (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list app)
             // Since PC is in the same map, somewhat better negligent processing is carried out.
 
             // It sometimes moves.
-            if (MRAND (1000) < MOB_LAZYMOVEPERC)
-                mob_randomwalk (md, tick);
+            if (random_::chance(MOB_LAZYMOVEPERC))
+                mob_randomwalk(md, tick);
 
             // MOB which is not not the summons MOB but BOSS, either sometimes reboils.
-            else if (MRAND (1000) < MOB_LAZYWARPPERC && md->x0 <= 0
-                     && md->master_id != 0 && mob_db[md->mob_class].mexp <= 0
-                     && !(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x20))
-                mob_spawn (md->bl.id);
+            else if (random_::chance(MOB_LAZYWARPPERC)
+                    && md->x0 <= 0
+                    && md->master_id != 0
+                    && !bool(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & MobMode::BOSS))
+                mob_spawn(md->bl.id);
 
         }
         else
@@ -2388,13 +2131,14 @@ static void mob_ai_sub_lazy (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list app)
             // Since PC is not even in the same map, suitable processing is carried out even if it takes.
 
             // MOB which is not BOSS which is not Summons MOB, either -- a case -- sometimes -- leaping
-            if (MRAND (1000) < MOB_LAZYWARPPERC && md->x0 <= 0
-                && md->master_id != 0 && mob_db[md->mob_class].mexp <= 0
-                && !(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x20))
-                mob_warp (md, -1, -1, -1, -1);
+            if (random_::chance(MOB_LAZYWARPPERC)
+                && md->x0 <= 0
+                && md->master_id != 0
+                && !bool(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & MobMode::BOSS))
+                mob_warp(md, -1, -1, -1, BeingRemoveWhy::NEGATIVE1);
         }
 
-        md->next_walktime = tick + MPRAND (5000, 10000);
+        md->next_walktime = tick + std::chrono::seconds(5) + std::chrono::milliseconds(random_::to(10 * 1000));
     }
 }
 
@@ -2402,9 +2146,11 @@ static void mob_ai_sub_lazy (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list app)
  * Negligent processing for mob outside PC field of view   (interval timer function)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_ai_lazy (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void mob_ai_lazy(TimerData *, tick_t tick)
 {
-    map_foreachiddb (mob_ai_sub_lazy, tick);
+    for (auto& pair : id_db)
+        mob_ai_sub_lazy(pair.second, tick);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2415,14 +2161,14 @@ static void mob_ai_lazy (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_
  */
 struct delay_item_drop
 {
-    int  m, x, y;
-    int  nameid, amount;
+    int m, x, y;
+    int nameid, amount;
     struct map_session_data *first_sd, *second_sd, *third_sd;
 };
 
 struct delay_item_drop2
 {
-    int  m, x, y;
+    int m, x, y;
     struct item item_data;
     struct map_session_data *first_sd, *second_sd, *third_sd;
 };
@@ -2431,116 +2177,117 @@ struct delay_item_drop2
  * item drop with delay (timer function)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_delay_item_drop (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void mob_delay_item_drop(TimerData *, tick_t, struct delay_item_drop *ditem)
 {
-    struct delay_item_drop *ditem;
     struct item temp_item;
-    int  flag;
+    PickupFail flag;
 
-    nullpo_retv (ditem = (struct delay_item_drop *) id);
+    nullpo_retv(ditem);
 
-    memset (&temp_item, 0, sizeof (temp_item));
+    memset(&temp_item, 0, sizeof(temp_item));
     temp_item.nameid = ditem->nameid;
     temp_item.amount = ditem->amount;
-    temp_item.identify = !itemdb_isequip3 (temp_item.nameid);
+    temp_item.identify = !itemdb_isequip3(temp_item.nameid);
 
     if (battle_config.item_auto_get == 1)
     {
         if (ditem->first_sd
             && (flag =
-                pc_additem (ditem->first_sd, &temp_item, ditem->amount)))
+                pc_additem(ditem->first_sd, &temp_item, ditem->amount))
+            != PickupFail::OKAY)
         {
-            clif_additem (ditem->first_sd, 0, 0, flag);
-            map_addflooritem (&temp_item, 1, ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y,
-                              ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd,
-                              ditem->third_sd, 0);
+            clif_additem(ditem->first_sd, 0, 0, flag);
+            map_addflooritem(&temp_item, 1,
+                    ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y,
+                    ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd, ditem->third_sd);
         }
-        free (ditem);
+        free(ditem);
         return;
     }
 
-    map_addflooritem (&temp_item, 1, ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y,
-                      ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd, ditem->third_sd, 0);
+    map_addflooritem(&temp_item, 1,
+            ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y,
+            ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd, ditem->third_sd);
 
-    free (ditem);
+    free(ditem);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * item drop (timer function)-lootitem with delay
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void mob_delay_item_drop2 (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void mob_delay_item_drop2(TimerData *, tick_t, struct delay_item_drop2 *ditem)
 {
-    struct delay_item_drop2 *ditem;
-    int  flag;
+    PickupFail flag;
 
-    nullpo_retv (ditem = (struct delay_item_drop2 *) id);
+    nullpo_retv(ditem);
 
     if (battle_config.item_auto_get == 1)
     {
         if (ditem->first_sd
             && (flag =
-                pc_additem (ditem->first_sd, &ditem->item_data,
-                            ditem->item_data.amount)))
+                pc_additem(ditem->first_sd, &ditem->item_data,
+                            ditem->item_data.amount))
+            != PickupFail::OKAY)
         {
-            clif_additem (ditem->first_sd, 0, 0, flag);
-            map_addflooritem (&ditem->item_data, ditem->item_data.amount,
-                              ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y, ditem->first_sd,
-                              ditem->second_sd, ditem->third_sd, 0);
+            clif_additem(ditem->first_sd, 0, 0, flag);
+            map_addflooritem(&ditem->item_data, ditem->item_data.amount,
+                    ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y,
+                    ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd, ditem->third_sd);
         }
-        free (ditem);
+        free(ditem);
         return;
     }
 
-    map_addflooritem (&ditem->item_data, ditem->item_data.amount, ditem->m,
-                      ditem->x, ditem->y, ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd,
-                      ditem->third_sd, 0);
+    map_addflooritem(&ditem->item_data, ditem->item_data.amount,
+            ditem->m, ditem->x, ditem->y,
+            ditem->first_sd, ditem->second_sd, ditem->third_sd);
 
-    free (ditem);
+    free(ditem);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * mob data is erased.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_delete (struct mob_data *md)
+int mob_delete(struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, md);
+    nullpo_retr(1, md);
 
     if (md->bl.prev == NULL)
         return 1;
-    mob_changestate (md, MS_DEAD, 0);
-    clif_clearchar_area (&md->bl, 1);
-    map_delblock (&md->bl);
-    if (mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) <= 1000)
-        clif_clearchar_delay (gettick () + 3000, &md->bl, 0);
-    mob_deleteslave (md);
-    mob_setdelayspawn (md->bl.id);
+    mob_changestate(md, MS::DEAD, 0);
+    clif_clearchar(&md->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
+    map_delblock(&md->bl);
+    mob_deleteslave(md);
+    mob_setdelayspawn(md->bl.id);
     return 0;
 }
 
-int mob_catch_delete (struct mob_data *md, int type)
+int mob_catch_delete(struct mob_data *md, BeingRemoveWhy type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, md);
+    nullpo_retr(1, md);
 
     if (md->bl.prev == NULL)
         return 1;
-    mob_changestate (md, MS_DEAD, 0);
-    clif_clearchar_area (&md->bl, type);
-    map_delblock (&md->bl);
-    mob_setdelayspawn (md->bl.id);
+    mob_changestate(md, MS::DEAD, 0);
+    clif_clearchar(&md->bl, type);
+    map_delblock(&md->bl);
+    mob_setdelayspawn(md->bl.id);
     return 0;
 }
 
-void mob_timer_delete (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void mob_timer_delete(TimerData *, tick_t, int id)
 {
-    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl (id);
+    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl(id);
     struct mob_data *md;
 
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
     md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-    mob_catch_delete (md, 3);
+    mob_catch_delete(md, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2548,37 +2295,36 @@ void mob_timer_delete (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_deleteslave_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void mob_deleteslave_sub(struct block_list *bl, int id)
 {
     struct mob_data *md;
-    int  id;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
 
-    id = va_arg (ap, int);
     if (md->master_id > 0 && md->master_id == id)
-        mob_damage (NULL, md, md->hp, 1);
-    return 0;
+        mob_damage(NULL, md, md->hp, 1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_deleteslave (struct mob_data *md)
+int mob_deleteslave(struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_deleteslave_sub, md->bl.m,
-                       0, 0, map[md->bl.m].xs, map[md->bl.m].ys,
-                       BL_MOB, md->bl.id);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_deleteslave_sub, ph::_1, md->bl.id),
+            md->bl.m, 0, 0,
+            map[md->bl.m].xs, map[md->bl.m].ys, BL::MOB);
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define DAMAGE_BONUS_COUNT 6    // max. number of players to account for
-const static double damage_bonus_factor[DAMAGE_BONUS_COUNT + 1] = {
+// max. number of players to account for
+constexpr int DAMAGE_BONUS_COUNT = 6;
+const static
+double damage_bonus_factor[DAMAGE_BONUS_COUNT + 1] =
+{
     1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 2.75, 2.9, 3.0
 };
 
@@ -2586,7 +2332,7 @@ const static double damage_bonus_factor[DAMAGE_BONUS_COUNT + 1] = {
  * It is the damage of sd to damage to md.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
+int mob_damage(struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
                 int type)
 {
     int count, minpos, mindmg;
@@ -2594,64 +2340,62 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
     struct
     {
         struct party *p;
-        int  id, base_exp, job_exp;
+        int id, base_exp, job_exp;
     } pt[DAMAGELOG_SIZE];
-    int  pnum = 0;
-    int  mvp_damage, max_hp;
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
+    int pnum = 0;
+    int mvp_damage, max_hp;
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
     struct map_session_data *mvp_sd = NULL, *second_sd = NULL, *third_sd =
         NULL;
-    double dmg_rate, tdmg, temp;
-    struct item item;
-    int  ret;
-    int  skill, sp;
+    double tdmg;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);        //src�NULL�呼�れる場�も�る���他��ェック
+    nullpo_ret(md);        //src�NULL�呼�れる場�も�る���他��ェック
 
     if (src && src->id == md->master_id
-        && md->mode & MOB_MODE_TURNS_AGAINST_BAD_MASTER)
+        && bool(md->mode & MobMode::TURNS_AGAINST_BAD_MASTER))
     {
         /* If the master hits a monster, have the monster turn against him */
         md->master_id = 0;
-        md->mode = 0x85;        /* Regular war mode */
+        md->mode = MobMode::war;        /* Regular war mode */
         md->target_id = src->id;
         md->attacked_id = src->id;
     }
 
-    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
+    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp(&md->bl);
 
-    if (src && src->type == BL_PC)
+    if (src && src->type == BL::PC)
     {
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
         mvp_sd = sd;
     }
 
 //  if(battle_config.battle_log)
-//      printf("mob_damage %d %d %d\n",md->hp,max_hp,damage);
+//      PRINTF("mob_damage %d %d %d\n",md->hp,max_hp,damage);
     if (md->bl.prev == NULL)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log == 1)
-            printf ("mob_damage : BlockError!!\n");
+            PRINTF("mob_damage : BlockError!!\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (md->state.state == MS_DEAD || md->hp <= 0)
+    if (md->state.state == MS::DEAD || md->hp <= 0)
     {
         if (md->bl.prev != NULL)
         {
-            mob_changestate (md, MS_DEAD, 0);
-            mobskill_use (md, tick, -1);    // It is skill at the time of death.
-            clif_clearchar_area (&md->bl, 1);
-            map_delblock (&md->bl);
-            mob_setdelayspawn (md->bl.id);
+            mob_changestate(md, MS::DEAD, 0);
+            // It is skill at the time of death.
+            mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY);
+
+            clif_clearchar(&md->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
+            map_delblock(&md->bl);
+            mob_setdelayspawn(md->bl.id);
         }
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (md->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer == -1)
-        mob_stop_walking (md, 3);
+    mob_stop_walking(md, 3);
     if (damage > max_hp >> 2)
-        skill_stop_dancing (&md->bl, 0);
+        skill_stop_dancing(&md->bl, 0);
 
     if (md->hp > max_hp)
         md->hp = max_hp;
@@ -2692,20 +2436,20 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
             if (md->attacked_id <= 0 && md->state.special_mob_ai == 0)
                 md->attacked_id = sd->bl.id;
         }
-        if (src && src->type == BL_MOB
+        if (src && src->type == BL::MOB
             && ((struct mob_data *) src)->state.special_mob_ai)
         {
             struct mob_data *md2 = (struct mob_data *) src;
-            struct block_list *master_bl = map_id2bl (md2->master_id);
-            if (master_bl && master_bl->type == BL_PC)
+            struct block_list *master_bl = map_id2bl(md2->master_id);
+            if (master_bl && master_bl->type == BL::PC)
             {
-                MAP_LOG_PC (((struct map_session_data *) master_bl),
+                MAP_LOG_PC(((struct map_session_data *) master_bl),
                             "MOB-TO-MOB-DMG FROM MOB%d %d TO MOB%d %d FOR %d",
                             md2->bl.id, md2->mob_class, md->bl.id, md->mob_class,
                             damage);
             }
 
-            nullpo_retr (0, md2);
+            nullpo_ret(md2);
             int i;
             for (i = 0, minpos = 0, mindmg = 0x7fffffff; i < DAMAGELOG_SIZE;
                  i++)
@@ -2739,138 +2483,27 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
 
     md->hp -= damage;
 
-    if (md->mob_class >= 1285 && md->mob_class <= 1287)
-    {                           // guardian hp update [Valaris]
-        struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[md->bl.m].name);
-        if (gc)
-        {
-
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID0)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp0 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp0 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 10, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 18, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID1)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp1 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp1 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 11, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 19, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID2)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp2 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp2 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 12, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 20, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID3)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp3 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp3 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 13, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 21, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID4)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp4 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp4 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 14, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 22, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID5)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp5 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp5 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 15, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 23, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID6)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp6 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp6 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 16, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 24, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID7)
-            {
-                gc->Ghp7 = md->hp;
-                if (gc->Ghp7 <= 0)
-                {
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 17, 0);
-                    guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 25, 0);
-
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
-
-    if (md->option & 2)
-        skill_status_change_end (&md->bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-    if (md->option & 4)
-        skill_status_change_end (&md->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-
-    if (md->state.special_mob_ai == 2)
-    {                           //スフィアーマイン
-        int  skillidx = 0;
-
-        if ((skillidx =
-             mob_skillid2skillidx (md->mob_class, NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2)) >= 0)
-        {
-            md->mode |= 0x1;
-            md->next_walktime = tick;
-            mobskill_use_id (md, &md->bl, skillidx);    //自爆詠唱開始
-            md->state.special_mob_ai++;
-        }
-    }
-
     if (md->hp > 0)
     {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    MAP_LOG ("MOB%d DEAD", md->bl.id);
+    MAP_LOG("MOB%d DEAD", md->bl.id);
 
     // ----- ���ら死亡処� -----
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
-    mob_changestate (md, MS_DEAD, 0);
-    mobskill_use (md, tick, -1);    // 死亡時スキル
+    map_freeblock_lock();
+    // cancels timers
+    mob_changestate(md, MS::DEAD, 0);
+    mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY);
 
-    memset (tmpsd, 0, sizeof (tmpsd));
-    memset (pt, 0, sizeof (pt));
+    memset(tmpsd, 0, sizeof(tmpsd));
+    memset(pt, 0, sizeof(pt));
 
-    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
+    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp(&md->bl);
 
-    if (src && src->type == BL_MOB)
-        mob_unlocktarget ((struct mob_data *) src, tick);
-
-    /* ソウルドレイン */
-    if (sd && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HW_SOULDRAIN)) > 0)
-    {
-        clif_skill_nodamage (src, &md->bl, HW_SOULDRAIN, skill, 1);
-        sp = (battle_get_lv (&md->bl)) * (65 + 15 * skill) / 100;
-        if (sd->status.sp + sp > sd->status.max_sp)
-            sp = sd->status.max_sp - sd->status.sp;
-        sd->status.sp += sp;
-        clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_SP, sp);
-    }
+    if (src && src->type == BL::MOB)
+        mob_unlocktarget((struct mob_data *) src, tick);
 
     // map外�消��人�計算�ら除���
     // overkill分�無���sum�max_hp����
@@ -2882,11 +2515,11 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
     {
         if (md->dmglog[i].id == 0)
             continue;
-        tmpsd[i] = map_id2sd (md->dmglog[i].id);
+        tmpsd[i] = map_id2sd(md->dmglog[i].id);
         if (tmpsd[i] == NULL)
             continue;
         count++;
-        if (tmpsd[i]->bl.m != md->bl.m || pc_isdead (tmpsd[i]))
+        if (tmpsd[i]->bl.m != md->bl.m || pc_isdead(tmpsd[i]))
             continue;
 
         tdmg += (double) md->dmglog[i].dmg;
@@ -2902,31 +2535,25 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
     // [MouseJstr]
     if ((map[md->bl.m].flag.pvp == 0) || (battle_config.pvp_exp == 1))
     {
-
-        if ((double) max_hp < tdmg)
-            dmg_rate = ((double) max_hp) / tdmg;
-        else
-            dmg_rate = 1;
-
         // 経験値�分�
         for (int i = 0; i < DAMAGELOG_SIZE; i++)
         {
 
-            int  pid, base_exp, job_exp, flag = 1;
+            int pid, base_exp, job_exp, flag = 1;
             double per;
             struct party *p;
             if (tmpsd[i] == NULL || tmpsd[i]->bl.m != md->bl.m)
                 continue;
 /* jAthena's exp formula
-		per = ((double)md->dmglog[i].dmg)*(9.+(double)((count > 6)? 6:count))/10./((double)max_hp) * dmg_rate;
-		temp = ((double)mob_db[md->mob_class].base_exp * (double)battle_config.base_exp_rate / 100. * per);
-		base_exp = (temp > 2147483647.)? 0x7fffffff:(int)temp;
-		if(mob_db[md->mob_class].base_exp > 0 && base_exp < 1) base_exp = 1;
-		if(base_exp < 0) base_exp = 0;
-		temp = ((double)mob_db[md->mob_class].job_exp * (double)battle_config.job_exp_rate / 100. * per);
-		job_exp = (temp > 2147483647.)? 0x7fffffff:(int)temp;
-		if(mob_db[md->mob_class].job_exp > 0 && job_exp < 1) job_exp = 1;
-		if(job_exp < 0) job_exp = 0;
+                per = ((double)md->dmglog[i].dmg)* (9.+(double)((count > 6)? 6:count))/10./((double)max_hp) * dmg_rate;
+                temp = ((double)mob_db[md->mob_class].base_exp * (double)battle_config.base_exp_rate / 100. * per);
+                base_exp = (temp > 2147483647.)? 0x7fffffff:(int)temp;
+                if (mob_db[md->mob_class].base_exp > 0 && base_exp < 1) base_exp = 1;
+                if (base_exp < 0) base_exp = 0;
+                temp = ((double)mob_db[md->mob_class].job_exp * (double)battle_config.job_exp_rate / 100. * per);
+                job_exp = (temp > 2147483647.)? 0x7fffffff:(int)temp;
+                if (mob_db[md->mob_class].job_exp > 0 && job_exp < 1) job_exp = 1;
+                if (job_exp < 0) job_exp = 0;
 */
 //eAthena's exp formula rather than jAthena's
 //      per=(double)md->dmglog[i].dmg*256*(9+(double)((count > 6)? 6:count))/10/(double)max_hp;
@@ -2940,7 +2567,7 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
 
             base_exp =
                 ((mob_db[md->mob_class].base_exp *
-                  md->stats[MOB_XP_BONUS]) >> MOB_XP_BONUS_SHIFT) * per / 256;
+                  md->stats[mob_stat::XP_BONUS]) >> MOB_XP_BONUS_SHIFT) * per / 256;
             if (base_exp < 1)
                 base_exp = 1;
             if (sd && md && battle_config.pk_mode == 1
@@ -2965,13 +2592,13 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
 
             if ((pid = tmpsd[i]->status.party_id) > 0)
             {                   // パーティ�入���る
-                int  j = 0;
+                int j = 0;
                 for (j = 0; j < pnum; j++)  // 公平パーティリスト��る����
                     if (pt[j].id == pid)
                         break;
                 if (j == pnum)
                 {               // ������公平����確�
-                    if ((p = party_search (pid)) != NULL && p->exp != 0)
+                    if ((p = party_search(pid)) != NULL && p->exp != 0)
                     {
                         pt[pnum].id = pid;
                         pt[pnum].p = p;
@@ -2989,11 +2616,12 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
                 }
             }
             if (flag)           // �自所得
-                pc_gainexp (tmpsd[i], base_exp, job_exp);
+                pc_gainexp_reason(tmpsd[i], base_exp, job_exp,
+                                  PC_GAINEXP_REASON::KILLING);
         }
         // 公平分�
         for (int i = 0; i < pnum; i++)
-            party_exp_share (pt[i].p, md->bl.m, pt[i].base_exp,
+            party_exp_share(pt[i].p, md->bl.m, pt[i].base_exp,
                              pt[i].job_exp);
 
         // item drop
@@ -3002,26 +2630,23 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
             for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
             {
                 struct delay_item_drop *ditem;
-                int  drop_rate;
 
                 if (md->state.special_mob_ai >= 1 && battle_config.alchemist_summon_reward != 1)    // Added [Valaris]
                     break;      // End
 
                 if (mob_db[md->mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid <= 0)
                     continue;
-                drop_rate = mob_db[md->mob_class].dropitem[i].p;
-                if (drop_rate <= 0 && battle_config.drop_rate0item == 1)
-                    drop_rate = 1;
+                random_::Fixed<int, 10000> drop_rate = mob_db[md->mob_class].dropitem[i].p;
                 if (battle_config.drops_by_luk > 0 && sd && md)
-                    drop_rate += (sd->status.luk * battle_config.drops_by_luk) / 100;   // drops affected by luk [Valaris]
+                    drop_rate.num += (sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK] * battle_config.drops_by_luk) / 100;   // drops affected by luk [Valaris]
                 if (sd && md && battle_config.pk_mode == 1
                     && (mob_db[md->mob_class].lv - sd->status.base_level >= 20))
-                    drop_rate *= 1.25;  // pk_mode increase drops if 20 level difference [Valaris]
-                if (drop_rate <= MRAND (10000))
+                    drop_rate.num *= 1.25;  // pk_mode increase drops if 20 level difference [Valaris]
+                if (!random_::chance(drop_rate))
                     continue;
 
                 ditem = (struct delay_item_drop *)
-                    calloc (1, sizeof (struct delay_item_drop));
+                    calloc(1, sizeof(struct delay_item_drop));
                 ditem->nameid = mob_db[md->mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid;
                 ditem->amount = 1;
                 ditem->m = md->bl.m;
@@ -3030,43 +2655,10 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
                 ditem->first_sd = mvp_sd;
                 ditem->second_sd = second_sd;
                 ditem->third_sd = third_sd;
-                add_timer (tick + 500 + i, mob_delay_item_drop, (int) ditem, 0);
-            }
-            if (sd && sd->state.attack_type == BF_WEAPON)
-            {
-                for (int i = 0; i < sd->monster_drop_item_count; i++)
-                {
-                    struct delay_item_drop *ditem;
-                    int  race = battle_get_race (&md->bl);
-                    if (sd->monster_drop_itemid[i] <= 0)
-                        continue;
-                    if (sd->monster_drop_race[i] & (1 << race) ||
-                        (mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x20
-                         && sd->monster_drop_race[i] & 1 << 10)
-                        || (!(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x20)
-                            && sd->monster_drop_race[i] & 1 << 11))
-                    {
-                        if (sd->monster_drop_itemrate[i] <= MRAND (10000))
-                            continue;
-
-                        ditem = (struct delay_item_drop *)
-                            calloc (1, sizeof (struct delay_item_drop));
-                        ditem->nameid = sd->monster_drop_itemid[i];
-                        ditem->amount = 1;
-                        ditem->m = md->bl.m;
-                        ditem->x = md->bl.x;
-                        ditem->y = md->bl.y;
-                        ditem->first_sd = mvp_sd;
-                        ditem->second_sd = second_sd;
-                        ditem->third_sd = third_sd;
-                        add_timer (tick + 520 + i, mob_delay_item_drop,
-                                   (int) ditem, 0);
-                    }
-                }
-                if (sd->get_zeny_num > 0)
-                    pc_getzeny (sd,
-                                mob_db[md->mob_class].lv * 10 +
-                                MRAND ((sd->get_zeny_num + 1)));
+                Timer(tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(500) + static_cast<interval_t>(i),
+                        std::bind(mob_delay_item_drop, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                            ditem)
+                ).detach();
             }
             if (md->lootitem)
             {
@@ -3075,80 +2667,25 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
                     struct delay_item_drop2 *ditem;
 
                     ditem = (struct delay_item_drop2 *)
-                        calloc (1, sizeof (struct delay_item_drop2));
-                    memcpy (&ditem->item_data, &md->lootitem[i],
-                            sizeof (md->lootitem[0]));
+                        calloc(1, sizeof(struct delay_item_drop2));
+                    memcpy(&ditem->item_data, &md->lootitem[i],
+                            sizeof(md->lootitem[0]));
                     ditem->m = md->bl.m;
                     ditem->x = md->bl.x;
                     ditem->y = md->bl.y;
                     ditem->first_sd = mvp_sd;
                     ditem->second_sd = second_sd;
                     ditem->third_sd = third_sd;
-                    add_timer (tick + 540 + i, mob_delay_item_drop2,
-                               (int) ditem, 0);
+                    // ?
+                    Timer(tick + std::chrono::milliseconds(540) + static_cast<interval_t>(i),
+                            std::bind(mob_delay_item_drop2, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                                ditem)
+                    ).detach();
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        // mvp処�
-        if (mvp_sd && mob_db[md->mob_class].mexp > 0)
-        {
-            int  j;
-            int  mexp = battle_get_mexp (&md->bl);
-            temp =
-                ((double) mexp * (double) battle_config.mvp_exp_rate *
-                 (9. + (double) count) / 1000.);
-            mexp = (temp > 2147483647.) ? 0x7fffffff : (int) temp;
-            if (mexp < 1)
-                mexp = 1;
-            clif_mvp_effect (mvp_sd);   // エフェクト
-            clif_mvp_exp (mvp_sd, mexp);
-            pc_gainexp (mvp_sd, mexp, 0);
-            for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
-            {
-                int i = MRAND (3);
-                if (mob_db[md->mob_class].mvpitem[i].nameid <= 0)
-                    continue;
-                int drop_rate = mob_db[md->mob_class].mvpitem[i].p;
-                if (drop_rate <= 0 && battle_config.drop_rate0item == 1)
-                    drop_rate = 1;
-                if (drop_rate < battle_config.item_drop_mvp_min)
-                    drop_rate = battle_config.item_drop_mvp_min;
-                if (drop_rate > battle_config.item_drop_mvp_max)
-                    drop_rate = battle_config.item_drop_mvp_max;
-                if (drop_rate <= MRAND (10000))
-                    continue;
-                memset (&item, 0, sizeof (item));
-                item.nameid = mob_db[md->mob_class].mvpitem[i].nameid;
-                item.identify = !itemdb_isequip3 (item.nameid);
-                clif_mvp_item (mvp_sd, item.nameid);
-                if (mvp_sd->weight * 2 > mvp_sd->max_weight)
-                    map_addflooritem (&item, 1, mvp_sd->bl.m, mvp_sd->bl.x,
-                                      mvp_sd->bl.y, mvp_sd, second_sd,
-                                      third_sd, 1);
-                else if ((ret = pc_additem (mvp_sd, &item, 1)))
-                {
-                    clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, ret);
-                    map_addflooritem (&item, 1, mvp_sd->bl.m, mvp_sd->bl.x,
-                                      mvp_sd->bl.y, mvp_sd, second_sd,
-                                      third_sd, 1);
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
     }                           // [MouseJstr]
 
-    // <Agit> NPC Event [OnAgitBreak]
-    if (md->npc_event[0]
-        && strcmp (((md->npc_event) + strlen (md->npc_event) - 13),
-                   "::OnAgitBreak") == 0)
-    {
-        printf ("MOB.C: Run NPC_Event[OnAgitBreak].\n");
-        if (agit_flag == 1)     //Call to Run NPC_Event[OnAgitBreak]
-            guild_agit_break (md);
-    }
-
     // SCRIPT実行
     if (md->npc_event[0])
     {
@@ -3159,7 +2696,7 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
             else
             {
                 struct map_session_data *tmp_sd;
-                int  i;
+                int i;
                 for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
                 {
                     if (session[i] && (tmp_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
@@ -3175,95 +2712,14 @@ int mob_damage (struct block_list *src, struct mob_data *md, int damage,
             }
         }
         if (sd)
-            npc_event (sd, md->npc_event, 0);
+            npc_event(sd, md->npc_event, 0);
     }
 
-    clif_clearchar_area (&md->bl, 1);
-    map_delblock (&md->bl);
-    if (mob_get_viewclass (md->mob_class) <= 1000)
-        clif_clearchar_delay (tick + 3000, &md->bl, 0);
-    mob_deleteslave (md);
-    mob_setdelayspawn (md->bl.id);
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int mob_class_change (struct mob_data *md, int *value)
-{
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-    int  i, c, hp_rate, max_hp, mob_class, count = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-    nullpo_retr (0, value);
-
-    if (value[0] <= 1000 || value[0] > 2000)
-        return 0;
-    if (md->bl.prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    while (count < 5 && value[count] > 1000 && value[count] <= 2000)
-        count++;
-    if (count < 1)
-        return 0;
-
-    mob_class = value[MRAND (count)];
-    if (mob_class <= 1000 || mob_class > 2000)
-        return 0;
-
-    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
-    hp_rate = md->hp * 100 / max_hp;
-    clif_mob_class_change (md, mob_class);
-    md->mob_class = mob_class;
-    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
-    if (battle_config.monster_class_change_full_recover == 1)
-    {
-        md->hp = max_hp;
-        memset (md->dmglog, 0, sizeof (md->dmglog));
-    }
-    else
-        md->hp = max_hp * hp_rate / 100;
-    if (md->hp > max_hp)
-        md->hp = max_hp;
-    else if (md->hp < 1)
-        md->hp = 1;
-
-    memcpy (md->name, mob_db[mob_class].jname, 24);
-    memset (&md->state, 0, sizeof (md->state));
-    md->attacked_id = 0;
-    md->target_id = 0;
-    md->move_fail_count = 0;
-
-    md->stats[MOB_SPEED] = mob_db[md->mob_class].speed;
-    md->def_ele = mob_db[md->mob_class].element;
-
-    mob_changestate (md, MS_IDLE, 0);
-    skill_castcancel (&md->bl, 0);
-    md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
-    md->last_thinktime = tick;
-    md->next_walktime = tick + MPRAND (5000, 50);
-    md->attackabletime = tick;
-    md->canmove_tick = tick;
-    md->sg_count = 0;
-
-    for (i = 0, c = tick - 1000 * 3600 * 10; i < MAX_MOBSKILL; i++)
-        md->skilldelay[i] = c;
-    md->skillid = 0;
-    md->skilllv = 0;
-
-    if (md->lootitem == NULL && mob_db[mob_class].mode & 0x02)
-        md->lootitem = (struct item *)
-            calloc (LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof (struct item));
-
-    skill_clear_unitgroup (&md->bl);
-    skill_cleartimerskill (&md->bl);
-
-    clif_clearchar_area (&md->bl, 0);
-    clif_spawnmob (md);
+    clif_clearchar(&md->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
+    map_delblock(&md->bl);
+    mob_deleteslave(md);
+    mob_setdelayspawn(md->bl.id);
+    map_freeblock_unlock();
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3272,40 +2728,16 @@ int mob_class_change (struct mob_data *md, int *value)
  * mob回復
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_heal (struct mob_data *md, int heal)
+int mob_heal(struct mob_data *md, int heal)
 {
-    int  max_hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
+    int max_hp = battle_get_max_hp(&md->bl);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
     md->hp += heal;
     if (max_hp < md->hp)
         md->hp = max_hp;
 
-    if (md->mob_class >= 1285 && md->mob_class <= 1287)
-    {                           // guardian hp update [Valaris]
-        struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[md->bl.m].name);
-        if (gc)
-        {
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID0)
-                gc->Ghp0 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID1)
-                gc->Ghp1 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID2)
-                gc->Ghp2 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID3)
-                gc->Ghp3 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID4)
-                gc->Ghp4 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID5)
-                gc->Ghp5 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID6)
-                gc->Ghp6 = md->hp;
-            if (md->bl.id == gc->GID7)
-                gc->Ghp7 = md->hp;
-        }
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3314,18 +2746,14 @@ int mob_heal (struct mob_data *md, int heal)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_warpslave_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void mob_warpslave_sub(struct block_list *bl, int id, int x, int y)
 {
     struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-    int  id, x, y;
-    id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    x = va_arg (ap, int);
-    y = va_arg (ap, int);
+
     if (md->master_id == id)
     {
-        mob_warp (md, -1, x, y, 2);
+        mob_warp(md, -1, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::QUIT);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3333,13 +2761,12 @@ int mob_warpslave_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_warpslave (struct mob_data *md, int x, int y)
+int mob_warpslave(struct mob_data *md, int x, int y)
 {
-//printf("warp slave\n");
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_warpslave_sub, md->bl.m,
-                       x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
-                       x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE, BL_MOB,
-                       md->bl.id, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
+//PRINTF("warp slave\n");
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_warpslave_sub, ph::_1, md->bl.id, md->bl.x, md->bl.y),
+            md->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
+            x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE, BL::MOB);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3347,11 +2774,11 @@ int mob_warpslave (struct mob_data *md, int x, int y)
  * mobワープ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_warp (struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, int type)
+int mob_warp(struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, BeingRemoveWhy type)
 {
-    int  i = 0, c, xs = 0, ys = 0, bx = x, by = y;
+    int i = 0, xs = 0, ys = 0, bx = x, by = y;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
     if (md->bl.prev == NULL)
         return 0;
@@ -3359,35 +2786,38 @@ int mob_warp (struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, int type)
     if (m < 0)
         m = md->bl.m;
 
-    if (type >= 0)
+    if (type != BeingRemoveWhy::NEGATIVE1)
     {
         if (map[md->bl.m].flag.monster_noteleport)
             return 0;
-        clif_clearchar_area (&md->bl, type);
+        clif_clearchar(&md->bl, type);
     }
-    skill_unit_out_all (&md->bl, gettick (), 1);
-    map_delblock (&md->bl);
+    map_delblock(&md->bl);
 
     if (bx > 0 && by > 0)
     {                           // �置指定�場�周囲９セルを探索
         xs = ys = 9;
     }
 
-    while ((x < 0 || y < 0 || ((c = read_gat (m, x, y)) == 1 || c == 5))
-           && (i++) < 1000)
+    while ((x < 0
+            || y < 0
+            || bool(read_gat(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
+       && (i++) < 1000)
     {
         if (xs > 0 && ys > 0 && i < 250)
-        {                       // 指定�置付近�探索
-            x = MPRAND (bx, xs) - xs / 2;
-            y = MPRAND (by, ys) - ys / 2;
+        {
+            // 指定�置付近�探索
+            x = bx + random_::to(xs) - xs / 2;
+            y = by + random_::to(ys) - ys / 2;
         }
         else
-        {                       // 完全ランダム探索
-            x = MPRAND (1, (map[m].xs - 2));
-            y = MPRAND (1, (map[m].ys - 2));
+        {
+            // 完全ランダム探索
+            x = random_::in(1, map[m].xs - 2);
+            y = random_::in(1, map[m].ys - 2);
         }
     }
-    md->dir = 0;
+    md->dir = DIR::S;
     if (i < 1000)
     {
         md->bl.x = md->to_x = x;
@@ -3396,29 +2826,29 @@ int mob_warp (struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, int type)
     }
     else
     {
-        m = md->bl.m;
         if (battle_config.error_log == 1)
-            printf ("MOB %d warp failed, mob_class = %d\n", md->bl.id, md->mob_class);
+            PRINTF("MOB %d warp failed, mob_class = %d\n", md->bl.id, md->mob_class);
     }
 
     md->target_id = 0;          // タゲを解除�る
-    md->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
+    md->state.attackable = false;
     md->attacked_id = 0;
-    md->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
-    mob_changestate (md, MS_IDLE, 0);
+    md->state.skillstate = MobSkillState::MSS_IDLE;
+    mob_changestate(md, MS::IDLE, 0);
 
-    if (type > 0 && i == 1000)
+    if (type != BeingRemoveWhy::GONE && type != BeingRemoveWhy::NEGATIVE1
+        && i == 1000)
     {
         if (battle_config.battle_log == 1)
-            printf ("MOB %d warp to (%d,%d), mob_class = %d\n", md->bl.id, x, y,
+            PRINTF("MOB %d warp to (%d,%d), mob_class = %d\n", md->bl.id, x, y,
                     md->mob_class);
     }
 
-    map_addblock (&md->bl);
-    if (type > 0)
+    map_addblock(&md->bl);
+    if (type != BeingRemoveWhy::GONE && type != BeingRemoveWhy::NEGATIVE1)
     {
-        clif_spawnmob (md);
-        mob_warpslave (md, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
+        clif_spawnmob(md);
+        mob_warpslave(md, md->bl.x, md->bl.y);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -3429,21 +2859,15 @@ int mob_warp (struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, int type)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_countslave_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void mob_countslave_sub(struct block_list *bl, int id, int *c)
 {
-    int  id, *c;
     struct mob_data *md;
 
-    id = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
 
     if (md->master_id == id)
         (*c)++;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3451,15 +2875,15 @@ int mob_countslave_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mob_countslave (struct mob_data *md)
+int mob_countslave(struct mob_data *md)
 {
-    int  c = 0;
+    int c = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_countslave_sub, md->bl.m,
-                       0, 0, map[md->bl.m].xs - 1, map[md->bl.m].ys - 1,
-                       BL_MOB, md->bl.id, &c);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_countslave_sub, ph::_1, md->bl.id, &c),
+            md->bl.m, 0, 0,
+            map[md->bl.m].xs - 1, map[md->bl.m].ys - 1, BL::MOB);
     return c;
 }
 
@@ -3467,13 +2891,13 @@ int mob_countslave (struct mob_data *md)
  * 手下MOB�喚
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_summonslave (struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag)
+int mob_summonslave(struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag)
 {
     struct mob_data *md;
-    int  bx, by, m, count = 0, mob_class, k, a = amount;
+    int bx, by, m, count = 0, mob_class, k, a = amount;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md2);
-    nullpo_retr (0, value);
+    nullpo_ret(md2);
+    nullpo_ret(value);
 
     bx = md2->bl.x;
     by = md2->bl.y;
@@ -3494,19 +2918,21 @@ int mob_summonslave (struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag)
             continue;
         for (; amount > 0; amount--)
         {
-            int  x = 0, y = 0, c = 0, i = 0;
-            md = (struct mob_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct mob_data));
-            if (mob_db[mob_class].mode & 0x02)
+            int x = 0, y = 0, i = 0;
+            md = (struct mob_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct mob_data));
+            if (bool(mob_db[mob_class].mode & MobMode::LOOTER))
                 md->lootitem = (struct item *)
-                    calloc (LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof (struct item));
+                    calloc(LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof(struct item));
             else
                 md->lootitem = NULL;
 
-            while ((x <= 0 || y <= 0 || (c = map_getcell (m, x, y)) == 1
-                    || c == 5) && (i++) < 100)
+            while ((x <= 0
+                    || y <= 0
+                    || bool(map_getcell(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
+                && (i++) < 100)
             {
-                x = MPRAND (bx, 9) - 4;
-                y = MPRAND (by, 9) - 4;
+                x = bx + random_::in(-4, 4);
+                y = by + random_::in(-4, 4);
             }
             if (i >= 100)
             {
@@ -3514,7 +2940,7 @@ int mob_summonslave (struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag)
                 y = by;
             }
 
-            mob_spawn_dataset (md, "--ja--", mob_class);
+            mob_spawn_dataset(md, "--ja--", mob_class);
             md->bl.prev = NULL;
             md->bl.next = NULL;
             md->bl.m = m;
@@ -3526,17 +2952,14 @@ int mob_summonslave (struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag)
             md->y0 = y;
             md->xs = 0;
             md->ys = 0;
-            md->stats[MOB_SPEED] = md2->stats[MOB_SPEED];
-            md->spawndelay1 = -1;   // 一度��フラグ
-            md->spawndelay2 = -1;   // 一度��フラグ
-
-            memset (md->npc_event, 0, sizeof (md->npc_event));
-            md->bl.type = BL_MOB;
-            map_addiddb (&md->bl);
-            mob_spawn (md->bl.id);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (&md->bl, &md->bl,
-                                 (flag) ? NPC_SUMMONSLAVE : NPC_SUMMONMONSTER,
-                                 a, 1);
+            md->stats[mob_stat::SPEED] = md2->stats[mob_stat::SPEED];
+            md->spawndelay1 = static_cast<interval_t>(-1);   // 一度��フラグ
+            md->spawndelay2 = static_cast<interval_t>(-1);   // 一度��フラグ
+
+            memset(md->npc_event, 0, sizeof(md->npc_event));
+            md->bl.type = BL::MOB;
+            map_addiddb(&md->bl);
+            mob_spawn(md->bl.id);
 
             if (flag)
                 md->master_id = md2->bl.id;
@@ -3549,76 +2972,49 @@ int mob_summonslave (struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag)
  * 自分をロック���るPC�数を数�る(foreachclient)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_counttargeted_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void mob_counttargeted_sub(struct block_list *bl,
+        int id, int *c, struct block_list *src, ATK target_lv)
 {
-    int  id, *c, target_lv;
-    struct block_list *src;
-
-    id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(c);
 
-    src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *);
-    target_lv = va_arg (ap, int);
     if (id == bl->id || (src && id == src->id))
-        return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+        return;
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        if (sd && sd->attacktarget == id && sd->attacktimer != -1
+        if (sd && sd->attacktarget == id && sd->attacktimer
             && sd->attacktarget_lv >= target_lv)
             (*c)++;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-        if (md && md->target_id == id && md->timer != -1
-            && md->state.state == MS_ATTACK && md->target_lv >= target_lv)
+        if (md && md->target_id == id && md->timer
+            && md->state.state == MS::ATTACK && md->target_lv >= target_lv)
             (*c)++;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 自分をロック���るPC�数を数�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mob_counttargeted (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *src,
-                       int target_lv)
+int mob_counttargeted(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *src,
+        ATK target_lv)
 {
-    int  c = 0;
+    int c = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_counttargeted_sub, md->bl.m,
-                       md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
-                       md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, 0,
-                       md->bl.id, &c, src, target_lv);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(mob_counttargeted_sub, ph::_1, md->bl.id, &c, src, target_lv),
+            md->bl.m, md->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, md->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
+            md->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, md->bl.y + AREA_SIZE,
+            BL::NUL);
     return c;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- *MOBskill�ら該当skillid�skillidxを返�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int mob_skillid2skillidx (int mob_class, int skillid)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct mob_skill *ms = mob_db[mob_class].skill;
-
-    if (ms == NULL)
-        return -1;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < mob_db[mob_class].maxskill; i++)
-    {
-        if (ms[i].skill_id == skillid)
-            return i;
-    }
-    return -1;
-
-}
-
 //
 // MOBスキル
 //
@@ -3627,104 +3023,66 @@ int mob_skillid2skillidx (int mob_class, int skillid)
  * スキル使用（詠唱完了�ID指定）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void mobskill_castend_id (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void mobskill_castend_id(TimerData *, tick_t tick, int id)
 {
     struct mob_data *md = NULL;
     struct block_list *bl;
     struct block_list *mbl;
-    int  range;
+    int range;
 
-    if ((mbl = map_id2bl (id)) == NULL) //詠唱��Mob�も���������良��る正常処�
+    if ((mbl = map_id2bl(id)) == NULL) //詠唱��Mob�も���������良��る正常処�
         return;
     if ((md = (struct mob_data *) mbl) == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("mobskill_castend_id nullpo mbl->id:%d\n", mbl->id);
+        PRINTF("mobskill_castend_id nullpo mbl->id:%d\n", mbl->id);
         return;
     }
-    if (md->bl.type != BL_MOB || md->bl.prev == NULL)
+    if (md->bl.type != BL::MOB || md->bl.prev == NULL)
         return;
-    if (md->skilltimer != tid)  // タイマID�確�
+
+    if (bool(md->opt1))
         return;
 
-    md->skilltimer = -1;
-    //沈黙や状態異常��
-    if (md->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (md->opt1 > 0 || md->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)
-            return;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 && md->skillid != KN_AUTOCOUNTER)   //オートカウンター
-            return;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)  //白刃�り
-            return;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)    //�ーサーク
-            return;
-    }
-    if (md->skillid != NPC_EMOTION)
-        md->last_thinktime = tick + battle_get_adelay (&md->bl);
+    if (md->skillid != SkillID::NPC_EMOTION)
+        md->last_thinktime = tick + battle_get_adelay(&md->bl);
 
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (md->skilltarget)) == NULL || bl->prev == NULL)
+    if ((bl = map_id2bl(md->skilltarget)) == NULL || bl->prev == NULL)
     {                           //スキルターゲット�存在���
-        //printf("mobskill_castend_id nullpo\n");//ターゲット�������nullpo�ゃ���普通�終了
+        //PRINTF("mobskill_castend_id nullpo\n");//ターゲット�������nullpo�ゃ���普通�終了
         return;
     }
     if (md->bl.m != bl->m)
         return;
 
-    if (md->skillid == PR_LEXAETERNA)
-    {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        if (sc_data
-            && (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1
-                || (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)))
-            return;
-    }
-    else if (md->skillid == RG_BACKSTAP)
-    {
-        int  dir = map_calc_dir (&md->bl, bl->x, bl->y), t_dir =
-            battle_get_dir (bl);
-        int  dist = distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y);
-        if (bl->type != BL_SKILL && (dist == 0 || map_check_dir (dir, t_dir)))
-            return;
-    }
-    if (((skill_get_inf (md->skillid) & 1) || (skill_get_inf2 (md->skillid) & 4)) &&    // 彼我敵対関係�ェック
-        battle_check_target (&md->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY) <= 0)
+    if (((skill_get_inf(md->skillid) & 1) || (skill_get_inf2(md->skillid) & 4)) &&    // 彼我敵対関係�ェック
+        battle_check_target(&md->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY) <= 0)
         return;
-    range = skill_get_range (md->skillid, md->skilllv);
+    range = skill_get_range(md->skillid, md->skilllv);
     if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&md->bl) - (range + 1);
+        range = battle_get_range(&md->bl) - (range + 1);
     if (range + battle_config.mob_skill_add_range <
-        distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y))
+        distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y))
         return;
 
     md->skilldelay[md->skillidx] = tick;
 
     if (battle_config.mob_skill_log == 1)
-        printf ("MOB skill castend skill=%d, mob_class = %d\n", md->skillid,
-                md->mob_class);
-    mob_stop_walking (md, 0);
+        PRINTF("MOB skill castend skill=%d, mob_class = %d\n",
+                md->skillid, md->mob_class);
+    mob_stop_walking(md, 0);
 
-    switch (skill_get_nk (md->skillid))
+    switch (skill_get_nk(md->skillid))
     {
             // 攻撃系/��飛��系
         case 0:
         case 2:
-            skill_castend_damage_id (&md->bl, bl, md->skillid, md->skilllv,
-                                     tick, 0);
+            skill_castend_damage_id(&md->bl, bl,
+                    md->skillid, md->skilllv,
+                    tick, BCT_ZERO);
             break;
         case 1:                // 支�系
-            if (!mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[md->skillidx].val[0] &&
-                (md->skillid == AL_HEAL
-                 || (md->skillid == ALL_RESURRECTION && bl->type != BL_PC))
-                && battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl),
-                                        battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-                skill_castend_damage_id (&md->bl, bl, md->skillid,
-                                         md->skilllv, tick, 0);
-            else
-                skill_castend_nodamage_id (&md->bl, bl, md->skillid,
-                                           md->skilllv, tick, 0);
+            skill_castend_nodamage_id(&md->bl, bl,
+                    md->skillid, md->skilllv);
             break;
     }
 }
@@ -3733,152 +3091,56 @@ void mobskill_castend_id (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data
  * スキル使用（詠唱完了�場所指定）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void mobskill_castend_pos (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void mobskill_castend_pos(TimerData *, tick_t tick, int id)
 {
     struct mob_data *md = NULL;
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  range, maxcount;
+    int range;
 
     //mobskill_castend_id�様詠唱��Mob�詠唱完了時�も����������り�����nullpo�ら除外
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (id)) == NULL)
+    if ((bl = map_id2bl(id)) == NULL)
         return;
 
-    nullpo_retv (md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
+    nullpo_retv(md);
 
-    if (md->bl.type != BL_MOB || md->bl.prev == NULL)
+    if (md->bl.type != BL::MOB || md->bl.prev == NULL)
         return;
 
-    if (md->skilltimer != tid)  // タイマID�確�
+    if (bool(md->opt1))
         return;
 
-    md->skilltimer = -1;
-    if (md->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (md->opt1 > 0 || md->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)
-            return;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 && md->skillid != KN_AUTOCOUNTER)   //オートカウンター
-            return;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)  //白刃�り
-            return;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)    //�ーサーク
-            return;
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.monster_skill_reiteration == 0)
-    {
-        range = -1;
-        switch (md->skillid)
-        {
-            case MG_SAFETYWALL:
-            case WZ_FIREPILLAR:
-            case HT_SKIDTRAP:
-            case HT_LANDMINE:
-            case HT_ANKLESNARE:
-            case HT_SHOCKWAVE:
-            case HT_SANDMAN:
-            case HT_FLASHER:
-            case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:
-            case HT_BLASTMINE:
-            case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:
-            case PF_SPIDERWEB: /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-                range = 0;
-                break;
-            case AL_PNEUMA:
-            case AL_WARP:
-                range = 1;
-                break;
-        }
-        if (range >= 0)
-        {
-            if (skill_check_unit_range
-                (md->bl.m, md->skillx, md->skilly, range, md->skillid) > 0)
-                return;
-        }
-    }
-    if (battle_config.monster_skill_nofootset == 1)
-    {
-        range = -1;
-        switch (md->skillid)
-        {
-            case WZ_FIREPILLAR:
-            case HT_SKIDTRAP:
-            case HT_LANDMINE:
-            case HT_ANKLESNARE:
-            case HT_SHOCKWAVE:
-            case HT_SANDMAN:
-            case HT_FLASHER:
-            case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:
-            case HT_BLASTMINE:
-            case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:
-            case AM_DEMONSTRATION:
-            case PF_SPIDERWEB: /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-                range = 1;
-                break;
-            case AL_WARP:
-                range = 0;
-                break;
-        }
-        if (range >= 0)
-        {
-            if (skill_check_unit_range2
-                (md->bl.m, md->skillx, md->skilly, range) > 0)
-                return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.monster_land_skill_limit == 1)
-    {
-        maxcount = skill_get_maxcount (md->skillid);
-        if (maxcount > 0)
-        {
-            int  i, c;
-            for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILLUNITGROUP; i++)
-            {
-                if (md->skillunit[i].alive_count > 0
-                    && md->skillunit[i].skill_id == md->skillid)
-                    c++;
-            }
-            if (c >= maxcount)
-                return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    range = skill_get_range (md->skillid, md->skilllv);
+    range = skill_get_range(md->skillid, md->skilllv);
     if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&md->bl) - (range + 1);
+        range = battle_get_range(&md->bl) - (range + 1);
     if (range + battle_config.mob_skill_add_range <
-        distance (md->bl.x, md->bl.y, md->skillx, md->skilly))
+        distance(md->bl.x, md->bl.y, md->skillx, md->skilly))
         return;
     md->skilldelay[md->skillidx] = tick;
 
     if (battle_config.mob_skill_log == 1)
-        printf ("MOB skill castend skill=%d, mob_class = %d\n", md->skillid,
-                md->mob_class);
-    mob_stop_walking (md, 0);
-
-    skill_castend_pos2 (&md->bl, md->skillx, md->skilly, md->skillid,
-                        md->skilllv, tick, 0);
-
-    return;
+        PRINTF("MOB skill castend skill=%d, mob_class = %d\n",
+                md->skillid, md->mob_class);
+    mob_stop_walking(md, 0);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Skill use (an aria start, ID specification)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mobskill_use_id (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
+int mobskill_use_id(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
                      int skill_idx)
 {
-    int  casttime, range;
+    int range;
     struct mob_skill *ms;
-    int  skill_id, skill_lv, forcecast = 0;
+    SkillID skill_id;
+    int skill_lv;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ms = &mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[skill_idx]);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
+    ms = &mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[skill_idx];
+    nullpo_ret(ms);
 
-    if (target == NULL && (target = map_id2bl (md->target_id)) == NULL)
+    if (target == NULL && (target = map_id2bl(md->target_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     if (target->prev == NULL || md->bl.prev == NULL)
@@ -3887,91 +3149,32 @@ int mobskill_use_id (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
     skill_id = ms->skill_id;
     skill_lv = ms->skill_lv;
 
-    // 沈黙や異常
-    if (md->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (md->opt1 > 0 || md->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)
-            return 0;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 && md->skillid != KN_AUTOCOUNTER)   //オートカウンター
-            return 0;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)  //白刃�り
-            return 0;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)    //�ーサーク
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (md->option & 4 && skill_id == TF_HIDING)
-        return 0;
-    if (md->option & 2 && skill_id != TF_HIDING && skill_id != AS_GRIMTOOTH
-        && skill_id != RG_BACKSTAP && skill_id != RG_RAID)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (map[md->bl.m].flag.gvg
-        && (skill_id == SM_ENDURE || skill_id == AL_TELEPORT
-            || skill_id == AL_WARP || skill_id == WZ_ICEWALL
-            || skill_id == TF_BACKSLIDING))
+    if (bool(md->opt1))
         return 0;
 
-    if (skill_get_inf2 (skill_id) & 0x200 && md->bl.id == target->id)
+    if (skill_get_inf2(skill_id) & 0x200 && md->bl.id == target->id)
         return 0;
 
     // 射程�障害物�ェック
-    range = skill_get_range (skill_id, skill_lv);
+    range = skill_get_range(skill_id, skill_lv);
     if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&md->bl) - (range + 1);
+        range = battle_get_range(&md->bl) - (range + 1);
 
-    if (!battle_check_range (&md->bl, target, range))
+    if (!battle_check_range(&md->bl, target, range))
         return 0;
 
 //  delay=skill_delayfix(&md->bl, skill_get_delay( skill_id,skill_lv) );
 
-    casttime = skill_castfix (&md->bl, ms->casttime);
+    interval_t casttime = skill_castfix(&md->bl, ms->casttime);
     md->state.skillcastcancel = ms->cancel;
-    md->skilldelay[skill_idx] = gettick ();
-
-    switch (skill_id)
-    {                           /* 何�特殊�処��必� */
-        case ALL_RESURRECTION: /* リザレクション */
-            if (target->type != BL_PC
-                && battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (target),
-                                        battle_get_elem_type (target)))
-            {                   /* 敵�アンデッド�ら */
-                forcecast = 1;  /* ターンアンデット���詠唱時間 */
-                casttime =
-                    skill_castfix (&md->bl,
-                                   skill_get_cast (PR_TURNUNDEAD, skill_lv));
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: /*阿修羅覇鳳拳 */
-        case SA_MAGICROD:
-        case SA_SPELLBREAKER:
-            forcecast = 1;
-            break;
-    }
+    md->skilldelay[skill_idx] = gettick();
 
     if (battle_config.mob_skill_log == 1)
-        printf
-            ("MOB skill use target_id=%d skill=%d lv=%d cast=%d, mob_class = %d\n",
-             target->id, skill_id, skill_lv, casttime, md->mob_class);
-
-    if (casttime > 0 || forcecast)
-    {                           // 詠唱�必�
-//      struct mob_data *md2;
-        clif_skillcasting (&md->bl,
-                           md->bl.id, target->id, 0, 0, skill_id, casttime);
-
-        // 詠唱�応モンスター
-/*		if( target->type==BL_MOB && mob_db[(md2=(struct mob_data *)target)->mob_class].mode&0x10 &&
-			md2->state.state!=MS_ATTACK){
-				md2->target_id=md->bl.id;
-				md->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
-				md2->min_chase=13;
-		}*/
-    }
+        PRINTF("MOB skill use target_id=%d skill=%d lv=%d cast=%d, mob_class = %d\n",
+                target->id, skill_id, skill_lv,
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(casttime.count()), md->mob_class);
 
-    if (casttime <= 0)          // 詠唱�無�も��キャンセル�れ��
+    if (casttime <= interval_t::zero())          // 詠唱�無�も��キャンセル�れ��
         md->state.skillcastcancel = 0;
 
     md->skilltarget = target->id;
@@ -3981,20 +3184,16 @@ int mobskill_use_id (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
     md->skilllv = skill_lv;
     md->skillidx = skill_idx;
 
-    if (!(battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type & 2)
-        && md->sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1 && md->skillid != AS_CLOAKING)
-        skill_status_change_end (&md->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-
-    if (casttime > 0)
+    if (casttime > interval_t::zero())
     {
-        md->skilltimer =
-            add_timer (gettick () + casttime, mobskill_castend_id, md->bl.id,
-                       0);
+        md->skilltimer = Timer(gettick() + casttime,
+                std::bind(mobskill_castend_id, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    md->bl.id));
     }
     else
     {
-        md->skilltimer = -1;
-        mobskill_castend_id (md->skilltimer, gettick (), md->bl.id, 0);
+        assert (!md->skilltimer);
+        mobskill_castend_id(nullptr, gettick(), md->bl.id);
     }
 
     return 1;
@@ -4005,74 +3204,50 @@ int mobskill_use_id (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *target,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int mobskill_use_pos (struct mob_data *md,
+int mobskill_use_pos(struct mob_data *md,
                       int skill_x, int skill_y, int skill_idx)
 {
-    int  casttime = 0, range;
+    int range;
     struct mob_skill *ms;
     struct block_list bl;
-    int  skill_id, skill_lv;
+    int skill_lv;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ms = &mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[skill_idx]);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
+    ms = &mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[skill_idx];
+    nullpo_ret(ms);
 
     if (md->bl.prev == NULL)
         return 0;
 
-    skill_id = ms->skill_id;
+    SkillID skill_id = ms->skill_id;
     skill_lv = ms->skill_lv;
 
-    //沈黙や状態異常��
-    if (md->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (md->opt1 > 0 || md->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1
-            || md->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)
-            return 0;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 && md->skillid != KN_AUTOCOUNTER)   //オートカウンター
-            return 0;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)  //白刃�り
-            return 0;
-        if (md->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)    //�ーサーク
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (md->option & 2)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (map[md->bl.m].flag.gvg
-        && (skill_id == SM_ENDURE || skill_id == AL_TELEPORT
-            || skill_id == AL_WARP || skill_id == WZ_ICEWALL
-            || skill_id == TF_BACKSLIDING))
+    if (bool(md->opt1))
         return 0;
 
     // 射程�障害物�ェック
-    bl.type = BL_NUL;
+    bl.type = BL::NUL;
     bl.m = md->bl.m;
     bl.x = skill_x;
     bl.y = skill_y;
-    range = skill_get_range (skill_id, skill_lv);
+    range = skill_get_range(skill_id, skill_lv);
     if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&md->bl) - (range + 1);
-    if (!battle_check_range (&md->bl, &bl, range))
+        range = battle_get_range(&md->bl) - (range + 1);
+    if (!battle_check_range(&md->bl, &bl, range))
         return 0;
 
 //  delay=skill_delayfix(&sd->bl, skill_get_delay( skill_id,skill_lv) );
-    casttime = skill_castfix (&md->bl, ms->casttime);
-    md->skilldelay[skill_idx] = gettick ();
+    interval_t casttime = skill_castfix(&md->bl, ms->casttime);
+    md->skilldelay[skill_idx] = gettick();
     md->state.skillcastcancel = ms->cancel;
 
     if (battle_config.mob_skill_log == 1)
-        printf
-            ("MOB skill use target_pos=(%d,%d) skill=%d lv=%d cast=%d, mob_class = %d\n",
-             skill_x, skill_y, skill_id, skill_lv, casttime, md->mob_class);
-
-    if (casttime > 0)           // A cast time is required.
-        clif_skillcasting (&md->bl,
-                           md->bl.id, 0, skill_x, skill_y, skill_id,
-                           casttime);
+        PRINTF("MOB skill use target_pos= (%d,%d) skill=%d lv=%d cast=%d, mob_class = %d\n",
+             skill_x, skill_y, skill_id, skill_lv,
+             static_cast<uint32_t>(casttime.count()), md->mob_class);
 
-    if (casttime <= 0)          // A skill without a cast time wont be cancelled.
+    if (casttime <= interval_t::zero())
+        // A skill without a cast time wont be cancelled.
         md->state.skillcastcancel = 0;
 
     md->skillx = skill_x;
@@ -4081,238 +3256,94 @@ int mobskill_use_pos (struct mob_data *md,
     md->skillid = skill_id;
     md->skilllv = skill_lv;
     md->skillidx = skill_idx;
-    if (!(battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type & 2)
-        && md->sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&md->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-    if (casttime > 0)
+    if (casttime > interval_t::zero())
     {
-        md->skilltimer =
-            add_timer (gettick () + casttime, mobskill_castend_pos, md->bl.id,
-                       0);
+        md->skilltimer = Timer(gettick() + casttime,
+                std::bind(mobskill_castend_pos, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    md->bl.id));
     }
     else
     {
-        md->skilltimer = -1;
-        mobskill_castend_pos (md->skilltimer, gettick (), md->bl.id, 0);
+        assert (!md->skilltimer);
+        mobskill_castend_pos(nullptr, gettick(), md->bl.id);
     }
 
     return 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Friendly Mob whose HP is decreasing by a nearby MOB is looked for.
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int mob_getfriendhpltmaxrate_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int  rate;
-    struct mob_data **fr, *md, *mmd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, mmd = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *));
-
-    md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-
-    if (mmd->bl.id == bl->id)
-        return 0;
-    rate = va_arg (ap, int);
-    fr = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data **);
-    if (md->hp < mob_db[md->mob_class].max_hp * rate / 100)
-        (*fr) = md;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-struct mob_data *mob_getfriendhpltmaxrate (struct mob_data *md, int rate)
-{
-    struct mob_data *fr = NULL;
-    const int r = 8;
-
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, md);
-
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_getfriendhpltmaxrate_sub, md->bl.m,
-                       md->bl.x - r, md->bl.y - r, md->bl.x + r, md->bl.y + r,
-                       BL_MOB, md, rate, &fr);
-    return fr;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * What a status state suits by nearby MOB is looked for.
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int mob_getfriendstatus_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int  cond1, cond2;
-    struct mob_data **fr, *md, *mmd;
-    int  flag = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, mmd = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data *));
-
-    if (mmd->bl.id == bl->id)
-        return 0;
-    cond1 = va_arg (ap, int);
-    cond2 = va_arg (ap, int);
-    fr = va_arg (ap, struct mob_data **);
-    if (cond2 == -1)
-    {
-        int  j;
-        for (j = SC_STONE; j <= SC_BLIND && !flag; j++)
-        {
-            flag = (md->sc_data[j].timer != -1);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        flag = (md->sc_data[cond2].timer != -1);
-    if (flag ^ (cond1 == MSC_FRIENDSTATUSOFF))
-        (*fr) = md;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-struct mob_data *mob_getfriendstatus (struct mob_data *md, int cond1,
-                                      int cond2)
-{
-    struct mob_data *fr = NULL;
-    const int r = 8;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    map_foreachinarea (mob_getfriendstatus_sub, md->bl.m,
-                       md->bl.x - r, md->bl.y - r, md->bl.x + r, md->bl.y + r,
-                       BL_MOB, md, cond1, cond2, &fr);
-    return fr;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * Skill use judging
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mobskill_use (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int event)
+int mobskill_use(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick,
+        MobSkillCondition event)
 {
     struct mob_skill *ms;
 //  struct block_list *target=NULL;
     int max_hp;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ms = mob_db[md->mob_class].skill);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
+    ms = mob_db[md->mob_class].skill;
+    nullpo_ret(ms);
 
-    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp (&md->bl);
+    max_hp = battle_get_max_hp(&md->bl);
 
-    if (battle_config.mob_skill_use == 0 || md->skilltimer != -1)
+    if (battle_config.mob_skill_use == 0 || md->skilltimer)
         return 0;
 
     if (md->state.special_mob_ai)
         return 0;
 
-    if (md->sc_data[SC_SELFDESTRUCTION].timer != -1)    //自爆中�スキルを使���
-        return 0;
-
     for (int ii = 0; ii < mob_db[md->mob_class].maxskill; ii++)
     {
-        int  c2 = ms[ii].cond2, flag = 0;
-        struct mob_data *fmd = NULL;
+        int flag = 0;
 
         // ディレイ中
-        if (DIFF_TICK (tick, md->skilldelay[ii]) < ms[ii].delay)
+        if (tick < md->skilldelay[ii] + ms[ii].delay)
             continue;
 
         // 状態判定
-        if (ms[ii].state >= 0 && ms[ii].state != md->state.skillstate)
+        if (ms[ii].state != MobSkillState::ANY && ms[ii].state != md->state.skillstate)
             continue;
 
-        // �件判定
+        // Note: these *may* both be MobSkillCondition::ANY
         flag = (event == ms[ii].cond1);
         if (!flag)
         {
             switch (ms[ii].cond1)
             {
-                case MSC_ALWAYS:
+                case MobSkillCondition::MSC_ALWAYS:
                     flag = 1;
                     break;
-                case MSC_MYHPLTMAXRATE:    // HP< maxhp%
-                    flag = (md->hp < max_hp * c2 / 100);
-                    break;
-                case MSC_MYSTATUSON:   // status[num] on
-                case MSC_MYSTATUSOFF:  // status[num] off
-                    if (ms[ii].cond2 == -1)
-                    {
-                        int  j;
-                        for (j = SC_STONE; j <= SC_BLIND && !flag; j++)
-                        {
-                            flag = (md->sc_data[j].timer != -1);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                        flag = (md->sc_data[ms[ii].cond2].timer != -1);
-                    flag ^= (ms[ii].cond1 == MSC_MYSTATUSOFF);
-                    break;
-                case MSC_FRIENDHPLTMAXRATE:    // friend HP < maxhp%
-                    flag =
-                        ((fmd =
-                          mob_getfriendhpltmaxrate (md,
-                                                    ms[ii].cond2)) != NULL);
-                    break;
-                case MSC_FRIENDSTATUSON:   // friend status[num] on
-                case MSC_FRIENDSTATUSOFF:  // friend status[num] off
-                    flag =
-                        ((fmd =
-                          mob_getfriendstatus (md, ms[ii].cond1,
-                                               ms[ii].cond2)) != NULL);
+                case MobSkillCondition::MSC_MYHPLTMAXRATE:    // HP< maxhp%
+                    flag = (md->hp < max_hp * ms[ii].cond2i / 100);
                     break;
-                case MSC_NOTINTOWN:     // Only outside of towns.
+                case MobSkillCondition::MSC_NOTINTOWN:     // Only outside of towns.
                     flag = !map[md->bl.m].flag.town;
                     break;
-                case MSC_SLAVELT:  // slave < num
-                    flag = (mob_countslave (md) < c2);
+                case MobSkillCondition::MSC_SLAVELT:  // slave < num
+                    flag = (mob_countslave(md) < ms[ii].cond2i);
                     break;
-                case MSC_ATTACKPCGT:   // attack pc > num
-                    flag = (mob_counttargeted (md, NULL, 0) > c2);
-                    break;
-                case MSC_SLAVELE:  // slave <= num
-                    flag = (mob_countslave (md) <= c2);
-                    break;
-                case MSC_ATTACKPCGE:   // attack pc >= num
-                    flag = (mob_counttargeted (md, NULL, 0) >= c2);
-                    break;
-                case MSC_SKILLUSED:    // specificated skill used
-                    flag = ((event & 0xffff) == MSC_SKILLUSED
-                            && ((event >> 16) == c2 || c2 == 0));
+                case MobSkillCondition::MSC_SLAVELE:  // slave <= num
+                    flag = (mob_countslave(md) <= ms[ii].cond2i);
                     break;
             }
         }
 
         // 確率判定
-        if (flag && MRAND (10000) < ms[ii].permillage)
+        if (flag && random_::chance({ms[ii].permillage, 10000}))
         {
 
-            if (skill_get_inf (ms[ii].skill_id) & 2)
+            if (skill_get_inf(ms[ii].skill_id) & 2)
             {
                 // 場所指定
                 struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-                int  x = 0, y = 0;
-                if (ms[ii].target <= MST_AROUND)
+                int x = 0, y = 0;
                 {
-                    if (ms[ii].target == MST_MASTER)
-                    {
-                        bl = &md->bl;
-                        if (md->master_id)
-                            bl = map_id2bl (md->master_id);
-                    }
-                    else
                     {
-                        bl = ((ms[ii].target == MST_TARGET
-                               || ms[ii].target ==
-                               MST_AROUND5) ? map_id2bl (md->
-                                                         target_id)
-                              : (ms[ii].target ==
-                                 MST_FRIEND) ? &fmd->bl : &md->bl);
+                        bl = ms[ii].target == MobSkillTarget::MST_TARGET
+                            ? map_id2bl(md->target_id)
+                            : &md->bl;
                     }
 
                     if (bl)
@@ -4323,77 +3354,22 @@ int mobskill_use (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int event)
                 }
                 if (x <= 0 || y <= 0)
                     continue;
-                // 自分�周囲
-                if (ms[ii].target >= MST_AROUND1)
-                {
-                    int  bx = x, by = y, i = 0, c, m = bl->m, r =
-                        ms[i].target - MST_AROUND1;
-                    do
-                    {
-                        bx = x + MRAND ((r * 2 + 3)) - r;
-                        by = y + MRAND ((r * 2 + 3)) - r;
-                    }
-                    while ((bx <= 0 || by <= 0 || bx >= map[m].xs
-                            || by >= map[m].ys
-                            || ((c = read_gat (m, bx, by)) == 1 || c == 5))
-                           && (i++) < 1000);
-                    if (i < 1000)
-                    {
-                        x = bx;
-                        y = by;
-                    }
-                }
-                // 相手�周囲
-                if (ms[ii].target >= MST_AROUND5)
-                {
-                    int  bx = x, by = y, i = 0, c, m = bl->m, r =
-                        (ms[i].target - MST_AROUND5) + 1;
-                    do
-                    {
-                        bx = x + MRAND ((r * 2 + 1)) - r;
-                        by = y + MRAND ((r * 2 + 1)) - r;
-                    }
-                    while ((bx <= 0 || by <= 0 || bx >= map[m].xs
-                            || by >= map[m].ys
-                            || ((c = read_gat (m, bx, by)) == 1 || c == 5))
-                           && (i++) < 1000);
-                    if (i < 1000)
-                    {
-                        x = bx;
-                        y = by;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (!mobskill_use_pos (md, x, y, ii))
+                if (!mobskill_use_pos(md, x, y, ii))
                     return 0;
-
             }
             else
             {
-                if (ms[ii].target == MST_MASTER)
-                {
-                    struct block_list *bl = &md->bl;
-                    if (md->master_id)
-                        bl = map_id2bl (md->master_id);
-
-                    if (bl && !mobskill_use_id (md, bl, ii))
-                        return 0;
-                }
-                // ID指定
-                if (ms[ii].target <= MST_FRIEND)
                 {
                     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
-                    bl = ((ms[ii].target ==
-                           MST_TARGET) ? map_id2bl (md->
-                                                    target_id) : (ms[ii].target
-                                                                  ==
-                                                                  MST_FRIEND)
-                          ? &fmd->bl : &md->bl);
-                    if (bl && !mobskill_use_id (md, bl, ii))
+                    bl = (ms[ii].target == MobSkillTarget::MST_TARGET)
+                        ? map_id2bl(md->target_id)
+                        : &md->bl;
+                    if (bl && !mobskill_use_id(md, bl, ii))
                         return 0;
                 }
             }
             if (ms[ii].emotion >= 0)
-                clif_emotion (&md->bl, ms[ii].emotion);
+                clif_emotion(&md->bl, ms[ii].emotion);
             return 1;
         }
     }
@@ -4405,73 +3381,22 @@ int mobskill_use (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int event)
  * Skill use event processing
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mobskill_event (struct mob_data *md, int flag)
+int mobskill_event(struct mob_data *md, BF flag)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
+    nullpo_ret(md);
 
-    if (flag == -1 && mobskill_use (md, gettick (), MSC_CASTTARGETED))
+    if (flag == BF::NEGATIVE_1
+        && mobskill_use(md, gettick(), MobSkillCondition::ANY))
         return 1;
-    if ((flag & BF_SHORT)
-        && mobskill_use (md, gettick (), MSC_CLOSEDATTACKED))
+    if (bool(flag & BF::SHORT)
+        && mobskill_use(md, gettick(), MobSkillCondition::ANY))
         return 1;
-    if ((flag & BF_LONG)
-        && mobskill_use (md, gettick (), MSC_LONGRANGEATTACKED))
+    if (bool(flag & BF::LONG)
+        && mobskill_use(md, gettick(), MobSkillCondition::ANY))
         return 1;
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * Mob�エンペリウム���場��判定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int mob_gvmobcheck (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (md = (struct mob_data *) bl) &&
-        (md->mob_class == 1288 || md->mob_class == 1287 || md->mob_class == 1286
-         || md->mob_class == 1285))
-    {
-        struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[sd->bl.m].name);
-        struct guild *g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-
-        if (g == NULL && md->mob_class == 1288)
-            return 0;           //ギルド未加入�らダメージ無�
-        else if (gc != NULL && !map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-            return 0;           //砦内�Gv�ゃ�����ダメージ��
-        else if (g && gc != NULL && g->guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-            return 0;           //自�領ギルド�エンペ�らダメージ無�
-        else if (g && guild_checkskill (g, GD_APPROVAL) <= 0
-                 && md->mob_class == 1288)
-            return 0;           //正�ギルド承�����ダメージ無�
-
-    }
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル用タイマー削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int mobskill_deltimer (struct mob_data *md)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, md);
-
-    if (md->skilltimer != -1)
-    {
-        if (skill_get_inf (md->skillid) & 2)
-            delete_timer (md->skilltimer, mobskill_castend_pos);
-        else
-            delete_timer (md->skilltimer, mobskill_castend_id);
-        md->skilltimer = -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 //
 // �期化
 //
@@ -4479,12 +3404,13 @@ int mobskill_deltimer (struct mob_data *md)
  * Since un-setting [ mob ] up was used, it is an initial provisional value setup.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_makedummymobdb (int mob_class)
+static
+int mob_makedummymobdb(int mob_class)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    sprintf (mob_db[mob_class].name, "mob%d", mob_class);
-    sprintf (mob_db[mob_class].jname, "mob%d", mob_class);
+    sprintf(mob_db[mob_class].name, "mob%d", mob_class);
+    sprintf(mob_db[mob_class].jname, "mob%d", mob_class);
     mob_db[mob_class].lv = 1;
     mob_db[mob_class].max_hp = 1000;
     mob_db[mob_class].max_sp = 1;
@@ -4495,39 +3421,27 @@ static int mob_makedummymobdb (int mob_class)
     mob_db[mob_class].atk2 = 10;
     mob_db[mob_class].def = 0;
     mob_db[mob_class].mdef = 0;
-    mob_db[mob_class].str = 1;
-    mob_db[mob_class].agi = 1;
-    mob_db[mob_class].vit = 1;
-    mob_db[mob_class].int_ = 1;
-    mob_db[mob_class].dex = 6;
-    mob_db[mob_class].luk = 2;
+    mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::STR] = 1;
+    mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::AGI] = 1;
+    mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::VIT] = 1;
+    mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::INT] = 1;
+    mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::DEX] = 6;
+    mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::LUK] = 2;
     mob_db[mob_class].range2 = 10;
     mob_db[mob_class].range3 = 10;
-    mob_db[mob_class].size = 0;
-    mob_db[mob_class].race = 0;
-    mob_db[mob_class].element = 0;
-    mob_db[mob_class].mode = 0;
+    mob_db[mob_class].size = 0; // 1
+    mob_db[mob_class].race = Race::formless;
+    mob_db[mob_class].element = LevelElement{0, Element::neutral};
+    mob_db[mob_class].mode = MobMode::ZERO;
     mob_db[mob_class].speed = 300;
     mob_db[mob_class].adelay = 1000;
     mob_db[mob_class].amotion = 500;
     mob_db[mob_class].dmotion = 500;
-    mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[0].nameid = 909; // Jellopy
-    mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[0].p = 1000;
-    for (i = 1; i < 8; i++)
+    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
     {
         mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid = 0;
-        mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].p = 0;
-    }
-    // Item1,Item2
-    mob_db[mob_class].mexp = 0;
-    mob_db[mob_class].mexpper = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-    {
-        mob_db[mob_class].mvpitem[i].nameid = 0;
-        mob_db[mob_class].mvpitem[i].p = 0;
+        mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].p.num = 0;
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RANDOMMONSTER; i++)
-        mob_db[mob_class].summonper[i] = 0;
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4535,27 +3449,28 @@ static int mob_makedummymobdb (int mob_class)
  * db/mob_db.txt reading
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_readdb (void)
+static
+int mob_readdb(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024];
     const char *filename[] = { "db/mob_db.txt", "db/mob_db2.txt" };
 
-    memset (mob_db, 0, sizeof (mob_db));
+    memset(mob_db, 0, sizeof(mob_db));
 
     for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
     {
 
-        fp = fopen_ (filename[j], "r");
+        fp = fopen_(filename[j], "r");
         if (fp == NULL)
         {
             if (j > 0)
                 continue;
             return -1;
         }
-        while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+        while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
         {
-            int  mob_class;
+            int mob_class;
             char *str[57], *p, *np;
 
             if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
@@ -4566,7 +3481,7 @@ static int mob_readdb (void)
             {
                 while (*p == '\t' || *p == ' ')
                     p++;
-                if ((np = strchr (p, ',')) != NULL)
+                if ((np = strchr(p, ',')) != NULL)
                 {
                     str[i] = p;
                     *np = 0;
@@ -4576,18 +3491,17 @@ static int mob_readdb (void)
                     str[i] = p;
             }
 
-            mob_class = atoi (str[0]);
+            mob_class = atoi(str[0]);
             if (mob_class <= 1000 || mob_class > 2000)
                 continue;
 
-            mob_db[mob_class].view_class = mob_class;
-            memcpy (mob_db[mob_class].name, str[1], 24);
-            memcpy (mob_db[mob_class].jname, str[2], 24);
-            mob_db[mob_class].lv = atoi (str[3]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].max_hp = atoi (str[4]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].max_sp = atoi (str[5]);
+            memcpy(mob_db[mob_class].name, str[1], 24);
+            memcpy(mob_db[mob_class].jname, str[2], 24);
+            mob_db[mob_class].lv = atoi(str[3]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].max_hp = atoi(str[4]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].max_sp = atoi(str[5]);
 
-            mob_db[mob_class].base_exp = atoi (str[6]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].base_exp = atoi(str[6]);
             if (mob_db[mob_class].base_exp < 0)
                 mob_db[mob_class].base_exp = 0;
             else if (mob_db[mob_class].base_exp > 0
@@ -4599,7 +3513,7 @@ static int mob_readdb (void)
             else
                 mob_db[mob_class].base_exp *= battle_config.base_exp_rate / 100;
 
-            mob_db[mob_class].job_exp = atoi (str[7]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].job_exp = atoi(str[7]);
             if (mob_db[mob_class].job_exp < 0)
                 mob_db[mob_class].job_exp = 0;
             else if (mob_db[mob_class].job_exp > 0
@@ -4611,85 +3525,39 @@ static int mob_readdb (void)
             else
                 mob_db[mob_class].job_exp *= battle_config.job_exp_rate / 100;
 
-            mob_db[mob_class].range = atoi (str[8]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].atk1 = atoi (str[9]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].atk2 = atoi (str[10]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].def = atoi (str[11]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].mdef = atoi (str[12]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].str = atoi (str[13]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].agi = atoi (str[14]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].vit = atoi (str[15]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].int_ = atoi (str[16]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].dex = atoi (str[17]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].luk = atoi (str[18]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].range2 = atoi (str[19]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].range3 = atoi (str[20]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].size = atoi (str[21]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].race = atoi (str[22]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].element = atoi (str[23]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].mode = atoi (str[24]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].speed = atoi (str[25]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].adelay = atoi (str[26]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].amotion = atoi (str[27]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].dmotion = atoi (str[28]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].range = atoi(str[8]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].atk1 = atoi(str[9]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].atk2 = atoi(str[10]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].def = atoi(str[11]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].mdef = atoi(str[12]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::STR] = atoi(str[13]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::AGI] = atoi(str[14]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::VIT] = atoi(str[15]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::INT] = atoi(str[16]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::DEX] = atoi(str[17]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].attrs[ATTR::LUK] = atoi(str[18]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].range2 = atoi(str[19]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].range3 = atoi(str[20]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].size = atoi(str[21]); // always 1
+            mob_db[mob_class].race = static_cast<Race>(atoi(str[22]));
+            mob_db[mob_class].element = LevelElement::unpack(atoi(str[23]));
+            mob_db[mob_class].mode = static_cast<MobMode>(atoi(str[24]));
+            mob_db[mob_class].speed = atoi(str[25]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].adelay = atoi(str[26]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].amotion = atoi(str[27]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].dmotion = atoi(str[28]);
 
             for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
             {
-                int  rate = 0, type, ratemin, ratemax;
-                mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid = atoi (str[29 + i * 2]);
-                type = itemdb_type (mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid);
-                if (type == 0)
-                {               // Added [Valaris]
-                    rate = battle_config.item_rate_heal;
-                    ratemin = battle_config.item_drop_heal_min;
-                    ratemax = battle_config.item_drop_heal_max;
-                }
-                else if (type == 2)
-                {
-                    rate = battle_config.item_rate_use;
-                    ratemin = battle_config.item_drop_use_min;
-                    ratemax = battle_config.item_drop_use_max;  // End
-                }
-                else if (type == 4 || type == 5 || type == 8)
-                {
-                    rate = battle_config.item_rate_equip;
-                    ratemin = battle_config.item_drop_equip_min;
-                    ratemax = battle_config.item_drop_equip_max;
-                }
-                else if (type == 6)
-                {
-                    rate = battle_config.item_rate_card;
-                    ratemin = battle_config.item_drop_card_min;
-                    ratemax = battle_config.item_drop_card_max;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    rate = battle_config.item_rate_common;
-                    ratemin = battle_config.item_drop_common_min;
-                    ratemax = battle_config.item_drop_common_max;
-                }
-                rate = (rate / 100) * atoi (str[30 + i * 2]);
-                rate =
-                    (rate < ratemin) ? ratemin : (rate >
-                                                  ratemax) ? ratemax : rate;
-                mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].p = rate;
+                mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid = atoi(str[29 + i * 2]);
+                int rate = atoi(str[30 + i * 2]);
+                if (rate < 1) rate = 1;
+                if (rate > 10000) rate = 10000;
+                mob_db[mob_class].dropitem[i].p.num = rate;
             }
-            // Item1,Item2
-            mob_db[mob_class].mexp =
-                atoi (str[45]) * battle_config.mvp_exp_rate / 100;
-            mob_db[mob_class].mexpper = atoi (str[46]);
-            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-            {
-                mob_db[mob_class].mvpitem[i].nameid = atoi (str[47 + i * 2]);
-                mob_db[mob_class].mvpitem[i].p =
-                    atoi (str[48 + i * 2]) * battle_config.mvp_item_rate /
-                    100;
-            }
-            mob_db[mob_class].mutations_nr = atoi (str[55]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].mutation_power = atoi (str[56]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].mutations_nr = atoi(str[55]);
+            mob_db[mob_class].mutation_power = atoi(str[56]);
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < MAX_RANDOMMONSTER; i++)
-                mob_db[mob_class].summonper[i] = 0;
             mob_db[mob_class].maxskill = 0;
 
             mob_db[mob_class].sex = 0;
@@ -4703,136 +3571,10 @@ static int mob_readdb (void)
             mob_db[mob_class].clothes_color = 0;    //Add for player monster dye - Valaris
 
             if (mob_db[mob_class].base_exp == 0)
-                mob_db[mob_class].base_exp = mob_gen_exp (&mob_db[mob_class]);
+                mob_db[mob_class].base_exp = mob_gen_exp(&mob_db[mob_class]);
         }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        printf ("read %s done\n", filename[j]);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * MOB display graphic change data reading
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int mob_readdb_mobavail (void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024];
-    int  ln = 0;
-    int  mob_class, j, k;
-    char *str[20], *p, *np;
-
-    if ((fp = fopen_ ("db/mob_avail.txt", "r")) == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/mob_avail.txt\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
-
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 12; j++)
-        {
-            if ((np = strchr (p, ',')) != NULL)
-            {
-                str[j] = p;
-                *np = 0;
-                p = np + 1;
-            }
-            else
-                str[j] = p;
-        }
-
-        if (str[0] == NULL)
-            continue;
-
-        mob_class = atoi (str[0]);
-
-        if (mob_class <= 1000 || mob_class > 2000)  // 値�異常�ら処����。
-            continue;
-        k = atoi (str[1]);
-        if (k >= 0)
-            mob_db[mob_class].view_class = k;
-
-        if ((mob_db[mob_class].view_class < 24)
-            || (mob_db[mob_class].view_class > 4000))
-        {
-            mob_db[mob_class].sex = atoi (str[2]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].hair = atoi (str[3]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].hair_color = atoi (str[4]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].weapon = atoi (str[5]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].shield = atoi (str[6]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].head_top = atoi (str[7]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].head_mid = atoi (str[8]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].head_buttom = atoi (str[9]);
-            mob_db[mob_class].option = atoi (str[10]) & ~0x46;
-            mob_db[mob_class].clothes_color = atoi (str[11]);   // Monster player dye option - Valaris
-        }
-
-        else if (atoi (str[2]) > 0)
-            mob_db[mob_class].equip = atoi (str[2]);    // mob equipment [Valaris]
-
-        ln++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/mob_avail.txt done (count=%d)\n", ln);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Reading of random monster data
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int mob_read_randommonster (void)
-{
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024];
-    char *str[10], *p;
-    int  i, j;
-
-    const char *mobfile[] = {
-        "db/mob_branch.txt",
-        "db/mob_poring.txt",
-        "db/mob_boss.txt"
-    };
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_RANDOMMONSTER; i++)
-    {
-        mob_db[0].summonper[i] = 1002;  // 設定�忘れ�場���リン�出るよ������
-        fp = fopen_ (mobfile[i], "r");
-        if (fp == NULL)
-        {
-            printf ("can't read %s\n", mobfile[i]);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-        {
-            int  mob_class, per;
-            if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-                continue;
-            memset (str, 0, sizeof (str));
-            for (j = 0, p = line; j < 3 && p; j++)
-            {
-                str[j] = p;
-                p = strchr (p, ',');
-                if (p)
-                    *p++ = 0;
-            }
-
-            if (str[0] == NULL || str[2] == NULL)
-                continue;
-
-            mob_class = atoi (str[0]);
-            per = atoi (str[2]);
-            if ((mob_class > 1000 && mob_class <= 2000) || mob_class == 0)
-                mob_db[mob_class].summonper[i] = per;
-        }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        printf ("read %s done\n", mobfile[i]);
+        fclose_(fp);
+        PRINTF("read %s done\n", filename[j]);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4841,221 +3583,144 @@ static int mob_read_randommonster (void)
  * db/mob_skill_db.txt reading
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int mob_readskilldb (void)
+static
+int mob_readskilldb(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024];
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     const struct
     {
         char str[32];
-        int  id;
+        MobSkillCondition id;
     } cond1[] =
     {
-        {
-        "always", MSC_ALWAYS},
-        {
-        "myhpltmaxrate", MSC_MYHPLTMAXRATE},
-        {
-        "friendhpltmaxrate", MSC_FRIENDHPLTMAXRATE},
-        {
-        "mystatuson", MSC_MYSTATUSON},
-        {
-        "mystatusoff", MSC_MYSTATUSOFF},
-        {
-        "friendstatuson", MSC_FRIENDSTATUSON},
-        {
-        "friendstatusoff", MSC_FRIENDSTATUSOFF},
-        {
-        "notintown", MSC_NOTINTOWN},
-        {
-        "attackpcgt", MSC_ATTACKPCGT},
-        {
-        "attackpcge", MSC_ATTACKPCGE},
-        {
-        "slavelt", MSC_SLAVELT},
-        {
-        "slavele", MSC_SLAVELE},
-        {
-        "closedattacked", MSC_CLOSEDATTACKED},
-        {
-        "longrangeattacked", MSC_LONGRANGEATTACKED},
-        {
-        "skillused", MSC_SKILLUSED},
-        {
-    "casttargeted", MSC_CASTTARGETED},}, cond2[] =
+        {"always", MobSkillCondition::MSC_ALWAYS},
+        {"myhpltmaxrate", MobSkillCondition::MSC_MYHPLTMAXRATE},
+        {"notintown", MobSkillCondition::MSC_NOTINTOWN},
+        {"slavelt", MobSkillCondition::MSC_SLAVELT},
+        {"slavele", MobSkillCondition::MSC_SLAVELE},
+    };
+    const struct
     {
-        {
-        "anybad", -1},
-        {
-        "stone", SC_STONE},
-        {
-        "freeze", SC_FREEZE},
-        {
-        "stan", SC_STAN},
-        {
-        "sleep", SC_SLEEP},
-        {
-        "poison", SC_POISON},
-        {
-        "curse", SC_CURSE},
-        {
-        "silence", SC_SILENCE},
-        {
-        "confusion", SC_CONFUSION},
-        {
-        "blind", SC_BLIND},
-        {
-        "hiding", SC_HIDING},
-        {
-    "sight", SC_SIGHT},}, state[] =
+        char str[32];
+        MobSkillState id;
+    } state[] =
     {
-        {
-        "any", -1},
-        {
-        "idle", MSS_IDLE},
-        {
-        "walk", MSS_WALK},
-        {
-        "attack", MSS_ATTACK},
-        {
-        "dead", MSS_DEAD},
-        {
-        "loot", MSS_LOOT},
-        {
-    "chase", MSS_CHASE},}, target[] =
+        {"any", MobSkillState::ANY},
+        {"idle", MobSkillState::MSS_IDLE},
+        {"walk", MobSkillState::MSS_WALK},
+        {"attack", MobSkillState::MSS_ATTACK},
+    };
+    const struct
     {
-        {
-        "target", MST_TARGET},
-        {
-        "self", MST_SELF},
-        {
-        "friend", MST_FRIEND},
-        {
-        "master", MST_MASTER},
-        {
-        "around5", MST_AROUND5},
-        {
-        "around6", MST_AROUND6},
-        {
-        "around7", MST_AROUND7},
-        {
-        "around8", MST_AROUND8},
-        {
-        "around1", MST_AROUND1},
-        {
-        "around2", MST_AROUND2},
-        {
-        "around3", MST_AROUND3},
-        {
-        "around4", MST_AROUND4},
-        {
-    "around", MST_AROUND},};
+        char str[32];
+        MobSkillTarget id;
+    } target[] =
+    {
+        {"target", MobSkillTarget::MST_TARGET},
+        {"self", MobSkillTarget::MST_SELF},
+    };
 
-    int  x;
+    int x;
     const char *filename[] = { "db/mob_skill_db.txt", "db/mob_skill_db2.txt" };
 
     for (x = 0; x < 2; x++)
     {
 
-        fp = fopen_ (filename[x], "r");
+        fp = fopen_(filename[x], "r");
         if (fp == NULL)
         {
             if (x == 0)
-                printf ("can't read %s\n", filename[x]);
+                PRINTF("can't read %s\n", filename[x]);
             continue;
         }
-        while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+        while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
         {
             char *sp[20], *p;
-            int  mob_id;
-            struct mob_skill *ms;
-            int  j = 0;
+            int mob_id;
+            // always initialized, but clang is not smart enough yet
+            struct mob_skill *ms = nullptr;
+            int j = 0;
 
             if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
                 continue;
 
-            memset (sp, 0, sizeof (sp));
+            memset(sp, 0, sizeof(sp));
             for (i = 0, p = line; i < 18 && p; i++)
             {
                 sp[i] = p;
-                if ((p = strchr (p, ',')) != NULL)
+                if ((p = strchr(p, ',')) != NULL)
                     *p++ = 0;
             }
-            if ((mob_id = atoi (sp[0])) <= 0)
+            if ((mob_id = atoi(sp[0])) <= 0)
                 continue;
 
-            if (strcmp (sp[1], "clear") == 0)
+            if (strcmp(sp[1], "clear") == 0)
             {
-                memset (mob_db[mob_id].skill, 0,
-                        sizeof (mob_db[mob_id].skill));
+                memset(mob_db[mob_id].skill, 0,
+                        sizeof(mob_db[mob_id].skill));
                 mob_db[mob_id].maxskill = 0;
                 continue;
             }
 
             for (i = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILL; i++)
-                if ((ms = &mob_db[mob_id].skill[i])->skill_id == 0)
+                if ((ms = &mob_db[mob_id].skill[i])->skill_id == SkillID::ZERO)
                     break;
             if (i == MAX_MOBSKILL)
             {
-                printf
-                    ("mob_skill: readdb: too many skill ! [%s] in %d[%s]\n",
+                PRINTF("mob_skill: readdb: too many skill ! [%s] in %d[%s]\n",
                      sp[1], mob_id, mob_db[mob_id].jname);
                 continue;
             }
 
-            ms->state = atoi (sp[2]);
-            for (j = 0; j < sizeof (state) / sizeof (state[0]); j++)
+            ms->state = static_cast<MobSkillState>(atoi(sp[2]));
+            for (j = 0; j < sizeof(state) / sizeof(state[0]); j++)
             {
-                if (strcmp (sp[2], state[j].str) == 0)
+                if (strcmp(sp[2], state[j].str) == 0)
                     ms->state = state[j].id;
             }
-            ms->skill_id = atoi (sp[3]);
-            ms->skill_lv = atoi (sp[4]);
-
-            ms->permillage = atoi (sp[5]);
-            ms->casttime = atoi (sp[6]);
-            ms->delay = atoi (sp[7]);
-            ms->cancel = atoi (sp[8]);
-            if (strcmp (sp[8], "yes") == 0)
+            ms->skill_id = SkillID(atoi(sp[3]));
+            ms->skill_lv = atoi(sp[4]);
+
+            ms->permillage = atoi(sp[5]);
+            ms->casttime = static_cast<interval_t>(atoi(sp[6]));
+            ms->delay = static_cast<interval_t>(atoi(sp[7]));
+            ms->cancel = atoi(sp[8]);
+            if (strcmp(sp[8], "yes") == 0)
                 ms->cancel = 1;
-            ms->target = atoi (sp[9]);
-            for (j = 0; j < sizeof (target) / sizeof (target[0]); j++)
+            ms->target = static_cast<MobSkillTarget>(atoi(sp[9]));
+            for (j = 0; j < sizeof(target) / sizeof(target[0]); j++)
             {
-                if (strcmp (sp[9], target[j].str) == 0)
+                if (strcmp(sp[9], target[j].str) == 0)
                     ms->target = target[j].id;
             }
-            ms->cond1 = -1;
-            for (j = 0; j < sizeof (cond1) / sizeof (cond1[0]); j++)
+            ms->cond1 = MobSkillCondition::ANY;
+            for (j = 0; j < sizeof(cond1) / sizeof(cond1[0]); j++)
             {
-                if (strcmp (sp[10], cond1[j].str) == 0)
+                if (strcmp(sp[10], cond1[j].str) == 0)
                     ms->cond1 = cond1[j].id;
             }
-            ms->cond2 = atoi (sp[11]);
-            for (j = 0; j < sizeof (cond2) / sizeof (cond2[0]); j++)
-            {
-                if (strcmp (sp[11], cond2[j].str) == 0)
-                    ms->cond2 = cond2[j].id;
-            }
-            ms->val[0] = atoi (sp[12]);
-            ms->val[1] = atoi (sp[13]);
-            ms->val[2] = atoi (sp[14]);
-            ms->val[3] = atoi (sp[15]);
-            ms->val[4] = atoi (sp[16]);
-            if (sp[17] != NULL && strlen (sp[17]) > 2)
-                ms->emotion = atoi (sp[17]);
+            ms->cond2i = atoi(sp[11]);
+            ms->val[0] = atoi(sp[12]);
+            ms->val[1] = atoi(sp[13]);
+            ms->val[2] = atoi(sp[14]);
+            ms->val[3] = atoi(sp[15]);
+            ms->val[4] = atoi(sp[16]);
+            if (sp[17] != NULL && strlen(sp[17]) > 2)
+                ms->emotion = atoi(sp[17]);
             else
                 ms->emotion = -1;
             mob_db[mob_id].maxskill = i + 1;
         }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        printf ("read %s done\n", filename[x]);
+        fclose_(fp);
+        PRINTF("read %s done\n", filename[x]);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-void mob_reload (void)
+void mob_reload(void)
 {
     /*
      *
@@ -5064,25 +3729,27 @@ void mob_reload (void)
      *
      */
 
-    do_init_mob ();
+    do_init_mob();
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Circumference initialization of mob
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init_mob (void)
+int do_init_mob(void)
 {
-    mob_readdb ();
+    mob_readdb();
 
-    mob_readdb_mobavail ();
-    mob_read_randommonster ();
-    mob_readskilldb ();
+    mob_readskilldb();
 
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME, mob_ai_hard, 0, 0,
-                        MIN_MOBTHINKTIME);
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10, mob_ai_lazy, 0, 0,
-                        MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10);
+    Timer(gettick() + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME,
+            mob_ai_hard,
+            MIN_MOBTHINKTIME
+    ).detach();
+    Timer(gettick() + MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10,
+            mob_ai_lazy,
+            MIN_MOBTHINKTIME * 10
+    ).detach();
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/mob.hpp b/src/map/mob.hpp
index 19addf2..16715c4 100644
--- a/src/map/mob.hpp
+++ b/src/map/mob.hpp
@@ -1,151 +1,105 @@
-// $Id: mob.h,v 1.4 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef MOB_HPP
 #define MOB_HPP
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#define MAX_RANDOMMONSTER 3
+
+#include "mob.t.hpp"
+
+#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.t.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.t.hpp"
+
+#include "clif.t.hpp"
+#include "map.hpp"
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
 
 struct mob_skill
 {
-    short state;
-    short skill_id, skill_lv;
+    MobSkillState state;
+    SkillID skill_id;
+    short skill_lv;
     short permillage;
-    int  casttime, delay;
+    interval_t casttime, delay;
     short cancel;
-    short cond1, cond2;
-    short target;
-    int  val[5];
+    MobSkillCondition cond1;
+    int cond2i;
+    MobSkillTarget target;
+    int val[5];
     short emotion;
 };
 
 struct mob_db
 {
     char name[24], jname[24];
-    int  lv;
-    int  max_hp, max_sp;
-    int  base_exp, job_exp;
-    int  atk1, atk2;
-    int  def, mdef;
-    int  str, agi, vit, int_, dex, luk;
-    int  range, range2, range3;
-    int  size, race, element, mode;
-    int  speed, adelay, amotion, dmotion;
-    int  mexp, mexpper;
-    int  mutations_nr, mutation_power;
+    int lv;
+    int max_hp, max_sp;
+    int base_exp, job_exp;
+    int atk1, atk2;
+    int def, mdef;
+    earray<int, ATTR, ATTR::COUNT> attrs;
+    int range, range2, range3;
+    // always 1
+    int size;
+    Race race;
+    LevelElement element;
+    MobMode mode;
+    int speed, adelay, amotion, dmotion;
+    int mutations_nr, mutation_power;
     struct
     {
-        int  nameid, p;
+        int nameid;
+        random_::Fixed<int, 10000> p;
     } dropitem[8];
-    struct
-    {
-        int  nameid, p;
-    } mvpitem[3];
-    int  view_class, sex;
+    int sex;
     short hair, hair_color, weapon, shield, head_top, head_mid, head_buttom, option, clothes_color; // [Valaris]
-    int  equip;                 // [Valaris]
-    int  summonper[MAX_RANDOMMONSTER];
-    int  maxskill;
+    int equip;                 // [Valaris]
+    int maxskill;
     struct mob_skill skill[MAX_MOBSKILL];
 };
 extern struct mob_db mob_db[];
 
-enum
-{
-    MST_TARGET = 0,
-    MST_SELF,
-    MST_FRIEND,
-    MST_MASTER,
-    MST_AROUND5,
-    MST_AROUND6,
-    MST_AROUND7,
-    MST_AROUND8,
-    MST_AROUND1,
-    MST_AROUND2,
-    MST_AROUND3,
-    MST_AROUND4,
-    MST_AROUND = MST_AROUND4,
-
-    MSC_ALWAYS = 0x0000,
-    MSC_MYHPLTMAXRATE = 0x0001,
-    MSC_FRIENDHPLTMAXRATE = 0x0010,
-    MSC_MYSTATUSON = 0x0020,
-    MSC_MYSTATUSOFF = 0x0021,
-    MSC_FRIENDSTATUSON = 0x0030,
-    MSC_FRIENDSTATUSOFF = 0x0031,
-    MSC_NOTINTOWN = 0x0032,
-
-    MSC_ATTACKPCGT = 0x0100,
-    MSC_ATTACKPCGE = 0x0101,
-    MSC_SLAVELT = 0x0110,
-    MSC_SLAVELE = 0x0111,
-    MSC_CLOSEDATTACKED = 0x1000,
-    MSC_LONGRANGEATTACKED = 0x1001,
-    MSC_SKILLUSED = 0x1010,
-    MSC_CASTTARGETED = 0x1011,
-};
-
-enum
-{
-    MSS_IDLE,                   // å¾…æ©Ÿ
-    MSS_WALK,                   // 移動
-    MSS_ATTACK,                 // 攻撃
-    MSS_DEAD,                   // 死亡
-    MSS_LOOT,                   // ルート
-    MSS_CHASE,                  // �撃
-};
-
-int  mobdb_searchname (const char *str);
-int  mobdb_checkid (const int id);
-int  mob_once_spawn (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,
-                     int x, int y, const char *mobname, int class_, int amount,
-                     const char *event);
-int  mob_once_spawn_area (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x0,
-                          int y0, int x1, int y1, const char *mobname,
-                          int class_, int amount, const char *event);
-
-int  mob_spawn_guardian (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname,    // Spawning Guardians [Valaris]
-                         int x, int y, const char *mobname, int class_, int amount, const char *event, int guardian);    // Spawning Guardians [Valaris]
-
-int  mob_walktoxy (struct mob_data *md, int x, int y, int easy);
-
-int  mob_target (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int dist);
-int  mob_stop_walking (struct mob_data *md, int type);
-int  mob_stopattack (struct mob_data *);
-int  mob_spawn (int);
-int  mob_damage (struct block_list *, struct mob_data *, int, int);
-int  mob_changestate (struct mob_data *md, int state, int type);
-int  mob_heal (struct mob_data *, int);
-int  mob_get_viewclass (int);
-int  mob_get_sex (int);
-short mob_get_hair (int);
-short mob_get_hair_color (int);
-short mob_get_weapon (int);
-short mob_get_shield (int);
-short mob_get_head_top (int);
-short mob_get_head_mid (int);
-short mob_get_head_buttom (int);
-short mob_get_clothes_color (int);  //player mob dye [Valaris]
-int  mob_get_equip (int);       // mob equip [Valaris]
-int  do_init_mob (void);
-
-int  mob_delete (struct mob_data *md);
-int  mob_catch_delete (struct mob_data *md, int type);
-void mob_timer_delete (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-
-int  mob_deleteslave (struct mob_data *md);
-
-int  mob_counttargeted (struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *src,
-                        int target_lv);
-
-int  mob_class_change (struct mob_data *md, int *value);
-int  mob_warp (struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, int type);
-
-int  mobskill_use (struct mob_data *md, unsigned int tick, int event);
-int  mobskill_event (struct mob_data *md, int flag);
-void mobskill_castend_id (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data);
-void mobskill_castend_pos (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data);
-int  mob_summonslave (struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag);
-
-int  mob_gvmobcheck (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl);
-void mob_reload (void);
-
-#endif
+int mobdb_searchname(const char *str);
+int mobdb_checkid(const int id);
+int mob_once_spawn(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        const char *mapname, int x, int y,
+        const char *mobname, int class_, int amount, const char *event);
+int mob_once_spawn_area(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        const char *mapname, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1,
+        const char *mobname, int class_, int amount, const char *event);
+
+int mob_target(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *bl, int dist);
+int mob_stop_walking(struct mob_data *md, int type);
+int mob_stopattack(struct mob_data *);
+int mob_spawn(int);
+int mob_damage(struct block_list *, struct mob_data *, int, int);
+int mob_heal(struct mob_data *, int);
+int mob_get_sex(int);
+short mob_get_hair(int);
+short mob_get_hair_color(int);
+short mob_get_weapon(int);
+short mob_get_shield(int);
+short mob_get_head_top(int);
+short mob_get_head_mid(int);
+short mob_get_head_buttom(int);
+short mob_get_clothes_color(int);  //player mob dye [Valaris]
+int mob_get_equip(int);       // mob equip [Valaris]
+int do_init_mob(void);
+
+int mob_delete(struct mob_data *md);
+int mob_catch_delete(struct mob_data *md, BeingRemoveWhy type);
+void mob_timer_delete(TimerData *, tick_t, int);
+
+int mob_deleteslave(struct mob_data *md);
+
+int mob_counttargeted(struct mob_data *md, struct block_list *src,
+        ATK target_lv);
+
+int mob_warp(struct mob_data *md, int m, int x, int y, BeingRemoveWhy type);
+
+int mobskill_use(struct mob_data *md, tick_t tick, MobSkillCondition event);
+int mobskill_event(struct mob_data *md, BF flag);
+void mobskill_castend_id(TimerData *tid, tick_t tick, int id);
+void mobskill_castend_pos(TimerData *tid, tick_t tick, int id);
+int mob_summonslave(struct mob_data *md2, int *value, int amount, int flag);
+
+void mob_reload(void);
+
+#endif // MOB_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/mob.t.hpp b/src/map/mob.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b112c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/mob.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef MOB_T_HPP
+#define MOB_T_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+enum class MobSkillTarget
+{
+    MST_TARGET = 0,
+    MST_SELF,
+};
+
+/// Used as a condition when trying to apply the chosen mob skill.
+enum class MobSkillCondition : uint16_t
+{
+    // used as something that never compares true
+    NEVER_EQUAL = 0xfffe,
+    ANY = 0xffff,
+
+    MSC_ALWAYS = 0x0000,
+    MSC_MYHPLTMAXRATE = 0x0001,
+
+    MSC_NOTINTOWN = 0x0032,
+
+    MSC_SLAVELT = 0x0110,
+    MSC_SLAVELE = 0x0111,
+};
+
+/// Used as a filter when trying to choose a mob skill to use.
+enum class MobSkillState : uint8_t
+{
+    ANY = 0xff,
+
+    MSS_IDLE = 0,
+    MSS_WALK,
+    MSS_ATTACK,
+    MSS_DEAD,
+    MSS_LOOT,
+    MSS_CHASE,
+};
+
+#endif // MOB_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/npc.cpp b/src/map/npc.cpp
index c25f585..c08a0e7 100644
--- a/src/map/npc.cpp
+++ b/src/map/npc.cpp
@@ -1,30 +1,26 @@
-// $Id: npc.c,v 1.5 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <time.h>
+#include "npc.hpp"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
 
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/db.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
 
 #include "battle.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "mob.hpp"
-#include "npc.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
 #include "script.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 struct npc_src_list
 {
@@ -33,24 +29,30 @@ struct npc_src_list
     char name[4];
 };
 
-static struct npc_src_list *npc_src_first, *npc_src_last;
-static int npc_id = START_NPC_NUM;
-static int npc_warp, npc_shop, npc_script, npc_mob;
+static
+struct npc_src_list *npc_src_first, *npc_src_last;
+static
+int npc_id = START_NPC_NUM;
+static
+int npc_warp, npc_shop, npc_script, npc_mob;
 
-int npc_get_new_npc_id (void)
+int npc_get_new_npc_id(void)
 {
     return npc_id++;
 }
 
-static struct dbt *ev_db;
-static struct dbt *npcname_db;
-
 struct event_data
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
-    int  pos;
+    int pos;
 };
-static struct tm ev_tm_b;       // 時計イベント用
+static
+Map<std::string, struct event_data> ev_db;
+static
+DMap<std::string, struct npc_data *> npcname_db;
+
+static
+struct tm ev_tm_b;       // 時計イベント用
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPC�無効化/有効化
@@ -59,63 +61,48 @@ static struct tm ev_tm_b;       // 時計イベント用
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int npc_enable_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void npc_enable_sub(struct block_list *bl, struct npc_data *nd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    char *name = (char *) calloc (50, sizeof (char));
+    char *name = (char *) calloc(50, sizeof(char));
+
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd = va_arg (ap, struct npc_data *));
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
     {
 
         if (nd->flag & 1)       // 無効化�れ��る
-            return 1;
+            return;
 
-        memcpy (name, nd->name, sizeof(nd->name));
+        memcpy(name, nd->name, sizeof(nd->name));
         if (sd->areanpc_id == nd->bl.id)
-            return 1;
+            return; // TODO fix leak of 'name'
         sd->areanpc_id = nd->bl.id;
-        npc_event (sd, strcat (name, "::OnTouch"), 0);
+        npc_event(sd, strcat(name, "::OnTouch"), 0);
     }
-    free (name);
-    return 0;
+    free(name);
 }
 
-int npc_enable (const char *name, int flag)
+int npc_enable(const char *name, bool flag)
 {
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *)strdb_search (npcname_db, name);
+    struct npc_data *nd = npcname_db.get(name);
     if (nd == NULL)
         return 0;
 
-    if (flag & 1)
+    if (flag)
     {                           // 有効化
         nd->flag &= ~1;
-        clif_spawnnpc (nd);
-    }
-    else if (flag & 2)
-    {
-        nd->flag &= ~1;
-        nd->option = 0x0000;
-        clif_changeoption (&nd->bl);
-    }
-    else if (flag & 4)
-    {
-        nd->flag |= 1;
-        nd->option = 0x0002;
-        clif_changeoption (&nd->bl);
+        clif_spawnnpc(nd);
     }
     else
     {                           // 無効化
         nd->flag |= 1;
-        clif_clearchar (&nd->bl, 0);
+        clif_clearchar(&nd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
     }
-    if (flag & 3 && (nd->u.scr.xs > 0 || nd->u.scr.ys > 0))
-        map_foreachinarea (npc_enable_sub, nd->bl.m, nd->bl.x - nd->u.scr.xs,
-                           nd->bl.y - nd->u.scr.ys, nd->bl.x + nd->u.scr.xs,
-                           nd->bl.y + nd->u.scr.ys, BL_PC, nd);
+    if (flag && (nd->u.scr.xs > 0 || nd->u.scr.ys > 0))
+        map_foreachinarea(std::bind(npc_enable_sub, ph::_1, nd),
+                nd->bl.m, nd->bl.x - nd->u.scr.xs, nd->bl.y - nd->u.scr.ys,
+                nd->bl.x + nd->u.scr.xs, nd->bl.y + nd->u.scr.ys, BL::PC);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -124,32 +111,32 @@ int npc_enable (const char *name, int flag)
  * NPCを���探�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct npc_data *npc_name2id (const char *name)
+struct npc_data *npc_name2id(const char *name)
 {
-    return (struct npc_data *)strdb_search (npcname_db, name);
+    return npcname_db.get(name);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * イベントキュー�イベント処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_event_dequeue (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int npc_event_dequeue(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     sd->npc_id = 0;
 
     if (sd->eventqueue[0][0]) // キュー�イベント処�
     {
-        if (!pc_addeventtimer(sd, 100, sd->eventqueue[0]))
+        if (!pc_addeventtimer(sd, std::chrono::milliseconds(100), sd->eventqueue[0]))
         {
-            printf ("npc_event_dequeue(): Event timer is full.\n");
+            PRINTF("npc_event_dequeue(): Event timer is full.\n");
             return 0;
         }
 
         if (MAX_EVENTQUEUE > 1)
-            memmove (sd->eventqueue[0], sd->eventqueue[1],
-                     (MAX_EVENTQUEUE - 1) * sizeof (sd->eventqueue[0]));
+            memmove(sd->eventqueue[0], sd->eventqueue[1],
+                     (MAX_EVENTQUEUE - 1) * sizeof(sd->eventqueue[0]));
         sd->eventqueue[MAX_EVENTQUEUE - 1][0] = '\0';
         return 1;
     }
@@ -157,213 +144,94 @@ int npc_event_dequeue (struct map_session_data *sd)
     return 0;
 }
 
-int npc_delete (struct npc_data *nd)
+int npc_delete(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, nd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, nd);
 
     if (nd->bl.prev == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    clif_clearchar_area (&nd->bl, 1);
-    map_delblock (&nd->bl);
+    clif_clearchar(&nd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
+    map_delblock(&nd->bl);
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * イベント��延実行
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void npc_event_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+int npc_timer_event(const char *eventname) // Added by RoVeRT
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (id);
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return;
-
-    npc_event (sd, (const char *) data, 0);
-    free ((void *) data);
-}
-
-int npc_timer_event (const char *eventname) // Added by RoVeRT
-{
-    struct event_data *ev = (struct event_data *)strdb_search (ev_db, eventname);
+    struct event_data *ev = ev_db.search(eventname);
     struct npc_data *nd;
 //  int xs,ys;
 
     if ((ev == NULL || (nd = ev->nd) == NULL))
     {
-        printf ("npc_event: event not found [%s]\n", eventname);
+        PRINTF("npc_event: event not found [%s]\n", eventname);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    run_script (nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, nd->bl.id, nd->bl.id);
+    run_script(nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, nd->bl.id, nd->bl.id);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*
-int npc_timer_sub_sub(void *key,void *data,va_list ap)	// Added by RoVeRT
-{
-	char *p=(char *)key;
-	struct event_data *ev=(struct event_data *)data;
-	int *c=va_arg(ap,int *);
-	int tick=0,ctick=gettick();
-	char temp[10];
-	char event[100];
-
-	if(ev->nd->bl.id==(int)*c && (p=strchr(p,':')) && p && strncasecmp("::OnTimer",p,8)==0 ){
-		sscanf(&p[9],"%s",temp);
-		tick=atoi(temp);
-
-		strcpy( event, ev->nd->name);
-		strcat( event, p);
-
-		if (ctick >= ev->nd->lastaction && ctick - ev->nd->timer >= tick) {
-			npc_timer_event(event);
-			ev->nd->lastaction = ctick;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int npc_timer_sub(void *key,void *data,va_list ap)	// Added by RoVeRT
-{
-	struct npc_data *nd=(struct npc_data*)data;
-
-	if(nd->timer == -1)
-		return 0;
-
-	strdb_foreach(ev_db,npc_timer_sub_sub,&nd->bl.id);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int npc_timer(int tid,unsigned int tick,int id,int data)	// Added by RoVeRT
-{
-	strdb_foreach(npcname_db,npc_timer_sub);
-
-	free((void*)data);
-	return 0;
-}*/
-/*==========================================
- * イベント用ラベル�エクス�ート
- * npc_parse_script->strdb_foreach�ら呼�れる
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int npc_event_export (void *key, void *data, va_list ap)
-{
-    char *lname = (char *) key;
-    int  pos = (int) data;
-    struct npc_data *nd = va_arg (ap, struct npc_data *);
-
-    if ((lname[0] == 'O' || lname[0] == 'o')
-        && (lname[1] == 'N' || lname[1] == 'n'))
-    {
-        struct event_data *ev;
-        char *buf;
-        char *p = strchr (lname, ':');
-        // エクス�ート�れる
-        CREATE (ev, struct event_data, 1);
-        CREATE (buf, char, 50);
-        if (p == NULL || (p - lname) > 24)
-        {
-            printf ("npc_event_export: label name error !\n");
-            exit (1);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            ev->nd = nd;
-            ev->pos = pos;
-            *p = '\0';
-            sprintf (buf, "%s::%s", nd->exname, lname);
-            *p = ':';
-            strdb_insert (ev_db, buf, ev);
-//          if (battle_config.etc_log)
-//              printf("npc_event_export: export [%s]\n",buf);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * 全��NPC�On*イベント実行
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void npc_event_doall_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void npc_event_doall_sub(const std::string& key, struct event_data *ev,
+        int *c, const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t *argv)
 {
-    const char *p = key.s;
-    int  rid, argc;
-    argrec_t *argv;
-    struct event_data *ev;
-    int *c;
-    const char *name;
+    const char *p = key.c_str();
 
-    nullpo_retv (ev = (struct event_data *) data);
-    nullpo_retv (ap);
-    nullpo_retv (c = va_arg (ap, int *));
+    nullpo_retv(ev);
 
-    name = va_arg (ap, const char *);
-    rid = va_arg (ap, int);
-    argc = va_arg (ap, int);
-    argv = va_arg (ap, argrec_t *);
-
-    if ((p = strchr (p, ':')) && p && strcasecmp (name, p) == 0)
+    if ((p = strchr(p, ':')) && p && strcasecmp(name, p) == 0)
     {
-        run_script_l (ev->nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, rid, ev->nd->bl.id, argc,
+        run_script_l(ev->nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, rid, ev->nd->bl.id, argc,
                       argv);
         (*c)++;
     }
 }
 
-int npc_event_doall_l (const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t * args)
+int npc_event_doall_l(const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t *args)
 {
-    int  c = 0;
+    int c = 0;
     char buf[64] = "::";
 
-    strncpy (buf + 2, name, sizeof(buf)-3);
+    strncpy(buf + 2, name, sizeof(buf)-3);
     buf[sizeof(buf)-1] = '\0';
-    strdb_foreach (ev_db, npc_event_doall_sub, &c, buf, rid, argc, args);
+    for (auto& pair : ev_db)
+        npc_event_doall_sub(pair.first, &pair.second, &c, buf, rid, argc, args);
     return c;
 }
 
 static
-void npc_event_do_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void npc_event_do_sub(const std::string& key, struct event_data *ev,
+        int *c, const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t *argv)
 {
-    const char *p = key.s;
-    struct event_data *ev;
-    int *c;
-    const char *name;
-    int  rid, argc;
-    argrec_t *argv;
-
-    nullpo_retv (ev = (struct event_data *) data);
-    nullpo_retv (ap);
-    nullpo_retv (c = va_arg (ap, int *));
+    const char *p = key.c_str();
 
-    name = va_arg (ap, const char *);
-    rid = va_arg (ap, int);
-    argc = va_arg (ap, int);
-    argv = va_arg (ap, argrec_t *);
+    nullpo_retv(ev);
 
-    if (p && strcasecmp (name, p) == 0)
+    if (p && strcasecmp(name, p) == 0)
     {
-        run_script_l (ev->nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, rid, ev->nd->bl.id, argc,
+        run_script_l(ev->nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, rid, ev->nd->bl.id, argc,
                       argv);
         (*c)++;
     }
 }
 
-int npc_event_do_l (const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t * args)
+int npc_event_do_l(const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t *args)
 {
-    int  c = 0;
+    int c = 0;
 
     if (*name == ':' && name[1] == ':')
     {
-        return npc_event_doall_l (name + 2, rid, argc, args);
+        return npc_event_doall_l(name + 2, rid, argc, args);
     }
 
-    strdb_foreach (ev_db, npc_event_do_sub, &c, name, rid, argc, args);
+    for (auto& pair : ev_db)
+        npc_event_do_sub(pair.first, &pair.second, &c, name, rid, argc, args);
     return c;
 }
 
@@ -372,180 +240,47 @@ int npc_event_do_l (const char *name, int rid, int argc, argrec_t * args)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void npc_event_do_clock (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void npc_event_do_clock(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    time_t timer;
-    struct tm *t;
-    char buf[64];
-    int  c = 0;
-
-    time (&timer);
-    t = gmtime (&timer);
+    struct tm t = TimeT::now();
 
-    if (t->tm_min != ev_tm_b.tm_min)
+    if (t.tm_min != ev_tm_b.tm_min)
     {
-        sprintf (buf, "OnMinute%02d", t->tm_min);
-        c += npc_event_doall (buf);
-        sprintf (buf, "OnClock%02d%02d", t->tm_hour, t->tm_min);
-        c += npc_event_doall (buf);
+        std::string buf;
+        buf = STRPRINTF("OnMinute%02d", t.tm_min);
+        npc_event_doall(buf.c_str());
+        buf = STRPRINTF("OnClock%02d%02d", t.tm_hour, t.tm_min);
+        npc_event_doall(buf.c_str());
     }
-    if (t->tm_hour != ev_tm_b.tm_hour)
+    if (t.tm_hour != ev_tm_b.tm_hour)
     {
-        sprintf (buf, "OnHour%02d", t->tm_hour);
-        c += npc_event_doall (buf);
+        std::string buf;
+        buf = STRPRINTF("OnHour%02d", t.tm_hour);
+        npc_event_doall(buf.c_str());
     }
-    if (t->tm_mday != ev_tm_b.tm_mday)
+    if (t.tm_mday != ev_tm_b.tm_mday)
     {
-        sprintf (buf, "OnDay%02d%02d", t->tm_mon + 1, t->tm_mday);
-        c += npc_event_doall (buf);
+        std::string buf;
+        buf = STRPRINTF("OnDay%02d%02d", t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday);
+        npc_event_doall(buf.c_str());
     }
-    memcpy (&ev_tm_b, t, sizeof (ev_tm_b));
+    ev_tm_b = t;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * OnInitイベント実行(&時計イベント開始)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_event_do_oninit (void)
-{
-    int  c = npc_event_doall ("OnInit");
-    printf ("npc: OnInit Event done. (%d npc)\n", c);
-
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + 100, npc_event_do_clock, 0, 0, 1000);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * OnTimer NPC event - by RoVeRT
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int npc_addeventtimer (struct npc_data *nd, int tick, const char *name)
-{
-    int  i;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (nd->eventtimer[i] == -1)
-            break;
-    if (i < MAX_EVENTTIMER)
-    {
-        char *evname;
-        CREATE (evname, char, 24);
-        memcpy (evname, name, 24);
-        nd->eventtimer[i] = add_timer (gettick () + tick,
-                                       npc_event_timer, nd->bl.id,
-                                       (int) evname);
-    }
-    else
-        printf ("npc_addtimer: event timer is full !\n");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int npc_deleventtimer (struct npc_data *nd, const char *name)
-{
-    int  i;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (nd->eventtimer[i] != -1 && strcmp ((char
-                                                *) (get_timer (nd->eventtimer
-                                                               [i])->data),
-                                               name) == 0)
-        {
-            delete_timer (nd->eventtimer[i], npc_event_timer);
-            nd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
-            break;
-        }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-int npc_cleareventtimer (struct npc_data *nd)
-{
-    int  i;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (nd->eventtimer[i] != -1)
-        {
-            delete_timer (nd->eventtimer[i], npc_event_timer);
-            nd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
-        }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-void npc_do_ontimer_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+int npc_event_do_oninit(void)
 {
-    const char *p = key.s;
-    struct event_data *ev = (struct event_data *) data;
-    int *c = va_arg (ap, int *);
-//  struct map_session_data *sd=va_arg(ap,struct map_session_data *);
-    int  option = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int  tick = 0;
-    char temp[10];
-    char event[50];
+    int c = npc_event_doall("OnInit");
+    PRINTF("npc: OnInit Event done. (%d npc)\n", c);
 
-    if (ev->nd->bl.id == (int) *c && (p = strchr (p, ':')) && p
-        && strncasecmp ("::OnTimer", p, 8) == 0)
-    {
-        sscanf (&p[9], "%s", temp);
-        tick = atoi (temp);
-
-        strcpy (event, ev->nd->name);
-        strcat (event, p);
-
-        if (option != 0)
-        {
-            npc_addeventtimer (ev->nd, tick, event);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            npc_deleventtimer (ev->nd, event);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-int npc_do_ontimer (int id, struct map_session_data *sd, int option)
-{
-    strdb_foreach (ev_db, npc_do_ontimer_sub, &id, sd, option);
-    return 0;
-}
+    Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::milliseconds(100),
+            npc_event_do_clock,
+            std::chrono::seconds(1)
+    ).detach();
 
-/*==========================================
- * タイマーイベント用ラベル��り込�
- * npc_parse_script->strdb_foreach�ら呼�れる
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int npc_timerevent_import (void *key, void *data, va_list ap)
-{
-    char *lname = (char *) key;
-    int  pos = (int) data;
-    struct npc_data *nd = va_arg (ap, struct npc_data *);
-    int  t = 0, i = 0;
-
-    if (sscanf (lname, "OnTimer%d%n", &t, &i) == 1 && lname[i] == ':')
-    {
-        // タイマーイベント
-        struct npc_timerevent_list *te = nd->u.scr.timer_event;
-        int  j;
-        i = nd->u.scr.timeramount;
-        RECREATE (te, struct npc_timerevent_list, i+1);
-        for (j = 0; j < i; j++)
-        {
-            if (te[j].timer > t)
-            {
-                memmove (te + j + 1, te + j,
-                         sizeof (struct npc_timerevent_list) * (i - j));
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        te[j].timer = t;
-        te[j].pos = pos;
-        nd->u.scr.timer_event = te;
-        nd->u.scr.timeramount = i + 1;
-    }
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -554,40 +289,39 @@ int npc_timerevent_import (void *key, void *data, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void npc_timerevent (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void npc_timerevent(TimerData *, tick_t tick, int id, interval_t data)
 {
-    int  next, t;
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (id);
+    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(id);
     struct npc_timerevent_list *te;
-    if (nd == NULL || nd->u.scr.nexttimer < 0)
-    {
-        printf ("npc_timerevent: ??\n");
-        return;
-    }
+    assert (nd != NULL);
+    assert (nd->u.scr.nexttimer >= 0);
+
     nd->u.scr.timertick = tick;
     te = nd->u.scr.timer_event + nd->u.scr.nexttimer;
-    nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+    // nd->u.scr.timerid = nullptr;
 
-    t = nd->u.scr.timer += data;
+    interval_t t = nd->u.scr.timer += data;
     nd->u.scr.nexttimer++;
     if (nd->u.scr.timeramount > nd->u.scr.nexttimer)
     {
-        next = nd->u.scr.timer_event[nd->u.scr.nexttimer].timer - t;
-        nd->u.scr.timerid = add_timer (tick + next, npc_timerevent, id, next);
+        interval_t next = nd->u.scr.timer_event[nd->u.scr.nexttimer].timer - t;
+        nd->u.scr.timerid = Timer(tick + next,
+                std::bind(npc_timerevent, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    id, next));
     }
 
-    run_script (nd->u.scr.script, te->pos, 0, nd->bl.id);
+    run_script(nd->u.scr.script, te->pos, 0, nd->bl.id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * タイマーイベント開始
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_timerevent_start (struct npc_data *nd)
+int npc_timerevent_start(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    int  j, n, next;
+    int j, n;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
     n = nd->u.scr.timeramount;
     if (nd->u.scr.nexttimer >= 0 || n == 0)
@@ -599,14 +333,15 @@ int npc_timerevent_start (struct npc_data *nd)
             break;
     }
     nd->u.scr.nexttimer = j;
-    nd->u.scr.timertick = gettick ();
+    nd->u.scr.timertick = gettick();
 
     if (j >= n)
         return 0;
 
-    next = nd->u.scr.timer_event[j].timer - nd->u.scr.timer;
-    nd->u.scr.timerid =
-        add_timer (gettick () + next, npc_timerevent, nd->bl.id, next);
+    interval_t next = nd->u.scr.timer_event[j].timer - nd->u.scr.timer;
+    nd->u.scr.timerid = Timer(gettick() + next,
+            std::bind(npc_timerevent, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                nd->bl.id, next));
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -614,17 +349,15 @@ int npc_timerevent_start (struct npc_data *nd)
  * タイマーイベント終了
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_timerevent_stop (struct npc_data *nd)
+int npc_timerevent_stop(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
     if (nd->u.scr.nexttimer >= 0)
     {
         nd->u.scr.nexttimer = -1;
-        nd->u.scr.timer += (int) (gettick () - nd->u.scr.timertick);
-        if (nd->u.scr.timerid != -1)
-            delete_timer (nd->u.scr.timerid, npc_timerevent);
-        nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+        nd->u.scr.timer += gettick() - nd->u.scr.timertick;
+        nd->u.scr.timerid.cancel();
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -633,16 +366,14 @@ int npc_timerevent_stop (struct npc_data *nd)
  * タイマー値�所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_gettimerevent_tick (struct npc_data *nd)
+interval_t npc_gettimerevent_tick(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    int  tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), nd);
 
-    tick = nd->u.scr.timer;
+    interval_t tick = nd->u.scr.timer;
 
     if (nd->u.scr.nexttimer >= 0)
-        tick += (int) (gettick () - nd->u.scr.timertick);
+        tick += gettick() - nd->u.scr.timertick;
     return tick;
 }
 
@@ -650,18 +381,18 @@ int npc_gettimerevent_tick (struct npc_data *nd)
  * タイマー値�設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_settimerevent_tick (struct npc_data *nd, int newtimer)
+int npc_settimerevent_tick(struct npc_data *nd, interval_t newtimer)
 {
-    int  flag;
+    int flag;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, nd);
+    nullpo_ret(nd);
 
     flag = nd->u.scr.nexttimer;
 
-    npc_timerevent_stop (nd);
+    npc_timerevent_stop(nd);
     nd->u.scr.timer = newtimer;
     if (flag >= 0)
-        npc_timerevent_start (nd);
+        npc_timerevent_start(nd);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -669,41 +400,41 @@ int npc_settimerevent_tick (struct npc_data *nd, int newtimer)
  * イベント型�NPC処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_event (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *eventname,
+int npc_event(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *eventname,
                int mob_kill)
 {
-    struct event_data *ev = (struct event_data *)strdb_search (ev_db, eventname);
+    struct event_data *ev = ev_db.search(eventname);
     struct npc_data *nd;
-    int  xs, ys;
+    int xs, ys;
     char mobevent[100];
 
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("npc_event nullpo?\n");
+        PRINTF("npc_event nullpo?\n");
     }
 
     if (ev == NULL && eventname
-        && strcmp (((eventname) + strlen (eventname) - 9), "::OnTouch") == 0)
+        && strcmp(((eventname) + strlen(eventname) - 9), "::OnTouch") == 0)
         return 1;
 
     if (ev == NULL || (nd = ev->nd) == NULL)
     {
         if (mob_kill && (ev == NULL || (nd = ev->nd) == NULL))
         {
-            strcpy (mobevent, eventname);
-            strcat (mobevent, "::OnMyMobDead");
-            ev = (struct event_data *)strdb_search (ev_db, mobevent);
+            strcpy(mobevent, eventname);
+            strcat(mobevent, "::OnMyMobDead");
+            ev = ev_db.search(mobevent);
             if (ev == NULL || (nd = ev->nd) == NULL)
             {
-                if (strncasecmp (eventname, "GM_MONSTER", 10) != 0)
-                    printf ("npc_event: event not found [%s]\n", mobevent);
+                if (strncasecmp(eventname, "GM_MONSTER", 10) != 0)
+                    PRINTF("npc_event: event not found [%s]\n", mobevent);
                 return 0;
             }
         }
         else
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("npc_event: event not found [%s]\n", eventname);
+                PRINTF("npc_event: event not found [%s]\n", eventname);
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -725,59 +456,57 @@ int npc_event (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *eventname,
     if (sd->npc_id != 0)
     {
 //      if (battle_config.error_log)
-//          printf("npc_event: npc_id != 0\n");
-        int  i;
+//          PRINTF("npc_event: npc_id != 0\n");
+        int i;
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTQUEUE; i++)
             if (!sd->eventqueue[i][0])
                 break;
         if (i == MAX_EVENTQUEUE)
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("npc_event: event queue is full !\n");
+                PRINTF("npc_event: event queue is full !\n");
         }
         else
         {
 //          if (battle_config.etc_log)
-//              printf("npc_event: enqueue\n");
-            strncpy (sd->eventqueue[i], eventname, 50);
+//              PRINTF("npc_event: enqueue\n");
+            strncpy(sd->eventqueue[i], eventname, 50);
             sd->eventqueue[i][49] = '\0';
         }
         return 1;
     }
     if (nd->flag & 1)
     {                           // 無効化�れ��る
-        npc_event_dequeue (sd);
+        npc_event_dequeue(sd);
         return 0;
     }
 
     sd->npc_id = nd->bl.id;
     sd->npc_pos =
-        run_script (nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, sd->bl.id, nd->bl.id);
+        run_script(nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, sd->bl.id, nd->bl.id);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-void npc_command_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void npc_command_sub(const std::string& key, struct event_data *ev, const char *npcname, const char *command)
 {
-    const char *p = key.s;
-    struct event_data *ev = (struct event_data *) data;
-    char *npcname = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    char *command = va_arg (ap, char *);
+    const char *p = key.c_str();
     char temp[100];
 
-    if (strcmp (ev->nd->name, npcname) == 0 && (p = strchr (p, ':')) && p
-        && strncasecmp ("::OnCommand", p, 10) == 0)
+    if (strcmp(ev->nd->name, npcname) == 0 && (p = strchr(p, ':')) && p
+        && strncasecmp("::OnCommand", p, 10) == 0)
     {
-        sscanf (&p[11], "%s", temp);
+        sscanf(&p[11], "%s", temp);
 
-        if (strcmp (command, temp) == 0)
-            run_script (ev->nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, 0, ev->nd->bl.id);
+        if (strcmp(command, temp) == 0)
+            run_script(ev->nd->u.scr.script, ev->pos, 0, ev->nd->bl.id);
     }
 }
 
-int npc_command (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *npcname, const char *command)
+int npc_command(struct map_session_data *, const char *npcname, const char *command)
 {
-    strdb_foreach (ev_db, npc_command_sub, npcname, command);
+    for (auto& pair : ev_db)
+        npc_command_sub(pair.first, &pair.second, npcname, command);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -786,12 +515,12 @@ int npc_command (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *npcname, const char *c
  * 接触型�NPC処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_touch_areanpc (struct map_session_data *sd, int m, int x, int y)
+int npc_touch_areanpc(struct map_session_data *sd, int m, int x, int y)
 {
-    int  i, f = 1;
-    int  xs, ys;
+    int i, f = 1;
+    int xs, ys;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (sd->npc_id)
         return 1;
@@ -806,12 +535,12 @@ int npc_touch_areanpc (struct map_session_data *sd, int m, int x, int y)
 
         switch (map[m].npc[i]->bl.subtype)
         {
-            case WARP:
+            case NpcSubtype::WARP:
                 xs = map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.xs;
                 ys = map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.ys;
                 break;
-            case MESSAGE:
-            case SCRIPT:
+            case NpcSubtype::MESSAGE:
+            case NpcSubtype::SCRIPT:
                 xs = map[m].npc[i]->u.scr.xs;
                 ys = map[m].npc[i]->u.scr.ys;
                 break;
@@ -829,29 +558,29 @@ int npc_touch_areanpc (struct map_session_data *sd, int m, int x, int y)
         if (f)
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("npc_touch_areanpc : some bug \n");
+                PRINTF("npc_touch_areanpc : some bug \n");
         }
         return 1;
     }
     switch (map[m].npc[i]->bl.subtype)
     {
-        case WARP:
-            skill_stop_dancing (&sd->bl, 0);
-            pc_setpos (sd, map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.name,
-                       map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.x, map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.y, 0);
+        case NpcSubtype::WARP:
+            skill_stop_dancing(&sd->bl, 0);
+            pc_setpos(sd, map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.name,
+                       map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.x, map[m].npc[i]->u.warp.y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
             break;
-        case MESSAGE:
-        case SCRIPT:
+        case NpcSubtype::MESSAGE:
+        case NpcSubtype::SCRIPT:
         {
-            char *name = (char *)malloc (50);
+            char *name = (char *)malloc(50);
 
-            memcpy (name, map[m].npc[i]->name, 50);
+            memcpy(name, map[m].npc[i]->name, 50);
             if (sd->areanpc_id == map[m].npc[i]->bl.id)
-                return 1;
+                return 1; // TODO fix leak of 'name'
             sd->areanpc_id = map[m].npc[i]->bl.id;
-            if (npc_event (sd, strcat (name, "::OnTouch"), 0) > 0)
-                npc_click (sd, map[m].npc[i]->bl.id);
-            free (name);
+            if (npc_event(sd, strcat(name, "::OnTouch"), 0) > 0)
+                npc_click(sd, map[m].npc[i]->bl.id);
+            free(name);
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -862,17 +591,18 @@ int npc_touch_areanpc (struct map_session_data *sd, int m, int x, int y)
  * 近������判定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_checknear (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
+static
+int npc_checknear(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (id);
-    if (nd == NULL || nd->bl.type != BL_NPC)
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(id);
+    if (nd == NULL || nd->bl.type != BL::NPC)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("no such npc : %d\n", id);
+            PRINTF("no such npc : %d\n", id);
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -894,25 +624,25 @@ int npc_checknear (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
  * クリック時�NPC処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_click (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
+int npc_click(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (sd->npc_id != 0)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("npc_click: npc_id != 0\n");
+            PRINTF("npc_click: npc_id != 0\n");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (npc_checknear (sd, id)) {
-        clif_scriptclose (sd, id);
+    if (npc_checknear(sd, id)) {
+        clif_scriptclose(sd, id);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (id);
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(id);
 
     if (nd->flag & 1)           // 無効化�れ��る
         return 1;
@@ -920,18 +650,18 @@ int npc_click (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
     sd->npc_id = id;
     switch (nd->bl.subtype)
     {
-        case SHOP:
-            clif_npcbuysell (sd, id);
-            npc_event_dequeue (sd);
+        case NpcSubtype::SHOP:
+            clif_npcbuysell(sd, id);
+            npc_event_dequeue(sd);
             break;
-        case SCRIPT:
-            sd->npc_pos = run_script (nd->u.scr.script, 0, sd->bl.id, id);
+        case NpcSubtype::SCRIPT:
+            sd->npc_pos = run_script(nd->u.scr.script, 0, sd->bl.id, id);
             break;
-        case MESSAGE:
+        case NpcSubtype::MESSAGE:
             if (nd->u.message)
             {
-                clif_scriptmes (sd, id, nd->u.message);
-                clif_scriptclose (sd, id);
+                clif_scriptmes(sd, id, nd->u.message);
+                clif_scriptclose(sd, id);
             }
             break;
     }
@@ -943,29 +673,29 @@ int npc_click (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_scriptcont (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
+int npc_scriptcont(struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (id != sd->npc_id)
         return 1;
-    if (npc_checknear (sd, id)) {
-        clif_scriptclose (sd, id);
+    if (npc_checknear(sd, id)) {
+        clif_scriptclose(sd, id);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (id);
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(id);
 
-    if (!nd /* NPC was disposed? */  || nd->bl.subtype == MESSAGE)
+    if (!nd /* NPC was disposed? */  || nd->bl.subtype == NpcSubtype::MESSAGE)
     {
-        clif_scriptclose (sd, id);
-        npc_event_dequeue (sd);
+        clif_scriptclose(sd, id);
+        npc_event_dequeue(sd);
         return 0;
     }
 
-    sd->npc_pos = run_script (nd->u.scr.script, sd->npc_pos, sd->bl.id, id);
+    sd->npc_pos = run_script(nd->u.scr.script, sd->npc_pos, sd->bl.id, id);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -974,20 +704,20 @@ int npc_scriptcont (struct map_session_data *sd, int id)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_buysellsel (struct map_session_data *sd, int id, int type)
+int npc_buysellsel(struct map_session_data *sd, int id, int type)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
-    if (npc_checknear (sd, id))
+    if (npc_checknear(sd, id))
         return 1;
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (id);
-    if (nd->bl.subtype != SHOP)
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(id);
+    if (nd->bl.subtype != NpcSubtype::SHOP)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("no such shop npc : %d\n", id);
+            PRINTF("no such shop npc : %d\n", id);
         sd->npc_id = 0;
         return 1;
     }
@@ -997,11 +727,11 @@ int npc_buysellsel (struct map_session_data *sd, int id, int type)
     sd->npc_shopid = id;
     if (type == 0)
     {
-        clif_buylist (sd, nd);
+        clif_buylist(sd, nd);
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_selllist (sd);
+        clif_selllist(sd);
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1010,21 +740,22 @@ int npc_buysellsel (struct map_session_data *sd, int id, int type)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_buylist (struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
-                 unsigned short *item_list)
+// TODO enumify return type
+int npc_buylist(struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
+        const uint16_t *item_list)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
     double z;
-    int  i, j, w, skill, itemamount = 0, new_stacks = 0;
+    int i, j, w, itemamount = 0, new_stacks = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (3, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (3, item_list);
+    nullpo_retr(3, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(3, item_list);
 
-    if (npc_checknear (sd, sd->npc_shopid))
+    if (npc_checknear(sd, sd->npc_shopid))
         return 3;
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (sd->npc_shopid);
-    if (nd->bl.subtype != SHOP)
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(sd->npc_shopid);
+    if (nd->bl.subtype != NpcSubtype::SHOP)
         return 3;
 
     for (i = 0, w = 0, z = 0; i < n; i++)
@@ -1037,88 +768,67 @@ int npc_buylist (struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
         if (nd->u.shop_item[j].nameid == 0)
             return 3;
 
-        if (itemdb_value_notdc (nd->u.shop_item[j].nameid))
-            z += (double) nd->u.shop_item[j].value * item_list[i * 2];
-        else
-            z += (double) pc_modifybuyvalue (sd,
-                                             nd->u.shop_item[j].value) *
-                item_list[i * 2];
+        z += (double) nd->u.shop_item[j].value * item_list[i * 2];
         itemamount += item_list[i * 2];
 
-        switch (pc_checkadditem (sd, item_list[i * 2 + 1], item_list[i * 2]))
+        switch (pc_checkadditem(sd, item_list[i * 2 + 1], item_list[i * 2]))
         {
-            case ADDITEM_EXIST:
+            case ADDITEM::EXIST:
                 break;
-            case ADDITEM_NEW:
-                if (itemdb_isequip (item_list[i * 2 + 1]))
+            case ADDITEM::NEW:
+                if (itemdb_isequip(item_list[i * 2 + 1]))
                     new_stacks += item_list[i * 2];
                 else
                     new_stacks++;
                 break;
-            case ADDITEM_OVERAMOUNT:
+            case ADDITEM::OVERAMOUNT:
                 return 2;
         }
 
-        w += itemdb_weight (item_list[i * 2 + 1]) * item_list[i * 2];
+        w += itemdb_weight(item_list[i * 2 + 1]) * item_list[i * 2];
     }
 
     if (z > (double) sd->status.zeny)
         return 1;               // zeny�足
     if (w + sd->weight > sd->max_weight)
         return 2;               // ��超�
-    if (pc_inventoryblank (sd) < new_stacks)
+    if (pc_inventoryblank(sd) < new_stacks)
         return 3;               // 種類数超�
     if (sd->trade_partner != 0)
         return 4;               // cant buy while trading
 
-    pc_payzeny (sd, (int) z);
+    pc_payzeny(sd, (int) z);
 
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
         struct item_data *item_data;
-        if ((item_data = itemdb_exists (item_list[i * 2 + 1])) != NULL)
+        if ((item_data = itemdb_exists(item_list[i * 2 + 1])) != NULL)
         {
-            int  amount = item_list[i * 2];
+            int amount = item_list[i * 2];
             struct item item_tmp;
-            memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
+            memset(&item_tmp, 0, sizeof(item_tmp));
 
             item_tmp.nameid = item_data->nameid;
             item_tmp.identify = 1;  // npc販売アイテム�鑑定済�
 
             if (amount > 1
-                && (item_data->type == 4 || item_data->type == 5
-                    || item_data->type == 7 || item_data->type == 8))
+                && (item_data->type == ItemType::WEAPON
+                    || item_data->type == ItemType::ARMOR
+                    || item_data->type == ItemType::_7
+                    || item_data->type == ItemType::_8))
             {
                 for (j = 0; j < amount; j++)
                 {
-                    pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1);
+                    pc_additem(sd, &item_tmp, 1);
                 }
             }
             else
             {
-                pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, amount);
+                pc_additem(sd, &item_tmp, amount);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    //商人経験値
-/*	if ((sd->status.class == 5) || (sd->status.class == 10) || (sd->status.class == 18)) {
-		z = z * pc_checkskill(sd,MC_DISCOUNT) / ((1 + 300 / itemamount) * 4000) * battle_config.shop_exp;
-		pc_gainexp(sd,0,z);
-	}*/
-    if (battle_config.shop_exp > 0 && z > 0
-        && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MC_DISCOUNT)) > 0)
-    {
-        if (skill > 0)
-        {
-            z = (log (z * (double) skill) * (double) battle_config.shop_exp /
-                 100.);
-            if (z < 1)
-                z = 1;
-            pc_gainexp (sd, 0, (int) z);
-        }
-    }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1126,20 +836,20 @@ int npc_buylist (struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_selllist (struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
-                  unsigned short *item_list)
+int npc_selllist(struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
+        const uint16_t *item_list)
 {
     double z;
-    int  i, skill, itemamount = 0;
+    int i, itemamount = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (1, item_list);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, item_list);
 
-    if (npc_checknear (sd, sd->npc_shopid))
+    if (npc_checknear(sd, sd->npc_shopid))
         return 1;
     for (i = 0, z = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-        int  nameid;
+        int nameid;
         if (item_list[i * 2] - 2 < 0 || item_list[i * 2] - 2 >= MAX_INVENTORY)
             return 1;
         nameid = sd->status.inventory[item_list[i * 2] - 2].nameid;
@@ -1149,40 +859,17 @@ int npc_selllist (struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
             return 1;
         if (sd->trade_partner != 0)
             return 2;           // cant sell while trading
-        if (itemdb_value_notoc (nameid))
-            z += (double) itemdb_value_sell (nameid) * item_list[i * 2 + 1];
-        else
-            z += (double) pc_modifysellvalue (sd,
-                                              itemdb_value_sell (nameid)) *
-                item_list[i * 2 + 1];
+        z += (double) itemdb_value_sell(nameid) * item_list[i * 2 + 1];
         itemamount += item_list[i * 2 + 1];
     }
 
     if (z > MAX_ZENY)
         z = MAX_ZENY;
-    pc_getzeny (sd, (int) z);
+    pc_getzeny(sd, (int) z);
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
     {
-        int  item_id = item_list[i * 2] - 2;
-        pc_delitem (sd, item_id, item_list[i * 2 + 1], 0);
-    }
-
-    //商人経験値
-/*	if ((sd->status.class == 5) || (sd->status.class == 10) || (sd->status.class == 18)) {
-		z = z * pc_checkskill(sd,MC_OVERCHARGE) / ((1 + 500 / itemamount) * 4000) * battle_config.shop_exp ;
-		pc_gainexp(sd,0,z);
-	}*/
-    if (battle_config.shop_exp > 0 && z > 0
-        && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MC_OVERCHARGE)) > 0)
-    {
-        if (skill > 0)
-        {
-            z = (log (z * (double) skill) * (double) battle_config.shop_exp /
-                 100.);
-            if (z < 1)
-                z = 1;
-            pc_gainexp (sd, 0, (int) z);
-        }
+        int item_id = item_list[i * 2] - 2;
+        pc_delitem(sd, item_id, item_list[i * 2 + 1], 0);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -1198,7 +885,7 @@ int npc_selllist (struct map_session_data *sd, int n,
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void npc_clearsrcfile (void)
+void npc_clearsrcfile(void)
 {
     struct npc_src_list *p = npc_src_first;
 
@@ -1206,7 +893,7 @@ void npc_clearsrcfile (void)
     {
         struct npc_src_list *p2 = p;
         p = p->next;
-        free (p2);
+        free(p2);
     }
     npc_src_first = NULL;
     npc_src_last = NULL;
@@ -1216,21 +903,21 @@ void npc_clearsrcfile (void)
  * 読�込むnpcファイル�追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void npc_addsrcfile (char *name)
+void npc_addsrcfile(const char *name)
 {
     struct npc_src_list *new_src;
     size_t len;
 
-    if (strcasecmp (name, "clear") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(name, "clear") == 0)
     {
-        npc_clearsrcfile ();
+        npc_clearsrcfile();
         return;
     }
 
-    len = sizeof (*new_src) + strlen (name);
-    new_src = (struct npc_src_list *) calloc (1, len);
+    len = sizeof(*new_src) + strlen(name);
+    new_src = (struct npc_src_list *) calloc(1, len);
     new_src->next = NULL;
-    strncpy (new_src->name, name, strlen (name) + 1);
+    strncpy(new_src->name, name, strlen(name) + 1);
     if (npc_src_first == NULL)
         npc_src_first = new_src;
     if (npc_src_last)
@@ -1243,24 +930,24 @@ void npc_addsrcfile (char *name)
  * 読�込むnpcファイル�削除
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void npc_delsrcfile (char *name)
+void npc_delsrcfile(const char *name)
 {
     struct npc_src_list *p = npc_src_first, *pp = NULL, **lp = &npc_src_first;
 
-    if (strcasecmp (name, "all") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(name, "all") == 0)
     {
-        npc_clearsrcfile ();
+        npc_clearsrcfile();
         return;
     }
 
     for (; p; lp = &p->next, pp = p, p = p->next)
     {
-        if (strcmp (p->name, name) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(p->name, name) == 0)
         {
             *lp = p->next;
             if (npc_src_last == p)
                 npc_src_last = pp;
-            free (p);
+            free(p);
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -1270,48 +957,48 @@ void npc_delsrcfile (char *name)
  * warp行解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_parse_warp (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w4)
+int npc_parse_warp(const char *w1, const char *, const char *w3, const char *w4)
 {
-    int  x, y, xs, ys, to_x, to_y, m;
-    int  i, j;
+    int x, y, xs, ys, to_x, to_y, m;
+    int i, j;
     char mapname[24], to_mapname[24];
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
     // 引数�個数�ェック
-    if (sscanf (w1, "%[^,],%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y) != 3 ||
-        sscanf (w4, "%d,%d,%[^,],%d,%d", &xs, &ys, to_mapname, &to_x,
+    if (sscanf(w1, "%[^,],%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y) != 3 ||
+        sscanf(w4, "%d,%d,%[^,],%d,%d", &xs, &ys, to_mapname, &to_x,
                 &to_y) != 5)
     {
-        printf ("bad warp line : %s\n", w3);
+        PRINTF("bad warp line : %s\n", w3);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct npc_data));
-    nd->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id ();
-    nd->n = map_addnpc (m, nd);
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct npc_data));
+    nd->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id();
+    nd->n = map_addnpc(m, nd);
 
     nd->bl.prev = nd->bl.next = NULL;
     nd->bl.m = m;
     nd->bl.x = x;
     nd->bl.y = y;
-    nd->dir = 0;
+    nd->dir = DIR::S;
     nd->flag = 0;
-    memcpy (nd->name, w3, 24);
-    memcpy (nd->exname, w3, 24);
+    memcpy(nd->name, w3, 24);
+    memcpy(nd->exname, w3, 24);
 
     nd->chat_id = 0;
     if (!battle_config.warp_point_debug)
         nd->npc_class = WARP_CLASS;
     else
         nd->npc_class = WARP_DEBUG_CLASS;
-    nd->speed = 200;
-    nd->option = 0;
-    nd->opt1 = 0;
-    nd->opt2 = 0;
-    nd->opt3 = 0;
-    memcpy (nd->u.warp.name, to_mapname, 16);
+    nd->speed = std::chrono::milliseconds(200);
+    nd->option = Option::ZERO;
+    nd->opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
+    nd->opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
+    nd->opt3 = Opt3::ZERO;
+    memcpy(nd->u.warp.name, to_mapname, 16);
     xs += 2;
     ys += 2;
     nd->u.warp.x = to_x;
@@ -1323,21 +1010,24 @@ int npc_parse_warp (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *
     {
         for (j = 0; j < xs; j++)
         {
-            int  t;
-            t = map_getcell (m, x - xs / 2 + j, y - ys / 2 + i);
-            if (t == 1 || t == 5)
+            int x_lo = x - xs / 2;
+            int y_lo = y - ys / 2;
+            int xc = x_lo + j;
+            int yc = y_lo + i;
+            MapCell t = map_getcell(m, xc, yc);
+            if (bool(t & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
                 continue;
-            map_setcell (m, x - xs / 2 + j, y - ys / 2 + i, t | 0x80);
+            map_setcell(m, xc, yc, t | MapCell::NPC_NEAR);
         }
     }
 
-//  printf("warp npc %s %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id);
+//  PRINTF("warp npc %s %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id);
     npc_warp++;
-    nd->bl.type = BL_NPC;
-    nd->bl.subtype = WARP;
-    map_addblock (&nd->bl);
-    clif_spawnnpc (nd);
-    strdb_insert (npcname_db, nd->name, nd);
+    nd->bl.type = BL::NPC;
+    nd->bl.subtype = NpcSubtype::WARP;
+    map_addblock(&nd->bl);
+    clif_spawnnpc(nd);
+    npcname_db.put(nd->name, nd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1346,40 +1036,46 @@ int npc_parse_warp (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *
  * shop行解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int npc_parse_shop (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4)
+static
+int npc_parse_shop(char *w1, char *, char *w3, char *w4)
 {
     char *p;
-    int  x, y, dir, m;
-    int  max = 100, pos = 0;
+    int x, y;
+    DIR dir;
+    int m;
+    int max = 100, pos = 0;
     char mapname[24];
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
     // 引数�個数�ェック
-    if (sscanf (w1, "%[^,],%d,%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y, &dir) != 4 ||
-        strchr (w4, ',') == NULL)
+    int dir_; // TODO use SSCANF or extract
+    if (sscanf(w1, "%[^,],%d,%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y, &dir_) != 4
+        || dir_ < 0 || dir_ >= 8
+        || strchr(w4, ',') == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("bad shop line : %s\n", w3);
+        PRINTF("bad shop line : %s\n", w3);
         return 1;
     }
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+    dir = static_cast<DIR>(dir_);
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct npc_data) +
-                                      sizeof (nd->u.shop_item[0]) * (max +
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct npc_data) +
+                                      sizeof(nd->u.shop_item[0]) * (max +
                                                                      1));
-    p = strchr (w4, ',');
+    p = strchr(w4, ',');
 
     while (p && pos < max)
     {
-        int  nameid, value;
+        int nameid, value;
         char name[24];
         struct item_data *id = NULL;
         p++;
-        if (sscanf (p, "%d:%d", &nameid, &value) == 2)
+        if (sscanf(p, "%d:%d", &nameid, &value) == 2)
         {
         }
-        else if (sscanf (p, "%s :%d", name, &value) == 2)
+        else if (sscanf(p, "%s :%d", name, &value) == 2)
         {
-            id = itemdb_searchname (name);
+            id = itemdb_searchname(name);
             if (id == NULL)
                 nameid = -1;
             else
@@ -1394,18 +1090,18 @@ static int npc_parse_shop (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4)
             if (value < 0)
             {
                 if (id == NULL)
-                    id = itemdb_search (nameid);
-                value = id->value_buy * abs (value);
+                    id = itemdb_search(nameid);
+                value = id->value_buy * abs(value);
 
             }
             nd->u.shop_item[pos].value = value;
             pos++;
         }
-        p = strchr (p, ',');
+        p = strchr(p, ',');
     }
     if (pos == 0)
     {
-        free (nd);
+        free(nd);
         return 1;
     }
     nd->u.shop_item[pos++].nameid = 0;
@@ -1414,29 +1110,29 @@ static int npc_parse_shop (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4)
     nd->bl.m = m;
     nd->bl.x = x;
     nd->bl.y = y;
-    nd->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id ();
+    nd->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id();
     nd->dir = dir;
     nd->flag = 0;
-    memcpy (nd->name, w3, 24);
-    nd->npc_class = atoi (w4);
-    nd->speed = 200;
+    memcpy(nd->name, w3, 24);
+    nd->npc_class = atoi(w4);
+    nd->speed = std::chrono::milliseconds(200);
     nd->chat_id = 0;
-    nd->option = 0;
-    nd->opt1 = 0;
-    nd->opt2 = 0;
-    nd->opt3 = 0;
+    nd->option = Option::ZERO;
+    nd->opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
+    nd->opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
+    nd->opt3 = Opt3::ZERO;
 
     nd = (struct npc_data *)
-        realloc (nd, sizeof (struct npc_data) + sizeof (nd->u.shop_item[0]) * pos);
+        realloc(nd, sizeof(struct npc_data) + sizeof(nd->u.shop_item[0]) * pos);
 
-    //printf("shop npc %s %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id);
+    //PRINTF("shop npc %s %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id);
     npc_shop++;
-    nd->bl.type = BL_NPC;
-    nd->bl.subtype = SHOP;
-    nd->n = map_addnpc (m, nd);
-    map_addblock (&nd->bl);
-    clif_spawnnpc (nd);
-    strdb_insert (npcname_db, nd->name, nd);
+    nd->bl.type = BL::NPC;
+    nd->bl.subtype = NpcSubtype::SHOP;
+    nd->n = map_addnpc(m, nd);
+    map_addblock(&nd->bl);
+    clif_spawnnpc(nd);
+    npcname_db.put(nd->name, nd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1446,36 +1142,26 @@ static int npc_parse_shop (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void npc_convertlabel_db (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void npc_convertlabel_db(const std::string& lname, int pos, struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    const char *lname = key.s;
-    int  pos = (int) data;
-    struct npc_data *nd;
     struct npc_label_list *lst;
-    int  num;
-    // this exists for evil purposes
-    char *p = const_cast<char *>(strchr (lname, ':'));
+    int num;
 
-    nullpo_retv (ap);
-    nullpo_retv (nd = va_arg (ap, struct npc_data *));
+    nullpo_retv(nd);
 
     lst = nd->u.scr.label_list;
     num = nd->u.scr.label_list_num;
     if (!lst)
     {
         lst = (struct npc_label_list *)
-                calloc (1, sizeof (struct npc_label_list));
+                calloc(1, sizeof(struct npc_label_list));
         num = 0;
     }
     else
         lst = (struct npc_label_list *)
-                realloc (lst, sizeof (struct npc_label_list) * (num + 1));
+                realloc(lst, sizeof(struct npc_label_list) * (num + 1));
 
-    *p = '\0';
-    // temporarily NUL-terminate lname
-    strncpy (lst[num].name, lname, sizeof(lst[num].name)-1);
-    lst[num].name[sizeof(lst[num].name)-1] = '\0';
-    *p = ':';
+    strzcpy(lst[num].name, lname.c_str(), sizeof(lst[num].name));
     lst[num].pos = pos;
     nd->u.scr.label_list = lst;
     nd->u.scr.label_list_num = num + 1;
@@ -1486,25 +1172,26 @@ void npc_convertlabel_db (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
+int npc_parse_script(char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
                       const char *first_line, FILE * fp, int *lines)
 {
-    int  x, y, dir = 0, m, xs = 0, ys = 0, npc_class = 0;   // [Valaris] thanks to fov
+    int x, y;
+    DIR dir = DIR::S;
+    int m, xs = 0, ys = 0, npc_class = 0;   // [Valaris] thanks to fov
     char mapname[24];
     char *srcbuf = NULL;
     const ScriptCode *script = NULL;
-    int  srcsize = 65536;
-    int  startline = 0;
+    int srcsize = 65536;
+    int startline = 0;
     char line[1024];
     struct npc_data *nd;
-    int  evflag = 0;
-    struct dbt *label_db;
+    int evflag = 0;
     char *p;
     struct npc_label_list *label_dup = NULL;
-    int  label_dupnum = 0;
-    int  src_id = 0;
+    int label_dupnum = 0;
+    int src_id = 0;
 
-    if (strcmp (w1, "-") == 0)
+    if (strcmp(w1, "-") == 0)
     {
         x = 0;
         y = 0;
@@ -1513,22 +1200,25 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
     else
     {
         // 引数�個数�ェック
-        if (sscanf (w1, "%[^,],%d,%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y, &dir) != 4 ||
-            (strcmp (w2, "script") == 0 && strchr (w4, ',') == NULL))
+        int dir_; // TODO use SSCANF or extract
+        if (sscanf(w1, "%[^,],%d,%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y, &dir_) != 4
+            || dir_ < 0 || dir_ >= 8
+            || (strcmp(w2, "script") == 0 && strchr(w4, ',') == NULL))
         {
-            printf ("bad script line : %s\n", w3);
+            PRINTF("bad script line : %s\n", w3);
             return 1;
         }
-        m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+        dir = static_cast<DIR>(dir_);
+        m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
     }
 
-    if (strcmp (w2, "script") == 0)
+    if (strcmp(w2, "script") == 0)
     {
         // スクリプト�解�
-        srcbuf = (char *) calloc (srcsize, sizeof (char));
-        if (strchr (first_line, '{'))
+        srcbuf = (char *) calloc(srcsize, sizeof(char));
+        if (strchr(first_line, '{'))
         {
-            strcpy (srcbuf, strchr (first_line, '{'));
+            strcpy(srcbuf, strchr(first_line, '{'));
             startline = *lines;
         }
         else
@@ -1536,36 +1226,36 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
         while (1)
         {
             int i;
-            for (i = strlen (srcbuf) - 1; i >= 0 && isspace (srcbuf[i]); i--);
+            for (i = strlen(srcbuf) - 1; i >= 0 && isspace(srcbuf[i]); i--);
             if (i >= 0 && srcbuf[i] == '}')
                 break;
-            if (!fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+            if (!fgets(line, 1020, fp))
                 break;
             (*lines)++;
-            if (feof (fp))
+            if (feof(fp))
                 break;
-            if (strlen (srcbuf) + strlen (line) + 1 >= srcsize)
+            if (strlen(srcbuf) + strlen(line) + 1 >= srcsize)
             {
                 srcsize += 65536;
-                srcbuf = (char *) realloc (srcbuf, srcsize);
-                memset (srcbuf + srcsize - 65536, '\0', 65536);
+                srcbuf = (char *) realloc(srcbuf, srcsize);
+                memset(srcbuf + srcsize - 65536, '\0', 65536);
             }
             if (srcbuf[0] != '{')
             {
-                if (strchr (line, '{'))
+                if (strchr(line, '{'))
                 {
-                    strcpy (srcbuf, strchr (line, '{'));
+                    strcpy(srcbuf, strchr(line, '{'));
                     startline = *lines;
                 }
             }
             else
-                strcat (srcbuf, line);
+                strcat(srcbuf, line);
         }
-        script = parse_script (srcbuf, startline);
+        script = parse_script(srcbuf, startline);
         if (script == NULL)
         {
             // script parse error?
-            free (srcbuf);
+            free(srcbuf);
             return 1;
         }
 
@@ -1576,14 +1266,14 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
 
         char srcname[128];
         struct npc_data *nd2;
-        if (sscanf (w2, "duplicate(%[^)])", srcname) != 1)
+        if (sscanf(w2, "duplicate (%[^)])", srcname) != 1)
         {
-            printf ("bad duplicate name! : %s", w2);
+            PRINTF("bad duplicate name! : %s", w2);
             return 0;
         }
-        if ((nd2 = npc_name2id (srcname)) == NULL)
+        if ((nd2 = npc_name2id(srcname)) == NULL)
         {
-            printf ("bad duplicate name! (not exist) : %s\n", srcname);
+            PRINTF("bad duplicate name! (not exist) : %s\n", srcname);
             return 0;
         }
         script = nd2->u.scr.script;
@@ -1593,17 +1283,17 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
 
     }                           // end of スクリプト解�
 
-    nd = (struct npc_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct npc_data));
+    nd = (struct npc_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct npc_data));
 
     if (m == -1)
     {
         // スクリプトコピー用�ダミーNPC
 
     }
-    else if (sscanf (w4, "%d,%d,%d", &npc_class, &xs, &ys) == 3)
+    else if (sscanf(w4, "%d,%d,%d", &npc_class, &xs, &ys) == 3)
     {
         // 接触型NPC
-        int  i, j;
+        int i, j;
 
         if (xs >= 0)
             xs = xs * 2 + 1;
@@ -1617,11 +1307,14 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
             {
                 for (j = 0; j < xs; j++)
                 {
-                    int  t;
-                    t = map_getcell (m, x - xs / 2 + j, y - ys / 2 + i);
-                    if (t == 1 || t == 5)
+                    int x_lo = x - xs / 2;
+                    int y_lo = y - ys / 2;
+                    int xc = x_lo + j;
+                    int yc = y_lo + i;
+                    MapCell t = map_getcell(m, xc, yc);
+                    if (bool(t & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
                         continue;
-                    map_setcell (m, x - xs / 2 + j, y - ys / 2 + i, t | 0x80);
+                    map_setcell(m, xc, yc, t | MapCell::NPC_NEAR);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1631,7 +1324,7 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
     }
     else
     {                           // クリック型NPC
-        npc_class = atoi (w4);
+        npc_class = atoi(w4);
         nd->u.scr.xs = 0;
         nd->u.scr.ys = 0;
     }
@@ -1641,7 +1334,7 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
         evflag = 1;
     }
 
-    while ((p = strchr (w3, ':')))
+    while ((p = strchr(w3, ':')))
     {
         if (p[1] == ':')
             break;
@@ -1649,53 +1342,52 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
     if (p)
     {
         *p = 0;
-        memcpy (nd->name, w3, 24);
-        memcpy (nd->exname, p + 2, 24);
+        memcpy(nd->name, w3, 24);
+        memcpy(nd->exname, p + 2, 24);
     }
     else
     {
-        memcpy (nd->name, w3, 24);
-        memcpy (nd->exname, w3, 24);
+        memcpy(nd->name, w3, 24);
+        memcpy(nd->exname, w3, 24);
     }
 
     nd->bl.prev = nd->bl.next = NULL;
     nd->bl.m = m;
     nd->bl.x = x;
     nd->bl.y = y;
-    nd->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id ();
+    nd->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id();
     nd->dir = dir;
     nd->flag = 0;
     nd->npc_class = npc_class;
-    nd->speed = 200;
+    nd->speed = std::chrono::milliseconds(200);
     nd->u.scr.script = script;
     nd->u.scr.src_id = src_id;
     nd->chat_id = 0;
-    nd->option = 0;
-    nd->opt1 = 0;
-    nd->opt2 = 0;
-    nd->opt3 = 0;
+    nd->option = Option::ZERO;
+    nd->opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
+    nd->opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
+    nd->opt3 = Opt3::ZERO;
 
-    //printf("script npc %s %d %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id,nd->class);
+    //PRINTF("script npc %s %d %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id,nd->class);
     npc_script++;
-    nd->bl.type = BL_NPC;
-    nd->bl.subtype = SCRIPT;
+    nd->bl.type = BL::NPC;
+    nd->bl.subtype = NpcSubtype::SCRIPT;
     if (m >= 0)
     {
-        nd->n = map_addnpc (m, nd);
-        map_addblock (&nd->bl);
+        nd->n = map_addnpc(m, nd);
+        map_addblock(&nd->bl);
 
         if (evflag)
         {                       // イベント型
-            struct event_data *ev =
-                (struct event_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct event_data));
-            ev->nd = nd;
-            ev->pos = 0;
-            strdb_insert (ev_db, nd->exname, ev);
+            struct event_data ev {};
+            ev.nd = nd;
+            ev.pos = 0;
+            ev_db.insert(nd->exname, ev);
         }
         else
-            clif_spawnnpc (nd);
+            clif_spawnnpc(nd);
     }
-    strdb_insert (npcname_db, nd->exname, nd);
+    npcname_db.put(nd->exname, nd);
 
     //-----------------------------------------
     // ラベルデータ�準備
@@ -1704,11 +1396,11 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
         // script本体��る場��処�
 
         // ラベルデータ�コン�ート
-        label_db = script_get_label_db ();
-        strdb_foreach (label_db, npc_convertlabel_db, nd);
+        for (auto& pair : scriptlabel_db)
+            npc_convertlabel_db(pair.first, pair.second, nd);
 
         // も�使������ッファ解放
-        free (srcbuf);
+        free(srcbuf);
 
     }
     else
@@ -1727,29 +1419,21 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
     for (int i = 0; i < nd->u.scr.label_list_num; i++)
     {
         char *lname = nd->u.scr.label_list[i].name;
-        int  pos = nd->u.scr.label_list[i].pos;
+        int pos = nd->u.scr.label_list[i].pos;
 
         if ((lname[0] == 'O' || lname[0] == 'o')
             && (lname[1] == 'N' || lname[1] == 'n'))
         {
-            struct event_data *ev;
-            char *buf;
-            // エクス�ート�れる
-            ev = (struct event_data *) calloc (1,
-                                                sizeof (struct event_data));
-            buf = (char *) calloc (50, sizeof (char));
-            if (strlen (lname) > 24)
+            if (strlen(lname) > 24)
             {
-                printf ("npc_parse_script: label name error !\n");
-                exit (1);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                ev->nd = nd;
-                ev->pos = pos;
-                sprintf (buf, "%s::%s", nd->exname, lname);
-                strdb_insert (ev_db, buf, ev);
+                PRINTF("npc_parse_script: label name error !\n");
+                exit(1);
             }
+            struct event_data ev {};
+            ev.nd = nd;
+            ev.pos = pos;
+            std::string buf = STRPRINTF("%s::%s", nd->exname, lname);
+            ev_db.insert(buf, ev);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1757,29 +1441,30 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
     // ラベルデータ�らタイマーイベント�り込�
     for (int i = 0; i < nd->u.scr.label_list_num; i++)
     {
-        int  t = 0, n = 0;
+        int t_ = 0, n = 0;
         char *lname = nd->u.scr.label_list[i].name;
-        int  pos = nd->u.scr.label_list[i].pos;
-        if (sscanf (lname, "OnTimer%d%n", &t, &n) == 1 && lname[n] == '\0')
+        int pos = nd->u.scr.label_list[i].pos;
+        if (sscanf(lname, "OnTimer%d%n", &t_, &n) == 1 && lname[n] == '\0')
         {
+            interval_t t = static_cast<interval_t>(t_);
             // タイマーイベント
             struct npc_timerevent_list *te = nd->u.scr.timer_event;
-            int  j, k = nd->u.scr.timeramount;
+            int j, k = nd->u.scr.timeramount;
             if (te == NULL)
-                te = (struct npc_timerevent_list *) calloc (1,
-                                                             sizeof (struct
+                te = (struct npc_timerevent_list *) calloc(1,
+                                                             sizeof(struct
                                                                      npc_timerevent_list));
             else
-                te = (struct npc_timerevent_list *) realloc (te,
-                                                              sizeof (struct
+                te = (struct npc_timerevent_list *) realloc(te,
+                                                              sizeof(struct
                                                                       npc_timerevent_list)
                                                               * (k + 1));
             for (j = 0; j < k; j++)
             {
                 if (te[j].timer > t)
                 {
-                    memmove (te + j + 1, te + j,
-                             sizeof (struct npc_timerevent_list) * (k - j));
+                    memmove(te + j + 1, te + j,
+                             sizeof(struct npc_timerevent_list) * (k - j));
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -1790,7 +1475,7 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
         }
     }
     nd->u.scr.nexttimer = -1;
-    nd->u.scr.timerid = -1;
+    // nd->u.scr.timerid = nullptr;
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1799,73 +1484,66 @@ int npc_parse_script (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
  * function行解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int npc_parse_function (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
+static
+int npc_parse_function(char *, char *, char *w3, char *,
                                char *first_line, FILE * fp, int *lines)
 {
     char *srcbuf = NULL;
     const ScriptCode *script;
-    int  srcsize = 65536;
-    int  startline = 0;
+    int srcsize = 65536;
+    int startline = 0;
     char line[1024];
-    int  i;
-//  struct dbt *label_db;
-    char *p;
+    int i;
 
     // スクリプト�解�
-    srcbuf = (char *) calloc (srcsize, sizeof (char));
-    if (strchr (first_line, '{'))
+    srcbuf = (char *) calloc(srcsize, sizeof(char));
+    if (strchr(first_line, '{'))
     {
-        strcpy (srcbuf, strchr (first_line, '{'));
+        strcpy(srcbuf, strchr(first_line, '{'));
         startline = *lines;
     }
     else
         srcbuf[0] = 0;
     while (1)
     {
-        for (i = strlen (srcbuf) - 1; i >= 0 && isspace (srcbuf[i]); i--);
+        for (i = strlen(srcbuf) - 1; i >= 0 && isspace(srcbuf[i]); i--);
         if (i >= 0 && srcbuf[i] == '}')
             break;
-        if (!fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+        if (!fgets(line, 1020, fp))
             break;
         (*lines)++;
-        if (feof (fp))
+        if (feof(fp))
             break;
-        if (strlen (srcbuf) + strlen (line) + 1 >= srcsize)
+        if (strlen(srcbuf) + strlen(line) + 1 >= srcsize)
         {
             srcsize += 65536;
-            srcbuf = (char *) realloc (srcbuf, srcsize);
-            memset (srcbuf + srcsize - 65536, '\0', 65536);
+            srcbuf = (char *) realloc(srcbuf, srcsize);
+            memset(srcbuf + srcsize - 65536, '\0', 65536);
         }
         if (srcbuf[0] != '{')
         {
-            if (strchr (line, '{'))
+            if (strchr(line, '{'))
             {
-                strcpy (srcbuf, strchr (line, '{'));
+                strcpy(srcbuf, strchr(line, '{'));
                 startline = *lines;
             }
         }
         else
-            strcat (srcbuf, line);
+            strcat(srcbuf, line);
     }
-    script = parse_script (srcbuf, startline);
+    script = parse_script(srcbuf, startline);
     if (script == NULL)
     {
         // script parse error?
-        free (srcbuf);
+        free(srcbuf);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    p = (char *) calloc (50, sizeof (char));
-
-    strncpy (p, w3, 49);
-    strdb_insert (script_get_userfunc_db (), p, script);
-
-//  label_db=script_get_label_db();
+    std::string p = w3;
+    userfunc_db.put(p, script);
 
     // も�使������ッファ解放
-    free (srcbuf);
-
-//  printf("function %s => %p\n",p,script);
+    free(srcbuf);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1874,26 +1552,29 @@ static int npc_parse_function (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4,
  * mob行解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int npc_parse_mob (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w4)
+static
+int npc_parse_mob(const char *w1, const char *, const char *w3, const char *w4)
 {
-    int  m, x, y, xs, ys, mob_class, num, delay1, delay2;
-    int  i;
+    int m, x, y, xs, ys, mob_class, num;
+    int i;
     char mapname[24];
     char eventname[24] = "";
     struct mob_data *md;
 
     xs = ys = 0;
-    delay1 = delay2 = 0;
+    int delay1_ = 0, delay2_ = 0;
     // 引数�個数�ェック
-    if (sscanf (w1, "%[^,],%d,%d,%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y, &xs, &ys) < 3 ||
-        sscanf (w4, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%s", &mob_class, &num, &delay1, &delay2,
+    if (sscanf(w1, "%[^,],%d,%d,%d,%d", mapname, &x, &y, &xs, &ys) < 3 ||
+        sscanf(w4, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%s", &mob_class, &num, &delay1_, &delay2_,
                 eventname) < 2)
     {
-        printf ("bad monster line : %s\n", w3);
+        PRINTF("bad monster line : %s\n", w3);
         return 1;
     }
+    interval_t delay1 = std::chrono::milliseconds(delay1_);
+    interval_t delay2 = std::chrono::milliseconds(delay2_);
 
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
 
     if (num > 1 && battle_config.mob_count_rate != 100)
     {
@@ -1903,23 +1584,23 @@ int npc_parse_mob (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w
 
     for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
     {
-        md = (struct mob_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct mob_data));
+        md = (struct mob_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct mob_data));
 
         md->bl.prev = NULL;
         md->bl.next = NULL;
         md->bl.m = m;
         md->bl.x = x;
         md->bl.y = y;
-        if (strcmp (w3, "--en--") == 0)
-            memcpy (md->name, mob_db[mob_class].name, 24);
-        else if (strcmp (w3, "--ja--") == 0)
-            memcpy (md->name, mob_db[mob_class].jname, 24);
+        if (strcmp(w3, "--en--") == 0)
+            memcpy(md->name, mob_db[mob_class].name, 24);
+        else if (strcmp(w3, "--ja--") == 0)
+            memcpy(md->name, mob_db[mob_class].jname, 24);
         else
-            memcpy (md->name, w3, 24);
+            memcpy(md->name, w3, 24);
 
         md->n = i;
-        md->base_class = md->mob_class = mob_class;
-        md->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id ();
+        md->mob_class = mob_class;
+        md->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id();
         md->m = m;
         md->x0 = x;
         md->y0 = y;
@@ -1928,31 +1609,31 @@ int npc_parse_mob (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w
         md->spawndelay1 = delay1;
         md->spawndelay2 = delay2;
 
-        memset (&md->state, 0, sizeof (md->state));
-        md->timer = -1;
+        memset(&md->state, 0, sizeof(md->state));
+        // md->timer = nullptr;
         md->target_id = 0;
         md->attacked_id = 0;
 
-        if (mob_db[mob_class].mode & 0x02)
+        if (bool(mob_db[mob_class].mode & MobMode::LOOTER))
             md->lootitem =
-                (struct item *) calloc (LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof (struct item));
+                (struct item *) calloc(LOOTITEM_SIZE, sizeof(struct item));
         else
             md->lootitem = NULL;
 
-        if (strlen (eventname) >= 4)
+        if (strlen(eventname) >= 4)
         {
-            memcpy (md->npc_event, eventname, 24);
+            memcpy(md->npc_event, eventname, 24);
         }
         else
-            memset (md->npc_event, 0, 24);
+            memset(md->npc_event, 0, 24);
 
-        md->bl.type = BL_MOB;
-        map_addiddb (&md->bl);
-        mob_spawn (md->bl.id);
+        md->bl.type = BL::MOB;
+        map_addiddb(&md->bl);
+        mob_spawn(md->bl.id);
 
         npc_mob++;
     }
-    //printf("warp npc %s %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id);
+    //PRINTF("warp npc %s %d read done\n",mapname,nd->bl.id);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -1961,175 +1642,125 @@ int npc_parse_mob (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w
  * マップフラグ行�解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int npc_parse_mapflag (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4)
+static
+int npc_parse_mapflag(char *w1, char *, char *w3, char *w4)
 {
-    int  m;
+    int m;
     char mapname[24], savemap[16];
-    int  savex, savey;
-    char drop_arg1[16], drop_arg2[16];
-    int  drop_id = 0, drop_type = 0, drop_per = 0;
+    int savex, savey;
 
     // 引数�個数�ェック
 //  if (    sscanf(w1,"%[^,],%d,%d,%d",mapname,&x,&y,&dir) != 4 )
-    if (sscanf (w1, "%[^,]", mapname) != 1)
+    if (sscanf(w1, "%[^,]", mapname) != 1)
         return 1;
 
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
     if (m < 0)
         return 1;
 
 //マップフラグ
-    if (strcasecmp (w3, "nosave") == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(w3, "nosave") == 0)
     {
-        if (strcmp (w4, "SavePoint") == 0)
+        if (strcmp(w4, "SavePoint") == 0)
         {
-            memcpy (map[m].save.map, "SavePoint", 16);
+            memcpy(map[m].save.map, "SavePoint", 16);
             map[m].save.x = -1;
             map[m].save.y = -1;
         }
-        else if (sscanf (w4, "%[^,],%d,%d", savemap, &savex, &savey) == 3)
+        else if (sscanf(w4, "%[^,],%d,%d", savemap, &savex, &savey) == 3)
         {
-            memcpy (map[m].save.map, savemap, 16);
+            memcpy(map[m].save.map, savemap, 16);
             map[m].save.x = savex;
             map[m].save.y = savey;
         }
         map[m].flag.nosave = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "nomemo") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "nomemo") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.nomemo = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "noteleport") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "noteleport") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.noteleport = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "nowarp") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "nowarp") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.nowarp = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "nowarpto") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "nowarpto") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.nowarpto = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "noreturn") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "noreturn") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.noreturn = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "monster_noteleport") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "monster_noteleport") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.monster_noteleport = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "nobranch") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "nobranch") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.nobranch = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "nopenalty") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "nopenalty") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.nopenalty = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "pvp") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "pvp") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.pvp = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "pvp_noparty") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "pvp_noparty") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.pvp_noparty = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "pvp_noguild") == 0)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.pvp_noguild = 1;
-    }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "pvp_nightmaredrop") == 0)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (w4, "%[^,],%[^,],%d", drop_arg1, drop_arg2, &drop_per) ==
-            3)
-        {
-            int  i;
-            if (strcmp (drop_arg1, "random") == 0)
-                drop_id = -1;
-            else if (itemdb_exists ((drop_id = atoi (drop_arg1))) == NULL)
-                drop_id = 0;
-            if (strcmp (drop_arg2, "inventory") == 0)
-                drop_type = 1;
-            else if (strcmp (drop_arg2, "equip") == 0)
-                drop_type = 2;
-            else if (strcmp (drop_arg2, "all") == 0)
-                drop_type = 3;
-
-            if (drop_id != 0)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < MAX_DROP_PER_MAP; i++)
-                {
-                    if (map[m].drop_list[i].drop_id == 0)
-                    {
-                        map[m].drop_list[i].drop_id = drop_id;
-                        map[m].drop_list[i].drop_type = drop_type;
-                        map[m].drop_list[i].drop_per = drop_per;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                map[m].flag.pvp_nightmaredrop = 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "pvp_nocalcrank") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "pvp_nocalcrank") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.pvp_nocalcrank = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "gvg") == 0)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.gvg = 1;
-    }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "gvg_noparty") == 0)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.gvg_noparty = 1;
-    }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "nozenypenalty") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "nozenypenalty") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.nozenypenalty = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "notrade") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "notrade") == 0)
     {
         map[m].flag.notrade = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "noskill") == 0)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.noskill = 1;
-    }
-    else if (battle_config.pk_mode && strcasecmp (w3, "nopvp") == 0)
+    else if (battle_config.pk_mode && strcasecmp(w3, "nopvp") == 0)
     {                           // nopvp for pk mode [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.nopvp = 1;
         map[m].flag.pvp = 0;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "noicewall") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "noicewall") == 0)
     {                           // noicewall [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.noicewall = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "snow") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "snow") == 0)
     {                           // snow [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.snow = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "fog") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "fog") == 0)
     {                           // fog [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.fog = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "sakura") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "sakura") == 0)
     {                           // sakura [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.sakura = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "leaves") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "leaves") == 0)
     {                           // leaves [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.leaves = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "rain") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "rain") == 0)
     {                           // rain [Valaris]
         map[m].flag.rain = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "no_player_drops") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "no_player_drops") == 0)
     {                           // no player drops [Jaxad0127]
         map[m].flag.no_player_drops = 1;
     }
-    else if (strcasecmp (w3, "town") == 0)
+    else if (strcasecmp(w3, "town") == 0)
     {                           // town/safe zone [remoitnane]
         map[m].flag.town = 1;
     }
@@ -2137,177 +1768,119 @@ static int npc_parse_mapflag (char *w1, char *w2, char *w3, char *w4)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void ev_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    free (data);
-    if (strstr (key.s, "::") != NULL)
-        free ((char*)key.s);
-}
-
-struct npc_data *npc_spawn_text (int m, int x, int y,
+struct npc_data *npc_spawn_text(int m, int x, int y,
                                  int npc_class, const char *name, const char *message)
 {
     struct npc_data *retval =
-        (struct npc_data *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct npc_data));
-    retval->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id ();
+        (struct npc_data *) calloc(1, sizeof(struct npc_data));
+    retval->bl.id = npc_get_new_npc_id();
     retval->bl.x = x;
     retval->bl.y = y;
     retval->bl.m = m;
-    retval->bl.type = BL_NPC;
-    retval->bl.subtype = MESSAGE;
+    retval->bl.type = BL::NPC;
+    retval->bl.subtype = NpcSubtype::MESSAGE;
 
-    strncpy (retval->name, name, 23);
-    strncpy (retval->exname, name, 23);
+    strncpy(retval->name, name, 23);
+    strncpy(retval->exname, name, 23);
     retval->name[15] = 0;
     retval->exname[15] = 0;
-    retval->u.message = message ? strdup (message) : NULL;
+    retval->u.message = message ? strdup(message) : NULL;
 
     retval->npc_class = npc_class;
-    retval->speed = 200;
+    retval->speed = std::chrono::milliseconds(200);
 
-    clif_spawnnpc (retval);
-    map_addblock (&retval->bl);
-    map_addiddb (&retval->bl);
+    clif_spawnnpc(retval);
+    map_addblock(&retval->bl);
+    map_addiddb(&retval->bl);
     if (retval->name && retval->name[0])
-        strdb_insert (npcname_db, retval->name, retval);
+        npcname_db.put(retval->name, retval);
 
     return retval;
 }
 
-static void npc_free_internal (struct npc_data *nd)
+static
+void npc_free_internal(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
     struct chat_data *cd;
 
-    if (nd->chat_id && (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)))
+    if (nd->chat_id && (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl(nd->chat_id)))
     {
-        free (cd);
+        free(cd);
         cd = NULL;
     }
-    if (nd->bl.subtype == SCRIPT)
+    if (nd->bl.subtype == NpcSubtype::SCRIPT)
     {
         if (nd->u.scr.timer_event)
-            free (nd->u.scr.timer_event);
+            free(nd->u.scr.timer_event);
         if (nd->u.scr.src_id == 0)
         {
             if (nd->u.scr.script)
             {
-                free (const_cast<ScriptCode *>(nd->u.scr.script));
+                free(const_cast<ScriptCode *>(nd->u.scr.script));
                 nd->u.scr.script = NULL;
             }
             if (nd->u.scr.label_list)
             {
-                free (nd->u.scr.label_list);
+                free(nd->u.scr.label_list);
                 nd->u.scr.label_list = NULL;
             }
         }
     }
-    else if (nd->bl.subtype == MESSAGE && nd->u.message)
+    else if (nd->bl.subtype == NpcSubtype::MESSAGE && nd->u.message)
     {
-        free (nd->u.message);
+        free(nd->u.message);
     }
-    free (nd);
+    free(nd);
 }
 
 static
-void npc_propagate_update (struct npc_data *nd)
-{
-    map_foreachinarea (npc_enable_sub,
-                       nd->bl.m,
-                       nd->bl.x - nd->u.scr.xs, nd->bl.y - nd->u.scr.ys,
-                       nd->bl.x + nd->u.scr.xs, nd->bl.y + nd->u.scr.ys,
-                       BL_PC, nd);
-}
-
-void npc_free (struct npc_data *nd)
+void npc_propagate_update(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    clif_clearchar (&nd->bl, 0);
-    npc_propagate_update (nd);
-    map_deliddb (&nd->bl);
-    map_delblock (&nd->bl);
-    npc_free_internal (nd);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(npc_enable_sub, ph::_1, nd),
+            nd->bl.m, nd->bl.x - nd->u.scr.xs, nd->bl.y - nd->u.scr.ys,
+            nd->bl.x + nd->u.scr.xs, nd->bl.y + nd->u.scr.ys, BL::PC);
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * 終了
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int do_final_npc (void)
+void npc_free(struct npc_data *nd)
 {
-    int  i;
-    struct block_list *bl;
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    struct mob_data *md;
-
-    if (ev_db)
-        strdb_final (ev_db, ev_db_final);
-    if (npcname_db)
-        strdb_final (npcname_db, NULL);
-
-    for (i = START_NPC_NUM; i < npc_id; i++)
-    {
-        if ((bl = map_id2bl (i)))
-        {
-            if (bl->type == BL_NPC && (nd = (struct npc_data *) bl))
-                npc_free_internal (nd);
-            else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (md = (struct mob_data *) bl))
-            {
-                if (md->lootitem)
-                {
-                    free (md->lootitem);
-                    md->lootitem = NULL;
-                }
-                free (md);
-                md = NULL;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static
-void ev_release (db_key_t key, db_val_t val)
-{
-    free ((char*)key.s);
-    free (val);
+    clif_clearchar(&nd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
+    npc_propagate_update(nd);
+    map_deliddb(&nd->bl);
+    map_delblock(&nd->bl);
+    npc_free_internal(nd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * npc�期化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init_npc (void)
+int do_init_npc(void)
 {
     struct npc_src_list *nsl;
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024];
-    int  m, lines;
-
-    ev_db = strdb_init (24);
-    npcname_db = strdb_init (24);
-
-    ev_db->release = ev_release;
+    int m, lines;
 
-    memset (&ev_tm_b, -1, sizeof (ev_tm_b));
+    memset(&ev_tm_b, -1, sizeof(ev_tm_b));
 
     for (nsl = npc_src_first; nsl; nsl = nsl->next)
     {
         if (nsl->prev)
         {
-            free (nsl->prev);
+            free(nsl->prev);
             nsl->prev = NULL;
         }
-        fp = fopen_ (nsl->name, "r");
+        fp = fopen_(nsl->name, "r");
         if (fp == NULL)
         {
-            printf ("file not found : %s\n", nsl->name);
-            exit (1);
+            PRINTF("file not found : %s\n", nsl->name);
+            exit(1);
         }
         lines = 0;
-        while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+        while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
         {
             char w1[1024], w2[1024], w3[1024], w4[1024], mapname[1024];
-            int  i, j, w4pos, count;
+            int i, j, w4pos, count;
             lines++;
 
             if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
@@ -2319,7 +1892,7 @@ int do_init_npc (void)
                 {
                     if (!
                         ((line[i + 1]
-                          && (isspace (line[i + 1]) || line[i + 1] == ','))
+                          && (isspace(line[i + 1]) || line[i + 1] == ','))
                          || (j && line[j - 1] == ',')))
                         line[j++] = ' ';
                 }
@@ -2333,67 +1906,67 @@ int do_init_npc (void)
             }
             // 最��タブ区切り��ェック�����ダメ�らスペース区切り�確�
             if ((count =
-                 sscanf (line, "%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t\r\n]\t%n%[^\t\r\n]", w1,
+                 sscanf(line, "%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t\r\n]\t%n%[^\t\r\n]", w1,
                          w2, w3, &w4pos, w4)) < 3
                 && (count =
-                    sscanf (line, "%s%s%s%n%s", w1, w2, w3, &w4pos, w4)) < 3)
+                    sscanf(line, "%s%s%s%n%s", w1, w2, w3, &w4pos, w4)) < 3)
             {
                 continue;
             }
             // マップ�存在確�
-            if (strcmp (w1, "-") != 0 && strcasecmp (w1, "function") != 0)
+            if (strcmp(w1, "-") != 0 && strcasecmp(w1, "function") != 0)
             {
-                sscanf (w1, "%[^,]", mapname);
-                m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
-                if (strlen (mapname) > 16 || m < 0)
+                sscanf(w1, "%[^,]", mapname);
+                m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
+                if (strlen(mapname) > 16 || m < 0)
                 {
                     // "mapname" is not assigned to this server
                     continue;
                 }
             }
-            if (strcasecmp (w2, "warp") == 0 && count > 3)
+            if (strcasecmp(w2, "warp") == 0 && count > 3)
             {
-                npc_parse_warp (w1, w2, w3, w4);
+                npc_parse_warp(w1, w2, w3, w4);
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w2, "shop") == 0 && count > 3)
+            else if (strcasecmp(w2, "shop") == 0 && count > 3)
             {
-                npc_parse_shop (w1, w2, w3, w4);
+                npc_parse_shop(w1, w2, w3, w4);
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w2, "script") == 0 && count > 3)
+            else if (strcasecmp(w2, "script") == 0 && count > 3)
             {
-                if (strcasecmp (w1, "function") == 0)
+                if (strcasecmp(w1, "function") == 0)
                 {
-                    npc_parse_function (w1, w2, w3, w4, line + w4pos, fp,
+                    npc_parse_function(w1, w2, w3, w4, line + w4pos, fp,
                                         &lines);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    npc_parse_script (w1, w2, w3, w4, line + w4pos, fp,
+                    npc_parse_script(w1, w2, w3, w4, line + w4pos, fp,
                                       &lines);
                 }
             }
             else if ((i =
-                      0, sscanf (w2, "duplicate%n", &i), (i > 0
+                      0, sscanf(w2, "duplicate%n", &i), (i > 0
                                                           && w2[i] == '('))
                      && count > 3)
             {
-                npc_parse_script (w1, w2, w3, w4, line + w4pos, fp, &lines);
+                npc_parse_script(w1, w2, w3, w4, line + w4pos, fp, &lines);
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w2, "monster") == 0 && count > 3)
+            else if (strcasecmp(w2, "monster") == 0 && count > 3)
             {
-                npc_parse_mob (w1, w2, w3, w4);
+                npc_parse_mob(w1, w2, w3, w4);
             }
-            else if (strcasecmp (w2, "mapflag") == 0 && count >= 3)
+            else if (strcasecmp(w2, "mapflag") == 0 && count >= 3)
             {
-                npc_parse_mapflag (w1, w2, w3, w4);
+                npc_parse_mapflag(w1, w2, w3, w4);
             }
         }
-        fclose_ (fp);
-        printf ("\rLoading NPCs [%d]: %-54s", npc_id - START_NPC_NUM,
+        fclose_(fp);
+        PRINTF("\rLoading NPCs [%d]: %-54s", npc_id - START_NPC_NUM,
                 nsl->name);
-        fflush (stdout);
+        fflush(stdout);
     }
-    printf ("\rNPCs Loaded: %d [Warps:%d Shops:%d Scripts:%d Mobs:%d]\n",
+    PRINTF("\rNPCs Loaded: %d [Warps:%d Shops:%d Scripts:%d Mobs:%d]\n",
             npc_id - START_NPC_NUM, npc_warp, npc_shop, npc_script, npc_mob);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/src/map/npc.hpp b/src/map/npc.hpp
index 6204316..bedca83 100644
--- a/src/map/npc.hpp
+++ b/src/map/npc.hpp
@@ -1,64 +1,71 @@
-// $Id: npc.h,v 1.5 2004/09/25 11:39:17 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef NPC_HPP
 #define NPC_HPP
 
-#define START_NPC_NUM 110000000
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
 
-#define WARP_CLASS 45
-#define WARP_DEBUG_CLASS 722
-#define INVISIBLE_CLASS 32767
+#include "../common/timer.t.hpp"
 
-int  npc_event_dequeue (struct map_session_data *sd);
-void npc_event_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-int  npc_event (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *npcname, int);
-int  npc_timer_event (const char *eventname);   // Added by RoVeRT
-int  npc_command (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *npcname, const char *command);
-int  npc_touch_areanpc (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);
-int  npc_click (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  npc_scriptcont (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  npc_checknear (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  npc_buysellsel (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  npc_buylist (struct map_session_data *, int, unsigned short *);
-int  npc_selllist (struct map_session_data *, int, unsigned short *);
-int  npc_parse_mob (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w4);
-int  npc_parse_warp (const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w4);
+constexpr int START_NPC_NUM = 110000000;
 
-int  npc_enable (const char *name, int flag);
-struct npc_data *npc_name2id (const char *name);
+constexpr int WARP_CLASS = 45;
+constexpr int WARP_DEBUG_CLASS = 722;
+constexpr int INVISIBLE_CLASS = 32767;
 
-int  npc_get_new_npc_id (void);
+int npc_event_dequeue(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int npc_event(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *npcname, int);
+int npc_timer_event(const char *eventname);   // Added by RoVeRT
+int npc_command(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *npcname, const char *command);
+int npc_touch_areanpc(struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);
+int npc_click(struct map_session_data *, int);
+int npc_scriptcont(struct map_session_data *, int);
+int npc_buysellsel(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+int npc_buylist(struct map_session_data *, int, const uint16_t *);
+int npc_selllist(struct map_session_data *, int, const uint16_t *);
+int npc_parse_warp(const char *w1, const char *w2, const char *w3, const char *w4);
+
+int npc_enable(const char *name, bool flag);
+struct npc_data *npc_name2id(const char *name);
+
+int npc_get_new_npc_id(void);
 
 /**
  * Spawns and installs a talk-only NPC
  *
  * \param message The message to speak.  If message is NULL, the NPC will not do anything at all.
  */
-struct npc_data *npc_spawn_text (int m, int x, int y, int class_, const char *name, const char *message);    // message is strdup'd within
+struct npc_data *npc_spawn_text(int m, int x, int y, int class_, const char *name, const char *message);    // message is strdup'd within
 
 /**
  * Uninstalls and frees an NPC
  */
-void npc_free (struct npc_data *npc);
+void npc_free(struct npc_data *npc);
 
-void npc_addsrcfile (char *);
-void npc_delsrcfile (char *);
-int  do_final_npc (void);
-int  do_init_npc (void);
-int  npc_event_do_oninit (void);
-int  npc_do_ontimer (int, struct map_session_data *, int);
+void npc_addsrcfile(const char *);
+void npc_delsrcfile(const char *);
+int do_init_npc(void);
+int npc_event_do_oninit(void);
 
 struct argrec;
-int  npc_event_doall_l (const char *name, int rid, int argc,
-                        struct argrec *argv);
-int  npc_event_do_l (const char *name, int rid, int argc,
-                     struct argrec *argv);
-#define npc_event_doall(name) npc_event_doall_l(name, 0, 0, NULL)
-#define npc_event_do(name) npc_event_do_l(name, 0, 0, NULL)
+int npc_event_doall_l(const char *name, int rid,
+        int argc, struct argrec *argv);
+int npc_event_do_l(const char *name, int rid,
+        int argc, struct argrec *argv);
+inline
+int npc_event_doall(const char *name)
+{
+    return npc_event_doall_l(name, 0, 0, NULL);
+}
+inline
+int npc_event_do(const char *name)
+{
+    return npc_event_do_l(name, 0, 0, NULL);
+}
 
-int  npc_timerevent_start (struct npc_data *nd);
-int  npc_timerevent_stop (struct npc_data *nd);
-int  npc_gettimerevent_tick (struct npc_data *nd);
-int  npc_settimerevent_tick (struct npc_data *nd, int newtimer);
-int  npc_delete (struct npc_data *nd);
+int npc_timerevent_start(struct npc_data *nd);
+int npc_timerevent_stop(struct npc_data *nd);
+interval_t npc_gettimerevent_tick(struct npc_data *nd);
+int npc_settimerevent_tick(struct npc_data *nd, interval_t newtimer);
+int npc_delete(struct npc_data *nd);
 
-#endif
+#endif // NPC_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/party.cpp b/src/map/party.cpp
index 95763b8..f737601 100644
--- a/src/map/party.cpp
+++ b/src/map/party.cpp
@@ -1,151 +1,135 @@
-// $Id: party.c,v 1.2 2004/09/22 02:59:47 Akitasha Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
 #include "party.hpp"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "skill.hpp"
+#include "intif.hpp"
+#include "map.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "tmw.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-#define PARTY_SEND_XYHP_INVERVAL	1000    // 座標やＨＰ�信�間隔
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-static struct dbt *party_db;
+// 座標やＨＰ�信�間隔
+constexpr interval_t PARTY_SEND_XYHP_INVERVAL = std::chrono::seconds(1);
 
-void party_send_xyhp_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data);
-/*==========================================
- * 終了
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static void party_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    free (data);
-}
+static
+Map<int, struct party> party_db;
 
-void do_final_party (void)
-{
-    if (party_db)
-        numdb_final (party_db, party_db_final);
-}
+static
+int party_check_conflict(struct map_session_data *sd);
+static
+void party_send_xyhp_timer(TimerData *tid, tick_t tick);
 
 // �期化
-void do_init_party (void)
+void do_init_party(void)
 {
-    party_db = numdb_init ();
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + PARTY_SEND_XYHP_INVERVAL,
-                        party_send_xyhp_timer, 0, 0,
-                        PARTY_SEND_XYHP_INVERVAL);
+    Timer(gettick() + PARTY_SEND_XYHP_INVERVAL,
+            party_send_xyhp_timer,
+            PARTY_SEND_XYHP_INVERVAL
+    ).detach();
 }
 
 // 検索
-struct party *party_search (int party_id)
+struct party *party_search(int party_id)
 {
-    return (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id);
+    return party_db.search(party_id);
 }
 
 static
-void party_searchname_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void party_searchname_sub(struct party *p, const char *str, struct party **dst)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *) data, **dst;
-    const char *str;
-    str = va_arg (ap, const char *);
-    dst = va_arg (ap, struct party **);
-    if (strcasecmp (p->name, str) == 0)
+    if (strcasecmp(p->name, str) == 0)
         *dst = p;
 }
 
 // パーティ�検索
-struct party *party_searchname (const char *str)
+struct party *party_searchname(const char *str)
 {
     struct party *p = NULL;
-    numdb_foreach (party_db, party_searchname_sub, str, &p);
+    for (auto& pair : party_db)
+        party_searchname_sub(&pair.second, str, &p);
     return p;
 }
 
 /* Process a party creation request. */
-int party_create (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
+int party_create(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
 {
     char pname[24];
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    strncpy (pname, name, 24);
+    strncpy(pname, name, 24);
     pname[23] = '\0';
-    tmw_TrimStr (pname);
+    tmw_TrimStr(pname);
 
     /* The party name is empty/invalid. */
     if (!*pname)
-        clif_party_created (sd, 1);
+        clif_party_created(sd, 1);
 
     /* Make sure the character isn't already in a party. */
     if (sd->status.party_id == 0)
-        intif_create_party (sd, pname);
+        intif_create_party(sd, pname);
     else
-        clif_party_created (sd, 2);
+        clif_party_created(sd, 2);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /* Relay the result of a party creation request. */
-int party_created (int account_id, int fail, int party_id, const char *name)
+int party_created(int account_id, int fail, int party_id, const char *name)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(account_id);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     /* The party name is valid and not already taken. */
     if (!fail)
     {
-        struct party *p;
         sd->status.party_id = party_id;
 
-        if ((p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, party_id)) != NULL)
+        struct party *p = party_db.search(party_id);
+        if (p != NULL)
         {
-            printf ("party_created(): ID already exists!\n");
-            exit (1);
+            PRINTF("party_created(): ID already exists!\n");
+            exit(1);
         }
 
-        CREATE (p, struct party, 1);
+        p = party_db.init(party_id);
         p->party_id = party_id;
-        memcpy (p->name, name, 24);
-        numdb_insert (party_db, party_id, p);
+        memcpy(p->name, name, 24);
 
         /* The party was created successfully. */
-        clif_party_created (sd, 0);
+        clif_party_created(sd, 0);
     }
 
     else
-        clif_party_created (sd, 1);
+        clif_party_created(sd, 1);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // 情報�求
-int party_request_info (int party_id)
+int party_request_info(int party_id)
 {
-    return intif_request_partyinfo (party_id);
+    return intif_request_partyinfo(party_id);
 }
 
 // 所属キャラ�確�
 static
-int party_check_member (struct party *p)
+int party_check_member(struct party *p)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
@@ -153,22 +137,25 @@ int party_check_member (struct party *p)
         {
             if (sd->status.party_id == p->party_id)
             {
-                int  j, f = 1;
+                int j, f = 1;
                 for (j = 0; j < MAX_PARTY; j++)
                 {               // パーティ�データ��る�確�
                     if (p->member[j].account_id == sd->status.account_id)
                     {
-                        if (strcmp (p->member[j].name, sd->status.name) == 0)
+                        if (strcmp(p->member[j].name, sd->status.name) == 0)
                             f = 0;  // データ��る
                         else
-                            p->member[j].sd = NULL; // �垢別キャラ���
+                        {
+                            // I can prove it was already zeroed
+                            // p->member[j].sd = NULL; // �垢別キャラ���
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 if (f)
                 {
                     sd->status.party_id = 0;
                     if (battle_config.error_log)
-                        printf ("party: check_member %d[%s] is not member\n",
+                        PRINTF("party: check_member %d[%s] is not member\n",
                                 sd->status.account_id, sd->status.name);
                 }
             }
@@ -178,9 +165,9 @@ int party_check_member (struct party *p)
 }
 
 // 情報所得失敗（��ID�キャラを全部未所属��る）
-int party_recv_noinfo (int party_id)
+int party_recv_noinfo(int party_id)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
     {
@@ -194,31 +181,32 @@ int party_recv_noinfo (int party_id)
 }
 
 // 情報所得
-int party_recv_info (struct party *sp)
+int party_recv_info(const struct party *sp)
 {
-    struct party *p;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sp);
+    nullpo_ret(sp);
 
-    if ((p = (struct party *)numdb_search (party_db, sp->party_id)) == NULL)
+    struct party *p = party_db.search(sp->party_id);
+    if (p == NULL)
     {
-        CREATE (p, struct party, 1);
-        numdb_insert (party_db, sp->party_id, p);
+        p = party_db.init(sp->party_id);
 
         // 最��ロード���ユーザー��ェックを行�
-        party_check_member (sp);
+        *p = *sp;
+        party_check_member(p);
     }
-    memcpy (p, sp, sizeof (struct party));
+    else
+        *p = *sp;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {                           // sd�設定
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (p->member[i].account_id);
+        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(p->member[i].account_id);
         p->member[i].sd = (sd != NULL
                            && sd->status.party_id == p->party_id) ? sd : NULL;
     }
 
-    clif_party_info (p, -1);
+    clif_party_info(p, -1);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {                           // 設定情報��信
@@ -226,7 +214,7 @@ int party_recv_info (struct party *sp)
         struct map_session_data *sd = p->member[i].sd;
         if (sd != NULL && sd->party_sended == 0)
         {
-            clif_party_option (p, sd, 0x100);
+            clif_party_option(p, sd, 0x100);
             sd->party_sended = 1;
         }
     }
@@ -235,14 +223,14 @@ int party_recv_info (struct party *sp)
 }
 
 /* Process party invitation from sd to account_id. */
-int party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
+int party_invite(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *tsd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    struct party *p = party_search (sd->status.party_id);
-    int  i;
-    int  full = 1; /* Indicates whether or not there's room for one more. */
+    struct map_session_data *tsd = map_id2sd(account_id);
+    struct party *p = party_search(sd->status.party_id);
+    int i;
+    int full = 1; /* Indicates whether or not there's room for one more. */
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (!tsd || !p || !tsd->fd)
         return 0;
@@ -250,10 +238,10 @@ int party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
     if (!battle_config.invite_request_check)
     {
         /* Disallow the invitation under these conditions. */
-        if (tsd->guild_invite > 0 || tsd->trade_partner || tsd->npc_id
-            || tsd->npc_shopid || pc_checkskill (tsd, NV_PARTY) < 1)
+        if (tsd->trade_partner || tsd->npc_id
+            || tsd->npc_shopid || pc_checkskill(tsd, SkillID::NV_PARTY) < 1)
         {
-            clif_party_inviteack (sd, tsd->status.name, 1);
+            clif_party_inviteack(sd, tsd->status.name, 1);
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -261,7 +249,7 @@ int party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
     /* The target player is already in a party, or has a pending invitation. */
     if (tsd->status.party_id > 0 || tsd->party_invite > 0)
     {
-        clif_party_inviteack (sd, tsd->status.name, 0);
+        clif_party_inviteack(sd, tsd->status.name, 0);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -275,7 +263,7 @@ int party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
          */
         if (p->member[i].account_id == account_id)
         {
-            clif_party_inviteack (sd, tsd->status.name, 1);
+            clif_party_inviteack(sd, tsd->status.name, 1);
             return 0;
         }
 
@@ -286,7 +274,7 @@ int party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
     /* There isn't enough room for a new member. */
     if (full)
     {
-        clif_party_inviteack (sd, tsd->status.name, 3);
+        clif_party_inviteack(sd, tsd->status.name, 3);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -294,14 +282,14 @@ int party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id)
     tsd->party_invite = sd->status.party_id;
     tsd->party_invite_account = sd->status.account_id;
 
-    clif_party_invite (sd, tsd);
+    clif_party_invite(sd, tsd);
     return 0;
 }
 
 /* Process response to party invitation. */
-int party_reply_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int flag)
+int party_reply_invite(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int flag)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     /* There is no pending invitation. */
     if (!sd->party_invite || !sd->party_invite_account)
@@ -316,7 +304,7 @@ int party_reply_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int flag)
 
     /* The invitation was accepted. */
     if (flag == 1)
-        intif_party_addmember (sd->party_invite, sd->status.account_id);
+        intif_party_addmember(sd->party_invite, sd->status.account_id);
     /* The invitation was rejected. */
     else
     {
@@ -326,44 +314,44 @@ int party_reply_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int flag)
         sd->party_invite = 0;
         sd->party_invite_account = 0;
 
-        if ((tsd = map_id2sd (account_id)))
-            clif_party_inviteack (tsd, sd->status.name, 1);
+        if ((tsd = map_id2sd(account_id)))
+            clif_party_inviteack(tsd, sd->status.name, 1);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ�追加�れ�
-int party_member_added (int party_id, int account_id, int flag)
+int party_member_added(int party_id, int account_id, int flag)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id), *sd2;
-    struct party *p = party_search (party_id);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(account_id), *sd2;
+    struct party *p = party_search(party_id);
 
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
         if (flag == 0)
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("party: member added error %d is not online\n",
+                PRINTF("party: member added error %d is not online\n",
                         account_id);
-            intif_party_leave (party_id, account_id);   // キャラ��登録��������脱退�求を出�
+            intif_party_leave(party_id, account_id);   // キャラ��登録��������脱退�求を出�
         }
         return 0;
     }
-    sd2 = map_id2sd (sd->party_invite_account);
+    sd2 = map_id2sd(sd->party_invite_account);
     sd->party_invite = 0;
     sd->party_invite_account = 0;
 
     if (p == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("party_member_added: party %d not found.\n", party_id);
-        intif_party_leave (party_id, account_id);
+        PRINTF("party_member_added: party %d not found.\n", party_id);
+        intif_party_leave(party_id, account_id);
         return 0;
     }
 
     if (flag == 1)
     {                           // 失敗
         if (sd2 != NULL)
-            clif_party_inviteack (sd2, sd->status.name, 0);
+            clif_party_inviteack(sd2, sd->status.name, 0);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -372,26 +360,25 @@ int party_member_added (int party_id, int account_id, int flag)
     sd->status.party_id = party_id;
 
     if (sd2 != NULL)
-        clif_party_inviteack (sd2, sd->status.name, 2);
+        clif_party_inviteack(sd2, sd->status.name, 2);
 
     // ����競�確�
-    party_check_conflict (sd);
+    party_check_conflict(sd);
 
-    party_send_xy_clear (p);
+    party_send_xy_clear(p);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ除��求
-int party_removemember (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                        const char *name)
+int party_removemember(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, const char *)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if ((p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
+    if ((p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
@@ -405,7 +392,7 @@ int party_removemember (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
     {                           // 所属���る�調�る
         if (p->member[i].account_id == account_id)
         {
-            intif_party_leave (p->party_id, account_id);
+            intif_party_leave(p->party_id, account_id);
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -413,21 +400,21 @@ int party_removemember (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
 }
 
 // パーティ脱退�求
-int party_leave (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int party_leave(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if ((p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
+    if ((p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {                           // 所属���る�
         if (p->member[i].account_id == sd->status.account_id)
         {
-            intif_party_leave (p->party_id, sd->status.account_id);
+            intif_party_leave(p->party_id, sd->status.account_id);
             return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -435,17 +422,17 @@ int party_leave (struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 // パーティメン��脱退��
-int party_member_leaved (int party_id, int account_id, const char *name)
+int party_member_leaved(int party_id, int account_id, const char *name)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    struct party *p = party_search (party_id);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(account_id);
+    struct party *p = party_search(party_id);
     if (p != NULL)
     {
-        int  i;
+        int i;
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
             if (p->member[i].account_id == account_id)
             {
-                clif_party_leaved (p, sd, account_id, name, 0x00);
+                clif_party_leaved(p, sd, account_id, name, 0x00);
                 p->member[i].account_id = 0;
                 p->member[i].sd = NULL;
             }
@@ -459,79 +446,79 @@ int party_member_leaved (int party_id, int account_id, const char *name)
 }
 
 // パーティ解散通知
-int party_broken (int party_id)
+int party_broken(int party_id)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    int  i;
-    if ((p = party_search (party_id)) == NULL)
+    int i;
+    if ((p = party_search(party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         if (p->member[i].sd != NULL)
         {
-            clif_party_leaved (p, p->member[i].sd,
+            clif_party_leaved(p, p->member[i].sd,
                                p->member[i].account_id, p->member[i].name,
                                0x10);
             p->member[i].sd->status.party_id = 0;
             p->member[i].sd->party_sended = 0;
         }
     }
-    numdb_erase (party_db, party_id);
+    party_db.erase(party_id);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ�設定変更�求
-int party_changeoption (struct map_session_data *sd, int exp, int item)
+int party_changeoption(struct map_session_data *sd, int exp, int item)
 {
     struct party *p;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.party_id == 0
-        || (p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
+        || (p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
-    intif_party_changeoption (sd->status.party_id, sd->status.account_id, exp,
+    intif_party_changeoption(sd->status.party_id, sd->status.account_id, exp,
                               item);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ�設定変更通知
-int party_optionchanged (int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item,
+int party_optionchanged(int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item,
                          int flag)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (account_id);
-    if ((p = party_search (party_id)) == NULL)
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(account_id);
+    if ((p = party_search(party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
 
     if (!(flag & 0x01))
         p->exp = exp;
     if (!(flag & 0x10))
         p->item = item;
-    clif_party_option (p, sd, flag);
+    clif_party_option(p, sd, flag);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティメン��移動通知
-int party_recv_movemap (int party_id, int account_id, const char *map, int online,
+int party_recv_movemap(int party_id, int account_id, const char *mapname, int online,
                         int lv)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    int  i;
-    if ((p = party_search (party_id)) == NULL)
+    int i;
+    if ((p = party_search(party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         struct party_member *m = &p->member[i];
         if (m == NULL)
         {
-            printf ("party_recv_movemap nullpo?\n");
+            PRINTF("party_recv_movemap nullpo?\n");
             return 0;
         }
         if (m->account_id == account_id)
         {
-            memcpy (m->map, map, 16);
+            memcpy(m->map, mapname, 16);
             m->online = online;
             m->lv = lv;
             break;
@@ -540,49 +527,49 @@ int party_recv_movemap (int party_id, int account_id, const char *map, int onlin
     if (i == MAX_PARTY)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("party: not found member %d on %d[%s]", account_id,
+            PRINTF("party: not found member %d on %d[%s]", account_id,
                     party_id, p->name);
         return 0;
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {                           // sd�設定
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (p->member[i].account_id);
+        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(p->member[i].account_id);
         p->member[i].sd = (sd != NULL
                            && sd->status.party_id == p->party_id) ? sd : NULL;
     }
 
-    party_send_xy_clear (p);    // 座標�通知�請
+    party_send_xy_clear(p);    // 座標�通知�請
 
-    clif_party_info (p, -1);
+    clif_party_info(p, -1);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティメン��移動
-int party_send_movemap (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int party_send_movemap(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct party *p;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.party_id == 0)
         return 0;
-    intif_party_changemap (sd, 1);
+    intif_party_changemap(sd, 1);
 
     if (sd->party_sended != 0)  // も�パーティデータ��信済�
         return 0;
 
     // 競�確�
-    party_check_conflict (sd);
+    party_check_conflict(sd);
 
     // �る�らパーティ情報�信
-    if ((p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) != NULL)
+    if ((p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) != NULL)
     {
-        party_check_member (p); // 所属を確��る
+        party_check_member(p); // 所属を確��る
         if (sd->status.party_id == p->party_id)
         {
-            clif_party_info (p, sd->fd);
-            clif_party_option (p, sd, 0x100);
+            clif_party_info(p, sd->fd);
+            clif_party_option(p, sd, 0x100);
             sd->party_sended = 1;
         }
     }
@@ -591,19 +578,19 @@ int party_send_movemap (struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 // パーティメン��ログアウト
-int party_send_logout (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int party_send_logout(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct party *p;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
-        intif_party_changemap (sd, 0);
+        intif_party_changemap(sd, 0);
 
     // sd�無効��る��パーティ情報�ら削除
-    if ((p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) != NULL)
+    if ((p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) != NULL)
     {
-        int  i;
+        int i;
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
             if (p->member[i].sd == sd)
                 p->member[i].sd = NULL;
@@ -613,43 +600,42 @@ int party_send_logout (struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 // パーティメッセージ�信
-int party_send_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len)
+int party_send_message(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len)
 {
     if (sd->status.party_id == 0)
         return 0;
-    intif_party_message (sd->status.party_id, sd->status.account_id, mes,
+    intif_party_message(sd->status.party_id, sd->status.account_id, mes,
                          len);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティメッセージ�信
-int party_recv_message (int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
+int party_recv_message(int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    if ((p = party_search (party_id)) == NULL)
+    if ((p = party_search(party_id)) == NULL)
         return 0;
-    clif_party_message (p, account_id, mes, len);
+    clif_party_message(p, account_id, mes, len);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // パーティ競�確�
-int party_check_conflict (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int party_check_conflict(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    intif_party_checkconflict (sd->status.party_id, sd->status.account_id,
+    intif_party_checkconflict(sd->status.party_id, sd->status.account_id,
                                sd->status.name);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // �置やＨＰ通知用
 static
-void party_send_xyhp_timer_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+void party_send_xyhp_timer_sub(struct party *p)
 {
-    struct party *p = (struct party *) data;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retv (p);
+    nullpo_retv(p);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
@@ -659,14 +645,14 @@ void party_send_xyhp_timer_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
             // 座標通知
             if (sd->party_x != sd->bl.x || sd->party_y != sd->bl.y)
             {
-                clif_party_xy (p, sd);
+                clif_party_xy(p, sd);
                 sd->party_x = sd->bl.x;
                 sd->party_y = sd->bl.y;
             }
             // ＨＰ通知
             if (sd->party_hp != sd->status.hp)
             {
-                clif_party_hp (p, sd);
+                clif_party_hp(p, sd);
                 sd->party_hp = sd->status.hp;
             }
 
@@ -675,17 +661,18 @@ void party_send_xyhp_timer_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
 }
 
 // �置やＨＰ通知
-void party_send_xyhp_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void party_send_xyhp_timer(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    numdb_foreach (party_db, party_send_xyhp_timer_sub, tick);
+    for (auto& pair : party_db)
+        party_send_xyhp_timer_sub(&pair.second);
 }
 
 // �置通知クリア
-int party_send_xy_clear (struct party *p)
+int party_send_xy_clear(struct party *p)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
@@ -701,62 +688,55 @@ int party_send_xy_clear (struct party *p)
 }
 
 // HP通知�必�性検査用（map_foreachinmovearea�ら呼�れる）
-int party_send_hp_check (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void party_send_hp_check(struct block_list *bl, int party_id, int *flag)
 {
-    int  party_id;
-    int *flag;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
-
-    party_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    flag = va_arg (ap, int *);
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
     if (sd->status.party_id == party_id)
     {
         *flag = 1;
         sd->party_hp = -1;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 // 経験値公平分�
-int party_exp_share (struct party *p, int map, int base_exp, int job_exp)
+int party_exp_share(struct party *p, int mapid, int base_exp, int job_exp)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i, c;
+    int i, c;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
     for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
-        if ((sd = p->member[i].sd) != NULL && sd->bl.m == map)
+        if ((sd = p->member[i].sd) != NULL && sd->bl.m == mapid)
             c++;
     if (c == 0)
         return 0;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
-        if ((sd = p->member[i].sd) != NULL && sd->bl.m == map)
-            pc_gainexp (sd, base_exp / c + 1, job_exp / c + 1);
+        if ((sd = p->member[i].sd) != NULL && sd->bl.m == mapid)
+            pc_gainexp_reason(sd, base_exp / c + 1, job_exp / c + 1,
+            PC_GAINEXP_REASON::SHARING);
     return 0;
 }
 
 // ��マップ�パーティメン�ー全体�処�を��る
 // type==0 ��マップ
 //     !=0 画�内
-void party_foreachsamemap (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list),
-                           struct map_session_data *sd, int type, ...)
+void party_foreachsamemap(std::function<void(struct block_list *)> func,
+        struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
     struct party *p;
-    va_list ap;
-    int  i;
-    int  x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    int i;
+    int x0, y0, x1, y1;
     struct block_list *list[MAX_PARTY];
-    int  blockcount = 0;
+    int blockcount = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if ((p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
+    if ((p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
         return;
 
     x0 = sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE;
@@ -764,8 +744,6 @@ void party_foreachsamemap (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list),
     x1 = sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE;
     y1 = sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE;
 
-    va_start (ap, type);
-
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
     {
         struct party_member *m = &p->member[i];
@@ -781,13 +759,11 @@ void party_foreachsamemap (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list),
         }
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
+    map_freeblock_lock();      // メモリ�ら�解放を�止�る
 
     for (i = 0; i < blockcount; i++)
         if (list[i]->prev)      // 有効�����ェック
-            func (list[i], ap);
-
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();    // 解放を許��る
+            func(list[i]);
 
-    va_end (ap);
+    map_freeblock_unlock();    // 解放を許��る
 }
diff --git a/src/map/party.hpp b/src/map/party.hpp
index b4d462e..77e3aaf 100644
--- a/src/map/party.hpp
+++ b/src/map/party.hpp
@@ -1,52 +1,48 @@
-// $Id: party.h,v 1.3 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef PARTY_HPP
 #define PARTY_HPP
 
-#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <functional>
 
 struct party;
 struct map_session_data;
 struct block_list;
 
-void do_init_party (void);
-void do_final_party (void);
-struct party *party_search (int party_id);
-struct party *party_searchname (const char *str);
-
-int  party_create (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
-int  party_created (int account_id, int fail, int party_id, const char *name);
-int  party_request_info (int party_id);
-int  party_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id);
-int  party_member_added (int party_id, int account_id, int flag);
-int  party_leave (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  party_removemember (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                         const char *name);
-int  party_member_leaved (int party_id, int account_id, const char *name);
-int  party_reply_invite (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
-                         int flag);
-int  party_recv_noinfo (int party_id);
-int  party_recv_info (struct party *sp);
-int  party_recv_movemap (int party_id, int account_id, const char *map, int online,
-                         int lv);
-int  party_broken (int party_id);
-int  party_optionchanged (int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item,
-                          int flag);
-int  party_changeoption (struct map_session_data *sd, int exp, int item);
-
-int  party_send_movemap (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  party_send_logout (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  party_send_message (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len);
-int  party_recv_message (int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
-
-int  party_check_conflict (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  party_send_xy_clear (struct party *p);
-int  party_send_hp_check (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-
-int  party_exp_share (struct party *p, int map, int base_exp, int job_exp);
-
-void party_foreachsamemap (int (*func) (struct block_list *, va_list),
-                           struct map_session_data *sd, int type, ...);
-
-#endif
+void do_init_party(void);
+struct party *party_search(int party_id);
+struct party *party_searchname(const char *str);
+
+int party_create(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
+int party_created(int account_id, int fail, int party_id, const char *name);
+int party_request_info(int party_id);
+int party_invite(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id);
+int party_member_added(int party_id, int account_id, int flag);
+int party_leave(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int party_removemember(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
+        const char *name);
+int party_member_leaved(int party_id, int account_id, const char *name);
+int party_reply_invite(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id,
+        int flag);
+int party_recv_noinfo(int party_id);
+int party_recv_info(const struct party *sp);
+int party_recv_movemap(int party_id, int account_id, const char *map,
+        int online, int lv);
+int party_broken(int party_id);
+int party_optionchanged(int party_id, int account_id, int exp, int item,
+        int flag);
+int party_changeoption(struct map_session_data *sd, int exp, int item);
+
+int party_send_movemap(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int party_send_logout(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int party_send_message(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mes, int len);
+int party_recv_message(int party_id, int account_id, const char *mes, int len);
+
+int party_send_xy_clear(struct party *p);
+void party_send_hp_check(struct block_list *bl, int party_id, int *flag);
+
+int party_exp_share(struct party *p, int map, int base_exp, int job_exp);
+
+void party_foreachsamemap(std::function<void(struct block_list *)> func,
+        struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
+
+#endif // PARTY_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/path.cpp b/src/map/path.cpp
index b68dae6..7a8eb37 100644
--- a/src/map/path.cpp
+++ b/src/map/path.cpp
@@ -1,37 +1,40 @@
-// $Id: path.c,v 1.1.1.1 2004/09/10 17:27:00 MagicalTux Exp $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 
-#include "map.hpp"
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
+#include "map.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 //#define PATH_STANDALONETEST
 
-#define MAX_HEAP 150
+constexpr int MAX_HEAP = 150;
 struct tmp_path
 {
     short x, y, dist, before, cost;
-    char dir, flag;
+    DIR dir;
+    char flag;
 };
-#define calc_index(x,y) (((x)+(y)*MAX_WALKPATH) & (MAX_WALKPATH*MAX_WALKPATH-1))
+
+static
+int calc_index(int x, int y)
+{
+    return (x + y * MAX_WALKPATH) & (MAX_WALKPATH * MAX_WALKPATH - 1);
+}
 
 /*==========================================
  * 経路探索補助heap push
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void push_heap_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int index)
+static
+void push_heap_path(int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int index)
 {
-    int  i, h;
+    int i, h;
 
     if (heap == NULL || tp == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("push_heap_path nullpo\n");
+        PRINTF("push_heap_path nullpo\n");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -48,20 +51,21 @@ static void push_heap_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int index)
  * cost�減����根�方�移動
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void update_heap_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int index)
+static
+void update_heap_path(int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int index)
 {
-    int  i, h;
+    int i, h;
 
-    nullpo_retv (heap);
-    nullpo_retv (tp);
+    nullpo_retv(heap);
+    nullpo_retv(tp);
 
     for (h = 0; h < heap[0]; h++)
         if (heap[h + 1] == index)
             break;
     if (h == heap[0])
     {
-        fprintf (stderr, "update_heap_path bug\n");
-        exit (1);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "update_heap_path bug\n");
+        exit(1);
     }
     for (i = (h - 1) / 2;
          h > 0 && tp[index].cost < tp[heap[i + 1]].cost; i = (h - 1) / 2)
@@ -73,13 +77,14 @@ static void update_heap_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int index)
  * 経路探索補助heap pop
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int pop_heap_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp)
+static
+int pop_heap_path(int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp)
 {
-    int  i, h, k;
-    int  ret, last;
+    int i, h, k;
+    int ret, last;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, heap);
-    nullpo_retr (-1, tp);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, heap);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, tp);
 
     if (heap[0] <= 0)
         return -1;
@@ -108,11 +113,12 @@ static int pop_heap_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp)
  * �在�点�cost計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int calc_cost (struct tmp_path *p, int x1, int y1)
+static
+int calc_cost(struct tmp_path *p, int x1, int y1)
 {
-    int  xd, yd;
+    int xd, yd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, p);
+    nullpo_ret(p);
 
     xd = x1 - p->x;
     if (xd < 0)
@@ -127,15 +133,16 @@ static int calc_cost (struct tmp_path *p, int x1, int y1)
  * 必��らpathを追加/修正�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int add_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int x, int y, int dist,
-                     int dir, int before, int x1, int y1)
+static
+int add_path(int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int x, int y, int dist,
+        DIR dir, int before, int x1, int y1)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, heap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, tp);
+    nullpo_ret(heap);
+    nullpo_ret(tp);
 
-    i = calc_index (x, y);
+    i = calc_index(x, y);
 
     if (tp[i].x == x && tp[i].y == y)
     {
@@ -144,11 +151,11 @@ static int add_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int x, int y, int dist,
             tp[i].dist = dist;
             tp[i].dir = dir;
             tp[i].before = before;
-            tp[i].cost = calc_cost (&tp[i], x1, y1);
+            tp[i].cost = calc_cost(&tp[i], x1, y1);
             if (tp[i].flag)
-                push_heap_path (heap, tp, i);
+                push_heap_path(heap, tp, i);
             else
-                update_heap_path (heap, tp, i);
+                update_heap_path(heap, tp, i);
             tp[i].flag = 0;
         }
         return 0;
@@ -162,9 +169,9 @@ static int add_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int x, int y, int dist,
     tp[i].dist = dist;
     tp[i].dir = dir;
     tp[i].before = before;
-    tp[i].cost = calc_cost (&tp[i], x1, y1);
+    tp[i].cost = calc_cost(&tp[i], x1, y1);
     tp[i].flag = 0;
-    push_heap_path (heap, tp, i);
+    push_heap_path(heap, tp, i);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -174,116 +181,57 @@ static int add_path (int *heap, struct tmp_path *tp, int x, int y, int dist,
  * flag 0x10000 ��離攻撃判定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int can_place (struct map_data *m, int x, int y, int flag)
+static
+bool can_place(struct map_data *m, int x, int y)
 {
-    int  c;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, m);
-
-    c = read_gatp (m, x, y);
+    nullpo_ret(m);
 
-    if (c == 1)
-        return 0;
-    if (!(flag & 0x10000) && c == 5)
-        return 0;
-    return 1;
+    return !bool(read_gatp(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * (x0,y0)�ら(x1,y1)�1歩�移動�能�計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int can_move (struct map_data *m, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1,
-                     int flag)
+static
+int can_move(struct map_data *m, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, m);
+    nullpo_ret(m);
 
     if (x0 - x1 < -1 || x0 - x1 > 1 || y0 - y1 < -1 || y0 - y1 > 1)
         return 0;
     if (x1 < 0 || y1 < 0 || x1 >= m->xs || y1 >= m->ys)
         return 0;
-    if (!can_place (m, x0, y0, flag))
+    if (!can_place(m, x0, y0))
         return 0;
-    if (!can_place (m, x1, y1, flag))
+    if (!can_place(m, x1, y1))
         return 0;
     if (x0 == x1 || y0 == y1)
         return 1;
-    if (!can_place (m, x0, y1, flag) || !can_place (m, x1, y0, flag))
+    if (!can_place(m, x0, y1) || !can_place(m, x1, y0))
         return 0;
     return 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * (x0,y0)�ら(dx,dy)方��countセル分
- * ��飛������座標を所得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int path_blownpos (int m, int x0, int y0, int dx, int dy, int count)
-{
-    struct map_data *md;
-
-    if (!map[m].gat)
-        return -1;
-    md = &map[m];
-
-    if (count > 15)
-    {                           // 最大10マス�制�
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("path_blownpos: count too many %d !\n", count);
-        count = 15;
-    }
-    if (dx > 1 || dx < -1 || dy > 1 || dy < -1)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("path_blownpos: illeagal dx=%d or dy=%d !\n", dx, dy);
-        dx = (dx >= 0) ? 1 : ((dx < 0) ? -1 : 0);
-        dy = (dy >= 0) ? 1 : ((dy < 0) ? -1 : 0);
-    }
-
-    while ((count--) > 0 && (dx != 0 || dy != 0))
-    {
-        if (!can_move (md, x0, y0, x0 + dx, y0 + dy, 0))
-        {
-            int  fx = (dx != 0 && can_move (md, x0, y0, x0 + dx, y0, 0));
-            int  fy = (dy != 0 && can_move (md, x0, y0, x0, y0 + dy, 0));
-            if (fx && fy)
-            {
-                if (rand () & 1)
-                    dx = 0;
-                else
-                    dy = 0;
-            }
-            if (!fx)
-                dx = 0;
-            if (!fy)
-                dy = 0;
-        }
-        x0 += dx;
-        y0 += dy;
-    }
-    return (x0 << 16) | y0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * path探索 (x0,y0)->(x1,y1)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int path_search (struct walkpath_data *wpd, int m, int x0, int y0, int x1,
-                 int y1, int flag)
+int path_search(struct walkpath_data *wpd, int m, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1, int flag)
 {
-    int  heap[MAX_HEAP + 1];
+    int heap[MAX_HEAP + 1];
     struct tmp_path tp[MAX_WALKPATH * MAX_WALKPATH];
-    int  i, rp, x, y;
+    int i, rp, x, y;
     struct map_data *md;
-    int  dx, dy;
+    int dx, dy;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, wpd);
+    nullpo_ret(wpd);
 
     if (!map[m].gat)
         return -1;
     md = &map[m];
     if (x1 < 0 || x1 >= md->xs || y1 < 0 || y1 >= md->ys
-        || (i = read_gatp (md, x1, y1)) == 1 || i == 5)
+        || bool(read_gatp(md, x1, y1) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
         return -1;
 
     // easy
@@ -291,30 +239,31 @@ int path_search (struct walkpath_data *wpd, int m, int x0, int y0, int x1,
     dy = (y1 - y0 < 0) ? -1 : 1;
     for (x = x0, y = y0, i = 0; x != x1 || y != y1;)
     {
-        if (i >= sizeof (wpd->path))
+        if (i >= sizeof(wpd->path))
             return -1;
         if (x != x1 && y != y1)
         {
-            if (!can_move (md, x, y, x + dx, y + dy, flag))
+            if (!can_move(md, x, y, x + dx, y + dy))
                 break;
             x += dx;
             y += dy;
-            wpd->path[i++] =
-                (dx < 0) ? ((dy > 0) ? 1 : 3) : ((dy < 0) ? 5 : 7);
+            wpd->path[i++] = (dx < 0)
+                ? ((dy > 0) ? DIR::SW : DIR::NW)
+                : ((dy < 0) ? DIR::NE : DIR::SE);
         }
         else if (x != x1)
         {
-            if (!can_move (md, x, y, x + dx, y, flag))
+            if (!can_move(md, x, y, x + dx, y))
                 break;
             x += dx;
-            wpd->path[i++] = (dx < 0) ? 2 : 6;
+            wpd->path[i++] = (dx < 0) ? DIR::W : DIR::E;
         }
         else
         {                       // y!=y1
-            if (!can_move (md, x, y, x, y + dy, flag))
+            if (!can_move(md, x, y, x, y + dy))
                 break;
             y += dy;
-            wpd->path[i++] = (dy > 0) ? 0 : 4;
+            wpd->path[i++] = (dy > 0) ? DIR::S : DIR::N;
         }
         if (x == x1 && y == y1)
         {
@@ -327,34 +276,34 @@ int path_search (struct walkpath_data *wpd, int m, int x0, int y0, int x1,
     if (flag & 1)
         return -1;
 
-    memset (tp, 0, sizeof (tp));
+    memset(tp, 0, sizeof(tp));
 
-    i = calc_index (x0, y0);
+    i = calc_index(x0, y0);
     tp[i].x = x0;
     tp[i].y = y0;
     tp[i].dist = 0;
-    tp[i].dir = 0;
+    tp[i].dir = DIR::S;
     tp[i].before = 0;
-    tp[i].cost = calc_cost (&tp[i], x1, y1);
+    tp[i].cost = calc_cost(&tp[i], x1, y1);
     tp[i].flag = 0;
     heap[0] = 0;
-    push_heap_path (heap, tp, calc_index (x0, y0));
+    push_heap_path(heap, tp, calc_index(x0, y0));
     while (1)
     {
-        int  e = 0, fromdir;
+        int e = 0;
 
         if (heap[0] == 0)
             return -1;
-        rp = pop_heap_path (heap, tp);
+        rp = pop_heap_path(heap, tp);
         x = tp[rp].x;
         y = tp[rp].y;
         if (x == x1 && y == y1)
         {
-            int  len, j;
+            int len, j;
 
-            for (len = 0, i = rp; len < 100 && i != calc_index (x0, y0);
+            for (len = 0, i = rp; len < 100 && i != calc_index(x0, y0);
                  i = tp[i].before, len++);
-            if (len == 100 || len >= sizeof (wpd->path))
+            if (len == 100 || len >= sizeof(wpd->path))
                 return -1;
             wpd->path_len = len;
             wpd->path_pos = 0;
@@ -364,82 +313,24 @@ int path_search (struct walkpath_data *wpd, int m, int x0, int y0, int x1,
 
             return 0;
         }
-        fromdir = tp[rp].dir;
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x + 1, y - 1, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x + 1, y - 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, 5, rp,
-                           x1, y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x + 1, y, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x + 1, y, tp[rp].dist + 10, 6, rp, x1,
-                           y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x + 1, y + 1, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x + 1, y + 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, 7, rp,
-                           x1, y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x, y + 1, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x, y + 1, tp[rp].dist + 10, 0, rp, x1,
-                           y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x - 1, y + 1, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x - 1, y + 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, 1, rp,
-                           x1, y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x - 1, y, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x - 1, y, tp[rp].dist + 10, 2, rp, x1,
-                           y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x - 1, y - 1, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x - 1, y - 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, 3, rp,
-                           x1, y1);
-        if (can_move (md, x, y, x, y - 1, flag))
-            e += add_path (heap, tp, x, y - 1, tp[rp].dist + 10, 4, rp, x1,
-                           y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x + 1, y - 1))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x + 1, y - 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, DIR::NE, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x + 1, y))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x + 1, y, tp[rp].dist + 10, DIR::E, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x + 1, y + 1))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x + 1, y + 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, DIR::SE, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x, y + 1))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x, y + 1, tp[rp].dist + 10, DIR::S, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x - 1, y + 1))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x - 1, y + 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, DIR::SW, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x - 1, y))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x - 1, y, tp[rp].dist + 10, DIR::W, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x - 1, y - 1))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x - 1, y - 1, tp[rp].dist + 14, DIR::NW, rp, x1, y1);
+        if (can_move(md, x, y, x, y - 1))
+            e += add_path(heap, tp, x, y - 1, tp[rp].dist + 10, DIR::N, rp, x1, y1);
         tp[rp].flag = 1;
         if (e || heap[0] >= MAX_HEAP - 5)
             return -1;
     }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-#ifdef PATH_STANDALONETEST
-char gat[64][64] = {
-    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
-};
-
-struct map_data map[1];
-
-/*==========================================
- * 経路探索ルー�ン�体テスト用main関数
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void main (int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    struct walkpath_data wpd;
-
-    map[0].gat = gat;
-    map[0].xs = 64;
-    map[0].ys = 64;
-
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 3, 4, 5, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 5, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 6, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 7, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 4, 3, 4, 5);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 4, 2, 4, 5);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 4, 1, 4, 5);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 4, 5, 4, 3);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 4, 6, 4, 3);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 4, 7, 4, 3);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 7, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 8, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 9, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 10, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 11, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 12, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 13, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 14, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 15, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 16, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 17, 4, 3, 4);
-    path_search (&wpd, 0, 18, 4, 3, 4);
 }
-#endif
diff --git a/src/map/pc.cpp b/src/map/pc.cpp
index 256244a..a098978 100644
--- a/src/map/pc.cpp
+++ b/src/map/pc.cpp
@@ -1,118 +1,245 @@
-// $Id: pc.c 101 2004-09-25 17:57:22Z Valaris $
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"             // [Valaris]
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
 
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
 
 #include "atcommand.hpp"
 #include "battle.hpp"
 #include "chat.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "magic.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "mob.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
 #include "party.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "script.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
 #include "storage.hpp"
 #include "trade.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#define PVP_CALCRANK_INTERVAL 1000  // PVP順�計算�間隔
+// PVP順�計算�間隔
+constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds PVP_CALCRANK_INTERVAL =
+        std::chrono::seconds(1);
 
 //define it here, since the ifdef only occurs in this file
 #define USE_ASTRAL_SOUL_SKILL
 
-#define STATE_BLIND 0x10
-
 #ifdef USE_ASTRAL_SOUL_SKILL
-#define MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD 200   // [fate] At this threshold, the Astral Soul skill kicks in
+// [fate] At this threshold, the Astral Soul skill kicks in
+constexpr int MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD = 200;
 #endif
 
-#define MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, suffix)	\
-        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "STAT %d %d %d %d %d %d " suffix,            \
-                   sd->status.str, sd->status.agi, sd->status.vit, sd->status.int_, sd->status.dex, sd->status.luk)
-
-#define MAP_LOG_XP(sd, suffix)	\
-        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "XP %d %d JOB %d %d %d ZENY %d + %d " suffix,		\
-                   sd->status.base_level, sd->status.base_exp, sd->status.job_level, sd->status.job_exp, sd->status.skill_point,  sd->status.zeny, pc_readaccountreg(sd, "BankAccount"))
-
-#define MAP_LOG_MAGIC(sd, suffix)	\
-        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "MAGIC %d %d %d %d %d %d EXP %d %d " suffix,	\
-                   sd->status.skill[TMW_MAGIC].lv,                      \
-                   sd->status.skill[TMW_MAGIC_LIFE].lv,			\
-                   sd->status.skill[TMW_MAGIC_WAR].lv,			\
-                   sd->status.skill[TMW_MAGIC_TRANSMUTE].lv,		\
-                   sd->status.skill[TMW_MAGIC_NATURE].lv,               \
-                   sd->status.skill[TMW_MAGIC_ETHER].lv,                \
-                   pc_readglobalreg(sd, "MAGIC_EXPERIENCE") & 0xffff,	\
+#define MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, suffix)       \
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "STAT %d %d %d %d %d %d " suffix,    \
+                sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR],                \
+                sd->status.attrs[ATTR::AGI],                \
+                sd->status.attrs[ATTR::VIT],                \
+                sd->status.attrs[ATTR::INT],                \
+                sd->status.attrs[ATTR::DEX],                \
+                sd->status.attrs[ATTR::LUK])
+
+#define MAP_LOG_XP(sd, suffix)  \
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "XP %d %d JOB %d %d %d ZENY %d + %d " suffix,    \
+                sd->status.base_level, sd->status.base_exp,             \
+                sd->status.job_level, sd->status.job_exp, sd->status.skill_point, \
+                sd->status.zeny, pc_readaccountreg(sd, "BankAccount"))
+
+#define MAP_LOG_MAGIC(sd, suffix)       \
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "MAGIC %d %d %d %d %d %d EXP %d %d " suffix,     \
+                   sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_MAGIC].lv,             \
+                   sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_LIFE].lv,        \
+                   sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_WAR].lv,         \
+                   sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_TRANSMUTE].lv,   \
+                   sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_NATURE].lv,      \
+                   sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_ETHER].lv,       \
+                   pc_readglobalreg(sd, "MAGIC_EXPERIENCE") & 0xffff,   \
                    (pc_readglobalreg(sd, "MAGIC_EXPERIENCE") >> 24) & 0xff)
 
-timer_id day_timer_tid;
-timer_id night_timer_tid;
-
-static int max_weight_base[MAX_PC_CLASS];
-static int hp_coefficient[MAX_PC_CLASS];
-static int hp_coefficient2[MAX_PC_CLASS];
-static int hp_sigma_val[MAX_PC_CLASS][MAX_LEVEL];
-static int sp_coefficient[MAX_PC_CLASS];
-static int aspd_base[MAX_PC_CLASS][20];
-static char job_bonus[3][MAX_PC_CLASS][MAX_LEVEL];
-static int exp_table[14][MAX_LEVEL];
-static char statp[255][7];
-static struct
-{
-    int  id;
-    int  max;
-    struct
-    {
-        short id, lv;
-    } need[6];
-} skill_tree[3][MAX_PC_CLASS][100];
-
-static int atkmods[3][20];      // 武器ATKサイズ修正(size_fix.txt)
-static int refinebonus[5][3];   // 精錬ボーナステーブル(refine_db.txt)
-static int percentrefinery[5][10];  // 精錬�功率(refine_db.txt)
-
-static int dirx[8] = { 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
-static int diry[8] = { 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1 };
-
-static unsigned int equip_pos[11] =
-    { 0x0080, 0x0008, 0x0040, 0x0004, 0x0001, 0x0200, 0x0100, 0x0010, 0x0020,
-    0x0002, 0x8000
+static //const
+int max_weight_base_0 = 20000;
+static //const
+int hp_coefficient_0 = 0;
+static //const
+int hp_coefficient2_0 = 500;
+// TODO see if this can be turned into an "as-needed" formula
+static
+int hp_sigma_val_0[MAX_LEVEL];
+static //const
+int sp_coefficient_0 = 100;
+
+// coefficients for each weapon type
+// (not all used)
+static //const
+earray<interval_t, ItemLook, ItemLook::SINGLE_HANDED_COUNT> aspd_base_0 //=
+{{
+std::chrono::milliseconds(650),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(700),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(750),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(600),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(800),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(700),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(700),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(650),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(900),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+std::chrono::milliseconds(2000),
+}};
+static const
+int exp_table_0[MAX_LEVEL] =
+{
+    // 1 .. 9
+                9,          16,         25,         36,
+    77,         112,        153,        200,        253,
+    // 10 .. 19
+    320,        385,        490,        585,        700,
+    830,        970,        1120,       1260,       1420,
+    // 20 .. 29
+    1620,       1860,       1990,       2240,       2504,
+    2950,       3426,       3934,       4474,       6889,
+    // 30 .. 39
+    7995,       9174,       10425,      11748,      13967,
+    15775,      17678,      19677,      21773,      30543,
+    // 40 .. 49
+    34212,      38065,      42102,      46323,      53026,
+    58419,      64041,      69892,      75973,      102468,
+    // 50 .. 59
+    115254,     128692,     142784,     157528,     178184,
+    196300,     215198,     234879,     255341,     330188,
+    // 60 .. 69
+    365914,     403224,     442116,     482590,     536948,
+    585191,     635278,     687211,     740988,     925400,
+    // 70 .. 79
+    1473746,    1594058,    1718928,    1848355,    1982340,
+    2230113,    2386162,    2547417,    2713878,    3206160,
+    // 80 .. 89
+    3681024,    4022472,    4377024,    4744680,    5125440,
+    5767272,    6204000,    6655464,    7121664,    7602600,
+    // 90 .. 99
+    9738720,    11649960,   13643520,   18339300,   23836800,
+    35658000,   48687000,   58135000,   99999999,   0,
+};
+// is this *actually* used anywhere?
+static const
+int exp_table_7[MAX_LEVEL] =
+{
+    // 1 .. 9
+        10, 18, 28, 40, 91, 151, 205, 268, 340
+};
+// TODO generate this table instead
+static int stat_p[MAX_LEVEL] =
+{
+    // 1..9
+        48, 52, 56, 60,         64, 69, 74, 79, 84,
+    // 10..19
+    90, 96, 102,108,115,        122,129,136,144,152,
+    // 20..29
+    160,168,177,186,195,        204,214,224,234,244,
+    // 30..39
+    255,266,277,288,300,        312,324,336,349,362,
+    // 40..49
+    375,388,402,416,430,        444,459,474,489,504,
+    // 50..59
+    520,536,552,568,585,        602,619,636,654,672,
+    // 60..69
+    690,708,727,746,765,        784,804,824,844,864,
+    // 70..79
+    885,906,927,948,970,        992,1014,1036,1059,1082,
+    // 80..89
+    1105,1128,1152,1176,1200,   1224,1249,1274,1299,1324,
+    // 90..99
+    1350,1376,1402,1428,1455,   1482,1509,1536,1564,1592,
+    // 100..109
+    1620,1648,1677,1706,1735,   1764,1794,1824,1854,1884,
+    // 110..119
+    1915,1946,1977,2008,2040,   2072,2104,2136,2169,2202,
+    // 120..129
+    2235,2268,2302,2336,2370,   2404,2439,2474,2509,2544,
+    // 130..139
+    2580,2616,2652,2688,2725,   2762,2799,2836,2874,2912,
+    // 140..149
+    2950,2988,3027,3066,3105,   3144,3184,3224,3264,3304,
+    // 150..159
+    3345,3386,3427,3468,3510,   3552,3594,3636,3679,3722,
+    // 160..169
+    3765,3808,3852,3896,3940,   3984,4029,4074,4119,4164,
+    // 170..179
+    4210,4256,4302,4348,4395,   4442,4489,4536,4584,4632,
+    // 180..189
+    4680,4728,4777,4826,4875,   4924,4974,5024,5074,5124,
+    // 190..199
+    5175,5226,5277,5328,5380,   5432,5484,5536,5589,5642,
+    // 200..209
+    5695,5748,5802,5856,5910,   5964,6019,6074,6129,6184,
+    // 210..219
+    6240,6296,6352,6408,6465,   6522,6579,6636,6694,6752,
+    // 220..229
+    6810,6868,6927,6986,7045,   7104,7164,7224,7284,7344,
+    // 230..239
+    7405,7466,7527,7588,7650,   7712,7774,7836,7899,7962,
+    // 240..249
+    8025,8088,8152,8216,8280,   8344,8409,8474,8539,8604,
+    // 250..255
+    8670,8736,8802,8868,8935,   9002,
 };
 
-//static struct dbt *gm_account_db;
-static struct gm_account *gm_account = NULL;
-static int GM_num = 0;
+static
+earray<EPOS, EQUIP, EQUIP::COUNT> equip_pos //=
+{{
+    EPOS::MISC2,
+    EPOS::CAPE,
+    EPOS::SHOES,
+    EPOS::GLOVES,
+    EPOS::LEGS,
+    EPOS::TORSO,
+    EPOS::HAT,
+    EPOS::MISC1,
+    EPOS::SHIELD,
+    EPOS::WEAPON,
+    EPOS::ARROW,
+}};
 
-int pc_isGM (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+struct gm_account *gm_account = NULL;
+static
+int GM_num = 0;
+
+static
+int pc_checkoverhp(struct map_session_data *sd);
+static
+int pc_checkoversp(struct map_session_data *sd);
+static
+int pc_nextbaseafter(struct map_session_data *sd);
+static
+int pc_nextjobafter(struct map_session_data *sd);
+static
+void pc_setdead(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-//  struct gm_account *p;
-    int  i;
+    sd->state.dead_sit = 1;
+}
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+int pc_isGM(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+    int i;
 
-/*	p = numdb_search(gm_account_db, sd->status.account_id);
-	if (p == NULL)
-		return 0;
-	return p->level;*/
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < GM_num; i++)
         if (gm_account[i].account_id == sd->status.account_id)
@@ -121,17 +248,17 @@ int pc_isGM (struct map_session_data *sd)
 
 }
 
-int pc_iskiller (struct map_session_data *src,
+int pc_iskiller(struct map_session_data *src,
                  struct map_session_data *target)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
+    nullpo_ret(src);
 
-    if (src->bl.type != BL_PC)
+    if (src->bl.type != BL::PC)
         return 0;
     if (src->special_state.killer)
         return 1;
 
-    if (target->bl.type != BL_PC)
+    if (target->bl.type != BL::PC)
         return 0;
     if (target->special_state.killable)
         return 1;
@@ -139,9 +266,9 @@ int pc_iskiller (struct map_session_data *src,
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_set_gm_level (int account_id, int level)
+int pc_set_gm_level(int account_id, int level)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < GM_num; i++)
     {
         if (account_id == gm_account[i].account_id)
@@ -152,189 +279,56 @@ int pc_set_gm_level (int account_id, int level)
     }
 
     GM_num++;
-    RECREATE (gm_account, struct gm_account, GM_num);
+    RECREATE(gm_account, struct gm_account, GM_num);
     gm_account[GM_num - 1].account_id = account_id;
     gm_account[GM_num - 1].level = level;
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_getrefinebonus (int lv, int type)
-{
-    if (lv >= 0 && lv < 5 && type >= 0 && type < 3)
-        return refinebonus[lv][type];
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int distance (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
+static
+int distance(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
 {
-    int  dx, dy;
+    int dx, dy;
 
-    dx = abs (x0 - x1);
-    dy = abs (y0 - y1);
+    dx = abs(x0 - x1);
+    dy = abs(y0 - y1);
     return dx > dy ? dx : dy;
 }
 
-static void pc_invincible_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    if ((sd = (struct map_session_data *) map_id2sd (id)) == NULL
-        || sd->bl.type != BL_PC)
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != tid)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("invincible_timer %d != %d\n", sd->invincible_timer, tid);
-        return;
-    }
-    sd->invincible_timer = -1;
-}
-
-int pc_setinvincibletimer (struct map_session_data *sd, int val)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-        delete_timer (sd->invincible_timer, pc_invincible_timer);
-    sd->invincible_timer =
-        add_timer (gettick () + val, pc_invincible_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int pc_delinvincibletimer (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->invincible_timer != -1)
-    {
-        delete_timer (sd->invincible_timer, pc_invincible_timer);
-        sd->invincible_timer = -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void pc_spiritball_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void pc_invincible_timer(TimerData *, tick_t, int id)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(id);
 
-    if ((sd = (struct map_session_data *) map_id2sd (id)) == NULL
-        || sd->bl.type != BL_PC)
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->spirit_timer[0] != tid)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("spirit_timer %d != %d\n", sd->spirit_timer[0], tid);
-        return;
-    }
-    sd->spirit_timer[0] = -1;
-    for (i = 1; i < sd->spiritball; i++)
-    {
-        sd->spirit_timer[i - 1] = sd->spirit_timer[i];
-        sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
-    }
-    sd->spiritball--;
-    if (sd->spiritball < 0)
-        sd->spiritball = 0;
-    clif_spiritball (sd);
+    assert (sd != NULL);
+    assert (sd->bl.type == BL::PC);
 }
 
-int pc_addspiritball (struct map_session_data *sd, int interval, int max)
+int pc_setinvincibletimer(struct map_session_data *sd, interval_t val)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (max > MAX_SKILL_LEVEL)
-        max = MAX_SKILL_LEVEL;
-    if (sd->spiritball < 0)
-        sd->spiritball = 0;
-
-    if (sd->spiritball >= max)
-    {
-        if (sd->spirit_timer[0] != -1)
-        {
-            delete_timer (sd->spirit_timer[0], pc_spiritball_timer);
-            sd->spirit_timer[0] = -1;
-        }
-        for (i = 1; i < max; i++)
-        {
-            sd->spirit_timer[i - 1] = sd->spirit_timer[i];
-            sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        sd->spiritball++;
-
-    sd->spirit_timer[sd->spiritball - 1] =
-        add_timer (gettick () + interval, pc_spiritball_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
-    clif_spiritball (sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
+    sd->invincible_timer = Timer(gettick() + val,
+            std::bind(pc_invincible_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                sd->bl.id));
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_delspiritball (struct map_session_data *sd, int count, int type)
+int pc_delinvincibletimer(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->spiritball <= 0)
-    {
-        sd->spiritball = 0;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (count > sd->spiritball)
-        count = sd->spiritball;
-    sd->spiritball -= count;
-    if (count > MAX_SKILL_LEVEL)
-        count = MAX_SKILL_LEVEL;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->spirit_timer[i] != -1)
-        {
-            delete_timer (sd->spirit_timer[i], pc_spiritball_timer);
-            sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
-        }
-    }
-    for (i = count; i < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; i++)
-    {
-        sd->spirit_timer[i - count] = sd->spirit_timer[i];
-        sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
-    }
-
-    if (!type)
-        clif_spiritball (sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
+    sd->invincible_timer.cancel();
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_setrestartvalue (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_setrestartvalue(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    //-----------------------
-    // 死亡��
-    if (sd->special_state.restart_full_recover)
-    {                           // オシリスカード
-        sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
-        sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-    }
-    else
     {
-        if (s_class.job == 0 && battle_config.restart_hp_rate < 50)
-        {                       //ノビ��分回復
+        if (battle_config.restart_hp_rate < 50)
             sd->status.hp = (sd->status.max_hp) / 2;
-        }
         else
         {
             if (battle_config.restart_hp_rate <= 0)
@@ -349,31 +343,16 @@ int pc_setrestartvalue (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
         }
         if (battle_config.restart_sp_rate > 0)
         {
-            int  sp = sd->status.max_sp * battle_config.restart_sp_rate / 100;
+            int sp = sd->status.max_sp * battle_config.restart_sp_rate / 100;
             if (sd->status.sp < sp)
                 sd->status.sp = sp;
         }
     }
     if (type & 1)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
     if (type & 1)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-
-    /* removed exp penalty on spawn [Valaris] */
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
 
-    if (type & 2 && sd->status.pc_class != 0 && battle_config.zeny_penalty > 0
-        && !map[sd->bl.m].flag.nozenypenalty)
-    {
-        int  zeny =
-            (int) ((double) sd->status.zeny *
-                   (double) battle_config.zeny_penalty / 10000.);
-        if (zeny < 1)
-            zeny = 1;
-        sd->status.zeny -= zeny;
-        if (sd->status.zeny < 0)
-            sd->status.zeny = 0;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
-    }
     sd->heal_xp = 0;            // [Fate] Set gainable xp for healing this player to 0
 
     return 0;
@@ -383,49 +362,38 @@ int pc_setrestartvalue (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * 自分をロック���るMOB�数を数�る(foreachclient)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int pc_counttargeted_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+static
+void pc_counttargeted_sub(struct block_list *bl,
+        int id, int *c, struct block_list *src, ATK target_lv)
 {
-    int  id, *c, target_lv;
-    struct block_list *src;
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    id = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-
-    src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *);
-    target_lv = va_arg (ap, int);
     if (id == bl->id || (src && id == src->id))
-        return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+        return;
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        if (sd && sd->attacktarget == id && sd->attacktimer != -1
+        if (sd->attacktarget == id && sd->attacktimer
             && sd->attacktarget_lv >= target_lv)
             (*c)++;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-        if (md && md->target_id == id && md->timer != -1
-            && md->state.state == MS_ATTACK && md->target_lv >= target_lv)
+        if (md->target_id == id && md->timer
+            && md->state.state == MS::ATTACK && md->target_lv >= target_lv)
 
             (*c)++;
-        //printf("md->target_lv:%d, target_lv:%d\n",((struct mob_data *)bl)->target_lv,target_lv);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_counttargeted (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *src,
-                      int target_lv)
+int pc_counttargeted(struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *src,
+        ATK target_lv)
 {
-    int  c = 0;
-    map_foreachinarea (pc_counttargeted_sub, sd->bl.m,
-                       sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
-                       sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, 0,
-                       sd->bl.id, &c, src, target_lv);
+    int c = 0;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(pc_counttargeted_sub, ph::_1, sd->bl.id, &c, src, target_lv),
+            sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
+            sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, BL::NUL);
     return c;
 }
 
@@ -433,30 +401,31 @@ int pc_counttargeted (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *src,
  * ローカルプロトタイプ宣言 (必��物��)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int pc_walktoxy_sub (struct map_session_data *);
+static
+int pc_walktoxy_sub(struct map_session_data *);
 
 /*==========================================
  * save�必��ステータス修正を行��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_makesavestatus (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_makesavestatus(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     // ��色�色々弊害�多����存対象�����
     if (!battle_config.save_clothcolor)
         sd->status.clothes_color = 0;
 
     // 死亡状態�����hpを1��置をセーブ場所�変更
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
     {
-        pc_setrestartvalue (sd, 0);
-        memcpy (&sd->status.last_point, &sd->status.save_point,
-                sizeof (sd->status.last_point));
+        pc_setrestartvalue(sd, 0);
+        memcpy(&sd->status.last_point, &sd->status.save_point,
+                sizeof(sd->status.last_point));
     }
     else
     {
-        memcpy (sd->status.last_point.map, sd->mapname, 24);
+        memcpy(sd->status.last_point.map, sd->mapname, 24);
         sd->status.last_point.x = sd->bl.x;
         sd->status.last_point.y = sd->bl.y;
     }
@@ -465,17 +434,14 @@ int pc_makesavestatus (struct map_session_data *sd)
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nosave)
     {
         struct map_data *m = &map[sd->bl.m];
-        if (strcmp (m->save.map, "SavePoint") == 0)
-            memcpy (&sd->status.last_point, &sd->status.save_point,
-                    sizeof (sd->status.last_point));
+        if (strcmp(m->save.map, "SavePoint") == 0)
+            memcpy(&sd->status.last_point, &sd->status.save_point,
+                    sizeof(sd->status.last_point));
         else
-            memcpy (&sd->status.last_point, &m->save,
-                    sizeof (sd->status.last_point));
+            memcpy(&sd->status.last_point, &m->save,
+                    sizeof(sd->status.last_point));
     }
 
-    //マナー�イント�プラス���場�0�
-    if (battle_config.muting_players && sd->status.manner > 0)
-        sd->status.manner = 0;
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -483,10 +449,10 @@ int pc_makesavestatus (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * 接続時��期化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setnewpc (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int char_id,
-                 int login_id1, int client_tick, int sex, int fd)
+int pc_setnewpc(struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int char_id,
+        int login_id1, tick_t client_tick, int sex)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     sd->bl.id = account_id;
     sd->char_id = char_id;
@@ -495,76 +461,78 @@ int pc_setnewpc (struct map_session_data *sd, int account_id, int char_id,
     sd->client_tick = client_tick;
     sd->sex = sex;
     sd->state.auth = 0;
-    sd->bl.type = BL_PC;
-    sd->canact_tick = sd->canmove_tick = gettick ();
-    sd->canlog_tick = gettick ();
+    sd->bl.type = BL::PC;
+    sd->canact_tick = sd->canmove_tick = gettick();
+    sd->canlog_tick = gettick();
     sd->state.waitingdisconnect = 0;
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_equippoint (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
+EPOS pc_equippoint(struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
 {
-    int  ep = 0;
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(EPOS::ZERO, sd);
 
     if (!sd->inventory_data[n])
-        return 0;
+        return EPOS::ZERO;
 
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-
-    ep = sd->inventory_data[n]->equip;
-    if ((sd->inventory_data[n]->look == 1 || sd->inventory_data[n]->look == 2
-         || sd->inventory_data[n]->look == 6) && (ep == 2
-                                                  &&
-                                                  (pc_checkskill (sd, AS_LEFT)
-                                                   > 0 || s_class.job == 12)))
-    {
-        return 34;
-    }
+    EPOS ep = sd->inventory_data[n]->equip;
 
     return ep;
 }
 
 static
-int pc_setinventorydata (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_setinventorydata(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, id;
+    int i, id;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         id = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-        sd->inventory_data[i] = itemdb_search (id);
+        sd->inventory_data[i] = itemdb_search(id);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int pc_calcweapontype (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_calcweapontype(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->weapontype1 != 0 && sd->weapontype2 == 0)
+    if (sd->weapontype1 != ItemLook::NONE
+            && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::NONE)
         sd->status.weapon = sd->weapontype1;
-    if (sd->weapontype1 == 0 && sd->weapontype2 != 0)   // 左手武器 Only
+    if (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::NONE
+            && sd->weapontype2 != ItemLook::NONE)
         sd->status.weapon = sd->weapontype2;
-    else if (sd->weapontype1 == 1 && sd->weapontype2 == 1)  // �短剣
-        sd->status.weapon = 0x11;
-    else if (sd->weapontype1 == 2 && sd->weapontype2 == 2)  // ��手剣
-        sd->status.weapon = 0x12;
-    else if (sd->weapontype1 == 6 && sd->weapontype2 == 6)  // ��手斧
-        sd->status.weapon = 0x13;
-    else if ((sd->weapontype1 == 1 && sd->weapontype2 == 2) || (sd->weapontype1 == 2 && sd->weapontype2 == 1))  // 短剣 - �手剣
-        sd->status.weapon = 0x14;
-    else if ((sd->weapontype1 == 1 && sd->weapontype2 == 6) || (sd->weapontype1 == 6 && sd->weapontype2 == 1))  // 短剣 - 斧
-        sd->status.weapon = 0x15;
-    else if ((sd->weapontype1 == 2 && sd->weapontype2 == 6) || (sd->weapontype1 == 6 && sd->weapontype2 == 2))  // �手剣 - 斧
-        sd->status.weapon = 0x16;
+    else if (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::BLADE
+            && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::BLADE)
+        sd->status.weapon = ItemLook::DUAL_BLADE;
+    else if (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::_2
+            && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::_2)
+        sd->status.weapon = ItemLook::DUAL_2;
+    else if (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::_6
+            && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::_6)
+        sd->status.weapon = ItemLook::DUAL_6;
+    else if ((sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::BLADE
+                && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::_2)
+            || (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::_2
+                && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::BLADE))
+        sd->status.weapon = ItemLook::DUAL_12;
+    else if (
+            (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::BLADE
+                && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::_6)
+            || (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::_6
+                && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::BLADE))
+        sd->status.weapon = ItemLook::DUAL_16;
+    else if (
+            (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::_2
+                && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::_6)
+            || (sd->weapontype1 == ItemLook::_6
+                && sd->weapontype2 == ItemLook::_2))
+        sd->status.weapon = ItemLook::DUAL_26;
     else
         sd->status.weapon = sd->weapontype1;
 
@@ -572,69 +540,67 @@ int pc_calcweapontype (struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 static
-int pc_setequipindex (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_setequipindex(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, j;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
         sd->equip_index[i] = -1;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid <= 0)
             continue;
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip))
         {
-            for (j = 0; j < 11; j++)
-                if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip & equip_pos[j])
+            for (EQUIP j : EQUIPs)
+                if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip & equip_pos[j]))
                     sd->equip_index[j] = i;
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0002)
+            if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip & EPOS::WEAPON))
             {
                 if (sd->inventory_data[i])
                     sd->weapontype1 = sd->inventory_data[i]->look;
                 else
-                    sd->weapontype1 = 0;
+                    sd->weapontype1 = ItemLook::NONE;
             }
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0020)
+            if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip & EPOS::SHIELD))
             {
                 if (sd->inventory_data[i])
                 {
-                    if (sd->inventory_data[i]->type == 4)
+                    if (sd->inventory_data[i]->type == ItemType::WEAPON)
                     {
-                        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip == 0x0020)
+                        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip == EPOS::SHIELD)
                             sd->weapontype2 = sd->inventory_data[i]->look;
                         else
-                            sd->weapontype2 = 0;
+                            sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
                     }
                     else
-                        sd->weapontype2 = 0;
+                        sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
                 }
                 else
-                    sd->weapontype2 = 0;
+                    sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
             }
         }
     }
-    pc_calcweapontype (sd);
+    pc_calcweapontype(sd);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_isequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
+static
+int pc_isequip(struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
 {
     struct item_data *item;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
     //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     item = sd->inventory_data[n];
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (&sd->bl);
-    //s_class = pc_calc_base_job(sd->status.class);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(&sd->bl);
 
     if (battle_config.gm_allequip > 0
-        && pc_isGM (sd) >= battle_config.gm_allequip)
+        && pc_isGM(sd) >= battle_config.gm_allequip)
         return 1;
 
     if (item == NULL)
@@ -647,179 +613,69 @@ int pc_isequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp
         && (item->flag.no_equip == 1 || item->flag.no_equip == 3))
         return 0;
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg
-        && (item->flag.no_equip == 2 || item->flag.no_equip == 3))
-        return 0;
-    if (item->equip & 0x0002 && sc_data
-        && sc_data[SC_STRIPWEAPON].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-    if (item->equip & 0x0020 && sc_data
-        && sc_data[SC_STRIPSHIELD].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-    if (item->equip & 0x0010 && sc_data && sc_data[SC_STRIPARMOR].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-    if (item->equip & 0x0100 && sc_data && sc_data[SC_STRIPHELM].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
     return 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Weapon Breaking [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_breakweapon (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct item_data *item;
-    char output[255];
-    int  i;
-
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    if (sd->unbreakable >= MRAND (100))
-        return 0;
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_CP_WEAPON].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0002
-            && !sd->status.inventory[i].broken)
-        {
-            item = sd->inventory_data[i];
-            sd->status.inventory[i].broken = 1;
-            //pc_unequipitem(sd,i,0);
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip
-                && sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0002
-                && sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            {
-                sprintf (output, "%s has broken.", item->jname);
-                clif_emotion (&sd->bl, 23);
-                clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, output);
-                clif_equiplist (sd);
-                skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNWEAPON, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           0, 0, 0);
-            }
-        }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Armor Breaking [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_breakarmor (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct item_data *item;
-    char output[255];
-    int  i;
-
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    if (sd->unbreakable >= MRAND (100))
-        return 0;
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_CP_ARMOR].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0010
-            && !sd->status.inventory[i].broken)
-        {
-            item = sd->inventory_data[i];
-            sd->status.inventory[i].broken = 1;
-            //pc_unequipitem(sd,i,0);
-            if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip
-                && sd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0010
-                && sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            {
-                sprintf (output, "%s has broken.", item->jname);
-                clif_emotion (&sd->bl, 23);
-                clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, output);
-                clif_equiplist (sd);
-                skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNARMOR, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           0, 0);
-            }
-        }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            return 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * session id��題無�
  * char鯖�ら�られ���ステータスを設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_authok (int id, int login_id2, time_t connect_until_time,
-               short tmw_version, struct mmo_charstatus *st)
+int pc_authok(int id, int login_id2, TimeT connect_until_time,
+               short tmw_version, const struct mmo_charstatus *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
     struct party *p;
-    struct guild *g;
-    unsigned long tick = gettick ();
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
     struct sockaddr_in sai;
     socklen_t sa_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(id);
     if (sd == NULL)
         return 1;
 
     sd->login_id2 = login_id2;
     sd->tmw_version = tmw_version;
 
-    memcpy (&sd->status, st, sizeof (*st));
+    memcpy(&sd->status, st, sizeof(*st));
 
     if (sd->status.sex != sd->sex)
     {
-        clif_authfail_fd (sd->fd, 0);
+        clif_authfail_fd(sd->fd, 0);
         return 1;
     }
 
-    MAP_LOG_STATS (sd, "LOGIN");
-    MAP_LOG_XP (sd, "LOGIN");
-    MAP_LOG_MAGIC (sd, "LOGIN");
+    MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, "LOGIN");
+    MAP_LOG_XP(sd, "LOGIN");
+    MAP_LOG_MAGIC(sd, "LOGIN");
 
-    memset (&sd->state, 0, sizeof (sd->state));
+    memset(&sd->state, 0, sizeof(sd->state));
     // 基本的��期化
     sd->state.connect_new = 1;
     sd->bl.prev = sd->bl.next = NULL;
 
-    sd->weapontype1 = sd->weapontype2 = 0;
-    sd->view_class = sd->status.pc_class;
+    sd->weapontype1 = sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
     sd->speed = DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED;
     sd->state.dead_sit = 0;
-    sd->dir = 0;
-    sd->head_dir = 0;
+    sd->dir = DIR::S;
+    sd->head_dir = DIR::S;
     sd->state.auth = 1;
-    sd->walktimer = -1;
-    sd->attacktimer = -1;
-    sd->followtimer = -1;       // [MouseJstr]
-    sd->skilltimer = -1;
-    sd->skillitem = -1;
-    sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-    sd->invincible_timer = -1;
+    // sd->walktimer = nullptr;
+    // sd->attacktimer = nullptr;
+    // sd->invincible_timer = nullptr;
     sd->sg_count = 0;
 
     sd->deal_locked = 0;
     sd->trade_partner = 0;
 
-    sd->inchealhptick = 0;
-    sd->inchealsptick = 0;
-    sd->hp_sub = 0;
-    sd->sp_sub = 0;
+    sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
+    sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
+    sd->hp_sub = interval_t::zero();
+    sd->sp_sub = interval_t::zero();
     sd->quick_regeneration_hp.amount = 0;
     sd->quick_regeneration_sp.amount = 0;
     sd->heal_xp = 0;
-    sd->inchealspirithptick = 0;
-    sd->inchealspiritsptick = 0;
     sd->canact_tick = tick;
     sd->canmove_tick = tick;
     sd->attackabletime = tick;
@@ -827,17 +683,13 @@ int pc_authok (int id, int login_id2, time_t connect_until_time,
     // Removed because it was buggy with the ~50 day wraparound,
     // and there's already a limit on how fast you can log in and log out.
     // -o11c
+    //
+    // The above is no longer accurate now that we use <chrono>, but
+    // I'm still not reverting this.
+    // -o11c
     sd->cast_tick = tick; // + pc_readglobalreg (sd, "MAGIC_CAST_TICK");
 
-    sd->doridori_counter = 0;
-
-    sd->spiritball = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; i++)
-        sd->spirit_timer[i] = -1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SKILLTIMERSKILL; i++)
-        sd->skilltimerskill[i].timer = -1;
-
-    memset (&sd->dev, 0, sizeof (struct square));
+    memset(&sd->dev, 0, sizeof(struct square));
     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
     {
         sd->dev.val1[i] = 0;
@@ -845,32 +697,23 @@ int pc_authok (int id, int login_id2, time_t connect_until_time,
     }
 
     // アカウント変数��信�求
-    intif_request_accountreg (sd);
+    intif_request_accountreg(sd);
 
     // アイテム�ェック
-    pc_setinventorydata (sd);
-    pc_checkitem (sd);
+    pc_setinventorydata(sd);
+    pc_checkitem(sd);
 
     // ステータス異常��期化
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STATUSCHANGE; i++)
+    for (StatusChange i : erange(StatusChange(), StatusChange::MAX_STATUSCHANGE))
     {
-        sd->sc_data[i].timer = -1;
-        sd->sc_data[i].val1 = sd->sc_data[i].val2 = sd->sc_data[i].val3 =
-            sd->sc_data[i].val4 = 0;
+        // sd->sc_data[i].timer = nullptr;
+        sd->sc_data[i].val1 = 0;
     }
     sd->sc_count = 0;
-    if ((battle_config.atc_gmonly == 0 || pc_isGM (sd)) &&
-        (pc_isGM (sd) >= get_atcommand_level (AtCommand_Hide)))
-        sd->status.option &= (OPTION_MASK | OPTION_HIDE);
-    else
-        sd->status.option &= OPTION_MASK;
-
-    // スキルユニット関係��期化
-    memset (sd->skillunit, 0, sizeof (sd->skillunit));
-    memset (sd->skillunittick, 0, sizeof (sd->skillunittick));
+    sd->status.option = Option::ZERO;
 
     // init ignore list
-    memset (sd->ignore, 0, sizeof (sd->ignore));
+    memset(sd->ignore, 0, sizeof(sd->ignore));
 
     // パーティー関係��期化
     sd->party_sended = 0;
@@ -879,73 +722,58 @@ int pc_authok (int id, int login_id2, time_t connect_until_time,
     sd->party_y = -1;
     sd->party_hp = -1;
 
-    // ギルド関係��期化
-    sd->guild_sended = 0;
-    sd->guild_invite = 0;
-    sd->guild_alliance = 0;
-
     // イベント関係��期化
-    memset (sd->eventqueue, 0, sizeof (sd->eventqueue));
+    memset(sd->eventqueue, 0, sizeof(sd->eventqueue));
     for (int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        sd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
+    {
+        // sd->eventtimer[i] = nullptr;
+    }
+
 
     // �置�設定
-    pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.last_point.map, sd->status.last_point.x,
-               sd->status.last_point.y, 0);
+    pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.last_point.map, sd->status.last_point.x,
+               sd->status.last_point.y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
 
     // パーティ�ギルドデータ��求
     if (sd->status.party_id > 0
-        && (p = party_search (sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
-        party_request_info (sd->status.party_id);
-    if (sd->status.guild_id > 0
-        && (g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-        guild_request_info (sd->status.guild_id);
+        && (p = party_search(sd->status.party_id)) == NULL)
+        party_request_info(sd->status.party_id);
 
     // pvp�設定
     sd->pvp_rank = 0;
     sd->pvp_point = 0;
-    sd->pvp_timer = -1;
+    // sd->pvp_timer = nullptr;
 
     // 通知
 
-    clif_authok (sd);
-    map_addnickdb (sd);
-    if (map_charid2nick (sd->status.char_id) == NULL)
-        map_addchariddb (sd->status.char_id, sd->status.name);
+    clif_authok(sd);
+    map_addnickdb(sd);
+    if (map_charid2nick(sd->status.char_id) == NULL)
+        map_addchariddb(sd->status.char_id, sd->status.name);
 
     //スパノビ用死�カウンター�スクリプト変数�ら�読�出��sd��セット
-    sd->die_counter = pc_readglobalreg (sd, "PC_DIE_COUNTER");
-
-    if (night_flag == 1)
-    {
-        char tmpstr[1024];
-        strcpy (tmpstr, "Actually, it's the night...");
-        clif_wis_message (sd->fd, wisp_server_name, tmpstr,
-                          strlen (tmpstr) + 1);
-        sd->opt2 |= STATE_BLIND;
-    }
+    sd->die_counter = pc_readglobalreg(sd, "PC_DIE_COUNTER");
 
     // ステータス�期計算��
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 1);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 1);
 
-    if (pc_isGM (sd))
+    if (pc_isGM(sd))
     {
-        printf
-            ("Connection accepted: character '%s' (account: %d; GM level %d).\n",
-             sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id, pc_isGM (sd));
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_GM);
+        PRINTF("Connection accepted: character '%s' (account: %d; GM level %d).\n",
+             sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id, pc_isGM(sd));
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::GM);
     }
     else
-        printf ("Connection accepted: Character '%s' (account: %d).\n",
+        PRINTF("Connection accepted: Character '%s' (account: %d).\n",
                 sd->status.name, sd->status.account_id);
 
     // Message of the Day��信
     {
         char buf[256];
         FILE *fp;
-        if ((fp = fopen_ (motd_txt, "r")) != NULL)
+        if ((fp = fopen_(motd_txt, "r")) != NULL)
         {
-            while (fgets (buf, sizeof (buf) - 1, fp) != NULL)
+            while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, fp) != NULL)
             {
                 for (int i = 0; buf[i]; i++)
                 {
@@ -955,35 +783,38 @@ int pc_authok (int id, int login_id2, time_t connect_until_time,
                         break;
                     }
                 }
-                clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, buf);
+                clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, buf);
             }
-            fclose_ (fp);
+            fclose_(fp);
         }
     }
 
     sd->auto_ban_info.in_progress = 0;
 
     // Initialize antispam vars
-    sd->chat_reset_due = sd->chat_lines_in = sd->chat_total_repeats =
-        sd->chat_repeat_reset_due = 0;
+    sd->chat_reset_due = TimeT();
+    sd->chat_lines_in = sd->chat_total_repeats = 0;
+    sd->chat_repeat_reset_due = TimeT();
     sd->chat_lastmsg[0] = '\0';
 
     memset(sd->flood_rates, 0, sizeof(sd->flood_rates));
-    sd->packet_flood_reset_due = sd->packet_flood_in = 0;
+    sd->packet_flood_reset_due = TimeT();
+    sd->packet_flood_in = 0;
 
     // Obtain IP address (if they are still connected)
     if (!getpeername(sd->fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sai, &sa_len))
         sd->ip = sai.sin_addr;
 
     // message of the limited time of the account
-    if (connect_until_time != 0)
-    {                           // don't display if it's unlimited or unknow value
-        char tmpstr[1024];
-        strftime (tmpstr, sizeof (tmpstr) - 1, "Your account time limit is: %d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S.", gmtime (&connect_until_time));
-        clif_wis_message (sd->fd, wisp_server_name, tmpstr,
-                          strlen (tmpstr) + 1);
+    if (connect_until_time)
+    {
+        // don't display if it's unlimited or unknow value
+        char tmpstr[] = WITH_TIMESTAMP("Your account time limit is: ");
+        REPLACE_TIMESTAMP(tmpstr, connect_until_time);
+
+        clif_wis_message(sd->fd, wisp_server_name, tmpstr, sizeof(tmpstr));
     }
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 1);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 1);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -992,24 +823,25 @@ int pc_authok (int id, int login_id2, time_t connect_until_time,
  * session id��題�り���後始末
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_authfail (int id)
+int pc_authfail(int id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(id);
     if (sd == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    clif_authfail_fd (sd->fd, 0);
+    clif_authfail_fd(sd->fd, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int pc_calc_skillpoint (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+int pc_calc_skillpoint(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, skill_points = 0;
+    int i, skill_points = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_skills_size; i++) {
         int lv = sd->status.skill[skill_pool_skills[i]].lv;
@@ -1021,226 +853,52 @@ static int pc_calc_skillpoint (struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * 覚�られるスキル�計算
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int pc_calc_skilltree (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i, id = 0, flag;
-    int  c = 0, s = 0;
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-    c = s_class.job;
-    s = (s_class.upper == 1) ? 1 : 0;   //ｿ転生以外�通常�スキル？
-
-    if ((battle_config.skillup_limit)
-        && ((c >= 0 && c < 23) || (c >= 4001 && c < 4023)
-            || (c >= 4023 && c < 4045)))
-    {
-        int  skill_point = pc_calc_skillpoint (sd);
-        if (skill_point < 9)
-            c = 0;
-        else if ((sd->status.skill_point >= sd->status.job_level
-                  && skill_point < 58) && ((c > 6 && c < 23) || (c > 4007
-                                                                 && c < 4023)
-                                           || (c > 4029 && c < 4045)))
-        {
-            switch (c)
-            {
-                case 7:
-                case 14:
-                    c = 1;
-                    break;
-                case 8:
-                case 15:
-                    c = 4;
-                    break;
-                case 9:
-                case 16:
-                    c = 2;
-                    break;
-                case 10:
-                case 18:
-                    c = 5;
-                    break;
-                case 11:
-                case 19:
-                case 20:
-                    c = 3;
-                    break;
-                case 12:
-                case 17:
-                    c = 6;
-                    break;
-                case 4008:
-                case 4015:
-                    c = 4002;
-                    break;
-                case 4009:
-                case 4016:
-                    c = 4005;
-                    break;
-                case 4010:
-                case 4017:
-                    c = 4003;
-                    break;
-                case 4011:
-                case 4019:
-                    c = 4006;
-                    break;
-                case 4012:
-                case 4020:
-                case 4021:
-                    c = 4004;
-                    break;
-                case 4013:
-                case 4018:
-                    c = 4007;
-                    break;
-                case 4030:
-                case 4037:
-                    c = 4024;
-                    break;
-                case 4031:
-                case 4038:
-                    c = 4027;
-                    break;
-                case 4032:
-                case 4039:
-                    c = 4025;
-                    break;
-                case 4033:
-                case 4040:
-                    c = 4028;
-                    break;
-                case 4034:
-                case 4041:
-                case 4042:
-                    c = 4026;
-                    break;
-                case 4035:
-                case 4043:
-                    c = 4029;
-                    break;
-
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /*Comment this out for now, as we manage skills differently
-     * for(i=0;i<MAX_SKILL;i++)
-     * if (i < TMW_MAGIC || i > TMW_MAGIC_END){ // [Fate] This hack gets TMW magic working and persisted without bothering about the skill tree.
-     * if (sd->status.skill[i].flag != 13) sd->status.skill[i].id=0;
-     * if (sd->status.skill[i].flag && sd->status.skill[i].flag != 13){ // cardスキル�ら�
-     * sd->status.skill[i].lv=(sd->status.skill[i].flag==1)?0:sd->status.skill[i].flag-2;   // 本当�lv�
-     * sd->status.skill[i].flag=0;  // flag�0�����
-     * }
-     * }
-     */
-
-    if (battle_config.gm_allskill > 0
-        && pc_isGM (sd) >= battle_config.gm_allskill)
-    {
-        // 全��スキル
-        for (i = 1; i < 158; i++)
-            sd->status.skill[i].id = i;
-        for (i = 210; i < 291; i++)
-            sd->status.skill[i].id = i;
-        for (i = 304; i < 337; i++)
-            sd->status.skill[i].id = i;
-        if (battle_config.enable_upper_class)
-        {                       //conf�無効���れ�読�込む
-            for (i = 355; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-                sd->status.skill[i].id = i;
-        }
-
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // 通常�計算
-        do
-        {
-            flag = 0;
-            for (i = 0; (id = skill_tree[s][c][i].id) > 0; i++)
-            {
-                int  j, f = 1;
-                if (!battle_config.skillfree)
-                {
-                    for (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
-                    {
-                        if (skill_tree[s][c][i].need[j].id &&
-                            pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                           skill_tree[s][c][i].need[j].id) <
-                            skill_tree[s][c][i].need[j].lv)
-                            f = 0;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (f && sd->status.skill[id].id == 0)
-                {
-                    sd->status.skill[id].id = id;
-                    flag = 1;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        while (flag);
-    }
-//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("calc skill_tree\n");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * ��アイコン�確�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_checkweighticon (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_checkweighticon(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  flag = 0;
+    int flag = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->weight * 2 >= sd->max_weight
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_FLYING_BACKPACK].timer == -1)
+        && !sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_FLYING_BACKPACK].timer)
         flag = 1;
     if (sd->weight * 10 >= sd->max_weight * 9)
         flag = 2;
 
+    // this is horribly hackish and may have caused crashes
     if (flag == 1)
     {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_WEIGHT50].timer == -1)
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       0);
+        if (!sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT50].timer)
+            skill_status_change_start(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT50, 0, interval_t::zero());
     }
     else
     {
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT50, -1);
+        skill_status_change_end(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT50, nullptr);
     }
     if (flag == 2)
     {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_WEIGHT90].timer == -1)
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT90, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       0);
+        if (!sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT90].timer)
+            skill_status_change_start(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT90, 0, interval_t::zero());
     }
     else
     {
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_WEIGHT90, -1);
+        skill_status_change_end(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT90, nullptr);
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-void pc_set_weapon_look (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void pc_set_weapon_look(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     if (sd->attack_spell_override)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_WEAPON,
-                         sd->attack_spell_look_override);
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::WEAPON,
+                sd->attack_spell_look_override);
     else
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_WEAPON, sd->status.weapon);
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::WEAPON,
+                static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->status.weapon));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1250,37 +908,32 @@ void pc_set_weapon_look (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * 能動的�変化���パラメータ�自��send�るよ��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
+int pc_calcstatus(struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
 {
-    int  b_speed, b_max_hp, b_max_sp, b_hp, b_sp, b_weight, b_max_weight,
-        b_paramb[6], b_parame[6], b_hit, b_flee;
-    int  b_aspd, b_watk, b_def, b_watk2, b_def2, b_flee2, b_critical,
-        b_attackrange, b_matk1, b_matk2, b_mdef, b_mdef2, b_class;
-    int  b_base_atk;
-    struct skill b_skill[MAX_SKILL];
-    int  i, bl, index;
-    int  skill, aspd_rate, wele, wele_, def_ele, refinedef = 0;
-    int  str, dstr, dex;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    int b_max_hp, b_max_sp, b_hp, b_sp, b_weight, b_max_weight,
+        b_hit, b_flee;
+    int b_watk, b_def, b_watk2, b_def2, b_flee2, b_critical,
+        b_attackrange, b_matk1, b_matk2, b_mdef, b_mdef2;
+    int b_base_atk;
+    int bl, index;
+    int aspd_rate, refinedef = 0;
+    int str, dstr, dex;
 
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    b_speed = sd->speed;
+    interval_t b_speed = sd->speed;
     b_max_hp = sd->status.max_hp;
     b_max_sp = sd->status.max_sp;
     b_hp = sd->status.hp;
     b_sp = sd->status.sp;
     b_weight = sd->weight;
     b_max_weight = sd->max_weight;
-    memcpy (b_paramb, &sd->paramb, sizeof (b_paramb));
-    memcpy (b_parame, &sd->paramc, sizeof (b_parame));
-    memcpy (b_skill, &sd->status.skill, sizeof (b_skill));
+    earray<int, ATTR, ATTR::COUNT> b_paramb = sd->paramb;
+    earray<int, ATTR, ATTR::COUNT> b_parame = sd->paramc;
+    earray<skill_value, SkillID, MAX_SKILL> b_skill = sd->status.skill;
     b_hit = sd->hit;
     b_flee = sd->flee;
-    b_aspd = sd->aspd;
+    interval_t b_aspd = sd->aspd;
     b_watk = sd->watk;
     b_def = sd->def;
     b_watk2 = sd->watk2;
@@ -1292,18 +945,14 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
     b_matk2 = sd->matk2;
     b_mdef = sd->mdef;
     b_mdef2 = sd->mdef2;
-    b_class = sd->view_class;
-    sd->view_class = sd->status.pc_class;
     b_base_atk = sd->base_atk;
 
-    pc_calc_skilltree (sd);     // スキルツリー�計算
-
-    sd->max_weight = max_weight_base[s_class.job] + sd->status.str * 300;
+    sd->max_weight = max_weight_base_0 + sd->status.attrs[ATTR::STR] * 300;
 
     if (first & 1)
     {
         sd->weight = 0;
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
         {
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid == 0
                 || sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL)
@@ -1316,24 +965,27 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
         sd->cart_weight = 0;
         sd->cart_max_num = MAX_CART;
         sd->cart_num = 0;
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
         {
             if (sd->status.cart[i].nameid == 0)
                 continue;
             sd->cart_weight +=
-                itemdb_weight (sd->status.cart[i].nameid) *
+                itemdb_weight(sd->status.cart[i].nameid) *
                 sd->status.cart[i].amount;
             sd->cart_num++;
         }
     }
 
-    memset (sd->paramb, 0, sizeof (sd->paramb));
-    memset (sd->parame, 0, sizeof (sd->parame));
+    for (auto& p : sd->paramb)
+        p = 0;
+    for (auto& p : sd->parame)
+        p = 0;
+
     sd->hit = 0;
     sd->flee = 0;
     sd->flee2 = 0;
     sd->critical = 0;
-    sd->aspd = 0;
+    sd->aspd = interval_t::zero();
     sd->watk = 0;
     sd->def = 0;
     sd->mdef = 0;
@@ -1344,8 +996,6 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
     sd->status.max_sp = 0;
     sd->attackrange = 0;
     sd->attackrange_ = 0;
-    sd->atk_ele = 0;
-    sd->def_ele = 0;
     sd->star = 0;
     sd->overrefine = 0;
     sd->matk1 = 0;
@@ -1353,33 +1003,17 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
     sd->speed = DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED;
     sd->hprate = 100;
     sd->sprate = 100;
-    sd->castrate = 100;
     sd->dsprate = 100;
     sd->base_atk = 0;
     sd->arrow_atk = 0;
-    sd->arrow_ele = 0;
     sd->arrow_hit = 0;
     sd->arrow_range = 0;
     sd->nhealhp = sd->nhealsp = sd->nshealhp = sd->nshealsp = sd->nsshealhp =
         sd->nsshealsp = 0;
-    memset (sd->addele, 0, sizeof (sd->addele));
-    memset (sd->addrace, 0, sizeof (sd->addrace));
-    memset (sd->addsize, 0, sizeof (sd->addsize));
-    memset (sd->addele_, 0, sizeof (sd->addele_));
-    memset (sd->addrace_, 0, sizeof (sd->addrace_));
-    memset (sd->addsize_, 0, sizeof (sd->addsize_));
-    memset (sd->subele, 0, sizeof (sd->subele));
-    memset (sd->subrace, 0, sizeof (sd->subrace));
-    memset (sd->addeff, 0, sizeof (sd->addeff));
-    memset (sd->addeff2, 0, sizeof (sd->addeff2));
-    memset (sd->reseff, 0, sizeof (sd->reseff));
-    memset (&sd->special_state, 0, sizeof (sd->special_state));
-    memset (sd->weapon_coma_ele, 0, sizeof (sd->weapon_coma_ele));
-    memset (sd->weapon_coma_race, 0, sizeof (sd->weapon_coma_race));
+    memset(&sd->special_state, 0, sizeof(sd->special_state));
 
     sd->watk_ = 0;              //二刀�用(仮)
     sd->watk_2 = 0;
-    sd->atk_ele_ = 0;
     sd->star_ = 0;
     sd->overrefine_ = 0;
 
@@ -1389,76 +1023,32 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
     sd->sprecov_rate = 100;
     sd->critical_def = 0;
     sd->double_rate = 0;
-    sd->near_attack_def_rate = sd->long_attack_def_rate = 0;
     sd->atk_rate = sd->matk_rate = 100;
-    sd->ignore_def_ele = sd->ignore_def_race = 0;
-    sd->ignore_def_ele_ = sd->ignore_def_race_ = 0;
-    sd->ignore_mdef_ele = sd->ignore_mdef_race = 0;
     sd->arrow_cri = 0;
-    sd->magic_def_rate = sd->misc_def_rate = 0;
-    memset (sd->arrow_addele, 0, sizeof (sd->arrow_addele));
-    memset (sd->arrow_addrace, 0, sizeof (sd->arrow_addrace));
-    memset (sd->arrow_addsize, 0, sizeof (sd->arrow_addsize));
-    memset (sd->arrow_addeff, 0, sizeof (sd->arrow_addeff));
-    memset (sd->arrow_addeff2, 0, sizeof (sd->arrow_addeff2));
-    memset (sd->magic_addele, 0, sizeof (sd->magic_addele));
-    memset (sd->magic_addrace, 0, sizeof (sd->magic_addrace));
-    memset (sd->magic_subrace, 0, sizeof (sd->magic_subrace));
     sd->perfect_hit = 0;
     sd->critical_rate = sd->hit_rate = sd->flee_rate = sd->flee2_rate = 100;
     sd->def_rate = sd->def2_rate = sd->mdef_rate = sd->mdef2_rate = 100;
-    sd->def_ratio_atk_ele = sd->def_ratio_atk_ele_ = 0;
-    sd->def_ratio_atk_race = sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ = 0;
-    sd->get_zeny_num = 0;
-    sd->add_damage_class_count = sd->add_damage_class_count_ =
-        sd->add_magic_damage_class_count = 0;
-    sd->add_def_class_count = sd->add_mdef_class_count = 0;
-    sd->monster_drop_item_count = 0;
-    memset (sd->add_damage_classrate, 0, sizeof (sd->add_damage_classrate));
-    memset (sd->add_damage_classrate_, 0, sizeof (sd->add_damage_classrate_));
-    memset (sd->add_magic_damage_classrate, 0,
-            sizeof (sd->add_magic_damage_classrate));
-    memset (sd->add_def_classrate, 0, sizeof (sd->add_def_classrate));
-    memset (sd->add_mdef_classrate, 0, sizeof (sd->add_mdef_classrate));
-    memset (sd->monster_drop_race, 0, sizeof (sd->monster_drop_race));
-    memset (sd->monster_drop_itemrate, 0, sizeof (sd->monster_drop_itemrate));
     sd->speed_add_rate = sd->aspd_add_rate = 100;
-    sd->double_add_rate = sd->perfect_hit_add = sd->get_zeny_add_num = 0;
-    sd->splash_range = sd->splash_add_range = 0;
-    sd->autospell_id = sd->autospell_lv = sd->autospell_rate = 0;
+    sd->double_add_rate = sd->perfect_hit_add = 0;
     sd->hp_drain_rate = sd->hp_drain_per = sd->sp_drain_rate =
         sd->sp_drain_per = 0;
     sd->hp_drain_rate_ = sd->hp_drain_per_ = sd->sp_drain_rate_ =
         sd->sp_drain_per_ = 0;
-    sd->short_weapon_damage_return = sd->long_weapon_damage_return = 0;
-    sd->magic_damage_return = 0;    //AppleGirl Was Here
-    sd->random_attack_increase_add = sd->random_attack_increase_per = 0;
-
-    if (!sd->disguiseflag && sd->disguise)
-    {
-        sd->disguise = 0;
-        pc_set_weapon_look (sd);
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_SHIELD, sd->status.shield);
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM, sd->status.head_bottom);
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_TOP, sd->status.head_top);
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_MID, sd->status.head_mid);
-        clif_clearchar (&sd->bl, 9);
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 3);
-    }
 
     sd->spellpower_bonus_target = 0;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs_noarrow)
     {
         index = sd->equip_index[i];
         if (index < 0)
             continue;
-        if (i == 9 && sd->equip_index[8] == index)
+        if (i == EQUIP::WEAPON && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] == index)
             continue;
-        if (i == 5 && sd->equip_index[4] == index)
+        if (i == EQUIP::TORSO && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::LEGS] == index)
             continue;
-        if (i == 6
-            && (sd->equip_index[5] == index || sd->equip_index[4] == index))
+        if (i == EQUIP::HAT
+            && (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::TORSO] == index
+                || sd->equip_index[EQUIP::LEGS] == index))
             continue;
 
         if (sd->inventory_data[index])
@@ -1466,50 +1056,50 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
             sd->spellpower_bonus_target +=
                 sd->inventory_data[index]->magic_bonus;
 
-            if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
+            if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == ItemType::WEAPON)
             {
                 if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] != 0x00ff
                     && sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] != 0x00fe
                     && sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] != (short) 0xff00)
                 {
-                    int  j;
+                    int j;
                     for (j = 0; j < sd->inventory_data[index]->slot; j++)
                     {           // カード
-                        int  c = sd->status.inventory[index].card[j];
+                        int c = sd->status.inventory[index].card[j];
                         if (c > 0)
                         {
                             argrec_t arg[2];
                             arg[0].name = "@slotId";
-                            arg[0].v.i = i;
+                            arg[0].v.i = int(i);
                             arg[1].name = "@itemId";
                             arg[1].v.i = sd->inventory_data[index]->nameid;
-                            if (i == 8
-                                && sd->status.inventory[index].equip == 0x20)
+                            if (i == EQUIP::SHIELD
+                                && sd->status.inventory[index].equip == EPOS::SHIELD)
                                 sd->state.lr_flag = 1;
-                            run_script_l (itemdb_equipscript (c), 0, sd->bl.id,
+                            run_script_l(itemdb_equipscript(c), 0, sd->bl.id,
                                         0, 2, arg);
                             sd->state.lr_flag = 0;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
-            else if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 5)
+            else if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == ItemType::ARMOR)
             {                   // 防具
                 if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] != 0x00ff
                     && sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] != 0x00fe
                     && sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] != (short) 0xff00)
                 {
-                    int  j;
+                    int j;
                     for (j = 0; j < sd->inventory_data[index]->slot; j++)
                     {           // カード
-                        int  c = sd->status.inventory[index].card[j];
+                        int c = sd->status.inventory[index].card[j];
                         if (c > 0) {
                             argrec_t arg[2];
                             arg[0].name = "@slotId";
-                            arg[0].v.i = i;
+                            arg[0].v.i = int(i);
                             arg[1].name = "@itemId";
                             arg[1].v.i = sd->inventory_data[index]->nameid;
-                            run_script_l (itemdb_equipscript (c), 0, sd->bl.id,
+                            run_script_l(itemdb_equipscript(c), 0, sd->bl.id,
                                         0, 2, arg);
                         }
                     }
@@ -1522,59 +1112,57 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
     if (sd->spellpower_bonus_target < 0)
         sd->spellpower_bonus_target =
             (sd->spellpower_bonus_target * 256) /
-            (MIN (128 + skill_power (sd, TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL), 256));
+            (min(128 + skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL), 256));
 #endif
 
     if (sd->spellpower_bonus_target < sd->spellpower_bonus_current)
         sd->spellpower_bonus_current = sd->spellpower_bonus_target;
 
-    wele = sd->atk_ele;
-    wele_ = sd->atk_ele_;
-    def_ele = sd->def_ele;
-    memcpy (sd->paramcard, sd->parame, sizeof (sd->paramcard));
+    sd->paramcard = sd->parame;
 
     // 装備��よるステータス変化����実行
-    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs_noarrow)
     {
         index = sd->equip_index[i];
         if (index < 0)
             continue;
-        if (i == 9 && sd->equip_index[8] == index)
+        if (i == EQUIP::WEAPON && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::SHIELD] == index)
             continue;
-        if (i == 5 && sd->equip_index[4] == index)
+        if (i == EQUIP::TORSO && sd->equip_index[EQUIP::LEGS] == index)
             continue;
-        if (i == 6
-            && (sd->equip_index[5] == index || sd->equip_index[4] == index))
+        if (i == EQUIP::HAT
+            && (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::TORSO] == index
+                || sd->equip_index[EQUIP::LEGS] == index))
             continue;
         if (sd->inventory_data[index])
         {
             sd->def += sd->inventory_data[index]->def;
-            if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
+            if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == ItemType::WEAPON)
             {
-                int  r, wlv = sd->inventory_data[index]->wlv;
-                if (i == 8 && sd->status.inventory[index].equip == 0x20)
+                int r;
+                if (i == EQUIP::SHIELD
+                    && sd->status.inventory[index].equip == EPOS::SHIELD)
                 {
                     //二刀�用データ入力
                     sd->watk_ += sd->inventory_data[index]->atk;
                     sd->watk_2 = (r = sd->status.inventory[index].refine) * // 精錬攻撃力
-                        refinebonus[wlv][0];
-                    if ((r -= refinebonus[wlv][2]) > 0) // �剰精錬ボーナス
-                        sd->overrefine_ = r * refinebonus[wlv][1];
+                        0;
+                    if ((r -= 10) > 0) // �剰精錬ボーナス
+                        sd->overrefine_ = r * 0;
 
                     if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == 0x00ff)
                     {           // 製造武器
                         sd->star_ = (sd->status.inventory[index].card[1] >> 8); // 星���ら
-                        wele_ = (sd->status.inventory[index].card[1] & 0x0f);   // 属 性
                     }
                     sd->attackrange_ += sd->inventory_data[index]->range;
                     sd->state.lr_flag = 1;
                     {
                         argrec_t arg[2];
                         arg[0].name = "@slotId";
-                        arg[0].v.i = i;
+                        arg[0].v.i = int(i);
                         arg[1].name = "@itemId";
                         arg[1].v.i = sd->inventory_data[index]->nameid;
-                        run_script_l (sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0,
+                        run_script_l(sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0,
                                       sd->bl.id, 0, 2, arg);
                     }
                     sd->state.lr_flag = 0;
@@ -1583,61 +1171,60 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
                 {               //二刀�武器以外
                     argrec_t arg[2];
                     arg[0].name = "@slotId";
-                    arg[0].v.i = i;
+                    arg[0].v.i = int(i);
                     arg[1].name = "@itemId";
                     arg[1].v.i = sd->inventory_data[index]->nameid;
                     sd->watk += sd->inventory_data[index]->atk;
                     sd->watk2 += (r = sd->status.inventory[index].refine) * // 精錬攻撃力
-                        refinebonus[wlv][0];
-                    if ((r -= refinebonus[wlv][2]) > 0) // �剰精錬ボーナス
-                        sd->overrefine += r * refinebonus[wlv][1];
+                        0;
+                    if ((r -= 10) > 0) // �剰精錬ボーナス
+                        sd->overrefine += r * 0;
 
                     if (sd->status.inventory[index].card[0] == 0x00ff)
                     {           // 製造武器
                         sd->star += (sd->status.inventory[index].card[1] >> 8); // 星���ら
-                        wele = (sd->status.inventory[index].card[1] & 0x0f);    // 属 性
                     }
                     sd->attackrange += sd->inventory_data[index]->range;
-                    run_script_l (sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0,
+                    run_script_l(sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0,
                                   sd->bl.id, 0, 2, arg);
                 }
             }
-            else if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 5)
+            else if (sd->inventory_data[index]->type == ItemType::ARMOR)
             {
                 argrec_t arg[2];
                 arg[0].name = "@slotId";
-                arg[0].v.i = i;
+                arg[0].v.i = int(i);
                 arg[1].name = "@itemId";
                 arg[1].v.i = sd->inventory_data[index]->nameid;
                 sd->watk += sd->inventory_data[index]->atk;
                 refinedef +=
-                    sd->status.inventory[index].refine * refinebonus[0][0];
-                run_script_l (sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0,
+                    sd->status.inventory[index].refine * 0;
+                run_script_l(sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0,
                               sd->bl.id, 0, 2, arg);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if (battle_is_unarmed (&sd->bl))
+    if (battle_is_unarmed(&sd->bl))
     {
-        sd->watk += skill_power (sd, TMW_BRAWLING) / 3; // +66 for 200
-        sd->watk2 += skill_power (sd, TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3;   // +25 for 200
-        sd->watk_ += skill_power (sd, TMW_BRAWLING) / 3;    // +66 for 200
-        sd->watk_2 += skill_power (sd, TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3;  // +25 for 200
+        sd->watk += skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) / 3; // +66 for 200
+        sd->watk2 += skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3;   // +25 for 200
+        sd->watk_ += skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) / 3;    // +66 for 200
+        sd->watk_2 += skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING) >> 3;  // +25 for 200
     }
 
-    if (sd->equip_index[10] >= 0)
+    if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::ARROW] >= 0)
     {                           // 矢
-        index = sd->equip_index[10];
+        index = sd->equip_index[EQUIP::ARROW];
         if (sd->inventory_data[index])
         {                       //��属性�入�����
             argrec_t arg[2];
             arg[0].name = "@slotId";
-            arg[0].v.i = i;
+            arg[0].v.i = int(EQUIP::ARROW);
             arg[1].name = "@itemId";
             arg[1].v.i = sd->inventory_data[index]->nameid;
             sd->state.lr_flag = 2;
-            run_script_l (sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0, sd->bl.id,
+            run_script_l(sd->inventory_data[index]->equip_script, 0, sd->bl.id,
                         0, 2, arg);
             sd->state.lr_flag = 0;
             sd->arrow_atk += sd->inventory_data[index]->atk;
@@ -1651,145 +1238,44 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
         sd->attackrange_ = 1;
     if (sd->attackrange < sd->attackrange_)
         sd->attackrange = sd->attackrange_;
-    if (sd->status.weapon == 11)
+    if (sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::BOW)
         sd->attackrange += sd->arrow_range;
-    if (wele > 0)
-        sd->atk_ele = wele;
-    if (wele_ > 0)
-        sd->atk_ele_ = wele_;
-    if (def_ele > 0)
-        sd->def_ele = def_ele;
     sd->double_rate += sd->double_add_rate;
     sd->perfect_hit += sd->perfect_hit_add;
-    sd->get_zeny_num += sd->get_zeny_add_num;
-    sd->splash_range += sd->splash_add_range;
     if (sd->speed_add_rate != 100)
         sd->speed_rate += sd->speed_add_rate - 100;
     if (sd->aspd_add_rate != 100)
         sd->aspd_rate += sd->aspd_add_rate - 100;
 
-    // 武器ATKサイズ補正 (�手)
-    sd->atkmods[0] = atkmods[0][sd->weapontype1];
-    sd->atkmods[1] = atkmods[1][sd->weapontype1];
-    sd->atkmods[2] = atkmods[2][sd->weapontype1];
-    //武器ATKサイズ補正 (左手)
-    sd->atkmods_[0] = atkmods[0][sd->weapontype2];
-    sd->atkmods_[1] = atkmods[1][sd->weapontype2];
-    sd->atkmods_[2] = atkmods[2][sd->weapontype2];
-
-/*
-	// jobボーナス分
-	for(i=0;i<sd->status.job_level && i<MAX_LEVEL;i++){
-		if(job_bonus[s_class.upper][s_class.job][i])
-			sd->paramb[job_bonus[s_class.upper][s_class.job][i]-1]++;
-	}
-*/
-
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MC_INCCARRY)) > 0)  // skill can be used with an item now, thanks to orn [Valaris]
-        sd->max_weight += skill * 1000;
-
-    // ステータス変化�よる基本パラメータ補正
-    if (sd->sc_count)
-    {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1)
-        {                       // 集中力�上
-            sd->paramb[1] +=
-                (sd->status.agi + sd->paramb[1] + sd->parame[1] -
-                 sd->paramcard[1]) * (2 +
-                                      sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].val1) / 100;
-            sd->paramb[4] +=
-                (sd->status.dex + sd->paramb[4] + sd->parame[4] -
-                 sd->paramcard[4]) * (2 +
-                                      sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].val1) / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-        {                       // 速度増加
-            sd->paramb[1] += 2 + sd->sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].val1;
-            sd->speed -= sd->speed * 25 / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DECREASEAGI].timer != -1)    // 速度減少(agi�battle.c�)
-            sd->speed = sd->speed * 125 / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1)
-            sd->speed =
-                (sd->speed * (76 + (sd->sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].val1 * 3))) /
-                100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_BLESSING].timer != -1)
-        {                       // ブレッシング
-            sd->paramb[0] += sd->sc_data[SC_BLESSING].val1;
-            sd->paramb[3] += sd->sc_data[SC_BLESSING].val1;
-            sd->paramb[4] += sd->sc_data[SC_BLESSING].val1;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_GLORIA].timer != -1) // グロリア
-            sd->paramb[5] += 30;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_LOUD].timer != -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1)   // ラウドボイス
-            sd->paramb[0] += 4;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // クァグマイア
-            sd->speed = sd->speed * 3 / 2;
-            sd->paramb[1] -=
-                (sd->status.agi + sd->paramb[1] + sd->parame[1]) / 2;
-            sd->paramb[4] -=
-                (sd->status.dex + sd->paramb[4] + sd->parame[4]) / 2;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)
-        {                       // トゥルーサイト
-            sd->paramb[0] += 5;
-            sd->paramb[1] += 5;
-            sd->paramb[2] += 5;
-            sd->paramb[3] += 5;
-            sd->paramb[4] += 5;
-            sd->paramb[5] += 5;
-        }
-    }
-    sd->speed -= skill_power (sd, TMW_SPEED) >> 3;
-    sd->aspd_rate -= skill_power (sd, TMW_SPEED) / 10;
+    sd->speed -= std::chrono::milliseconds(skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_SPEED) / 8);
+    sd->aspd_rate -= skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_SPEED) / 10;
     if (sd->aspd_rate < 20)
         sd->aspd_rate = 20;
 
-/*
-	//1度も死ん���Job70スパノビ�+10
-	if(s_class.job == 23 && sd->die_counter == 0 && sd->status.job_level >= 70){
-		sd->paramb[0]+= 15;
-		sd->paramb[1]+= 15;
-		sd->paramb[2]+= 15;
-		sd->paramb[3]+= 15;
-		sd->paramb[4]+= 15;
-		sd->paramb[5]+= 15;
-	}
-*/
-    sd->paramc[0] = sd->status.str + sd->paramb[0] + sd->parame[0];
-    sd->paramc[1] = sd->status.agi + sd->paramb[1] + sd->parame[1];
-    sd->paramc[2] = sd->status.vit + sd->paramb[2] + sd->parame[2];
-    sd->paramc[3] = sd->status.int_ + sd->paramb[3] + sd->parame[3];
-    sd->paramc[4] = sd->status.dex + sd->paramb[4] + sd->parame[4];
-    sd->paramc[5] = sd->status.luk + sd->paramb[5] + sd->parame[5];
-    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
-        if (sd->paramc[i] < 0)
-            sd->paramc[i] = 0;
-
-    if (sd->status.weapon == 11 || sd->status.weapon == 13
-        || sd->status.weapon == 14)
-    {
-        str = sd->paramc[4];
-        dex = sd->paramc[0];
+    for (ATTR attr : ATTRs)
+        sd->paramc[attr] = max(0, sd->status.attrs[attr] + sd->paramb[attr] + sd->parame[attr]);
+
+    if (sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::BOW
+            || sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::_13
+            || sd->status.weapon == ItemLook::_14)
+    {
+        str = sd->paramc[ATTR::DEX];
+        dex = sd->paramc[ATTR::STR];
     }
     else
     {
-        str = sd->paramc[0];
-        dex = sd->paramc[4];
+        str = sd->paramc[ATTR::STR];
+        dex = sd->paramc[ATTR::DEX];
         sd->critical += ((dex * 3) >> 1);
     }
     dstr = str / 10;
-    sd->base_atk += str + dstr * dstr + dex / 5 + sd->paramc[5] / 5;
-//fprintf(stderr, "baseatk = %d = x + %d + %d + %d + %d\n", sd->base_atk, str, dstr*dstr, dex/5, sd->paramc[5]/5);
-    sd->matk1 += sd->paramc[3] + (sd->paramc[3] / 5) * (sd->paramc[3] / 5);
-    sd->matk2 += sd->paramc[3] + (sd->paramc[3] / 7) * (sd->paramc[3] / 7);
+    sd->base_atk += str + dstr * dstr + dex / 5 + sd->paramc[ATTR::LUK] / 5;
+//FPRINTF(stderr, "baseatk = %d = x + %d + %d + %d + %d\n", sd->base_atk, str, dstr*dstr, dex/5, sd->paramc[ATTR::LUK]/5);
+    sd->matk1 += sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] + (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] / 5) * (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] / 5);
+    sd->matk2 += sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] + (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] / 7) * (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] / 7);
     if (sd->matk1 < sd->matk2)
     {
-        int  temp = sd->matk2;
+        int temp = sd->matk2;
         sd->matk2 = sd->matk1;
         sd->matk1 = temp;
     }
@@ -1798,26 +1284,26 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
 #ifdef USE_ASTRAL_SOUL_SKILL
     if (sd->matk1 > MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD)
     {
-        int  bonus = sd->matk1 - MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD;
+        int bonus = sd->matk1 - MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD;
         // Ok if you are above a certain threshold, you get only (1/8) of that matk1
         // if you have Astral soul skill you can get the whole power again (and additionally the 1/8 added)
-        sd->matk1 = MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD + (bonus>>3) + ((3*bonus*skill_power(sd, TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL))>>9);
+        sd->matk1 = MAGIC_SKILL_THRESHOLD + (bonus>>3) + ((3*bonus*skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL))>>9);
     }
 #endif
     sd->matk2 = 0;
     if (sd->matk1 < 0)
         sd->matk1 = 0;
 
-    sd->hit += sd->paramc[4] + sd->status.base_level;
-    sd->flee += sd->paramc[1] + sd->status.base_level;
-    sd->def2 += sd->paramc[2];
-    sd->mdef2 += sd->paramc[3];
-    sd->flee2 += sd->paramc[5] + 10;
-    sd->critical += (sd->paramc[5] * 3) + 10;
+    sd->hit += sd->paramc[ATTR::DEX] + sd->status.base_level;
+    sd->flee += sd->paramc[ATTR::AGI] + sd->status.base_level;
+    sd->def2 += sd->paramc[ATTR::VIT];
+    sd->mdef2 += sd->paramc[ATTR::INT];
+    sd->flee2 += sd->paramc[ATTR::LUK] + 10;
+    sd->critical += (sd->paramc[ATTR::LUK] * 3) + 10;
 
     // 200 is the maximum of the skill
     // def2 is the defence gained by vit, whereas "def", which is gained by armor, stays as is
-    int spbsk = skill_power (sd, TMW_RAGING);
+    int spbsk = skill_power(sd, SkillID::TMW_RAGING);
     if (spbsk != 0 && sd->attackrange <= 2)
     {
         sd->critical += sd->critical * spbsk / 100;
@@ -1860,147 +1346,67 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
         sd->mdef2 = 1;
 
     // 二刀� ASPD 修正
-    if (sd->status.weapon <= 16)
-        sd->aspd +=
-            aspd_base[s_class.job][sd->status.weapon] - (sd->paramc[1] * 4 +
-                                                         sd->paramc[4]) *
-            aspd_base[s_class.job][sd->status.weapon] / 1000;
+    if (sd->status.weapon < ItemLook::SINGLE_HANDED_COUNT)
+        sd->aspd += aspd_base_0[sd->status.weapon]
+            - (sd->paramc[ATTR::AGI] * 4 + sd->paramc[ATTR::DEX])
+            * aspd_base_0[sd->status.weapon] / 1000;
     else
-        sd->aspd += ((aspd_base[s_class.job][sd->weapontype1] -
-                      (sd->paramc[1] * 4 +
-                       sd->paramc[4]) *
-                      aspd_base[s_class.job][sd->weapontype1] / 1000) +
-                     (aspd_base[s_class.job][sd->weapontype2] -
-                      (sd->paramc[1] * 4 +
-                       sd->paramc[4]) *
-                      aspd_base[s_class.job][sd->weapontype2] / 1000)) * 140 /
-            200;
+        sd->aspd += (
+                (aspd_base_0[sd->weapontype1]
+                    - (sd->paramc[ATTR::AGI] * 4 + sd->paramc[ATTR::DEX])
+                    * aspd_base_0[sd->weapontype1] / 1000)
+                + (aspd_base_0[sd->weapontype2]
+                    - (sd->paramc[ATTR::AGI] * 4 + sd->paramc[ATTR::DEX])
+                    * aspd_base_0[sd->weapontype2] / 1000)
+                )
+            * 140 / 200;
 
     aspd_rate = sd->aspd_rate;
 
     //攻撃速度増加
 
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AC_VULTURE)) > 0)
-    {                           // ワシ�目
-        sd->hit += skill;
-        if (sd->status.weapon == 11)
-            sd->attackrange += skill;
-    }
-
     if (sd->attackrange > 2)
-    {                           // [fate] ranged weapon?
-        sd->attackrange += MIN (skill_power (sd, AC_OWL) / 60, 3);
-        sd->hit += skill_power (sd, AC_OWL) / 10;   // 20 for 200
-    }
-
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, BS_WEAPONRESEARCH)) > 0)    // 武器研究�命中率増加
-        sd->hit += skill * 2;
-    if (sd->status.option & 2 && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, RG_TUNNELDRIVE)) > 0)  // トン�ルドライブ
-        sd->speed += (1.2 * DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED - skill * 9);
-    if (pc_iscarton (sd) && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MC_PUSHCART)) > 0)  // カート�よる速度低下
-        sd->speed += (10 - skill) * (DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED * 0.1);
-    else if (pc_isriding (sd))  // ペコペコ乗り�よる速度増加
-        sd->speed -= (0.25 * DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED);
-    sd->max_weight += 1000;
-    if (sd->sc_count)
     {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1)   //ウィンドウォーク時�Lv*2%減算
-            sd->speed -=
-                sd->speed * (sd->sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].val1 * 2) / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_CARTBOOST].timer != -1)  // カートブースト
-            sd->speed -= (DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED * 20) / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)    //�ーサーク中�IA����ら�速�？
-            sd->speed -= sd->speed * 25 / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_WEDDING].timer != -1)    //�婚中�歩�����
-            sd->speed = 2 * DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED;
+        // [fate] ranged weapon?
+        sd->attackrange += min(skill_power(sd, SkillID::AC_OWL) / 60, 3);
+        sd->hit += skill_power(sd, SkillID::AC_OWL) / 10;   // 20 for 200
     }
 
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, CR_TRUST)) > 0)
-    {                           // フェイス
-        sd->status.max_hp += skill * 200;
-        sd->subele[6] += skill * 5;
-    }
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, BS_SKINTEMPER)) > 0)
-        sd->subele[3] += skill * 4;
+    sd->max_weight += 1000;
 
     bl = sd->status.base_level;
 
-    sd->status.max_hp +=
-        (3500 + bl * hp_coefficient2[s_class.job] +
-         hp_sigma_val[s_class.job][(bl > 0) ? bl - 1 : 0]) / 100 * (100 +
-                                                                    sd->paramc
-                                                                    [2]) /
-        100 + (sd->parame[2] - sd->paramcard[2]);
-    if (s_class.upper == 1)     // [MouseJstr]
-        sd->status.max_hp = sd->status.max_hp * 130 / 100;
+    sd->status.max_hp += (
+            3500
+            + bl * hp_coefficient2_0
+            + hp_sigma_val_0[(bl > 0) ? bl - 1 : 0]
+            ) / 100 * (100 + sd->paramc[ATTR::VIT]) / 100
+        + (sd->parame[ATTR::VIT] - sd->paramcard[ATTR::VIT]);
     if (sd->hprate != 100)
         sd->status.max_hp = sd->status.max_hp * sd->hprate / 100;
 
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-    {                           // �ーサーク
-        sd->status.max_hp = sd->status.max_hp * 3;
-        sd->status.hp = sd->status.hp * 3;
-        if (sd->status.max_hp > battle_config.max_hp)   // removed negative max hp bug by Valaris
-            sd->status.max_hp = battle_config.max_hp;
-        if (sd->status.hp > battle_config.max_hp)   // removed negative max hp bug by Valaris
-            sd->status.hp = battle_config.max_hp;
-    }
-    if (s_class.job == 23 && sd->status.base_level >= 99)
-    {
-        sd->status.max_hp = sd->status.max_hp + 2000;
-    }
-
     if (sd->status.max_hp > battle_config.max_hp)   // removed negative max hp bug by Valaris
         sd->status.max_hp = battle_config.max_hp;
     if (sd->status.max_hp <= 0)
         sd->status.max_hp = 1;  // end
 
     // 最大SP計算
-    sd->status.max_sp +=
-        ((sp_coefficient[s_class.job] * bl) + 1000) / 100 * (100 +
-                                                             sd->paramc[3]) /
-        100 + (sd->parame[3] - sd->paramcard[3]);
-    if (s_class.upper == 1)     // [MouseJstr]
-        sd->status.max_sp = sd->status.max_sp * 130 / 100;
+    sd->status.max_sp += ((sp_coefficient_0 * bl) + 1000)
+        / 100 * (100 + sd->paramc[ATTR::INT]) / 100
+        + (sd->parame[ATTR::INT] - sd->paramcard[ATTR::INT]);
     if (sd->sprate != 100)
         sd->status.max_sp = sd->status.max_sp * sd->sprate / 100;
 
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HP_MEDITATIO)) > 0) // メディテイティオ
-        sd->status.max_sp += sd->status.max_sp * skill / 100;
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HW_SOULDRAIN)) > 0) // ソウルドレイン
-        sd->status.max_sp += sd->status.max_sp * 2 * skill / 100;
-
     if (sd->status.max_sp < 0 || sd->status.max_sp > battle_config.max_sp)
         sd->status.max_sp = battle_config.max_sp;
 
     //自然回復HP
-    sd->nhealhp = 1 + (sd->paramc[2] / 5) + (sd->status.max_hp / 200);
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SM_RECOVERY)) > 0)
-    {                           // HP回復力�上
-        sd->nshealhp = skill * 5 + (sd->status.max_hp * skill / 500);
-        if (sd->nshealhp > 0x7fff)
-            sd->nshealhp = 0x7fff;
-    }
+    sd->nhealhp = 1 + (sd->paramc[ATTR::VIT] / 5) + (sd->status.max_hp / 200);
     //自然回復SP
-    sd->nhealsp = 1 + (sd->paramc[3] / 6) + (sd->status.max_sp / 100);
-    if (sd->paramc[3] >= 120)
-        sd->nhealsp += ((sd->paramc[3] - 120) >> 1) + 4;
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MG_SRECOVERY)) > 0)
-    {                           // SP回復力�上
-        sd->nshealsp = skill * 3 + (sd->status.max_sp * skill / 500);
-        if (sd->nshealsp > 0x7fff)
-            sd->nshealsp = 0x7fff;
-    }
+    sd->nhealsp = 1 + (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] / 6) + (sd->status.max_sp / 100);
+    if (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] >= 120)
+        sd->nhealsp += ((sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] - 120) >> 1) + 4;
 
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MO_SPIRITSRECOVERY)) > 0)
-    {
-        sd->nsshealhp = skill * 4 + (sd->status.max_hp * skill / 500);
-        sd->nsshealsp = skill * 2 + (sd->status.max_sp * skill / 500);
-        if (sd->nsshealhp > 0x7fff)
-            sd->nsshealhp = 0x7fff;
-        if (sd->nsshealsp > 0x7fff)
-            sd->nsshealsp = 0x7fff;
-    }
     if (sd->hprecov_rate != 100)
     {
         sd->nhealhp = sd->nhealhp * sd->hprecov_rate / 100;
@@ -2013,371 +1419,47 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
         if (sd->nhealsp < 1)
             sd->nhealsp = 1;
     }
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HP_MEDITATIO)) > 0)
-    {                           // メディテイティオ�SPR����自然回復���る
-        sd->nhealsp += 3 * skill * (sd->status.max_sp) / 100;
-        if (sd->nhealsp > 0x7fff)
-            sd->nhealsp = 0x7fff;
-    }
-
-    // 種��性（�れ����？ ディ�インプロテクション���処���る�も）
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_DRAGONOLOGY)) > 0)
-    {                           // ドラゴノロジー
-        skill = skill * 4;
-        sd->addrace[9] += skill;
-        sd->addrace_[9] += skill;
-        sd->subrace[9] += skill;
-        sd->magic_addrace[9] += skill;
-        sd->magic_subrace[9] -= skill;
-    }
-
-    //Flee上昇
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, TF_MISS)) > 0)
-    {                           // 回�率増加
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 6 || sd->status.pc_class == 4007
-            || sd->status.pc_class == 23)
-        {
-            sd->flee += skill * 3;
-        }
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 12 || sd->status.pc_class == 17
-            || sd->status.pc_class == 4013 || sd->status.pc_class == 4018)
-            sd->flee += skill * 4;
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 12 || sd->status.pc_class == 4013)
-            sd->speed -= sd->speed * (skill * .5) / 100;
-    }
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MO_DODGE)) > 0) // 見切り
-        sd->flee += (skill * 3) >> 1;
 
     // スキルやステータス異常�よる残り�パラメータ補正
     if (sd->sc_count)
     {
         // ATK/DEF変化形
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ANGELUS].timer != -1)    // エンジェラス
-            sd->def2 =
-                sd->def2 * (110 + 5 * sd->sc_data[SC_ANGELUS].val1) / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_IMPOSITIO].timer != -1)
-        {                       // イン�シティオマヌス
-            sd->watk += sd->sc_data[SC_IMPOSITIO].val1 * 5;
-            index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
-                sd->watk_ += sd->sc_data[SC_IMPOSITIO].val1 * 5;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // プロボック
-            sd->def2 =
-                sd->def2 * (100 - 6 * sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;
-            sd->base_atk =
-                sd->base_atk * (100 + 2 * sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;
-            sd->watk =
-                sd->watk * (100 + 2 * sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;
-            index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
-                sd->watk_ =
-                    sd->watk_ * (100 +
-                                 2 * sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val1) / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer != -1)
-            sd->mdef2 += sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].val1;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].timer != -1)
-        {                       // プロボック
-            sd->mdef2 =
-                sd->mdef2 * (100 -
-                             6 * sd->sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
-            sd->matk1 =
-                sd->matk1 * (100 +
-                             2 * sd->sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
-            sd->matk2 =
-                sd->matk2 * (100 +
-                             2 * sd->sc_data[SC_MINDBREAKER].val1) / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_POISON].timer != -1) // 毒状態
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer) // 毒状態
             sd->def2 = sd->def2 * 75 / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // 戦太鼓�響�
-            sd->watk += sd->sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].val2;
-            sd->def += sd->sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].val3;
-            index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
-                sd->watk_ += sd->sc_data[SC_DRUMBATTLE].val2;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].timer != -1)
-        {                       // ニーベルング�指輪
-            index = sd->equip_index[9];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->wlv == 3)
-                sd->watk += sd->sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].val3;
-            index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->wlv == 3)
-                sd->watk_ += sd->sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].val3;
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->wlv == 4)
-                sd->watk += sd->sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].val2;
-            index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->wlv == 4)
-                sd->watk_ += sd->sc_data[SC_NIBELUNGEN].val2;
-        }
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].timer != -1 && sd->def_ele == 3)
-        {                       // ボルケーノ
-            sd->watk += sd->sc_data[SC_VIOLENTGALE].val3;
-        }
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].timer != -1)
-            sd->def =
-                sd->def * (100 - sd->sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].val2) / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ETERNALCHAOS].timer != -1)   // エターナルカオス
-            sd->def = 0;
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1)
-        {                       //コンセントレーション
-            sd->watk =
-                sd->watk * (100 +
-                            5 * sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
-            index = sd->equip_index[8];
-            if (index >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[index]
-                && sd->inventory_data[index]->type == 4)
-                sd->watk_ =
-                    sd->watk * (100 +
-                                5 * sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
-            sd->def =
-                sd->def * (100 -
-                           5 * sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1) / 100;
-        }
 
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_MAGICPOWER].timer != -1)
-        {                       //魔法力増幅
-            sd->matk1 =
-                sd->matk1 * (100 + 2 * sd->sc_data[SC_MAGICPOWER].val1) / 100;
-            sd->matk2 =
-                sd->matk2 * (100 + 2 * sd->sc_data[SC_MAGICPOWER].val1) / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ATKPOT].timer != -1)
-            sd->watk += sd->sc_data[SC_ATKPOT].val1;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_MATKPOT].timer != -1)
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_ATKPOT].timer)
+            sd->watk += sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_ATKPOT].val1;
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_MATKPOT].timer)
         {
-            sd->matk1 += sd->sc_data[SC_MATKPOT].val1;
-            sd->matk2 += sd->sc_data[SC_MATKPOT].val1;
+            sd->matk1 += sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_MATKPOT].val1;
+            sd->matk2 += sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_MATKPOT].val1;
         }
 
-        // ASPD/移動速度変化系
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer != -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1) // 2HQ
-            aspd_rate -= 30;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-        {                       // アドレナリンラッシュ
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].val2
-                || !battle_config.party_skill_penaly)
-                aspd_rate -= 30;
-            else
-                aspd_rate -= 25;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer != -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer == -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_QUAGMIRE].timer == -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)  // スピアクィッケン
-            aspd_rate -= sd->sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].val2;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].timer != -1 && // 夕陽�アサシンクロス
-            sd->sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer == -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer == -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer == -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer == -1)
-            aspd_rate -=
-                5 + sd->sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val1 +
-                sd->sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val2 + sd->sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].val3;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].timer != -1)
-        {                       // �を忘れ���
-            aspd_rate +=
-                sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val1 * 3 +
-                sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val2 +
-                (sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val3 >> 16);
-            sd->speed =
-                sd->speed * (100 + sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val1 * 2 +
-                             sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val2 +
-                             (sd->sc_data[SC_DONTFORGETME].val3 & 0xffff)) /
-                100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION2].timer != -1 || sd->sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION1].timer != -1 || sd->sc_data[i = SC_SPEEDPOTION0].timer != -1)   // 増 速�ーション
-            aspd_rate -= sd->sc_data[i].val1;
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0].timer)
+            aspd_rate -= sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0].val1;
 
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_HASTE].timer != -1)
-            aspd_rate -= sd->sc_data[SC_HASTE].val1;
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].timer)
+            aspd_rate -= sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HASTE].val1;
 
         /* Slow down if protected */
 
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_PHYS_SHIELD].timer != -1)
-            aspd_rate += sd->sc_data[SC_PHYS_SHIELD].val1;
-
-        // HIT/FLEE変化系
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // �笛
-            sd->flee += sd->flee * (sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val1
-                                    + sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val2 +
-                                    (sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val3 >> 16)) /
-                100;
-            sd->flee2 +=
-                (sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val1 + sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val2 +
-                 (sd->sc_data[SC_WHISTLE].val3 & 0xffff)) * 10;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_HUMMING].timer != -1)    // �ミング
-            sd->hit +=
-                (sd->sc_data[SC_HUMMING].val1 * 2 +
-                 sd->sc_data[SC_HUMMING].val2 +
-                 sd->sc_data[SC_HUMMING].val3) * sd->hit / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_VIOLENTGALE].timer != -1 && sd->def_ele == 4)
-        {                       // �イオレントゲイル
-            sd->flee += sd->flee * sd->sc_data[SC_VIOLENTGALE].val3 / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_BLIND].timer != -1)
-        {                       // æš—é»’
-            sd->hit -= sd->hit * 25 / 100;
-            sd->flee -= sd->flee * 25 / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1)   // ウィンドウォーク
-            sd->flee += sd->flee * (sd->sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].val2) / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_SPIDERWEB].timer != -1)  //スパイダーウェブ
-            sd->flee -= sd->flee * 50 / 100;
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)  //トゥルーサイト
-            sd->hit += 3 * (sd->sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1);
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1)  //コンセントレーション
-            sd->hit += (10 * (sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].val1));
-
-        // �性
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].timer != -1)
-        {                       // �死身�ジークフリード
-            sd->subele[1] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[2] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[3] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[4] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[5] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[6] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[7] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[8] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-            sd->subele[9] += sd->sc_data[SC_SIEGFRIED].val2;    // æ°´
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_PROVIDENCE].timer != -1)
-        {                       // プロヴィデンス
-            sd->subele[6] += sd->sc_data[SC_PROVIDENCE].val2;   // 対 �属性
-            sd->subrace[6] += sd->sc_data[SC_PROVIDENCE].val2;  // 対 悪魔
-        }
-
-        // ��他
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].timer != -1)
-        {                       // イドゥン�林檎
-            sd->status.max_hp +=
-                ((5 + sd->sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].val1 * 2 +
-                  ((sd->sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].val2 + 1) >> 1) +
-                  sd->sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].val3 / 10) * sd->status.max_hp) /
-                100;
-            if (sd->status.max_hp < 0
-                || sd->status.max_hp > battle_config.max_hp)
-                sd->status.max_hp = battle_config.max_hp;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DELUGE].timer != -1 && sd->def_ele == 1)
-        {                       // デリュージ
-            sd->status.max_hp +=
-                sd->status.max_hp * sd->sc_data[SC_DELUGE].val3 / 100;
-            if (sd->status.max_hp < 0
-                || sd->status.max_hp > battle_config.max_hp)
-                sd->status.max_hp = battle_config.max_hp;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].timer != -1)
-        {                       // サービスフォーユー
-            sd->status.max_sp +=
-                sd->status.max_sp * (10 + sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].val1 +
-                                     sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].val2 +
-                                     sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].val3) / 100;
-            if (sd->status.max_sp < 0
-                || sd->status.max_sp > battle_config.max_sp)
-                sd->status.max_sp = battle_config.max_sp;
-            sd->dsprate -=
-                (10 + sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].val1 * 3 +
-                 sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].val2 +
-                 sd->sc_data[SC_SERVICE4U].val3);
-            if (sd->dsprate < 0)
-                sd->dsprate = 0;
-        }
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].timer != -1)    // 幸��キス
-            sd->critical +=
-                (10 + sd->sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].val1 +
-                 sd->sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].val2 +
-                 sd->sc_data[SC_FORTUNE].val3) * 10;
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].timer != -1)
-        {                       // 爆裂波動
-            if (s_class.job == 23)
-                sd->critical += sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].val1 * 100;
-            else
-                sd->critical += sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].val2;
-        }
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1)
-        {                       // 金剛
-            sd->def = 90;
-            sd->mdef = 90;
-            aspd_rate += 25;
-            sd->speed = (sd->speed * 125) / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1)
-        {
-            sd->aspd += (550 - sd->sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val1 * 50);
-            sd->speed =
-                (sd->speed * (155 - sd->sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].val1 * 5)) / 100;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].timer != -1)
-            sd->addeff[4] += sd->sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].val2;
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)
-        {                       // 演�/ダンス使用中
-            sd->speed *= 4;
-            sd->nhealsp = 0;
-            sd->nshealsp = 0;
-            sd->nsshealsp = 0;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)
-            sd->speed += 450;
-
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)  //トゥルーサイト
-            sd->critical +=
-                sd->critical * (sd->sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].val1) / 100;
-
-/*		if(sd->sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].timer!=-1)	// エン�ャント�イズン(属性�battle.c�)
-			sd->addeff[2]+=sd->sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].val2;//% of granting
-		if(sd->sc_data[SC_DELUGE].timer!=-1)	// エン�ャント�イズン(属性�battle.c�)
-			sd->addeff[0]+=sd->sc_data[SC_DELUGE].val2;//% of granting
-		*/
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD].timer)
+            aspd_rate += sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD].val1;
     }
 
     if (sd->speed_rate != 100)
         sd->speed = sd->speed * sd->speed_rate / 100;
-    if (sd->speed < 1)
-        sd->speed = 1;
+    sd->speed = std::max(sd->speed, std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
     if (aspd_rate != 100)
         sd->aspd = sd->aspd * aspd_rate / 100;
-    if (pc_isriding (sd))       // 騎兵修練
-        sd->aspd =
-            sd->aspd * (100 +
-                        10 * (5 -
-                              pc_checkskill (sd, KN_CAVALIERMASTERY))) / 100;
 
     if (sd->attack_spell_override)
         sd->aspd = sd->attack_spell_delay;
 
-    if (sd->aspd < battle_config.max_aspd)
-        sd->aspd = battle_config.max_aspd;
+    sd->aspd = std::max(sd->aspd, static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.max_aspd));
     sd->amotion = sd->aspd;
-    sd->dmotion = 800 - sd->paramc[1] * 4;
-    if (sd->dmotion < 400)
-        sd->dmotion = 400;
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1 && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST)) > 0)
-    {
-        sd->prev_speed = sd->speed;
-        sd->speed = sd->speed * (175 - skill * 5) / 100;
-    }
+    sd->dmotion = std::chrono::milliseconds(800 - sd->paramc[ATTR::AGI] * 4);
+    sd->dmotion = std::max(sd->dmotion, std::chrono::milliseconds(400));
 
     if (sd->status.hp > sd->status.max_hp)
         sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
@@ -2388,86 +1470,69 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
         return 0;
     if (first & 3)
     {
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MAXHP);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MAXSP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SPEED);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MAXHP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MAXSP);
         if (first & 1)
         {
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
         }
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (b_class != sd->view_class)
-    {
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_BASE, sd->view_class);
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_WEAPON, 0);
-    }
-
-    if (memcmp (b_skill, sd->status.skill, sizeof (sd->status.skill))
+    if (memcmp(&b_skill, &sd->status.skill, sizeof(sd->status.skill))
         || b_attackrange != sd->attackrange)
-        clif_skillinfoblock (sd);   // スキル�信
+        clif_skillinfoblock(sd);   // スキル�信
 
     if (b_speed != sd->speed)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SPEED);
     if (b_weight != sd->weight)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_WEIGHT);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::WEIGHT);
     if (b_max_weight != sd->max_weight)
     {
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MAXWEIGHT);
-        pc_checkweighticon (sd);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MAXWEIGHT);
+        pc_checkweighticon(sd);
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    for (ATTR i : ATTRs)
         if (b_paramb[i] + b_parame[i] != sd->paramb[i] + sd->parame[i])
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STR + i);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_sp(i));
     if (b_hit != sd->hit)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HIT);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HIT);
     if (b_flee != sd->flee)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_FLEE1);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::FLEE1);
     if (b_aspd != sd->aspd)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ASPD);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ASPD);
     if (b_watk != sd->watk || b_base_atk != sd->base_atk)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ATK1);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ATK1);
     if (b_def != sd->def)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_DEF1);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::DEF1);
     if (b_watk2 != sd->watk2)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ATK2);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ATK2);
     if (b_def2 != sd->def2)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_DEF2);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::DEF2);
     if (b_flee2 != sd->flee2)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_FLEE2);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::FLEE2);
     if (b_critical != sd->critical)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_CRITICAL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::CRITICAL);
     if (b_matk1 != sd->matk1)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MATK1);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MATK1);
     if (b_matk2 != sd->matk2)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MATK2);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MATK2);
     if (b_mdef != sd->mdef)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MDEF1);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MDEF1);
     if (b_mdef2 != sd->mdef2)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MDEF2);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MDEF2);
     if (b_attackrange != sd->attackrange)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ATTACKRANGE);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ATTACKRANGE);
     if (b_max_hp != sd->status.max_hp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MAXHP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MAXHP);
     if (b_max_sp != sd->status.max_sp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MAXSP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::MAXSP);
     if (b_hp != sd->status.hp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
     if (b_sp != sd->status.sp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-
-/*	if(before.cart_num != before.cart_num || before.cart_max_num != before.cart_max_num ||
-		before.cart_weight != before.cart_weight || before.cart_max_weight != before.cart_max_weight )
-		clif_updatestatus(sd,SP_CARTINFO);*/
-
-    if (sd->status.hp < sd->status.max_hp >> 2
-        && pc_checkskill (sd, SM_AUTOBERSERK) > 0
-        && (sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer == -1
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val2 == 0) && !pc_isdead (sd))
-        // オート�ーサーク発動
-        skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_PROVOKE, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2476,121 +1541,118 @@ int pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *sd, int first)
  * 装 備��よる能力等�ボーナス設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_bonus (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
+int pc_bonus(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type, int val)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case SP_STR:
-        case SP_AGI:
-        case SP_VIT:
-        case SP_INT:
-        case SP_DEX:
-        case SP_LUK:
+        case SP::STR:
+        case SP::AGI:
+        case SP::VIT:
+        case SP::INT:
+        case SP::DEX:
+        case SP::LUK:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->parame[type - SP_STR] += val;
+                sd->parame[sp_to_attr(type)] += val;
             break;
-        case SP_ATK1:
+#if 0
+        case SP::ATK1:
             if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
                 sd->watk += val;
             else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
                 sd->watk_ += val;
             break;
-        case SP_ATK2:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::ATK2:
             if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
                 sd->watk2 += val;
             else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
                 sd->watk_2 += val;
             break;
-        case SP_BASE_ATK:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::BASE_ATK:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->base_atk += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MATK1:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::MATK1:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->matk1 += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MATK2:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->matk2 += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MATK:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::MATK2:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->matk1 += val;
                 sd->matk2 += val;
-            }
             break;
-        case SP_DEF1:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::DEF1:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->def += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MDEF1:
+#endif
+        case SP::MDEF1:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->mdef += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MDEF2:
+#if 0
+        case SP::MDEF2:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->mdef += val;
             break;
-        case SP_HIT:
+#endif
+        case SP::HIT:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->hit += val;
             else
                 sd->arrow_hit += val;
             break;
-        case SP_FLEE1:
+        case SP::FLEE1:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->flee += val;
             break;
-        case SP_FLEE2:
+#if 0
+        case SP::FLEE2:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->flee2 += val * 10;
             break;
-        case SP_CRITICAL:
+#endif
+        case SP::CRITICAL:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->critical += val * 10;
             else
                 sd->arrow_cri += val * 10;
             break;
-        case SP_ATKELE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->atk_ele = val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->atk_ele_ = val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 2)
-                sd->arrow_ele = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEFELE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->def_ele = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAXHP:
+        case SP::MAXHP:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->status.max_hp += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXSP:
+        case SP::MAXSP:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->status.max_sp += val;
             break;
-        case SP_CASTRATE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->castrate += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAXHPRATE:
+        case SP::MAXHPRATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->hprate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXSPRATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::MAXSPRATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->sprate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_SPRATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::SPRATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->dsprate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_ATTACKRANGE:
+#endif
+        case SP::ATTACKRANGE:
             if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
                 sd->attackrange += val;
             else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
@@ -2598,281 +1660,143 @@ int pc_bonus (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
             else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 2)
                 sd->arrow_range += val;
             break;
-        case SP_ADD_SPEED:
+#if 0
+        case SP::ADD_SPEED:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->speed -= val;
             break;
-        case SP_SPEED_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::SPEED_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
             {
                 if (sd->speed_rate > 100 - val)
                     sd->speed_rate = 100 - val;
             }
             break;
-        case SP_SPEED_ADDRATE:
+#endif
+        case SP::SPEED_ADDRATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->speed_add_rate = sd->speed_add_rate * (100 - val) / 100;
             break;
-        case SP_ASPD:
+#if 0
+        case SP::ASPD:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->aspd -= val * 10;
             break;
-        case SP_ASPD_RATE:
+#endif
+        case SP::ASPD_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
             {
                 if (sd->aspd_rate > 100 - val)
                     sd->aspd_rate = 100 - val;
             }
             break;
-        case SP_ASPD_ADDRATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::ASPD_ADDRATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->aspd_add_rate = sd->aspd_add_rate * (100 - val) / 100;
             break;
-        case SP_HP_RECOV_RATE:
+#endif
+        case SP::HP_RECOV_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->hprecov_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_SP_RECOV_RATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::SP_RECOV_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->sprecov_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_CRITICAL_DEF:
+#endif
+        case SP::CRITICAL_DEF:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->critical_def += val;
             break;
-        case SP_NEAR_ATK_DEF:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->near_attack_def_rate += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_LONG_ATK_DEF:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->long_attack_def_rate += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_DOUBLE_RATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::DOUBLE_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag == 0 && sd->double_rate < val)
                 sd->double_rate = val;
             break;
-        case SP_DOUBLE_ADD_RATE:
+#endif
+        case SP::DOUBLE_ADD_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag == 0)
                 sd->double_add_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MATK_RATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::MATK_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->matk_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_IGNORE_DEF_ELE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->ignore_def_ele |= 1 << val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->ignore_def_ele_ |= 1 << val;
-            break;
-        case SP_IGNORE_DEF_RACE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->ignore_def_race |= 1 << val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->ignore_def_race_ |= 1 << val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ATK_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::ATK_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->atk_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MAGIC_ATK_DEF:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->magic_def_rate += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MISC_ATK_DEF:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->misc_def_rate += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_IGNORE_MDEF_ELE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->ignore_mdef_ele |= 1 << val;
-            break;
-        case SP_IGNORE_MDEF_RACE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->ignore_mdef_race |= 1 << val;
-            break;
-        case SP_PERFECT_HIT_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::PERFECT_HIT_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2 && sd->perfect_hit < val)
                 sd->perfect_hit = val;
             break;
-        case SP_PERFECT_HIT_ADD_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::PERFECT_HIT_ADD_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->perfect_hit_add += val;
             break;
-        case SP_CRITICAL_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::CRITICAL_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->critical_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_GET_ZENY_NUM:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2 && sd->get_zeny_num < val)
-                sd->get_zeny_num = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ADD_GET_ZENY_NUM:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->get_zeny_add_num += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEF_RATIO_ATK_ELE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->def_ratio_atk_ele |= 1 << val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->def_ratio_atk_ele_ |= 1 << val;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEF_RATIO_ATK_RACE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->def_ratio_atk_race |= 1 << val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->def_ratio_atk_race_ |= 1 << val;
-            break;
-        case SP_HIT_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::HIT_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->hit_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_FLEE_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::FLEE_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->flee_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_FLEE2_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::FLEE2_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->flee2_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_DEF_RATE:
+#endif
+        case SP::DEF_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->def_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_DEF2_RATE:
+        case SP::DEF2_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->def2_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MDEF_RATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::MDEF_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->mdef_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_MDEF2_RATE:
+#endif
+#if 0
+        case SP::MDEF2_RATE:
             if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
                 sd->mdef2_rate += val;
             break;
-        case SP_RESTART_FULL_RECORVER:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.restart_full_recover = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_NO_CASTCANCEL:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.no_castcancel = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_NO_CASTCANCEL2:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.no_castcancel2 = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_NO_SIZEFIX:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.no_sizefix = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_NO_MAGIC_DAMAGE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.no_magic_damage = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_NO_WEAPON_DAMAGE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.no_weapon_damage = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_NO_GEMSTONE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.no_gemstone = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_INFINITE_ENDURE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->special_state.infinite_endure = 1;
-            break;
-        case SP_SPLASH_RANGE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2 && sd->splash_range < val)
-                sd->splash_range = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_SPLASH_ADD_RANGE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->splash_add_range += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_SHORT_WEAPON_DAMAGE_RETURN:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->short_weapon_damage_return += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_LONG_WEAPON_DAMAGE_RETURN:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->long_weapon_damage_return += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAGIC_DAMAGE_RETURN:   //AppleGirl Was Here
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->magic_damage_return += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ALL_STATS:     // [Valaris]
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->parame[SP_STR - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_AGI - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_VIT - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_INT - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_DEX - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_LUK - SP_STR] += val;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 13);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 14);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 15);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 16);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 17);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 18);
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI_VIT:       // [Valaris]
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->parame[SP_AGI - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_VIT - SP_STR] += val;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 14);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 15);
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI_DEX_STR:   // [Valaris]
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->parame[SP_AGI - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_DEX - SP_STR] += val;
-                sd->parame[SP_STR - SP_STR] += val;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 14);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 17);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, 13);
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_PERFECT_HIDE:  // [Valaris]
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->perfect_hiding = 1;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_DISGUISE:      // Disguise script for items [Valaris]
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2 && sd->disguiseflag == 0)
-            {
-                if (pc_isriding (sd))
-                {               // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris]
-                    clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
-                                         "Cannot wear disguise when riding a Peco.");
-                    break;
-                }
-                sd->disguise = val;
-                clif_clearchar (&sd->bl, 9);
-                pc_setpos (sd, sd->mapname, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 3);
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_UNBREAKABLE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->unbreakable += val;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_DEAF:
+#endif
+        case SP::DEAF:
             sd->special_state.deaf = 1;
             break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("pc_bonus: unknown type %d %d !\n", type, val);
+                PRINTF("pc_bonus: unknown type %d %d !\n",
+                        type, val);
             break;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -2882,179 +1806,13 @@ int pc_bonus (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
  * ｿｽｿｽ ｿｽｿｽｿｽiｿｽﾉゑｿｽｿｽｿｽｿｽ\ｿｽ�難ｿｽｿｽﾌボｿｽ[ｿｽiｿｽXｿｽ�抵ｿｽ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_bonus2 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int type2, int val)
+int pc_bonus2(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type, int type2, int val)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case SP_ADDELE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->addele[type2] += val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->addele_[type2] += val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 2)
-                sd->arrow_addele[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ADDRACE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->addrace[type2] += val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->addrace_[type2] += val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 2)
-                sd->arrow_addrace[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ADDSIZE:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-                sd->addsize[type2] += val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-                sd->addsize_[type2] += val;
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 2)
-                sd->arrow_addsize[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_SUBELE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->subele[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_SUBRACE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->subrace[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ADDEFF:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->addeff[type2] += val;
-            else
-                sd->arrow_addeff[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ADDEFF2:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->addeff2[type2] += val;
-            else
-                sd->arrow_addeff2[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_RESEFF:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->reseff[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAGIC_ADDELE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->magic_addele[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAGIC_ADDRACE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->magic_addrace[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_MAGIC_SUBRACE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->magic_subrace[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_ADD_DAMAGE_CLASS:
-            if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < sd->add_damage_class_count; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->add_damage_classid[i] == type2)
-                    {
-                        sd->add_damage_classrate[i] += val;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i >= sd->add_damage_class_count
-                    && sd->add_damage_class_count < 10)
-                {
-                    sd->add_damage_classid[sd->add_damage_class_count] =
-                        type2;
-                    sd->add_damage_classrate[sd->add_damage_class_count] +=
-                        val;
-                    sd->add_damage_class_count++;
-                }
-            }
-            else if (sd->state.lr_flag == 1)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < sd->add_damage_class_count_; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->add_damage_classid_[i] == type2)
-                    {
-                        sd->add_damage_classrate_[i] += val;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i >= sd->add_damage_class_count_
-                    && sd->add_damage_class_count_ < 10)
-                {
-                    sd->add_damage_classid_[sd->add_damage_class_count_] =
-                        type2;
-                    sd->add_damage_classrate_[sd->add_damage_class_count_] +=
-                        val;
-                    sd->add_damage_class_count_++;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_ADD_MAGIC_DAMAGE_CLASS:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < sd->add_magic_damage_class_count; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->add_magic_damage_classid[i] == type2)
-                    {
-                        sd->add_magic_damage_classrate[i] += val;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i >= sd->add_magic_damage_class_count
-                    && sd->add_magic_damage_class_count < 10)
-                {
-                    sd->add_magic_damage_classid
-                        [sd->add_magic_damage_class_count] = type2;
-                    sd->add_magic_damage_classrate
-                        [sd->add_magic_damage_class_count] += val;
-                    sd->add_magic_damage_class_count++;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_ADD_DEF_CLASS:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < sd->add_def_class_count; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->add_def_classid[i] == type2)
-                    {
-                        sd->add_def_classrate[i] += val;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i >= sd->add_def_class_count
-                    && sd->add_def_class_count < 10)
-                {
-                    sd->add_def_classid[sd->add_def_class_count] = type2;
-                    sd->add_def_classrate[sd->add_def_class_count] += val;
-                    sd->add_def_class_count++;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_ADD_MDEF_CLASS:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < sd->add_mdef_class_count; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->add_mdef_classid[i] == type2)
-                    {
-                        sd->add_mdef_classrate[i] += val;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i >= sd->add_mdef_class_count
-                    && sd->add_mdef_class_count < 10)
-                {
-                    sd->add_mdef_classid[sd->add_mdef_class_count] = type2;
-                    sd->add_mdef_classrate[sd->add_mdef_class_count] += val;
-                    sd->add_mdef_class_count++;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_HP_DRAIN_RATE:
+        case SP::HP_DRAIN_RATE:
             if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
             {
                 sd->hp_drain_rate += type2;
@@ -3066,7 +1824,8 @@ int pc_bonus2 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int type2, int val)
                 sd->hp_drain_per_ += val;
             }
             break;
-        case SP_SP_DRAIN_RATE:
+#if 0
+        case SP::SP_DRAIN_RATE:
             if (!sd->state.lr_flag)
             {
                 sd->sp_drain_rate += type2;
@@ -3078,77 +1837,13 @@ int pc_bonus2 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int type2, int val)
                 sd->sp_drain_per_ += val;
             }
             break;
-        case SP_WEAPON_COMA_ELE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->weapon_coma_ele[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_WEAPON_COMA_RACE:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-                sd->weapon_coma_race[type2] += val;
-            break;
-        case SP_RANDOM_ATTACK_INCREASE:    // [Valaris]
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->random_attack_increase_add = type2;
-                sd->random_attack_increase_per += val;
-                break;
-            }                   // end addition
-        default:
-            if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("pc_bonus2: unknown type %d %d %d!\n", type, type2,
-                        val);
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int pc_bonus3 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int type2, int type3,
-               int val)
-{
-    int  i;
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case SP_ADD_MONSTER_DROP_ITEM:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < sd->monster_drop_item_count; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->monster_drop_itemid[i] == type2)
-                    {
-                        sd->monster_drop_race[i] |= 1 << type3;
-                        if (sd->monster_drop_itemrate[i] < val)
-                            sd->monster_drop_itemrate[i] = val;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (i >= sd->monster_drop_item_count
-                    && sd->monster_drop_item_count < 10)
-                {
-                    sd->monster_drop_itemid[sd->monster_drop_item_count] =
-                        type2;
-                    sd->monster_drop_race[sd->monster_drop_item_count] |=
-                        1 << type3;
-                    sd->monster_drop_itemrate[sd->monster_drop_item_count] =
-                        val;
-                    sd->monster_drop_item_count++;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SP_AUTOSPELL:
-            if (sd->state.lr_flag != 2)
-            {
-                sd->autospell_id = type2;
-                sd->autospell_lv = type3;
-                sd->autospell_rate = val;
-            }
-            break;
+#endif
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("pc_bonus3: unknown type %d %d %d %d!\n", type, type2,
-                        type3, val);
+                PRINTF("pc_bonus2: unknown type %d %d %d!\n",
+                        type, type2, val);
             break;
     }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3156,165 +1851,69 @@ int pc_bonus3 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int type2, int type3,
  * スクリプト�よるスキル所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_skill (struct map_session_data *sd, int id, int level, int flag)
+int pc_skill(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID id, int level, int flag)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (level > MAX_SKILL_LEVEL)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("support card skill only!\n");
+            PRINTF("support card skill only!\n");
         return 0;
     }
-    if (!flag && (sd->status.skill[id].id == id || level == 0))
-    {                           // クエスト所得�ら����件を確����信�る
+    if (!flag && (sd->status.skill[id].lv || level == 0))
+    {
         sd->status.skill[id].lv = level;
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
     }
     else if (sd->status.skill[id].lv < level)
-    {                           // 覚�られる�lv�����ら
-        sd->status.skill[id].id = id;
+    {
         sd->status.skill[id].lv = level;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * カード挿入
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_insert_card (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx_card, int idx_equip)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (idx_card >= 0 && idx_card < MAX_INVENTORY && idx_equip >= 0
-        && idx_equip < MAX_INVENTORY && sd->inventory_data[idx_card])
-    {
-        int  i;
-        int  nameid = sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].nameid;
-        int  cardid = sd->status.inventory[idx_card].nameid;
-        int  ep = sd->inventory_data[idx_card]->equip;
-
-        if (nameid <= 0 || sd->inventory_data[idx_equip] == NULL ||
-            (sd->inventory_data[idx_equip]->type != 4 && sd->inventory_data[idx_equip]->type != 5) ||   // 装 備�ゃ��
-            (sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].identify == 0) ||  // 未鑑定
-            (sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].card[0] == 0x00ff) ||  // 製造武器
-            (sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].card[0] == 0x00fe) ||
-            ((sd->inventory_data[idx_equip]->equip & ep) == 0) ||    // 装 備個所��
-            (sd->inventory_data[idx_equip]->type == 4 && ep == 32) ||   // 両 手武器�盾カード
-            (sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].card[0] == (short) 0xff00)
-            || sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].equip)
-        {
-
-            clif_insert_card (sd, idx_equip, idx_card, 1);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        for (i = 0; i < sd->inventory_data[idx_equip]->slot; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].card[i] == 0)
-            {
-                // 空�スロット������差�込む
-                sd->status.inventory[idx_equip].card[i] = cardid;
-
-                // カード�減ら�
-                clif_insert_card (sd, idx_equip, idx_card, 0);
-                pc_delitem (sd, idx_card, 1, 1);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        clif_insert_card (sd, idx_equip, idx_card, 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-//
-// アイテム物
-//
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル�よる買�値修正
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_modifybuyvalue (struct map_session_data *sd, int orig_value)
-{
-    int  skill, val = orig_value, rate1 = 0, rate2 = 0;
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MC_DISCOUNT)) > 0)  // ディスカウント
-        rate1 = 5 + skill * 2 - ((skill == 10) ? 1 : 0);
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, RG_COMPULSION)) > 0)    // コムパルションディスカウント
-        rate2 = 5 + skill * 4;
-    if (rate1 < rate2)
-        rate1 = rate2;
-    if (rate1)
-        val = (int) ((double) orig_value * (double) (100 - rate1) / 100.);
-    if (val < 0)
-        val = 0;
-    if (orig_value > 0 && val < 1)
-        val = 1;
-
-    return val;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル�よる売り値修正
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_modifysellvalue (struct map_session_data *sd, int orig_value)
-{
-    int  skill, val = orig_value, rate = 0;
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MC_OVERCHARGE)) > 0)    // オー�ー�ャージ
-        rate = 5 + skill * 2 - ((skill == 10) ? 1 : 0);
-    if (rate)
-        val = (int) ((double) orig_value * (double) (100 + rate) / 100.);
-    if (val < 0)
-        val = 0;
-    if (orig_value > 0 && val < 1)
-        val = 1;
-
-    return val;
-}
 
 /*==========================================
  * アイテムを買��時��新��アイテム欄を使���
  * 3万個制����る�確�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_checkadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int nameid, int amount)
+ADDITEM pc_checkadditem(struct map_session_data *sd, int nameid, int amount)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(ADDITEM::ZERO, sd);
 
-    if (itemdb_isequip (nameid))
-        return ADDITEM_NEW;
+    if (itemdb_isequip(nameid))
+        return ADDITEM::NEW;
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid == nameid)
         {
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount + amount > MAX_AMOUNT)
-                return ADDITEM_OVERAMOUNT;
-            return ADDITEM_EXIST;
+                return ADDITEM::OVERAMOUNT;
+            return ADDITEM::EXIST;
         }
     }
 
     if (amount > MAX_AMOUNT)
-        return ADDITEM_OVERAMOUNT;
-    return ADDITEM_NEW;
+        return ADDITEM::OVERAMOUNT;
+    return ADDITEM::NEW;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 空�アイテム欄�個数
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_inventoryblank (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_inventoryblank(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, b;
+    int i, b;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0, b = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
@@ -3329,17 +1928,17 @@ int pc_inventoryblank (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * �金を払�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_payzeny (struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
+int pc_payzeny(struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
 {
     double z;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     z = (double) sd->status.zeny;
     if (sd->status.zeny < zeny || z - (double) zeny > MAX_ZENY)
         return 1;
     sd->status.zeny -= zeny;
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3348,11 +1947,11 @@ int pc_payzeny (struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
  * �金を得る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_getzeny (struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
+int pc_getzeny(struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
 {
     double z;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     z = (double) sd->status.zeny;
     if (z + (double) zeny > MAX_ZENY)
@@ -3361,7 +1960,7 @@ int pc_getzeny (struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
         sd->status.zeny = MAX_ZENY;
     }
     sd->status.zeny += zeny;
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3370,11 +1969,11 @@ int pc_getzeny (struct map_session_data *sd, int zeny)
  * アイテムを探���インデックスを返�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_search_inventory (struct map_session_data *sd, int item_id)
+int pc_search_inventory(struct map_session_data *sd, int item_id)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
@@ -3386,12 +1985,12 @@ int pc_search_inventory (struct map_session_data *sd, int item_id)
     return -1;
 }
 
-int pc_count_all_items (struct map_session_data *player, int item_id)
+int pc_count_all_items(struct map_session_data *player, int item_id)
 {
-    int  i;
-    int  count = 0;
+    int i;
+    int count = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, player);
+    nullpo_ret(player);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
@@ -3402,24 +2001,24 @@ int pc_count_all_items (struct map_session_data *player, int item_id)
     return count;
 }
 
-int pc_remove_items (struct map_session_data *player, int item_id, int count)
+int pc_remove_items(struct map_session_data *player, int item_id, int count)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, player);
+    nullpo_ret(player);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY && count; i++)
     {
         if (player->status.inventory[i].nameid == item_id)
         {
-            int  to_delete = count;
+            int to_delete = count;
             /* only delete as much as we have */
             if (to_delete > player->status.inventory[i].amount)
                 to_delete = player->status.inventory[i].amount;
 
             count -= to_delete;
 
-            pc_delitem (player, i, to_delete,
+            pc_delitem(player, i, to_delete,
                         0 /* means `really delete and update status' */ );
 
             if (!count)
@@ -3433,26 +2032,26 @@ int pc_remove_items (struct map_session_data *player, int item_id, int count)
  * アイテム追加。個数��item構造体�数字を無視
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item_data,
+PickupFail pc_additem(struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item_data,
                 int amount)
 {
     struct item_data *data;
-    int  i, w;
+    int i, w;
 
-    MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "PICKUP %d %d", item_data->nameid, amount);
+    MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "PICKUP %d %d", item_data->nameid, amount);
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (1, item_data);
+    nullpo_retr(PickupFail::BAD_ITEM, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(PickupFail::BAD_ITEM, item_data);
 
     if (item_data->nameid <= 0 || amount <= 0)
-        return 1;
-    data = itemdb_search (item_data->nameid);
+        return PickupFail::BAD_ITEM;
+    data = itemdb_search(item_data->nameid);
     if ((w = data->weight * amount) + sd->weight > sd->max_weight)
-        return 2;
+        return PickupFail::TOO_HEAVY;
 
     i = MAX_INVENTORY;
 
-    if (!itemdb_isequip2 (data))
+    if (!itemdb_isequip2(data))
     {
         // 装 備��������既所有��ら個数��変化��る
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
@@ -3463,47 +2062,47 @@ int pc_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item_data,
                 && sd->status.inventory[i].card[3] == item_data->card[3])
             {
                 if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount + amount > MAX_AMOUNT)
-                    return 5;
+                    return PickupFail::STACK_FULL;
                 sd->status.inventory[i].amount += amount;
-                clif_additem (sd, i, amount, 0);
+                clif_additem(sd, i, amount, PickupFail::OKAY);
                 break;
             }
     }
     if (i >= MAX_INVENTORY)
     {
         // 装 備��未所有������空�欄�追加
-        i = pc_search_inventory (sd, 0);
+        i = pc_search_inventory(sd, 0);
         if (i >= 0)
         {
-            memcpy (&sd->status.inventory[i], item_data,
-                    sizeof (sd->status.inventory[0]));
+            memcpy(&sd->status.inventory[i], item_data,
+                    sizeof(sd->status.inventory[0]));
 
-            if (item_data->equip)
-                sd->status.inventory[i].equip = 0;
+            if (bool(item_data->equip))
+                sd->status.inventory[i].equip = EPOS::ZERO;
 
             sd->status.inventory[i].amount = amount;
             sd->inventory_data[i] = data;
-            clif_additem (sd, i, amount, 0);
+            clif_additem(sd, i, amount, PickupFail::OKAY);
         }
         else
-            return 4;
+            return PickupFail::INV_FULL;
     }
     sd->weight += w;
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_WEIGHT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::WEIGHT);
 
-    return 0;
+    return PickupFail::OKAY;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * アイテムを減ら�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int type)
+int pc_delitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (sd->trade_partner != 0)
-        trade_tradecancel (sd);
+        trade_tradecancel(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.inventory[n].nameid == 0 || amount <= 0
         || sd->status.inventory[n].amount < amount
@@ -3514,16 +2113,16 @@ int pc_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int type)
     sd->weight -= sd->inventory_data[n]->weight * amount;
     if (sd->status.inventory[n].amount <= 0)
     {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip)
-            pc_unequipitem (sd, n, 0);
-        memset (&sd->status.inventory[n], 0,
-                sizeof (sd->status.inventory[0]));
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip))
+            pc_unequipitem(sd, n, CalcStatus::NOW);
+        memset(&sd->status.inventory[n], 0,
+                sizeof(sd->status.inventory[0]));
         sd->inventory_data[n] = NULL;
     }
     if (!(type & 1))
-        clif_delitem (sd, n, amount);
+        clif_delitem(sd, n, amount);
     if (!(type & 2))
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_WEIGHT);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::WEIGHT);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3532,11 +2131,11 @@ int pc_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int type)
  * アイテムを��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_dropitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
+int pc_dropitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
-    if (sd->trade_partner != 0 || sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->state.storage_flag)
+    if (sd->trade_partner != 0 || sd->npc_id != 0 || sd->state.storage_open)
         return 0;               // no dropping while trading/npc/storage
 
     if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_INVENTORY)
@@ -3545,15 +2144,16 @@ int pc_dropitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
     if (amount <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    pc_unequipinvyitem (sd, n, 0);
+    pc_unequipinvyitem(sd, n, CalcStatus::NOW);
 
     if (sd->status.inventory[n].nameid <= 0 ||
         sd->status.inventory[n].amount < amount ||
         sd->trade_partner != 0 || sd->status.inventory[n].amount <= 0)
         return 1;
-    map_addflooritem (&sd->status.inventory[n], amount, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x,
-                      sd->bl.y, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-    pc_delitem (sd, n, amount, 0);
+    map_addflooritem(&sd->status.inventory[n], amount,
+            sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
+            NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    pc_delitem(sd, n, amount, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3563,15 +2163,16 @@ int pc_dropitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-static int can_pick_item_up_from (struct map_session_data *self, int other_id)
+static
+int can_pick_item_up_from(struct map_session_data *self, int other_id)
 {
-    struct party *p = party_search (self->status.party_id);
+    struct party *p = party_search(self->status.party_id);
 
     /* From ourselves or from no-one? */
     if (!self || self->bl.id == other_id || !other_id)
         return 1;
 
-    struct map_session_data *other = map_id2sd (other_id);
+    struct map_session_data *other = map_id2sd(other_id);
 
     /* Other no longer exists? */
     if (!other)
@@ -3593,22 +2194,21 @@ static int can_pick_item_up_from (struct map_session_data *self, int other_id)
         return 1;
     else
     {
-        int  distance_x = abs (other->bl.x - self->bl.x);
-        int  distance_y = abs (other->bl.y - self->bl.y);
-        int  distance = (distance_x > distance_y) ? distance_x : distance_y;
+        int distance_x = abs(other->bl.x - self->bl.x);
+        int distance_y = abs(other->bl.y - self->bl.y);
+        int distance = (distance_x > distance_y) ? distance_x : distance_y;
 
         return distance > battle_config.drop_pickup_safety_zone;
     }
 }
 
-int pc_takeitem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct flooritem_data *fitem)
+int pc_takeitem(struct map_session_data *sd, struct flooritem_data *fitem)
 {
-    int  flag;
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-    int  can_take;
+    tick_t tick = gettick();
+    int can_take;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, fitem);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    nullpo_ret(fitem);
 
     /* Sometimes the owners reported to us are buggy: */
 
@@ -3622,14 +2222,14 @@ int pc_takeitem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct flooritem_data *fitem)
         fitem->third_get_id = 0;
     }
 
-    can_take = can_pick_item_up_from (sd, fitem->first_get_id);
+    can_take = can_pick_item_up_from(sd, fitem->first_get_id);
     if (!can_take)
         can_take = fitem->first_get_tick <= tick
-            && can_pick_item_up_from (sd, fitem->second_get_id);
+            && can_pick_item_up_from(sd, fitem->second_get_id);
 
     if (!can_take)
         can_take = fitem->second_get_tick <= tick
-            && can_pick_item_up_from (sd, fitem->third_get_id);
+            && can_pick_item_up_from(sd, fitem->third_get_id);
 
     if (!can_take)
         can_take = fitem->third_get_tick <= tick;
@@ -3638,54 +2238,51 @@ int pc_takeitem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct flooritem_data *fitem)
     {
         /* Can pick up */
 
-        if ((flag =
-             pc_additem (sd, &fitem->item_data, fitem->item_data.amount)))
+        PickupFail flag = pc_additem(sd, &fitem->item_data, fitem->item_data.amount);
+        if (flag != PickupFail::OKAY)
             // ��over��得失敗
-            clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
+            clif_additem(sd, 0, 0, flag);
         else
         {
             // �得�功
-            if (sd->attacktimer != -1)
-                pc_stopattack (sd);
-            clif_takeitem (&sd->bl, &fitem->bl);
-            map_clearflooritem (fitem->bl.id);
+            if (sd->attacktimer)
+                pc_stopattack(sd);
+            clif_takeitem(&sd->bl, &fitem->bl);
+            map_clearflooritem(fitem->bl.id);
         }
         return 0;
     }
 
     /* Otherwise, we can't pick up */
-    clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, 6);
+    clif_additem(sd, 0, 0, PickupFail::DROP_STEAL);
     return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int pc_isUseitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
+int pc_isUseitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
 {
     struct item_data *item;
-    int  nameid;
+    int nameid;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     item = sd->inventory_data[n];
     nameid = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
 
     if (item == NULL)
         return 0;
-    if (itemdb_type (nameid) != 0)
-        return 0;
-    if ((nameid == 605) && map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
+    if (itemdb_type(nameid) != ItemType::USE)
         return 0;
     if (nameid == 601
-        && (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noteleport || map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg))
+        && (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noteleport))
     {
-        clif_skill_teleportmessage (sd, 0);
         return 0;
     }
 
     if (nameid == 602 && map[sd->bl.m].flag.noreturn)
         return 0;
     if (nameid == 604
-        && (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nobranch || map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg))
+        && (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nobranch))
         return 0;
     if (item->sex != 2 && sd->status.sex != item->sex)
         return 0;
@@ -3699,362 +2296,51 @@ int pc_isUseitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
  * アイテムを使�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_useitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
+int pc_useitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
 {
-    int  nameid, amount;
+    int amount;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (n >= 0 && n < MAX_INVENTORY && sd->inventory_data[n])
     {
-        nameid = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
         amount = sd->status.inventory[n].amount;
         if (sd->status.inventory[n].nameid <= 0
             || sd->status.inventory[n].amount <= 0
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1 || !pc_isUseitem (sd, n))
+            || !pc_isUseitem(sd, n))
         {
-            clif_useitemack (sd, n, 0, 0);
+            clif_useitemack(sd, n, 0, 0);
             return 1;
         }
 
-        run_script (sd->inventory_data[n]->use_script, 0, sd->bl.id, 0);
+        run_script(sd->inventory_data[n]->use_script, 0, sd->bl.id, 0);
 
-        clif_useitemack (sd, n, amount - 1, 1);
-        pc_delitem (sd, n, 1, 1);
+        clif_useitemack(sd, n, amount - 1, 1);
+        pc_delitem(sd, n, 1, 1);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * カートアイテム追加。個数��item構造体�数字を無視
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_cart_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item_data,
-                     int amount)
-{
-    struct item_data *data;
-    int  i, w;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (1, item_data);
-
-    if (item_data->nameid <= 0 || amount <= 0)
-        return 1;
-    data = itemdb_search (item_data->nameid);
-
-    if ((w = data->weight * amount) + sd->cart_weight > sd->cart_max_weight)
-        return 1;
-
-    i = MAX_CART;
-    if (!itemdb_isequip2 (data))
-    {
-        // 装 備��������既所有��ら個数��変化��る
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.cart[i].nameid == item_data->nameid &&
-                sd->status.cart[i].card[0] == item_data->card[0]
-                && sd->status.cart[i].card[1] == item_data->card[1]
-                && sd->status.cart[i].card[2] == item_data->card[2]
-                && sd->status.cart[i].card[3] == item_data->card[3])
-            {
-                if (sd->status.cart[i].amount + amount > MAX_AMOUNT)
-                    return 1;
-                sd->status.cart[i].amount += amount;
-                clif_cart_additem (sd, i, amount, 0);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (i >= MAX_CART)
-    {
-        // 装 備��未所有������空�欄�追加
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.cart[i].nameid == 0)
-            {
-                memcpy (&sd->status.cart[i], item_data,
-                        sizeof (sd->status.cart[0]));
-                sd->status.cart[i].amount = amount;
-                sd->cart_num++;
-                clif_cart_additem (sd, i, amount, 0);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (i >= MAX_CART)
-            return 1;
-    }
-    sd->cart_weight += w;
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_CARTINFO);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * カートアイテムを減ら�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_cart_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int type)
+static
+int pc_cart_delitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount, int)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (sd->status.cart[n].nameid == 0 || sd->status.cart[n].amount < amount)
         return 1;
 
     sd->status.cart[n].amount -= amount;
-    sd->cart_weight -= itemdb_weight (sd->status.cart[n].nameid) * amount;
+    sd->cart_weight -= itemdb_weight(sd->status.cart[n].nameid) * amount;
     if (sd->status.cart[n].amount <= 0)
     {
-        memset (&sd->status.cart[n], 0, sizeof (sd->status.cart[0]));
+        memset(&sd->status.cart[n], 0, sizeof(sd->status.cart[0]));
         sd->cart_num--;
     }
-    if (!type)
-    {
-        clif_cart_delitem (sd, n, amount);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_CARTINFO);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�アイテム移動
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_putitemtocart (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int amount)
-{
-    struct item *item_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (idx < 0 || idx >= MAX_INVENTORY)
-        return 1;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, item_data = &sd->status.inventory[idx]);
-
-    if (!pc_iscarton (sd))
-        return 1;
-    if (item_data->nameid == 0 || item_data->amount < amount)
-        return 1;
-    if (pc_cart_additem (sd, item_data, amount) == 0)
-        return pc_delitem (sd, idx, amount, 0);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート内�アイテム数確�(個数�差分を返�)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_cartitem_amount (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int amount)
-{
-    struct item *item_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
-
-    if (idx < 0 || idx >= MAX_CART)
-        return -1;
-
-    nullpo_retr (-1, item_data = &sd->status.cart[idx]);
-
-    if (!pc_iscarton (sd))
-        return -1;
-    if (item_data->nameid == 0 || !item_data->amount)
-        return -1;
-    return item_data->amount - amount;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート�らアイテム移動
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-int pc_getitemfromcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int amount)
-{
-    struct item *item_data;
-    int  flag;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (idx < 0 || idx >= MAX_CART)
-        return 1;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, item_data = &sd->status.cart[idx]);
-
-    if (!pc_iscarton (sd))
-        return 1;
-    if (item_data->nameid == 0 || item_data->amount < amount)
-        return 1;
-    if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, item_data, amount)) == 0)
-        return pc_cart_delitem (sd, idx, amount, 0);
-
-    clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * アイテム鑑定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_item_identify (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx)
-{
-    int  flag = 1;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (idx >= 0 && idx < MAX_INVENTORY)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[idx].nameid > 0
-            && sd->status.inventory[idx].identify == 0)
-        {
-            flag = 0;
-            sd->status.inventory[idx].identify = 1;
-        }
-        clif_item_identified (sd, idx, flag);
-    }
-    else
-        clif_item_identified (sd, idx, flag);
-
-    return !flag;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スティル�公開
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int pc_show_steal (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  itemid;
-    int  type;
-
-    struct item_data *item = NULL;
-    char output[100];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = va_arg (ap, struct map_session_data *));
-
-    itemid = va_arg (ap, int);
-    type = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    if (!type)
-    {
-        if ((item = itemdb_exists (itemid)) == NULL)
-            sprintf (output, "%s stole an Unknown_Item.", sd->status.name);
-        else
-            sprintf (output, "%s stole %s.", sd->status.name, item->jname);
-        clif_displaymessage (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->fd, output);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "%s has not stolen the item because of being  overweight.",
-                 sd->status.name);
-        clif_displaymessage (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->fd, output);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-//** pc.c: Small Steal Item fix by fritz
-int pc_steal_item (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    if (sd != NULL && bl != NULL && bl->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        int  i, skill, rate, itemid, flag, count;
-        struct mob_data *md;
-        md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-        if (!md->state.steal_flag && mob_db[md->mob_class].mexp <= 0 &&
-            !(mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x20) &&
-            md->sc_data[SC_STONE].timer == -1 &&
-            md->sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer == -1 &&
-            (!(md->mob_class > 1324 && md->mob_class < 1364)))   // prevent stealing from treasure boxes [Valaris]
-        {
-            skill = sd->paramc[4] - mob_db[md->mob_class].dex
-                + pc_checkskill (sd, TF_STEAL) + 10;
-
-            if (0 < skill)
-            {
-                for (count = 8; count <= 8 && count != 0; count--)
-                {
-                    i = rand () % 8;
-                    itemid = mob_db[md->mob_class].dropitem[i].nameid;
-
-                    if (itemid > 0 && itemdb_type (itemid) != 6)
-                    {
-                        rate =
-                            (mob_db[md->mob_class].dropitem[i].p /
-                             battle_config.item_rate_common * 100 * skill) /
-                            100;
-
-                        if (rand () % 10000 < rate)
-                        {
-                            struct item tmp_item;
-                            memset (&tmp_item, 0, sizeof (tmp_item));
-                            tmp_item.nameid = itemid;
-                            tmp_item.amount = 1;
-                            tmp_item.identify = 1;
-                            flag = pc_additem (sd, &tmp_item, 1);
-                            if (battle_config.show_steal_in_same_party)
-                            {
-                                party_foreachsamemap (pc_show_steal, sd, 1,
-                                                      sd, tmp_item.nameid, 0);
-                            }
-
-                            if (flag)
-                            {
-                                if (battle_config.show_steal_in_same_party)
-                                {
-                                    party_foreachsamemap (pc_show_steal, sd,
-                                                          1, sd,
-                                                          tmp_item.nameid, 1);
-                                }
-
-                                clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-                            }
-                            md->state.steal_flag = 1;
-                            return 1;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_steal_coin (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    if (sd != NULL && bl != NULL && bl->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        int  rate, skill;
-        struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-        if (md && !md->state.steal_coin_flag && md->sc_data
-            && md->sc_data[SC_STONE].timer == -1
-            && md->sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer == -1)
-        {
-            skill = pc_checkskill (sd, RG_STEALCOIN) * 10;
-            rate =
-                skill + (sd->status.base_level - mob_db[md->mob_class].lv) * 3 +
-                sd->paramc[4] * 2 + sd->paramc[5] * 2;
-            if (MRAND (1000) < rate)
-            {
-                pc_getzeny (sd, mob_db[md->mob_class].lv * 10 + MRAND (100));
-                md->state.steal_coin_flag = 1;
-                return 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4066,135 +2352,103 @@ int pc_steal_coin (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl)
  * PC��置設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setpos (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname_org, int x, int y,
-               int clrtype)
+int pc_setpos(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname_org, int x, int y,
+       BeingRemoveWhy clrtype)
 {
     char mapname[24];
-    int  m = 0, c = 0, disguise = 0;
+    int m = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->chatID)             // �ャット�ら出る
-        chat_leavechat (sd);
+        chat_leavechat(sd);
     if (sd->trade_partner)      // �引を中断�る
-        trade_tradecancel (sd);
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-        storage_storage_quit (sd);  // 倉庫を開��る�ら�存�る
-    else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-        storage_guild_storage_quit (sd, 0);
+        trade_tradecancel(sd);
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
+        storage_storage_quit(sd);  // 倉庫を開��る�ら�存�る
 
     if (sd->party_invite > 0)   // パーティ勧誘を拒��る
-        party_reply_invite (sd, sd->party_invite_account, 0);
-    if (sd->guild_invite > 0)   // ギルド勧誘を拒��る
-        guild_reply_invite (sd, sd->guild_invite, 0);
-    if (sd->guild_alliance > 0) // ギルド�盟勧誘を拒��る
-        guild_reply_reqalliance (sd, sd->guild_alliance_account, 0);
+        party_reply_invite(sd, sd->party_invite_account, 0);
 
-    skill_castcancel (&sd->bl, 0);  // 詠唱中断
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);    // 歩行中断
-    pc_stopattack (sd);         // 攻撃中断
+    skill_castcancel(&sd->bl, 0);  // 詠唱中断
+    pc_stop_walking(sd, 0);    // 歩行中断
+    pc_stopattack(sd);         // 攻撃中断
 
-    if (pc_issit (sd))
+    if (pc_issit(sd))
     {
 //        pc_setstand (sd); // [fate] Nothing wrong with warping while sitting
-        skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 0);
-    }
-
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_TRICKDEAD, -1);
-    if (sd->status.option & 2)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-    if (sd->status.option & 4)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-    if (sd->status.option & 16386)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CHASEWALK, -1);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)    // clear dance effect when warping [Valaris]
-        skill_stop_dancing (&sd->bl, 0);
-
-    if (sd->disguise)
-    {                           // clear disguises when warping [Valaris]
-        clif_clearchar (&sd->bl, 9);
-        disguise = sd->disguise;
-        sd->disguise = 0;
-    }
-
-    memcpy (mapname, mapname_org, 24);
+        skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 0);
+    }
+
+    memcpy(mapname, mapname_org, 24);
     mapname[16] = 0;
-    if (strstr (mapname, ".gat") == NULL && strlen (mapname) < 16)
+    if (strstr(mapname, ".gat") == NULL && strlen(mapname) < 16)
     {
-        strcat (mapname, ".gat");
+        strcat(mapname, ".gat");
     }
 
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
     if (m < 0)
     {
         if (sd->mapname[0])
         {
             struct in_addr ip;
             int port;
-            if (map_mapname2ipport (mapname, &ip, &port) == 0)
+            if (map_mapname2ipport(mapname, &ip, &port) == 0)
             {
-                skill_stop_dancing (&sd->bl, 1);
-                skill_unit_out_all (&sd->bl, gettick (), 1);
-                clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, clrtype & 0xffff);
-                skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 0);
-                map_delblock (&sd->bl);
-                memcpy (sd->mapname, mapname, 24);
+                skill_stop_dancing(&sd->bl, 1);
+                clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, clrtype);
+                skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 0);
+                map_delblock(&sd->bl);
+                memcpy(sd->mapname, mapname, 24);
                 sd->bl.x = x;
                 sd->bl.y = y;
                 sd->state.waitingdisconnect = 1;
-                pc_makesavestatus (sd);
+                pc_makesavestatus(sd);
                 //The storage close routines save the char data. [Skotlex]
-                if (!sd->state.storage_flag)
-                    chrif_save (sd);
-                else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-                    storage_storage_quit (sd);
-                else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-                    storage_guild_storage_quit (sd, 1);
-
-                chrif_changemapserver (sd, mapname, x, y, ip, port);
+                if (!sd->state.storage_open)
+                    chrif_save(sd);
+                else if (sd->state.storage_open)
+                    storage_storage_quit(sd);
+
+                chrif_changemapserver(sd, mapname, x, y, ip, port);
                 return 0;
             }
         }
 #if 0
-        clif_authfail_fd (sd->fd, 0);   // cancel
-        clif_setwaitclose (sd->fd);
+        clif_authfail_fd(sd->fd, 0);   // cancel
+        clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd);
 #endif
         return 1;
     }
 
     if (x < 0 || x >= map[m].xs || y < 0 || y >= map[m].ys)
         x = y = 0;
-    if ((x == 0 && y == 0) || (c = read_gat (m, x, y)) == 1 || c == 5)
+    if ((x == 0 && y == 0)
+        || bool(read_gat(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
     {
         if (x || y)
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("stacked (%d,%d)\n", x, y);
+                PRINTF("stacked (%d,%d)\n", x, y);
         }
         do
         {
-            x = MRAND (map[m].xs - 2) + 1;
-            y = MRAND (map[m].ys - 2) + 1;
+            x = random_::in(1, map[m].xs - 2);
+            y = random_::in(1, map[m].ys - 2);
         }
-        while ((c = read_gat (m, x, y)) == 1 || c == 5);
+        while (bool(read_gat(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE));
     }
 
     if (sd->mapname[0] && sd->bl.prev != NULL)
     {
-        skill_unit_out_all (&sd->bl, gettick (), 1);
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, clrtype & 0xffff);
-        skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 0);
-        map_delblock (&sd->bl);
-        clif_changemap (sd, map[m].name, x, y); // [MouseJstr]
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, clrtype);
+        skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 0);
+        map_delblock(&sd->bl);
+        clif_changemap(sd, map[m].name, x, y); // [MouseJstr]
     }
 
-    if (disguise)               // disguise teleport fix [Valaris]
-        sd->disguise = disguise;
-
-    memcpy (sd->mapname, mapname, 24);
+    memcpy(sd->mapname, mapname, 24);
     sd->bl.m = m;
     sd->to_x = x;
     sd->to_y = y;
@@ -4214,12 +2468,12 @@ int pc_setpos (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname_org, int x, int
  * PC�ランダムワープ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_randomwarp (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_randomwarp(struct map_session_data *sd, BeingRemoveWhy type)
 {
-    int  x, y, c, i = 0;
-    int  m;
+    int x, y, i = 0;
+    int m;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     m = sd->bl.m;
 
@@ -4228,87 +2482,28 @@ int pc_randomwarp (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 
     do
     {
-        x = MRAND (map[m].xs - 2) + 1;
-        y = MRAND (map[m].ys - 2) + 1;
+        x = random_::in(1, map[m].xs - 2);
+        y = random_::in(1, map[m].ys - 2);
     }
-    while (((c = read_gat (m, x, y)) == 1 || c == 5) && (i++) < 1000);
+    while (bool(read_gat(m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE)
+        && (i++) < 1000);
 
     if (i < 1000)
-        pc_setpos (sd, map[m].name, x, y, type);
+        pc_setpos(sd, map[m].name, x, y, type);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * �在�置�メモ
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_memo (struct map_session_data *sd, int i)
-{
-    int  skill;
-    int  j;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    skill = pc_checkskill (sd, AL_WARP);
-
-    if (i >= MIN_PORTAL_MEMO)
-        i -= MIN_PORTAL_MEMO;
-    else if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nomemo
-             || (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nowarpto
-                 && battle_config.any_warp_GM_min_level > pc_isGM (sd)))
-    {
-        clif_skill_teleportmessage (sd, 1);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (skill < 1)
-    {
-        clif_skill_memo (sd, 2);
-    }
-
-    if (skill < 2 || i < -1 || i > 2)
-    {
-        clif_skill_memo (sd, 1);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
-    {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.memo_point[j].map, map[sd->bl.m].name) == 0)
-        {
-            i = j;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i == -1)
-    {
-        for (i = skill - 3; i >= 0; i--)
-        {
-            memcpy (&sd->status.memo_point[i + 1], &sd->status.memo_point[i],
-                    sizeof (struct point));
-        }
-        i = 0;
-    }
-    memcpy (sd->status.memo_point[i].map, map[sd->bl.m].name, 24);
-    sd->status.memo_point[i].x = sd->bl.x;
-    sd->status.memo_point[i].y = sd->bl.y;
-
-    clif_skill_memo (sd, 0);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_can_reach (struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
+static
+int pc_can_reach(struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
 {
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->bl.x == x && sd->bl.y == y) // ��マス
         return 1;
@@ -4317,7 +2512,7 @@ int pc_can_reach (struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
     wpd.path_len = 0;
     wpd.path_pos = 0;
     wpd.path_half = 0;
-    return (path_search (&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, x, y, 0) !=
+    return (path_search(&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, x, y, 0) !=
             -1) ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
@@ -4328,13 +2523,14 @@ int pc_can_reach (struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
  * 次�1歩���る時間を計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int calc_next_walk_step (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+interval_t calc_next_walk_step(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), sd);
 
     if (sd->walkpath.path_pos >= sd->walkpath.path_len)
-        return -1;
-    if (sd->walkpath.path[sd->walkpath.path_pos] & 1)
+        return static_cast<interval_t>(-1);
+    if (dir_is_diagonal(sd->walkpath.path[sd->walkpath.path_pos]))
         return sd->speed * 14 / 10;
 
     return sd->speed;
@@ -4344,136 +2540,119 @@ static int calc_next_walk_step (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * �歩進む(timer関数)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void pc_walk (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+static
+void pc_walk(TimerData *, tick_t tick, int id, unsigned char data)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i, ctype;
-    int  moveblock;
-    int  x, y, dx, dy;
+    int moveblock;
+    int x, y, dx, dy;
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(id);
     if (sd == NULL)
         return;
 
-    if (sd->walktimer != tid)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("pc_walk %d != %d\n", sd->walktimer, tid);
-        return;
-    }
-    sd->walktimer = -1;
     if (sd->walkpath.path_pos >= sd->walkpath.path_len
         || sd->walkpath.path_pos != data)
         return;
 
-    //歩�������タイマーを�期化
-    sd->inchealspirithptick = 0;
-    sd->inchealspiritsptick = 0;
-
     sd->walkpath.path_half ^= 1;
     if (sd->walkpath.path_half == 0)
     {                           // マス目中心�到�
         sd->walkpath.path_pos++;
         if (sd->state.change_walk_target)
         {
-            pc_walktoxy_sub (sd);
+            pc_walktoxy_sub(sd);
             return;
         }
     }
     else
     {                           // マス目境界�到�
-        if (sd->walkpath.path[sd->walkpath.path_pos] >= 8)
+        if (sd->walkpath.path[sd->walkpath.path_pos] >= DIR::COUNT)
             return;
 
         x = sd->bl.x;
         y = sd->bl.y;
-        ctype = map_getcell (sd->bl.m, x, y);
-        if (ctype == 1 || ctype == 5)
+        if (bool(map_getcell(sd->bl.m, x, y) & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
         {
-            pc_stop_walking (sd, 1);
+            pc_stop_walking(sd, 1);
             return;
         }
         sd->dir = sd->head_dir = sd->walkpath.path[sd->walkpath.path_pos];
-        dx = dirx[(int) sd->dir];
-        dy = diry[(int) sd->dir];
-        ctype = map_getcell (sd->bl.m, x + dx, y + dy);
-        if (ctype == 1 || ctype == 5)
+        dx = dirx[sd->dir];
+        dy = diry[sd->dir];
+        if (bool(map_getcell(sd->bl.m, x + dx, y + dy)
+                & MapCell::UNWALKABLE))
         {
-            pc_walktoxy_sub (sd);
+            pc_walktoxy_sub(sd);
             return;
         }
 
         moveblock = (x / BLOCK_SIZE != (x + dx) / BLOCK_SIZE
                      || y / BLOCK_SIZE != (y + dy) / BLOCK_SIZE);
 
-        sd->walktimer = 1;
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_pcoutsight, sd->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               y - AREA_SIZE, x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
-                               dx, dy, 0, sd);
+        // sd->walktimer = dummy value that is not nullptr;
+        map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(clif_pcoutsight, ph::_1, sd),
+                sd->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
+                x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
+                dx, dy,
+                BL::NUL);
 
         x += dx;
         y += dy;
 
         if (moveblock)
-            map_delblock (&sd->bl);
+            map_delblock(&sd->bl);
         sd->bl.x = x;
         sd->bl.y = y;
         if (moveblock)
-            map_addblock (&sd->bl);
+            map_addblock(&sd->bl);
 
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)
-            skill_unit_move_unit_group ((struct skill_unit_group *)
-                                        sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val2,
-                                        sd->bl.m, dx, dy);
-
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_pcinsight, sd->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               y - AREA_SIZE, x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
-                               -dx, -dy, 0, sd);
-        sd->walktimer = -1;
+        map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(clif_pcinsight, ph::_1, sd),
+                sd->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
+                x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
+                -dx, -dy,
+                BL::NUL);
+        // sd->walktimer = nullptr;
 
         if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
         {                       // パーティ�ＨＰ情報通知検査
-            struct party *p = party_search (sd->status.party_id);
+            struct party *p = party_search(sd->status.party_id);
             if (p != NULL)
             {
-                int  p_flag = 0;
-                map_foreachinmovearea (party_send_hp_check, sd->bl.m,
-                                       x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
-                                       x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE, -dx, -dy,
-                                       BL_PC, sd->status.party_id, &p_flag);
+                int p_flag = 0;
+                map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(party_send_hp_check, ph::_1, sd->status.party_id, &p_flag),
+                        sd->bl.m, x - AREA_SIZE, y - AREA_SIZE,
+                        x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
+                        -dx, -dy,
+                        BL::PC);
                 if (p_flag)
                     sd->party_hp = -1;
             }
         }
-        if (sd->status.option & 4)  // クローキング�消滅検査
-            skill_check_cloaking (&sd->bl);
+
         // ディボーション検査
-        for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
             if (sd->dev.val1[i])
             {
-                skill_devotion3 (&sd->bl, sd->dev.val1[i]);
+                skill_devotion3(&sd->bl, sd->dev.val1[i]);
                 break;
             }
-        // 被ディボーション検査
-        if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val1)
-        {
-            skill_devotion2 (&sd->bl, sd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val1);
-        }
-
-        skill_unit_move (&sd->bl, tick, 1); // スキルユニット�検査
 
-        if (map_getcell (sd->bl.m, x, y) & 0x80)
-            npc_touch_areanpc (sd, sd->bl.m, x, y);
+        if (bool(map_getcell(sd->bl.m, x, y) & MapCell::NPC_NEAR))
+            npc_touch_areanpc(sd, sd->bl.m, x, y);
         else
             sd->areanpc_id = 0;
     }
-    if ((i = calc_next_walk_step (sd)) > 0)
+    interval_t i = calc_next_walk_step(sd);
+    if (i > interval_t::zero())
     {
-        i = i >> 1;
-        if (i < 1 && sd->walkpath.path_half == 0)
-            i = 1;
-        sd->walktimer =
-            add_timer (tick + i, pc_walk, id, sd->walkpath.path_pos);
+        i = i / 2;
+        if (sd->walkpath.path_half == 0)
+            i = std::max(i, std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+
+        sd->walktimer = Timer(tick + i,
+                std::bind(pc_walk, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    id, sd->walkpath.path_pos));
     }
 }
 
@@ -4481,27 +2660,29 @@ static void pc_walk (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t da
  * 移動�能�確�����能�ら歩行開始
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int pc_walktoxy_sub (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+int pc_walktoxy_sub(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
-    int  i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
-    if (path_search
-        (&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y, 0))
+    if (path_search(&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->to_x, sd->to_y, 0))
         return 1;
-    memcpy (&sd->walkpath, &wpd, sizeof (wpd));
+    memcpy(&sd->walkpath, &wpd, sizeof(wpd));
 
-    clif_walkok (sd);
+    clif_walkok(sd);
     sd->state.change_walk_target = 0;
 
-    if ((i = calc_next_walk_step (sd)) > 0)
+    interval_t i = calc_next_walk_step(sd);
+    if (i > interval_t::zero())
     {
-        i = i >> 2;
-        sd->walktimer = add_timer (gettick () + i, pc_walk, sd->bl.id, 0);
+        i = i / 4;
+        sd->walktimer = Timer(gettick() + i,
+                std::bind(pc_walk, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    sd->bl.id, 0));
     }
-    clif_movechar (sd);
+    clif_movechar(sd);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -4510,18 +2691,18 @@ static int pc_walktoxy_sub (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * pc歩 行�求
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_walktoxy (struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
+int pc_walktoxy(struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
 {
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     sd->to_x = x;
     sd->to_y = y;
 
-    if (pc_issit (sd))
-        pc_setstand (sd);
+    if (pc_issit(sd))
+        pc_setstand(sd);
 
-    if (sd->walktimer != -1 && sd->state.change_walk_target == 0)
+    if (sd->walktimer && sd->state.change_walk_target == 0)
     {
         // �在歩���る最中�目的地変更���マス目�中心���時�
         // timer関数�らpc_walktoxy_subを呼�よ���る
@@ -4529,7 +2710,7 @@ int pc_walktoxy (struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
     }
     else
     {
-        pc_walktoxy_sub (sd);
+        pc_walktoxy_sub(sd);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -4539,24 +2720,21 @@ int pc_walktoxy (struct map_session_data *sd, int x, int y)
  * 歩 行�止
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_stop_walking (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_stop_walking(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+
+    sd->walktimer.cancel();
 
-    if (sd->walktimer != -1)
-    {
-        delete_timer (sd->walktimer, pc_walk);
-        sd->walktimer = -1;
-    }
     sd->walkpath.path_len = 0;
     sd->to_x = sd->bl.x;
     sd->to_y = sd->bl.y;
     if (type & 0x01)
-        clif_fixpos (&sd->bl);
+        clif_fixpos(&sd->bl);
     if (type & 0x02 && battle_config.pc_damage_delay)
     {
-        unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-        int  delay = battle_get_dmotion (&sd->bl);
+        tick_t tick = gettick();
+        interval_t delay = battle_get_dmotion(&sd->bl);
         if (sd->canmove_tick < tick)
             sd->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
     }
@@ -4564,10 +2742,10 @@ int pc_stop_walking (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
     return 0;
 }
 
-void pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    if (map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y) & 0x80)
-        npc_touch_areanpc (sd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+    if (bool(map_getcell(sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y) & MapCell::NPC_NEAR))
+        npc_touch_areanpc(sd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
     else
         sd->areanpc_id = 0;
 }
@@ -4576,64 +2754,62 @@ void pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_movepos (struct map_session_data *sd, int dst_x, int dst_y)
+int pc_movepos(struct map_session_data *sd, int dst_x, int dst_y)
 {
-    int  moveblock;
-    int  dx, dy, dist;
+    int moveblock;
+    int dx, dy;
 
     struct walkpath_data wpd;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (path_search (&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, dst_x, dst_y, 0))
+    if (path_search(&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, dst_x, dst_y, 0))
         return 1;
 
-    sd->dir = sd->head_dir = map_calc_dir (&sd->bl, dst_x, dst_y);
+    sd->dir = sd->head_dir = map_calc_dir(&sd->bl, dst_x, dst_y);
 
     dx = dst_x - sd->bl.x;
     dy = dst_y - sd->bl.y;
-    dist = distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, dst_x, dst_y);
 
     moveblock = (sd->bl.x / BLOCK_SIZE != dst_x / BLOCK_SIZE
                  || sd->bl.y / BLOCK_SIZE != dst_y / BLOCK_SIZE);
 
-    map_foreachinmovearea (clif_pcoutsight, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE,
-                           sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE,
-                           sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, dx, dy, 0, sd);
+    map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(clif_pcoutsight, ph::_1, sd),
+            sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
+            sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE,
+            dx, dy,
+            BL::NUL);
 
     if (moveblock)
-        map_delblock (&sd->bl);
+        map_delblock(&sd->bl);
     sd->bl.x = dst_x;
     sd->bl.y = dst_y;
     if (moveblock)
-        map_addblock (&sd->bl);
+        map_addblock(&sd->bl);
 
-    map_foreachinmovearea (clif_pcinsight, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE,
-                           sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE,
-                           sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE, -dx, -dy, 0, sd);
+    map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(clif_pcinsight, ph::_1, sd),
+            sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
+            sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE,
+            -dx, -dy,
+            BL::NUL);
 
     if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
     {                           // パーティ�ＨＰ情報通知検査
-        struct party *p = party_search (sd->status.party_id);
+        struct party *p = party_search(sd->status.party_id);
         if (p != NULL)
         {
-            int  flag = 0;
-            map_foreachinmovearea (party_send_hp_check, sd->bl.m,
-                                   sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
-                                   sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE,
-                                   -dx, -dy, BL_PC, sd->status.party_id,
-                                   &flag);
+            int flag = 0;
+            map_foreachinmovearea(std::bind(party_send_hp_check, ph::_1, sd->status.party_id, &flag),
+                    sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y - AREA_SIZE,
+                    sd->bl.x + AREA_SIZE, sd->bl.y + AREA_SIZE,
+                    -dx, -dy,
+                    BL::PC);
             if (flag)
                 sd->party_hp = -1;
         }
     }
 
-    if (sd->status.option & 4)  // クローキング�消滅検査
-        skill_check_cloaking (&sd->bl);
-
-    skill_unit_move (&sd->bl, gettick (), dist + 7);    // スキルユニット�検査
-
-    pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs (sd);
+    pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs(sd);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -4644,114 +2820,25 @@ int pc_movepos (struct map_session_data *sd, int dst_x, int dst_y)
  * スキル�検索 所有����場�Lv�返る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_checkskill (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id)
+int pc_checkskill(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id)
 {
     if (sd == NULL)
         return 0;
-    if (skill_id >= 10000)
-    {
-        struct guild *g;
-        if (sd->status.guild_id > 0
-            && (g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id)) != NULL)
-            return guild_checkskill (g, skill_id);
-        return 0;
-    }
 
-    if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].id == skill_id)
-        return (sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 武器変更�よるスキル�継続�ェック
- * 引数：
- *   struct map_session_data *sd	セッションデータ
- *   int nameid						装備�ID
- * 返り値：
- *   0		変更��
- *   -1		スキルを解除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_checkallowskill (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->sc_data == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (!(skill_get_weapontype (KN_TWOHANDQUICKEN) & (1 << sd->status.weapon))
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer != -1)
-    {                           // 2HQ
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN, -1);   // 2HQを解除
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!(skill_get_weapontype (LK_AURABLADE) & (1 << sd->status.weapon))
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_AURABLADE].timer != -1)
-    {                           // オーラブレード
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_AURABLADE, -1);    // オーラブレードを解除
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!(skill_get_weapontype (LK_PARRYING) & (1 << sd->status.weapon))
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_PARRYING].timer != -1)
-    {                           // パリイング
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_PARRYING, -1); // パリイングを解除
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!(skill_get_weapontype (LK_CONCENTRATION) & (1 << sd->status.weapon))
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATION].timer != -1)
-    {                           // コンセントレーション
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CONCENTRATION, -1);    // コンセントレーションを解除
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!(skill_get_weapontype (CR_SPEARQUICKEN) & (1 << sd->status.weapon))
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer != -1)
-    {                           // スピアクィッケン
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_SPEARSQUICKEN, -1);    // スピアクイッケンを解除
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!(skill_get_weapontype (BS_ADRENALINE) & (1 << sd->status.weapon))
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer != -1)
-    {                           // アドレナリンラッシュ
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_ADRENALINE, -1);   // アドレナリンラッシュを解除
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->status.shield <= 0)
-    {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOGUARD].timer != -1)
-        {                       // オートガード
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_AUTOGUARD, -1);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DEFENDER].timer != -1)
-        {                       // ディフェンダー
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_DEFENDER, -1);
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_REFLECTSHIELD].timer != -1)
-        {                       //リフレクトシールド
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_REFLECTSHIELD, -1);
-            return -1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+    return sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 装 備���ェック
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_checkequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int pos)
+int pc_checkequip(struct map_session_data *sd, EPOS pos)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
     {
-        if (pos & equip_pos[i])
+        if (bool(pos & equip_pos[i]))
             return sd->equip_index[i];
     }
 
@@ -4759,120 +2846,49 @@ int pc_checkequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int pos)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * 転生�や養���元��業を返�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-struct pc_base_job pc_calc_base_job (int b_class)
-{
-    struct pc_base_job bj;
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    if (b_class < MAX_PC_CLASS)
-    {                           //通常
-        bj.job = b_class;
-        bj.upper = 0;
-    }
-    else if (b_class >= 4001 && b_class < 4023)
-    {                           //転生�
-        bj.job = b_class - 4001;
-        bj.upper = 1;
-    }
-    else if (b_class == 23 + 4023 - 1)
-    {                           //養�スパノビ
-        bj.job = b_class - (4023 - 1);
-        bj.upper = 2;
-    }
-    else
-    {                           //養�スパノビ以外�養�
-        bj.job = b_class - 4023;
-        bj.upper = 2;
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.enable_upper_class == 0)
-    {                           //conf�無効������らupper=0
-        bj.upper = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (bj.job == 0)
-    {
-        bj.type = 0;
-    }
-    else if (bj.job < 7)
-    {
-        bj.type = 1;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        bj.type = 2;
-    }
-
-    return bj;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * PC�攻撃 (timer関数)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void pc_attack_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void pc_attack_timer(TimerData *, tick_t tick, int id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct block_list *bl;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    short *opt;
-    int  dist, skill, range;
-    int  attack_spell_delay;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int dist, range;
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(id);
     if (sd == NULL)
         return;
-    if (sd->attacktimer != tid)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("pc_attack_timer %d != %d\n", sd->attacktimer, tid);
-        return;
-    }
-    sd->attacktimer = -1;
 
     if (sd->bl.prev == NULL)
         return;
 
-    bl = map_id2bl (sd->attacktarget);
+    bl = map_id2bl(sd->attacktarget);
     if (bl == NULL || bl->prev == NULL)
         return;
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) bl))
         return;
 
     // ��map����ら攻撃���
     // PC�死ん��も攻撃���
-    if (sd->bl.m != bl->m || pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (sd->bl.m != bl->m || pc_isdead(sd))
         return;
 
-    if (sd->opt1 > 0 || sd->status.option & 2 || sd->status.option & 16388) // 異常���攻撃����
+    // 異常���攻撃����
+    if (sd->opt1 != Opt1::ZERO)
         return;
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1)
-        return;
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
+    Option *opt = battle_get_option(bl);
+    if (opt != NULL && bool(*opt & Option::REAL_ANY_HIDE))
         return;
 
-    if ((opt = battle_get_option (bl)) != NULL && *opt & 0x46)
-        return;
-    if (((sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl)) != NULL
-         && sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)
-        || ((sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl)) != NULL
-            && sc_data[SC_BASILICA].timer != -1))
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1 && pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) <= 0)
-        return;
-
-    if (!battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable
-        && pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) <= 0)
+    if (!battle_config.sdelay_attack_enable)
     {
-        if (DIFF_TICK (tick, sd->canact_tick) < 0)
+        if (tick < sd->canact_tick)
         {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, 1, 4, 0);
+            clif_skill_fail(sd, SkillID::ONE, 4, 0);
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -4880,9 +2896,9 @@ void pc_attack_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
     if (sd->attackabletime > tick)
         return;               // cannot attack yet
 
-    attack_spell_delay = sd->attack_spell_delay;
+    interval_t attack_spell_delay = sd->attack_spell_delay;
     if (sd->attack_spell_override   // [Fate] If we have an active attack spell, use that
-        && spell_attack (id, sd->attacktarget))
+        && spell_attack(id, sd->attacktarget))
     {
         // Return if the spell succeeded.  If the spell had disspiated, spell_attack() may fail.
         sd->attackabletime = tick + attack_spell_delay;
@@ -4890,9 +2906,9 @@ void pc_attack_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
     }
     else
     {
-        dist = distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y);
+        dist = distance(sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y);
         range = sd->attackrange;
-        if (sd->status.weapon != 11)
+        if (sd->status.weapon != ItemLook::BOW)
             range++;
         if (dist > range)
         {                       // 届 �����移動
@@ -4901,57 +2917,40 @@ void pc_attack_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
             return;
         }
 
-        if (dist <= range && !battle_check_range (&sd->bl, bl, range))
+        if (dist <= range && !battle_check_range(&sd->bl, bl, range))
         {
-            if (pc_can_reach (sd, bl->x, bl->y) && sd->canmove_tick < tick
-                && (sd->sc_data[SC_ANKLE].timer == -1
-                    || sd->sc_data[SC_SPIDERWEB].timer == -1))
+            if (pc_can_reach(sd, bl->x, bl->y) && sd->canmove_tick < tick)
                 // TMW client doesn't support this
                 //pc_walktoxy(sd,bl->x,bl->y);
-                clif_movetoattack (sd, bl);
-            sd->attackabletime = tick + (sd->aspd << 1);
+                clif_movetoattack(sd, bl);
+            sd->attackabletime = tick + (sd->aspd * 2);
         }
         else
         {
             if (battle_config.pc_attack_direction_change)
-                sd->dir = sd->head_dir = map_calc_dir (&sd->bl, bl->x, bl->y);  // ��設定
+                sd->dir = sd->head_dir = map_calc_dir(&sd->bl, bl->x, bl->y);  // ��設定
 
-            if (sd->walktimer != -1)
-                pc_stop_walking (sd, 1);
+            if (sd->walktimer)
+                pc_stop_walking(sd, 1);
 
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer == -1)
             {
-                map_freeblock_lock ();
-                pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
+                map_freeblock_lock();
+                pc_stop_walking(sd, 0);
                 sd->attacktarget_lv =
-                    battle_weapon_attack (&sd->bl, bl, tick, 0);
-                if (!(battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type & 2)
-                    && sd->sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-                map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                if (sd->skilltimer != -1 && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST)) > 0)  // フリーキャスト
-                    sd->attackabletime =
-                        tick + ((sd->aspd << 1) * (150 - skill * 5) / 100);
-                else
-                    sd->attackabletime = tick + (sd->aspd << 1);
-            }
-            else if (sd->attackabletime <= tick)
-            {
-                if (sd->skilltimer != -1 && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST)) > 0)  // フリーキャスト
-                    sd->attackabletime =
-                        tick + ((sd->aspd << 1) * (150 - skill * 5) / 100);
-                else
-                    sd->attackabletime = tick + (sd->aspd << 1);
+                    battle_weapon_attack(&sd->bl, bl, tick);
+                map_freeblock_unlock();
+                sd->attackabletime = tick + (sd->aspd * 2);
             }
             if (sd->attackabletime <= tick)
-                sd->attackabletime = tick + (battle_config.max_aspd << 1);
+                sd->attackabletime = tick + static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.max_aspd) * 2;
         }
     }
 
     if (sd->state.attack_continue)
     {
-        sd->attacktimer =
-            add_timer (sd->attackabletime, pc_attack_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
+        sd->attacktimer = Timer(sd->attackabletime,
+                std::bind(pc_attack_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    sd->bl.id));
     }
 }
 
@@ -4960,40 +2959,40 @@ void pc_attack_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
  * type�1�ら継続攻撃
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_attack (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id, int type)
+int pc_attack(struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id, int type)
 {
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  d;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    bl = map_id2bl (target_id);
+    bl = map_id2bl(target_id);
     if (bl == NULL)
         return 1;
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_NPC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::NPC)
     {                           // monster npcs [Valaris]
-        npc_click (sd, RFIFOL (sd->fd, 2));
+        npc_click(sd, RFIFOL(sd->fd, 2));
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (!battle_check_target (&sd->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY))
+    if (!battle_check_target(&sd->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY))
         return 1;
-    if (sd->attacktimer != -1)
-        pc_stopattack (sd);
+    if (sd->attacktimer)
+        pc_stopattack(sd);
     sd->attacktarget = target_id;
     sd->state.attack_continue = type;
 
-    d = DIFF_TICK (sd->attackabletime, gettick ());
-    if (d > 0 && d < 2000)
+    interval_t d = sd->attackabletime - gettick();
+    if (d > interval_t::zero() && d < std::chrono::seconds(2))
     {                           // 攻撃delay中
-        sd->attacktimer =
-            add_timer (sd->attackabletime, pc_attack_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
+        sd->attacktimer = Timer(sd->attackabletime,
+                std::bind(pc_attack_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    sd->bl.id));
     }
     else
     {
         // 本�timer関数���引数を���る
-        pc_attack_timer (-1, gettick (), sd->bl.id, 0);
+        pc_attack_timer(nullptr, gettick(), sd->bl.id);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -5003,15 +3002,12 @@ int pc_attack (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id, int type)
  * 継続攻撃�止
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_stopattack (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_stopattack(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+
+    sd->attacktimer.cancel();
 
-    if (sd->attacktimer != -1)
-    {
-        delete_timer (sd->attacktimer, pc_attack_timer);
-        sd->attacktimer = -1;
-    }
     sd->attacktarget = 0;
     sd->state.attack_continue = 0;
 
@@ -5019,158 +3015,71 @@ int pc_stopattack (struct map_session_data *sd)
 }
 
 static
-void pc_follow_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+int pc_checkbaselevelup(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd, *bl;
-
-    sd = map_id2sd (id);
-    if (sd == NULL || sd->followtimer != tid)
-        return;
-
-    sd->followtimer = -1;
-
-    do
-    {
-        if (sd->bl.prev == NULL)
-            break;
-
-        bl = (struct map_session_data *) map_id2bl (sd->followtarget);
-
-        if (bl == NULL)
-            return;
+    int next = pc_nextbaseexp(sd);
 
-        if (bl->bl.prev == NULL)
-            break;
-
-        if (bl->bl.type == BL_PC
-            && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
-            return;
-
-        if (sd->skilltimer == -1 && sd->attacktimer == -1
-            && sd->walktimer == -1)
-        {
-            if ((sd->bl.m == bl->bl.m)
-                && pc_can_reach (sd, bl->bl.x, bl->bl.y))
-            {
-                if (distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, bl->bl.x, bl->bl.y) > 5)
-                    pc_walktoxy (sd, bl->bl.x, bl->bl.y);
-            }
-            else
-                pc_setpos ((struct map_session_data *) sd, bl->mapname,
-                           bl->bl.x, bl->bl.y, 3);
-        }
-    }
-    while (0);
-
-    sd->followtimer =
-        add_timer (tick + sd->aspd, pc_follow_timer, sd->bl.id, 0);
-}
-
-int pc_follow (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id)
-{
-    struct block_list *bl;
-
-    bl = map_id2bl (target_id);
-    if (bl == NULL)
-        return 1;
-    sd->followtarget = target_id;
-    if (sd->followtimer != -1)
-    {
-        delete_timer (sd->followtimer, pc_follow_timer);
-        sd->followtimer = -1;
-    }
-
-    pc_follow_timer (-1, gettick (), sd->bl.id, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int pc_checkbaselevelup (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  next = pc_nextbaseexp (sd);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.base_exp >= next && next > 0)
     {
-        struct pc_base_job s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-
         // base�レベルアップ処�
         sd->status.base_exp -= next;
 
         sd->status.base_level++;
         sd->status.status_point += (sd->status.base_level + 14) / 4;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        pc_heal (sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
-
-        //スパノビ�キリエ�イム��マニピ�グロ�サフラLv1���る
-        if (s_class.job == 23)
-        {
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl,
-                                       SkillStatusChangeTable[PR_KYRIE], 1, 0,
-                                       0, 0, skill_get_time (PR_KYRIE, 1), 0);
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl,
-                                       SkillStatusChangeTable[PR_IMPOSITIO],
-                                       1, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (PR_IMPOSITIO, 1), 0);
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl,
-                                       SkillStatusChangeTable[PR_MAGNIFICAT],
-                                       1, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (PR_MAGNIFICAT, 1), 0);
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl,
-                                       SkillStatusChangeTable[PR_GLORIA], 1,
-                                       0, 0, 0, skill_get_time (PR_GLORIA, 1),
-                                       0);
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl,
-                                       SkillStatusChangeTable[PR_SUFFRAGIUM],
-                                       1, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (PR_SUFFRAGIUM, 1), 0);
-        }
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        pc_heal(sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
 
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 0);
+        clif_misceffect(&sd->bl, 0);
         //レベルアップ����パーティー情報を更新�る
         //(公平範囲�ェック)
-        party_send_movemap (sd);
-        MAP_LOG_XP (sd, "LEVELUP") return 1;
+        party_send_movemap(sd);
+        MAP_LOG_XP(sd, "LEVELUP");
+        return 1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
+inline
+int RAISE_COST(int x)
+{
+    return (x * (x - 1)) / 2;
+}
+
 /*========================================
  * Compute the maximum for sd->skill_point, i.e., the max. number of skill points that can still be filled in
  *----------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int pc_skillpt_potential (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_skillpt_potential(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  skill_id;
-    int  potential = 0;
-
-#define RAISE_COST(x) (((x)*((x)-1))>>1)
+    int potential = 0;
 
-    for (skill_id = 0; skill_id < MAX_SKILL; skill_id++)
-        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].id != 0
+    for (SkillID skill_id = SkillID(); skill_id < MAX_SKILL;
+            skill_id = SkillID(uint16_t(skill_id) + 1))
+        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv
             && sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv < skill_db[skill_id].max_raise)
-            potential += RAISE_COST (skill_db[skill_id].max_raise)
-                - RAISE_COST (sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
-#undef RAISE_COST
+            potential += RAISE_COST(skill_db[skill_id].max_raise)
+                - RAISE_COST(sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
 
     return potential;
 }
 
-int pc_checkjoblevelup (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+int pc_checkjoblevelup(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  next = pc_nextjobexp (sd);
+    int next = pc_nextjobexp(sd);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.job_exp >= next && next > 0)
     {
-        if (pc_skillpt_potential (sd) < sd->status.skill_point)
+        if (pc_skillpt_potential(sd) < sd->status.skill_point)
         {                       // [Fate] Bah, this is is painful.
             // But the alternative is quite error-prone, and eAthena has far worse performance issues...
             sd->status.job_exp = next - 1;
@@ -5180,70 +3089,51 @@ int pc_checkjoblevelup (struct map_session_data *sd)
 
         // job�レベルアップ処�
         sd->status.job_exp -= next;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
         sd->status.skill_point++;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
-        MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "SKILLPOINTS-UP %d", sd->status.skill_point);
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "SKILLPOINTS-UP %d", sd->status.skill_point);
 
         if (sd->status.job_level < 250
             && sd->status.job_level < sd->status.base_level * 2)
             sd->status.job_level++; // Make levelling up a little harder
 
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 1);
+        clif_misceffect(&sd->bl, 1);
         return 1;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * 経験値�得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_gainexp (struct map_session_data *sd, int base_exp, int job_exp)
-{
-    return pc_gainexp_reason (sd, base_exp, job_exp,
-                              PC_GAINEXP_REASON_KILLING);
-}
-
-int pc_gainexp_reason (struct map_session_data *sd, int base_exp, int job_exp,
-                       int reason)
+int pc_gainexp_reason(struct map_session_data *sd, int base_exp, int job_exp,
+        PC_GAINEXP_REASON reason)
 {
-    char output[256];
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->bl.prev == NULL || pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (sd->bl.prev == NULL || pc_isdead(sd))
         return 0;
 
     if ((battle_config.pvp_exp == 0) && map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp) // [MouseJstr]
         return 0;               // no exp on pvp maps
 
-    MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "GAINXP %d %d %s", base_exp, job_exp,
-                ((reason ==
-                  2) ? "SCRIPTXP" : ((reason == 1) ? "HEALXP" : "KILLXP")));
-
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_RICHMANKIM].timer != -1)
-    {                           // added bounds checking [Vaalris]
-        base_exp +=
-            base_exp * (25 + sd->sc_data[SC_RICHMANKIM].val1 * 25) / 100;
-        job_exp +=
-            job_exp * (25 + sd->sc_data[SC_RICHMANKIM].val1 * 25) / 100;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id > 0)
-    {                           // ギルド�上�
-        base_exp -= guild_payexp (sd, base_exp);
-        if (base_exp < 0)
-            base_exp = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (!battle_config.multi_level_up && pc_nextbaseafter (sd))
-    {
-        while (sd->status.base_exp + base_exp >= pc_nextbaseafter (sd)
-               && sd->status.base_exp <= pc_nextbaseexp (sd)
-               && pc_nextbaseafter (sd) > 0)
+    earray<const char *, PC_GAINEXP_REASON, PC_GAINEXP_REASON::COUNT> reasons //=
+    {{
+        "KILLXP",
+        "HEALXP",
+        "SCRIPTXP",
+        "SHAREXP",
+        /* Insert new types here */
+        "UNKNOWNXP"
+    }};
+    MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "GAINXP %d %d %s", base_exp, job_exp, reasons[reason]);
+
+    if (!battle_config.multi_level_up && pc_nextbaseafter(sd))
+    {
+        while (sd->status.base_exp + base_exp >= pc_nextbaseafter(sd)
+               && sd->status.base_exp <= pc_nextbaseexp(sd)
+               && pc_nextbaseafter(sd) > 0)
         {
             base_exp *= .90;
         }
@@ -5252,7 +3142,7 @@ int pc_gainexp_reason (struct map_session_data *sd, int base_exp, int job_exp,
     sd->status.base_exp += base_exp;
 
     // [Fate] Adjust experience points that healers can extract from this character
-    if (reason != PC_GAINEXP_REASON_HEALING)
+    if (reason != PC_GAINEXP_REASON::HEALING)
     {
         const int max_heal_xp =
             20 + (sd->status.base_level * sd->status.base_level);
@@ -5265,14 +3155,14 @@ int pc_gainexp_reason (struct map_session_data *sd, int base_exp, int job_exp,
     if (sd->status.base_exp < 0)
         sd->status.base_exp = 0;
 
-    while (pc_checkbaselevelup (sd));
+    while (pc_checkbaselevelup(sd));
 
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASEEXP);
-    if (!battle_config.multi_level_up && pc_nextjobafter (sd))
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASEEXP);
+    if (!battle_config.multi_level_up && pc_nextjobafter(sd))
     {
-        while (sd->status.job_exp + job_exp >= pc_nextjobafter (sd)
-               && sd->status.job_exp <= pc_nextjobexp (sd)
-               && pc_nextjobafter (sd) > 0)
+        while (sd->status.job_exp + job_exp >= pc_nextjobafter(sd)
+               && sd->status.job_exp <= pc_nextjobexp(sd)
+               && pc_nextjobafter(sd) > 0)
         {
             job_exp *= .90;
         }
@@ -5282,24 +3172,25 @@ int pc_gainexp_reason (struct map_session_data *sd, int base_exp, int job_exp,
     if (sd->status.job_exp < 0)
         sd->status.job_exp = 0;
 
-    while (pc_checkjoblevelup (sd));
+    while (pc_checkjoblevelup(sd));
 
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBEXP);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBEXP);
 
     if (battle_config.disp_experience)
     {
-        sprintf (output,
-                 "Experienced Gained Base:%d Job:%d", base_exp, job_exp);
-        clif_disp_onlyself (sd, output, strlen (output));
+        std::string output = STRPRINTF(
+                "Experienced Gained Base:%d Job:%d",
+                base_exp, job_exp);
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, output);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_extract_healer_exp (struct map_session_data *sd, int max)
+int pc_extract_healer_exp(struct map_session_data *sd, int max)
 {
-    int  amount;
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    int amount;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     amount = sd->heal_xp;
     if (max < amount)
@@ -5313,38 +3204,21 @@ int pc_extract_healer_exp (struct map_session_data *sd, int max)
  * base level�必�経験値計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_nextbaseexp (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_nextbaseexp(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.base_level >= MAX_LEVEL || sd->status.base_level <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    if (sd->status.pc_class == 0)
-        i = 0;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 6)
-        i = 1;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 22)
-        i = 2;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class == 23)
-        i = 3;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4001)
-        i = 4;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 4007)
-        i = 5;
-    else
-        i = 6;
-
-    return exp_table[i][sd->status.base_level - 1];
+    return exp_table_0[sd->status.base_level - 1];
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * job level�必�経験値計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_nextjobexp (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_nextjobexp(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     // [fate]  For normal levels, this ranges from 20k to 50k, depending on job level.
     // Job level is at most twice the player's experience level (base_level).  Levelling
@@ -5358,83 +3232,44 @@ int pc_nextjobexp (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * base level after next [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_nextbaseafter (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_nextbaseafter(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.base_level >= MAX_LEVEL || sd->status.base_level <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    if (sd->status.pc_class == 0)
-        i = 0;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 6)
-        i = 1;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 22)
-        i = 2;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class == 23)
-        i = 3;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4001)
-        i = 4;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 4007)
-        i = 5;
-    else
-        i = 6;
-
-    return exp_table[i][sd->status.base_level];
+    return exp_table_0[sd->status.base_level];
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * job level after next [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_nextjobafter (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_nextjobafter(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.job_level >= MAX_LEVEL || sd->status.job_level <= 0)
         return 0;
 
-    if (sd->status.pc_class == 0)
-        i = 7;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 6)
-        i = 8;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 22)
-        i = 9;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class == 23)
-        i = 10;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class == 4001)
-        i = 11;
-    else if (sd->status.pc_class <= 4007)
-        i = 12;
-    else
-        i = 13;
-
-    return exp_table[i][sd->status.job_level];
+    return exp_table_7[sd->status.job_level];
 }
 
 /*==========================================
-
  * 必�ステータス�イント計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_need_status_point (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+// TODO: replace SP by ATTR
+int pc_need_status_point(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type)
 {
-    int  val;
+    int val;
 
-    nullpo_retr (-1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(-1, sd);
 
-    if (type < SP_STR || type > SP_LUK)
+    if (type < SP::STR || type > SP::LUK)
         return -1;
-    val =
-        type == SP_STR ? sd->status.str :
-        type == SP_AGI ? sd->status.agi :
-        type == SP_VIT ? sd->status.vit :
-        type == SP_INT ? sd->status.int_ :
-        type == SP_DEX ? sd->status.dex : sd->status.luk;
+    val = sd->status.attrs[sp_to_attr(type)];
 
     return (val + 9) / 10 + 1;
 }
@@ -5443,75 +3278,36 @@ int pc_need_status_point (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * 能力値�長
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_statusup (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_statusup(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type)
 {
-    int  need, val = 0;
+    int need, val = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case SP_STR:
-            val = sd->status.str;
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI:
-            val = sd->status.agi;
-            break;
-        case SP_VIT:
-            val = sd->status.vit;
-            break;
-        case SP_INT:
-            val = sd->status.int_;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEX:
-            val = sd->status.dex;
-            break;
-        case SP_LUK:
-            val = sd->status.luk;
-            break;
-    }
+    if (SP::STR <= type && type <= SP::LUK)
+        val = sd->status.attrs[sp_to_attr(type)];
 
-    need = pc_need_status_point (sd, type);
-    if (type < SP_STR || type > SP_LUK || need < 0
+    need = pc_need_status_point(sd, type);
+    if (type < SP::STR || type > SP::LUK || need < 0
         || need > sd->status.status_point
         || val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
     {
-        clif_statusupack (sd, type, 0, val);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
+        clif_statusupack(sd, type, 0, val);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
         return 1;
     }
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case SP_STR:
-            val = ++sd->status.str;
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI:
-            val = ++sd->status.agi;
-            break;
-        case SP_VIT:
-            val = ++sd->status.vit;
-            break;
-        case SP_INT:
-            val = ++sd->status.int_;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEX:
-            val = ++sd->status.dex;
-            break;
-        case SP_LUK:
-            val = ++sd->status.luk;
-            break;
-    }
+    val = ++sd->status.attrs[sp_to_attr(type)];
     sd->status.status_point -= need;
-    if (need != pc_need_status_point (sd, type))
+    if (need != pc_need_status_point(sd, type))
     {
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, type - SP_STR + SP_USTR);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, sp_to_usp(type));
     }
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, type);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-    clif_statusupack (sd, type, 1, val);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, type);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+    clif_statusupack(sd, type, 1, val);
 
-    MAP_LOG_STATS (sd, "STATUP");
+    MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, "STATUP");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5520,77 +3316,24 @@ int pc_statusup (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * 能力値�長
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_statusup2 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
+int pc_statusup2(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type, int val)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (type < SP_STR || type > SP_LUK)
+    if (type < SP::STR || type > SP::LUK)
     {
-        clif_statusupack (sd, type, 0, 0);
+        clif_statusupack(sd, type, 0, 0);
         return 1;
     }
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case SP_STR:
-            if (sd->status.str + val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
-                val = battle_config.max_parameter;
-            else if (sd->status.str + val < 1)
-                val = 1;
-            else
-                val += sd->status.str;
-            sd->status.str = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI:
-            if (sd->status.agi + val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
-                val = battle_config.max_parameter;
-            else if (sd->status.agi + val < 1)
-                val = 1;
-            else
-                val += sd->status.agi;
-            sd->status.agi = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_VIT:
-            if (sd->status.vit + val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
-                val = battle_config.max_parameter;
-            else if (sd->status.vit + val < 1)
-                val = 1;
-            else
-                val += sd->status.vit;
-            sd->status.vit = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_INT:
-            if (sd->status.int_ + val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
-                val = battle_config.max_parameter;
-            else if (sd->status.int_ + val < 1)
-                val = 1;
-            else
-                val += sd->status.int_;
-            sd->status.int_ = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEX:
-            if (sd->status.dex + val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
-                val = battle_config.max_parameter;
-            else if (sd->status.dex + val < 1)
-                val = 1;
-            else
-                val += sd->status.dex;
-            sd->status.dex = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_LUK:
-            if (sd->status.luk + val >= battle_config.max_parameter)
-                val = battle_config.max_parameter;
-            else if (sd->status.luk + val < 1)
-                val = 1;
-            else
-                val = sd->status.luk + val;
-            sd->status.luk = val;
-            break;
-    }
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, type - SP_STR + SP_USTR);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, type);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-    clif_statusupack (sd, type, 1, val);
-    MAP_LOG_STATS (sd, "STATUP2");
+    ATTR attr = sp_to_attr(type);
+    val = sd->status.attrs[attr] + val;
+    val = std::min(val, battle_config.max_parameter);
+    val = std::max(val, 1);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, sp_to_usp(type));
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, type);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+    clif_statusupack(sd, type, 1, val);
+    MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, "STATUP2");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5599,83 +3342,38 @@ int pc_statusup2 (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
  * スキル�イント割り振り
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_skillup (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num)
+int pc_skillup(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_num)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->status.skill[skill_num].id != 0
+    if (sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv
         && sd->status.skill_point >= sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv
         && sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv < skill_db[skill_num].max_raise)
     {
         sd->status.skill_point -= sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv;
         sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv++;
 
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        clif_skillup (sd, skill_num);
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-        clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        clif_skillup(sd, skill_num);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+        clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
         MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "SKILLUP %d %d %d",
-                   skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv, skill_power(sd, skill_num));
+                skill_num, sd->status.skill[skill_num].lv,
+                skill_power(sd, skill_num));
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * /allskill
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_allskillup (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i, id;
-    int  c = 0, s = 0;
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-    c = s_class.job;
-    s = (s_class.upper == 1) ? 1 : 0;   //転生以外�通常�スキル？
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-        sd->status.skill[i].id = 0;
-
-    if (battle_config.gm_allskill > 0
-        && pc_isGM (sd) >= battle_config.gm_allskill)
-    {
-        // 全��スキル
-        for (i = 1; i < 158; i++)
-            sd->status.skill[i].lv = skill_get_max (i);
-        for (i = 210; i < 291; i++)
-            sd->status.skill[i].lv = skill_get_max (i);
-        for (i = 304; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-            sd->status.skill[i].lv = skill_get_max (i);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        for (i = 0; (id = skill_tree[s][c][i].id) > 0; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->status.skill[id].id == 0 && skill_get_inf2 (id) & 0x01)
-                sd->status.skill[id].lv = skill_get_max (id);
-        }
-    }
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * /resetlvl
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_resetlvl (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_resetlvl(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    for (i = 1; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
+    for (SkillID i : erange(SkillID(1), MAX_SKILL))
     {
         sd->status.skill[i].lv = 0;
     }
@@ -5687,17 +3385,10 @@ int pc_resetlvl (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
         sd->status.job_level = 1;
         sd->status.base_exp = 0;
         sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-        if (sd->status.option != 0)
-            sd->status.option = 0;
+        sd->status.option = Option::ZERO;
 
-        sd->status.str = 1;
-        sd->status.agi = 1;
-        sd->status.vit = 1;
-        sd->status.int_ = 1;
-        sd->status.dex = 1;
-        sd->status.luk = 1;
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 4001)
-            sd->status.status_point = 100;
+        for (ATTR attr : ATTRs)
+            sd->status.attrs[attr] = 1;
     }
 
     if (type == 2)
@@ -5719,41 +3410,42 @@ int pc_resetlvl (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
         sd->status.job_exp = 0;
     }
 
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STR);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_AGI);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_VIT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_INT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_DEX);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_LUK);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_USTR);    // Updates needed stat points - Valaris
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UAGI);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UVIT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UINT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UDEX);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ULUK);    // End Addition
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
-    {                           // unequip items that can't be equipped by base 1 [Valaris]
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STR);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::AGI);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::VIT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::INT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::DEX);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::LUK);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::USTR);    // Updates needed stat points - Valaris
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::UAGI);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::UVIT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::UINT);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::UDEX);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ULUK);    // End Addition
+
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
+    {
+        // unequip items that can't be equipped by base 1 [Valaris]
         if (sd->equip_index[i] >= 0)
-            if (!pc_isequip (sd, sd->equip_index[i]))
+            if (!pc_isequip(sd, sd->equip_index[i]))
             {
-                pc_unequipitem (sd, sd->equip_index[i], 1);
+                pc_unequipitem(sd, sd->equip_index[i], CalcStatus::LATER);
                 sd->equip_index[i] = -1;
             }
     }
 
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
-    MAP_LOG_STATS (sd, "STATRESET");
+    MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, "STATRESET");
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5762,50 +3454,23 @@ int pc_resetlvl (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * /resetstate
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_resetstate (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-#define sumsp(a) ((a)*((a-2)/10+2) - 5*((a-2)/10)*((a-2)/10) - 6*((a-2)/10) -2)
-//  int add=0; // Removed by Dexity
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-//  New statpoint table used here - Dexity
-    sd->status.status_point = atoi (statp[sd->status.base_level - 1]);
-//  End addition
-
-//  Removed by Dexity - old count
-//  add += sumsp(sd->status.str);
-//  add += sumsp(sd->status.agi);
-//  add += sumsp(sd->status.vit);
-//  add += sumsp(sd->status.int_);
-//  add += sumsp(sd->status.dex);
-//  add += sumsp(sd->status.luk);
-//  sd->status.status_point+=add;
-
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-
-    sd->status.str = 1;
-    sd->status.agi = 1;
-    sd->status.vit = 1;
-    sd->status.int_ = 1;
-    sd->status.dex = 1;
-    sd->status.luk = 1;
-
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STR);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_AGI);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_VIT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_INT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_DEX);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_LUK);
-
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_USTR);    // Updates needed stat points - Valaris
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UAGI);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UVIT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UINT);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_UDEX);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ULUK);    // End Addition
-
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+int pc_resetstate(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+
+    sd->status.status_point = stat_p[sd->status.base_level - 1];
+
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+
+    for (ATTR attr : ATTRs)
+        sd->status.attrs[attr] = 1;
+    for (ATTR attr : ATTRs)
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_sp(attr));
+    for (ATTR attr : ATTRs)
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, attr_to_usp(attr));
+
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5814,24 +3479,24 @@ int pc_resetstate (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * /resetskill
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_resetskill (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_resetskill(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, skill;
+    int skill;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    sd->status.skill_point += pc_calc_skillpoint (sd);
+    sd->status.skill_point += pc_calc_skillpoint(sd);
 
-    for (i = 1; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-        if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, i)) > 0)
+    for (SkillID i : erange(SkillID(1), MAX_SKILL))
+        if ((skill = pc_checkskill(sd, i)) > 0)
         {
             sd->status.skill[i].lv = 0;
-            sd->status.skill[i].flags = 0;
+            sd->status.skill[i].flags = SkillFlags::ZERO;
         }
 
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -5840,87 +3505,64 @@ int pc_resetskill (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * pc�ダメージを与�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct map_session_data *sd,
+int pc_damage(struct block_list *src, struct map_session_data *sd,
                int damage)
 {
-    int  i = 0, j = 0;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
+    int i = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
     // 既�死ん���ら無効
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (pc_isdead(sd))
         return 0;
     // 座���ら立�上�る
-    if (pc_issit (sd))
+    if (pc_issit(sd))
     {
-        pc_setstand (sd);
-        skill_gangsterparadise (sd, 0);
+        pc_setstand(sd);
+        skill_gangsterparadise(sd, 0);
     }
 
     if (src)
     {
-        if (src->type == BL_PC)
+        if (src->type == BL::PC)
         {
-            MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "INJURED-BY PC%d FOR %d",
+            MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "INJURED-BY PC%d FOR %d",
                         ((struct map_session_data *) src)->status.char_id,
                         damage);
         }
         else
         {
-            MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "INJURED-BY MOB%d FOR %d", src->id, damage);
+            MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "INJURED-BY MOB%d FOR %d", src->id, damage);
         }
     }
     else
-        MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "INJURED-BY null FOR %d", damage);
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "INJURED-BY null FOR %d", damage);
 
-    // 歩 ����ら足を止�る
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer == -1
-        && !sd->special_state.infinite_endure)
-        pc_stop_walking (sd, 3);
+    pc_stop_walking(sd, 3);
     // 演�/ダンス�中断
     if (damage > sd->status.max_hp >> 2)
-        skill_stop_dancing (&sd->bl, 0);
+        skill_stop_dancing(&sd->bl, 0);
 
     sd->status.hp -= damage;
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_TRICKDEAD, -1);
-    if (sd->status.option & 2)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-    if (sd->status.option & 4)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-    if (sd->status.option & 16386)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CHASEWALK, -1);
-
     if (sd->status.hp > 0)
     {
         // ��生���る�らHP更新
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
-
-        if (sd->status.hp < sd->status.max_hp >> 2
-            && pc_checkskill (sd, SM_AUTOBERSERK) > 0
-            && (sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].timer == -1
-                || sd->sc_data[SC_PROVOKE].val2 == 0))
-            // オート�ーサーク発動
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_PROVOKE, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       0);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
 
-        sd->canlog_tick = gettick ();
+        sd->canlog_tick = gettick();
 
         if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
         {                       // on-the-fly party hp updates [Valaris]
-            struct party *p = party_search (sd->status.party_id);
+            struct party *p = party_search(sd->status.party_id);
             if (p != NULL)
-                clif_party_hp (p, sd);
+                clif_party_hp(p, sd);
         }                       // end addition [Valaris]
 
         return 0;
     }
 
-    MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "DEAD%s", "");
+    MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "DEAD%s", "");
 
     // Character is dead!
 
@@ -5928,151 +3570,83 @@ int pc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct map_session_data *sd,
     // [Fate] Stop quickregen
     sd->quick_regeneration_hp.amount = 0;
     sd->quick_regeneration_sp.amount = 0;
-    skill_update_heal_animation (sd);
-
-    pc_setdead (sd);
-
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-    skill_castcancel (&sd->bl, 0);  // 詠唱�中止
-    clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 1);
-    skill_unit_out_all (&sd->bl, gettick (), 1);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)  //白刃�事��解除
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-    pc_setglobalreg (sd, "PC_DIE_COUNTER", ++sd->die_counter);  //死�カウンター書�込�
-    skill_status_change_clear (&sd->bl, 0); // ステータス異常を解除�る
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+    skill_update_heal_animation(sd);
+
+    pc_setdead(sd);
+
+    pc_stop_walking(sd, 0);
+    skill_castcancel(&sd->bl, 0);  // 詠唱�中止
+    clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::DEAD);
+    pc_setglobalreg(sd, "PC_DIE_COUNTER", ++sd->die_counter);  //死�カウンター書�込�
+    skill_status_change_clear(&sd->bl, 0); // ステータス異常を解除�る
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
     // [Fate] Reset magic
-    sd->cast_tick = gettick ();
-    magic_stop_completely (sd);
+    sd->cast_tick = gettick();
+    magic_stop_completely(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
         if (sd->dev.val1[i])
         {
-            skill_status_change_end (&map_id2sd (sd->dev.val1[i])->bl,
-                                     SC_DEVOTION, -1);
             sd->dev.val1[i] = sd->dev.val2[i] = 0;
         }
 
     if (battle_config.death_penalty_type > 0 && sd->status.base_level >= 20)
     {                           // changed penalty options, added death by player if pk_mode [Valaris]
-        if (!map[sd->bl.m].flag.nopenalty && !map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
+        if (!map[sd->bl.m].flag.nopenalty)
         {
             if (battle_config.death_penalty_type == 1
                 && battle_config.death_penalty_base > 0)
                 sd->status.base_exp -=
-                    (double) pc_nextbaseexp (sd) *
+                    (double) pc_nextbaseexp(sd) *
                     (double) battle_config.death_penalty_base / 10000;
-            if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL_PC)
+            if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL::PC)
                 sd->status.base_exp -=
-                    (double) pc_nextbaseexp (sd) *
+                    (double) pc_nextbaseexp(sd) *
                     (double) battle_config.death_penalty_base / 10000;
             else if (battle_config.death_penalty_type == 2
                      && battle_config.death_penalty_base > 0)
             {
-                if (pc_nextbaseexp (sd) > 0)
+                if (pc_nextbaseexp(sd) > 0)
                     sd->status.base_exp -=
                         (double) sd->status.base_exp *
                         (double) battle_config.death_penalty_base / 10000;
-                if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL_PC)
+                if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL::PC)
                     sd->status.base_exp -=
                         (double) sd->status.base_exp *
                         (double) battle_config.death_penalty_base / 10000;
             }
             if (sd->status.base_exp < 0)
                 sd->status.base_exp = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASEEXP);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASEEXP);
 
             if (battle_config.death_penalty_type == 1
                 && battle_config.death_penalty_job > 0)
                 sd->status.job_exp -=
-                    (double) pc_nextjobexp (sd) *
+                    (double) pc_nextjobexp(sd) *
                     (double) battle_config.death_penalty_job / 10000;
-            if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL_PC)
+            if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL::PC)
                 sd->status.job_exp -=
-                    (double) pc_nextjobexp (sd) *
+                    (double) pc_nextjobexp(sd) *
                     (double) battle_config.death_penalty_job / 10000;
             else if (battle_config.death_penalty_type == 2
                      && battle_config.death_penalty_job > 0)
             {
-                if (pc_nextjobexp (sd) > 0)
+                if (pc_nextjobexp(sd) > 0)
                     sd->status.job_exp -=
                         (double) sd->status.job_exp *
                         (double) battle_config.death_penalty_job / 10000;
-                if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL_PC)
+                if (battle_config.pk_mode && src && src->type == BL::PC)
                     sd->status.job_exp -=
                         (double) sd->status.job_exp *
                         (double) battle_config.death_penalty_job / 10000;
             }
             if (sd->status.job_exp < 0)
                 sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBEXP);
-        }
-    }
-    //ナイトメアモードアイテムドロップ
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp_nightmaredrop)
-    {                           // Moved this outside so it works when PVP isnt enabled and during pk mode [Ancyker]
-        for (j = 0; j < MAX_DROP_PER_MAP; j++)
-        {
-            int  id = map[sd->bl.m].drop_list[j].drop_id;
-            int  type = map[sd->bl.m].drop_list[j].drop_type;
-            int  per = map[sd->bl.m].drop_list[j].drop_per;
-            if (id == 0)
-                continue;
-            if (id == -1)
-            {                   //ランダムドロップ
-                int  eq_num = 0, eq_n[MAX_INVENTORY];
-                memset (eq_n, 0, sizeof (eq_n));
-                //先�装備���るアイテム数をカウント
-                for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-                {
-                    int  k;
-                    if ((type == 1 && !sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
-                        || (type == 2 && sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
-                        || type == 3)
-                    {
-                        //InventoryIndexを格�
-                        for (k = 0; k < MAX_INVENTORY; k++)
-                        {
-                            if (eq_n[k] <= 0)
-                            {
-                                eq_n[k] = i;
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        eq_num++;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (eq_num > 0)
-                {
-                    int  n = eq_n[MRAND (eq_num)];  //該当アイテム�中�らランダム
-                    if (MRAND (10000) < per)
-                    {
-                        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip)
-                            pc_unequipitem (sd, n, 0);
-                        pc_dropitem (sd, n, 1);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else if (id > 0)
-            {
-                for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid == id    //ItemID�一致����
-                        && MRAND (10000) < per  //ドロップ率判定もOK�
-                        && ((type == 1 && !sd->status.inventory[i].equip)   //タイプ判定もOK�らドロップ
-                            || (type == 2 && sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
-                            || type == 3))
-                    {
-                        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
-                            pc_unequipitem (sd, i, 0);
-                        pc_dropitem (sd, i, 1);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBEXP);
         }
     }
+
     // pvp
     if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp && !battle_config.pk_mode)
     {                           // disable certain pvp functions on pk_mode [Valaris]
@@ -6080,31 +3654,23 @@ int pc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct map_session_data *sd,
         if (!map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp_nocalcrank)
         {
             sd->pvp_point -= 5;
-            if (src && src->type == BL_PC)
+            if (src && src->type == BL::PC)
                 ((struct map_session_data *) src)->pvp_point++;
             //} //fixed wrong '{' placement by Lupus
-            pc_setdead (sd);
+            pc_setdead(sd);
         }
         // 強制�還
         if (sd->pvp_point < 0)
         {
             sd->pvp_point = 0;
-            pc_setstand (sd);
-            pc_setrestartvalue (sd, 3);
-            pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
-                       sd->status.save_point.y, 0);
+            pc_setstand(sd);
+            pc_setrestartvalue(sd, 3);
+            pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
+                       sd->status.save_point.y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
         }
     }
-    //GvG
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        pc_setstand (sd);
-        pc_setrestartvalue (sd, 3);
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
-                   sd->status.save_point.y, 0);
-    }
 
-    if (src && src->type == BL_PC)
+    if (src && src->type == BL::PC)
     {
         // [Fate] PK death, trigger scripts
         argrec_t arg[3];
@@ -6114,10 +3680,10 @@ int pc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct map_session_data *sd,
         arg[1].v.i = sd->bl.id;
         arg[2].name = "@victimlvl";
         arg[2].v.i = sd->status.base_level;
-        npc_event_doall_l ("OnPCKilledEvent", sd->bl.id, 3, arg);
-        npc_event_doall_l ("OnPCKillEvent", src->id, 3, arg);
+        npc_event_doall_l("OnPCKilledEvent", sd->bl.id, 3, arg);
+        npc_event_doall_l("OnPCKillEvent", src->id, 3, arg);
     }
-    npc_event_doall_l ("OnPCDieEvent", sd->bl.id, 0, NULL);
+    npc_event_doall_l("OnPCDieEvent", sd->bl.id, 0, NULL);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6129,94 +3695,72 @@ int pc_damage (struct block_list *src, struct map_session_data *sd,
  * script用PCステータス読�出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_readparam (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_readparam(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type)
 {
-    int  val = 0;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
+    int val = 0;
 
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case SP_SKILLPOINT:
+        case SP::SKILLPOINT:
             val = sd->status.skill_point;
             break;
-        case SP_STATUSPOINT:
+        case SP::STATUSPOINT:
             val = sd->status.status_point;
             break;
-        case SP_ZENY:
+        case SP::ZENY:
             val = sd->status.zeny;
             break;
-        case SP_BASELEVEL:
+        case SP::BASELEVEL:
             val = sd->status.base_level;
             break;
-        case SP_JOBLEVEL:
+        case SP::JOBLEVEL:
             val = sd->status.job_level;
             break;
-        case SP_CLASS:
-            if (val >= 24 && val < 45)
-                val += 3978;
-            else
-                val = sd->status.pc_class;
-            break;
-        case SP_UPPER:
-            val = s_class.upper;
+        case SP::CLASS:
+            val = sd->status.species;
             break;
-        case SP_SEX:
+        case SP::SEX:
             val = sd->sex;
             break;
-        case SP_WEIGHT:
+        case SP::WEIGHT:
             val = sd->weight;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXWEIGHT:
+        case SP::MAXWEIGHT:
             val = sd->max_weight;
             break;
-        case SP_BASEEXP:
+        case SP::BASEEXP:
             val = sd->status.base_exp;
             break;
-        case SP_JOBEXP:
+        case SP::JOBEXP:
             val = sd->status.job_exp;
             break;
-        case SP_NEXTBASEEXP:
-            val = pc_nextbaseexp (sd);
+        case SP::NEXTBASEEXP:
+            val = pc_nextbaseexp(sd);
             break;
-        case SP_NEXTJOBEXP:
-            val = pc_nextjobexp (sd);
+        case SP::NEXTJOBEXP:
+            val = pc_nextjobexp(sd);
             break;
-        case SP_HP:
+        case SP::HP:
             val = sd->status.hp;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXHP:
+        case SP::MAXHP:
             val = sd->status.max_hp;
             break;
-        case SP_SP:
+        case SP::SP:
             val = sd->status.sp;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXSP:
+        case SP::MAXSP:
             val = sd->status.max_sp;
             break;
-        case SP_STR:
-            val = sd->status.str;
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI:
-            val = sd->status.agi;
-            break;
-        case SP_VIT:
-            val = sd->status.vit;
-            break;
-        case SP_INT:
-            val = sd->status.int_;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEX:
-            val = sd->status.dex;
-            break;
-        case SP_LUK:
-            val = sd->status.luk;
-            break;
-        case SP_FAME:
-            val = sd->fame;
+        case SP::STR:
+        case SP::AGI:
+        case SP::VIT:
+        case SP::INT:
+        case SP::DEX:
+        case SP::LUK:
+            val = sd->status.attrs[sp_to_attr(type)];
             break;
     }
 
@@ -6227,18 +3771,15 @@ int pc_readparam (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * script用PCステータス設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setparam (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
+int pc_setparam(struct map_session_data *sd, SP type, int val)
 {
-    int  i = 0, up_level = 50;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
+    int i = 0, up_level = 50;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case SP_BASELEVEL:
+        case SP::BASELEVEL:
             if (val > sd->status.base_level)
             {
                 for (i = 1; i <= (val - sd->status.base_level); i++)
@@ -6247,19 +3788,15 @@ int pc_setparam (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
             }
             sd->status.base_level = val;
             sd->status.base_exp = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASELEVEL);
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTBASEEXP);
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_STATUSPOINT);
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_BASEEXP);
-            pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-            pc_heal (sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
-            break;
-        case SP_JOBLEVEL:
-            if (sd->status.pc_class == 0)
-                up_level -= 40;
-            if ((sd->status.pc_class == 23)
-                || (sd->status.pc_class >= 4001 && sd->status.pc_class <= 4022))
-                up_level += 20;
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASELEVEL);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTBASEEXP);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::STATUSPOINT);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::BASEEXP);
+            pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+            pc_heal(sd, sd->status.max_hp, sd->status.max_sp);
+            break;
+        case SP::JOBLEVEL:
+            up_level -= 40;
             if (val >= sd->status.job_level)
             {
                 if (val > up_level)
@@ -6267,95 +3804,82 @@ int pc_setparam (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
                 sd->status.skill_point += (val - sd->status.job_level);
                 sd->status.job_level = val;
                 sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBEXP);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SKILLPOINT);
-                pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-                clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 1);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SKILLPOINT);
+                pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+                clif_misceffect(&sd->bl, 1);
             }
             else
             {
                 sd->status.job_level = val;
                 sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBEXP);
-                pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBLEVEL);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::NEXTJOBEXP);
+                clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::JOBEXP);
+                pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
             }
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, type);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, type);
             break;
-        case SP_SKILLPOINT:
+        case SP::SKILLPOINT:
             sd->status.skill_point = val;
             break;
-        case SP_STATUSPOINT:
+        case SP::STATUSPOINT:
             sd->status.status_point = val;
             break;
-        case SP_ZENY:
+        case SP::ZENY:
             sd->status.zeny = val;
             break;
-        case SP_BASEEXP:
-            if (pc_nextbaseexp (sd) > 0)
+        case SP::BASEEXP:
+            if (pc_nextbaseexp(sd) > 0)
             {
                 sd->status.base_exp = val;
                 if (sd->status.base_exp < 0)
                     sd->status.base_exp = 0;
-                pc_checkbaselevelup (sd);
+                pc_checkbaselevelup(sd);
             }
             break;
-        case SP_JOBEXP:
-            if (pc_nextjobexp (sd) > 0)
+        case SP::JOBEXP:
+            if (pc_nextjobexp(sd) > 0)
             {
                 sd->status.job_exp = val;
                 if (sd->status.job_exp < 0)
                     sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-                pc_checkjoblevelup (sd);
+                pc_checkjoblevelup(sd);
             }
             break;
-        case SP_SEX:
+        case SP::SEX:
             sd->sex = val;
             break;
-        case SP_WEIGHT:
+        case SP::WEIGHT:
             sd->weight = val;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXWEIGHT:
+        case SP::MAXWEIGHT:
             sd->max_weight = val;
             break;
-        case SP_HP:
+        case SP::HP:
             sd->status.hp = val;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXHP:
+        case SP::MAXHP:
             sd->status.max_hp = val;
             break;
-        case SP_SP:
+        case SP::SP:
             sd->status.sp = val;
             break;
-        case SP_MAXSP:
+        case SP::MAXSP:
             sd->status.max_sp = val;
             break;
-        case SP_STR:
-            sd->status.str = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_AGI:
-            sd->status.agi = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_VIT:
-            sd->status.vit = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_INT:
-            sd->status.int_ = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_DEX:
-            sd->status.dex = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_LUK:
-            sd->status.luk = val;
-            break;
-        case SP_FAME:
-            sd->fame = val;
+        case SP::STR:
+        case SP::AGI:
+        case SP::VIT:
+        case SP::INT:
+        case SP::DEX:
+        case SP::LUK:
+            sd->status.attrs[sp_to_attr(type)] = val;
             break;
     }
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, type);
+    clif_updatestatus(sd, type);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6364,27 +3888,24 @@ int pc_setparam (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
  * HP/SP回復
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_heal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
+int pc_heal(struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
 {
 //  if(battle_config.battle_log)
-//      printf("heal %d %d\n",hp,sp);
+//      PRINTF("heal %d %d\n",hp,sp);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (pc_checkoverhp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoverhp(sd))
     {
         if (hp > 0)
             hp = 0;
     }
-    if (pc_checkoversp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoversp(sd))
     {
         if (sp > 0)
             sp = 0;
     }
 
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1) //�ーサーク中�回復����ら��
-        return 0;
-
     if (hp + sd->status.hp > sd->status.max_hp)
         hp = sd->status.max_hp - sd->status.hp;
     if (sp + sd->status.sp > sd->status.max_sp)
@@ -6393,22 +3914,22 @@ int pc_heal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
     if (sd->status.hp <= 0)
     {
         sd->status.hp = 0;
-        pc_damage (NULL, sd, 1);
+        pc_damage(NULL, sd, 1);
         hp = 0;
     }
     sd->status.sp += sp;
     if (sd->status.sp <= 0)
         sd->status.sp = 0;
     if (hp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
     if (sp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
 
     if (sd->status.party_id > 0)
     {                           // on-the-fly party hp updates [Valaris]
-        struct party *p = party_search (sd->status.party_id);
+        struct party *p = party_search(sd->status.party_id);
         if (p != NULL)
-            clif_party_hp (p, sd);
+            clif_party_hp(p, sd);
     }                           // end addition [Valaris]
 
     return hp + sp;
@@ -6418,10 +3939,12 @@ int pc_heal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
  * HP/SP回復
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int pc_itemheal_effect (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp);
+static
+int pc_itemheal_effect(struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp);
 
-static int                      // Compute how quickly we regenerate (less is faster) for that amount
-pc_heal_quick_speed (int amount)
+static
+int                     // Compute how quickly we regenerate (less is faster) for that amount
+pc_heal_quick_speed(int amount)
 {
     if (amount >= 100)
     {
@@ -6441,35 +3964,35 @@ pc_heal_quick_speed (int amount)
     }
 }
 
-static void
-pc_heal_quick_accumulate (int new_amount,
+static
+void pc_heal_quick_accumulate(int new_amount,
                           struct quick_regeneration *quick_regen, int max)
 {
-    int  current_amount = quick_regen->amount;
-    int  current_speed = quick_regen->speed;
-    int  new_speed = pc_heal_quick_speed (new_amount);
+    int current_amount = quick_regen->amount;
+    int current_speed = quick_regen->speed;
+    int new_speed = pc_heal_quick_speed(new_amount);
 
-    int  average_speed = ((new_speed * new_amount) + (current_speed * current_amount)) / (current_amount + new_amount); // new_amount > 0, current_amount >= 0
+    int average_speed = ((new_speed * new_amount) + (current_speed * current_amount)) / (current_amount + new_amount); // new_amount > 0, current_amount >= 0
 
     quick_regen->speed = average_speed;
-    quick_regen->amount = MIN (current_amount + new_amount, max);
+    quick_regen->amount = min(current_amount + new_amount, max);
 
-    quick_regen->tickdelay = MIN (quick_regen->speed, quick_regen->tickdelay);
+    quick_regen->tickdelay = min(quick_regen->speed, quick_regen->tickdelay);
 }
 
-int pc_itemheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
+int pc_itemheal(struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
 {
     /* defer healing */
     if (hp > 0)
     {
-        pc_heal_quick_accumulate (hp,
+        pc_heal_quick_accumulate(hp,
                                   &sd->quick_regeneration_hp,
                                   sd->status.max_hp - sd->status.hp);
         hp = 0;
     }
     if (sp > 0)
     {
-        pc_heal_quick_accumulate (sp,
+        pc_heal_quick_accumulate(sp,
                                   &sd->quick_regeneration_sp,
                                   sd->status.max_sp - sd->status.sp);
 
@@ -6478,7 +4001,7 @@ int pc_itemheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
 
     /* Hurt right away, if necessary */
     if (hp < 0 || sp < 0)
-        pc_itemheal_effect (sd, hp, sp);
+        pc_itemheal_effect(sd, hp, sp);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6486,54 +4009,30 @@ int pc_itemheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
 /* pc_itemheal_effect is invoked once every 0.5s whenever the pc
  * has health recovery queued up (cf. pc_natural_heal_sub).
  */
-static int pc_itemheal_effect (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
+static
+int pc_itemheal_effect(struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
 {
-    int  bonus;
-//  if(battle_config.battle_log)
-//      printf("heal %d %d\n",hp,sp);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_GOSPEL].timer != -1)  //�ーサーク中�回復����ら��
-        return 0;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->state.potionpitcher_flag)
-    {
-        sd->potion_hp = hp;
-        sd->potion_sp = sp;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (pc_checkoverhp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoverhp(sd))
     {
         if (hp > 0)
             hp = 0;
     }
-    if (pc_checkoversp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoversp(sd))
     {
         if (sp > 0)
             sp = 0;
     }
     if (hp > 0)
     {
-        bonus =
-            (sd->paramc[2] << 1) + 100 + pc_checkskill (sd, SM_RECOVERY) * 10;
-        if (bonus != 100)
-            hp = hp * bonus / 100;
-        bonus = 100 + pc_checkskill (sd, AM_LEARNINGPOTION) * 5;
-        if (bonus != 100)
-            hp = hp * bonus / 100;
+        int bonus = (sd->paramc[ATTR::VIT] << 1) + 100;
+        hp = hp * bonus / 100;
     }
     if (sp > 0)
     {
-        bonus =
-            (sd->paramc[3] << 1) + 100 + pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                        MG_SRECOVERY) * 10;
-        if (bonus != 100)
-            sp = sp * bonus / 100;
-        bonus = 100 + pc_checkskill (sd, AM_LEARNINGPOTION) * 5;
-        if (bonus != 100)
-            sp = sp * bonus / 100;
+        int bonus = (sd->paramc[ATTR::INT] << 1) + 100;
+        sp = sp * bonus / 100;
     }
     if (hp + sd->status.hp > sd->status.max_hp)
         hp = sd->status.max_hp - sd->status.hp;
@@ -6543,16 +4042,16 @@ static int pc_itemheal_effect (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
     if (sd->status.hp <= 0)
     {
         sd->status.hp = 0;
-        pc_damage (NULL, sd, 1);
+        pc_damage(NULL, sd, 1);
         hp = 0;
     }
     sd->status.sp += sp;
     if (sd->status.sp <= 0)
         sd->status.sp = 0;
     if (hp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
     if (sp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6561,23 +4060,16 @@ static int pc_itemheal_effect (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
  * HP/SP回復
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_percentheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
+int pc_percentheal(struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->state.potionpitcher_flag)
-    {
-        sd->potion_per_hp = hp;
-        sd->potion_per_sp = sp;
-        return 0;
-    }
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (pc_checkoverhp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoverhp(sd))
     {
         if (hp > 0)
             hp = 0;
     }
-    if (pc_checkoversp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoversp(sd))
     {
         if (sp > 0)
             sp = 0;
@@ -6591,7 +4083,7 @@ int pc_percentheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
         else if (hp <= -100)
         {
             sd->status.hp = 0;
-            pc_damage (NULL, sd, 1);
+            pc_damage(NULL, sd, 1);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -6601,7 +4093,7 @@ int pc_percentheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
             if (sd->status.hp <= 0)
             {
                 sd->status.hp = 0;
-                pc_damage (NULL, sd, 1);
+                pc_damage(NULL, sd, 1);
                 hp = 0;
             }
         }
@@ -6626,119 +4118,9 @@ int pc_percentheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp)
         }
     }
     if (hp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
     if (sp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �変更
- * 引数		job �業 0〜23
- *		upper 通常 0, 転生 1, 養� 2, ���� -1
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_jobchange (struct map_session_data *sd, int job, int upper)
-{
-    int  i;
-    int  b_class = 0;
-    //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-    struct pc_base_job s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if ((job > 23) && (job < 68))
-        job += 3977;
-
-    if ((job > 69) && (job < 4000))
-        return 1;
-
-    if (upper < 0)              //�在転生����を判断�る
-        upper = s_class.upper;
-
-    if (upper == 0)
-    {                           //通常��らjob���ん�
-        b_class = job;
-    }
-    else if (upper == 1)
-    {
-        if (job == 23)
-        {                       //転生�スパノビ�存在������断り
-            return 1;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            b_class = job + 4001;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (upper == 2)
-    {                           //養���婚��������次�蹴られる�ら��や
-        b_class = (job == 23) ? job + 4022 : job + 4023;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if ((sd->status.sex == 0 && job == 19) || (sd->status.sex == 1 && job == 20) ||
-            (sd->status.sex == 0 && job == 4020) || (sd->status.sex == 1 && job == 4021) ||
-            job == 22 || sd->status.pc_class == b_class)   //♀��ード��れ���♂�ダンサー��れ����婚衣裳も�断り
-        return 1;
-
-    sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = b_class;
-
-    sd->status.job_level = 1;
-    sd->status.job_exp = 0;
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBLEVEL);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_JOBEXP);
-    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_NEXTJOBEXP);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->equip_index[i] >= 0)
-            if (!pc_isequip (sd, sd->equip_index[i]))
-                pc_unequipitem (sd, sd->equip_index[i], 1); // 装備外�
-    }
-
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_BASE, sd->view_class);   // move sprite update to prevent client crashes with incompatible equipment [Valaris]
-    if (sd->status.clothes_color > 0)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR,
-                         sd->status.clothes_color);
-    if (battle_config.muting_players && sd->status.manner < 0)
-        clif_changestatus (&sd->bl, SP_MANNER, sd->status.manner);
-
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-    pc_checkallowskill (sd);
-    pc_equiplookall (sd);
-    clif_equiplist (sd);
-
-    if (pc_isriding (sd))
-    {                           // remove peco status if changing into invalid class [Valaris]
-        if (!(pc_checkskill (sd, KN_RIDING)))
-            pc_setoption (sd, sd->status.option | -0x0000);
-        if (pc_checkskill (sd, KN_RIDING) > 0)
-            pc_setriding (sd);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 見�目変更
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_equiplookall (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_WEAPON, 0);
-//  clif_changelook(&sd->bl,LOOK_SHOES,0);
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM, sd->status.head_bottom);
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_TOP, sd->status.head_top);
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_MID, sd->status.head_mid);
-
-    clif_changelook_accessories (&sd->bl, NULL);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6747,40 +4129,40 @@ int pc_equiplookall (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * 見�目変更
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_changelook (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
+int pc_changelook(struct map_session_data *sd, LOOK type, int val)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case LOOK_HAIR:
+        case LOOK::HAIR:
             sd->status.hair = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_WEAPON:
-            sd->status.weapon = val;
+        case LOOK::WEAPON:
+            sd->status.weapon = static_cast<ItemLook>(static_cast<uint16_t>(val));
             break;
-        case LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM:
+        case LOOK::HEAD_BOTTOM:
             sd->status.head_bottom = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_HEAD_TOP:
+        case LOOK::HEAD_TOP:
             sd->status.head_top = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_HEAD_MID:
+        case LOOK::HEAD_MID:
             sd->status.head_mid = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_HAIR_COLOR:
+        case LOOK::HAIR_COLOR:
             sd->status.hair_color = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR:
+        case LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR:
             sd->status.clothes_color = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_SHIELD:
+        case LOOK::SHIELD:
             sd->status.shield = val;
             break;
-        case LOOK_SHOES:
+        case LOOK::SHOES:
             break;
     }
-    clif_changelook (&sd->bl, type, val);
+    clif_changelook(&sd->bl, type, val);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6789,89 +4171,13 @@ int pc_changelook (struct map_session_data *sd, int type, int val)
  * 付属�(鷹,ペコ,カート)設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setoption (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+int pc_setoption(struct map_session_data *sd, Option type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     sd->status.option = type;
-    clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カート設定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_setcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
-{
-    int  cart[6] = { 0x0000, 0x0008, 0x0080, 0x0100, 0x0200, 0x0400 };
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (pc_checkskill (sd, MC_PUSHCART) > 0)
-    {                           // プッシュカートスキル所�
-        if (!pc_iscarton (sd))
-        {                       // カートを付�����
-            pc_setoption (sd, cart[type]);
-            clif_cart_itemlist (sd);
-            clif_cart_equiplist (sd);
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_CARTINFO);
-            clif_status_change (&sd->bl, 0x0c, 0);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            pc_setoption (sd, cart[type]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 鷹設定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_setfalcon (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (pc_checkskill (sd, HT_FALCON) > 0)
-    {                           // ファルコンマスタリースキル所�
-        pc_setoption (sd, sd->status.option | 0x0010);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ペコペコ設定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_setriding (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (sd->disguise > 0)
-    {                           // temporary prevention of crash caused by peco + disguise, will look into a better solution [Valaris]
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
-                             "Cannot mount a Peco while in disguise.");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if ((pc_checkskill (sd, KN_RIDING) > 0))
-    {                           // ライディングスキル所�
-        pc_setoption (sd, sd->status.option | 0x0020);
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 7)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 13;
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 14)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 21;
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 4008)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4014;
-
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 4015)
-            sd->status.pc_class = sd->view_class = 4022;
-    }
+    clif_changeoption(&sd->bl);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6880,11 +4186,11 @@ int pc_setriding (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * script用変数�値を読む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_readreg (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg)
+int pc_readreg(struct map_session_data *sd, int reg)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->reg_num; i++)
         if (sd->reg[i].index == reg)
@@ -6897,11 +4203,11 @@ int pc_readreg (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg)
  * script用変数�値を設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setreg (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, int val)
+int pc_setreg(struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, int val)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->reg_num; i++)
     {
@@ -6912,7 +4218,7 @@ int pc_setreg (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, int val)
         }
     }
     sd->reg_num++;
-    RECREATE (sd->reg, struct script_reg, sd->reg_num);
+    RECREATE(sd->reg, struct script_reg, sd->reg_num);
     sd->reg[i].index = reg;
     sd->reg[i].data = val;
 
@@ -6923,11 +4229,11 @@ int pc_setreg (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, int val)
  * script用文字列変数�値を読む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-char *pc_readregstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg)
+char *pc_readregstr(struct map_session_data *sd, int reg)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->regstr_num; i++)
         if (sd->regstr[i].index == reg)
@@ -6940,28 +4246,28 @@ char *pc_readregstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg)
  * script用文字列変数�値を設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setregstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, const char *str)
+int pc_setregstr(struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, const char *str)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (strlen (str) + 1 > sizeof (sd->regstr[0].data))
+    if (strlen(str) + 1 > sizeof(sd->regstr[0].data))
     {
-        printf ("pc_setregstr(): String too long!\n");
+        PRINTF("pc_setregstr(): String too long!\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->regstr_num; i++)
         if (sd->regstr[i].index == reg)
         {
-            strcpy (sd->regstr[i].data, str);
+            strcpy(sd->regstr[i].data, str);
             return 0;
         }
     sd->regstr_num++;
-    RECREATE (sd->regstr, struct script_regstr, sd->regstr_num);
+    RECREATE(sd->regstr, struct script_regstr, sd->regstr_num);
     sd->regstr[i].index = reg;
-    strcpy (sd->regstr[i].data, str);
+    strcpy(sd->regstr[i].data, str);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -6970,15 +4276,15 @@ int pc_setregstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, const char *str)
  * script用グロー�ル変数�値を読む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_readglobalreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
+int pc_readglobalreg(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->status.global_reg_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
             return sd->status.global_reg[i].value;
     }
 
@@ -6989,23 +4295,23 @@ int pc_readglobalreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
  * script用グロー�ル変数�値を設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setglobalreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
+int pc_setglobalreg(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     //PC_DIE_COUNTER�スクリプト���変更�れ�時�処�
-    if (strcmp (reg, "PC_DIE_COUNTER") == 0 && sd->die_counter != val)
+    if (strcmp(reg, "PC_DIE_COUNTER") == 0 && sd->die_counter != val)
     {
         sd->die_counter = val;
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
     }
     if (val == 0)
     {
         for (i = 0; i < sd->status.global_reg_num; i++)
         {
-            if (strcmp (sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
+            if (strcmp(sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
             {
                 sd->status.global_reg[i] =
                     sd->status.global_reg[sd->status.global_reg_num - 1];
@@ -7017,7 +4323,7 @@ int pc_setglobalreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
     }
     for (i = 0; i < sd->status.global_reg_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
         {
             sd->status.global_reg[i].value = val;
             return 0;
@@ -7025,13 +4331,13 @@ int pc_setglobalreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
     }
     if (sd->status.global_reg_num < GLOBAL_REG_NUM)
     {
-        strcpy (sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg);
+        strcpy(sd->status.global_reg[i].str, reg);
         sd->status.global_reg[i].value = val;
         sd->status.global_reg_num++;
         return 0;
     }
     if (battle_config.error_log)
-        printf ("pc_setglobalreg : couldn't set %s (GLOBAL_REG_NUM = %d)\n",
+        PRINTF("pc_setglobalreg : couldn't set %s (GLOBAL_REG_NUM = %d)\n",
                 reg, GLOBAL_REG_NUM);
 
     return 1;
@@ -7041,15 +4347,15 @@ int pc_setglobalreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
  * script用アカウント変数�値を読む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_readaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
+int pc_readaccountreg(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->status.account_reg_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
             return sd->status.account_reg[i].value;
     }
 
@@ -7060,17 +4366,17 @@ int pc_readaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
  * script用アカウント変数�値を設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
+int pc_setaccountreg(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (val == 0)
     {
         for (i = 0; i < sd->status.account_reg_num; i++)
         {
-            if (strcmp (sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
+            if (strcmp(sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
             {
                 sd->status.account_reg[i] =
                     sd->status.account_reg[sd->status.account_reg_num - 1];
@@ -7078,28 +4384,28 @@ int pc_setaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
                 break;
             }
         }
-        intif_saveaccountreg (sd);
+        intif_saveaccountreg(sd);
         return 0;
     }
     for (i = 0; i < sd->status.account_reg_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg) == 0)
         {
             sd->status.account_reg[i].value = val;
-            intif_saveaccountreg (sd);
+            intif_saveaccountreg(sd);
             return 0;
         }
     }
     if (sd->status.account_reg_num < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM)
     {
-        strcpy (sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg);
+        strcpy(sd->status.account_reg[i].str, reg);
         sd->status.account_reg[i].value = val;
         sd->status.account_reg_num++;
-        intif_saveaccountreg (sd);
+        intif_saveaccountreg(sd);
         return 0;
     }
     if (battle_config.error_log)
-        printf ("pc_setaccountreg : couldn't set %s (ACCOUNT_REG_NUM = %d)\n",
+        PRINTF("pc_setaccountreg : couldn't set %s (ACCOUNT_REG_NUM = %d)\n",
                 reg, ACCOUNT_REG_NUM);
 
     return 1;
@@ -7109,15 +4415,15 @@ int pc_setaccountreg (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
  * script用アカウント変数2�値を読む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_readaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
+int pc_readaccountreg2(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < sd->status.account_reg2_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg) == 0)
             return sd->status.account_reg2[i].value;
     }
 
@@ -7128,17 +4434,17 @@ int pc_readaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg)
  * script用アカウント変数2�値を設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
+int pc_setaccountreg2(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
     if (val == 0)
     {
         for (i = 0; i < sd->status.account_reg2_num; i++)
         {
-            if (strcmp (sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg) == 0)
+            if (strcmp(sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg) == 0)
             {
                 sd->status.account_reg2[i] =
                     sd->status.account_reg2[sd->status.account_reg2_num - 1];
@@ -7146,111 +4452,69 @@ int pc_setaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reg, int val)
                 break;
             }
         }
-        chrif_saveaccountreg2 (sd);
+        chrif_saveaccountreg2(sd);
         return 0;
     }
     for (i = 0; i < sd->status.account_reg2_num; i++)
     {
-        if (strcmp (sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg) == 0)
         {
             sd->status.account_reg2[i].value = val;
-            chrif_saveaccountreg2 (sd);
+            chrif_saveaccountreg2(sd);
             return 0;
         }
     }
     if (sd->status.account_reg2_num < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM)
     {
-        strcpy (sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg);
+        strcpy(sd->status.account_reg2[i].str, reg);
         sd->status.account_reg2[i].value = val;
         sd->status.account_reg2_num++;
-        chrif_saveaccountreg2 (sd);
+        chrif_saveaccountreg2(sd);
         return 0;
     }
     if (battle_config.error_log)
-        printf
-            ("pc_setaccountreg2 : couldn't set %s (ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM = %d)\n",
+        PRINTF("pc_setaccountreg2 : couldn't set %s (ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM = %d)\n",
              reg, ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM);
 
     return 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * 精錬�功率
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_percentrefinery (struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item)
-{
-    int  percent;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, item);
-    percent = percentrefinery[itemdb_wlv (item->nameid)][(int) item->refine];
-
-    percent += pc_checkskill (sd, BS_WEAPONRESEARCH);   // 武器研究スキル所�
-
-    // 確率�有効範囲�ェック
-    if (percent > 100)
-    {
-        percent = 100;
-    }
-    if (percent < 0)
-    {
-        percent = 0;
-    }
-
-    return percent;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * イベントタイマー処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void pc_eventtimer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void pc_eventtimer(TimerData *, tick_t, int id, const char *data)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (id);
-    int  i;
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(id);
+    assert (sd != NULL);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->eventtimer[i] == tid)
-        {
-            sd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
-            npc_event (sd, (const char *) data, 0);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    free ((void *) data);
-    if (i == MAX_EVENTTIMER)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("pc_eventtimer: no such event timer\n");
-    }
+    npc_event(sd, data, 0);
+
+    free(const_cast<char *>(data));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * イベントタイマー追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_addeventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd, int tick, const char *name)
+int pc_addeventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd, interval_t tick, const char *name)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (sd->eventtimer[i] == -1)
+        if (!sd->eventtimer[i])
             break;
 
     if (i < MAX_EVENTTIMER)
     {
-        char *evname = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
-        strncpy (evname, name, 24);
-        evname[23] = '\0';
-        sd->eventtimer[i] = add_timer (gettick () + tick,
-                                       pc_eventtimer, sd->bl.id,
-                                       (int) evname);
+        char *evname = (char *) calloc(24, 1);
+        strzcpy(evname, name, 24);
+        sd->eventtimer[i] = Timer(gettick() + tick,
+                std::bind(pc_eventtimer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    sd->bl.id, evname));
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -7258,69 +4522,15 @@ int pc_addeventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd, int tick, const char *name)
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * イベントタイマー削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_deleventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (sd->eventtimer[i] != -1 && strcmp ((char
-                                                *) (get_timer (sd->eventtimer
-                                                               [i])->data),
-                                               name) == 0)
-        {
-            delete_timer (sd->eventtimer[i], pc_eventtimer);
-            sd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
-            break;
-        }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * イベントタイマーカウント値追加
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int pc_addeventtimercount (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name,
-                           int tick)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (sd->eventtimer[i] != -1 && strcmp ((char
-                                                *) (get_timer (sd->eventtimer
-                                                               [i])->data),
-                                               name) == 0)
-        {
-            addtick_timer (sd->eventtimer[i], tick);
-            break;
-        }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * イベントタイマー全削除
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_cleareventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_cleareventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
-        if (sd->eventtimer[i] != -1)
-        {
-            delete_timer (sd->eventtimer[i], pc_eventtimer);
-            sd->eventtimer[i] = -1;
-        }
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTTIMER; i++)
+        sd->eventtimer[i].cancel();
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7332,191 +4542,157 @@ int pc_cleareventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * アイテムを装備�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int
-pc_signal_advanced_equipment_change (struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
-{
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0040)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_SHOES, 0);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0004)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_GLOVES, 0);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0008)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_CAPE, 0);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0010)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_MISC1, 0);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0080)
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_MISC2, 0);
+static
+int pc_signal_advanced_equipment_change(struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
+{
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::SHOES))
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::SHOES, 0);
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::GLOVES))
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::GLOVES, 0);
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::CAPE))
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::CAPE, 0);
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::MISC1))
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::MISC1, 0);
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::MISC2))
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::MISC2, 0);
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_equipitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int pos)
+int pc_equipitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, EPOS)
 {
-    int  i, nameid, arrow, view;
+    int nameid;
     struct item_data *id;
     //ｿｽ]ｿｽｿｽｿｽｿｽｿｽ{ｿｽqｿｽﾌ場�ｿｽﾌ鯉ｿｽｿｽﾌ�ｿｽﾆゑｿｽｿｽZｿｽoｿｽｿｽｿｽｿｽ
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_INVENTORY)
     {
-        clif_equipitemack (sd, 0, 0, 0);
+        clif_equipitemack(sd, 0, EPOS::ZERO, 0);
         return 0;
     }
 
     nameid = sd->status.inventory[n].nameid;
     id = sd->inventory_data[n];
-    pos = pc_equippoint (sd, n);
+    if (!id) // can't actually happen - the only caller checks this.
+        return 0;
+    EPOS pos = pc_equippoint(sd, n);
 
     if (battle_config.battle_log)
-        printf ("equip %d(%d) %x:%x\n", nameid, n, id->equip, pos);
-    if (!pc_isequip (sd, n) || !pos || sd->status.inventory[n].broken == 1)
+        PRINTF("equip %d (%d) %x:%x\n",
+                nameid, n, id->equip, pos);
+    if (!pc_isequip(sd, n) || pos == EPOS::ZERO || sd->status.inventory[n].broken == 1)
     {                           // [Valaris]
-        clif_equipitemack (sd, n, 0, 0);    // fail
+        clif_equipitemack(sd, n, EPOS::ZERO, 0);    // fail
         return 0;
     }
 
 // -- moonsoul (if player is berserk then cannot equip)
 //
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-    {
-        clif_equipitemack (sd, n, 0, 0);    // fail
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (pos == 0x88)
-    {                           // アクセサリ用例外処�
-        int  epor = 0;
-        if (sd->equip_index[0] >= 0)
-            epor |= sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[0]].equip;
-        if (sd->equip_index[1] >= 0)
-            epor |= sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[1]].equip;
-        epor &= 0x88;
-        pos = epor == 0x08 ? 0x80 : 0x08;
-    }
-
-    // 二刀�処�
-    if ((pos == 0x22)           // 一応�装備�求箇所�二刀�武器��ェック�る
-        && (id->equip == 2)     // � 手武器
-        && (pc_checkskill (sd, AS_LEFT) > 0 || sd->status.pc_class == 12)) // 左手修錬有
+    if (pos == (EPOS::MISC2 | EPOS::CAPE))
     {
-        int  tpos = 0;
-        if (sd->equip_index[8] >= 0)
-            tpos |= sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[8]].equip;
-        if (sd->equip_index[9] >= 0)
-            tpos |= sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[9]].equip;
-        tpos &= 0x02;
-        pos = tpos == 0x02 ? 0x20 : 0x02;
+        // アクセサリ用例外処�
+        EPOS epor = EPOS::ZERO;
+        if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::MISC2] >= 0)
+            epor |= sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::MISC2]].equip;
+        if (sd->equip_index[EQUIP::CAPE] >= 0)
+            epor |= sd->status.inventory[sd->equip_index[EQUIP::CAPE]].equip;
+        epor &= (EPOS::MISC2 | EPOS::CAPE);
+        pos = (epor == EPOS::CAPE ? EPOS::MISC2 : EPOS::CAPE);
     }
 
-    arrow = pc_search_inventory (sd, pc_checkequip (sd, 9));    // Added by RoVeRT
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
     {
-        if (pos & equip_pos[i])
+        if (bool(pos & equip_pos[i]))
         {
             if (sd->equip_index[i] >= 0)    //Slot taken, remove item from there.
-                pc_unequipitem (sd, sd->equip_index[i], 1);
+                pc_unequipitem(sd, sd->equip_index[i], CalcStatus::LATER);
             sd->equip_index[i] = n;
         }
     }
     // 弓矢装備
-    if (pos == 0x8000)
+    if (pos == EPOS::ARROW)
     {
-        clif_arrowequip (sd, n);
-        clif_arrow_fail (sd, 3);    // 3=矢�装備�����
+        clif_arrowequip(sd, n);
+        clif_arrow_fail(sd, 3);    // 3=矢�装備�����
     }
     else
     {
         /* Don't update re-equipping if we're using a spell */
-        if (!(pos == 4 && sd->attack_spell_override))
-            clif_equipitemack (sd, n, pos, 1);
+        if (!(pos == EPOS::GLOVES && sd->attack_spell_override))
+            clif_equipitemack(sd, n, pos, 1);
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
     {
-        if (pos & equip_pos[i])
+        if (bool(pos & equip_pos[i]))
             sd->equip_index[i] = n;
     }
     sd->status.inventory[n].equip = pos;
 
+    int view_i = 0;
+    ItemLook view_l = ItemLook::NONE;
+    // TODO: This is ugly.
     if (sd->inventory_data[n])
     {
-        view = sd->inventory_data[n]->look;
-        if (view == 0)
-            view = sd->inventory_data[n]->nameid;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        view = 0;
+        bool look_not_weapon = sd->inventory_data[n]->look == ItemLook::NONE;
+        bool equip_is_weapon = bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::WEAPON);
+        assert (look_not_weapon != equip_is_weapon);
+
+        if (look_not_weapon)
+            view_i = sd->inventory_data[n]->nameid;
+        else
+            view_l = sd->inventory_data[n]->look;
     }
 
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0002)
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::WEAPON))
     {
-        sd->weapontype1 = view;
-        pc_calcweapontype (sd);
-        pc_set_weapon_look (sd);
+        sd->weapontype1 = view_l;
+        pc_calcweapontype(sd);
+        pc_set_weapon_look(sd);
     }
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0020)
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::SHIELD))
     {
         if (sd->inventory_data[n])
         {
-            if (sd->inventory_data[n]->type == 4)
+            if (sd->inventory_data[n]->type == ItemType::WEAPON)
             {
                 sd->status.shield = 0;
-                if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip == 0x0020)
-                    sd->weapontype2 = view;
+                if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip == EPOS::SHIELD)
+                    sd->weapontype2 = view_l;
             }
-            else if (sd->inventory_data[n]->type == 5)
+            else if (sd->inventory_data[n]->type == ItemType::ARMOR)
             {
-                sd->status.shield = view;
-                sd->weapontype2 = 0;
+                sd->status.shield = view_i;
+                sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
             }
         }
         else
-            sd->status.shield = sd->weapontype2 = 0;
-        pc_calcweapontype (sd);
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_SHIELD, sd->status.shield);
-    }
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0001)
-    {
-        sd->status.head_bottom = view;
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM, sd->status.head_bottom);
-    }
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0100)
-    {
-        sd->status.head_top = view;
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_TOP, sd->status.head_top);
+        {
+            sd->status.shield = 0;
+            sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
+        }
+        pc_calcweapontype(sd);
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::SHIELD, sd->status.shield);
     }
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0200)
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::LEGS))
     {
-        sd->status.head_mid = view;
-        clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_MID, sd->status.head_mid);
-    }
-    pc_signal_advanced_equipment_change (sd, n);
-
-    pc_checkallowskill (sd);    // 装備��スキル�解除�れる��ェック
-    if (itemdb_look (sd->status.inventory[n].nameid) == 11 && arrow)
-    {                           // Added by RoVeRT
-        clif_arrowequip (sd, arrow);
-        sd->status.inventory[arrow].equip = 32768;
+        sd->status.head_bottom = view_i;
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::HEAD_BOTTOM, sd->status.head_bottom);
     }
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-
-    if (sd->special_state.infinite_endure)
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::HAT))
     {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer == -1)
-            skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_ENDURE, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        sd->status.head_top = view_i;
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::HEAD_TOP, sd->status.head_top);
     }
-    else
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::TORSO))
     {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].timer != -1 && sd->sc_data[SC_ENDURE].val2)
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_ENDURE, -1);
+        sd->status.head_mid = view_i;
+        clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::HEAD_MID, sd->status.head_mid);
     }
+    pc_signal_advanced_equipment_change(sd, n);
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].timer != -1
-        && !battle_check_undead (7, sd->def_ele))
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS, -1);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1
-        && (sd->status.weapon != 13 && sd->status.weapon != 14))
-        skill_stop_dancing (&sd->bl, 0);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7525,98 +4701,87 @@ int pc_equipitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int pos)
  * 装 備��物を外�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_unequipitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int type)
+int pc_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, CalcStatus type)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
 // -- moonsoul  (if player is berserk then cannot unequip)
 //
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-    {
-        clif_unequipitemack (sd, n, 0, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
     if (battle_config.battle_log)
-        printf ("unequip %d %x:%x\n", n, pc_equippoint (sd, n),
+        PRINTF("unequip %d %x:%x\n",
+                n, pc_equippoint(sd, n),
                 sd->status.inventory[n].equip);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip)
+    if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip))
     {
-        int  i;
-        for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+        for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
         {
-            if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & equip_pos[i])
+            if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & equip_pos[i]))
                 sd->equip_index[i] = -1;
         }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0002)
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::WEAPON))
         {
-            sd->weapontype1 = 0;
+            sd->weapontype1 = ItemLook::NONE;
             sd->status.weapon = sd->weapontype2;
-            pc_calcweapontype (sd);
-            pc_set_weapon_look (sd);
+            pc_calcweapontype(sd);
+            pc_set_weapon_look(sd);
         }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0020)
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::SHIELD))
         {
-            sd->status.shield = sd->weapontype2 = 0;
-            pc_calcweapontype (sd);
-            clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_SHIELD, sd->status.shield);
+            sd->status.shield = 0;
+            sd->weapontype2 = ItemLook::NONE;
+            pc_calcweapontype(sd);
+            clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::SHIELD, sd->status.shield);
         }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0001)
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::LEGS))
         {
             sd->status.head_bottom = 0;
-            clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM,
+            clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::HEAD_BOTTOM,
                              sd->status.head_bottom);
         }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0100)
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::HAT))
         {
             sd->status.head_top = 0;
-            clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_TOP, sd->status.head_top);
+            clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::HEAD_TOP, sd->status.head_top);
         }
-        if (sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0200)
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::TORSO))
         {
             sd->status.head_mid = 0;
-            clif_changelook (&sd->bl, LOOK_HEAD_MID, sd->status.head_mid);
+            clif_changelook(&sd->bl, LOOK::HEAD_MID, sd->status.head_mid);
         }
-        pc_signal_advanced_equipment_change (sd, n);
+        pc_signal_advanced_equipment_change(sd, n);
 
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_BROKNWEAPON].timer != -1
-            && sd->status.inventory[n].equip & 0x0002
-            && sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_BROKNWEAPON, -1);
+        if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON].timer
+            && bool(sd->status.inventory[n].equip & EPOS::WEAPON)
+            && sd->status.inventory[n].broken == 1)
+            skill_status_change_end(&sd->bl, StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON, nullptr);
 
-        clif_unequipitemack (sd, n, sd->status.inventory[n].equip, 1);
-        sd->status.inventory[n].equip = 0;
-        if (!type)
-            pc_checkallowskill (sd);
-        if (sd->weapontype1 == 0 && sd->weapontype2 == 0)
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (&sd->bl, -1); //武器��誓��無�件�属性付与解除
+        clif_unequipitemack(sd, n, sd->status.inventory[n].equip, 1);
+        sd->status.inventory[n].equip = EPOS::ZERO;
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_unequipitemack (sd, n, 0, 0);
+        clif_unequipitemack(sd, n, EPOS::ZERO, 0);
     }
-    if (!type)
+    if (type == CalcStatus::NOW)
     {
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS].timer != -1
-            && !battle_check_undead (7, sd->def_ele))
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS, -1);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_unequipinvyitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int type)
+int pc_unequipinvyitem(struct map_session_data *sd, int n, CalcStatus type)
 {
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
     {
-        if (equip_pos[i] > 0 && sd->equip_index[i] == n)
-        {                       //Slot taken, remove item from there.
-            pc_unequipitem (sd, sd->equip_index[i], type);
+        if (equip_pos[i] != EPOS::ZERO
+            && !bool(equip_pos[i] & EPOS::ARROW) // probably a bug
+            && sd->equip_index[i] == n)
+        {
+            //Slot taken, remove item from there.
+            pc_unequipitem(sd, sd->equip_index[i], type);
             sd->equip_index[i] = -1;
         }
     }
@@ -7629,37 +4794,37 @@ int pc_unequipinvyitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int type)
  * 装 備��装備�能�ェックを行��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_checkitem (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_checkitem(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  i, j, k, id, calc_flag = 0;
+    int i, j, k, id, calc_flag = 0;
     struct item_data *it = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     // 所��空�詰�
     for (i = j = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if ((id = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid) == 0)
             continue;
-        if (battle_config.item_check && !itemdb_available (id))
+        if (battle_config.item_check && !itemdb_available(id))
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("illeagal item id %d in %d[%s] inventory.\n", id,
+                PRINTF("illeagal item id %d in %d[%s] inventory.\n", id,
                         sd->bl.id, sd->status.name);
-            pc_delitem (sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 3);
+            pc_delitem(sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 3);
             continue;
         }
         if (i > j)
         {
-            memcpy (&sd->status.inventory[j], &sd->status.inventory[i],
-                    sizeof (struct item));
+            memcpy(&sd->status.inventory[j], &sd->status.inventory[i],
+                    sizeof(struct item));
             sd->inventory_data[j] = sd->inventory_data[i];
         }
         j++;
     }
     if (j < MAX_INVENTORY)
-        memset (&sd->status.inventory[j], 0,
-                sizeof (struct item) * (MAX_INVENTORY - j));
+        memset(&sd->status.inventory[j], 0,
+                sizeof(struct item) * (MAX_INVENTORY - j));
     for (k = j; k < MAX_INVENTORY; k++)
         sd->inventory_data[k] = NULL;
 
@@ -7668,24 +4833,24 @@ int pc_checkitem (struct map_session_data *sd)
     {
         if ((id = sd->status.cart[i].nameid) == 0)
             continue;
-        if (battle_config.item_check && !itemdb_available (id))
+        if (battle_config.item_check && !itemdb_available(id))
         {
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("illeagal item id %d in %d[%s] cart.\n", id,
+                PRINTF("illeagal item id %d in %d[%s] cart.\n", id,
                         sd->bl.id, sd->status.name);
-            pc_cart_delitem (sd, i, sd->status.cart[i].amount, 1);
+            pc_cart_delitem(sd, i, sd->status.cart[i].amount, 1);
             continue;
         }
         if (i > j)
         {
-            memcpy (&sd->status.cart[j], &sd->status.cart[i],
-                    sizeof (struct item));
+            memcpy(&sd->status.cart[j], &sd->status.cart[i],
+                    sizeof(struct item));
         }
         j++;
     }
     if (j < MAX_CART)
-        memset (&sd->status.cart[j], 0,
-                sizeof (struct item) * (MAX_CART - j));
+        memset(&sd->status.cart[j], 0,
+                sizeof(struct item) * (MAX_CART - j));
 
     // 装 備�置�ェック
 
@@ -7696,59 +4861,54 @@ int pc_checkitem (struct map_session_data *sd)
 
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid == 0)
             continue;
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip & ~pc_equippoint (sd, i))
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip & ~pc_equippoint(sd, i)))
         {
-            sd->status.inventory[i].equip = 0;
+            sd->status.inventory[i].equip = EPOS::ZERO;
             calc_flag = 1;
         }
         //装備制��ェック
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip && map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp
+        if (bool(sd->status.inventory[i].equip)
+            && map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp
             && (it->flag.no_equip == 1 || it->flag.no_equip == 3))
         {                       //PvP制�
-            sd->status.inventory[i].equip = 0;
-            calc_flag = 1;
-        }
-        else if (sd->status.inventory[i].equip && map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg
-                 && (it->flag.no_equip == 2 || it->flag.no_equip == 3))
-        {                       //GvG制�
-            sd->status.inventory[i].equip = 0;
+            sd->status.inventory[i].equip = EPOS::ZERO;
             calc_flag = 1;
         }
     }
 
-    pc_setequipindex (sd);
+    pc_setequipindex(sd);
     if (calc_flag)
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 2);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 2);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_checkoverhp (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_checkoverhp(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.hp == sd->status.max_hp)
         return 1;
     if (sd->status.hp > sd->status.max_hp)
     {
         sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
         return 2;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int pc_checkoversp (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_checkoversp(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
     if (sd->status.sp == sd->status.max_sp)
         return 1;
     if (sd->status.sp > sd->status.max_sp)
     {
         sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
         return 2;
     }
 
@@ -7760,41 +4920,36 @@ int pc_checkoversp (struct map_session_data *sd)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int pc_calc_pvprank_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void pc_calc_pvprank_sub(struct block_list *bl, struct map_session_data *sd2)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd1, *sd2 = NULL;
+    struct map_session_data *sd1;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd1 = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd2 = va_arg (ap, struct map_session_data *));
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    sd1 = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
+    nullpo_retv(sd2);
 
     if (sd1->pvp_point > sd2->pvp_point)
         sd2->pvp_rank++;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * PVP順�計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_calc_pvprank (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_calc_pvprank(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  old;
     struct map_data *m;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, m = &map[sd->bl.m]);
-
-    old = sd->pvp_rank;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    m = &map[sd->bl.m];
+    nullpo_ret(m);
 
     if (!(m->flag.pvp))
         return 0;
     sd->pvp_rank = 1;
-    map_foreachinarea (pc_calc_pvprank_sub, sd->bl.m, 0, 0, m->xs, m->ys,
-                       BL_PC, sd);
-    if (old != sd->pvp_rank || sd->pvp_lastusers != m->users)
-        clif_pvpset (sd, sd->pvp_rank, sd->pvp_lastusers = m->users, 0);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(pc_calc_pvprank_sub, ph::_1, sd),
+            sd->bl.m, 0, 0, m->xs, m->ys,
+            BL::PC);
     return sd->pvp_rank;
 }
 
@@ -7802,26 +4957,28 @@ int pc_calc_pvprank (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * PVP順�計算(timer)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void pc_calc_pvprank_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void pc_calc_pvprank_timer(TimerData *, tick_t, int id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
     if (battle_config.pk_mode)  // disable pvp ranking if pk_mode on [Valaris]
         return;
 
-    sd = map_id2sd (id);
+    sd = map_id2sd(id);
     if (sd == NULL)
         return;
-    sd->pvp_timer = -1;
-    if (pc_calc_pvprank (sd) > 0)
-        sd->pvp_timer = add_timer (gettick () + PVP_CALCRANK_INTERVAL,
-                                   pc_calc_pvprank_timer, id, data);
+    sd->pvp_timer.cancel();
+    if (pc_calc_pvprank(sd) > 0)
+        sd->pvp_timer = Timer(gettick() + PVP_CALCRANK_INTERVAL,
+                std::bind(pc_calc_pvprank_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                    id));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * sd��婚���る�(既婚�場��相方�char_idを返�)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_ismarried (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+int pc_ismarried(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     if (sd == NULL)
         return -1;
@@ -7835,7 +4992,7 @@ int pc_ismarried (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * sd�dstsd��婚(dstsd→sd��婚処�も�時�行�)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_marriage (struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *dstsd)
+int pc_marriage(struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *dstsd)
 {
     if (sd == NULL || dstsd == NULL || sd->status.partner_id > 0
         || dstsd->status.partner_id > 0)
@@ -7849,20 +5006,20 @@ int pc_marriage (struct map_session_data *sd, struct map_session_data *dstsd)
  * sd�離婚(相手�sd->status.partner_id��る)(相手も�時�離婚・�婚指輪自動剥奪)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_divorce (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int pc_divorce(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *p_sd = NULL;
-    if (sd == NULL || !pc_ismarried (sd))
+    if (sd == NULL || !pc_ismarried(sd))
         return -1;
 
     // If both are on map server we don't need to bother the char server
     if ((p_sd =
-         map_nick2sd (map_charid2nick (sd->status.partner_id))) != NULL)
+         map_nick2sd(map_charid2nick(sd->status.partner_id))) != NULL)
     {
         if (p_sd->status.partner_id != sd->status.char_id
             || sd->status.partner_id != p_sd->status.char_id)
         {
-            printf ("pc_divorce: Illegal partner_id sd=%d p_sd=%d\n",
+            PRINTF("pc_divorce: Illegal partner_id sd=%d p_sd=%d\n",
                     sd->status.partner_id, p_sd->status.partner_id);
             return -1;
         }
@@ -7872,11 +5029,11 @@ int pc_divorce (struct map_session_data *sd)
         if (sd->npc_flags.divorce)
         {
             sd->npc_flags.divorce = 0;
-            map_scriptcont (sd, sd->npc_id);
+            map_scriptcont(sd, sd->npc_id);
         }
     }
     else
-        chrif_send_divorce (sd->status.char_id);
+        chrif_send_divorce(sd->status.char_id);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7885,19 +5042,19 @@ int pc_divorce (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * sd�相方�map_session_dataを返�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-struct map_session_data *pc_get_partner (struct map_session_data *sd)
+struct map_session_data *pc_get_partner(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *p_sd = NULL;
     char *nick;
-    if (sd == NULL || !pc_ismarried (sd))
+    if (sd == NULL || !pc_ismarried(sd))
         return NULL;
 
-    nick = map_charid2nick (sd->status.partner_id);
+    nick = map_charid2nick(sd->status.partner_id);
 
     if (nick == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    if ((p_sd = map_nick2sd (nick)) == NULL)
+    if ((p_sd = map_nick2sd(nick)) == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
     return p_sd;
@@ -7910,29 +5067,20 @@ struct map_session_data *pc_get_partner (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * SP回復�計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int natural_heal_tick, natural_heal_prev_tick, natural_heal_diff_tick;
-static int pc_spheal (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  a;
-    struct guild_castle *gc = NULL;
+static
+tick_t natural_heal_tick, natural_heal_prev_tick;
+static
+interval_t natural_heal_diff_tick;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+static
+interval_t pc_spheal(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), sd);
 
-    a = natural_heal_diff_tick;
-    if (pc_issit (sd))
-        a += a;
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_MAGNIFICAT].timer != -1) // マグニフィカート
+    interval_t a = natural_heal_diff_tick;
+    if (pc_issit(sd))
         a += a;
 
-    gc = guild_mapname2gc (sd->mapname);    // Increased guild castle regen [Valaris]
-    if (gc)
-    {
-        struct guild *g;
-        g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-        if (g && g->guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-            a += a;
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
-
     return a;
 }
 
@@ -7940,333 +5088,154 @@ static int pc_spheal (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * HP回復�計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int pc_hpheal (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+interval_t pc_hpheal(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  a;
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), sd);
 
-    a = natural_heal_diff_tick;
-    if (pc_issit (sd))
+    interval_t a = natural_heal_diff_tick;
+    if (pc_issit(sd))
         a += a;
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_MAGNIFICAT].timer != -1) // Modified by RoVeRT
-        a += a;
-
-    gc = guild_mapname2gc (sd->mapname);    // Increased guild castle regen [Valaris]
-    if (gc)
-    {
-        struct guild *g;
-        g = guild_search (sd->status.guild_id);
-        if (g && g->guild_id == gc->guild_id)
-            a += a;
-    }                           // end addition [Valaris]
 
     return a;
 }
 
-static int pc_natural_heal_hp (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+int pc_natural_heal_hp(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  bhp;
-    int  inc_num, bonus, skill, hp_flag;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    int bhp;
+    int bonus;
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)  // Modified by RoVeRT
-        return 0;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (pc_checkoverhp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoverhp(sd))
     {
-        sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = 0;
+        sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
         return 0;
     }
 
     bhp = sd->status.hp;
-    hp_flag = (pc_checkskill (sd, SM_MOVINGRECOVERY) > 0
-               && sd->walktimer != -1);
 
-    if (sd->walktimer == -1)
+    if (!sd->walktimer)
     {
-        inc_num = pc_hpheal (sd);
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_TENSIONRELAX].timer != -1)
-        {                       // テンションリラックス
-            sd->hp_sub += 2 * inc_num;
-            sd->inchealhptick += 3 * natural_heal_diff_tick;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            sd->hp_sub += inc_num;
-            sd->inchealhptick += natural_heal_diff_tick;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (hp_flag)
-    {
-        inc_num = pc_hpheal (sd);
+        interval_t inc_num = pc_hpheal(sd);
         sd->hp_sub += inc_num;
-        sd->inchealhptick = 0;
+        sd->inchealhptick += natural_heal_diff_tick;
     }
     else
     {
-        sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = 0;
+        sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (sd->hp_sub >= battle_config.natural_healhp_interval)
+    if (sd->hp_sub >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_healhp_interval))
     {
         bonus = sd->nhealhp;
-        if (hp_flag)
-        {
-            bonus >>= 2;
-            if (bonus <= 0)
-                bonus = 1;
-        }
-        while (sd->hp_sub >= battle_config.natural_healhp_interval)
+        while (sd->hp_sub >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_healhp_interval))
         {
-            sd->hp_sub -= battle_config.natural_healhp_interval;
+            sd->hp_sub -= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_healhp_interval);
             if (sd->status.hp + bonus <= sd->status.max_hp)
                 sd->status.hp += bonus;
             else
             {
                 sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
-                sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = 0;
+                sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
             }
         }
     }
     if (bhp != sd->status.hp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::HP);
 
     if (sd->nshealhp > 0)
     {
-        if (sd->inchealhptick >= battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval
+        if (sd->inchealhptick >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval)
             && sd->status.hp < sd->status.max_hp)
         {
             bonus = sd->nshealhp;
-            while (sd->inchealhptick >=
-                   battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval)
-            {
-                sd->inchealhptick -=
-                    battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval;
-                if (sd->status.hp + bonus <= sd->status.max_hp)
-                    sd->status.hp += bonus;
-                else
-                {
-                    bonus = sd->status.max_hp - sd->status.hp;
-                    sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
-                    sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = 0;
-                }
-                clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_HP, bonus);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        sd->inchealhptick = 0;
-
-    return 0;
-
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_APPLEIDUN].timer != -1)
-    {                           // Apple of Idun
-        if (sd->inchealhptick >= 6000 && sd->status.hp < sd->status.max_hp)
-        {
-            bonus = skill * 20;
-            while (sd->inchealhptick >= 6000)
+            while (sd->inchealhptick >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval))
             {
-                sd->inchealhptick -= 6000;
+                sd->inchealhptick -= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval);
                 if (sd->status.hp + bonus <= sd->status.max_hp)
                     sd->status.hp += bonus;
                 else
                 {
                     bonus = sd->status.max_hp - sd->status.hp;
                     sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
-                    sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = 0;
+                    sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
                 }
-                clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_HP, bonus);
             }
         }
     }
     else
-        sd->inchealhptick = 0;
+        sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int pc_natural_heal_sp (struct map_session_data *sd)
+static
+int pc_natural_heal_sp(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  bsp;
-    int  inc_num, bonus;
+    int bsp;
+    int bonus;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)  // Modified by RoVeRT
-        return 0;
-
-    if (pc_checkoversp (sd))
+    if (pc_checkoversp(sd))
     {
-        sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = 0;
+        sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
         return 0;
     }
 
     bsp = sd->status.sp;
 
-    inc_num = pc_spheal (sd);
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].timer == -1)
-        sd->sp_sub += inc_num;
-    if (sd->walktimer == -1)
+    interval_t inc_num = pc_spheal(sd);
+    sd->sp_sub += inc_num;
+    if (!sd->walktimer)
         sd->inchealsptick += natural_heal_diff_tick;
     else
-        sd->inchealsptick = 0;
+        sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
 
-    if (sd->sp_sub >= battle_config.natural_healsp_interval)
+    if (sd->sp_sub >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_healsp_interval))
     {
-        bonus = sd->nhealsp;;
-        while (sd->sp_sub >= battle_config.natural_healsp_interval)
+        bonus = sd->nhealsp;
+        while (sd->sp_sub >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_healsp_interval))
         {
-            sd->sp_sub -= battle_config.natural_healsp_interval;
+            sd->sp_sub -= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_healsp_interval);
             if (sd->status.sp + bonus <= sd->status.max_sp)
                 sd->status.sp += bonus;
             else
             {
                 sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-                sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = 0;
+                sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
             }
         }
     }
 
     if (bsp != sd->status.sp)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::SP);
 
     if (sd->nshealsp > 0)
     {
-        if (sd->inchealsptick >= battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval
+        if (sd->inchealsptick >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval)
             && sd->status.sp < sd->status.max_sp)
         {
-            struct pc_base_job s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-            if (sd->doridori_counter && s_class.job == 23)
-                bonus = sd->nshealsp * 2;
-            else
-                bonus = sd->nshealsp;
-            sd->doridori_counter = 0;
-            while (sd->inchealsptick >=
-                   battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval)
+            bonus = sd->nshealsp;
+            while (sd->inchealsptick >= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval))
             {
-                sd->inchealsptick -=
-                    battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval;
+                sd->inchealsptick -= static_cast<interval_t>(battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval);
                 if (sd->status.sp + bonus <= sd->status.max_sp)
                     sd->status.sp += bonus;
                 else
                 {
                     bonus = sd->status.max_sp - sd->status.sp;
                     sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-                    sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = 0;
+                    sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
                 }
-                clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_SP, bonus);
             }
         }
     }
     else
-        sd->inchealsptick = 0;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int pc_spirit_heal_hp (struct map_session_data *sd, int level)
-{
-    int  bonus_hp, interval = battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval;
-    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (&sd->bl);
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (pc_checkoverhp (sd))
-    {
-        sd->inchealspirithptick = 0;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    sd->inchealspirithptick += natural_heal_diff_tick;
-
-    if (sd->weight * 100 / sd->max_weight >=
-        battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate
-        && sc_data[SC_FLYING_BACKPACK].timer == -1)
-        interval += interval;
-
-    if (sd->inchealspirithptick >= interval)
-    {
-        bonus_hp = sd->nsshealhp;
-        while (sd->inchealspirithptick >= interval)
-        {
-            if (pc_issit (sd))
-            {
-                sd->inchealspirithptick -= interval;
-                if (sd->status.hp < sd->status.max_hp)
-                {
-                    if (sd->status.hp + bonus_hp <= sd->status.max_hp)
-                        sd->status.hp += bonus_hp;
-                    else
-                    {
-                        bonus_hp = sd->status.max_hp - sd->status.hp;
-                        sd->status.hp = sd->status.max_hp;
-                    }
-                    clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_HP, bonus_hp);
-                    sd->inchealspirithptick = 0;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                sd->inchealspirithptick -= natural_heal_diff_tick;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int pc_spirit_heal_sp (struct map_session_data *sd, int level)
-{
-    int  bonus_sp, interval = battle_config.natural_heal_skill_interval;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (pc_checkoversp (sd))
-    {
-        sd->inchealspiritsptick = 0;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    sd->inchealspiritsptick += natural_heal_diff_tick;
-
-    if (sd->weight * 100 / sd->max_weight >=
-        battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate)
-        interval += interval;
-
-    if (sd->inchealspiritsptick >= interval)
-    {
-        bonus_sp = sd->nsshealsp;
-        while (sd->inchealspiritsptick >= interval)
-        {
-            if (pc_issit (sd))
-            {
-                sd->inchealspiritsptick -= interval;
-                if (sd->status.sp < sd->status.max_sp)
-                {
-                    if (sd->status.sp + bonus_sp <= sd->status.max_sp)
-                        sd->status.sp += bonus_sp;
-                    else
-                    {
-                        bonus_sp = sd->status.max_sp - sd->status.sp;
-                        sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-                    }
-                    clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_SP, bonus_sp);
-                    sd->inchealspiritsptick = 0;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                sd->inchealspiritsptick -= natural_heal_diff_tick;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
+        sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -8275,14 +5244,14 @@ static int pc_spirit_heal_sp (struct map_session_data *sd, int level)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-static int
-pc_quickregenerate_effect (struct quick_regeneration *quick_regen,
+static
+int pc_quickregenerate_effect(struct quick_regeneration *quick_regen,
                            int heal_speed)
 {
     if (!(quick_regen->tickdelay--))
     {
-        int  bonus =
-            MIN (heal_speed * battle_config.itemheal_regeneration_factor,
+        int bonus =
+            min(heal_speed * battle_config.itemheal_regeneration_factor,
                  quick_regen->amount);
 
         quick_regen->amount -= bonus;
@@ -8295,11 +5264,10 @@ pc_quickregenerate_effect (struct quick_regeneration *quick_regen,
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int pc_natural_heal_sub (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
+static
+void pc_natural_heal_sub(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  skill;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (sd->heal_xp > 0)
     {
@@ -8313,7 +5281,7 @@ static int pc_natural_heal_sub (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
     if (sd->spellpower_bonus_target < sd->spellpower_bonus_current)
     {
         sd->spellpower_bonus_current = sd->spellpower_bonus_target;
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
     }
     else if (sd->spellpower_bonus_target > sd->spellpower_bonus_current)
     {
@@ -8321,55 +5289,40 @@ static int pc_natural_heal_sub (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
             1 +
             ((sd->spellpower_bonus_target -
               sd->spellpower_bonus_current) >> 5);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
     }
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_HALT_REGENERATE].timer != -1)
-        return 0;
+    if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_HALT_REGENERATE].timer)
+        return;
 
     if (sd->quick_regeneration_hp.amount || sd->quick_regeneration_sp.amount)
     {
-        int  hp_bonus = pc_quickregenerate_effect (&sd->quick_regeneration_hp,
-                                                   (sd->sc_data[SC_POISON].timer == -1 || sd->sc_data[SC_SLOWPOISON].timer != -1) ? sd->nhealhp : 1);   // [fate] slow down when poisoned
-        int  sp_bonus = pc_quickregenerate_effect (&sd->quick_regeneration_sp,
+        int hp_bonus = pc_quickregenerate_effect(&sd->quick_regeneration_hp,
+                (!sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer
+                    || sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SLOWPOISON].timer)
+                ? sd->nhealhp
+                : 1);   // [fate] slow down when poisoned
+        int sp_bonus = pc_quickregenerate_effect(&sd->quick_regeneration_sp,
                                                    sd->nhealsp);
 
-        pc_itemheal_effect (sd, hp_bonus, sp_bonus);
+        pc_itemheal_effect(sd, hp_bonus, sp_bonus);
     }
-    skill_update_heal_animation (sd);   // if needed.
+    skill_update_heal_animation(sd);   // if needed.
 
-// -- moonsoul (if conditions below altered to disallow natural healing if under berserk status)
-    if ((sd->sc_data[SC_FLYING_BACKPACK].timer != -1
-         || battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate > 100
-         || sd->weight * 100 / sd->max_weight <
-         battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate) && !pc_isdead (sd)
-        && !pc_ishiding (sd) && sd->sc_data[SC_POISON].timer == -1)
-    {
-        pc_natural_heal_hp (sd);
-        if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_EXTREMITYFIST].timer == -1 && //阿修羅状態��SP�回復���
-            sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer == -1 &&  //ダンス状態��SP�回復���
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer == -1 //�ーサーク状態��SP�回復���
-            )
-            pc_natural_heal_sp (sd);
-    }
-    else
+    if ((sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_FLYING_BACKPACK].timer
+            || battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate > 100
+            || sd->weight * 100 / sd->max_weight < battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate)
+        && !pc_isdead(sd)
+        && !sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer)
     {
-        sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = 0;
-        sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = 0;
-    }
-    if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, MO_SPIRITSRECOVERY)) > 0
-        && !pc_ishiding (sd) && sd->sc_data[SC_POISON].timer == -1
-        && sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer == -1)
-    {
-        pc_spirit_heal_hp (sd, skill);
-        pc_spirit_heal_sp (sd, skill);
+        pc_natural_heal_hp(sd);
+        pc_natural_heal_sp(sd);
     }
     else
     {
-        sd->inchealspirithptick = 0;
-        sd->inchealspiritsptick = 0;
+        sd->hp_sub = sd->inchealhptick = interval_t::zero();
+        sd->sp_sub = sd->inchealsptick = interval_t::zero();
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8377,12 +5330,11 @@ static int pc_natural_heal_sub (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void pc_natural_heal (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void pc_natural_heal(TimerData *, tick_t tick)
 {
     natural_heal_tick = tick;
-    natural_heal_diff_tick =
-        DIFF_TICK (natural_heal_tick, natural_heal_prev_tick);
-    clif_foreachclient (pc_natural_heal_sub);
+    natural_heal_diff_tick = natural_heal_tick - natural_heal_prev_tick;
+    clif_foreachclient(pc_natural_heal_sub);
 
     natural_heal_prev_tick = tick;
 }
@@ -8391,11 +5343,11 @@ void pc_natural_heal (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t d
  * セーブ�イント��存
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int pc_setsavepoint (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x, int y)
+int pc_setsavepoint(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x, int y)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    strncpy (sd->status.save_point.map, mapname, 23);
+    strncpy(sd->status.save_point.map, mapname, 23);
     sd->status.save_point.map[23] = '\0';
     sd->status.save_point.x = x;
     sd->status.save_point.y = y;
@@ -8407,47 +5359,21 @@ int pc_setsavepoint (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *mapname, int x, in
  * 自動セーブ �クライアント
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int last_save_fd, save_flag;
-static int pc_autosave_sub (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
+static
+int last_save_fd, save_flag;
+static
+void pc_autosave_sub(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     if (save_flag == 0 && sd->fd > last_save_fd)
     {
-        struct guild_castle *gc = NULL;
-        int  i;
-
-        pc_makesavestatus (sd);
-        chrif_save (sd);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-        {
-            gc = guild_castle_search (i);
-            if (!gc)
-                continue;
-            if (gc->visibleG0 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 18, gc->Ghp0);
-            if (gc->visibleG1 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 19, gc->Ghp1);
-            if (gc->visibleG2 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 20, gc->Ghp2);
-            if (gc->visibleG3 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 21, gc->Ghp3);
-            if (gc->visibleG4 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 22, gc->Ghp4);
-            if (gc->visibleG5 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 23, gc->Ghp5);
-            if (gc->visibleG6 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 24, gc->Ghp6);
-            if (gc->visibleG7 == 1)
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, 25, gc->Ghp7);
-        }
+        pc_makesavestatus(sd);
+        chrif_save(sd);
 
         save_flag = 1;
         last_save_fd = sd->fd;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8455,578 +5381,109 @@ static int pc_autosave_sub (struct map_session_data *sd, va_list ap)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void pc_autosave (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void pc_autosave(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
-    int  interval;
-
     save_flag = 0;
-    clif_foreachclient (pc_autosave_sub);
+    clif_foreachclient(pc_autosave_sub);
     if (save_flag == 0)
         last_save_fd = 0;
 
-    interval = autosave_interval / (clif_countusers () + 1);
-    if (interval <= 0)
-        interval = 1;
-    add_timer (gettick () + interval, pc_autosave, 0, 0);
+    interval_t interval = autosave_interval / (clif_countusers() + 1);
+    if (interval <= interval_t::zero())
+        interval = std::chrono::milliseconds(1);
+    Timer(gettick() + interval,
+            pc_autosave
+    ).detach();
 }
 
-int pc_read_gm_account (int fd)
+int pc_read_gm_account(int fd)
 {
-    int  i = 0;
+    int i = 0;
     if (gm_account != NULL)
-        free (gm_account);
+        free(gm_account);
     GM_num = 0;
 
-    CREATE (gm_account, struct gm_account, (RFIFOW (fd, 2) - 4) / 5);
-    for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW (fd, 2); i = i + 5)
+    CREATE(gm_account, struct gm_account, (RFIFOW(fd, 2) - 4) / 5);
+    for (i = 4; i < RFIFOW(fd, 2); i = i + 5)
     {
-        gm_account[GM_num].account_id = RFIFOL (fd, i);
-        gm_account[GM_num].level = (int) RFIFOB (fd, i + 4);
-        //printf("GM account: %d -> level %d\n", gm_account[GM_num].account_id, gm_account[GM_num].level);
+        gm_account[GM_num].account_id = RFIFOL(fd, i);
+        gm_account[GM_num].level = (int) RFIFOB(fd, i + 4);
+        //PRINTF("GM account: %d -> level %d\n", gm_account[GM_num].account_id, gm_account[GM_num].level);
         GM_num++;
     }
     return GM_num;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * timer to do the day
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void map_day_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{                               // by [yor]
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
-    int  i;
-    char tmpstr[1024];
-
-    if (battle_config.day_duration > 0)
-    {                           // if we want a day
-        if (night_flag != 0)
-        {
-            strcpy (tmpstr, "The day has arrived!");
-            night_flag = 0;     // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
-            for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-            {
-                if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
-                    && pl_sd->state.auth)
-                {
-                    pl_sd->opt2 &= ~STATE_BLIND;
-                    clif_changeoption (&pl_sd->bl);
-                    clif_wis_message (pl_sd->fd, wisp_server_name, tmpstr,
-                                      strlen (tmpstr) + 1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * timer to do the night
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-void map_night_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{                               // by [yor]
-    struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
-    int  i;
-    char tmpstr[1024];
-
-    if (battle_config.night_duration > 0)
-    {                           // if we want a night
-        if (night_flag == 0)
-        {
-            strcpy (tmpstr, "The night has fallen...");
-            night_flag = 1;     // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
-            for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
-            {
-                if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
-                    && pl_sd->state.auth)
-                {
-                    pl_sd->opt2 |= STATE_BLIND;
-                    clif_changeoption (&pl_sd->bl);
-                    clif_wis_message (pl_sd->fd, wisp_server_name, tmpstr,
-                                      strlen (tmpstr) + 1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void pc_setstand (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void pc_setstand(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (sd->sc_data && sd->sc_data[SC_TENSIONRELAX].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_TENSIONRELAX, -1);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     sd->state.dead_sit = 0;
 }
 
-//
-// �期化物
-//
-/*==========================================
- * 設定ファイル読�込む
- * exp.txt 必�経験値
- * job_db1.txt ��,hp,sp,攻撃速度
- * job_db2.txt job能力値ボーナス
- * skill_tree.txt ��毎�スキルツリー
- * attr_fix.txt 属性修正テーブル
- * size_fix.txt サイズ補正テーブル
- * refine_db.txt 精錬データテーブル
- *------------------------------------------
- */
 static
-int pc_readdb (void)
+int pc_calc_sigma(void)
 {
-    int  i, j, k;
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024], *p;
-
-    // 必�経験値読�込�
-
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/exp.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/exp.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        int  bn, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, jn, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5, j6;
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        if (sscanf
-            (line, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d", &bn, &b1, &b2,
-             &b3, &b4, &b5, &b6, &jn, &j1, &j2, &j3, &j4, &j5, &j6) != 14)
-            continue;
-        exp_table[0][i] = bn;
-        exp_table[1][i] = b1;
-        exp_table[2][i] = b2;
-        exp_table[3][i] = b3;
-        exp_table[4][i] = b4;
-        exp_table[5][i] = b5;
-        exp_table[6][i] = b6;
-        exp_table[7][i] = jn;
-        exp_table[8][i] = j1;
-        exp_table[9][i] = j2;
-        exp_table[10][i] = j3;
-        exp_table[11][i] = j4;
-        exp_table[12][i] = j5;
-        exp_table[13][i] = j6;
-        i++;
-        if (i >= battle_config.maximum_level)
-            break;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/exp.txt done\n");
-
-    // JOB補正数値１
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/job_db1.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/job_db1.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[50];
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 21 && p; j++)
-        {
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        if (j < 21)
-            continue;
-        max_weight_base[i] = atoi (split[0]);
-        hp_coefficient[i] = atoi (split[1]);
-        hp_coefficient2[i] = atoi (split[2]);
-        sp_coefficient[i] = atoi (split[3]);
-        for (j = 0; j < 17; j++)
-            aspd_base[i][j] = atoi (split[j + 4]);
-        i++;
-// -- moonsoul (below two lines added to accommodate high numbered new class ids)
-        if (i == 24)
-            i = 4001;
-        if (i == MAX_PC_CLASS)
-            break;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/job_db1.txt done\n");
-
-    // JOBボーナス
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/job_db2.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/job_db2.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < MAX_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            if (sscanf (p, "%d", &k) == 0)
-                break;
-            job_bonus[0][i][j] = k;
-            job_bonus[2][i][j] = k; //養���ボーナス�分�ら����仮
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                p++;
-        }
-        i++;
-// -- moonsoul (below two lines added to accommodate high numbered new class ids)
-        if (i == 24)
-            i = 4001;
-        if (i == MAX_PC_CLASS)
-            break;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/job_db2.txt done\n");
+    int j, k;
 
-    // JOBボーナス2 転生�用
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/job_db2-2.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/job_db2-2.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
     {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < MAX_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            if (sscanf (p, "%d", &k) == 0)
-                break;
-            job_bonus[1][i][j] = k;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                p++;
-        }
-        i++;
-        if (i == MAX_PC_CLASS)
-            break;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/job_db2-2.txt done\n");
-
-    // スキルツリー
-    memset (skill_tree, 0, sizeof (skill_tree));
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/skill_tree.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/skill_tree.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[50];
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 13 && p; j++)
-        {
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        if (j < 13)
-            continue;
-        i = atoi (split[0]);
-        for (j = 0; skill_tree[0][i][j].id; j++);
-        skill_tree[0][i][j].id = atoi (split[1]);
-        skill_tree[0][i][j].max = atoi (split[2]);
-        skill_tree[2][i][j].id = atoi (split[1]);   //養���良�分�ら����暫定
-        skill_tree[2][i][j].max = atoi (split[2]);  //養���良�分�ら����暫定
-        for (k = 0; k < 5; k++)
-        {
-            skill_tree[0][i][j].need[k].id = atoi (split[k * 2 + 3]);
-            skill_tree[0][i][j].need[k].lv = atoi (split[k * 2 + 4]);
-            skill_tree[2][i][j].need[k].id = atoi (split[k * 2 + 3]);   //養���良�分�ら����暫定
-            skill_tree[2][i][j].need[k].lv = atoi (split[k * 2 + 4]);   //養���良�分�ら����暫定
-        }
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/skill_tree.txt done\n");
-
-    // 属性修正テーブル
-    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-        for (j = 0; j < 10; j++)
-            for (k = 0; k < 10; k++)
-                attr_fix_table[i][j][k] = 100;
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/attr_fix.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/attr_fix.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[10];
-        int  lv, n;
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 3 && p; j++)
-        {
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        lv = atoi (split[0]);
-        n = atoi (split[1]);
-//      printf("%d %d\n",lv,n);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < n;)
-        {
-            if (!fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-                break;
-            if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-                continue;
-
-            for (j = 0, p = line; j < n && p; j++)
-            {
-                while (*p == 32 && *p > 0)
-                    p++;
-                attr_fix_table[lv - 1][i][j] = atoi (p);
-                if (battle_config.attr_recover == 0
-                    && attr_fix_table[lv - 1][i][j] < 0)
-                    attr_fix_table[lv - 1][i][j] = 0;
-                p = strchr (p, ',');
-                if (p)
-                    *p++ = 0;
-            }
-
-            i++;
-        }
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/attr_fix.txt done\n");
-
-    // サイズ補正テーブル
-    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-        for (j = 0; j < 20; j++)
-            atkmods[i][j] = 100;
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/size_fix.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/size_fix.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[20];
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        if (atoi (line) <= 0)
-            continue;
-        memset (split, 0, sizeof (split));
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 20 && p; j++)
-        {
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (j = 0; j < 20 && split[j]; j++)
-            atkmods[i][j] = atoi (split[j]);
-        i++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/size_fix.txt done\n");
-
-    // 精錬データテーブル
-    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-    {
-        for (j = 0; j < 10; j++)
-            percentrefinery[i][j] = 100;
-        refinebonus[i][0] = 0;
-        refinebonus[i][1] = 0;
-        refinebonus[i][2] = 10;
-    }
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/refine_db.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/refine_db.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    i = 0;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[16];
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        if (atoi (line) <= 0)
-            continue;
-        memset (split, 0, sizeof (split));
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 16 && p; j++)
-        {
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        refinebonus[i][0] = atoi (split[0]);    // 精錬ボーナス
-        refinebonus[i][1] = atoi (split[1]);    // �剰精錬ボーナス
-        refinebonus[i][2] = atoi (split[2]);    // 安全精錬�界
-        for (j = 0; j < 10 && split[j]; j++)
-            percentrefinery[i][j] = atoi (split[j + 3]);
-        i++;
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);               //Lupus. close this file!!!
-    printf ("read db/refine_db.txt done\n");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int pc_calc_sigma (void)
-{
-    int  i, j, k;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_PC_CLASS; i++)
-    {
-        memset (hp_sigma_val[i], 0, sizeof (hp_sigma_val[i]));
+        memset(hp_sigma_val_0, 0, sizeof(hp_sigma_val_0));
         for (k = 0, j = 2; j <= MAX_LEVEL; j++)
         {
-            k += hp_coefficient[i] * j + 50;
+            k += hp_coefficient_0 * j + 50;
             k -= k % 100;
-            hp_sigma_val[i][j - 1] = k;
+            hp_sigma_val_0[j - 1] = k;
         }
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void pc_statpointdb (void)
-{
-    char *buf_stat;
-    int  i = 0, j = 0, k = 0, l = 0, end = 0;
-
-    FILE *stp;
-
-    stp = fopen_ ("db/statpoint.txt", "r");
-
-    if (stp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/statpoint.txt\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    fseek (stp, 0, SEEK_END);
-    end = ftell (stp);
-    rewind (stp);
-
-    buf_stat = (char *) malloc (end + 1);
-    l = fread (buf_stat, 1, end, stp);
-    fclose_ (stp);
-    printf ("read db/statpoint.txt done (size=%d)\n", l);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 255; i++)
-    {
-        j = 0;
-        while (*(buf_stat + k) != '\n')
-        {
-            statp[i][j] = *(buf_stat + k);
-            j++;
-            k++;
-        }
-        statp[i][j + 1] = '\0';
-        k++;
-    }
-
-    free (buf_stat);
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * pc関 係�期化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init_pc (void)
-{
-    pc_readdb ();
-    pc_statpointdb ();
-    pc_calc_sigma ();
-
-//  gm_account_db = numdb_init();
-
-    add_timer_interval ((natural_heal_prev_tick =
-                         gettick () + NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL), pc_natural_heal,
-                        0, 0, NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL);
-    add_timer (gettick () + autosave_interval, pc_autosave, 0, 0);
-
-    {
-        int  day_duration = battle_config.day_duration;
-        int  night_duration = battle_config.night_duration;
-        if (day_duration < 60000)
-            day_duration = 60000;
-        if (night_duration < 60000)
-            night_duration = 60000;
-        if (battle_config.night_at_start == 0)
-        {
-            night_flag = 0;     // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
-            day_timer_tid =
-                add_timer_interval (gettick () + day_duration +
-                                    night_duration, map_day_timer, 0, 0,
-                                    day_duration + night_duration);
-            night_timer_tid =
-                add_timer_interval (gettick () + day_duration,
-                                    map_night_timer, 0, 0,
-                                    day_duration + night_duration);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            night_flag = 1;     // 0=day, 1=night [Yor]
-            day_timer_tid =
-                add_timer_interval (gettick () + night_duration,
-                                    map_day_timer, 0, 0,
-                                    day_duration + night_duration);
-            night_timer_tid =
-                add_timer_interval (gettick () + day_duration +
-                                    night_duration, map_night_timer, 0, 0,
-                                    day_duration + night_duration);
-        }
-    }
+int do_init_pc(void)
+{
+    pc_calc_sigma();
+    natural_heal_prev_tick = gettick() + NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL;
+    Timer(natural_heal_prev_tick,
+            pc_natural_heal,
+            NATURAL_HEAL_INTERVAL
+    ).detach();
+    Timer(gettick() + autosave_interval,
+            pc_autosave
+    ).detach();
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void pc_cleanup (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void pc_cleanup(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    magic_stop_completely (sd);
+    magic_stop_completely(sd);
 }
 
-void pc_invisibility (struct map_session_data *sd, int enabled)
+void pc_invisibility(struct map_session_data *sd, int enabled)
 {
-    if (enabled && !(sd->status.option & OPTION_INVISIBILITY))
+    if (enabled && !bool(sd->status.option & Option::INVISIBILITY))
     {
-        clif_clearchar_area (&sd->bl, 3);
-        sd->status.option |= OPTION_INVISIBILITY;
-        clif_status_change (&sd->bl, CLIF_OPTION_SC_INVISIBILITY, 1);
+        clif_clearchar(&sd->bl, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
+        sd->status.option |= Option::INVISIBILITY;
+        clif_status_change(&sd->bl, StatusChange::CLIF_OPTION_SC_INVISIBILITY, 1);
     }
     else if (!enabled)
     {
-        sd->status.option &= ~OPTION_INVISIBILITY;
-        clif_status_change (&sd->bl, CLIF_OPTION_SC_INVISIBILITY, 0);
-        pc_setpos (sd, map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, 3);
+        sd->status.option &= ~Option::INVISIBILITY;
+        clif_status_change(&sd->bl, StatusChange::CLIF_OPTION_SC_INVISIBILITY, 0);
+        pc_setpos(sd, map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
     }
 }
 
-int pc_logout (struct map_session_data *sd) // [fate] Player logs out
+int pc_logout(struct map_session_data *sd) // [fate] Player logs out
 {
-    unsigned int tick = gettick ();
-
     if (!sd)
         return 0;
 
-    if (sd->sc_data[SC_POISON].timer != -1)
+    if (sd->sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer)
         sd->status.hp = 1;      // Logging out while poisoned -> bad
 
     /*
@@ -9037,12 +5494,13 @@ int pc_logout (struct map_session_data *sd) // [fate] Player logs out
     // Removed because it's buggy, see above.
     if (sd->cast_tick > tick)
     {
-        if (pc_setglobalreg (sd, "MAGIC_CAST_TICK", sd->cast_tick - tick))
+        if (pc_setglobalreg(sd, "MAGIC_CAST_TICK", sd->cast_tick - tick))
             sd->status.sp = 1;
     }
     else
 #endif
-        pc_setglobalreg (sd, "MAGIC_CAST_TICK", 0);
+        pc_setglobalreg(sd, "MAGIC_CAST_TICK", 0);
 
-    MAP_LOG_STATS (sd, "LOGOUT") return 0;
+    MAP_LOG_STATS(sd, "LOGOUT");
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/pc.hpp b/src/map/pc.hpp
index cc433b8..baf1487 100644
--- a/src/map/pc.hpp
+++ b/src/map/pc.hpp
@@ -1,209 +1,159 @@
-// $Id: pc.h,v 1.4 2004/09/25 05:32:18 MouseJstr Exp $
-
 #ifndef PC_HPP
 #define PC_HPP
 
+#include "pc.t.hpp"
+
+#include "clif.t.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 
-#define OPTION_MASK 0xd7b8
-#define CART_MASK 0x788
-
-#define pc_setdead(sd) ((sd)->state.dead_sit = 1)
-#define pc_setsit(sd) ((sd)->state.dead_sit = 2)
-//#define pc_setstand(sd) ((sd)->state.dead_sit = 0)
-#define pc_isdead(sd) ((sd)->state.dead_sit == 1)
-#define pc_issit(sd) ((sd)->state.dead_sit == 2)
-#define pc_setdir(sd,b) ((sd)->dir = (b))
-#define pc_setchatid(sd,n) ((sd)->chatID = n)
-#define pc_ishiding(sd) ((sd)->status.option&0x4006)
-#define pc_iscarton(sd) ((sd)->status.option&CART_MASK)
-#define pc_isfalcon(sd) ((sd)->status.option&0x0010)
-#define pc_isriding(sd) ((sd)->status.option&0x0020)
-#define pc_isinvisible(sd) ((sd)->status.option&0x0040)
-#define pc_is50overweight(sd) (sd->weight*2 >= sd->max_weight)
-#define pc_is90overweight(sd) (sd->weight*10 >= sd->max_weight*9)
-
-void pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs (struct map_session_data *sd);  /* Checks all npcs/warps at the same location to see whether they
-                                                                 ** should do something with the specified player. */
-
-int  pc_isGM (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_iskiller (struct map_session_data *src, struct map_session_data *target);   // [MouseJstr]
-int  pc_getrefinebonus (int lv, int type);
-
-void pc_invisibility (struct map_session_data *sd, int enabled);    // [Fate]
-int  pc_counttargeted (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *src,
-                       int target_lv);
-int  pc_setrestartvalue (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-int  pc_makesavestatus (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_setnewpc (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int, int, int, int);
-int  pc_authok (int, int, time_t, short tmw_version, struct mmo_charstatus *);
-int  pc_authfail (int);
-
-int  pc_isequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int n);
-int  pc_equippoint (struct map_session_data *sd, int n);
-
-int  pc_breakweapon (struct map_session_data *sd);  // weapon breaking [Valaris]
-int  pc_breakarmor (struct map_session_data *sd);   // armor breaking [Valaris]
-
-int  pc_checkskill (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id);
-int  pc_checkallowskill (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_checkequip (struct map_session_data *sd, int pos);
-
-int  pc_checkoverhp (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_checkoversp (struct map_session_data *);
-
-int  pc_can_reach (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_walktoxy (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_stop_walking (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_movepos (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_setpos (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int, int);
-int  pc_setsavepoint (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int);
-int  pc_randomwarp (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-int  pc_memo (struct map_session_data *sd, int i);
-
-int  pc_checkadditem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_inventoryblank (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_search_inventory (struct map_session_data *sd, int item_id);
-int  pc_payzeny (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_additem (struct map_session_data *, struct item *, int);
-int  pc_getzeny (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_delitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);
-int  pc_checkitem (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_count_all_items (struct map_session_data *player, int item_id);
-int  pc_remove_items (struct map_session_data *player, int item_id,
-                      int count);
-
-int  pc_cart_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item_data,
-                      int amount);
-int  pc_cart_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, int n, int amount,
-                      int type);
-int  pc_putitemtocart (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int amount);
-int  pc_getitemfromcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int amount);
-int  pc_cartitem_amount (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx, int amount);
-
-int  pc_takeitem (struct map_session_data *, struct flooritem_data *);
-int  pc_dropitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-
-int  pc_checkweighticon (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  pc_calcstatus (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_bonus (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_bonus2 (struct map_session_data *sd, int, int, int);
-int  pc_bonus3 (struct map_session_data *sd, int, int, int, int);
-int  pc_skill (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);
-
-int  pc_insert_card (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx_card,
-                     int idx_equip);
-
-int  pc_item_identify (struct map_session_data *sd, int idx);
-int  pc_steal_item (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl);
-int  pc_steal_coin (struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *bl);
-
-int  pc_modifybuyvalue (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_modifysellvalue (struct map_session_data *, int);
-
-int  pc_attack (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_stopattack (struct map_session_data *);
-
-int  pc_follow (struct map_session_data *, int);    // [MouseJstr]
-
-int  pc_checkbaselevelup (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_checkjoblevelup (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_gainexp (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-
-#define PC_GAINEXP_REASON_KILLING	0
-#define PC_GAINEXP_REASON_HEALING	1
-#define PC_GAINEXP_REASON_SCRIPT	2
-int  pc_gainexp_reason (struct map_session_data *, int, int, int reason);
-int  pc_extract_healer_exp (struct map_session_data *, int max);    // [Fate] Used by healers: extract healer-xp from the target, return result (up to max)
-
-int  pc_nextbaseexp (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_nextbaseafter (struct map_session_data *);  // [Valaris]
-int  pc_nextjobexp (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_nextjobafter (struct map_session_data *);   // [Valaris]
-int  pc_need_status_point (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_statusup (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_statusup2 (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_skillup (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_allskillup (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_resetlvl (struct map_session_data *, int type);
-int  pc_resetstate (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_resetskill (struct map_session_data *);
-int  pc_equipitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_unequipitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_unequipinvyitem (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_useitem (struct map_session_data *, int);
-
-int  pc_damage (struct block_list *, struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_heal (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_itemheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp);
-int  pc_percentheal (struct map_session_data *sd, int, int);
-int  pc_jobchange (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_setoption (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_setcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-int  pc_setfalcon (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_setriding (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_changelook (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_equiplookall (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-int  pc_readparam (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_setparam (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-int  pc_readreg (struct map_session_data *, int);
-int  pc_setreg (struct map_session_data *, int, int);
-char *pc_readregstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg);
-int  pc_setregstr (struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, const char *str);
-int  pc_readglobalreg (struct map_session_data *, const char *);
-int  pc_setglobalreg (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);
-int  pc_readaccountreg (struct map_session_data *, const char *);
-int  pc_setaccountreg (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);
-int  pc_readaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *, const char *);
-int  pc_setaccountreg2 (struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);
-int  pc_percentrefinery (struct map_session_data *sd, struct item *item);
-
-int  pc_addeventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd, int tick,
-                       const char *name);
-int  pc_deleventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name);
-int  pc_cleareventtimer (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_addeventtimercount (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *name,
-                            int tick);
-
-int  pc_calc_pvprank (struct map_session_data *sd);
-void pc_calc_pvprank_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-
-int  pc_ismarried (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_marriage (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                  struct map_session_data *dstsd);
-int  pc_divorce (struct map_session_data *sd);
-struct map_session_data *pc_get_partner (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_set_gm_level (int account_id, int level);
-void pc_setstand (struct map_session_data *sd);
-void pc_cleanup (struct map_session_data *sd);  // [Fate] Clean up after a logged-out PC
-
-struct pc_base_job
+inline
+void pc_setsit(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    int  job;                   //�業����転生�や養���場��元��業を返�(廃プリ→プリ)
-    int  type;                  //ノビ 0, 一次� 1, 二次� 2, スパノビ 3
-    int  upper;                 //通常 0, 転生 1, 養� 2
-};
-
-struct pc_base_job pc_calc_base_job (int b_class);  //転生や養���元��業を返�
-
-int  pc_read_gm_account (int fd);
-int  pc_setinvincibletimer (struct map_session_data *sd, int);
-int  pc_delinvincibletimer (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  pc_addspiritball (struct map_session_data *sd, int, int);
-int  pc_delspiritball (struct map_session_data *sd, int, int);
-int  pc_logout (struct map_session_data *sd);   // [fate] Player logs out
-
-int  do_init_pc (void);
-
-enum
-{ ADDITEM_EXIST, ADDITEM_NEW, ADDITEM_OVERAMOUNT };
-
-// timer for night.day
-extern timer_id day_timer_tid;
-extern timer_id night_timer_tid;
-void map_day_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);   // by [yor]
-void map_night_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t); // by [yor]
-
-#endif
+    sd->state.dead_sit = 2;
+}
+//pc_setstand(struct map_session_data *sd) is a normal function
+inline
+bool pc_isdead(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+    return sd->state.dead_sit == 1;
+}
+inline
+bool pc_issit(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+    return sd->state.dead_sit == 2;
+}
+inline
+void pc_setdir(struct map_session_data *sd, DIR b)
+{
+    sd->dir = (b);
+}
+inline
+void pc_setchatid(struct map_session_data *sd, int n)
+{
+    sd->chatID = n;
+}
+inline
+bool pc_isinvisible(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+    return bool(sd->status.option & Option::HIDE);
+}
+inline
+bool pc_is90overweight(struct map_session_data *sd)
+{
+    return sd->weight*10 >= sd->max_weight*9;
+}
+
+// Checks all npcs/warps at the same location to see whether they
+// should do something with the specified player.
+void pc_touch_all_relevant_npcs(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int pc_isGM(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int pc_iskiller(struct map_session_data *src, struct map_session_data *target);   // [MouseJstr]
+
+void pc_invisibility(struct map_session_data *sd, int enabled);    // [Fate]
+int pc_counttargeted(struct map_session_data *sd, struct block_list *src,
+        ATK target_lv);
+int pc_setrestartvalue(struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
+int pc_makesavestatus(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_setnewpc(struct map_session_data *, int, int, int, tick_t, int);
+int pc_authok(int, int, TimeT, short tmw_version, const struct mmo_charstatus *);
+int pc_authfail(int);
+
+EPOS pc_equippoint(struct map_session_data *sd, int n);
+
+int pc_checkskill(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id);
+int pc_checkequip(struct map_session_data *sd, EPOS pos);
+
+int pc_walktoxy(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+int pc_stop_walking(struct map_session_data *, int);
+int pc_movepos(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+int pc_setpos(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int, BeingRemoveWhy);
+int pc_setsavepoint(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int, int);
+int pc_randomwarp(struct map_session_data *sd, BeingRemoveWhy type);
+
+ADDITEM pc_checkadditem(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+int pc_inventoryblank(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_search_inventory(struct map_session_data *sd, int item_id);
+int pc_payzeny(struct map_session_data *, int);
+PickupFail pc_additem(struct map_session_data *, struct item *, int);
+int pc_getzeny(struct map_session_data *, int);
+int pc_delitem(struct map_session_data *, int, int, int);
+int pc_checkitem(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_count_all_items(struct map_session_data *player, int item_id);
+int pc_remove_items(struct map_session_data *player,
+        int item_id, int count);
+
+int pc_takeitem(struct map_session_data *, struct flooritem_data *);
+int pc_dropitem(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+
+int pc_checkweighticon(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int pc_calcstatus(struct map_session_data *, int);
+int pc_bonus(struct map_session_data *, SP, int);
+int pc_bonus2(struct map_session_data *sd, SP, int, int);
+int pc_skill(struct map_session_data *, SkillID, int, int);
+
+int pc_attack(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+int pc_stopattack(struct map_session_data *);
+
+int pc_gainexp_reason(struct map_session_data *, int, int,
+        PC_GAINEXP_REASON reason);
+int pc_extract_healer_exp(struct map_session_data *, int max);    // [Fate] Used by healers: extract healer-xp from the target, return result (up to max)
+
+int pc_nextbaseexp(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_nextjobexp(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_need_status_point(struct map_session_data *, SP);
+int pc_statusup(struct map_session_data *, SP);
+int pc_statusup2(struct map_session_data *, SP, int);
+int pc_skillup(struct map_session_data *, SkillID);
+int pc_resetlvl(struct map_session_data *, int type);
+int pc_resetstate(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_resetskill(struct map_session_data *);
+int pc_equipitem(struct map_session_data *, int, EPOS);
+int pc_unequipitem(struct map_session_data *, int, CalcStatus);
+int pc_unequipinvyitem(struct map_session_data *, int, CalcStatus);
+int pc_useitem(struct map_session_data *, int);
+
+int pc_damage(struct block_list *, struct map_session_data *, int);
+int pc_heal(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+int pc_itemheal(struct map_session_data *sd, int hp, int sp);
+int pc_percentheal(struct map_session_data *sd, int, int);
+int pc_setoption(struct map_session_data *, Option);
+int pc_changelook(struct map_session_data *, LOOK, int);
+
+int pc_readparam(struct map_session_data *, SP);
+int pc_setparam(struct map_session_data *, SP, int);
+int pc_readreg(struct map_session_data *, int);
+int pc_setreg(struct map_session_data *, int, int);
+char *pc_readregstr(struct map_session_data *sd, int reg);
+int pc_setregstr(struct map_session_data *sd, int reg, const char *str);
+int pc_readglobalreg(struct map_session_data *, const char *);
+int pc_setglobalreg(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);
+int pc_readaccountreg(struct map_session_data *, const char *);
+int pc_setaccountreg(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);
+int pc_readaccountreg2(struct map_session_data *, const char *);
+int pc_setaccountreg2(struct map_session_data *, const char *, int);
+
+int pc_addeventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd, interval_t tick,
+        const char *name);
+int pc_cleareventtimer(struct map_session_data *sd);
+
+int pc_calc_pvprank(struct map_session_data *sd);
+void pc_calc_pvprank_timer(TimerData *, tick_t, int);
+
+int pc_marriage(struct map_session_data *sd,
+        struct map_session_data *dstsd);
+int pc_divorce(struct map_session_data *sd);
+struct map_session_data *pc_get_partner(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int pc_set_gm_level(int account_id, int level);
+void pc_setstand(struct map_session_data *sd);
+void pc_cleanup(struct map_session_data *sd);  // [Fate] Clean up after a logged-out PC
+
+int pc_read_gm_account(int fd);
+int pc_setinvincibletimer(struct map_session_data *sd, interval_t);
+int pc_delinvincibletimer(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int pc_logout(struct map_session_data *sd);   // [fate] Player logs out
+
+int do_init_pc(void);
+
+#endif // PC_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/pc.t.hpp b/src/map/pc.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feffd89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/pc.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef PC_T_HPP
+#define PC_T_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+enum class PC_GAINEXP_REASON
+{
+    KILLING = 0,
+    HEALING = 1,
+    SCRIPT  = 2,
+    SHARING = 3,
+
+    UNKNOWN,
+    COUNT,
+};
+
+enum class ADDITEM
+{
+    EXIST,
+    NEW,
+    OVERAMOUNT,
+
+    // when used as error in nullpo_retr
+    ZERO = 0,
+};
+
+enum class CalcStatus
+{
+    NOW,
+    LATER ,
+};
+
+enum class PickupFail : uint8_t
+{
+    OKAY        = 0,
+    BAD_ITEM    = 1,
+    TOO_HEAVY   = 2,
+    TOO_FAR     = 3,
+    INV_FULL    = 4,
+    STACK_FULL  = 5,
+    DROP_STEAL  = 6,
+};
+
+#endif // PC_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/script.cpp b/src/map/script.cpp
index fac5ad5..b5e2aca 100644
--- a/src/map/script.cpp
+++ b/src/map/script.cpp
@@ -1,751 +1,143 @@
-// $Id: script.c 148 2004-09-30 14:05:37Z MouseJstr $
-//#define DEBUG_FUNCIN
-//#define DEBUG_DISP
-//#define DEBUG_RUN
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-#ifndef LCCWIN32
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#endif
-
-#include <time.h>
-#include <math.h>
+#include "script.hpp"
 
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
 
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/db.hpp"
+#include "../common/extract.hpp"
+#include "../common/lock.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils.hpp"
 #include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/lock.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
 
 #include "atcommand.hpp"
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "chat.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "../common/db.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include "../common/lock.hpp"
+#include "magic.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "mob.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
 #include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
 #include "skill.hpp"
 #include "storage.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#define SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+//#define DEBUG_FUNCIN
+//#define DEBUG_DISP
+//#define DEBUG_RUN
+
+constexpr int SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE = 256;
 enum
 { LABEL_NEXTLINE = 1, LABEL_START };
-static ScriptCode *script_buf;
-static int script_pos, script_size;
+static
+ScriptCode *script_buf;
+static
+int script_pos, script_size;
 
+static
 char *str_buf;
-int  str_pos, str_size;
-static struct str_data_t
+static
+int str_pos, str_size;
+static
+struct str_data_t
 {
     ScriptCode type;
-    int  str;
-    int  backpatch;
-    int  label;
-    int  (*func) (struct script_state *);
-    int  val;
-    int  next;
+    int str;
+    int backpatch;
+    int label;
+    void(*func)(ScriptState *);
+    int val;
+    int next;
 }   *str_data;
-int  str_num = LABEL_START, str_data_size;
-int  str_hash[16];
+static
+int str_num = LABEL_START, str_data_size;
+static
+int str_hash[16];
 
-static struct dbt *mapreg_db = NULL;
-static struct dbt *mapregstr_db = NULL;
-static int mapreg_dirty = -1;
+static
+DMap<int, int> mapreg_db;
+static
+DMap<int, char *> mapregstr_db;
+static
+int mapreg_dirty = -1;
 char mapreg_txt[256] = "save/mapreg.txt";
-#define MAPREG_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL	(10*1000)
-
-static struct dbt *scriptlabel_db = NULL;
-static struct dbt *userfunc_db = NULL;
+constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds MAPREG_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL = std::chrono::seconds(10);
 
-struct dbt *script_get_label_db (void)
-{
-    return scriptlabel_db;
-}
-
-struct dbt *script_get_userfunc_db (void)
-{
-    if (!userfunc_db)
-        userfunc_db = strdb_init (50);
-    return userfunc_db;
-}
+Map<std::string, int> scriptlabel_db;
+DMap<std::string, const ScriptCode *> userfunc_db;
 
-static char pos[11][100] =
-    { "頭", "体", "左手", "�手", "ローブ", "�", "アクセサリー1",
-    "アクセサリー2", "頭2", "頭3", "装������"
+static
+const char *pos[11] =
+{
+    "Head",
+    "Body",
+    "Left hand",
+    "Right hand",
+    "Robe",
+    "Shoes",
+    "Accessory 1",
+    "Accessory 2",
+    "Head 2",
+    "Head 3",
+    "Not Equipped",
 };
 
-static struct Script_Config
-{
-    int  warn_func_no_comma;
-    int  warn_cmd_no_comma;
-    int  warn_func_mismatch_paramnum;
-    int  warn_cmd_mismatch_paramnum;
-    int  check_cmdcount;
-    int  check_gotocount;
+static
+struct Script_Config
+{
+    int warn_func_no_comma;
+    int warn_cmd_no_comma;
+    int warn_func_mismatch_paramnum;
+    int warn_cmd_mismatch_paramnum;
+    int check_cmdcount;
+    int check_gotocount;
 } script_config;
-static int parse_cmd_if = 0;
-static int parse_cmd;
+static
+int parse_cmd_if = 0;
+static
+int parse_cmd;
 
 /*==========================================
  * ローカルプロトタイプ宣言 (必��物��)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-const char *parse_subexpr (const char *, int);
-int  buildin_mes (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_goto (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_callsub (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_callfunc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_return (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getarg (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_next (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_close (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_close2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_menu (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_rand (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_pow (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_warp (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_isat (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_areawarp (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_heal (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_itemheal (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_percentheal (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_jobchange (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_input (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setlook (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_set (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setarray (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_cleararray (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_copyarray (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getarraysize (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_deletearray (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getelementofarray (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_if (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getitem2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_makeitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_delitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_viewpoint (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_countitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_checkweight (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_readparam (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getcharid (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getpartyname (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getpartymember (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getguildname (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getguildmaster (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getguildmasterid (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_strcharinfo (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequipid (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequipname (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getbrokenid (struct script_state *st); // [Valaris]
-int  buildin_repair (struct script_state *st);  // [Valaris]
-int  buildin_getequipisequiped (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequipisenableref (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequipisidentify (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequiprefinerycnt (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequipweaponlv (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequippercentrefinery (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_successrefitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_failedrefitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_cutin (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_cutincard (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_statusup (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_statusup2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_bonus (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_bonus2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_bonus3 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_skill (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setskill (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_guildskill (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getskilllv (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getgdskilllv (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_basicskillcheck (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getgmlevel (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_end (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getopt2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setopt2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_checkoption (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setoption (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setcart (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_checkcart (struct script_state *st);   // check cart [Valaris]
-int  buildin_setfalcon (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_checkfalcon (struct script_state *st); // check falcon [Valaris]
-int  buildin_setriding (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_checkriding (struct script_state *st); // check for pecopeco [Valaris]
-int  buildin_savepoint (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_gettimetick (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_gettime (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_gettimestr (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_openstorage (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_guildopenstorage (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_itemskill (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_monster (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_areamonster (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_killmonster (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_killmonsterall (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_doevent (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_donpcevent (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_addtimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_deltimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_addtimercount (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_initnpctimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_stopnpctimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_startnpctimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setnpctimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getnpctimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_announce (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_mapannounce (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_areaannounce (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getusers (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getmapusers (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getareausers (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getareadropitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_enablenpc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_disablenpc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_enablearena (struct script_state *st); // Added by RoVeRT
-int  buildin_disablearena (struct script_state *st);    // Added by RoVeRT
-int  buildin_hideoffnpc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_hideonnpc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_sc_start (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_sc_start2 (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_sc_end (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_sc_check (struct script_state *st);    // [Fate]
-int  buildin_getscrate (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_debugmes (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_resetlvl (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_resetstatus (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_resetskill (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_changebase (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_changesex (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_waitingroom (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_delwaitingroom (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_enablewaitingroomevent (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_disablewaitingroomevent (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getwaitingroomstate (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_warpwaitingpc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_attachrid (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_detachrid (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_isloggedin (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setmapflagnosave (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setmapflag (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_removemapflag (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_pvpon (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_pvpoff (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_gvgon (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_gvgoff (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_emotion (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_maprespawnguildid (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_agitstart (struct script_state *st);   // <Agit>
-int  buildin_agitend (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_agitcheck (struct script_state *st);   // <Agitcheck>
-int  buildin_flagemblem (struct script_state *st);  // Flag Emblem
-int  buildin_getcastlename (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getcastledata (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_setcastledata (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_requestguildinfo (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getequipcardcnt (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_successremovecards (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_failedremovecards (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_marriage (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_wedding_effect (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_divorce (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getitemname (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getspellinvocation (struct script_state *st);  // [Fate]
-int  buildin_getanchorinvocation (struct script_state *st); // [Fate]
-int  buildin_getexp (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getinventorylist (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_getskilllist (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_get_pool_skills (struct script_state *st); // [fate]
-int  buildin_get_activated_pool_skills (struct script_state *st);   // [fate]
-int  buildin_get_unactivated_pool_skills (struct script_state *st);   // [PO]
-int  buildin_activate_pool_skill (struct script_state *st); // [fate]
-int  buildin_deactivate_pool_skill (struct script_state *st);   // [fate]
-int  buildin_check_pool_skill (struct script_state *st);    // [fate]
-int  buildin_clearitem (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_classchange (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_misceffect (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_soundeffect (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_mapwarp (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_inittimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_stoptimer (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_cmdothernpc (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_mobcount (struct script_state *st);
-int  buildin_strmobinfo (struct script_state *st);  // Script for displaying mob info [Valaris]
-int  buildin_guardian (struct script_state *st);    // Script for displaying mob info [Valaris]
-int  buildin_guardianinfo (struct script_state *st);    // Script for displaying mob info [Valaris]
-int  buildin_npcskilleffect (struct script_state *st);  // skill effects for npcs [Valaris]
-int  buildin_specialeffect (struct script_state *st);   // special effect script [Valaris]
-int  buildin_specialeffect2 (struct script_state *st);  // special effect script [Valaris]
-int  buildin_nude (struct script_state *st);    // nude [Valaris]
-int  buildin_gmcommand (struct script_state *st);   // [MouseJstr]
-int  buildin_movenpc (struct script_state *st); // [MouseJstr]
-int  buildin_npcwarp (struct script_state *st); // [remoitnane]
-int  buildin_message (struct script_state *st); // [MouseJstr]
-int  buildin_npctalk (struct script_state *st); // [Valaris]
-int  buildin_hasitems (struct script_state *st);    // [Valaris]
-int  buildin_getlook (struct script_state *st); //Lorky [Lupus]
-int  buildin_getsavepoint (struct script_state *st);    //Lorky [Lupus]
-int  buildin_getpartnerid (struct script_state *st);    // [Fate]
-int  buildin_areatimer (struct script_state *st);   // [Jaxad0127]
-int  buildin_isin (struct script_state *st);    // [Jaxad0127]
-int  buildin_shop (struct script_state *st);    // [MadCamel]
-int  buildin_isdead (struct script_state *st);  // [Jaxad0127]
-int  buildin_fakenpcname (struct script_state *st); //[Kage]
-int  buildin_unequip_by_id (struct script_state *st);   // [Freeyorp]
-int  buildin_getx (struct script_state *st);  // [Kage]
-int  buildin_gety (struct script_state *st);  // [Kage]
-
-
-void push_val (struct script_stack *stack, int type, int val);
-int  run_func (struct script_state *st);
-
-int  mapreg_setreg (int num, int val);
-int  mapreg_setregstr (int num, const char *str);
-
-struct
-{
-    int  (*func) (struct script_state *);
+static
+const char *parse_subexpr(const char *, int);
+
+static
+void run_func(ScriptState *st);
+
+static
+void mapreg_setreg(int num, int val);
+static
+void mapreg_setregstr(int num, const char *str);
+
+struct BuiltinFunction
+{
+    void(*func)(ScriptState *);
     const char *name;
     const char *arg;
-} buildin_func[] =
-{
-    {
-    buildin_mes, "mes", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_next, "next", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_close, "close", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_close2, "close2", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_menu, "menu", "sL*"},
-    {
-    buildin_goto, "goto", "L"},
-    {
-    buildin_callsub, "callsub", "L*"},
-    {
-    buildin_callfunc, "callfunc", "F*"},
-    {
-    buildin_return, "return", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getarg, "getarg", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_jobchange, "jobchange", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_input, "input", "N"},
-    {
-    buildin_warp, "warp", "Mxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_isat, "isat", "Mxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_areawarp, "areawarp", "MxyxyMxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_setlook, "setlook", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_set, "set", "Ne"},
-    {
-    buildin_setarray, "setarray", "Ne*"},
-    {
-    buildin_cleararray, "cleararray", "Nei"},
-    {
-    buildin_copyarray, "copyarray", "NNi"},
-    {
-    buildin_getarraysize, "getarraysize", "N"},
-    {
-    buildin_deletearray, "deletearray", "N*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getelementofarray, "getelementofarray", "Ni"},
-    {
-    buildin_if, "if", "iF*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getitem, "getitem", "Ii**"},
-    {
-    buildin_getitem2, "getitem2", "iiiiiiiii*"},
-    {
-    buildin_makeitem, "makeitem", "IiMxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_delitem, "delitem", "Ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_cutin, "cutin", "si"},
-    {
-    buildin_cutincard, "cutincard", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_viewpoint, "viewpoint", "iiiii"},
-    {
-    buildin_heal, "heal", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_itemheal, "itemheal", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_percentheal, "percentheal", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_rand, "rand", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_pow, "pow", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_countitem, "countitem", "I"},
-    {
-    buildin_checkweight, "checkweight", "Ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_readparam, "readparam", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getcharid, "getcharid", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getpartyname, "getpartyname", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getpartymember, "getpartymember", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getguildname, "getguildname", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getguildmaster, "getguildmaster", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getguildmasterid, "getguildmasterid", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_strcharinfo, "strcharinfo", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequipid, "getequipid", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequipname, "getequipname", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getbrokenid, "getbrokenid", "i"},   // [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_repair, "repair", "i"}, // [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_getequipisequiped, "getequipisequiped", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequipisenableref, "getequipisenableref", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequipisidentify, "getequipisidentify", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequiprefinerycnt, "getequiprefinerycnt", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequipweaponlv, "getequipweaponlv", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequippercentrefinery, "getequippercentrefinery", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_successrefitem, "successrefitem", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_failedrefitem, "failedrefitem", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_statusup, "statusup", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_statusup2, "statusup2", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_bonus, "bonus", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_bonus2, "bonus2", "iii"},
-    {
-    buildin_bonus3, "bonus3", "iiii"},
-    {
-    buildin_skill, "skill", "ii*"},
-    {
-    buildin_setskill, "setskill", "ii"},    // [Fate]
-    {
-    buildin_guildskill, "guildskill", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_getskilllv, "getskilllv", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getgdskilllv, "getgdskilllv", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_basicskillcheck, "basicskillcheck", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getgmlevel, "getgmlevel", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_end, "end", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_getopt2, "getopt2", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_setopt2, "setopt2", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_end, "break", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_checkoption, "checkoption", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_setoption, "setoption", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_setcart, "setcart", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_checkcart, "checkcart", "*"},   //fixed by Lupus (added '*')
-    {
-    buildin_setfalcon, "setfalcon", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_checkfalcon, "checkfalcon", "*"},   //fixed by Lupus (fixed wrong pointer, added '*')
-    {
-    buildin_setriding, "setriding", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_checkriding, "checkriding", "*"},   //fixed by Lupus (fixed wrong pointer, added '*')
-    {
-    buildin_savepoint, "save", "sii"},
-    {
-    buildin_savepoint, "savepoint", "Mxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_gettimetick, "gettimetick", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_gettime, "gettime", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_gettimestr, "gettimestr", "si"},
-    {
-    buildin_openstorage, "openstorage", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_guildopenstorage, "guildopenstorage", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_itemskill, "itemskill", "iis"},
-    {
-    buildin_monster, "monster", "Mxysmi*"},
-    {
-    buildin_areamonster, "areamonster", "Mxyxysmi*"},
-    {
-    buildin_killmonster, "killmonster", "ME"},
-    {
-    buildin_killmonsterall, "killmonsterall", "M"},
-    {
-    buildin_doevent, "doevent", "E"},
-    {
-    buildin_donpcevent, "donpcevent", "E"},
-    {
-    buildin_addtimer, "addtimer", "tE"},
-    {
-    buildin_deltimer, "deltimer", "E"},
-    {
-    buildin_addtimercount, "addtimercount", "si"},
-    {
-    buildin_initnpctimer, "initnpctimer", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_stopnpctimer, "stopnpctimer", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_startnpctimer, "startnpctimer", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_setnpctimer, "setnpctimer", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getnpctimer, "getnpctimer", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_announce, "announce", "si"},
-    {
-    buildin_mapannounce, "mapannounce", "Msi"},
-    {
-    buildin_areaannounce, "areaannounce", "Mxyxysi"},
-    {
-    buildin_getusers, "getusers", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getmapusers, "getmapusers", "M"},
-    {
-    buildin_getareausers, "getareausers", "Mxyxy*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getareadropitem, "getareadropitem", "Mxyxyi*"},
-    {
-    buildin_enablenpc, "enablenpc", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_disablenpc, "disablenpc", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_enablearena, "enablearena", ""},    // Added by RoVeRT
-    {
-    buildin_disablearena, "disablearena", ""},  // Added by RoVeRT
-    {
-    buildin_hideoffnpc, "hideoffnpc", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_hideonnpc, "hideonnpc", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_sc_start, "sc_start", "iTi*"},
-    {
-    buildin_sc_start2, "sc_start2", "iTii*"},
-    {
-    buildin_sc_end, "sc_end", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_sc_check, "sc_check", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getscrate, "getscrate", "ii*"},
-    {
-    buildin_debugmes, "debugmes", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_resetlvl, "resetlvl", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_resetstatus, "resetstatus", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_resetskill, "resetskill", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_changebase, "changebase", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_changesex, "changesex", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_waitingroom, "waitingroom", "si*"},
-    {
-    buildin_warpwaitingpc, "warpwaitingpc", "sii"},
-    {
-    buildin_delwaitingroom, "delwaitingroom", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_enablewaitingroomevent, "enablewaitingroomevent", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_disablewaitingroomevent, "disablewaitingroomevent", "*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getwaitingroomstate, "getwaitingroomstate", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_warpwaitingpc, "warpwaitingpc", "sii*"},
-    {
-    buildin_attachrid, "attachrid", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_detachrid, "detachrid", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_isloggedin, "isloggedin", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_setmapflagnosave, "setmapflagnosave", "MMxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_setmapflag, "setmapflag", "Mi"},
-    {
-    buildin_removemapflag, "removemapflag", "Mi"},
-    {
-    buildin_pvpon, "pvpon", "M"},
-    {
-    buildin_pvpoff, "pvpoff", "M"},
-    {
-    buildin_gvgon, "gvgon", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_gvgoff, "gvgoff", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_emotion, "emotion", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_maprespawnguildid, "maprespawnguildid", "sii"},
-    {
-    buildin_agitstart, "agitstart", ""},    // <Agit>
-    {
-    buildin_agitend, "agitend", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_agitcheck, "agitcheck", "i"},   // <Agitcheck>
-    {
-    buildin_flagemblem, "flagemblem", "i"}, // Flag Emblem
-    {
-    buildin_getcastlename, "getcastlename", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_getcastledata, "getcastledata", "si*"},
-    {
-    buildin_setcastledata, "setcastledata", "sii"},
-    {
-    buildin_requestguildinfo, "requestguildinfo", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_getequipcardcnt, "getequipcardcnt", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_successremovecards, "successremovecards", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_failedremovecards, "failedremovecards", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_marriage, "marriage", "P"},
-    {
-    buildin_wedding_effect, "wedding", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_divorce, "divorce", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_getitemname, "getitemname", "I"},
-    {
-    buildin_getspellinvocation, "getspellinvocation", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_getanchorinvocation, "getanchorinvocation", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_getpartnerid, "getpartnerid2", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_getexp, "getexp", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_getinventorylist, "getinventorylist", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_getskilllist, "getskilllist", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_get_pool_skills, "getpoolskilllist", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_get_activated_pool_skills, "getactivatedpoolskilllist", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_get_unactivated_pool_skills, "getunactivatedpoolskilllist", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_activate_pool_skill, "poolskill", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_deactivate_pool_skill, "unpoolskill", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_check_pool_skill, "checkpoolskill", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_clearitem, "clearitem", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_classchange, "classchange", "ii"},
-    {
-    buildin_misceffect, "misceffect", "i*"},
-    {
-    buildin_soundeffect, "soundeffect", "si"},
-    {
-    buildin_strmobinfo, "strmobinfo", "im"},    // display mob data [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_guardian, "guardian", "siisii*i"},  // summon guardians
-    {
-    buildin_guardianinfo, "guardianinfo", "i"}, // display guardian data [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_npcskilleffect, "npcskilleffect", "iiii"},  // npc skill effect [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_specialeffect, "specialeffect", "i"},   // npc skill effect [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_specialeffect2, "specialeffect2", "i"}, // skill effect on players[Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_nude, "nude", ""},  // nude command [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_mapwarp, "mapwarp", "MMxy"},    // Added by RoVeRT
-    {
-    buildin_inittimer, "inittimer", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_stoptimer, "stoptimer", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_cmdothernpc, "cmdothernpc", "ss"},
-    {
-    buildin_gmcommand, "gmcommand", "s"},   // [MouseJstr]
-//  {buildin_movenpc,"movenpc","siis"}, // [MouseJstr]
-    {
-    buildin_npcwarp, "npcwarp", "xys"}, // [remoitnane]
-    {
-    buildin_message, "message", "Ps"},  // [MouseJstr]
-    {
-    buildin_npctalk, "npctalk", "s"},   // [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_hasitems, "hasitems", ""}, // [Valaris]
-    {
-    buildin_mobcount, "mobcount", "ME"},
-    {
-    buildin_getlook, "getlook", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_getsavepoint, "getsavepoint", "i"},
-    {
-    buildin_areatimer, "areatimer", "MxyxytE"},
-    {
-    buildin_isin, "isin", "Mxyxy"},
-    {
-    buildin_shop, "shop", "s"},
-    {
-    buildin_isdead, "isdead", ""},
-    {
-    buildin_fakenpcname, "fakenpcname", "ssi"},
-    {
-    buildin_unequip_by_id, "unequipbyid", "i"}, // [Freeyorp]
-    {
-    buildin_getx, "getx", ""}, // [Kage]
-    {
-    buildin_gety, "gety", ""}, // [Kage]
-        // End Additions
-    {
-NULL, NULL, NULL},};
+};
+// defined later
+extern BuiltinFunction builtin_functions[];
+
 
-#ifdef RECENT_GCC
 enum class ScriptCode : uint8_t
 {
-    // tyoes and specials
+    // types and specials
     NOP, POS, INT, PARAM, FUNC, STR, CONSTSTR, ARG,
     NAME, EOL, RETINFO,
 
@@ -754,16 +146,16 @@ enum class ScriptCode : uint8_t
     XOR, OR, AND, ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOD, NEG, LNOT,
     NOT, R_SHIFT, L_SHIFT
 };
-#endif
 
 /*==========================================
  * 文字列��ッシュを計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int calc_hash (const char *s)
+static
+int calc_hash(const char *s)
 {
     const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)s;
-    int  h = 0;
+    int h = 0;
     while (*p)
     {
         h = (h << 1) + (h >> 3) + (h >> 5) + (h >> 8);
@@ -777,13 +169,14 @@ static int calc_hash (const char *s)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 // 既存���れ�番��無�れ�-1
-static int search_str (const char *p)
+static
+int search_str(const char *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    i = str_hash[calc_hash (p)];
+    int i;
+    i = str_hash[calc_hash(p)];
     while (i)
     {
-        if (strcmp (str_buf + str_data[i].str, p) == 0)
+        if (strcmp(str_buf + str_data[i].str, p) == 0)
         {
             return i;
         }
@@ -797,22 +190,24 @@ static int search_str (const char *p)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 // 既存���れ�番��無�れ�登録��新�番�
-static int add_str (const char *p)
+static
+int add_str(const char *p)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     char *lowcase;
 
-    lowcase = strdup (p);
+    // TODO remove lowcase
+    lowcase = strdup(p);
     for (i = 0; lowcase[i]; i++)
-        lowcase[i] = tolower (lowcase[i]);
-    if ((i = search_str (lowcase)) >= 0)
+        lowcase[i] = tolower(lowcase[i]);
+    if ((i = search_str(lowcase)) >= 0)
     {
-        free (lowcase);
+        free(lowcase);
         return i;
     }
-    free (lowcase);
+    free(lowcase);
 
-    i = calc_hash (p);
+    i = calc_hash(p);
     if (str_hash[i] == 0)
     {
         str_hash[i] = str_num;
@@ -822,7 +217,7 @@ static int add_str (const char *p)
         i = str_hash[i];
         for (;;)
         {
-            if (strcmp (str_buf + str_data[i].str, p) == 0)
+            if (strcmp(str_buf + str_data[i].str, p) == 0)
             {
                 return i;
             }
@@ -835,23 +230,23 @@ static int add_str (const char *p)
     if (str_num >= str_data_size)
     {
         str_data_size += 128;
-        RECREATE (str_data, struct str_data_t, str_data_size);
-        memset (str_data + (str_data_size - 128), '\0', 128);
+        RECREATE(str_data, struct str_data_t, str_data_size);
+        memset(str_data + (str_data_size - 128), '\0', 128);
     }
-    while (str_pos + strlen (p) + 1 >= str_size)
+    while (str_pos + strlen(p) + 1 >= str_size)
     {
         str_size += 256;
-        str_buf = (char *) realloc (str_buf, str_size);
-        memset (str_buf + (str_size - 256), '\0', 256);
+        str_buf = (char *) realloc(str_buf, str_size);
+        memset(str_buf + (str_size - 256), '\0', 256);
     }
-    strcpy (str_buf + str_pos, p);
+    strcpy(str_buf + str_pos, p);
     str_data[str_num].type = ScriptCode::NOP;
     str_data[str_num].str = str_pos;
     str_data[str_num].next = 0;
     str_data[str_num].func = NULL;
     str_data[str_num].backpatch = -1;
     str_data[str_num].label = -1;
-    str_pos += strlen (p) + 1;
+    str_pos += strlen(p) + 1;
     return str_num++;
 }
 
@@ -859,13 +254,14 @@ static int add_str (const char *p)
  * スクリプト�ッファサイズ�確��拡張
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void check_script_buf (int size)
+static
+void check_script_buf(int size)
 {
     if (script_pos + size >= script_size)
     {
         script_size += SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE;
-        script_buf = (ScriptCode *) realloc (script_buf, script_size);
-        memset (script_buf + script_size - SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE, '\0',
+        script_buf = (ScriptCode *) realloc(script_buf, script_size);
+        memset(script_buf + script_size - SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE, '\0',
                 SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE);
     }
 }
@@ -875,9 +271,9 @@ static void check_script_buf (int size)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void add_scriptc (ScriptCode a)
+void add_scriptc(ScriptCode a)
 {
-    check_script_buf (1);
+    check_script_buf(1);
     script_buf[script_pos++] = a;
 }
 
@@ -886,7 +282,7 @@ void add_scriptc (ScriptCode a)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void add_scriptb (uint8_t a)
+void add_scriptb(uint8_t a)
 {
     add_scriptc(static_cast<ScriptCode>(a));
 }
@@ -895,14 +291,15 @@ void add_scriptb (uint8_t a)
  * スクリプト�ッファ�整数を書�込む
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void add_scripti (unsigned int a)
+static
+void add_scripti(unsigned int a)
 {
     while (a >= 0x40)
     {
-        add_scriptb (a | 0xc0);
+        add_scriptb(a | 0xc0);
         a = (a - 0x40) >> 6;
     }
-    add_scriptb (a | 0x80);
+    add_scriptb(a | 0x80);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -910,35 +307,36 @@ static void add_scripti (unsigned int a)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 // 最大16M��
-static void add_scriptl (int l)
+static
+void add_scriptl(int l)
 {
-    int  backpatch = str_data[l].backpatch;
+    int backpatch = str_data[l].backpatch;
 
     switch (str_data[l].type)
     {
         case ScriptCode::POS:
-            add_scriptc (ScriptCode::POS);
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(str_data[l].label)});
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(str_data[l].label >> 8)});
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(str_data[l].label >> 16)});
+            add_scriptc(ScriptCode::POS);
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(str_data[l].label)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(str_data[l].label >> 8)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(str_data[l].label >> 16)});
             break;
         case ScriptCode::NOP:
             // ラベル��能性��る��backpatch用データ埋�込�
-            add_scriptc (ScriptCode::NAME);
+            add_scriptc(ScriptCode::NAME);
             str_data[l].backpatch = script_pos;
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(backpatch)});
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(backpatch >> 8)});
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(backpatch >> 16)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(backpatch)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(backpatch >> 8)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(backpatch >> 16)});
             break;
         case ScriptCode::INT:
-            add_scripti (str_data[l].val);
+            add_scripti(str_data[l].val);
             break;
         default:
             // も�他�用途�確定��る��数字を����
-            add_scriptc (ScriptCode::NAME);
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(l)});
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(l >> 8)});
-            add_scriptb ({uint8_t(l >> 16)});
+            add_scriptc(ScriptCode::NAME);
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(l)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(l >> 8)});
+            add_scriptb({uint8_t(l >> 16)});
             break;
     }
 }
@@ -948,15 +346,15 @@ static void add_scriptl (int l)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void set_label (int l, int pos_)
+void set_label(int l, int pos_)
 {
-    int  i, next;
+    int i, next;
 
     str_data[l].type = ScriptCode::POS;
     str_data[l].label = pos_;
     for (i = str_data[l].backpatch; i >= 0 && i != 0x00ffffff;)
     {
-        next = (*(int *) (script_buf + i)) & 0x00ffffff;
+        next = (*(int *)(script_buf + i)) & 0x00ffffff;
         script_buf[i - 1] = ScriptCode::POS;
         script_buf[i] = static_cast<ScriptCode>(pos_);
         script_buf[i + 1] = static_cast<ScriptCode>(pos_ >> 8);
@@ -969,11 +367,12 @@ void set_label (int l, int pos_)
  * スペース/コメント読�飛��
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static const char *skip_space (const char *p)
+static
+const char *skip_space(const char *p)
 {
     while (1)
     {
-        while (isspace (*p))
+        while (isspace(*p))
             p++;
         if (p[0] == '/' && p[1] == '/')
         {
@@ -999,7 +398,7 @@ static const char *skip_space (const char *p)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-const char *skip_word (const char *p)
+const char *skip_word(const char *p)
 {
     // prefix
     if (*p == '$')
@@ -1013,7 +412,7 @@ const char *skip_word (const char *p)
     if (*p == 'l')
         p++;                    // 一時的変数用(like weiss)
 
-    while (isalnum (*p) || *p == '_')
+    while (isalnum(*p) || *p == '_')
         p++;
 
     // postfix
@@ -1023,14 +422,17 @@ const char *skip_word (const char *p)
     return p;
 }
 
-static const char *startptr;
-static int startline;
+static
+const char *startptr;
+static
+int startline;
 
 /*==========================================
  * エラーメッセージ出力
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void disp_error_message (const char *mes, const char *pos_)
+static
+void disp_error_message(const char *mes, const char *pos_)
 {
     int line;
     const char *p;
@@ -1038,8 +440,9 @@ static void disp_error_message (const char *mes, const char *pos_)
     for (line = startline, p = startptr; p && *p; line++)
     {
         const char *linestart = p;
-        char *lineend = const_cast<char *>(strchr (p, '\n'));
-        char c;
+        char *lineend = const_cast<char *>(strchr(p, '\n'));
+        // always initialized, but clang is not smart enough
+        char c = '\0';
         if (lineend)
         {
             c = *lineend;
@@ -1047,17 +450,17 @@ static void disp_error_message (const char *mes, const char *pos_)
         }
         if (lineend == NULL || pos_ < lineend)
         {
-            printf ("%s line %d : ", mes, line);
+            PRINTF("%s line %d : ", mes, line);
             for (int i = 0;
                  (linestart[i] != '\r') && (linestart[i] != '\n')
                  && linestart[i]; i++)
             {
                 if (linestart + i != pos_)
-                    printf ("%c", linestart[i]);
+                    PRINTF("%c", linestart[i]);
                 else
-                    printf ("\'%c\'", linestart[i]);
+                    PRINTF("\'%c\'", linestart[i]);
             }
-            printf ("\a\n");
+            PRINTF("\a\n");
             if (lineend)
                 *lineend = c;
             return;
@@ -1072,41 +475,41 @@ static void disp_error_message (const char *mes, const char *pos_)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-const char *parse_simpleexpr (const char *p)
+const char *parse_simpleexpr(const char *p)
 {
-    int  i;
-    p = skip_space (p);
+    int i;
+    p = skip_space(p);
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_FUNCIN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("parse_simpleexpr %s\n", p);
+        PRINTF("parse_simpleexpr %s\n", p);
 #endif
     if (*p == ';' || *p == ',')
     {
-        disp_error_message ("unexpected expr end", p);
-        exit (1);
+        disp_error_message("unexpected expr end", p);
+        exit(1);
     }
     if (*p == '(')
     {
 
-        p = parse_subexpr (p + 1, -1);
-        p = skip_space (p);
+        p = parse_subexpr(p + 1, -1);
+        p = skip_space(p);
         if ((*p++) != ')')
         {
-            disp_error_message ("unmatch ')'", p);
-            exit (1);
+            disp_error_message("unmatch ')'", p);
+            exit(1);
         }
     }
-    else if (isdigit (*p) || ((*p == '-' || *p == '+') && isdigit (p[1])))
+    else if (isdigit(*p) || ((*p == '-' || *p == '+') && isdigit(p[1])))
     {
         char *np;
-        i = strtoul (p, &np, 0);
-        add_scripti (i);
+        i = strtoul(p, &np, 0);
+        add_scripti(i);
         p = np;
     }
     else if (*p == '"')
     {
-        add_scriptc (ScriptCode::STR);
+        add_scriptc(ScriptCode::STR);
         p++;
         while (*p && *p != '"')
         {
@@ -1114,44 +517,44 @@ const char *parse_simpleexpr (const char *p)
                 p++;
             else if (*p == '\n')
             {
-                disp_error_message ("unexpected newline @ string", p);
-                exit (1);
+                disp_error_message("unexpected newline @ string", p);
+                exit(1);
             }
-            add_scriptb (*p++);
+            add_scriptb(*p++);
         }
         if (!*p)
         {
-            disp_error_message ("unexpected eof @ string", p);
-            exit (1);
+            disp_error_message("unexpected eof @ string", p);
+            exit(1);
         }
-        add_scriptb (0);
+        add_scriptb(0);
         p++;                    //'"'
     }
     else
     {
         int l;
         // label , register , function etc
-        if (skip_word (p) == p)
+        if (skip_word(p) == p)
         {
-            disp_error_message ("unexpected character", p);
-            exit (1);
+            disp_error_message("unexpected character", p);
+            exit(1);
         }
         char *p2 = const_cast<char *>(skip_word(p));
         char c = *p2;
         *p2 = 0;                // ��をadd_str�る
-        l = add_str (p);
+        l = add_str(p);
 
         parse_cmd = l;          // warn_*_mismatch_paramnum����必�
-        if (l == search_str ("if")) // warn_cmd_no_comma����必�
+        if (l == search_str("if")) // warn_cmd_no_comma����必�
             parse_cmd_if++;
 /*
-		// 廃止予定�l14/l15,�よ�プレフィックスｌ�警告
-		if(	strcmp(str_buf+str_data[l].str,"l14")==0 ||
-			strcmp(str_buf+str_data[l].str,"l15")==0 ){
-			disp_error_message("l14 and l15 is DEPRECATED. use @menu instead of l15.",p);
-		}else if(str_buf[str_data[l].str]=='l'){
-			disp_error_message("prefix 'l' is DEPRECATED. use prefix '@' instead.",p2);
-		}
+                // 廃止予定�l14/l15,�よ�プレフィックスｌ�警告
+                if (    strcmp(str_buf+str_data[l].str,"l14")==0 ||
+                        strcmp(str_buf+str_data[l].str,"l15")==0 ){
+                        disp_error_message("l14 and l15 is DEPRECATED. use @menu instead of l15.",p);
+                }else if (str_buf[str_data[l].str]=='l'){
+                        disp_error_message("prefix 'l' is DEPRECATED. use prefix '@' instead.",p2);
+                }
 */
         *p2 = c;
         p = p2;
@@ -1159,26 +562,26 @@ const char *parse_simpleexpr (const char *p)
         if (str_data[l].type != ScriptCode::FUNC && c == '[')
         {
             // array(name[i] => getelementofarray(name,i) )
-            add_scriptl (search_str ("getelementofarray"));
-            add_scriptc (ScriptCode::ARG);
-            add_scriptl (l);
-            p = parse_subexpr (p + 1, -1);
-            p = skip_space (p);
+            add_scriptl(search_str("getelementofarray"));
+            add_scriptc(ScriptCode::ARG);
+            add_scriptl(l);
+            p = parse_subexpr(p + 1, -1);
+            p = skip_space(p);
             if ((*p++) != ']')
             {
-                disp_error_message ("unmatch ']'", p);
-                exit (1);
+                disp_error_message("unmatch ']'", p);
+                exit(1);
             }
-            add_scriptc (ScriptCode::FUNC);
+            add_scriptc(ScriptCode::FUNC);
         }
         else
-            add_scriptl (l);
+            add_scriptl(l);
 
     }
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_FUNCIN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("parse_simpleexpr end %s\n", p);
+        PRINTF("parse_simpleexpr end %s\n", p);
 #endif
     return p;
 }
@@ -1187,23 +590,23 @@ const char *parse_simpleexpr (const char *p)
  * ��解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-const char *parse_subexpr (const char *p, int limit)
+const char *parse_subexpr(const char *p, int limit)
 {
     ScriptCode op;
     int opl, len;
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_FUNCIN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("parse_subexpr %s\n", p);
+        PRINTF("parse_subexpr %s\n", p);
 #endif
-    p = skip_space (p);
+    p = skip_space(p);
 
     if (*p == '-')
     {
-        const char *tmpp = skip_space (p + 1);
+        const char *tmpp = skip_space(p + 1);
         if (*tmpp == ';' || *tmpp == ',')
         {
-            add_scriptl (LABEL_NEXTLINE);
+            add_scriptl(LABEL_NEXTLINE);
             p++;
             return p;
         }
@@ -1212,12 +615,12 @@ const char *parse_subexpr (const char *p, int limit)
     if ((op = ScriptCode::NEG, *p == '-') || (op = ScriptCode::LNOT, *p == '!')
         || (op = ScriptCode::NOT, *p == '~'))
     {
-        p = parse_subexpr (p + 1, 100);
-        add_scriptc (op);
+        p = parse_subexpr(p + 1, 100);
+        add_scriptc(op);
     }
     else
-        p = parse_simpleexpr (p);
-    p = skip_space (p);
+        p = parse_simpleexpr(p);
+    p = skip_space(p);
     while (((op = ScriptCode::ADD, opl = 6, len = 1, *p == '+') ||
             (op = ScriptCode::SUB, opl = 6, len = 1, *p == '-') ||
             (op = ScriptCode::MUL, opl = 7, len = 1, *p == '*') ||
@@ -1241,63 +644,63 @@ const char *parse_subexpr (const char *p, int limit)
         p += len;
         if (op == ScriptCode::FUNC)
         {
-            int  i = 0, func = parse_cmd;
+            int i = 0, func = parse_cmd;
             const char *plist[128];
 
             if (str_data[func].type != ScriptCode::FUNC)
             {
-                disp_error_message ("expect function", tmpp);
-                exit (0);
+                disp_error_message("expect function", tmpp);
+                exit(0);
             }
 
-            add_scriptc (ScriptCode::ARG);
+            add_scriptc(ScriptCode::ARG);
             while (*p && *p != ')' && i < 128)
             {
                 plist[i] = p;
-                p = parse_subexpr (p, -1);
-                p = skip_space (p);
+                p = parse_subexpr(p, -1);
+                p = skip_space(p);
                 if (*p == ',')
                     p++;
                 else if (*p != ')' && script_config.warn_func_no_comma)
                 {
-                    disp_error_message ("expect ',' or ')' at func params",
+                    disp_error_message("expect ',' or ')' at func params",
                                         p);
                 }
-                p = skip_space (p);
+                p = skip_space(p);
                 i++;
             }
             plist[i] = p;
             if (*(p++) != ')')
             {
-                disp_error_message ("func request '(' ')'", p);
-                exit (1);
+                disp_error_message("func request '(' ')'", p);
+                exit(1);
             }
 
             if (str_data[func].type == ScriptCode::FUNC
                 && script_config.warn_func_mismatch_paramnum)
             {
-                const char *arg = buildin_func[str_data[func].val].arg;
-                int  j = 0;
+                const char *arg = builtin_functions[str_data[func].val].arg;
+                int j = 0;
                 for (j = 0; arg[j]; j++)
                     if (arg[j] == '*')
                         break;
                 if ((arg[j] == 0 && i != j) || (arg[j] == '*' && i < j))
                 {
-                    disp_error_message ("illegal number of parameters",
+                    disp_error_message("illegal number of parameters",
                                         plist[(i < j) ? i : j]);
                 }
             }
         }
         else // not op == ScriptCode::FUNC
         {
-            p = parse_subexpr (p, opl);
+            p = parse_subexpr(p, opl);
         }
-        add_scriptc (op);
-        p = skip_space (p);
+        add_scriptc(op);
+        p = skip_space(p);
     }
 #ifdef DEBUG_FUNCIN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("parse_subexpr end %s\n", p);
+        PRINTF("parse_subexpr end %s\n", p);
 #endif
     return p;                   /* return first untreated operator */
 }
@@ -1307,11 +710,11 @@ const char *parse_subexpr (const char *p, int limit)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-const char *parse_expr (const char *p)
+const char *parse_expr(const char *p)
 {
 #ifdef DEBUG_FUNCIN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("parse_expr %s\n", p);
+        PRINTF("parse_expr %s\n", p);
 #endif
     switch (*p)
     {
@@ -1321,13 +724,13 @@ const char *parse_expr (const char *p)
         case '[':
         case ']':
         case '}':
-            disp_error_message ("unexpected char", p);
-            exit (1);
+            disp_error_message("unexpected char", p);
+            exit(1);
     }
-    p = parse_subexpr (p, -1);
+    p = parse_subexpr(p, -1);
 #ifdef DEBUG_FUNCIN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
-        printf ("parse_expr end %s\n", p);
+        PRINTF("parse_expr end %s\n", p);
 #endif
     return p;
 }
@@ -1337,12 +740,12 @@ const char *parse_expr (const char *p)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-const char *parse_line (const char *p)
+const char *parse_line(const char *p)
 {
-    int  i = 0, cmd;
+    int i = 0, cmd;
     const char *plist[128];
 
-    p = skip_space (p);
+    p = skip_space(p);
     if (*p == ';')
         return p;
 
@@ -1350,53 +753,53 @@ const char *parse_line (const char *p)
 
     // 最��関数�
     const char *p2 = p;
-    p = parse_simpleexpr (p);
-    p = skip_space (p);
+    p = parse_simpleexpr(p);
+    p = skip_space(p);
 
     cmd = parse_cmd;
     if (str_data[cmd].type != ScriptCode::FUNC)
     {
-        disp_error_message ("expect command", p2);
+        disp_error_message("expect command", p2);
 //      exit(0);
     }
 
-    add_scriptc (ScriptCode::ARG);
+    add_scriptc(ScriptCode::ARG);
     while (p && *p && *p != ';' && i < 128)
     {
         plist[i] = p;
 
-        p = parse_expr (p);
-        p = skip_space (p);
+        p = parse_expr(p);
+        p = skip_space(p);
         // 引数区切り�,処�
         if (*p == ',')
             p++;
         else if (*p != ';' && script_config.warn_cmd_no_comma
                  && parse_cmd_if * 2 <= i)
         {
-            disp_error_message ("expect ',' or ';' at cmd params", p);
+            disp_error_message("expect ',' or ';' at cmd params", p);
         }
-        p = skip_space (p);
+        p = skip_space(p);
         i++;
     }
     plist[i] = p;
     if (!p || *(p++) != ';')
     {
-        disp_error_message ("need ';'", p);
-        exit (1);
+        disp_error_message("need ';'", p);
+        exit(1);
     }
-    add_scriptc (ScriptCode::FUNC);
+    add_scriptc(ScriptCode::FUNC);
 
     if (str_data[cmd].type == ScriptCode::FUNC
         && script_config.warn_cmd_mismatch_paramnum)
     {
-        const char *arg = buildin_func[str_data[cmd].val].arg;
-        int  j = 0;
+        const char *arg = builtin_functions[str_data[cmd].val].arg;
+        int j = 0;
         for (j = 0; arg[j]; j++)
             if (arg[j] == '*')
                 break;
         if ((arg[j] == 0 && i != j) || (arg[j] == '*' && i < j))
         {
-            disp_error_message ("illegal number of parameters",
+            disp_error_message("illegal number of parameters",
                                 plist[(i < j) ? i : j]);
         }
     }
@@ -1408,15 +811,16 @@ const char *parse_line (const char *p)
  * 組�込�関数�追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void add_buildin_func (void)
+static
+void add_builtin_functions(void)
 {
-    int  i, n;
-    for (i = 0; buildin_func[i].func; i++)
+    int i, n;
+    for (i = 0; builtin_functions[i].func; i++)
     {
-        n = add_str (buildin_func[i].name);
+        n = add_str(builtin_functions[i].name);
         str_data[n].type = ScriptCode::FUNC;
         str_data[n].val = i;
-        str_data[n].func = buildin_func[i].func;
+        str_data[n].func = builtin_functions[i].func;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1424,56 +828,59 @@ static void add_buildin_func (void)
  * 定数データベース�読�込�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void read_constdb (void)
+static
+void read_constdb(void)
 {
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024], name[1024];
-    int  val, n, i, type;
-
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/const.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
+    std::ifstream in("db/const.txt");
+    if (!in.is_open())
     {
-        printf ("can't read db/const.txt\n");
+        PRINTF("can't read db/const.txt\n");
         return;
     }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
     {
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
             continue;
-        type = 0;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%[A-Za-z0-9_],%d,%d", name, &val, &type) >= 2 ||
-            sscanf (line, "%[A-Za-z0-9_] %d %d", name, &val, &type) >= 2)
-        {
-            for (i = 0; name[i]; i++)
-                name[i] = tolower (name[i]);
-            n = add_str (name);
-            if (type == 0)
-                str_data[n].type = ScriptCode::INT;
-            else
-                str_data[n].type = ScriptCode::PARAM;
-            str_data[n].val = val;
-        }
+
+        char *name = nullptr;
+        int val;
+        int type = 0; // if not provided
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat"
+        if (sscanf(line.c_str(), "%m[A-Za-z0-9_] %i %i", &name, &val, &type) < 2)
+            {
+                free(name);
+                continue;
+            }
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+        for (char *p = name; *p; ++p)
+            *p = tolower(*p);
+        int n = add_str(name);
+        free(name);
+        str_data[n].type = type ? ScriptCode::PARAM : ScriptCode::INT;
+        str_data[n].val = val;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * スクリプト�解�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-const ScriptCode *parse_script (const char *src, int line)
+const ScriptCode *parse_script(const char *src, int line)
 {
     const char *p;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     static int first = 1;
 
     if (first)
     {
-        add_buildin_func ();
-        read_constdb ();
+        add_builtin_functions();
+        read_constdb();
     }
     first = 0;
-    script_buf = (ScriptCode *) calloc (SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
+    script_buf = (ScriptCode *) calloc(SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE, 1);
     script_pos = 0;
     script_size = SCRIPT_BLOCK_SIZE;
     str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].type = ScriptCode::NOP;
@@ -1490,71 +897,70 @@ const ScriptCode *parse_script (const char *src, int line)
     }
 
     // 外部用label db��期化
-    if (scriptlabel_db != NULL)
-        strdb_final (scriptlabel_db, NULL);
-    scriptlabel_db = strdb_init (50);
+    scriptlabel_db.clear();
 
     // for error message
     startptr = src;
     startline = line;
 
     p = src;
-    p = skip_space (p);
+    p = skip_space(p);
     if (*p != '{')
     {
-        disp_error_message ("not found '{'", p);
+        disp_error_message("not found '{'", p);
         return NULL;
     }
     for (p++; p && *p && *p != '}';)
     {
-        p = skip_space (p);
+        p = skip_space(p);
         // label��特殊処�
-        if (*skip_space (skip_word (p)) == ':')
+        if (*skip_space(skip_word(p)) == ':')
         {
             char *tmpp = const_cast<char *>(skip_word(p));
             char c = *tmpp;
             *tmpp = '\0';
-            int l = add_str (p);
+            int l = add_str(p);
             if (str_data[l].label != -1)
             {
                 *tmpp = c;
-                disp_error_message ("dup label ", p);
-                exit (1);
+                disp_error_message("dup label ", p);
+                exit(1);
             }
-            set_label (l, script_pos);
-            strdb_insert (scriptlabel_db, (const char*)p, script_pos);   // 外部用label db登録
+            set_label(l, script_pos);
+            std::string str(p, skip_word(p));
+            scriptlabel_db.insert(str, script_pos);
             *tmpp = c;
             p = tmpp + 1;
             continue;
         }
 
         // 他�全部一緒��
-        p = parse_line (p);
-        p = skip_space (p);
-        add_scriptc (ScriptCode::EOL);
+        p = parse_line(p);
+        p = skip_space(p);
+        add_scriptc(ScriptCode::EOL);
 
-        set_label (LABEL_NEXTLINE, script_pos);
+        set_label(LABEL_NEXTLINE, script_pos);
         str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].type = ScriptCode::NOP;
         str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].backpatch = -1;
         str_data[LABEL_NEXTLINE].label = -1;
     }
 
-    add_scriptc (ScriptCode::NOP);
+    add_scriptc(ScriptCode::NOP);
 
     script_size = script_pos;
-    script_buf = (ScriptCode *) realloc (script_buf, script_pos + 1);
+    script_buf = (ScriptCode *) realloc(script_buf, script_pos + 1);
 
     // 未解決�ラベルを解決
     for (i = LABEL_START; i < str_num; i++)
     {
         if (str_data[i].type == ScriptCode::NOP)
         {
-            int  j, next;
+            int j, next;
             str_data[i].type = ScriptCode::NAME;
             str_data[i].label = i;
             for (j = str_data[i].backpatch; j >= 0 && j != 0x00ffffff;)
             {
-                next = (*(int *) (script_buf + j)) & 0x00ffffff;
+                next = (*(int *)(script_buf + j)) & 0x00ffffff;
                 script_buf[j] = static_cast<ScriptCode>(i);
                 script_buf[j + 1] = static_cast<ScriptCode>(i >> 8);
                 script_buf[j + 2] = static_cast<ScriptCode>(i >> 16);
@@ -1567,12 +973,12 @@ const ScriptCode *parse_script (const char *src, int line)
     for (i = 0; i < script_pos; i++)
     {
         if ((i & 15) == 0)
-            printf ("%04x : ", i);
-        printf ("%02x ", script_buf[i]);
+            PRINTF("%04x : ", i);
+        PRINTF("%02x ", script_buf[i]);
         if ((i & 15) == 15)
-            printf ("\n");
+            PRINTF("\n");
     }
-    printf ("\n");
+    PRINTF("\n");
 #endif
 
     return script_buf;
@@ -1589,12 +995,12 @@ enum
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-struct map_session_data *script_rid2sd (struct script_state *st)
+struct map_session_data *script_rid2sd(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (st->rid);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(st->rid);
     if (!sd)
     {
-        printf ("script_rid2sd: fatal error ! player not attached!\n");
+        PRINTF("script_rid2sd: fatal error ! player not attached!\n");
     }
     return sd;
 }
@@ -1604,19 +1010,19 @@ struct map_session_data *script_rid2sd (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int get_val (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
+void get_val(ScriptState *st, struct script_data *data)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::NAME)
     {
         char *name = str_buf + str_data[data->u.num & 0x00ffffff].str;
         char prefix = *name;
-        char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
+        char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
 
         if (prefix != '$')
         {
-            if ((sd = script_rid2sd (st)) == NULL)
-                printf ("get_val error name?:%s\n", name);
+            if ((sd = script_rid2sd(st)) == NULL)
+                PRINTF("get_val error name?:%s\n", name);
         }
         if (postfix == '$')
         {
@@ -1625,16 +1031,15 @@ int get_val (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
             if (prefix == '@' || prefix == 'l')
             {
                 if (sd)
-                    data->u.str = pc_readregstr (sd, data->u.num);
+                    data->u.str = pc_readregstr(sd, data->u.num);
             }
             else if (prefix == '$')
             {
-                data->u.str =
-                    (char *) numdb_search (mapregstr_db, data->u.num);
+                data->u.str = mapregstr_db.get(data->u.num);
             }
             else
             {
-                printf ("script: get_val: illegal scope string variable.\n");
+                PRINTF("script: get_val: illegal scope string variable.\n");
                 data->u.str = "!!ERROR!!";
             }
             if (data->u.str == NULL)
@@ -1647,45 +1052,45 @@ int get_val (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
             data->type = ScriptCode::INT;
             if (str_data[data->u.num & 0x00ffffff].type == ScriptCode::INT)
             {
+                // unreachable
                 data->u.num = str_data[data->u.num & 0x00ffffff].val;
             }
             else if (str_data[data->u.num & 0x00ffffff].type == ScriptCode::PARAM)
             {
                 if (sd)
                     data->u.num =
-                        pc_readparam (sd,
-                                      str_data[data->u.num & 0x00ffffff].val);
+                        pc_readparam(sd,
+                                      SP(str_data[data->u.num & 0x00ffffff].val));
             }
             else if (prefix == '@' || prefix == 'l')
             {
                 if (sd)
-                    data->u.num = pc_readreg (sd, data->u.num);
+                    data->u.num = pc_readreg(sd, data->u.num);
             }
             else if (prefix == '$')
             {
-                data->u.num = (int) numdb_search (mapreg_db, data->u.num);
+                data->u.num = mapreg_db.get(data->u.num);
             }
             else if (prefix == '#')
             {
                 if (name[1] == '#')
                 {
                     if (sd)
-                        data->u.num = pc_readaccountreg2 (sd, name);
+                        data->u.num = pc_readaccountreg2(sd, name);
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     if (sd)
-                        data->u.num = pc_readaccountreg (sd, name);
+                        data->u.num = pc_readaccountreg(sd, name);
                 }
             }
             else
             {
                 if (sd)
-                    data->u.num = pc_readglobalreg (sd, name);
+                    data->u.num = pc_readglobalreg(sd, name);
             }
         }
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1693,12 +1098,12 @@ int get_val (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-struct script_data get_val2 (struct script_state *st, int num)
+struct script_data get_val2(ScriptState *st, int num)
 {
     struct script_data dat;
     dat.type = ScriptCode::NAME;
     dat.u.num = num;
-    get_val (st, &dat);
+    get_val(st, &dat);
     return dat;
 }
 
@@ -1707,25 +1112,25 @@ struct script_data get_val2 (struct script_state *st, int num)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int set_reg (struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, struct script_data vd)
+void set_reg(struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, struct script_data vd)
 {
     char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
+    char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
 
     if (postfix == '$')
     {
         const char *str = vd.u.str;
         if (prefix == '@' || prefix == 'l')
         {
-            pc_setregstr (sd, num, str);
+            pc_setregstr(sd, num, str);
         }
         else if (prefix == '$')
         {
-            mapreg_setregstr (num, str);
+            mapreg_setregstr(num, str);
         }
         else
         {
-            printf ("script: set_reg: illegal scope string variable !");
+            PRINTF("script: set_reg: illegal scope string variable !");
         }
     }
     else
@@ -1734,45 +1139,44 @@ int set_reg (struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, struct scri
         int val = vd.u.num;
         if (str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].type == ScriptCode::PARAM)
         {
-            pc_setparam (sd, str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].val, val);
+            pc_setparam(sd, SP(str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].val), val);
         }
         else if (prefix == '@' || prefix == 'l')
         {
-            pc_setreg (sd, num, val);
+            pc_setreg(sd, num, val);
         }
         else if (prefix == '$')
         {
-            mapreg_setreg (num, val);
+            mapreg_setreg(num, val);
         }
         else if (prefix == '#')
         {
             if (name[1] == '#')
-                pc_setaccountreg2 (sd, name, val);
+                pc_setaccountreg2(sd, name, val);
             else
-                pc_setaccountreg (sd, name, val);
+                pc_setaccountreg(sd, name, val);
         }
         else
         {
-            pc_setglobalreg (sd, name, val);
+            pc_setglobalreg(sd, name, val);
         }
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int set_reg (struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, int id)
+void set_reg(struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, int id)
 {
     struct script_data vd;
     vd.u.num = id;
-    return set_reg(sd, num, name, vd);
+    set_reg(sd, num, name, vd);
 }
 
 static
-int set_reg (struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, const char *zd)
+void set_reg(struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, const char *zd)
 {
     struct script_data vd;
     vd.u.str = zd;
-    return set_reg(sd, num, name, vd);
+    set_reg(sd, num, name, vd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -1780,25 +1184,26 @@ int set_reg (struct map_session_data *sd, int num, const char *name, const char
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-const char *conv_str (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
+const char *conv_str(ScriptState *st, struct script_data *data)
 {
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
+    assert (data->type != ScriptCode::RETINFO);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::INT)
     {
         char *buf;
-        buf = (char *) calloc (16, 1);
-        sprintf (buf, "%d", data->u.num);
+        buf = (char *) calloc(16, 1);
+        sprintf(buf, "%d", data->u.num);
         data->type = ScriptCode::STR;
         data->u.str = buf;
-#if 1
     }
+#if 1
     else if (data->type == ScriptCode::NAME)
     {
         // テン�ラリ。本�無���
         data->type = ScriptCode::CONSTSTR;
         data->u.str = str_buf + str_data[data->u.num].str;
-#endif
     }
+#endif
     return data->u.str;
 }
 
@@ -1807,13 +1212,14 @@ const char *conv_str (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int conv_num (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
+int conv_num(ScriptState *st, struct script_data *data)
 {
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
+    assert (data->type != ScriptCode::RETINFO);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
         const char *p = data->u.str;
-        data->u.num = atoi (p);
+        data->u.num = atoi(p);
         if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR)
             free(const_cast<char *>(p));
         data->type = ScriptCode::INT;
@@ -1821,46 +1227,79 @@ int conv_num (struct script_state *st, struct script_data *data)
     return data->u.num;
 }
 
+static
+const ScriptCode *conv_script(ScriptState *st, struct script_data *data)
+{
+    get_val(st, data);
+    assert (data->type == ScriptCode::RETINFO);
+    return data->u.script;
+}
+
 /*==========================================
  * スタック�数値をプッシュ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void push_val (struct script_stack *stack, ScriptCode type, int val)
+static
+void push_val(struct script_stack *stack, ScriptCode type, int val)
 {
+    assert (type != ScriptCode::RETINFO);
+    assert (type != ScriptCode::STR);
+    assert (type != ScriptCode::CONSTSTR);
     if (stack->sp >= stack->sp_max)
     {
         stack->sp_max += 64;
         stack->stack_data = (struct script_data *)
-            realloc (stack->stack_data, sizeof (stack->stack_data[0]) *
+            realloc(stack->stack_data, sizeof(stack->stack_data[0]) *
                                         stack->sp_max);
-        memset (stack->stack_data + (stack->sp_max - 64), 0,
-                64 * sizeof (*(stack->stack_data)));
+        memset(stack->stack_data + (stack->sp_max - 64), 0,
+                64 * sizeof(*(stack->stack_data)));
     }
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("push (%d,%d)-> %d\n",type,val,stack->sp);
+//      PRINTF("push (%d,%d)-> %d\n",type,val,stack->sp);
     stack->stack_data[stack->sp].type = type;
     stack->stack_data[stack->sp].u.num = val;
     stack->sp++;
 }
 
+static
+void push_script(struct script_stack *stack, ScriptCode type, const ScriptCode *code)
+{
+    assert (type == ScriptCode::RETINFO);
+    if (stack->sp >= stack->sp_max)
+    {
+        stack->sp_max += 64;
+        stack->stack_data = (struct script_data *)
+            realloc(stack->stack_data, sizeof(stack->stack_data[0]) *
+                                        stack->sp_max);
+        memset(stack->stack_data + (stack->sp_max - 64), 0,
+                64 * sizeof(*(stack->stack_data)));
+    }
+//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
+//      PRINTF("push (%d,%d)-> %d\n",type,val,stack->sp);
+    stack->stack_data[stack->sp].type = type;
+    stack->stack_data[stack->sp].u.script = code;
+    stack->sp++;
+}
+
 /*==========================================
  * スタック�文字列をプッシュ
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void push_str (struct script_stack *stack, ScriptCode type, const char *str)
+void push_str(struct script_stack *stack, ScriptCode type, const char *str)
 {
+    assert (type == ScriptCode::STR || type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR);
     if (stack->sp >= stack->sp_max)
     {
         stack->sp_max += 64;
         stack->stack_data = (struct script_data *)
-            realloc (stack->stack_data, sizeof (stack->stack_data[0]) *
+            realloc(stack->stack_data, sizeof(stack->stack_data[0]) *
                                         stack->sp_max);
-        memset (stack->stack_data + (stack->sp_max - 64), '\0',
-                64 * sizeof (*(stack->stack_data)));
+        memset(stack->stack_data + (stack->sp_max - 64), '\0',
+                64 * sizeof(*(stack->stack_data)));
     }
 //  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("push (%d,%x)-> %d\n",type,str,stack->sp);
+//      PRINTF("push (%d,%x)-> %d\n",type,str,stack->sp);
     stack->stack_data[stack->sp].type = type;
     stack->stack_data[stack->sp].u.str = str;
     stack->sp++;
@@ -1871,18 +1310,18 @@ void push_str (struct script_stack *stack, ScriptCode type, const char *str)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void push_copy (struct script_stack *stack, int pos_)
+void push_copy(struct script_stack *stack, int pos_)
 {
     switch (stack->stack_data[pos_].type)
     {
         case ScriptCode::CONSTSTR:
-            push_str (stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, stack->stack_data[pos_].u.str);
+            push_str(stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, stack->stack_data[pos_].u.str);
             break;
         case ScriptCode::STR:
-            push_str (stack, ScriptCode::STR, strdup (stack->stack_data[pos_].u.str));
+            push_str(stack, ScriptCode::STR, strdup(stack->stack_data[pos_].u.str));
             break;
         default:
-            push_val (stack, stack->stack_data[pos_].type,
+            push_val(stack, stack->stack_data[pos_].type,
                       stack->stack_data[pos_].u.num);
             break;
     }
@@ -1893,20 +1332,20 @@ void push_copy (struct script_stack *stack, int pos_)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void pop_stack (struct script_stack *stack, int start, int end)
+void pop_stack(struct script_stack *stack, int start, int end)
 {
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     for (i = start; i < end; i++)
     {
         if (stack->stack_data[i].type == ScriptCode::STR)
         {
-            free (const_cast<char *>(stack->stack_data[i].u.str));
+            free(const_cast<char *>(stack->stack_data[i].u.str));
         }
     }
     if (stack->sp > end)
     {
-        memmove (&stack->stack_data[start], &stack->stack_data[end],
-                 sizeof (stack->stack_data[0]) * (stack->sp - end));
+        memmove(&stack->stack_data[start], &stack->stack_data[end],
+                 sizeof(stack->stack_data[0]) * (stack->sp - end));
     }
     stack->sp -= end - start;
 }
@@ -1918,51 +1357,55 @@ void pop_stack (struct script_stack *stack, int start, int end)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_mes (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_mes(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    clif_scriptmes (script_rid2sd (st), st->oid,
+    conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    clif_scriptmes(script_rid2sd(st), st->oid,
                     st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.str);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_goto (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_goto(ScriptState *st)
 {
     if (st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].type != ScriptCode::POS)
     {
-        printf ("script: goto: not label !\n");
+        PRINTF("script: goto: not label !\n");
         st->state = END;
-        return 0;
+        return;
     }
 
-    st->pos = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    st->pos = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
     st->state = GOTO;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ユーザー定義関数�呼�出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_callfunc (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_callfunc(ScriptState *st)
 {
     const ScriptCode *scr;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
-    if ((scr = (const ScriptCode *)strdb_search (script_get_userfunc_db (), str)))
+    if ((scr = userfunc_db.get(str)))
     {
-        int  i, j;
-        for (i = st->start + 3, j = 0; i < st->end; i++, j++)
-            push_copy (st->stack, i);
+        int j = 0;
+        assert (st->start + 3 == st->end);
+#if 0
+        for (int i = st->start + 3; i < st->end; i++, j++)
+            push_copy(st->stack, i);
+#endif
 
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, j); // 引数�数をプッシュ
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, st->defsp); // �在�基準スタック�インタをプッシュ
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (int) st->script);  // �在�スクリプトをプッシュ
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::RETINFO, st->pos);   // �在�スクリプト�置をプッシュ
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, j); // 引数�数をプッシュ
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, st->defsp); // �在�基準スタック�インタをプッシュ
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, st->pos);   // �在�スクリプト�置をプッシュ
+        push_script(st->stack, ScriptCode::RETINFO, st->script);  // �在�スクリプトをプッシュ
 
         st->pos = 0;
         st->script = scr;
@@ -1971,125 +1414,103 @@ int buildin_callfunc (struct script_state *st)
     }
     else
     {
-        printf ("script:callfunc: function not found! [%s]\n", str);
+        PRINTF("script:callfunc: function not found! [%s]\n", str);
         st->state = END;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * サブルーティン�呼�出�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_callsub (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  pos_ = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  i, j;
-    for (i = st->start + 3, j = 0; i < st->end; i++, j++)
-        push_copy (st->stack, i);
+static
+void builtin_callsub(ScriptState *st)
+{
+    int pos_ = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    int j = 0;
+    assert (st->start + 3 == st->end);
+#if 0
+    for (int i = st->start + 3; i < st->end; i++, j++)
+        push_copy(st->stack, i);
+#endif
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, j); // 引数�数をプッシュ
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, st->defsp); // �在�基準スタック�インタをプッシュ
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (int) st->script);  // �在�スクリプトをプッシュ
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::RETINFO, st->pos);   // �在�スクリプト�置をプッシュ
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, j); // 引数�数をプッシュ
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, st->defsp); // �在�基準スタック�インタをプッシュ
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, st->pos);   // �在�スクリプト�置をプッシュ
+    push_script(st->stack, ScriptCode::RETINFO, st->script);  // �在�スクリプトをプッシュ
 
     st->pos = pos_;
     st->defsp = st->start + 4 + j;
     st->state = GOTO;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 引数�所得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getarg (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  max, stsp;
-    if (st->defsp < 4
-        || st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 1].type != ScriptCode::RETINFO)
-    {
-        printf ("script:getarg without callfunc or callsub!\n");
-        st->state = END;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    max = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 4]));
-    stsp = st->defsp - max - 4;
-    if (num >= max)
-    {
-        printf ("script:getarg arg1(%d) out of range(%d) !\n", num, max);
-        st->state = END;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    push_copy (st->stack, stsp + num);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * サブルー�ン/ユーザー定義関数�終了
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_return (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_return(ScriptState *st)
 {
+#if 0
     if (st->end > st->start + 2)
     {                           // 戻り値有り
-        push_copy (st->stack, st->start + 2);
+        push_copy(st->stack, st->start + 2);
     }
+#endif
     st->state = RETFUNC;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_next (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_next(ScriptState *st)
 {
     st->state = STOP;
-    clif_scriptnext (script_rid2sd (st), st->oid);
-    return 0;
+    clif_scriptnext(script_rid2sd(st), st->oid);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_close (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_close(ScriptState *st)
 {
     st->state = END;
-    clif_scriptclose (script_rid2sd (st), st->oid);
-    return 0;
+    clif_scriptclose(script_rid2sd(st), st->oid);
 }
 
-int buildin_close2 (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_close2(ScriptState *st)
 {
     st->state = STOP;
-    clif_scriptclose (script_rid2sd (st), st->oid);
-    return 0;
+    clif_scriptclose(script_rid2sd(st), st->oid);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_menu (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_menu(ScriptState *st)
 {
     char *buf;
-    int  i, len = 0;            // [fate] len is the total # of bytes we need to transmit the string choices
-    int  menu_choices = 0;
-    int  finished_menu_items = 0;   // [fate] set to 1 after we hit the first empty string
+    int i, len = 0;            // [fate] len is the total # of bytes we need to transmit the string choices
+    int menu_choices = 0;
+    int finished_menu_items = 0;   // [fate] set to 1 after we hit the first empty string
 
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     // We don't need to do this iteration if the player cancels, strictly speaking.
     for (i = st->start + 2; i < st->end; i += 2)
     {
-        int  choice_len;
-        conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[i]));
-        choice_len = strlen (st->stack->stack_data[i].u.str);
+        int choice_len;
+        conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[i]));
+        choice_len = strlen(st->stack->stack_data[i].u.str);
         len += choice_len + 1;  // count # of bytes we'll need for packet.  Only used if menu_or_input = 0.
 
         if (choice_len && !finished_menu_items)
@@ -2103,15 +1524,15 @@ int buildin_menu (struct script_state *st)
         st->state = RERUNLINE;
         sd->state.menu_or_input = 1;
 
-        buf = (char *) calloc (len + 1, 1);
+        buf = (char *) calloc(len + 1, 1);
         buf[0] = 0;
         for (i = st->start + 2; menu_choices > 0; i += 2, --menu_choices)
         {
-            strcat (buf, st->stack->stack_data[i].u.str);
-            strcat (buf, ":");
+            strcat(buf, st->stack->stack_data[i].u.str);
+            strcat(buf, ":");
         }
-        clif_scriptmenu (script_rid2sd (st), st->oid, buf);
-        free (buf);
+        clif_scriptmenu(script_rid2sd(st), st->oid, buf);
+        free(buf);
     }
     else if (sd->npc_menu == 0xff)
     {                           // cansel
@@ -2121,8 +1542,8 @@ int buildin_menu (struct script_state *st)
     else
     {                           // goto動作
         // ragemu互����
-        pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("l15"), sd->npc_menu);
-        pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@menu"), sd->npc_menu);
+        pc_setreg(sd, add_str("l15"), sd->npc_menu);
+        pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@menu"), sd->npc_menu);
         sd->state.menu_or_input = 0;
         if (sd->npc_menu > 0 && sd->npc_menu <= menu_choices)
         {
@@ -2130,121 +1551,112 @@ int buildin_menu (struct script_state *st)
                 stack_data[st->start + sd->npc_menu * 2 + 1].type != ScriptCode::POS)
             {
                 st->state = END;
-                return 0;
+                return;
             }
             st->pos =
-                conv_num (st,
+                conv_num(st,
                           &(st->
                             stack->stack_data[st->start + sd->npc_menu * 2 +
                                               1]));
             st->state = GOTO;
         }
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_rand (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_rand(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  range, min, max;
-
     if (st->end > st->start + 3)
     {
-        min = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-        max = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-        if (max < min)
-        {
-            int  tmp;
-            tmp = min;
-            min = max;
-            max = tmp;
-        }
-        range = max - min + 1;
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (range <= 0 ? 0 : MRAND (range)) + min);
+        int min = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+        int max = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+        if (min > max)
+            std::swap(max, min);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, random_::in(min, max));
     }
     else
     {
-        range = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, range <= 0 ? 0 : MRAND (range));
+        int range = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, range <= 0 ? 0 : random_::to(range));
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_pow (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_pow(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  a, b;
+    int a, b;
 
-    a = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    b = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    a = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    b = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (int) pow (a * 0.001, b));
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (int) pow(a * 0.001, b));
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Check whether the PC is at the specified location
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_isat (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_isat(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x, y;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    int x, y;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
 
     if (!sd)
-        return 1;
+        return;
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
               (x == sd->bl.x)
-              && (y == sd->bl.y) && (!strcmp (str, map[sd->bl.m].name)));
+              && (y == sd->bl.y) && (!strcmp(str, map[sd->bl.m].name)));
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_warp (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_warp(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x, y;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    int x, y;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    if (strcmp (str, "Random") == 0)
-        pc_randomwarp (sd, 3);
-    else if (strcmp (str, "SavePoint") == 0)
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    if (strcmp(str, "Random") == 0)
+        pc_randomwarp(sd, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
+    else if (strcmp(str, "SavePoint") == 0)
     {
         if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noreturn)    // ��止
-            return 0;
+            return;
 
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
-                   sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y, 3);
+        pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
+                   sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
     }
-    else if (strcmp (str, "Save") == 0)
+    else if (strcmp(str, "Save") == 0)
     {
         if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noreturn)    // ��止
-            return 0;
+            return;
 
-        pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
-                   sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y, 3);
+        pc_setpos(sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
+                   sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
     }
     else
-        pc_setpos (sd, str, x, y, 0);
-    return 0;
+        pc_setpos(sd, str, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -2252,118 +1664,96 @@ int buildin_warp (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int buildin_areawarp_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_areawarp_sub(struct block_list *bl, const char *mapname, int x, int y)
 {
-    int  x, y;
-    const char *mapname = va_arg (ap, const char *);
-    x = va_arg (ap, int);
-    y = va_arg (ap, int);
-    if (strcmp (mapname, "Random") == 0)
-        pc_randomwarp ((struct map_session_data *) bl, 3);
+    if (strcmp(mapname, "Random") == 0)
+        pc_randomwarp((struct map_session_data *) bl, BeingRemoveWhy::WARPED);
     else
-        pc_setpos ((struct map_session_data *) bl, mapname, x, y, 0);
-    return 0;
+        pc_setpos((struct map_session_data *) bl, mapname, x, y, BeingRemoveWhy::GONE);
 }
 
-int buildin_areawarp (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_areawarp(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x, y, m;
-    int  x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    int x, y, m;
+    int x0, y0, x1, y1;
 
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 9]));
-
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 9]));
 
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_areawarp_sub,
-                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_PC, str, x, y);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_heal (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  hp, sp;
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
+        return;
 
-    hp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    pc_heal (script_rid2sd (st), hp, sp);
-    return 0;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_areawarp_sub, ph::_1, str, x, y),
+                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL::PC);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_itemheal (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_heal(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  hp, sp;
+    int hp, sp;
 
-    hp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    pc_itemheal (script_rid2sd (st), hp, sp);
-    return 0;
+    hp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    sp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    pc_heal(script_rid2sd(st), hp, sp);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_percentheal (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_itemheal(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  hp, sp;
+    int hp, sp;
 
-    hp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    pc_percentheal (script_rid2sd (st), hp, sp);
-    return 0;
+    hp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    sp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    pc_itemheal(script_rid2sd(st), hp, sp);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_jobchange (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_percentheal(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  job, upper = -1;
+    int hp, sp;
 
-    job = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        upper = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-
-    if ((job >= 0 && job < MAX_PC_CLASS))
-        pc_jobchange (script_rid2sd (st), job, upper);
-
-    return 0;
+    hp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    sp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    pc_percentheal(script_rid2sd(st), hp, sp);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_input (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_input(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  num =
+    int num =
         (st->end >
          st->start + 2) ? st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num : 0;
     const char *name =
         (st->end >
          st->start + 2) ? str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str : "";
 //  char prefix=*name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
+    char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     if (sd->state.menu_or_input)
     {
         sd->state.menu_or_input = 0;
@@ -2372,11 +1762,11 @@ int buildin_input (struct script_state *st)
             // 文字列
             if (st->end > st->start + 2)
             {                   // 引数1個
-                set_reg (sd, num, name, sd->npc_str);
+                set_reg(sd, num, name, sd->npc_str);
             }
             else
             {
-                printf ("buildin_input: string discarded !!\n");
+                PRINTF("builtin_input: string discarded !!\n");
             }
         }
         else
@@ -2386,19 +1776,19 @@ int buildin_input (struct script_state *st)
             //** Fix by fritz :X keeps people from abusing old input bugs
             if (sd->npc_amount < 0) //** If input amount is less then 0
             {
-                clif_tradecancelled (sd);   // added "Deal has been cancelled" message by Valaris
-                buildin_close (st); //** close
+                clif_tradecancelled(sd);   // added "Deal has been cancelled" message by Valaris
+                builtin_close(st); //** close
             }
 
             // 数値
             if (st->end > st->start + 2)
             {                   // 引数1個
-                set_reg (sd, num, name, sd->npc_amount);
+                set_reg(sd, num, name, sd->npc_amount);
             }
             else
             {
                 // ragemu互����
-                pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("l14"), sd->npc_amount);
+                pc_setreg(sd, add_str("l14"), sd->npc_amount);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2406,97 +1796,97 @@ int buildin_input (struct script_state *st)
     {
         st->state = RERUNLINE;
         if (postfix == '$')
-            clif_scriptinputstr (sd, st->oid);
+            clif_scriptinputstr(sd, st->oid);
         else
-            clif_scriptinput (sd, st->oid);
+            clif_scriptinput(sd, st->oid);
         sd->state.menu_or_input = 1;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_if (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_if (ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  sel, i;
+    int sel, i;
 
-    sel = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    sel = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
     if (!sel)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
     // 関数�をコピー
-    push_copy (st->stack, st->start + 3);
+    push_copy(st->stack, st->start + 3);
     // 間�引数マーカを入れ�
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::ARG, 0);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::ARG, 0);
     // 残り�引数をコピー
     for (i = st->start + 4; i < st->end; i++)
     {
-        push_copy (st->stack, i);
+        push_copy(st->stack, i);
     }
-    run_func (st);
+    run_func(st);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 変数設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_set (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_set(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
+    int num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
     char *name = str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str;
     char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
+    char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
 
     if (st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].type != ScriptCode::NAME)
     {
-        printf ("script: buildin_set: not name\n");
-        return 0;
+        PRINTF("script: builtin_set: not name\n");
+        return;
     }
 
     if (prefix != '$')
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+        sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     if (postfix == '$')
     {
         // 文字列
-        const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-        set_reg (sd, num, name, str);
+        const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+        set_reg(sd, num, name, str);
     }
     else
     {
         // 数値
-        int  val = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-        set_reg (sd, num, name, val);
+        int val = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+        set_reg(sd, num, name, val);
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * �列変数設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_setarray (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_setarray(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
+    int num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
     char *name = str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str;
     char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
-    int  i, j;
+    char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
+    int i, j;
 
     if (prefix != '$' && prefix != '@')
     {
-        printf ("buildin_setarray: illegal scope !\n");
-        return 0;
+        PRINTF("builtin_setarray: illegal scope !\n");
+        return;
     }
     if (prefix != '$')
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+        sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     for (j = 0, i = st->start + 3; i < st->end && j < 128; i++, j++)
     {
@@ -2505,31 +1895,30 @@ int buildin_setarray (struct script_state *st)
         else
             set_reg(sd, num + (j << 24), name, conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[i])));
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * �列変数クリア
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_cleararray (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_cleararray(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
+    int num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
     char *name = str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str;
     char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
-    int  sz = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    int  i;
-    void *v;
+    char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
+    int sz = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    int i;
 
     if (prefix != '$' && prefix != '@')
     {
-        printf ("buildin_cleararray: illegal scope !\n");
-        return 0;
+        PRINTF("builtin_cleararray: illegal scope !\n");
+        return;
     }
     if (prefix != '$')
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+        sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     if (postfix == '$')
         for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)
@@ -2538,241 +1927,110 @@ int buildin_cleararray (struct script_state *st)
         for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)
             set_reg(sd, num + (i << 24), name, conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �列変数コピー
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_copyarray (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
-    char *name = str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str;
-    char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
-    int  num2 = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3].u.num;
-    char *name2 = str_buf + str_data[num2 & 0x00ffffff].str;
-    char prefix2 = *name2;
-    char postfix2 = name2[strlen (name2) - 1];
-    int  sz = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    int  i;
-
-    if (prefix != '$' && prefix != '@' && prefix2 != '$' && prefix2 != '@')
-    {
-        printf ("buildin_copyarray: illegal scope !\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if ((postfix == '$' || postfix2 == '$') && postfix != postfix2)
-    {
-        printf ("buildin_copyarray: type mismatch !\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (prefix != '$' || prefix2 != '$')
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)
-        set_reg (sd, num + (i << 24), name, get_val2 (st, num2 + (i << 24)));
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * �列変数�サイズ所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int getarraysize (struct script_state *st, int num, int postfix)
+static
+int getarraysize(ScriptState *st, int num, int postfix)
 {
-    int  i = (num >> 24), c = i;
+    int i = (num >> 24), c = i;
     for (; i < 128; i++)
     {
-        struct script_data vd = get_val2 (st, num + (i << 24));
+        struct script_data vd = get_val2(st, num + (i << 24));
         if (postfix == '$' ? bool(*vd.u.str) : bool(vd.u.num))
             c = i;
     }
     return c + 1;
 }
 
-int buildin_getarraysize (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
-    char *name = str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str;
-    char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
-
-    if (prefix != '$' && prefix != '@')
-    {
-        printf ("buildin_copyarray: illegal scope !\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, getarraysize (st, num, postfix));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �列変数�ら�素削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_deletearray (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getarraysize(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
+    int num = st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num;
     char *name = str_buf + str_data[num & 0x00ffffff].str;
     char prefix = *name;
-    char postfix = name[strlen (name) - 1];
-    int  count = 1;
-    int  i, sz = getarraysize (st, num, postfix) - (num >> 24) - count + 1;
-
-    if ((st->end > st->start + 3))
-        count = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    char postfix = name[strlen(name) - 1];
 
     if (prefix != '$' && prefix != '@')
     {
-        printf ("buildin_deletearray: illegal scope !\n");
-        return 0;
+        PRINTF("builtin_copyarray: illegal scope !\n");
+        return;
     }
-    if (prefix != '$')
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
 
-    for (i = 0; i < sz; i++)
-    {
-        set_reg (sd, num + (i << 24), name,
-                 get_val2 (st, num + ((i + count) << 24)));
-    }
-    for (; i < (128 - (num >> 24)); i++)
-    {
-        if (postfix != '$')
-            set_reg (sd, num + (i << 24), name, 0);
-        if (postfix == '$')
-            set_reg (sd, num + (i << 24), name, "");
-    }
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, getarraysize(st, num, postfix));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 指定�素を表�値(キー)を所得�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getelementofarray (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getelementofarray(ScriptState *st)
 {
     if (st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].type == ScriptCode::NAME)
     {
-        int  i = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+        int i = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
         if (i > 127 || i < 0)
         {
-            printf
-                ("script: getelementofarray (operator[]): param2 illegal number %d\n",
+            PRINTF("script: getelementofarray (operator[]): param2 illegal number %d\n",
                  i);
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
         }
         else
         {
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::NAME,
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::NAME,
                       (i << 24) | st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.num);
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        printf
-            ("script: getelementofarray (operator[]): param1 not name !\n");
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        PRINTF("script: getelementofarray (operator[]): param1 not name !\n");
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_setlook (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  type, val;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    val = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-
-    pc_changelook (script_rid2sd (st), type, val);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_cutin (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  type;
-
-    conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-
-    clif_cutin (script_rid2sd (st),
-                st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.str, type);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * カード�イラストを表示�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_cutincard (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  itemid;
-
-    itemid = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    clif_cutin (script_rid2sd (st), itemdb_search (itemid)->cardillustname,
-                4);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_viewpoint (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_setlook(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type, x, y, id, color;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    color = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    LOOK type = LOOK(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    int val = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
-    clif_viewpoint (script_rid2sd (st), st->oid, type, x, y, id, color);
+    pc_changelook(script_rid2sd(st), type, val);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_countitem (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_countitem(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  nameid = 0, count = 0, i;
+    int nameid = 0, count = 0, i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
     struct script_data *data;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
         struct item_data *item_data;
-        if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname (name)) != NULL)
+        if ((item_data = itemdb_searchname(name)) != NULL)
             nameid = item_data->nameid;
     }
     else
-        nameid = conv_num (st, data);
+        nameid = conv_num(st, data);
 
     if (nameid >= 500)          //if no such ID then skip this iteration
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
@@ -2783,305 +2041,202 @@ int buildin_countitem (struct script_state *st)
     else
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("wrong item ID : countitem(%i)\n", nameid);
+            PRINTF("wrong item ID : countitem (%i)\n", nameid);
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, count);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, count);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ���ェック
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_checkweight (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_checkweight(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  nameid = 0, amount;
+    int nameid = 0, amount;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct script_data *data;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
+        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname(name);
         if (item_data)
             nameid = item_data->nameid;
     }
     else
-        nameid = conv_num (st, data);
+        nameid = conv_num(st, data);
 
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    amount = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
     if (amount <= 0 || nameid < 500)
-    {                           //if get wrong item ID or amount<=0, don't count weight of non existing items
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+    {
+        //if get wrong item ID or amount<=0, don't count weight of non existing items
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        return;
     }
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    if (itemdb_weight (nameid) * amount + sd->weight > sd->max_weight)
+    if (itemdb_weight(nameid) * amount + sd->weight > sd->max_weight)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
     }
     else
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getitem (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getitem(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  nameid, amount, flag = 0;
+    int nameid, amount;
     struct item item_tmp;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct script_data *data;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
+        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname(name);
         nameid = 727;           //Default to iten
         if (item_data != NULL)
             nameid = item_data->nameid;
     }
     else
-        nameid = conv_num (st, data);
+        nameid = conv_num(st, data);
 
     if ((amount =
-         conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]))) <= 0)
+         conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]))) <= 0)
     {
-        return 0;               //return if amount <=0, skip the useles iteration
-    }
-    //Violet Box, Blue Box, etc - random item pick
-    if (nameid < 0)
-    {                           // ランダム
-        nameid = itemdb_searchrandomid (-nameid);
-        flag = 1;
+        return;               //return if amount <=0, skip the useles iteration
     }
 
     if (nameid > 0)
     {
-        memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
+        memset(&item_tmp, 0, sizeof(item_tmp));
         item_tmp.nameid = nameid;
-        if (!flag)
-            item_tmp.identify = 1;
-        else
-            item_tmp.identify = !itemdb_isequip3 (nameid);
+        item_tmp.identify = 1;
         if (st->end > st->start + 5)    //アイテムを指定��ID�渡�
-            sd = map_id2sd (conv_num
-                            (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5])));
+            sd = map_id2sd(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5])));
         if (sd == NULL)         //アイテムを渡�相手������ら�帰り
-            return 0;
-        if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, amount)))
-        {
-            clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-            map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, amount, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                              NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getitem2 (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  nameid, amount, flag = 0;
-    int  iden, ref, attr, c1, c2, c3, c4;
-    struct item item_tmp;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct script_data *data;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
-    if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
-    {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
-        nameid = 512;           //Apple item ID
-        if (item_data)
-            nameid = item_data->nameid;
-    }
-    else
-        nameid = conv_num (st, data);
-
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    iden = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    ref = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    attr = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    c1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
-    c2 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
-    c3 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 9]));
-    c4 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 10]));
-    if (st->end > st->start + 11)   //アイテムを指定��ID�渡�
-        sd = map_id2sd (conv_num
-                        (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 11])));
-    if (sd == NULL)             //アイテムを渡�相手������ら�帰り
-        return 0;
-
-    if (nameid < 0)
-    {                           // ランダム
-        nameid = itemdb_searchrandomid (-nameid);
-        flag = 1;
-    }
-
-    if (nameid > 0)
-    {
-        memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_search (nameid);
-        if (item_data->type == 4 || item_data->type == 5)
-        {
-            if (ref > 10)
-                ref = 10;
-        }
-        else if (item_data->type == 7)
-        {
-            iden = 1;
-            ref = 0;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            iden = 1;
-            ref = attr = 0;
-        }
-
-        item_tmp.nameid = nameid;
-        if (!flag)
-            item_tmp.identify = iden;
-        else if (item_data->type == 4 || item_data->type == 5)
-            item_tmp.identify = 0;
-        item_tmp.refine = ref;
-        item_tmp.attribute = attr;
-        item_tmp.card[0] = c1;
-        item_tmp.card[1] = c2;
-        item_tmp.card[2] = c3;
-        item_tmp.card[3] = c4;
-        if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, amount)))
+            return;
+        PickupFail flag;
+        if ((flag = pc_additem(sd, &item_tmp, amount)) != PickupFail::OKAY)
         {
-            clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-            map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, amount, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                              NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+            clif_additem(sd, 0, 0, flag);
+            map_addflooritem(&item_tmp, amount,
+                    sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
+                    NULL, NULL, NULL);
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_makeitem (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_makeitem(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  nameid, amount, flag = 0;
-    int  x, y, m;
+    int nameid, amount, flag = 0;
+    int x, y, m;
     struct item item_tmp;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct script_data *data;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
+        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname(name);
         nameid = 512;           //Apple Item ID
         if (item_data)
             nameid = item_data->nameid;
     }
     else
-        nameid = conv_num (st, data);
+        nameid = conv_num(st, data);
 
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    amount = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
 
-    if (sd && strcmp (mapname, "this") == 0)
+    if (sd && strcmp(mapname, "this") == 0)
         m = sd->bl.m;
     else
-        m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
-
-    if (nameid < 0)
-    {                           // ランダム
-        nameid = itemdb_searchrandomid (-nameid);
-        flag = 1;
-    }
+        m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname);
 
     if (nameid > 0)
     {
-        memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
+        memset(&item_tmp, 0, sizeof(item_tmp));
         item_tmp.nameid = nameid;
         if (!flag)
             item_tmp.identify = 1;
         else
-            item_tmp.identify = !itemdb_isequip3 (nameid);
+            item_tmp.identify = !itemdb_isequip3(nameid);
 
-//      clif_additem(sd,0,0,flag);
-        map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, amount, m, x, y, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
+        map_addflooritem(&item_tmp, amount, m, x, y, NULL, NULL, NULL);
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_delitem (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_delitem(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  nameid = 0, amount, i;
+    int nameid = 0, amount, i;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct script_data *data;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
+        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname(name);
         //nameid=512;
         if (item_data)
             nameid = item_data->nameid;
     }
     else
-        nameid = conv_num (st, data);
+        nameid = conv_num(st, data);
 
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    amount = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
     if (nameid < 500 || amount <= 0)
-    {                           //by Lupus. Don't run FOR if u got wrong item ID or amount<=0
-        //printf("wrong item ID or amount<=0 : delitem %i,\n",nameid,amount);
-        return 0;
+    {
+        //by Lupus. Don't run FOR if u got wrong item ID or amount<=0
+        //PRINTF("wrong item ID or amount<=0 : delitem %i,\n",nameid,amount);
+        return;
     }
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
 
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid <= 0
             || sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL
-            || sd->inventory_data[i]->type != 7
+            || sd->inventory_data[i]->type != ItemType::_7
             || sd->status.inventory[i].amount <= 0)
             continue;
     }
@@ -3091,7 +2246,7 @@ int buildin_delitem (struct script_state *st)
         {
             if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount >= amount)
             {
-                pc_delitem (sd, i, amount, 0);
+                pc_delitem(sd, i, amount, 0);
                 break;
             }
             else
@@ -3099,71 +2254,67 @@ int buildin_delitem (struct script_state *st)
                 amount -= sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
                 if (amount == 0)
                     amount = sd->status.inventory[i].amount;
-                pc_delitem (sd, i, amount, 0);
+                pc_delitem(sd, i, amount, 0);
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *キャラ関係�パラメータ�得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_readparam (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_readparam(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    SP type = SP(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
     if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        sd = map_nick2sd (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
+        sd = map_nick2sd(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
     else
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+        sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        return;
     }
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_readparam (sd, type));
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_readparam(sd, type));
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *キャラ関係�ID�得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getcharid (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getcharid(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  num;
+    int num;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    num = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
     if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        sd = map_nick2sd (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
+        sd = map_nick2sd(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
     else
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+        sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        return;
     }
     if (num == 0)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.char_id);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.char_id);
     if (num == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.party_id);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.party_id);
     if (num == 2)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.guild_id);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0/*guild_id*/);
     if (num == 3)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.account_id);
-    return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.account_id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3171,737 +2322,252 @@ int buildin_getcharid (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-char *buildin_getpartyname_sub (int party_id)
+char *builtin_getpartyname_sub(int party_id)
 {
     struct party *p;
 
     p = NULL;
-    p = party_search (party_id);
+    p = party_search(party_id);
 
     if (p != NULL)
     {
         char *buf;
-        buf = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
-        strcpy (buf, p->name);
+        buf = (char *) calloc(24, 1);
+        strcpy(buf, p->name);
         return buf;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_getpartyname (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    char *name;
-    int  party_id;
-
-    party_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    name = buildin_getpartyname_sub (party_id);
-    if (name != 0)
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, name);
-    else
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "null");
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *指定ID�PT人数�メン�ーID�得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getpartymember (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct party *p;
-    int  i, j = 0;
-
-    p = NULL;
-    p = party_search (conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
-
-    if (p != NULL)
-    {
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_PARTY; i++)
-        {
-            if (p->member[i].account_id)
-            {
-//              printf("name:%s %d\n",p->member[i].name,i);
-                mapreg_setregstr (add_str ("$@partymembername$") + (i << 24),
-                                  p->member[i].name);
-                j++;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    mapreg_setreg (add_str ("$@partymembercount"), j);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *指定ID�ギルド��得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-char *buildin_getguildname_sub (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild *g = NULL;
-    g = guild_search (guild_id);
-
-    if (g != NULL)
-    {
-        char *buf;
-        buf = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
-        strcpy (buf, g->name);
-        return buf;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_getguildname (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    char *name;
-    int  guild_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    name = buildin_getguildname_sub (guild_id);
-    if (name != 0)
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, name);
-    else
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "null");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *指定ID�GuildMaster��得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-char *buildin_getguildmaster_sub (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild *g = NULL;
-    g = guild_search (guild_id);
-
-    if (g != NULL)
-    {
-        char *buf;
-        buf = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
-        strncpy (buf, g->master, 23);
-        return buf;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_getguildmaster (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    char *master;
-    int  guild_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    master = buildin_getguildmaster_sub (guild_id);
-    if (master != 0)
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, master);
-    else
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "null");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_getguildmasterid (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    char *master;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  guild_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    master = buildin_getguildmaster_sub (guild_id);
-    if (master != 0)
-    {
-        if ((sd = map_nick2sd (master)) == NULL)
-        {
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.char_id);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * キャラクタ���
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_strcharinfo (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_strcharinfo(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  num;
+    int num;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    num = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
     if (num == 0)
     {
         char *buf;
-        buf = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
-        strncpy (buf, sd->status.name, 23);
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
+        buf = (char *) calloc(24, 1);
+        strncpy(buf, sd->status.name, 23);
+        push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
     }
     if (num == 1)
     {
         char *buf;
-        buf = buildin_getpartyname_sub (sd->status.party_id);
+        buf = builtin_getpartyname_sub(sd->status.party_id);
         if (buf != 0)
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
+            push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
         else
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "");
+            push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "");
     }
     if (num == 2)
     {
-        char *buf;
-        buf = buildin_getguildname_sub (sd->status.guild_id);
-        if (buf != 0)
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
-        else
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "");
+        // was: guild name
+        push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "");
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-unsigned int equip[10] =
-    { 0x0100, 0x0010, 0x0020, 0x0002, 0x0004, 0x0040, 0x0008, 0x0080, 0x0200,
-    0x0001
+// indexed by the equip_* in db/const.txt
+// TODO change to use EQUIP
+static
+EPOS equip[10] =
+{
+    EPOS::HAT,
+    EPOS::MISC1,
+    EPOS::SHIELD,
+    EPOS::WEAPON,
+    EPOS::GLOVES,
+    EPOS::SHOES,
+    EPOS::CAPE,
+    EPOS::MISC2,
+    EPOS::TORSO,
+    EPOS::LEGS,
 };
 
 /*==========================================
  * GetEquipID(Pos);     Pos: 1-10
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getequipid (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getequipid(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  i, num;
+    int i, num;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct item_data *item;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     if (sd == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("getequipid: sd == NULL\n");
-        return 0;
+        PRINTF("getequipid: sd == NULL\n");
+        return;
     }
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
+    num = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    i = pc_checkequip(sd, equip[num - 1]);
     if (i >= 0)
     {
         item = sd->inventory_data[i];
         if (item)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, item->nameid);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, item->nameid);
         else
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
     }
     else
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 装備�文字列（精錬メニュー用）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getequipname (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getequipname(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  i, num;
+    int i, num;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct item_data *item;
     char *buf;
 
-    buf = (char *) calloc (64, 1);
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
+    buf = (char *) calloc(64, 1);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    num = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    i = pc_checkequip(sd, equip[num - 1]);
     if (i >= 0)
     {
         item = sd->inventory_data[i];
         if (item)
-            sprintf (buf, "%s-[%s]", pos[num - 1], item->jname);
+            sprintf(buf, "%s-[%s]", pos[num - 1], item->jname);
         else
-            sprintf (buf, "%s-[%s]", pos[num - 1], pos[10]);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        sprintf (buf, "%s-[%s]", pos[num - 1], pos[10]);
-    }
-    push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * getbrokenid [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getbrokenid (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num, id = 0, brokencounter = 0;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-        {
-            brokencounter++;
-            if (num == brokencounter)
-            {
-                id = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
+            sprintf(buf, "%s-[%s]", pos[num - 1], pos[10]);
     }
-
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, id);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * repair [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_repair (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    int  repaircounter = 0;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].broken == 1)
-        {
-            repaircounter++;
-            if (num == repaircounter)
-            {
-                sd->status.inventory[i].broken = 0;
-                clif_equiplist (sd);
-                clif_produceeffect (sd, 0, sd->status.inventory[i].nameid);
-                clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 3);
-                clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "Item has been repaired.");
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備�ェック
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequipisequiped (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0)
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備�精錬�能�ェック
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequipisenableref (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0 && num < 7 && sd->inventory_data[i]
-        && (num != 1 || sd->inventory_data[i]->def > 1
-            || (sd->inventory_data[i]->def == 1
-                && sd->inventory_data[i]->equip_script == NULL)
-            || (sd->inventory_data[i]->def <= 0
-                && sd->inventory_data[i]->equip_script != NULL)))
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備�鑑定�ェック
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequipisidentify (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.inventory[i].identify);
-    else
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備�精錬度
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequiprefinerycnt (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.inventory[i].refine);
-    else
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備�武器LV
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequipweaponlv (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0 && sd->inventory_data[i])
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->inventory_data[i]->wlv);
     else
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備�精錬�功率
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequippercentrefinery (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
-                  pc_percentrefinery (sd, &sd->status.inventory[i]));
-    else
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 精錬�功
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_successrefitem (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num, ep;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0)
-    {
-        ep = sd->status.inventory[i].equip;
-
-        sd->status.inventory[i].refine++;
-        pc_unequipitem (sd, i, 0);
-        clif_refine (sd->fd, sd, 0, i, sd->status.inventory[i].refine);
-        clif_delitem (sd, i, 1);
-        clif_additem (sd, i, 1, 0);
-        pc_equipitem (sd, i, ep);
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 3);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 精錬失敗
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_failedrefitem (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (i >= 0)
     {
-        sd->status.inventory[i].refine = 0;
-        pc_unequipitem (sd, i, 0);
-        // 精錬失敗エフェクト�パケット
-        clif_refine (sd->fd, sd, 1, i, sd->status.inventory[i].refine);
-        pc_delitem (sd, i, 1, 0);
-        // 他�人�も失敗を通知
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 2);
+        sprintf(buf, "%s-[%s]", pos[num - 1], pos[10]);
     }
+    push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_statusup (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  type;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_statusup (sd, type);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_statusup2 (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  type, val;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    val = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_statusup2 (sd, type, val);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 装備��よる能力値ボーナス
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_bonus (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_statusup2(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type, val;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    val = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_bonus (sd, type, val);
+    SP type = SP(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    int val = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    pc_statusup2(sd, type, val);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 装備��よる能力値ボーナス
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_bonus2 (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_bonus(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type, type2, val;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    type2 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    val = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_bonus2 (sd, type, type2, val);
+    SP type = SP(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    int val = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    pc_bonus(sd, type, val);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 装備��よる能力値ボーナス
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_bonus3 (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_bonus2(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type, type2, type3, val;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    type2 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    type3 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    val = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_bonus3 (sd, type, type2, type3, val);
+    SP type = SP(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    int type2 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    int val = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    pc_bonus2(sd, type, type2, val);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * スキル所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_skill (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_skill(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  id, level, flag = 1;
+    int level, flag = 1;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    level = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    SkillID id = SkillID(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    level = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
     if (st->end > st->start + 4)
-        flag = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_skill (sd, id, level, flag);
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
+        flag = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    pc_skill(sd, id, level, flag);
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * [Fate] Sets the skill level permanently
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_setskill (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_setskill(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  id, level;
+    int level;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    level = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    SkillID id = static_cast<SkillID>(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    level = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    sd->status.skill[id].id = level ? id : 0;
     sd->status.skill[id].lv = level;
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ギルドスキル�得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_guildskill (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  id, level;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  i = 0;
-
-    id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    level = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-//  if( st->end>st->start+4 )
-//      flag=conv_num(st,&(st->stack->stack_data[st->start+4]) );
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    for (i = 0; i < level; i++)
-        guild_skillup (sd, id);
-
-    return 0;
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * スキルレベル所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getskilllv (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_checkskill (script_rid2sd (st), id));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * getgdskilllv(Guild_ID, Skill_ID);
- * skill_id = 10000 : GD_APPROVAL
- *            10001 : GD_KAFRACONTACT
- *            10002 : GD_GUARDIANRESEARCH
- *            10003 : GD_CHARISMA
- *            10004 : GD_EXTENSION
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getgdskilllv (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  guild_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  skill_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    struct guild *g = guild_search (guild_id);
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
-              (g == NULL) ? -1 : guild_checkskill (g, skill_id));
-    return 0;
-/*
-	struct map_session_data *sd=NULL;
-	struct guild *g=NULL;
-	int skill_id;
-
-	skill_id=conv_num(st,& (st->stack->stack_data[st->start+2]));
-	sd=script_rid2sd(st);
-	if(sd && sd->status.guild_id > 0) g=guild_search(sd->status.guild_id);
-	if(sd && g) {
-		push_val(st->stack,ScriptCode::INT, guild_checkskill(g,skill_id+9999) );
-	} else {
-		push_val(st->stack,ScriptCode::INT,-1);
-	}
-	return 0;
-*/
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_basicskillcheck (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getskilllv(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, battle_config.basic_skill_check);
-    return 0;
+    SkillID id = SkillID(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_checkskill(script_rid2sd(st), id));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getgmlevel (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getgmlevel(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_isGM (script_rid2sd (st)));
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_isGM(script_rid2sd(st)));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_end (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_end(ScriptState *st)
 {
     st->state = END;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3909,15 +2575,15 @@ int buildin_end (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_getopt2 (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getopt2(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->opt2);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, uint16_t(sd->opt2));
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -3925,185 +2591,34 @@ int buildin_getopt2 (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_setopt2 (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_setopt2(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  new_opt2;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    new_opt2 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    Opt2 new_opt2 = Opt2(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     if (new_opt2 == sd->opt2)
-        return 0;
+        return;
     sd->opt2 = new_opt2;
-    clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_checkoption (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  type;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    if (sd->status.option & type)
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_setoption (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  type;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_setoption (sd, type);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Checkcart [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-int buildin_checkcart (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    clif_changeoption(&sd->bl);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
-    if (pc_iscarton (sd))
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * カートを付�る
+ *      セーブ�イント��存
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_setcart (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_setcart (sd, 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * checkfalcon [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-int buildin_checkfalcon (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    if (pc_isfalcon (sd))
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 鷹を付�る
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_setfalcon (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_setfalcon (sd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Checkcart [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-int buildin_checkriding (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    if (pc_isriding (sd))
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ペコペコ乗り
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_setriding (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_setriding (sd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *	セーブ�イント��存
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_savepoint (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_savepoint(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x, y;
+    int x, y;
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    pc_setsavepoint (script_rid2sd (st), str, x, y);
-    return 0;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    pc_setsavepoint(script_rid2sd(st), str, x, y);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4116,36 +2631,32 @@ int buildin_savepoint (struct script_state *st)
  *  other value.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_gettimetick (struct script_state *st)   /* Asgard Version */
+static
+void builtin_gettimetick(ScriptState *st)   /* Asgard Version */
 {
-    int  type;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    int type;
+    type = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        /* Number of seconds elapsed today (0-86399, 00:00:00-23:59:59). */
+        /* Number of seconds elapsed today(0-86399, 00:00:00-23:59:59). */
         case 1:
         {
-            time_t timer;
-            struct tm *t;
-
-            time (&timer);
-            t = gmtime (&timer);
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
-                      ((t->tm_hour) * 3600 + (t->tm_min) * 60 + t->tm_sec));
+            struct tm t = TimeT::now();
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
+                    t.tm_hour * 3600 + t.tm_min * 60 + t.tm_sec);
             break;
         }
         /* Seconds since Unix epoch. */
         case 2:
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (int) time (NULL));
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, static_cast<time_t>(TimeT::now()));
             break;
-        /* System tick (unsigned int, and yes, it will wrap). */
+        /* System tick(unsigned int, and yes, it will wrap). */
         case 0:
         default:
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gettick ());
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gettick().time_since_epoch().count());
             break;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4155,185 +2666,144 @@ int buildin_gettimetick (struct script_state *st)   /* Asgard Version */
  * 7: Year
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_gettime (struct script_state *st)   /* Asgard Version */
+static
+void builtin_gettime(ScriptState *st)   /* Asgard Version */
 {
-    int  type;
-    time_t timer;
-    struct tm *t;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    int type = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
-    time (&timer);
-    t = gmtime (&timer);
+    struct tm t = TimeT::now();
 
     switch (type)
     {
         case 1:                //Sec(0~59)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_sec);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_sec);
             break;
         case 2:                //Min(0~59)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_min);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_min);
             break;
         case 3:                //Hour(0~23)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_hour);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_hour);
             break;
         case 4:                //WeekDay(0~6)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_wday);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_wday);
             break;
         case 5:                //MonthDay(01~31)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_mday);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_mday);
             break;
         case 6:                //Month(01~12)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_mon + 1);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_mon + 1);
             break;
         case 7:                //Year(20xx)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t->tm_year + 1900);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, t.tm_year + 1900);
             break;
         default:               //(format error)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
             break;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * GetTimeStr("TimeFMT", Length);
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_gettimestr (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_gettimestr(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    char *tmpstr;
-    int  maxlen;
-    time_t now = time (NULL);
+    struct tm now = TimeT::now();
 
-    const char *fmtstr = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    maxlen = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    const char *fmtstr = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    int maxlen = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
-    tmpstr = (char *) calloc (maxlen + 1, 1);
-    strftime (tmpstr, maxlen, fmtstr, gmtime (&now));
-    tmpstr[maxlen] = '\0';
+    char *tmpstr = (char *) calloc(maxlen + 1, 1);
+    strftime(tmpstr, maxlen, fmtstr, &now);
 
-    push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, tmpstr);
-    return 0;
+    push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, tmpstr);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * カプラ倉庫を開�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_openstorage (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_openstorage(ScriptState *st)
 {
 //  int sync = 0;
 //  if (st->end >= 3) sync = conv_num(st,& (st->stack->stack_data[st->start+2]));
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
 //  if (sync) {
     st->state = STOP;
     sd->npc_flags.storage = 1;
 //  } else st->state = END;
 
-    storage_storageopen (sd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_guildopenstorage (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  ret;
-    st->state = STOP;
-    ret = storage_guild_storageopen (sd);
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, ret);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * アイテム�よるスキル発動
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_itemskill (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  id, lv;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    lv = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-
-    // 詠唱中�スキルアイテム�使用����
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1)
-        return 0;
-
-    sd->skillitem = id;
-    sd->skillitemlv = lv;
-    clif_item_skill (sd, id, lv, str);
-    return 0;
+    storage_storageopen(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPC�経験値上�る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getexp (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getexp(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  base = 0, job = 0;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    int base = 0, job = 0;
 
-    base = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    job = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    base = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    job = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
     if (base < 0 || job < 0)
-        return 0;
+        return;
     if (sd)
-        pc_gainexp_reason (sd, base, job, PC_GAINEXP_REASON_SCRIPT);
+        pc_gainexp_reason(sd, base, job, PC_GAINEXP_REASON::SCRIPT);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * モンスター発生
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_monster (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_monster(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  mob_class, amount, x, y;
+    int mob_class, amount, x, y;
     const char *event = "";
 
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    mob_class = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    mob_class = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    amount = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
     if (st->end > st->start + 8)
-        event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
+        event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
 
-    mob_once_spawn (map_id2sd (st->rid), mapname, x, y, str, mob_class, amount,
+    mob_once_spawn(map_id2sd(st->rid), mapname, x, y, str, mob_class, amount,
                     event);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * モンスター発生
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_areamonster (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_areamonster(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  mob_class, amount, x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    int mob_class, amount, x0, y0, x1, y1;
     const char *event = "";
 
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
-    mob_class = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 9]));
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
+    mob_class = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
+    amount = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 9]));
     if (st->end > st->start + 10)
-        event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 10]));
+        event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 10]));
 
-    mob_once_spawn_area (map_id2sd (st->rid), mapname, x0, y0, x1, y1, str, mob_class,
+    mob_once_spawn_area(map_id2sd(st->rid), mapname, x0, y0, x1, y1, str, mob_class,
                          amount, event);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4341,191 +2811,147 @@ int buildin_areamonster (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int buildin_killmonster_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_killmonster_sub(struct block_list *bl, const char *event, int allflag)
 {
-    char *event = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    int  allflag = va_arg (ap, int);
-
     if (!allflag)
     {
-        if (strcmp (event, ((struct mob_data *) bl)->npc_event) == 0)
-            mob_delete ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-        return 0;
+        if (strcmp(event, ((struct mob_data *) bl)->npc_event) == 0)
+            mob_delete((struct mob_data *) bl);
+        return;
     }
     else if (allflag)
     {
-        if (((struct mob_data *) bl)->spawndelay1 == -1
-            && ((struct mob_data *) bl)->spawndelay2 == -1)
-            mob_delete ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-        return 0;
+        if (((struct mob_data *) bl)->spawndelay1 == static_cast<interval_t>(-1)
+            && ((struct mob_data *) bl)->spawndelay2 == static_cast<interval_t>(-1))
+            mob_delete((struct mob_data *) bl);
+        return;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_killmonster (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_killmonster(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, allflag = 0;
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    if (strcmp (event, "All") == 0)
+    int m, allflag = 0;
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    if (strcmp(event, "All") == 0)
         allflag = 1;
 
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_killmonster_sub,
-                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL_MOB, event, allflag);
-    return 0;
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
+        return;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_killmonster_sub, ph::_1, event, allflag),
+                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL::MOB);
 }
 
 static
-int buildin_killmonsterall_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_killmonsterall_sub(struct block_list *bl)
 {
-    mob_delete ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-    return 0;
+    mob_delete((struct mob_data *) bl);
 }
 
-int buildin_killmonsterall (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_killmonsterall(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m;
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_killmonsterall_sub,
-                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL_MOB);
-    return 0;
-}
+    int m;
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
-/*==========================================
- * イベント実行
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_doevent (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    npc_event (map_id2sd (st->rid), event, 0);
-    return 0;
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
+        return;
+    map_foreachinarea(builtin_killmonsterall_sub,
+                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL::MOB);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPC主体イベント実行
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_donpcevent (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_donpcevent(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    npc_event_do (event);
-    return 0;
+    const char *event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    npc_event_do(event);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * イベントタイマー追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_addtimer (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  tick;
-    tick = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    pc_addeventtimer (script_rid2sd (st), tick, event);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * イベントタイマー削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_deltimer (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    pc_deleventtimer (script_rid2sd (st), event);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * イベントタイマー�カウント値追加
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_addtimercount (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_addtimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  tick;
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    tick = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    pc_addeventtimercount (script_rid2sd (st), event, tick);
-    return 0;
+    interval_t tick = static_cast<interval_t>(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    const char *event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    pc_addeventtimer(script_rid2sd(st), tick, event);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPCタイマー�期化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_initnpctimer (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_initnpctimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
     if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+        nd = npc_name2id(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
     else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
+        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(st->oid);
 
-    npc_settimerevent_tick (nd, 0);
-    npc_timerevent_start (nd);
-    return 0;
+    npc_settimerevent_tick(nd, interval_t::zero());
+    npc_timerevent_start(nd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPCタイマー開始
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_startnpctimer (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_startnpctimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
     if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+        nd = npc_name2id(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
     else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
+        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(st->oid);
 
-    npc_timerevent_start (nd);
-    return 0;
+    npc_timerevent_start(nd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPCタイマー�止
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_stopnpctimer (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_stopnpctimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
     if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+        nd = npc_name2id(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
     else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
+        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(st->oid);
 
-    npc_timerevent_stop (nd);
-    return 0;
+    npc_timerevent_stop(nd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPCタイマー情報所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getnpctimer (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getnpctimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct npc_data *nd;
-    int  type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  val = 0;
+    int type = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    int val = 0;
     if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
+        nd = npc_name2id(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
     else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
+        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(st->oid);
 
     switch (type)
     {
         case 0:
-            val = npc_gettimerevent_tick (nd);
+            val = (int) npc_gettimerevent_tick(nd).count();
             break;
         case 1:
             val = (nd->u.scr.nexttimer >= 0);
@@ -4534,48 +2960,45 @@ int buildin_getnpctimer (struct script_state *st)
             val = nd->u.scr.timeramount;
             break;
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPCタイマー値設定
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_setnpctimer (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_setnpctimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  tick;
     struct npc_data *nd;
-    tick = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    interval_t tick = static_cast<interval_t>(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
     if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
+        nd = npc_name2id(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
     else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
+        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(st->oid);
 
-    npc_settimerevent_tick (nd, tick);
-    return 0;
+    npc_settimerevent_tick(nd, tick);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 天�声アナウンス
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_announce (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_announce(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  flag;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    flag = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    int flag;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    flag = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
     if (flag & 0x0f)
     {
-        struct block_list *bl = (flag & 0x08) ? map_id2bl (st->oid) :
-            (struct block_list *) script_rid2sd (st);
-        clif_GMmessage (bl, str, strlen (str) + 1, flag);
+        struct block_list *bl = (flag & 0x08) ? map_id2bl(st->oid) :
+            (struct block_list *) script_rid2sd(st);
+        clif_GMmessage(bl, str, flag);
     }
     else
-        intif_GMmessage (str, strlen (str) + 1, flag);
-    return 0;
+        intif_GMmessage(str, flag);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4583,96 +3006,63 @@ int buildin_announce (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int buildin_mapannounce_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_mapannounce_sub(struct block_list *bl, const char *str, int flag)
 {
-    char *str;
-    int  len, flag;
-    str = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    len = va_arg (ap, int);
-    flag = va_arg (ap, int);
-    clif_GMmessage (bl, str, len, flag | 3);
-    return 0;
+    clif_GMmessage(bl, str, flag | 3);
 }
 
-int buildin_mapannounce (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  flag, m;
-
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    flag = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_mapannounce_sub,
-                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL_PC, str,
-                       strlen (str) + 1, flag & 0x10);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 天�声アナウンス（特定エリア）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_areaannounce (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_mapannounce(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  flag, m;
-    int  x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    int flag, m;
 
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
-    flag = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
-
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    flag = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
 
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_mapannounce_sub,
-                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_PC, str, strlen (str) + 1,
-                       flag & 0x10);
-    return 0;
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
+        return;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_mapannounce_sub, ph::_1, str, flag & 0x10),
+            m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL::PC);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ユーザー数所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getusers (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getusers(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  flag = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl ((flag & 0x08) ? st->oid : st->rid);
-    int  val = 0;
+    int flag = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl((flag & 0x08) ? st->oid : st->rid);
+    int val = 0;
     switch (flag & 0x07)
     {
         case 0:
             val = map[bl->m].users;
             break;
         case 1:
-            val = map_getusers ();
+            val = map_getusers();
             break;
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * マップ指定ユーザー数所得
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getmapusers (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getmapusers(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (str)) < 0)
+    int m;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(str)) < 0)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        return;
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, map[m].users);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, map[m].users);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4680,45 +3070,41 @@ int buildin_getmapusers (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int buildin_getareausers_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_getareausers_sub(struct block_list *, int *users)
 {
-    int *users = va_arg (ap, int *);
     (*users)++;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int buildin_getareausers_living_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_getareausers_living_sub(struct block_list *bl, int *users)
 {
-    int *users = va_arg (ap, int *);
     if (!pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *)bl))
         (*users)++;
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_getareausers (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getareausers(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, x0, y0, x1, y1, users = 0;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    int m, x0, y0, x1, y1, users = 0;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
 
     int living = 0;
     if (st->end > st->start + 7)
     {
-        living = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
+        living = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
     }
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (str)) < 0)
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(str)) < 0)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        return;
     }
-    map_foreachinarea (living ? buildin_getareausers_living_sub: buildin_getareausers_sub,
-                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_PC, &users);
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, users);
-    return 0;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(living ? builtin_getareausers_living_sub: builtin_getareausers_sub, ph::_1, &users),
+                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL::PC);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, users);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -4726,23 +3112,18 @@ int buildin_getareausers (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int buildin_getareadropitem_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_getareadropitem_sub(struct block_list *bl, int item, int *amount)
 {
-    int  item = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int *amount = va_arg (ap, int *);
     struct flooritem_data *drop = (struct flooritem_data *) bl;
 
     if (drop->item_data.nameid == item)
         (*amount) += drop->item_data.amount;
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static
-int buildin_getareadropitem_sub_anddelete (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_getareadropitem_sub_anddelete(struct block_list *bl, int item, int *amount)
 {
-    int  item = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int *amount = va_arg (ap, int *);
     struct flooritem_data *drop = (struct flooritem_data *) bl;
 
     if (drop->item_data.nameid == item) {
@@ -4750,241 +3131,122 @@ int buildin_getareadropitem_sub_anddelete (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
         clif_clearflooritem(drop, 0);
         map_delobject(drop->bl.id, drop->bl.type);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_getareadropitem (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getareadropitem(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, x0, y0, x1, y1, item, amount = 0, delitems = 0;
+    int m, x0, y0, x1, y1, item, amount = 0, delitems = 0;
     struct script_data *data;
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
+        struct item_data *item_data = itemdb_searchname(name);
         item = 512;
         if (item_data)
             item = item_data->nameid;
     }
     else
-        item = conv_num (st, data);
+        item = conv_num(st, data);
 
     if (st->end > st->start + 8)
-        delitems = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
+        delitems = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
 
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (str)) < 0)
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(str)) < 0)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        return;
     }
     if (delitems)
-        map_foreachinarea (buildin_getareadropitem_sub_anddelete,
-                           m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_ITEM, item, &amount);
+        map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_getareadropitem_sub_anddelete, ph::_1, item, &amount),
+                m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL::ITEM);
     else
-        map_foreachinarea (buildin_getareadropitem_sub,
-                           m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_ITEM, item, &amount);
+        map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_getareadropitem_sub, ph::_1, item, &amount),
+                m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL::ITEM);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, amount);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, amount);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPC�有効化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_enablenpc (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_enablenpc(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    npc_enable (str, 1);
-    return 0;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    npc_enable(str, 1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * NPC�無効化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_disablenpc (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    npc_enable (str, 0);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_enablearena (struct script_state *st)   // Added by RoVeRT
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    if (nd == NULL
-        || (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    npc_enable (nd->name, 1);
-    nd->arenaflag = 1;
-
-    if (cd->users >= cd->trigger && cd->npc_event[0])
-        npc_timer_event (cd->npc_event);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_disablearena (struct script_state *st)  // Added by RoVeRT
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-    nd->arenaflag = 0;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 隠れ��るNPC�表示
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_hideoffnpc (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    npc_enable (str, 2);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * NPCを�イディング
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_hideonnpc (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_disablenpc(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    npc_enable (str, 4);
-    return 0;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    npc_enable(str, 0);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 状態異常���る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_sc_start (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_sc_start(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  type, tick, val1;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    tick = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    val1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    int val1;
+    StatusChange type = static_cast<StatusChange>(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    interval_t tick = static_cast<interval_t>(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
+    if (tick < std::chrono::seconds(1))
+        // work around old behaviour of:
+        // speed potion
+        // atk potion
+        // matk potion
+        //
+        // which used to use seconds
+        // all others used milliseconds
+        tick *= 1000;
+    val1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
     if (st->end > st->start + 5)    //指定��キャラを状態異常��る
-        bl = map_id2bl (conv_num
-                        (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5])));
+        bl = map_id2bl(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5])));
     else
-        bl = map_id2bl (st->rid);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->state.potionpitcher_flag)
-        bl = map_id2bl (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skilltarget);
-    skill_status_change_start (bl, type, val1, 0, 0, 0, tick, 0);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 状態異常���る(確率指定)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_sc_start2 (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct block_list *bl;
-    int  type, tick, val1, per;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    tick = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    val1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    per = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    if (st->end > st->start + 6)    //指定��キャラを状態異常��る
-        bl = map_id2bl (conv_num
-                        (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6])));
-    else
-        bl = map_id2bl (st->rid);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->state.potionpitcher_flag)
-        bl = map_id2bl (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skilltarget);
-    if (MRAND (10000) < per)
-        skill_status_change_start (bl, type, val1, 0, 0, 0, tick, 0);
-    return 0;
+        bl = map_id2bl(st->rid);
+    skill_status_change_start(bl, type, val1, tick);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 状態異常�直る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_sc_end (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct block_list *bl;
-    int  type;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    bl = map_id2bl (st->rid);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->state.potionpitcher_flag)
-        bl = map_id2bl (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skilltarget);
-    skill_status_change_end (bl, type, -1);
-//  if(battle_config.etc_log)
-//      printf("sc_end : %d %d\n",st->rid,type);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_sc_check (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_sc_end(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  type;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    bl = map_id2bl (st->rid);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC
-        && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->state.potionpitcher_flag)
-        bl = map_id2bl (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skilltarget);
-
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, skill_status_change_active (bl, type));
-
-    return 0;
+    StatusChange type = StatusChange(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    bl = map_id2bl(st->rid);
+    skill_status_change_end(bl, type, nullptr);
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * 状態異常�性を計算��確率を返�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getscrate (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_sc_check(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct block_list *bl;
-    int  sc_def = 100, sc_def_mdef2, sc_def_vit2, sc_def_int2, sc_def_luk2;
-    int  type, rate, luk;
-
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    rate = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    if (st->end > st->start + 4)    //指定��キャラ��性を計算�る
-        bl = map_id2bl (conv_num
-                        (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6])));
-    else
-        bl = map_id2bl (st->rid);
-
-    luk = battle_get_luk (bl);
-    sc_def_mdef2 = 100 - (3 + battle_get_mdef (bl) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_vit2 = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit (bl) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_int2 = 100 - (3 + battle_get_int (bl) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_luk2 = 100 - (3 + luk);
-
-    if (type == SC_STONE || type == SC_FREEZE)
-        sc_def = sc_def_mdef2;
-    else if (type == SC_STAN || type == SC_POISON || type == SC_SILENCE)
-        sc_def = sc_def_vit2;
-    else if (type == SC_SLEEP || type == SC_CONFUSION || type == SC_BLIND)
-        sc_def = sc_def_int2;
-    else if (type == SC_CURSE)
-        sc_def = sc_def_luk2;
-
-    rate = rate * sc_def / 100;
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, rate);
+    StatusChange type = StatusChange(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    bl = map_id2bl(st->rid);
 
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, skill_status_change_active(bl, type));
 
 }
 
@@ -4992,371 +3254,81 @@ int buildin_getscrate (struct script_state *st)
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_debugmes (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_debugmes(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    printf ("script debug : %d %d : %s\n", st->rid, st->oid,
+    conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    PRINTF("script debug : %d %d : %s\n", st->rid, st->oid,
             st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2].u.str);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Added - AppleGirl For Advanced Classes, (Updated for Cleaner Script Purposes)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_resetlvl (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    int  type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_resetlvl (sd, type);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ステータスリセット
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_resetstatus (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_resetstatus(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_resetstate (sd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルリセット
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_resetskill (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    pc_resetskill (sd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_changebase (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  vclass;
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        sd = map_id2sd (conv_num
-                        (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
-    else
-        sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    vclass = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    if (vclass == 22 && !battle_config.wedding_modifydisplay)
-        return 0;
-
-//  if(vclass==22) {
-//      pc_unequipitem(sd,sd->equip_index[9],0);    // 装備外
-//  }
-
-    sd->view_class = vclass;
-
-    return 0;
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    pc_resetstate(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 性別変�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_changesex (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_changesex(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     if (sd->status.sex == 0)
     {
         sd->status.sex = 1;
         sd->sex = 1;
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 20 || sd->status.pc_class == 4021)
-            sd->status.pc_class -= 1;
     }
     else if (sd->status.sex == 1)
     {
         sd->status.sex = 0;
         sd->sex = 0;
-        if (sd->status.pc_class == 19 || sd->status.pc_class == 4020)
-            sd->status.pc_class += 1;
     }
-    chrif_char_ask_name (-1, sd->status.name, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); // type: 5 - changesex
-    chrif_save (sd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * npc�ャット作�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_waitingroom (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *name, *ev = "";
-    int  limit, trigger = 0, pub = 1;
-    name = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    limit = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    if (limit == 0)
-        pub = 3;
-
-    if ((st->end > st->start + 5))
-    {
-        struct script_data *data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]);
-        get_val (st, data);
-        if (data->type == ScriptCode::INT)
-        {
-            // 新Athena仕様(旧Athena仕様�互�性�り)
-            ev = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-            trigger = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // eathena仕様
-            trigger = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-            ev = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // 旧Athena仕様
-        if (st->end > st->start + 4)
-            ev = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    }
-    chat_createnpcchat ((struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid),
-                        limit, pub, trigger, name, strlen (name) + 1, ev);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * npc�ャット削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_delwaitingroom (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
-    else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-    chat_deletenpcchat (nd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * npc�ャット全員蹴り出�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int buildin_waitingroomkickall (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
-    else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-
-    if (nd == NULL
-        || (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    chat_npckickall (cd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * npc�ャットイベント有効化
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_enablewaitingroomevent (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
-    else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-
-    if (nd == NULL
-        || (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    chat_enableevent (cd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * npc�ャットイベント無効化
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_disablewaitingroomevent (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 2)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
-    else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-
-    if (nd == NULL
-        || (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    chat_disableevent (cd);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * npc�ャット状態所得
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getwaitingroomstate (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-    int  val = 0, type;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        nd = npc_name2id (conv_str
-                          (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3])));
-    else
-        nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-
-    if (nd == NULL
-        || (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)) == NULL)
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    switch (type)
-    {
-        case 0:
-            val = cd->users;
-            break;
-        case 1:
-            val = cd->limit;
-            break;
-        case 2:
-            val = cd->trigger & 0x7f;
-            break;
-        case 3:
-            val = ((cd->trigger & 0x80) > 0);
-            break;
-        case 32:
-            val = (cd->users >= cd->limit);
-            break;
-        case 33:
-            val = (cd->users >= cd->trigger);
-            break;
-
-        case 4:
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, cd->title);
-            return 0;
-        case 5:
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, cd->pass);
-            return 0;
-        case 16:
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, cd->npc_event);
-            return 0;
-    }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * �ャットメン�ー(�定人数)ワープ
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_warpwaitingpc (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  x, y, i, n;
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-    struct chat_data *cd;
-
-    if (nd == NULL
-        || (cd = (struct chat_data *) map_id2bl (nd->chat_id)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    n = cd->trigger & 0x7f;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 5)
-        n = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-
-    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = cd->usersd[0];    // リスト先頭�PCを次々�。
-
-        mapreg_setreg (add_str ("$@warpwaitingpc") + (i << 24), sd->bl.id);
-
-        if (strcmp (str, "Random") == 0)
-            pc_randomwarp (sd, 3);
-        else if (strcmp (str, "SavePoint") == 0)
-        {
-            if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noteleport)  // テレ��止
-                return 0;
-
-            pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
-                       sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y, 3);
-        }
-        else
-            pc_setpos (sd, str, x, y, 0);
-    }
-    mapreg_setreg (add_str ("$@warpwaitingpcnum"), n);
-    return 0;
+    chrif_char_ask_name(-1, sd->status.name, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); // type: 5 - changesex
+    chrif_save(sd);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * RID�アタッ�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_attachrid (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_attachrid(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    st->rid = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (map_id2sd (st->rid) != NULL));
-    return 0;
+    st->rid = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (map_id2sd(st->rid) != NULL));
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * RID�デタッ�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_detachrid (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_detachrid(ScriptState *st)
 {
     st->rid = 0;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 存在�ェック
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_isloggedin (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_isloggedin(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
-              map_id2sd (conv_num
-                         (st,
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
+              map_id2sd(conv_num(st,
                           &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]))) != NULL);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -5364,40 +3336,38 @@ int buildin_isloggedin (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 enum
-{ MF_NOMEMO, MF_NOTELEPORT, MF_NOSAVE, MF_NOBRANCH, MF_NOPENALTY,
-    MF_NOZENYPENALTY, MF_PVP, MF_PVP_NOPARTY, MF_PVP_NOGUILD, MF_GVG,
-    MF_GVG_NOPARTY, MF_NOTRADE, MF_NOSKILL, MF_NOWARP, MF_NOPVP,
-    MF_NOICEWALL,
-    MF_SNOW, MF_FOG, MF_SAKURA, MF_LEAVES, MF_RAIN
-};
-
-int buildin_setmapflagnosave (struct script_state *st)
 {
-    int  m, x, y;
-
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *str2 = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
-    if (m >= 0)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.nosave = 1;
-        memcpy (map[m].save.map, str2, 16);
-        map[m].save.x = x;
-        map[m].save.y = y;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
+    MF_NOMEMO = 0,
+    MF_NOTELEPORT = 1,
+    MF_NOSAVE = 2,
+    MF_NOBRANCH = 3,
+    MF_NOPENALTY = 4,
+    MF_NOZENYPENALTY = 5,
+    MF_PVP = 6,
+    MF_PVP_NOPARTY = 7,
+    //MF_PVP_NOGUILD = 8,
+    //MF_GVG = 9,
+    //MF_GVG_NOPARTY = 10,
+    MF_NOTRADE = 11,
+    //MF_NOSKILL = 12,
+    MF_NOWARP = 13,
+    MF_NOPVP = 14,
+    MF_NOICEWALL = 15,
+    MF_SNOW = 16,
+    MF_FOG = 17,
+    MF_SAKURA = 18,
+    MF_LEAVES = 19,
+    MF_RAIN = 20,
+};
 
-int buildin_setmapflag (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_setmapflag(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, i;
+    int m, i;
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    i = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    i = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(str);
     if (m >= 0)
     {
         switch (i)
@@ -5417,21 +3387,12 @@ int buildin_setmapflag (struct script_state *st)
             case MF_PVP_NOPARTY:
                 map[m].flag.pvp_noparty = 1;
                 break;
-            case MF_PVP_NOGUILD:
-                map[m].flag.pvp_noguild = 1;
-                break;
-            case MF_GVG_NOPARTY:
-                map[m].flag.gvg_noparty = 1;
-                break;
             case MF_NOZENYPENALTY:
                 map[m].flag.nozenypenalty = 1;
                 break;
             case MF_NOTRADE:
                 map[m].flag.notrade = 1;
                 break;
-            case MF_NOSKILL:
-                map[m].flag.noskill = 1;
-                break;
             case MF_NOWARP:
                 map[m].flag.nowarp = 1;
                 break;
@@ -5459,16 +3420,16 @@ int buildin_setmapflag (struct script_state *st)
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_removemapflag (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_removemapflag(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, i;
+    int m, i;
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    i = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    i = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(str);
     if (m >= 0)
     {
         switch (i)
@@ -5491,18 +3452,9 @@ int buildin_removemapflag (struct script_state *st)
             case MF_PVP_NOPARTY:
                 map[m].flag.pvp_noparty = 0;
                 break;
-            case MF_PVP_NOGUILD:
-                map[m].flag.pvp_noguild = 0;
-                break;
-            case MF_GVG_NOPARTY:
-                map[m].flag.gvg_noparty = 0;
-                break;
             case MF_NOZENYPENALTY:
                 map[m].flag.nozenypenalty = 0;
                 break;
-            case MF_NOSKILL:
-                map[m].flag.noskill = 0;
-                break;
             case MF_NOWARP:
                 map[m].flag.nowarp = 0;
                 break;
@@ -5531,34 +3483,96 @@ int buildin_removemapflag (struct script_state *st)
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_pvpon (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getmapflag(ScriptState *st)
+{
+    int m, i, r = -1;
+
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    i = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(str);
+    if (m >= 0)
+    {
+        switch (i)
+        {
+            case MF_NOMEMO:
+                r = map[m].flag.nomemo;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOTELEPORT:
+                r = map[m].flag.noteleport;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOSAVE:
+                r = map[m].flag.nosave;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOBRANCH:
+                r = map[m].flag.nobranch;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOPENALTY:
+                r = map[m].flag.nopenalty;
+                break;
+            case MF_PVP_NOPARTY:
+                r = map[m].flag.pvp_noparty;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOZENYPENALTY:
+                r = map[m].flag.nozenypenalty;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOWARP:
+                r = map[m].flag.nowarp;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOPVP:
+                r = map[m].flag.nopvp;
+                break;
+            case MF_NOICEWALL: // [Valaris]
+                r = map[m].flag.noicewall;
+                break;
+            case MF_SNOW:      // [Valaris]
+                r = map[m].flag.snow;
+                break;
+            case MF_FOG:       // [Valaris]
+                r = map[m].flag.fog;
+                break;
+            case MF_SAKURA:    // [Valaris]
+                r = map[m].flag.sakura;
+                break;
+            case MF_LEAVES:    // [Valaris]
+                r = map[m].flag.leaves;
+                break;
+            case MF_RAIN:      // [Valaris]
+                r = map[m].flag.rain;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, r);
+}
+
+static
+void builtin_pvpon(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, i;
+    int m, i;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(str);
     if (m >= 0 && !map[m].flag.pvp && !map[m].flag.nopvp)
     {
         map[m].flag.pvp = 1;
-        clif_send0199 (m, 1);
 
         if (battle_config.pk_mode)  // disable ranking functions if pk_mode is on [Valaris]
-            return 0;
+            return;
 
         for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {                       //人数分ループ
             if (session[i] && (pl_sd = (struct map_session_data *)session[i]->session_data)
                 && pl_sd->state.auth)
             {
-                if (m == pl_sd->bl.m && pl_sd->pvp_timer == -1)
+                if (m == pl_sd->bl.m && !pl_sd->pvp_timer)
                 {
-                    pl_sd->pvp_timer =
-                        add_timer (gettick () + 200, pc_calc_pvprank_timer,
-                                   pl_sd->bl.id, 0);
+                    pl_sd->pvp_timer = Timer(gettick() + std::chrono::milliseconds(200),
+                            std::bind(pc_calc_pvprank_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                                pl_sd->bl.id));
                     pl_sd->pvp_rank = 0;
                     pl_sd->pvp_lastusers = 0;
                     pl_sd->pvp_point = 5;
@@ -5567,23 +3581,22 @@ int buildin_pvpon (struct script_state *st)
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_pvpoff (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_pvpoff(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  m, i;
+    int m, i;
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    m = map_mapname2mapid(str);
     if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.pvp && map[m].flag.nopvp)
     {
         map[m].flag.pvp = 0;
-        clif_send0199 (m, 0);
 
         if (battle_config.pk_mode)  // disable ranking options if pk_mode is on [Valaris]
-            return 0;
+            return;
 
         for (i = 0; i < fd_max; i++)
         {                       //人数分ループ
@@ -5592,1124 +3605,297 @@ int buildin_pvpoff (struct script_state *st)
             {
                 if (m == pl_sd->bl.m)
                 {
-                    clif_pvpset (pl_sd, 0, 0, 2);
-                    if (pl_sd->pvp_timer != -1)
-                    {
-                        delete_timer (pl_sd->pvp_timer,
-                                      pc_calc_pvprank_timer);
-                        pl_sd->pvp_timer = -1;
-                    }
+                    pl_sd->pvp_timer.cancel();
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_gvgon (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  m;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
-    if (m >= 0 && !map[m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.gvg = 1;
-        clif_send0199 (m, 3);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_gvgoff (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  m;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    m = map_mapname2mapid (str);
-    if (m >= 0 && map[m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        map[m].flag.gvg = 0;
-        clif_send0199 (m, 0);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- *	NPCエモーション
+ *      NPCエモーション
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_emotion (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_emotion(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type;
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    int type;
+    type = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
     if (type < 0 || type > 100)
-        return 0;
-    clif_emotion (map_id2bl (st->oid), type);
-    return 0;
+        return;
+    clif_emotion(map_id2bl(st->oid), type);
 }
 
 static
-int buildin_maprespawnguildid_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_mapwarp(ScriptState *st)   // Added by RoVeRT
 {
-    int  g_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    int  flag = va_arg (ap, int);
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct mob_data *md = NULL;
+    int x, y, m;
+    int x0, y0, x1, y1;
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-        md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-
-    if (sd)
-    {
-        if ((sd->status.guild_id == g_id) && (flag & 1))
-            pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
-                       sd->status.save_point.y, 3);
-        else if ((sd->status.guild_id != g_id) && (flag & 2))
-            pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x,
-                       sd->status.save_point.y, 3);
-        else if (sd->status.guild_id == 0)  // Warp out players not in guild [Valaris]
-            pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map, sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y, 3); // end addition [Valaris]
-    }
-    if (md && flag & 4)
-    {
-        if (md->mob_class < 1285 || md->mob_class > 1288)
-            mob_delete (md);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_maprespawnguildid (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  g_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    int  flag = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-
-    int  m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname);
-
-    if (m)
-        map_foreachinarea (buildin_maprespawnguildid_sub, m, 0, 0,
-                           map[m].xs - 1, map[m].ys - 1, BL_NUL, g_id, flag);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_agitstart (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    if (agit_flag == 1)
-        return 1;               // Agit already Start.
-    agit_flag = 1;
-    guild_agit_start ();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_agitend (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    if (agit_flag == 0)
-        return 1;               // Agit already End.
-    agit_flag = 0;
-    guild_agit_end ();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * agitcheck 1;    // choice script
- * if(@agit_flag == 1) goto agit;
- * if(agitcheck(0) == 1) goto agit;
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_agitcheck (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  cond;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    cond = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    if (cond == 0)
-    {
-        if (agit_flag == 1)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-        if (agit_flag == 0)
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (agit_flag == 1)
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@agit_flag"), 1);
-        if (agit_flag == 0)
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@agit_flag"), 0);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_flagemblem (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  g_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    if (g_id < 0)
-        return 0;
-
-//  printf("Script.c: [FlagEmblem] GuildID=%d, Emblem=%d.\n", g->guild_id, g->emblem_id);
-    ((struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid))->u.scr.guild_id = g_id;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int buildin_getcastlename (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-    int  i;
-    char *buf = NULL;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-    {
-        if ((gc = guild_castle_search (i)) != NULL)
-        {
-            if (strcmp (mapname, gc->map_name) == 0)
-            {
-                buf = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
-                strncpy (buf, gc->castle_name, 23);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (buf)
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
-    else
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, "");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_getcastledata (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  index = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    const char *event = NULL;
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-    int  i, j;
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 4 && index == 0)
-    {
-        for (i = 0, j = -1; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-            if ((gc = guild_castle_search (i)) != NULL &&
-                strcmp (mapname, gc->map_name) == 0)
-                j = i;
-        if (j >= 0)
-        {
-            event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-            guild_addcastleinfoevent (j, 17, event);
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-    {
-        if ((gc = guild_castle_search (i)) != NULL)
-        {
-            if (strcmp (mapname, gc->map_name) == 0)
-            {
-                switch (index)
-                {
-                    case 0:
-                        for (j = 1; j < 26; j++)
-                            guild_castledataload (gc->castle_id, j);
-                        break;  // Initialize[AgitInit]
-                    case 1:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->guild_id);
-                        break;
-                    case 2:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->economy);
-                        break;
-                    case 3:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->defense);
-                        break;
-                    case 4:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->triggerE);
-                        break;
-                    case 5:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->triggerD);
-                        break;
-                    case 6:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->nextTime);
-                        break;
-                    case 7:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->payTime);
-                        break;
-                    case 8:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->createTime);
-                        break;
-                    case 9:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleC);
-                        break;
-                    case 10:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG0);
-                        break;
-                    case 11:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG1);
-                        break;
-                    case 12:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG2);
-                        break;
-                    case 13:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG3);
-                        break;
-                    case 14:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG4);
-                        break;
-                    case 15:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG5);
-                        break;
-                    case 16:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG6);
-                        break;
-                    case 17:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->visibleG7);
-                        break;
-                    case 18:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp0);
-                        break;
-                    case 19:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp1);
-                        break;
-                    case 20:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp2);
-                        break;
-                    case 21:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp3);
-                        break;
-                    case 22:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp4);
-                        break;
-                    case 23:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp5);
-                        break;
-                    case 24:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp6);
-                        break;
-                    case 25:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp7);
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-                        break;
-                }
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_setcastledata (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  index = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    int  value = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    struct guild_castle *gc;
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILDCASTLE; i++)
-    {
-        if ((gc = guild_castle_search (i)) != NULL)
-        {
-            if (strcmp (mapname, gc->map_name) == 0)
-            {
-                // Save Data byself First
-                switch (index)
-                {
-                    case 1:
-                        gc->guild_id = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 2:
-                        gc->economy = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 3:
-                        gc->defense = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 4:
-                        gc->triggerE = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 5:
-                        gc->triggerD = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 6:
-                        gc->nextTime = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 7:
-                        gc->payTime = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 8:
-                        gc->createTime = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 9:
-                        gc->visibleC = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 10:
-                        gc->visibleG0 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 11:
-                        gc->visibleG1 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 12:
-                        gc->visibleG2 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 13:
-                        gc->visibleG3 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 14:
-                        gc->visibleG4 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 15:
-                        gc->visibleG5 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 16:
-                        gc->visibleG6 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 17:
-                        gc->visibleG7 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 18:
-                        gc->Ghp0 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 19:
-                        gc->Ghp1 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 20:
-                        gc->Ghp2 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 21:
-                        gc->Ghp3 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 22:
-                        gc->Ghp4 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 23:
-                        gc->Ghp5 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 24:
-                        gc->Ghp6 = value;
-                        break;
-                    case 25:
-                        gc->Ghp7 = value;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        return 0;
-                }
-                guild_castledatasave (gc->castle_id, index, value);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* =====================================================================
- * ギルド情報を�求�る
- * ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_requestguildinfo (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  guild_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *event = NULL;
-
-    if (st->end > st->start + 3)
-        event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-
-    if (guild_id > 0)
-        guild_npc_request_info (guild_id, event);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* =====================================================================
- * カード�数を得る
- * ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_getequipcardcnt (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  c = 4;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00ff)
-    {                           // 製造武器�カード��
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        if ((sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1] > 4000) &&
-            (sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1] < 5000))
-        {
-
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (c));
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-    while (c--);
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* ================================================================
- * カード�り外��功
- * ----------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_successremovecards (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num, cardflag = 0, flag;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct item item_tmp;
-    int  c = 4;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00ff)
-    {                           // 製造武器�処����
-        return 0;
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        if ((sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1] > 4000) &&
-            (sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1] < 5000))
-        {
-
-            cardflag = 1;
-            item_tmp.id = 0, item_tmp.nameid =
-                sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1];
-            item_tmp.equip = 0, item_tmp.identify = 1, item_tmp.refine = 0;
-            item_tmp.attribute = 0;
-            item_tmp.card[0] = 0, item_tmp.card[1] = 0, item_tmp.card[2] =
-                0, item_tmp.card[3] = 0;
-
-            if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1)))
-            {                   // �����らドロップ
-                clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-                map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                                  NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    while (c--);
-
-    if (cardflag == 1)
-    {                           // カードを�り除��アイテム所得
-        flag = 0;
-        item_tmp.id = 0, item_tmp.nameid = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-        item_tmp.equip = 0, item_tmp.identify = 1, item_tmp.refine =
-            sd->status.inventory[i].refine;
-        item_tmp.attribute = sd->status.inventory[i].attribute;
-        item_tmp.card[0] = 0, item_tmp.card[1] = 0, item_tmp.card[2] =
-            0, item_tmp.card[3] = 0;
-        pc_delitem (sd, i, 1, 0);
-        if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1)))
-        {                       // も����らドロップ
-            clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-            map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                              NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-        }
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 3);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* ================================================================
- * カード�り外�失敗 slot,type
- * type=0: 両方�失�1:カード�失�2:武具�失�3:�失無�
- * ----------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_failedremovecards (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i, num, cardflag = 0, flag, typefail;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct item item_tmp;
-    int  c = 4;
-
-    num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    typefail = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    i = pc_checkequip (sd, equip[num - 1]);
-    if (sd->status.inventory[i].card[0] == 0x00ff)
-    {                           // 製造武器�処����
-        return 0;
-    }
-    do
-    {
-        if ((sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1] > 4000) &&
-            (sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1] < 5000))
-        {
-
-            cardflag = 1;
-
-            if (typefail == 2)
-            {                   // 武具���失�ら�カード����ら�る
-                item_tmp.id = 0, item_tmp.nameid =
-                    sd->status.inventory[i].card[c - 1];
-                item_tmp.equip = 0, item_tmp.identify = 1, item_tmp.refine =
-                    0;
-                item_tmp.attribute = 0;
-                item_tmp.card[0] = 0, item_tmp.card[1] = 0, item_tmp.card[2] =
-                    0, item_tmp.card[3] = 0;
-                if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1)))
-                {
-                    clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-                    map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x,
-                                      sd->bl.y, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    while (c--);
-
-    if (cardflag == 1)
-    {
-
-        if (typefail == 0 || typefail == 2)
-        {                       // 武具�失
-            pc_delitem (sd, i, 1, 0);
-            clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 2);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (typefail == 1)
-        {                       // カード���失（武具を返�）
-            flag = 0;
-            item_tmp.id = 0, item_tmp.nameid = sd->status.inventory[i].nameid;
-            item_tmp.equip = 0, item_tmp.identify = 1, item_tmp.refine =
-                sd->status.inventory[i].refine;
-            item_tmp.attribute = sd->status.inventory[i].attribute;
-            item_tmp.card[0] = 0, item_tmp.card[1] = 0, item_tmp.card[2] =
-                0, item_tmp.card[3] = 0;
-            pc_delitem (sd, i, 1, 0);
-            if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1)))
-            {
-                clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-                map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                                  NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-            }
-        }
-        clif_misceffect (&sd->bl, 2);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_mapwarp (struct script_state *st)   // Added by RoVeRT
-{
-    int  x, y, m;
-    int  x0, y0, x1, y1;
-
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
     x0 = 0;
     y0 = 0;
-    x1 = map[map_mapname2mapid (mapname)].xs;
-    y1 = map[map_mapname2mapid (mapname)].ys;
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_areawarp_sub,
-                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_PC, str, x, y);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_cmdothernpc (struct script_state *st)   // Added by RoVeRT
-{
-    const char *npc = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *command = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    x1 = map[map_mapname2mapid(mapname)].xs;
+    y1 = map[map_mapname2mapid(mapname)].ys;
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
 
-    npc_command (map_id2sd (st->rid), npc, command);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_inittimer (struct script_state *st) // Added by RoVeRT
-{
-//  struct npc_data *nd=(struct npc_data*)map_id2bl(st->oid);
-
-//  nd->lastaction=nd->timer=gettick();
-    npc_do_ontimer (st->oid, map_id2sd (st->rid), 1);
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
+        return;
 
-    return 0;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_areawarp_sub, ph::_1, str, x, y),
+            m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL::PC);
 }
 
-int buildin_stoptimer (struct script_state *st) // Added by RoVeRT
+static
+void builtin_cmdothernpc(ScriptState *st)   // Added by RoVeRT
 {
-//  struct npc_data *nd=(struct npc_data*)map_id2bl(st->oid);
+    const char *npc = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *command = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
-//  nd->lastaction=nd->timer=-1;
-    npc_do_ontimer (st->oid, map_id2sd (st->rid), 0);
-
-    return 0;
+    npc_command(map_id2sd(st->rid), npc, command);
 }
 
 static
-int buildin_mobcount_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)    // Added by RoVeRT
+void builtin_mobcount_sub(struct block_list *bl, const char *event, int *c)
 {
-    char *event = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    int *c = va_arg (ap, int *);
-
-    if (strcmp (event, ((struct mob_data *) bl)->npc_event) == 0)
+    if (strcmp(event, ((struct mob_data *) bl)->npc_event) == 0)
         (*c)++;
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_mobcount (struct script_state *st)  // Added by RoVeRT
+static
+void builtin_mobcount(ScriptState *st)  // Added by RoVeRT
 {
-    int  m, c = 0;
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    int m, c = 0;
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
+        return;
     }
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_mobcount_sub,
-                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL_MOB, event, &c);
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_mobcount_sub, ph::_1, event, &c),
+                       m, 0, 0, map[m].xs, map[m].ys, BL::MOB);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (c - 1));
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, (c - 1));
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_marriage (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_marriage(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    const char *partner = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    struct map_session_data *p_sd = map_nick2sd (partner);
+    const char *partner = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    struct map_session_data *p_sd = map_nick2sd(partner);
 
-    if (sd == NULL || p_sd == NULL || pc_marriage (sd, p_sd) < 0)
+    if (sd == NULL || p_sd == NULL || pc_marriage(sd, p_sd) < 0)
     {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        return;
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_wedding_effect (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    clif_wedding_effect (&sd->bl);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
 }
 
-int buildin_divorce (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_divorce(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     st->state = STOP;           // rely on pc_divorce to restart
 
     sd->npc_flags.divorce = 1;
 
-    if (sd == NULL || pc_divorce (sd) < 0)
-    {
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*================================================
- * Script for Displaying MOB Information [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_strmobinfo (struct script_state *st)
-{
-
-    int  num = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  mob_class = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-
-    if (num <= 0 || num >= 8 || (mob_class >= 0 && mob_class <= 1000) || mob_class > 2000)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (num == 1)
-    {
-        char *buf;
-        buf = mob_db[mob_class].name;
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else if (num == 2)
+    if (sd == NULL || pc_divorce(sd) < 0)
     {
-        char *buf;
-        buf = mob_db[mob_class].jname;
-        push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, buf);
-        return 0;
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        return;
     }
-    else if (num == 3)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, mob_db[mob_class].lv);
-    else if (num == 4)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, mob_db[mob_class].max_hp);
-    else if (num == 5)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, mob_db[mob_class].max_sp);
-    else if (num == 6)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, mob_db[mob_class].base_exp);
-    else if (num == 7)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, mob_db[mob_class].job_exp);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Summon guardians [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_guardian (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  mob_class = 0, amount = 1, x = 0, y = 0, guardian = 0;
-    const char *event = "";
-
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    mob_class = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    amount = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
-    event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
-    if (st->end > st->start + 9)
-        guardian = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 9]));
 
-    mob_spawn_guardian (map_id2sd (st->rid), mapname, x, y, str, mob_class, amount,
-                        event, guardian);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*================================================
- * Script for Displaying Guardian Info [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_guardianinfo (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  guardian = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    struct guild_castle *gc = guild_mapname2gc (map[sd->bl.m].name);
-
-    if (guardian == 0 && gc->visibleG0 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp0);
-    if (guardian == 1 && gc->visibleG1 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp1);
-    if (guardian == 2 && gc->visibleG2 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp2);
-    if (guardian == 3 && gc->visibleG3 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp3);
-    if (guardian == 4 && gc->visibleG4 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp4);
-    if (guardian == 5 && gc->visibleG5 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp5);
-    if (guardian == 6 && gc->visibleG6 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp6);
-    if (guardian == 7 && gc->visibleG7 == 1)
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, gc->Ghp7);
-    else
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, -1);
-
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ID�らItem�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getitemname (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getitemname(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct item_data *i_data;
     char *item_name;
     struct script_data *data;
 
     data = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]);
-    get_val (st, data);
+    get_val(st, data);
     if (data->type == ScriptCode::STR || data->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
     {
-        const char *name = conv_str (st, data);
-        i_data = itemdb_searchname (name);
+        const char *name = conv_str(st, data);
+        i_data = itemdb_searchname(name);
     }
     else
     {
-        int  item_id = conv_num (st, data);
-        i_data = itemdb_search (item_id);
+        int item_id = conv_num(st, data);
+        i_data = itemdb_search(item_id);
     }
 
-    item_name = (char *) calloc (24, 1);
+    item_name = (char *) calloc(24, 1);
     if (i_data)
-        strncpy (item_name, i_data->jname, 23);
+        strncpy(item_name, i_data->jname, 23);
     else
-        strncpy (item_name, "Unknown Item", 23);
+        strncpy(item_name, "Unknown Item", 23);
 
-    push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, item_name);
+    push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, item_name);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_getspellinvocation (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    const char *name = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    const char *invocation = magic_find_invocation (name);
-    if (!invocation)
-        invocation = "...";
-
-    push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, strdup (invocation));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_getanchorinvocation (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getspellinvocation(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    const char *name = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *name = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
-    const char *invocation = magic_find_anchor_invocation (name);
+    const char *invocation = magic_find_invocation(name);
     if (!invocation)
         invocation = "...";
 
-    push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, strdup (invocation));
-    return 0;
+    push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, strdup(invocation));
 }
 
-int buildin_getpartnerid (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getpartnerid2(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.partner_id);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->status.partner_id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * PC�所��情報読��り
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_getinventorylist (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getinventorylist(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  i, j = 0;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    int i, j = 0;
     if (!sd)
-        return 0;
+        return;
     for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
     {
         if (sd->status.inventory[i].nameid > 0
             && sd->status.inventory[i].amount > 0)
         {
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_id") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_id") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].nameid);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_amount") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_amount") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].amount);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_equip") + (j << 24),
-                       sd->status.inventory[i].equip);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_refine") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_equip") + (j << 24),
+                       uint16_t(sd->status.inventory[i].equip));
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_refine") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].refine);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_identify") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_identify") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].identify);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_attribute") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_attribute") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].attribute);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_card1") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_card1") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].card[0]);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_card2") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_card2") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].card[1]);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_card3") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_card3") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].card[2]);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_card4") + (j << 24),
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_card4") + (j << 24),
                        sd->status.inventory[i].card[3]);
             j++;
         }
     }
-    pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@inventorylist_count"), j);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_getskilllist (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  i, j = 0;
-    if (!sd)
-        return 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.skill[i].id > 0 && sd->status.skill[i].lv > 0)
-        {
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_id") + (j << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[i].id);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_lv") + (j << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[i].lv);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_flag") + (j << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[i].flags);
-            j++;
-        }
-    }
-    pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_count"), j);
-    return 0;
+    pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@inventorylist_count"), j);
 }
 
-int buildin_get_activated_pool_skills (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getactivatedpoolskilllist(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  pool_skills[MAX_SKILL_POOL];
-    int  skill_pool_size = skill_pool (sd, pool_skills);
-    int  i, count = 0;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    SkillID pool_skills[MAX_SKILL_POOL];
+    int skill_pool_size = skill_pool(sd, pool_skills);
+    int i, count = 0;
 
     if (!sd)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
     for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_size; i++)
     {
-        int  skill_id = pool_skills[i];
-
-        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].id == skill_id)
-        {
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_id") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].id);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_lv") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_flag") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags);
-            pc_setregstr (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_name$") + (count << 24),
-                          skill_name (skill_id));
-            ++count;
-        }
-    }
-    pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_count"), count);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-extern int skill_pool_skills[];
-extern int skill_pool_skills_size;
-
-int buildin_get_unactivated_pool_skills (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  i, count = 0;
-
-    if (!sd)
-        return 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_skills_size; i++)
-    {
-        int  skill_id = skill_pool_skills[i];
+        SkillID skill_id = pool_skills[i];
 
-        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].id == skill_id && !(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED))
+        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv)
         {
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_id") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].id);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_lv") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_flag") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags);
-            pc_setregstr (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_name$") + (count << 24),
-                          skill_name (skill_id));
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_id") + (count << 24),
+                    static_cast<uint16_t>(skill_id));
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_lv") + (count << 24),
+                    sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_flag") + (count << 24),
+                    static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags));
+            pc_setregstr(sd, add_str("@skilllist_name$") + (count << 24),
+                    skill_name(skill_id));
             ++count;
         }
     }
-    pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_count"), count);
+    pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_count"), count);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_get_pool_skills (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getunactivatedpoolskilllist(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  i, count = 0;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    int i, count = 0;
 
     if (!sd)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
     for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_skills_size; i++)
     {
-        int  skill_id = skill_pool_skills[i];
+        SkillID skill_id = skill_pool_skills[i];
 
-        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].id == skill_id)
+        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv
+            && !bool(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED))
         {
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_id") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].id);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_lv") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_flag") + (count << 24),
-                       sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags);
-            pc_setregstr (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_name$") + (count << 24),
-                          skill_name (skill_id));
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_id") + (count << 24),
+                    static_cast<uint16_t>(skill_id));
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_lv") + (count << 24),
+                    sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv);
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_flag") + (count << 24),
+                    static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags));
+            pc_setregstr(sd, add_str("@skilllist_name$") + (count << 24),
+                    skill_name(skill_id));
             ++count;
         }
     }
-    pc_setreg (sd, add_str ("@skilllist_count"), count);
-
-    return 0;
+    pc_setreg(sd, add_str("@skilllist_count"), count);
 }
 
-int buildin_activate_pool_skill (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  skill_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    skill_pool_activate (sd, skill_id);
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_deactivate_pool_skill (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  skill_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    skill_pool_deactivate (sd, skill_id);
-    clif_skillinfoblock (sd);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_check_pool_skill (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_poolskill(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  skill_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    SkillID skill_id = SkillID(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, skill_pool_is_activated (sd, skill_id));
+    skill_pool_activate(sd, skill_id);
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int buildin_clearitem (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  i;
-    if (sd == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
-            pc_delitem (sd, i, sd->status.inventory[i].amount, 0);
-    }
-    return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * NPCクラス�ェンジ
- * class�変�り��class
- * type�通常0����？
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_classchange (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_unpoolskill(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  npc_class, type;
-    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl (st->oid);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    SkillID skill_id = SkillID(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
 
-    if (bl == NULL)
-        return 0;
+    skill_pool_deactivate(sd, skill_id);
+    clif_skillinfoblock(sd);
 
-    npc_class = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    clif_npc_class_change (bl, npc_class, type);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6723,123 +3909,82 @@ int buildin_classchange (struct script_state *st)
  *  the current NPC or invoking PC.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_misceffect (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_misceffect(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type;
-    int  id = 0;
+    int type;
+    int id = 0;
     const char *name = NULL;
     struct block_list *bl = NULL;
 
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    type = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
     if (st->end > st->start + 3)
     {
         struct script_data *sdata = &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]);
 
-        get_val (st, sdata);
+        get_val(st, sdata);
 
         if (sdata->type == ScriptCode::STR || sdata->type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
-            name = conv_str (st, sdata);
+            name = conv_str(st, sdata);
         else
-            id = conv_num (st, sdata);
+            id = conv_num(st, sdata);
     }
 
     if (name)
     {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_nick2sd (name);
+        struct map_session_data *sd = map_nick2sd(name);
         if (sd)
             bl = &sd->bl;
     }
     else if (id)
-        bl = map_id2bl (id);
+        bl = map_id2bl(id);
     else if (st->oid)
-        bl = map_id2bl (st->oid);
+        bl = map_id2bl(st->oid);
     else
     {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+        struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
         if (sd)
             bl = &sd->bl;
     }
 
     if (bl)
-        clif_misceffect (bl, type);
+        clif_misceffect(bl, type);
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * サウンドエフェクト
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_soundeffect (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  type = 0;
-
-    const char *name = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    if (sd)
-    {
-        if (st->oid)
-            clif_soundeffect (sd, map_id2bl (st->oid), name, type);
-        else
-        {
-            clif_soundeffect (sd, &sd->bl, name, type);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * NPC skill effects [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int buildin_npcskilleffect (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-
-    int  skillid = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    int  skilllv = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    int  x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    int  y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-
-    clif_skill_poseffect (&nd->bl, skillid, skilllv, x, y, gettick ());
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Special effects [Valaris]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_specialeffect (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_specialeffect(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl (st->oid);
+    struct block_list *bl = map_id2bl(st->oid);
 
     if (bl == NULL)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
-    clif_specialeffect (bl,
-                        conv_num (st,
+    clif_specialeffect(bl,
+                        conv_num(st,
                                   &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])),
                         0);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
-int buildin_specialeffect2 (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_specialeffect2(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     if (sd == NULL)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
-    clif_specialeffect (&sd->bl,
-                        conv_num (st,
+    clif_specialeffect(&sd->bl,
+                        conv_num(st,
                                   &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])),
                         0);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6847,20 +3992,19 @@ int buildin_specialeffect2 (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_nude (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_nude(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    int  i;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
     if (sd == NULL)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
+    for (EQUIP i : EQUIPs)
         if (sd->equip_index[i] >= 0)
-            pc_unequipitem (sd, sd->equip_index[i], i);
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+            pc_unequipitem(sd, sd->equip_index[i], CalcStatus::LATER);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6868,20 +4012,21 @@ int buildin_nude (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_unequip_by_id (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_unequipbyid(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     if (sd == NULL)
-        return 0;
+        return;
 
-    int  slot_id = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    EQUIP slot_id = EQUIP(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
 
-    if (slot_id >= 0 && slot_id < 11 && sd->equip_index[slot_id] >= 0)
-        pc_unequipitem (sd, sd->equip_index[slot_id], slot_id);
+    if (slot_id >= EQUIP() && slot_id < EQUIP::COUNT
+        && sd->equip_index[slot_id] >= 0)
+        pc_unequipitem(sd, sd->equip_index[slot_id], CalcStatus::LATER);
 
-    pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+    pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6891,36 +4036,16 @@ int buildin_unequip_by_id (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_gmcommand (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-    const char *cmd = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-
-    is_atcommand (sd->fd, sd, cmd, 99);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * movenpc [MouseJstr]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-int buildin_movenpc (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_gmcommand(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  x, y;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+    const char *cmd = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    const char *npc = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    is_atcommand(sd->fd, sd, cmd, 99);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6928,18 +4053,19 @@ int buildin_movenpc (struct script_state *st)
  * Move NPC to a new position on the same map.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_npcwarp (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_npcwarp(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x, y;
+    int x, y;
     struct npc_data *nd = NULL;
 
-    x = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    y = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    const char *npc = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    nd = npc_name2id (npc);
+    x = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    y = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    const char *npc = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    nd = npc_name2id(npc);
 
     if (!nd)
-        return -1;
+        return;
 
     short m = nd->bl.m;
 
@@ -6947,16 +4073,15 @@ int buildin_npcwarp (struct script_state *st)
     if (m < 0 || !nd->bl.prev
             || x < 0 || x > map[m].xs -1
             || y < 0 || y > map[m].ys - 1)
-        return -1;
+        return;
 
-    npc_enable (npc, 0);
+    npc_enable(npc, 0);
     map_delblock(&nd->bl); /* [Freeyorp] */
     nd->bl.x = x;
     nd->bl.y = y;
     map_addblock(&nd->bl);
-    npc_enable (npc, 1);
+    npc_enable(npc, 1);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6964,18 +4089,18 @@ int buildin_npcwarp (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_message (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_message(ScriptState *st)
 {
     struct map_session_data *pl_sd = NULL;
 
-    const char *player = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *msg = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    const char *player = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *msg = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
 
-    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd ((char *) player)) == NULL)
-        return 1;
-    clif_displaymessage (pl_sd->fd, msg);
+    if ((pl_sd = map_nick2sd(player)) == NULL)
+        return;
+    clif_displaymessage(pl_sd->fd, msg);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -6984,129 +4109,99 @@ int buildin_message (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int buildin_npctalk (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_npctalk(ScriptState *st)
 {
     char message[255];
 
-    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl (st->oid);
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    struct npc_data *nd = (struct npc_data *) map_id2bl(st->oid);
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
     if (nd)
     {
-        memcpy (message, nd->name, 24);
-        strcat (message, " : ");
-        strcat (message, str);
-        clif_message (&(nd->bl), message);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * hasitems (checks to see if player has any
- * items on them, if so will return a 1)
- * [Valaris]
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-int buildin_hasitems (struct script_state *st)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd->status.inventory[i].amount)
-        {
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 1);
-            return 0;
-        }
+        memcpy(message, nd->name, 24);
+        strcat(message, " : ");
+        strcat(message, str);
+        clif_message(&nd->bl, message);
     }
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
   * getlook char info. getlook(arg)
   *------------------------------------------
   */
-int buildin_getlook (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getlook(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  type, val;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    val = -1;
+    LOOK type = LOOK(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    int val = -1;
     switch (type)
     {
-        case LOOK_HAIR:        //1
+        case LOOK::HAIR:        //1
             val = sd->status.hair;
             break;
-        case LOOK_WEAPON:      //2
-            val = sd->status.weapon;
+        case LOOK::WEAPON:      //2
+            val = static_cast<uint16_t>(sd->status.weapon);
             break;
-        case LOOK_HEAD_BOTTOM: //3
+        case LOOK::HEAD_BOTTOM: //3
             val = sd->status.head_bottom;
             break;
-        case LOOK_HEAD_TOP:    //4
+        case LOOK::HEAD_TOP:    //4
             val = sd->status.head_top;
             break;
-        case LOOK_HEAD_MID:    //5
+        case LOOK::HEAD_MID:    //5
             val = sd->status.head_mid;
             break;
-        case LOOK_HAIR_COLOR:  //6
+        case LOOK::HAIR_COLOR:  //6
             val = sd->status.hair_color;
             break;
-        case LOOK_CLOTHES_COLOR:   //7
+        case LOOK::CLOTHES_COLOR:   //7
             val = sd->status.clothes_color;
             break;
-        case LOOK_SHIELD:      //8
+        case LOOK::SHIELD:      //8
             val = sd->status.shield;
             break;
-        case LOOK_SHOES:       //9
+        case LOOK::SHOES:       //9
             break;
     }
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, val);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
   *     get char save point. argument: 0- map name, 1- x, 2- y
   *------------------------------------------
 */
-int buildin_getsavepoint (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getsavepoint(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x, y, type;
+    int x, y, type;
     char *mapname;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
 
-    sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    type = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    type = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
 
     x = sd->status.save_point.x;
     y = sd->status.save_point.y;
     switch (type)
     {
         case 0:
-            mapname = (char*)calloc (24, 1);
-            strncpy (mapname, sd->status.save_point.map, 23);
-            push_str (st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, mapname);
+            mapname = (char*)calloc(24, 1);
+            strncpy(mapname, sd->status.save_point.map, 23);
+            push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::STR, mapname);
             break;
         case 1:
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, x);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, x);
             break;
         case 2:
-            push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, y);
+            push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, y);
             break;
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7114,142 +4209,144 @@ int buildin_getsavepoint (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int buildin_areatimer_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void builtin_areatimer_sub(struct block_list *bl, interval_t tick, const char *event)
 {
-    int  tick;
-    char *event;
-    tick = va_arg (ap, int);
-    event = va_arg (ap, char *);
-    pc_addeventtimer ((struct map_session_data *) bl, tick, event);
-    return 0;
+    pc_addeventtimer((struct map_session_data *) bl, tick, event);
 }
 
-int buildin_areatimer (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_areatimer(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  tick, m;
-    int  x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    int m;
+    int x0, y0, x1, y1;
 
-    const char *mapname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y0 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
-    tick = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7]));
-    const char *event = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
+    const char *mapname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y0 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    interval_t tick = static_cast<interval_t>(conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 7])));
+    const char *event = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 8]));
 
-    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid (mapname)) < 0)
-        return 0;
+    if ((m = map_mapname2mapid(mapname)) < 0)
+        return;
 
-    map_foreachinarea (buildin_areatimer_sub,
-                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL_PC, tick, event);
-    return 0;
+    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(builtin_areatimer_sub, ph::_1, tick, event),
+                       m, x0, y0, x1, y1, BL::PC);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Check whether the PC is in the specified rectangle
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_isin (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_isin(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  x1, y1, x2, y2;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    int x1, y1, x2, y2;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    const char *str = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    x1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    y1 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    x2 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
-    y2 = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
+    const char *str = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    x1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    y1 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    x2 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 5]));
+    y2 = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 6]));
 
     if (!sd)
-        return 1;
+        return;
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT,
               (sd->bl.x >= x1 && sd->bl.x <= x2)
               && (sd->bl.y >= y1 && sd->bl.y <= y2)
-              && (!strcmp (str, map[sd->bl.m].name)));
+              && (!strcmp(str, map[sd->bl.m].name)));
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 // Trigger the shop on a (hopefully) nearby shop NPC
-int buildin_shop (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_shop(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
     struct npc_data *nd;
 
     if (!sd)
-        return 1;
+        return;
 
-    nd = npc_name2id (conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
+    nd = npc_name2id(conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2])));
     if (!nd)
-        return 1;
+        return;
 
-    buildin_close (st);
-    clif_npcbuysell (sd, nd->bl.id);
-    return 0;
+    builtin_close(st);
+    clif_npcbuysell(sd, nd->bl.id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * Check whether the PC is dead
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_isdead (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_isdead(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_isdead (sd));
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, pc_isdead(sd));
 }
 
 /*========================================
  * Changes a NPC name, and sprite
  *----------------------------------------
  */
-int buildin_fakenpcname (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_fakenpcname(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  newsprite;
-    struct npc_data *nd;
-
-    const char *name = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
-    const char *newname = conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
-    newsprite = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
-    nd = npc_name2id (name);
+    const char *name = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 2]));
+    const char *newname = conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 3]));
+    int newsprite = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->start + 4]));
+    struct npc_data *nd = npc_name2id(name);
     if (!nd)
-        return 1;
-    strncpy (nd->name, newname, sizeof(nd->name)-1);
-    nd->name[sizeof(nd->name)-1] = '\0';
+        return;
+    strzcpy(nd->name, newname, sizeof(nd->name));
     nd->npc_class = newsprite;
 
     // Refresh this npc
-    npc_enable (name, 0);
-    npc_enable (name, 1);
+    npc_enable(name, 0);
+    npc_enable(name, 1);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*============================
  * Gets the PC's x pos
  *----------------------------
  */
-
-int buildin_getx (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_getx(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->bl.x);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->bl.x);
 }
 
 /*============================
  * Gets the PC's y pos
  *----------------------------
  */
-int buildin_gety (struct script_state *st)
+static
+void builtin_gety(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd (st);
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->bl.y);
-    return 0;
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, sd->bl.y);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the PC's current map's name
+ */
+static
+void builtin_getmap(ScriptState *st)
+{
+    struct map_session_data *sd = script_rid2sd(st);
+
+    // A map_data lives essentially forever.
+    push_str(st->stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, map[sd->bl.m].name);
 }
 
 //
@@ -7260,7 +4357,7 @@ int buildin_gety (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-ScriptCode get_com (const ScriptCode *script, int *pos_)
+ScriptCode get_com(const ScriptCode *script, int *pos_)
 {
     if (static_cast<uint8_t>(script[*pos_]) >= 0x80)
     {
@@ -7274,10 +4371,10 @@ ScriptCode get_com (const ScriptCode *script, int *pos_)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int get_num (const ScriptCode *scr, int *pos_)
+int get_num(const ScriptCode *scr, int *pos_)
 {
     const uint8_t *script = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(scr);
-    int  i, j;
+    int i, j;
     i = 0;
     j = 0;
     while (script[*pos_] >= 0xc0)
@@ -7293,35 +4390,40 @@ int get_num (const ScriptCode *scr, int *pos_)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int pop_val (struct script_state *st)
+int pop_val(ScriptState *st)
 {
     if (st->stack->sp <= 0)
         return 0;
     st->stack->sp--;
-    get_val (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]));
+    get_val(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]));
     if (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].type == ScriptCode::INT)
         return st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.num;
     return 0;
 }
 
-#define isstr(c) ((c).type==ScriptCode::STR || (c).type==ScriptCode::CONSTSTR)
+static
+bool isstr(struct script_data& c)
+{
+    return c.type == ScriptCode::STR
+        || c.type == ScriptCode::CONSTSTR;
+}
 
 /*==========================================
  * 加算演算�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void op_add (struct script_state *st)
+void op_add(ScriptState *st)
 {
     st->stack->sp--;
-    get_val (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]));
-    get_val (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1]));
+    get_val(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]));
+    get_val(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1]));
 
-    if (isstr (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp])
-        || isstr (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1]))
+    if (isstr(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp])
+        || isstr(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1]))
     {
-        conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]));
-        conv_str (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1]));
+        conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]));
+        conv_str(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1]));
     }
     if (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].type == ScriptCode::INT)
     {                           // ii
@@ -7332,11 +4434,11 @@ void op_add (struct script_state *st)
     {                           // ss�予定
         char *buf;
         buf = (char *)
-            calloc (strlen (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1].u.str) +
-                    strlen (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.str) + 1,
+            calloc(strlen(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1].u.str) +
+                    strlen(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.str) + 1,
                     1);
-        strcpy (buf, st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1].u.str);
-        strcat (buf, st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.str);
+        strcpy(buf, st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1].u.str);
+        strcat(buf, st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.str);
         if (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1].type == ScriptCode::STR)
             free(const_cast<char *>(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp - 1].u.str));
         if (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].type == ScriptCode::STR)
@@ -7351,38 +4453,38 @@ void op_add (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void op_2str (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op, int sp1, int sp2)
+void op_2str(ScriptState *st, ScriptCode op, int sp1, int sp2)
 {
     const char *s1 = st->stack->stack_data[sp1].u.str;
     const char *s2 = st->stack->stack_data[sp2].u.str;
-    int  a = 0;
+    int a = 0;
 
     switch (op)
     {
         case ScriptCode::EQ:
-            a = (strcmp (s1, s2) == 0);
+            a = (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0);
             break;
         case ScriptCode::NE:
-            a = (strcmp (s1, s2) != 0);
+            a = (strcmp(s1, s2) != 0);
             break;
         case ScriptCode::GT:
-            a = (strcmp (s1, s2) > 0);
+            a = (strcmp(s1, s2) > 0);
             break;
         case ScriptCode::GE:
-            a = (strcmp (s1, s2) >= 0);
+            a = (strcmp(s1, s2) >= 0);
             break;
         case ScriptCode::LT:
-            a = (strcmp (s1, s2) < 0);
+            a = (strcmp(s1, s2) < 0);
             break;
         case ScriptCode::LE:
-            a = (strcmp (s1, s2) <= 0);
+            a = (strcmp(s1, s2) <= 0);
             break;
         default:
-            printf ("illegal string operater\n");
+            PRINTF("illegal string operater\n");
             break;
     }
 
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, a);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, a);
 
     if (st->stack->stack_data[sp1].type == ScriptCode::STR)
         free(const_cast<char *>(s1));
@@ -7395,7 +4497,7 @@ void op_2str (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op, int sp1, int sp2)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void op_2num (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op, int i1, int i2)
+void op_2num(ScriptState *st, ScriptCode op, int i1, int i2)
 {
     switch (op)
     {
@@ -7451,7 +4553,7 @@ void op_2num (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op, int i1, int i2)
             i1 = i1 << i2;
             break;
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, i1);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, i1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7459,34 +4561,34 @@ void op_2num (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op, int i1, int i2)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void op_2 (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op)
+void op_2(ScriptState *st, ScriptCode op)
 {
-    int  i1, i2;
+    int i1, i2;
     const char *s1 = NULL, *s2 = NULL;
 
-    i2 = pop_val (st);
-    if (isstr (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]))
+    i2 = pop_val(st);
+    if (isstr(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]))
         s2 = st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.str;
 
-    i1 = pop_val (st);
-    if (isstr (st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]))
+    i1 = pop_val(st);
+    if (isstr(st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp]))
         s1 = st->stack->stack_data[st->stack->sp].u.str;
 
     if (s1 != NULL && s2 != NULL)
     {
         // ss => op_2str
-        op_2str (st, op, st->stack->sp, st->stack->sp + 1);
+        op_2str(st, op, st->stack->sp, st->stack->sp + 1);
     }
     else if (s1 == NULL && s2 == NULL)
     {
         // ii => op_2num
-        op_2num (st, op, i1, i2);
+        op_2num(st, op, i1, i2);
     }
     else
     {
         // si,is => error
-        printf ("script: op_2: int&str, str&int not allow.");
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        PRINTF("script: op_2: int&str, str&int not allow.");
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
     }
 }
 
@@ -7495,10 +4597,10 @@ void op_2 (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-void op_1num (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op)
+void op_1num(ScriptState *st, ScriptCode op)
 {
-    int  i1;
-    i1 = pop_val (st);
+    int i1;
+    i1 = pop_val(st);
     switch (op)
     {
         case ScriptCode::NEG:
@@ -7511,16 +4613,16 @@ void op_1num (struct script_state *st, ScriptCode op)
             i1 = !i1;
             break;
     }
-    push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, i1);
+    push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, i1);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 関数�実行
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int run_func (struct script_state *st)
+void run_func(ScriptState *st)
 {
-    int  i, start_sp, end_sp, func;
+    int i, start_sp, end_sp, func;
 
     end_sp = st->stack->sp;
     for (i = end_sp - 1; i >= 0 && st->stack->stack_data[i].type != ScriptCode::ARG;
@@ -7528,10 +4630,10 @@ int run_func (struct script_state *st)
     if (i == 0)
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("function not found\n");
+            PRINTF("function not found\n");
 //      st->stack->sp=0;
         st->state = END;
-        return 0;
+        return;
     }
     start_sp = i - 1;
     st->start = i - 1;
@@ -7541,82 +4643,82 @@ int run_func (struct script_state *st)
     if (st->stack->stack_data[st->start].type != ScriptCode::NAME
         || str_data[func].type != ScriptCode::FUNC)
     {
-        printf ("run_func: not function and command! \n");
+        PRINTF("run_func: not function and command! \n");
 //      st->stack->sp=0;
         st->state = END;
-        return 0;
+        return;
     }
 #ifdef DEBUG_RUN
     if (battle_config.etc_log)
     {
-        printf ("run_func : %s? (%d(%d))\n", str_buf + str_data[func].str,
+        PRINTF("run_func : %s? (%d(%d))\n", str_buf + str_data[func].str,
                 func, str_data[func].type);
-        printf ("stack dump :");
+        PRINTF("stack dump :");
         for (i = 0; i < end_sp; i++)
         {
             switch (st->stack->stack_data[i].type)
             {
                 case ScriptCode::INT:
-                    printf (" int(%d)", st->stack->stack_data[i].u.num);
+                    PRINTF(" int(%d)", st->stack->stack_data[i].u.num);
                     break;
                 case ScriptCode::NAME:
-                    printf (" name(%s)",
+                    PRINTF(" name(%s)",
                             str_buf +
                             str_data[st->stack->stack_data[i].u.num].str);
                     break;
                 case ScriptCode::ARG:
-                    printf (" arg");
+                    PRINTF(" arg");
                     break;
                 case ScriptCode::POS:
-                    printf (" pos(%d)", st->stack->stack_data[i].u.num);
+                    PRINTF(" pos(%d)", st->stack->stack_data[i].u.num);
                     break;
                 default:
-                    printf (" %d,%d", st->stack->stack_data[i].type,
+                    PRINTF(" %d,%d", st->stack->stack_data[i].type,
                             st->stack->stack_data[i].u.num);
             }
         }
-        printf ("\n");
+        PRINTF("\n");
     }
 #endif
     if (str_data[func].func)
     {
-        str_data[func].func (st);
+        str_data[func].func(st);
     }
     else
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("run_func : %s? (%d(%d))\n", str_buf + str_data[func].str,
+            PRINTF("run_func : %s? (%d(%d))\n", str_buf + str_data[func].str,
                     func, str_data[func].type);
-        push_val (st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
+        push_val(st->stack, ScriptCode::INT, 0);
     }
 
-    pop_stack (st->stack, start_sp, end_sp);
+    pop_stack(st->stack, start_sp, end_sp);
 
     if (st->state == RETFUNC)
     {
         // ユーザー定義関数�ら�復帰
-        int  olddefsp = st->defsp;
+        int olddefsp = st->defsp;
 
-        pop_stack (st->stack, st->defsp, start_sp); // 復帰�邪魔�スタック削除
+        pop_stack(st->stack, st->defsp, start_sp); // 復帰�邪魔�スタック削除
         if (st->defsp < 4
             || st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 1].type != ScriptCode::RETINFO)
         {
-            printf
-                ("script:run_func(return) return without callfunc or callsub!\n");
+            PRINTF("script:run_func (return) return without callfunc or callsub!\n");
             st->state = END;
-            return 0;
+            return;
         }
-        i = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 4])); // 引数�数所得
-        st->pos = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 1]));   // スクリプト�置�復元
-        st->script = (ScriptCode *) conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 2]));   // スクリプトを復元
-        st->defsp = conv_num (st, &(st->stack->stack_data[st->defsp - 3])); // 基準スタック�インタを復元
+        assert (olddefsp == st->defsp); // pretty sure it hasn't changed yet
+        st->script = conv_script(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[olddefsp - 1]));   // スクリプトを復元
+        st->pos = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[olddefsp - 2]));   // スクリプト�置�復元
+        st->defsp = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[olddefsp - 3])); // 基準スタック�インタを復元
+        // Number of arguments.
+        i = conv_num(st, &(st->stack->stack_data[olddefsp - 4])); // 引数�数所得
+        assert (i == 0);
 
-        pop_stack (st->stack, olddefsp - 4 - i, olddefsp);  // �ら�����スタック(引数�復帰用データ)削除
+        pop_stack(st->stack, olddefsp - 4 - i, olddefsp);  // �ら�����スタック(引数�復帰用データ)削除
 
         st->state = GOTO;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -7624,12 +4726,12 @@ int run_func (struct script_state *st)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
-                     struct script_state *st, const ScriptCode *rootscript)
+void run_script_main(const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int, int,
+                      ScriptState *st, const ScriptCode *rootscript)
 {
     int rerun_pos;
-    int  cmdcount = script_config.check_cmdcount;
-    int  gotocount = script_config.check_gotocount;
+    int cmdcount = script_config.check_cmdcount;
+    int gotocount = script_config.check_gotocount;
     struct script_stack *stack = st->stack;
 
     st->defsp = stack->sp;
@@ -7638,35 +4740,35 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
     rerun_pos = st->pos;
     for (st->state = 0; st->state == 0;)
     {
-        switch (ScriptCode c = get_com (script, &st->pos))
+        switch (ScriptCode c = get_com(script, &st->pos))
         {
             case ScriptCode::EOL:
                 if (stack->sp != st->defsp)
                 {
                     if (battle_config.error_log)
-                        printf ("stack.sp(%d) != default(%d)\n", stack->sp,
+                        PRINTF("stack.sp (%d) != default (%d)\n", stack->sp,
                                 st->defsp);
                     stack->sp = st->defsp;
                 }
                 rerun_pos = st->pos;
                 break;
             case ScriptCode::INT:
-                push_val (stack, ScriptCode::INT, get_num (script, &st->pos));
+                push_val(stack, ScriptCode::INT, get_num(script, &st->pos));
                 break;
             case ScriptCode::POS:
             case ScriptCode::NAME:
-                push_val (stack, c, (*(int *) (script + st->pos)) & 0xffffff);
+                push_val(stack, c, (*(const int *)(script + st->pos)) & 0xffffff);
                 st->pos += 3;
                 break;
             case ScriptCode::ARG:
-                push_val (stack, c, 0);
+                push_val(stack, c, 0);
                 break;
             case ScriptCode::STR:
-                push_str (stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(script + st->pos));
+                push_str(stack, ScriptCode::CONSTSTR, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(script + st->pos));
                 while (script[st->pos++] != ScriptCode::NOP);
                 break;
             case ScriptCode::FUNC:
-                run_func (st);
+                run_func(st);
                 if (st->state == GOTO)
                 {
                     rerun_pos = st->pos;
@@ -7674,14 +4776,14 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
                     st->state = 0;
                     if (gotocount > 0 && (--gotocount) <= 0)
                     {
-                        printf ("run_script: infinity loop !\n");
+                        PRINTF("run_script: infinity loop !\n");
                         st->state = END;
                     }
                 }
                 break;
 
             case ScriptCode::ADD:
-                op_add (st);
+                op_add(st);
                 break;
 
             case ScriptCode::SUB:
@@ -7701,13 +4803,13 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
             case ScriptCode::LOR:
             case ScriptCode::R_SHIFT:
             case ScriptCode::L_SHIFT:
-                op_2 (st, c);
+                op_2(st, c);
                 break;
 
             case ScriptCode::NEG:
             case ScriptCode::NOT:
             case ScriptCode::LNOT:
-                op_1num (st, c);
+                op_1num(st, c);
                 break;
 
             case ScriptCode::NOP:
@@ -7716,13 +4818,13 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
 
             default:
                 if (battle_config.error_log)
-                    printf ("unknown command : %d @ %d\n", c, pos_);
+                    PRINTF("unknown command : %d @ %d\n", c, pos_);
                 st->state = END;
                 break;
         }
         if (cmdcount > 0 && (--cmdcount) <= 0)
         {
-            printf ("run_script: infinity loop !\n");
+            PRINTF("run_script: infinity loop !\n");
             st->state = END;
         }
     }
@@ -7732,10 +4834,10 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
             break;
         case END:
         {
-            struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (st->rid);
+            struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(st->rid);
             st->pos = -1;
             if (sd && sd->npc_id == st->oid)
-                npc_event_dequeue (sd);
+                npc_event_dequeue(sd);
         }
             break;
         case RERUNLINE:
@@ -7748,15 +4850,15 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
     if (st->state != END)
     {
         // �開�る���スタック情報を�存
-        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (st->rid);
+        struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(st->rid);
         if (sd /* && sd->npc_stackbuf==NULL */ )
         {
             if (sd->npc_stackbuf)
-                free (sd->npc_stackbuf);
-            sd->npc_stackbuf = (char *)
-                calloc (sizeof (stack->stack_data[0]) * stack->sp_max, 1);
-            memcpy (sd->npc_stackbuf, stack->stack_data,
-                    sizeof (stack->stack_data[0]) * stack->sp_max);
+                free(sd->npc_stackbuf);
+            sd->npc_stackbuf = (struct script_data *)
+                calloc(sizeof(stack->stack_data[0]) * stack->sp_max, 1);
+            memcpy(sd->npc_stackbuf, stack->stack_data,
+                    sizeof(stack->stack_data[0]) * stack->sp_max);
             sd->npc_stack = stack->sp;
             sd->npc_stackmax = stack->sp_max;
             sd->npc_script = script;
@@ -7764,26 +4866,25 @@ int run_script_main (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
         }
     }
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * スクリプト�実行
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int run_script (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid)
+int run_script(const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid)
 {
-    return run_script_l (script, pos_, rid, oid, 0, NULL);
+    return run_script_l(script, pos_, rid, oid, 0, NULL);
 }
 
-int run_script_l (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
-                  int args_nr, argrec_t * args)
+int run_script_l(const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
+                  int args_nr, argrec_t *args)
 {
     struct script_stack stack;
-    struct script_state st;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (rid);
+    ScriptState st;
+    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(rid);
     const ScriptCode *rootscript = script;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
     if (script == NULL || pos_ < 0)
         return -1;
 
@@ -7794,10 +4895,10 @@ int run_script_l (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
         stack.sp = sd->npc_stack;
         stack.sp_max = sd->npc_stackmax;
         stack.stack_data = (struct script_data *)
-            calloc (stack.sp_max, sizeof (stack.stack_data[0]));
-        memcpy (stack.stack_data, sd->npc_stackbuf,
-                sizeof (stack.stack_data[0]) * stack.sp_max);
-        free (sd->npc_stackbuf);
+            calloc(stack.sp_max, sizeof(stack.stack_data[0]));
+        memcpy(stack.stack_data, sd->npc_stackbuf,
+                sizeof(stack.stack_data[0]) * stack.sp_max);
+        free(sd->npc_stackbuf);
         sd->npc_stackbuf = NULL;
     }
     else
@@ -7806,7 +4907,7 @@ int run_script_l (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
         stack.sp = 0;
         stack.sp_max = 64;
         stack.stack_data = (struct script_data *)
-            calloc (stack.sp_max, sizeof (stack.stack_data[0]));
+            calloc(stack.sp_max, sizeof(stack.stack_data[0]));
     }
     st.stack = &stack;
     st.pos = pos_;
@@ -7814,14 +4915,14 @@ int run_script_l (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
     st.oid = oid;
     for (i = 0; i < args_nr; i++)
     {
-        if (args[i].name[strlen (args[i].name) - 1] == '$')
-            pc_setregstr (sd, add_str (args[i].name), args[i].v.s);
+        if (args[i].name[strlen(args[i].name) - 1] == '$')
+            pc_setregstr(sd, add_str(args[i].name), args[i].v.s);
         else
-            pc_setreg (sd, add_str (args[i].name), args[i].v.i);
+            pc_setreg(sd, add_str(args[i].name), args[i].v.i);
     }
-    run_script_main (script, pos_, rid, oid, &st, rootscript);
+    run_script_main(script, pos_, rid, oid, &st, rootscript);
 
-    free (stack.stack_data);
+    free(stack.stack_data);
     stack.stack_data = NULL;
     return st.pos;
 }
@@ -7830,206 +4931,146 @@ int run_script_l (const ScriptCode *script, int pos_, int rid, int oid,
  * マップ変数�変更
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mapreg_setreg (int num, int val)
+void mapreg_setreg(int num, int val)
 {
-    if (val != 0)
-        numdb_insert (mapreg_db, num, val);
-    else
-        numdb_erase (mapreg_db, num);
+    mapreg_db.put(num, val);
 
     mapreg_dirty = 1;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 文字列型マップ変数�変更
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int mapreg_setregstr (int num, const char *str)
+void mapreg_setregstr(int num, const char *str)
 {
-    char *p;
+    char *p = mapregstr_db.get(num);
+    if (p)
+        free(p);
 
-    if ((p = (char *)numdb_search (mapregstr_db, num)) != NULL)
-        free (p);
+    if (!str || !*str)
+        p = NULL;
+    else
+        p = strdup(str);
 
-    if (str == NULL || *str == 0)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (mapregstr_db, num);
-        mapreg_dirty = 1;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    p = (char *) calloc (strlen (str) + 1, 1);
-    strcpy (p, str);
-    numdb_insert (mapregstr_db, num, p);
+    mapregstr_db.put(num, p);
     mapreg_dirty = 1;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 永続的マップ変数�読�込�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int script_load_mapreg (void)
+static
+void script_load_mapreg(void)
 {
-    FILE *fp;
-    char line[1024];
+    std::ifstream in(mapreg_txt);
 
-    if ((fp = fopen_ (mapreg_txt, "rt")) == NULL)
-        return -1;
+    if (!in.is_open())
+        return;
 
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line), fp))
-    {
-        char buf1[256], buf2[1024], *p;
-        int  n, v, s, i;
-        if (sscanf (line, "%255[^,],%d\t%n", buf1, &i, &n) != 2 &&
-            (i = 0, sscanf (line, "%[^\t]\t%n", buf1, &n) != 1))
-            continue;
-        if (buf1[strlen (buf1) - 1] == '$')
+    std::string line;
+    while (std::getline(in, line))
+    {
+        std::string buf1, buf2;
+        int index = 0;
+        if (extract(line,
+                    record<'\t'>(
+                        record<','>(&buf1, &index),
+                        &buf2))
+            || extract(line,
+                    record<'\t'>(
+                        record<','>(&buf1),
+                        &buf2)))
         {
-            if (sscanf (line + n, "%[^\n\r]", buf2) != 1)
+            int s = add_str(buf1.c_str());
+            int key = (index << 24) | s;
+            if (buf1.back() == '$')
             {
-                printf ("%s: %s broken data !\n", mapreg_txt, buf1);
-                continue;
+                char *p = strdup(buf2.c_str());
+                mapregstr_db.put(key, p);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int v;
+                if (!extract(buf2, &v))
+                    goto borken;
+                mapreg_db.put(key, v);
             }
-            p = (char *) calloc (strlen (buf2) + 1, 1);
-            strcpy (p, buf2);
-            s = add_str (buf1);
-            numdb_insert (mapregstr_db, (i << 24) | s, p);
         }
         else
         {
-            if (sscanf (line + n, "%d", &v) != 1)
-            {
-                printf ("%s: %s broken data !\n", mapreg_txt, buf1);
-                continue;
-            }
-            s = add_str (buf1);
-            numdb_insert (mapreg_db, (i << 24) | s, v);
+        borken:
+            PRINTF("%s: %s broken data !\n", mapreg_txt, buf1);
+            continue;
         }
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
     mapreg_dirty = 0;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * 永続的マップ変数�書�込�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static void script_save_mapreg_intsub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+static
+void script_save_mapreg_intsub(int key, int data, FILE *fp)
 {
-    FILE *fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-    int  num = key.i & 0x00ffffff, i = key.i >> 24;
+    int num = key & 0x00ffffff, i = key >> 24;
     char *name = str_buf + str_data[num].str;
     if (name[1] != '@')
     {
         if (i == 0)
-            fprintf (fp, "%s\t%d\n", name, (int) data);
+            FPRINTF(fp, "%s\t%d\n", name, data);
         else
-            fprintf (fp, "%s,%d\t%d\n", name, i, (int) data);
+            FPRINTF(fp, "%s,%d\t%d\n", name, i, data);
     }
 }
 
-static void script_save_mapreg_strsub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+static
+void script_save_mapreg_strsub(int key, char *data, FILE *fp)
 {
-    FILE *fp = va_arg (ap, FILE *);
-    int  num = key.i & 0x00ffffff, i = key.i >> 24;
+    int num = key & 0x00ffffff, i = key >> 24;
     char *name = str_buf + str_data[num].str;
     if (name[1] != '@')
     {
         if (i == 0)
-            fprintf (fp, "%s\t%s\n", name, (char *) data);
+            FPRINTF(fp, "%s\t%s\n", name, data);
         else
-            fprintf (fp, "%s,%d\t%s\n", name, i, (char *) data);
+            FPRINTF(fp, "%s,%d\t%s\n", name, i, data);
     }
 }
 
-static int script_save_mapreg (void)
+static
+void script_save_mapreg(void)
 {
     FILE *fp;
-    int  lock;
+    int lock;
 
-    if ((fp = lock_fopen (mapreg_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    numdb_foreach (mapreg_db, script_save_mapreg_intsub, fp);
-    numdb_foreach (mapregstr_db, script_save_mapreg_strsub, fp);
-    lock_fclose (fp, mapreg_txt, &lock);
+    if ((fp = lock_fopen(mapreg_txt, &lock)) == NULL)
+        return;
+    for (auto& pair : mapreg_db)
+        script_save_mapreg_intsub(pair.first, pair.second, fp);
+    for (auto& pair : mapregstr_db)
+        script_save_mapreg_strsub(pair.first, pair.second, fp);
+    lock_fclose(fp, mapreg_txt, &lock);
     mapreg_dirty = 0;
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static void script_autosave_mapreg (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id,
-                                    custom_data_t data)
+static
+void script_autosave_mapreg(TimerData *, tick_t)
 {
     if (mapreg_dirty)
-        script_save_mapreg ();
+        script_save_mapreg();
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int set_posword (char *p)
+void script_config_read()
 {
-    char *np, *str[15];
-    int  i = 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < 11; i++)
-    {
-        if ((np = strchr (p, ',')) != NULL)
-        {
-            str[i] = p;
-            *np = 0;
-            p = np + 1;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            str[i] = p;
-            p += strlen (p);
-        }
-        if (str[i])
-            strcpy (pos[i], str[i]);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int script_config_read (const char *cfgName)
-{
-    int  i;
-    char line[1024], w1[1024], w2[1024];
-    FILE *fp;
-
     script_config.warn_func_no_comma = 1;
     script_config.warn_cmd_no_comma = 1;
     script_config.warn_func_mismatch_paramnum = 1;
     script_config.warn_cmd_mismatch_paramnum = 1;
     script_config.check_cmdcount = 8192;
     script_config.check_gotocount = 512;
-
-    fp = fopen_ (cfgName, "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("file not found: %s\n", cfgName);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        i = sscanf (line, "%[^:]: %[^\r\n]", w1, w2);
-        if (i != 2)
-            continue;
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "refine_posword") == 0)
-        {
-            set_posword (w2);
-        }
-        if (strcasecmp (w1, "import") == 0)
-        {
-            script_config_read (w2);
-        }
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -8037,55 +5078,181 @@ int script_config_read (const char *cfgName)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 
-static void mapregstr_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+static
+void mapregstr_db_final(char *data)
 {
-    free (data);
+    free(data);
 }
 
-static void userfunc_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
+static
+void userfunc_db_final(const ScriptCode *data)
 {
-    free ((char*)key.s);
-    free (data);
+    free(const_cast<ScriptCode *>(data));
 }
 
-int do_final_script (void)
+void do_final_script(void)
 {
     if (mapreg_dirty >= 0)
-        script_save_mapreg ();
+        script_save_mapreg();
+#if 0
+    // labels are allocated just out of this
+    // (so it's a leak ...)
+    // this is disabled because it leads to a crash
+    // due to double-free
     if (script_buf)
-        free (script_buf);
+        free(script_buf);
+#endif
 
-    if (mapreg_db)
-        numdb_final (mapreg_db, NULL);
-    if (mapregstr_db)
-        strdb_final (mapregstr_db, mapregstr_db_final);
-    if (scriptlabel_db)
-        strdb_final (scriptlabel_db, NULL);
-    if (userfunc_db)
-        strdb_final (userfunc_db, userfunc_db_final);
+    mapreg_db.clear();
+    for (auto& pair : mapregstr_db)
+        mapregstr_db_final(pair.second);
+    mapregstr_db.clear();
+    scriptlabel_db.clear();
+    for (auto& pair : userfunc_db)
+        userfunc_db_final(pair.second);
+    userfunc_db.clear();
 
     if (str_data)
-        free (str_data);
+        free(str_data);
     if (str_buf)
-        free (str_buf);
-
-    return 0;
+        free(str_buf);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * �期化
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init_script (void)
-{
-    mapreg_db = numdb_init ();
-    mapregstr_db = numdb_init ();
-    script_load_mapreg ();
-
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + MAPREG_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL,
-                        script_autosave_mapreg, 0, 0,
-                        MAPREG_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL);
-
-    scriptlabel_db = strdb_init (50);
-    return 0;
-}
+void do_init_script(void)
+{
+    script_load_mapreg();
+
+    Timer(gettick() + MAPREG_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL,
+            script_autosave_mapreg,
+            MAPREG_AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL
+    ).detach();
+}
+
+#define BUILTIN(func, args) \
+{builtin_##func, #func, args}
+
+BuiltinFunction builtin_functions[] =
+{
+    BUILTIN(mes, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(next, ""),
+    BUILTIN(close, ""),
+    BUILTIN(close2, ""),
+    BUILTIN(menu, "sL*"),
+    BUILTIN(goto, "L"),
+    BUILTIN(callsub, "L"),
+    BUILTIN(callfunc, "F"),
+    BUILTIN(return, ""),
+    BUILTIN(input, "N"),
+    BUILTIN(warp, "Mxy"),
+    BUILTIN(isat, "Mxy"),
+    BUILTIN(areawarp, "MxyxyMxy"),
+    BUILTIN(setlook, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(set, "Ne"),
+    BUILTIN(setarray, "Ne*"),
+    BUILTIN(cleararray, "Nei"),
+    BUILTIN(getarraysize, "N"),
+    BUILTIN(getelementofarray, "Ni"),
+    BUILTIN(if, "iF*"),
+    BUILTIN(getitem, "Ii**"),
+    BUILTIN(makeitem, "IiMxy"),
+    BUILTIN(delitem, "Ii"),
+    BUILTIN(heal, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(itemheal, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(percentheal, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(rand, "i*"),
+    BUILTIN(pow, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(countitem, "I"),
+    BUILTIN(checkweight, "Ii"),
+    BUILTIN(readparam, "i*"),
+    BUILTIN(getcharid, "i*"),
+    BUILTIN(strcharinfo, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(getequipid, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(getequipname, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(statusup2, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(bonus, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(bonus2, "iii"),
+    BUILTIN(skill, "ii*"),
+    BUILTIN(setskill, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(getskilllv, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(getgmlevel, ""),
+    BUILTIN(end, ""),
+    BUILTIN(getopt2, ""),
+    BUILTIN(setopt2, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(savepoint, "Mxy"),
+    BUILTIN(gettimetick, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(gettime, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(gettimestr, "si"),
+    BUILTIN(openstorage, "*"),
+    BUILTIN(monster, "Mxysmi*"),
+    BUILTIN(areamonster, "Mxyxysmi*"),
+    BUILTIN(killmonster, "ME"),
+    BUILTIN(killmonsterall, "M"),
+    BUILTIN(donpcevent, "E"),
+    BUILTIN(addtimer, "tE"),
+    BUILTIN(initnpctimer, ""),
+    BUILTIN(stopnpctimer, ""),
+    BUILTIN(startnpctimer, "*"),
+    BUILTIN(setnpctimer, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(getnpctimer, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(announce, "si"),
+    BUILTIN(mapannounce, "Msi"),
+    BUILTIN(getusers, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(getmapusers, "M"),
+    BUILTIN(getareausers, "Mxyxy*"),
+    BUILTIN(getareadropitem, "Mxyxyi*"),
+    BUILTIN(enablenpc, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(disablenpc, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(sc_start, "iTi*"),
+    BUILTIN(sc_end, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(sc_check, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(debugmes, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(resetstatus, ""),
+    BUILTIN(changesex, ""),
+    BUILTIN(attachrid, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(detachrid, ""),
+    BUILTIN(isloggedin, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(setmapflag, "Mi"),
+    BUILTIN(removemapflag, "Mi"),
+    BUILTIN(getmapflag, "Mi"),
+    BUILTIN(pvpon, "M"),
+    BUILTIN(pvpoff, "M"),
+    BUILTIN(emotion, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(marriage, "P"),
+    BUILTIN(divorce, ""),
+    BUILTIN(getitemname, "I"),
+    BUILTIN(getspellinvocation, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(getpartnerid2, ""),
+    BUILTIN(getexp, "ii"),
+    BUILTIN(getinventorylist, ""),
+    BUILTIN(getactivatedpoolskilllist, ""),
+    BUILTIN(getunactivatedpoolskilllist, ""),
+    BUILTIN(poolskill, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(unpoolskill, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(misceffect, "i*"),
+    BUILTIN(specialeffect, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(specialeffect2, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(nude, ""),
+    BUILTIN(mapwarp, "MMxy"),
+    BUILTIN(cmdothernpc, "ss"),
+    BUILTIN(gmcommand, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(npcwarp, "xys"),
+    BUILTIN(message, "Ps"),
+    BUILTIN(npctalk, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(mobcount, "ME"),
+    BUILTIN(getlook, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(getsavepoint, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(areatimer, "MxyxytE"),
+    BUILTIN(isin, "Mxyxy"),
+    BUILTIN(shop, "s"),
+    BUILTIN(isdead, ""),
+    BUILTIN(unequipbyid, "i"),
+    BUILTIN(fakenpcname, "ssi"),
+    BUILTIN(getx, ""),
+    BUILTIN(gety, ""),
+    BUILTIN(getmap, ""),
+    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
+};
diff --git a/src/map/script.hpp b/src/map/script.hpp
index 6b345c4..4caf58e 100644
--- a/src/map/script.hpp
+++ b/src/map/script.hpp
@@ -1,75 +1,50 @@
-// $Id: script.h,v 1.2 2004/09/25 05:32:19 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef SCRIPT_HPP
 #define SCRIPT_HPP
 
-// values are private, but gcc < 4.6 doesn't
-// support forward-declared enums
-enum class ScriptCode : uint8_t
-#ifdef RECENT_GCC
-;
-#else
-{
-    // types and specials
-    NOP, POS, INT, PARAM, FUNC, STR, CONSTSTR, ARG,
-    NAME, EOL, RETINFO,
+#include <cstdint>
 
-    // unary and binary operators
-    LOR, LAND, LE, LT, GE, GT, EQ, NE,
-    XOR, OR, AND, ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV, MOD, NEG, LNOT,
-    NOT, R_SHIFT, L_SHIFT,
+#include <string>
 
-    // really nasty workaround for gcc < 4.6
+#include "../common/db.hpp"
 
-    x20, x21, x22, x23, x24, x25, x26, x27, x28, x29, x2a, x2b, x2c, x2d, x2e, x2f,
-    x30, x31, x32, x33, x34, x35, x36, x37, x38, x39, x3a, x3b, x3c, x3d, x3e, x3f,
-    x40, x41, x42, x43, x44, x45, x46, x47, x48, x49, x4a, x4b, x4c, x4d, x4e, x4f,
-    x50, x51, x52, x53, x54, x55, x56, x57, x58, x59, x5a, x5b, x5c, x5d, x5e, x5f,
-    x60, x61, x62, x63, x64, x65, x66, x67, x68, x69, x6a, x6b, x6c, x6d, x6e, x6f,
-    x70, x71, x72, x73, x74, x75, x76, x77, x78, x79, x7a, x7b, x7c, x7d, x7e, x7f,
-    x80, x81, x82, x83, x84, x85, x86, x87, x88, x89, x8a, x8b, x8c, x8d, x8e, x8f,
-    x90, x91, x92, x93, x94, x95, x96, x97, x98, x99, x9a, x9b, x9c, x9d, x9e, x9f,
-    xa0, xa1, xa2, xa3, xa4, xa5, xa6, xa7, xa8, xa9, xaa, xab, xac, xad, xae, xaf,
-    xb0, xb1, xb2, xb3, xb4, xb5, xb6, xb7, xb8, xb9, xba, xbb, xbc, xbd, xbe, xbf,
-    xc0, xc1, xc2, xc3, xc4, xc5, xc6, xc7, xc8, xc9, xca, xcb, xcc, xcd, xce, xcf,
-    xd0, xd1, xd2, xd3, xd4, xd5, xd6, xd7, xd8, xd9, xda, xdb, xdc, xdd, xde, xdf,
-    xe0, xe1, xe2, xe3, xe4, xe5, xe6, xe7, xe8, xe9, xea, xeb, xec, xed, xee, xef,
-    xf0, xf1, xf2, xf3, xf4, xf5, xf6, xf7, xf8, xf9, xfa, xfb, xfc, xfd, xfe, xff,
-};
-#endif
+enum class ScriptCode : uint8_t;
 
 struct script_data
 {
     ScriptCode type;
     union
     {
-        int  num;
+        int num;
         const char *str;
+        const ScriptCode *script;
     } u;
 };
 
 struct script_stack
 {
-    int  sp, sp_max;
+    int sp, sp_max;
     struct script_data *stack_data;
 };
 
-struct script_state
+// future improvements coming!
+class ScriptState
 {
+public:
     struct script_stack *stack;
-    int  start, end;
-    int  pos, state;
-    int  rid, oid;
+    int start, end;
+    int pos, state;
+    int rid, oid;
     const ScriptCode *script, *new_script;
-    int  defsp, new_pos, new_defsp;
+    int defsp, new_pos, new_defsp;
 };
 
-const ScriptCode *parse_script (const char *, int);
+const ScriptCode *parse_script(const char *, int);
 typedef struct argrec
 {
     const char *name;
     union _aru
     {
-        int  i;
+        int i;
         const char *s;
 
         _aru() = default;
@@ -77,16 +52,18 @@ typedef struct argrec
         _aru(const char *z) : s(z) {}
     } v;
 } argrec_t;
-int  run_script_l (const ScriptCode *, int, int, int, int, argrec_t * args);
-int  run_script (const ScriptCode *, int, int, int);
+int run_script_l(const ScriptCode *, int, int, int, int, argrec_t *args);
+int run_script(const ScriptCode *, int, int, int);
 
-struct dbt *script_get_label_db (void);
-struct dbt *script_get_userfunc_db (void);
+extern
+Map<std::string, int> scriptlabel_db;
+extern
+DMap<std::string, const ScriptCode *> userfunc_db;
 
-int  script_config_read (const char *cfgName);
-int  do_init_script (void);
-int  do_final_script (void);
+void script_config_read();
+void do_init_script(void);
+void do_final_script(void);
 
-extern char mapreg_txt[];
+extern char mapreg_txt[256];
 
-#endif
+#endif // SCRIPT_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/skill-pools.cpp b/src/map/skill-pools.cpp
index 204036d..c225ebe 100644
--- a/src/map/skill-pools.cpp
+++ b/src/map/skill-pools.cpp
@@ -1,37 +1,20 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
+#include "skill.hpp"
 
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
-#include "magic.hpp"
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "clif.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include "map.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
-#include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
-#include "skill.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-int  skill_pool_skills[MAX_POOL_SKILLS];
-int  skill_pool_skills_size = 0;
+SkillID skill_pool_skills[MAX_POOL_SKILLS];
+int skill_pool_skills_size = 0;
 
-void skill_pool_register(int id)
+void skill_pool_register(SkillID id)
 {
     if (skill_pool_skills_size + 1 >= MAX_POOL_SKILLS)
     {
-        fprintf (stderr,
+        FPRINTF(stderr,
                  "Too many pool skills! Increase MAX_POOL_SKILLS and recompile.");
         return;
     }
@@ -39,22 +22,14 @@ void skill_pool_register(int id)
     skill_pool_skills[skill_pool_skills_size++] = id;
 }
 
-const char *skill_name (int skill)
-{
-    if (skill > 0 && skill < MAX_SKILL_DB)
-        return skill_names[skill].desc;
-    else
-        return NULL;
-}
-
-int skill_pool (struct map_session_data *sd, int *skills)
+int skill_pool(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID *skills)
 {
-    int  i, count = 0;
+    int i, count = 0;
 
     for (i = 0; count < MAX_SKILL_POOL && i < skill_pool_skills_size; i++)
     {
-        int  skill_id = skill_pool_skills[i];
-        if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED)
+        SkillID skill_id = skill_pool_skills[i];
+        if (bool(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED))
         {
             if (skills)
                 skills[count] = skill_id;
@@ -65,78 +40,70 @@ int skill_pool (struct map_session_data *sd, int *skills)
     return count;
 }
 
-void skill_pool_empty (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < skill_pool_skills_size; i++)
-    {
-        int  skill_id = skill_pool_skills[i];
-        sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags = 0;
-    }
-}
-
-int skill_pool_size (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int skill_pool_size(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    return skill_pool (sd, NULL);
+    return skill_pool(sd, NULL);
 }
 
-int skill_pool_max (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int skill_pool_max(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    return sd->status.skill[TMW_SKILLPOOL].lv;
+    return sd->status.skill[SkillID::TMW_SKILLPOOL].lv;
 }
 
-int skill_pool_activate (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id)
+int skill_pool_activate(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id)
 {
-    if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED)
+    if (bool(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED))
         return 0;               // Already there
-    else if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].id == skill_id  // knows the skill
-             && (skill_pool_size (sd) < skill_pool_max (sd)))
+    else if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv
+             && (skill_pool_size(sd) < skill_pool_max(sd)))
     {
-        sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags |= SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED;
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-        MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "SKILL-ACTIVATE %d %d %d", skill_id,
-                    sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv, skill_power (sd,
-                                                                skill_id));
+        sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags |= SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED;
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "SKILL-ACTIVATE %d %d %d",
+                skill_id, sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv,
+                skill_power(sd, skill_id));
         return 0;
     }
 
     return 1;                   // failed
 }
 
-int skill_pool_is_activated (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id)
+bool skill_pool_is_activated(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id)
 {
-    return sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED;
+    return bool(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED);
 }
 
-int skill_pool_deactivate (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id)
+int skill_pool_deactivate(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id)
 {
-    if (sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED)
+    if (bool(sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags & SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED))
     {
-        sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags &= ~SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED;
-        MAP_LOG_PC (sd, "SKILL-DEACTIVATE %d", skill_id);
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
+        sd->status.skill[skill_id].flags &= ~SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVATED;
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, "SKILL-DEACTIVATE %d", skill_id);
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);
         return 0;
     }
 
     return 1;
 }
 
-int skill_stat (int skill_id)
+// Yields the stat associated with a skill.
+// Returns zero if none, or SP::STR, SP::VIT, ... otherwise
+static
+SP skill_stat(SkillID skill_id)
 {
     return skill_db[skill_id].stat;
 }
 
-int skill_power (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id)
+int skill_power(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill_id)
 {
-    int  stat = skill_stat (skill_id);
-    int  stat_value, skill_value;
-    int  result;
+    SP stat = skill_stat(skill_id);
+    int stat_value, skill_value;
+    int result;
 
-    if (stat == 0 || !skill_pool_is_activated (sd, skill_id))
+    if (stat == SP::ZERO || !skill_pool_is_activated(sd, skill_id))
         return 0;
 
-    stat_value = battle_get_stat (stat, &(sd->bl));
+    stat_value = battle_get_stat(stat, &(sd->bl));
     skill_value = sd->status.skill[skill_id].lv;
 
     if ((skill_value * 10) - 1 > stat_value)
@@ -149,10 +116,10 @@ int skill_power (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_id)
     return result;
 }
 
-int skill_power_bl (struct block_list *bl, int skill)
+int skill_power_bl(struct block_list *bl, SkillID skill)
 {
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        return skill_power ((struct map_session_data *) bl, skill);
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
+        return skill_power((struct map_session_data *) bl, skill);
     else
         return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/map/skill.cpp b/src/map/skill.cpp
index c7ef9fd..47a2e5c 100644
--- a/src/map/skill.cpp
+++ b/src/map/skill.cpp
@@ -1,1091 +1,195 @@
-// $Id: skill.c,v 1.8 2004/09/25 05:32:19 MouseJstr Exp $
-/* スキル関係 */
+#include "skill.hpp"
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <time.h>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
 
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/random.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
-#include "../common/mt_rand.hpp"
-#include "magic.hpp"
+#include "../common/socket.hpp"
+#include "../common/timer.hpp"
 
 #include "battle.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "intif.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "magic.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
 #include "mob.hpp"
-#include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
-#include "skill.hpp"
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
 
-#ifdef MEMWATCH
-#include "memwatch.hpp"
-#endif
-
-#define SKILLUNITTIMER_INVERVAL	100
-
-#define STATE_BLIND 0x10
-
-/* スキル番��＞ステータス異常番�変�テーブル */
-int  SkillStatusChangeTable[] = {   /* skill.h�enum�SC_***����る�� */
-/* 0- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_PROVOKE,                 /* プロボック */
-    -1, 1, -1,
-/* 10- */
-    SC_SIGHT,                   /* サイト */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_FREEZE,                  /* フロストダイ�ー */
-    SC_STONE,                   /* ストーンカース */
-    -1, -1, -1,
-/* 20- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_RUWACH,                  /* ルアフ */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_INCREASEAGI,             /* 速度増加 */
-/* 30- */
-    SC_DECREASEAGI,             /* 速度減少 */
-    -1,
-    SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS,            /* シグナムクルシス */
-    SC_ANGELUS,                 /* エンジェラス */
-    SC_BLESSING,                /* ブレッシング */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 40- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_CONCENTRATE,             /* 集中力�上 */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 50- */
-    -1,
-    SC_HIDING,                  /* �イディング */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 60- */
-    SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN,          /* 2HQ */
-    SC_AUTOCOUNTER,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_IMPOSITIO,               /* イン�シティオマヌス */
-    SC_SUFFRAGIUM,              /* サフラギウム */
-    SC_ASPERSIO,                /* アスペルシオ */
-    SC_BENEDICTIO,              /* �体�� */
-/* 70- */
-    -1,
-    SC_SLOWPOISON,
-    -1,
-    SC_KYRIE,                   /* キリエエレイソン */
-    SC_MAGNIFICAT,              /* マグニフィカート */
-    SC_GLORIA,                  /* グロリア */
-    SC_DIVINA,                  /* レックスディビーナ */
-    -1,
-    SC_AETERNA,                 /* レックスエーテルナ */
-    -1,
-/* 80- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 90- */
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_QUAGMIRE,                /* クァグマイア */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 100- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 110- */
-    -1,
-    SC_ADRENALINE,              /* アドレナリンラッシュ */
-    SC_WEAPONPERFECTION,        /* ウェ�ンパーフェクション */
-    SC_OVERTHRUST,              /* オー�ートラスト */
-    SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER,           /* マキシマイズパワー */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 120- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 130- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_CLOAKING,                /* クローキング */
-    SC_STAN,                    /* ソニックブロー */
-    -1,
-    SC_ENCPOISON,               /* エン�ャント�イズン */
-    SC_POISONREACT,             /* �イズンリアクト */
-/* 140- */
-    SC_POISON,                  /* ベノムダスト */
-    SC_SPLASHER,                /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-    -1,
-    SC_TRICKDEAD,               /* 死ん��り */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 150- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_LOUD,                    /* ラウドボイス */
-    -1,
-    SC_ENERGYCOAT,              /* エナジーコート */
-    -1, -1,
-/* 160- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_SELFDESTRUCTION,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    -1,
-    SC_KEEPING,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_BARRIER,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_HALLUCINATION,
-    -1, -1,
-/* 210- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_STRIPWEAPON,
-    SC_STRIPSHIELD,
-    SC_STRIPARMOR,
-    SC_STRIPHELM,
-    -1,
-/* 220- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 230- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_CP_WEAPON,
-    SC_CP_SHIELD,
-    SC_CP_ARMOR,
-    SC_CP_HELM,
-    -1, -1,
-/* 240- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_AUTOGUARD,
-/* 250- */
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_REFLECTSHIELD,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_DEVOTION,
-    SC_PROVIDENCE,
-    SC_DEFENDER,
-    SC_SPEARSQUICKEN,
-    -1,
-/* 260- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_STEELBODY,
-    SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT,
-/* 270- */
-    SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS,
-    SC_EXTREMITYFIST,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_MAGICROD,
-    -1, -1, -1,
-/* 280- */
-    SC_FLAMELAUNCHER,
-    SC_FROSTWEAPON,
-    SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER,
-    SC_SEISMICWEAPON,
-    -1,
-    SC_VOLCANO,
-    SC_DELUGE,
-    SC_VIOLENTGALE,
-    SC_LANDPROTECTOR,
-    -1,
-/* 290- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 300- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_LULLABY,
-    SC_RICHMANKIM,
-    SC_ETERNALCHAOS,
-    SC_DRUMBATTLE,
-/* 310- */
-    SC_NIBELUNGEN,
-    SC_ROKISWEIL,
-    SC_INTOABYSS,
-    SC_SIEGFRIED,
-    -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_DISSONANCE,
-    -1,
-    SC_WHISTLE,
-/* 320- */
-    SC_ASSNCROS,
-    SC_POEMBRAGI,
-    SC_APPLEIDUN,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_UGLYDANCE,
-    -1,
-    SC_HUMMING,
-    SC_DONTFORGETME,
-    SC_FORTUNE,
-/* 330- */
-    SC_SERVICE4U,
-    SC_SELFDESTRUCTION,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 340- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 350- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_AURABLADE,
-    SC_PARRYING,
-    SC_CONCENTRATION,
-    SC_TENSIONRELAX,
-    SC_BERSERK,
-/* 360- */
-    SC_BERSERK,
-    SC_ASSUMPTIO,
-    SC_BASILICA,
-    -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_MAGICPOWER,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_GOSPEL,
-/* 370- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 380- */
-    SC_TRUESIGHT,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_WINDWALK,
-    SC_MELTDOWN,
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_CARTBOOST,
-    -1,
-    SC_CHASEWALK,
-/* 390- */
-    SC_REJECTSWORD,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-    SC_MARIONETTE,
-    -1,
-    SC_HEADCRUSH,
-    SC_JOINTBEAT,
-/* 400 */
-    -1, -1,
-    SC_MINDBREAKER,
-    SC_MEMORIZE,
-    SC_FOGWALL,
-    SC_SPIDERWEB,
-    -1, -1, -1, -1,
-/* 410- */
-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-};
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-struct skill_name_db skill_names[] = {
-    {AC_CHARGEARROW, "CHARGEARROW", "Charge_Arrow"},
-    {AC_CONCENTRATION, "CONCENTRATION", "Improve_Concentration"},
-    {AC_DOUBLE, "DOUBLE", "Double_Strafe"},
-    {AC_MAKINGARROW, "MAKINGARROW", "Arrow_Creation"},
-    {AC_OWL, "OWL", "Owl's_Eye"},
-    {AC_SHOWER, "SHOWER", "Arrow_Shower"},
-    {AC_VULTURE, "VULTURE", "Vulture's_Eye"},
-    {ALL_RESURRECTION, "RESURRECTION", "Resurrection"},
-    {AL_ANGELUS, "ANGELUS", "Angelus"},
-    {AL_BLESSING, "BLESSING", "Blessing"},
-    {AL_CRUCIS, "CRUCIS", "Signum_Crusis"},
-    {AL_CURE, "CURE", "Cure"},
-    {AL_DECAGI, "DECAGI", "Decrease_AGI"},
-    {AL_DEMONBANE, "DEMONBANE", "Demon_Bane"},
-    {AL_DP, "DP", "Divine_Protection"},
-    {AL_HEAL, "HEAL", "Heal"},
-    {AL_HOLYLIGHT, "HOLYLIGHT", "Holy_Light"},
-    {AL_HOLYWATER, "HOLYWATER", "Aqua_Benedicta"},
-    {AL_INCAGI, "INCAGI", "Increase_AGI"},
-    {AL_PNEUMA, "PNEUMA", "Pneuma"},
-    {AL_RUWACH, "RUWACH", "Ruwach"},
-    {AL_TELEPORT, "TELEPORT", "Teleport"},
-    {AL_WARP, "WARP", "Warp_Portal"},
-    {AM_ACIDTERROR, "ACIDTERROR", "Acid_Terror"},
-    {AM_AXEMASTERY, "AXEMASTERY", "Axe_Mastery"},
-    {AM_BERSERKPITCHER, "BERSERKPITCHER", "Berserk Pitcher"},
-    {AM_BIOETHICS, "BIOETHICS", "Bioethics"},
-    {AM_BIOTECHNOLOGY, "BIOTECHNOLOGY", "Biotechnology"},
-    {AM_CALLHOMUN, "CALLHOMUN", "Call_Homunculus"},
-    {AM_CANNIBALIZE, "CANNIBALIZE", "Bio_Cannibalize"},
-    {AM_CP_ARMOR, "ARMOR", "Chemical_Protection_Armor"},
-    {AM_CP_HELM, "HELM", "Chemical_Protection_Helm"},
-    {AM_CP_SHIELD, "SHIELD", "Chemical_Protection_Shield"},
-    {AM_CP_WEAPON, "WEAPON", "Chemical_Protection_Weapon"},
-    {AM_CREATECREATURE, "CREATECREATURE", "Life_Creation"},
-    {AM_CULTIVATION, "CULTIVATION", "Cultivation"},
-    {AM_DEMONSTRATION, "DEMONSTRATION", "Demonstration"},
-    {AM_DRILLMASTER, "DRILLMASTER", "Drillmaster"},
-    {AM_FLAMECONTROL, "FLAMECONTROL", "Flame_Control"},
-    {AM_HEALHOMUN, "HEALHOMUN", "Heal_Homunculus"},
-    {AM_LEARNINGPOTION, "LEARNINGPOTION", "AM_LEARNINGPOTION"},
-    {AM_PHARMACY, "PHARMACY", "Pharmacy"},
-    {AM_POTIONPITCHER, "POTIONPITCHER", "Potion_Pitcher"},
-    {AM_REST, "REST", "Sabbath"},
-    {AM_RESURRECTHOMUN, "RESURRECTHOMUN", "Ressurect_Homunculus"},
-    {AM_SPHEREMINE, "SPHEREMINE", "Sphere_Mine"},
-    {ASC_BREAKER, "BREAKER", "Breaker"},
-    {ASC_CDP, "CDP", "Create_Deadly_Poison"},
-    {ASC_EDP, "EDP", "Deadly_Poison_Enchantment"},
-    {ASC_HALLUCINATION, "HALLUCINATION", "Hallucination_Walk"},
-    {ASC_KATAR, "KATAR", "Advanced_Katar_Mastery"},
-    {ASC_METEORASSAULT, "METEORASSAULT", "Meteor_Assault"},
-    {AS_CLOAKING, "CLOAKING", "Cloaking"},
-    {AS_ENCHANTPOISON, "ENCHANTPOISON", "Enchant_Poison"},
-    {AS_GRIMTOOTH, "GRIMTOOTH", "Grimtooth"},
-    {AS_KATAR, "KATAR", "Katar_Mastery"},
-    {AS_LEFT, "LEFT", "Lefthand_Mastery"},
-    {AS_POISONREACT, "POISONREACT", "Poison_React"},
-    {AS_RIGHT, "RIGHT", "Righthand_Mastery"},
-    {AS_SONICBLOW, "SONICBLOW", "Sonic_Blow"},
-    {AS_SPLASHER, "SPLASHER", "Venom_Splasher"},
-    {AS_VENOMDUST, "VENOMDUST", "Venom_Dust"},
-    {BA_APPLEIDUN, "APPLEIDUN", "Apple_of_Idun"},
-    {BA_ASSASSINCROSS, "ASSASSINCROSS", "Assassin_Cross"},
-    {BA_DISSONANCE, "DISSONANCE", "Dissonance"},
-    {BA_FROSTJOKE, "FROSTJOKE", "Dumb_Joke"},
-    {BA_MUSICALLESSON, "MUSICALLESSON", "Musical_Lesson"},
-    {BA_MUSICALSTRIKE, "MUSICALSTRIKE", "Musical_Strike"},
-    {BA_POEMBRAGI, "POEMBRAGI", "Poem_of_Bragi"},
-    {BA_WHISTLE, "WHISTLE", "Whistle"},
-    {BD_ADAPTATION, "ADAPTATION", "Adaption"},
-    {BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD, "DRUMBATTLEFIELD", "Drumb_BattleField"},
-    {BD_ENCORE, "ENCORE", "Encore"},
-    {BD_ETERNALCHAOS, "ETERNALCHAOS", "Eternal_Chaos"},
-    {BD_INTOABYSS, "INTOABYSS", "Into_the_Abyss"},
-    {BD_LULLABY, "LULLABY", "Lullaby"},
-    {BD_RAGNAROK, "RAGNAROK", "Ragnarok"},
-    {BD_RICHMANKIM, "RICHMANKIM", "Rich_Mankim"},
-    {BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN, "RINGNIBELUNGEN", "Ring_of_Nibelugen"},
-    {BD_ROKISWEIL, "ROKISWEIL", "Loki's_Wail"},
-    {BD_SIEGFRIED, "SIEGFRIED", "Invulnerable_Siegfried"},
-    {BS_ADRENALINE, "ADRENALINE", "Adrenaline_Rush"},
-    {BS_ADRENALINE2, "ADRENALINE2", "Adrenaline Rush 2"},
-    {BS_AXE, "AXE", "Smith_Axe"},
-    {BS_DAGGER, "DAGGER", "Smith_Dagger"},
-    {BS_ENCHANTEDSTONE, "ENCHANTEDSTONE", "Enchantedstone_Craft"},
-    {BS_FINDINGORE, "FINDINGORE", "Ore_Discovery"},
-    {BS_HAMMERFALL, "HAMMERFALL", "Hammer_Fall"},
-    {BS_HILTBINDING, "HILTBINDING", "Hilt_Binding"},
-    {BS_IRON, "IRON", "Iron_Tempering"},
-    {BS_KNUCKLE, "KNUCKLE", "Smith_Knucklebrace"},
-    {BS_MACE, "MACE", "Smith_Mace"},
-    {BS_MAXIMIZE, "MAXIMIZE", "Power_Maximize"},
-    {BS_ORIDEOCON, "ORIDEOCON", "Orideocon_Research"},
-    {BS_OVERTHRUST, "OVERTHRUST", "Power-Thrust"},
-    {BS_REPAIRWEAPON, "REPAIRWEAPON", "Weapon_Repair"},
-    {BS_SKINTEMPER, "SKINTEMPER", "Skin_Tempering"},
-    {BS_SPEAR, "SPEAR", "Smith_Spear"},
-    {BS_STEEL, "STEEL", "Steel_Tempering"},
-    {BS_SWORD, "SWORD", "Smith_Sword"},
-    {BS_TWOHANDSWORD, "TWOHANDSWORD", "Smith_Two-handed_Sword"},
-    {BS_WEAPONPERFECT, "WEAPONPERFECT", "Weapon_Perfection"},
-    {BS_WEAPONRESEARCH, "WEAPONRESEARCH", "Weaponry_Research"},
-    {CG_ARROWVULCAN, "ARROWVULCAN", "Vulcan_Arrow"},
-    {CG_MARIONETTE, "MARIONETTE", "Marionette_Control"},
-    {CG_MOONLIT, "MOONLIT", "Moonlight_Petals"},
-    {CH_CHAINCRUSH, "CHAINCRUSH", "Chain_Crush_Combo"},
-    {CH_PALMSTRIKE, "PALMSTRIKE", "Palm_Push_Strike"},
-    {CH_SOULCOLLECT, "SOULCOLLECT", "Collect_Soul"},
-    {CH_TIGERFIST, "TIGERFIST", "Tiger_Knuckle_Fist"},
-    {CR_ALCHEMY, "ALCHEMY", "Alchemy"},
-    {CR_AUTOGUARD, "AUTOGUARD", "Guard"},
-    {CR_DEFENDER, "DEFENDER", "Defender"},
-    {CR_DEVOTION, "DEVOTION", "Sacrifice"},
-    {CR_GRANDCROSS, "GRANDCROSS", "Grand_Cross"},
-    {CR_HOLYCROSS, "HOLYCROSS", "Holy_Cross"},
-    {CR_PROVIDENCE, "PROVIDENCE", "Providence"},
-    {CR_REFLECTSHIELD, "REFLECTSHIELD", "Shield_Reflect"},
-    {CR_SHIELDBOOMERANG, "SHIELDBOOMERANG", "Shield_Boomerang"},
-    {CR_SHIELDCHARGE, "SHIELDCHARGE", "Shield_Charge"},
-    {CR_SPEARQUICKEN, "SPEARQUICKEN", "Spear_Quicken"},
-    {CR_SYNTHESISPOTION, "SYNTHESISPOTION", "Potion_Synthesis"},
-    {CR_TRUST, "TRUST", "Faith"},
-    {DC_DANCINGLESSON, "DANCINGLESSON", "Dancing_Lesson"},
-    {DC_DONTFORGETME, "DONTFORGETME", "Don't_Forget_Me"},
-    {DC_FORTUNEKISS, "FORTUNEKISS", "Fortune_Kiss"},
-    {DC_HUMMING, "HUMMING", "Humming"},
-    {DC_SCREAM, "SCREAM", "Scream"},
-    {DC_SERVICEFORYOU, "SERVICEFORYOU", "Prostitute"},
-    {DC_THROWARROW, "THROWARROW", "Throw_Arrow"},
-    {DC_UGLYDANCE, "UGLYDANCE", "Ugly_Dance"},
-    {HP_ASSUMPTIO, "ASSUMPTIO", "Assumptio"},
-    {HP_BASILICA, "BASILICA", "Basilica"},
-    {HP_MEDITATIO, "MEDITATIO", "Meditation"},
-    {HT_ANKLESNARE, "ANKLESNARE", "Ankle_Snare"},
-    {HT_BEASTBANE, "BEASTBANE", "Beast_Bane"},
-    {HT_BLASTMINE, "BLASTMINE", "Blast_Mine"},
-    {HT_BLITZBEAT, "BLITZBEAT", "Blitz_Beat"},
-    {HT_CLAYMORETRAP, "CLAYMORETRAP", "Claymore_Trap"},
-    {HT_DETECTING, "DETECTING", "Detect"},
-    {HT_FALCON, "FALCON", "Falconry_Mastery"},
-    {HT_FLASHER, "FLASHER", "Flasher"},
-    {HT_FREEZINGTRAP, "FREEZINGTRAP", "Freezing_Trap"},
-    {HT_LANDMINE, "LANDMINE", "Land_Mine"},
-    {HT_REMOVETRAP, "REMOVETRAP", "Remove_Trap"},
-    {HT_SANDMAN, "SANDMAN", "Sandman"},
-    {HT_SHOCKWAVE, "SHOCKWAVE", "Shockwave_Trap"},
-    {HT_SKIDTRAP, "SKIDTRAP", "Skid_Trap"},
-    {HT_SPRINGTRAP, "SPRINGTRAP", "Spring_Trap"},
-    {HT_STEELCROW, "STEELCROW", "Steel_Crow"},
-    {HT_TALKIEBOX, "TALKIEBOX", "Talkie_Box"},
-    {HW_MAGICCRASHER, "MAGICCRASHER", "Magic_Crasher"},
-    {HW_MAGICPOWER, "MAGICPOWER", "Magic_Power"},
-    {HW_NAPALMVULCAN, "NAPALMVULCAN", "Napalm_Vulcan"},
-    {HW_SOULDRAIN, "SOULDRAIN", "Soul_Drain"},
-    {KN_AUTOCOUNTER, "AUTOCOUNTER", "Counter_Attack"},
-    {KN_BOWLINGBASH, "BOWLINGBASH", "Bowling_Bash"},
-    {KN_BRANDISHSPEAR, "BRANDISHSPEAR", "Brandish_Spear"},
-    {KN_CAVALIERMASTERY, "CAVALIERMASTERY", "Cavalier_Mastery"},
-    {KN_PIERCE, "PIERCE", "Pierce"},
-    {KN_RIDING, "RIDING", "Peco_Peco_Ride"},
-    {KN_SPEARBOOMERANG, "SPEARBOOMERANG", "Spear_Boomerang"},
-    {KN_SPEARMASTERY, "SPEARMASTERY", "Spear_Mastery"},
-    {KN_SPEARSTAB, "SPEARSTAB", "Spear_Stab"},
-    {KN_TWOHANDQUICKEN, "TWOHANDQUICKEN", "Twohand_Quicken"},
-    {LK_AURABLADE, "AURABLADE", "Aura_Blade"},
-    {LK_BERSERK, "BERSERK", "Berserk"},
-    {LK_CONCENTRATION, "CONCENTRATION", "Concentration"},
-    {LK_FURY, "FURY", "LK_FURY"},
-    {LK_HEADCRUSH, "HEADCRUSH", "Head_Crusher"},
-    {LK_JOINTBEAT, "JOINTBEAT", "Joint_Beat"},
-    {LK_PARRYING, "PARRYING", "Parrying"},
-    {LK_SPIRALPIERCE, "SPIRALPIERCE", "Spiral_Pierce"},
-    {LK_TENSIONRELAX, "TENSIONRELAX", "Tension_Relax"},
-    {MC_CARTREVOLUTION, "CARTREVOLUTION", "Cart_Revolution"},
-    {MC_CHANGECART, "CHANGECART", "Change_Cart"},
-    {MC_DISCOUNT, "DISCOUNT", "Discount"},
-    {MC_IDENTIFY, "IDENTIFY", "Item_Appraisal"},
-    {MC_INCCARRY, "INCCARRY", "Enlarge_Weight_Limit"},
-    {MC_LOUD, "LOUD", "Lord_Exclamation"},
-    {MC_MAMMONITE, "MAMMONITE", "Mammonite"},
-    {MC_OVERCHARGE, "OVERCHARGE", "Overcharge"},
-    {MC_PUSHCART, "PUSHCART", "Pushcart"},
-    {MG_COLDBOLT, "COLDBOLT", "Cold_Bolt"},
-    {MG_ENERGYCOAT, "ENERGYCOAT", "Energy_Coat"},
-    {MG_FIREBALL, "FIREBALL", "Fire_Ball"},
-    {MG_FIREBOLT, "FIREBOLT", "Fire_Bolt"},
-    {MG_FIREWALL, "FIREWALL", "Fire_Wall"},
-    {MG_FROSTDIVER, "FROSTDIVER", "Frost_Diver"},
-    {MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT, "LIGHTNINGBOLT", "Lightening_Bolt"},
-    {MG_NAPALMBEAT, "NAPALMBEAT", "Napalm_Beat"},
-    {MG_SAFETYWALL, "SAFETYWALL", "Safety_Wall"},
-    {MG_SIGHT, "SIGHT", "Sight"},
-    {MG_SOULSTRIKE, "SOULSTRIKE", "Soul_Strike"},
-    {MG_SRECOVERY, "SRECOVERY", "Increase_SP_Recovery"},
-    {MG_STONECURSE, "STONECURSE", "Stone_Curse"},
-    {MG_THUNDERSTORM, "THUNDERSTORM", "Thunderstorm"},
-    {MO_ABSORBSPIRITS, "ABSORBSPIRITS", "Absorb_Spirits"},
-    {MO_BLADESTOP, "BLADESTOP", "Blade_Stop"},
-    {MO_BODYRELOCATION, "BODYRELOCATION", "Body_Relocation"},
-    {MO_CALLSPIRITS, "CALLSPIRITS", "Call_Spirits"},
-    {MO_CHAINCOMBO, "CHAINCOMBO", "Chain_Combo"},
-    {MO_COMBOFINISH, "COMBOFINISH", "Combo_Finish"},
-    {MO_DODGE, "DODGE", "Dodge"},
-    {MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, "EXPLOSIONSPIRITS", "Explosion_Spirits"},
-    {MO_EXTREMITYFIST, "EXTREMITYFIST", "Extremity_Fist"},
-    {MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE, "FINGEROFFENSIVE", "Finger_Offensive"},
-    {MO_INVESTIGATE, "INVESTIGATE", "Investigate"},
-    {MO_IRONHAND, "IRONHAND", "Iron_Hand"},
-    {MO_SPIRITSRECOVERY, "SPIRITSRECOVERY", "Spirit_Recovery"},
-    {MO_STEELBODY, "STEELBODY", "Steel_Body"},
-    {MO_TRIPLEATTACK, "TRIPLEATTACK", "Triple_Blows"},
-    {NPC_ATTRICHANGE, "ATTRICHANGE", "NPC_ATTRICHANGE"},
-    {NPC_BARRIER, "BARRIER", "NPC_BARRIER"},
-    {NPC_BLINDATTACK, "BLINDATTACK", "NPC_BLINDATTACK"},
-    {NPC_BLOODDRAIN, "BLOODDRAIN", "NPC_BLOODDRAIN"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEDARKNESS, "CHANGEDARKNESS", "NPC_CHANGEDARKNESS"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEFIRE, "CHANGEFIRE", "NPC_CHANGEFIRE"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEGROUND, "CHANGEGROUND", "NPC_CHANGEGROUND"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEHOLY, "CHANGEHOLY", "NPC_CHANGEHOLY"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEPOISON, "CHANGEPOISON", "NPC_CHANGEPOISON"},
-    {NPC_CHANGETELEKINESIS, "CHANGETELEKINESIS", "NPC_CHANGETELEKINESIS"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEWATER, "CHANGEWATER", "NPC_CHANGEWATER"},
-    {NPC_CHANGEWIND, "CHANGEWIND", "NPC_CHANGEWIND"},
-    {NPC_COMBOATTACK, "COMBOATTACK", "NPC_COMBOATTACK"},
-    {NPC_CRITICALSLASH, "CRITICALSLASH", "NPC_CRITICALSLASH"},
-    {NPC_CURSEATTACK, "CURSEATTACK", "NPC_CURSEATTACK"},
-    {NPC_DARKBLESSING, "DARKBLESSING", "NPC_DARKBLESSING"},
-    {NPC_DARKBREATH, "DARKBREATH", "NPC_DARKBREATH"},
-    {NPC_DARKCROSS, "DARKCROSS", "NPC_DARKCROSS"},
-    {NPC_DARKNESSATTACK, "DARKNESSATTACK", "NPC_DARKNESSATTACK"},
-    {NPC_DEFENDER, "DEFENDER", "NPC_DEFENDER"},
-    {NPC_EMOTION, "EMOTION", "NPC_EMOTION"},
-    {NPC_ENERGYDRAIN, "ENERGYDRAIN", "NPC_ENERGYDRAIN"},
-    {NPC_FIREATTACK, "FIREATTACK", "NPC_FIREATTACK"},
-    {NPC_GROUNDATTACK, "GROUNDATTACK", "NPC_GROUNDATTACK"},
-    {NPC_GUIDEDATTACK, "GUIDEDATTACK", "NPC_GUIDEDATTACK"},
-    {NPC_HALLUCINATION, "HALLUCINATION", "NPC_HALLUCINATION"},
-    {NPC_HOLYATTACK, "HOLYATTACK", "NPC_HOLYATTACK"},
-    {NPC_KEEPING, "KEEPING", "NPC_KEEPING"},
-    {NPC_LICK, "LICK", "NPC_LICK"},
-    {NPC_MAGICALATTACK, "MAGICALATTACK", "NPC_MAGICALATTACK"},
-    {NPC_MENTALBREAKER, "MENTALBREAKER", "NPC_MENTALBREAKER"},
-    {NPC_METAMORPHOSIS, "METAMORPHOSIS", "NPC_METAMORPHOSIS"},
-    {NPC_PETRIFYATTACK, "PETRIFYATTACK", "NPC_PETRIFYATTACK"},
-    {NPC_PIERCINGATT, "PIERCINGATT", "NPC_PIERCINGATT"},
-    {NPC_POISON, "POISON", "NPC_POISON"},
-    {NPC_POISONATTACK, "POISONATTACK", "NPC_POISONATTACK"},
-    {NPC_RANDOMATTACK, "RANDOMATTACK", "NPC_RANDOMATTACK"},
-    {NPC_RANGEATTACK, "RANGEATTACK", "NPC_RANGEATTACK"},
-    {NPC_REBIRTH, "REBIRTH", "NPC_REBIRTH"},
-    {NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION, "SELFDESTRUCTION", "Kabooooom!"},
-    {NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2, "SELFDESTRUCTION2", "NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2"},
-    {NPC_SILENCEATTACK, "SILENCEATTACK", "NPC_SILENCEATTACK"},
-    {NPC_SLEEPATTACK, "SLEEPATTACK", "NPC_SLEEPATTACK"},
-    {NPC_SMOKING, "SMOKING", "NPC_SMOKING"},
-    {NPC_SPLASHATTACK, "SPLASHATTACK", "NPC_SPLASHATTACK"},
-    {NPC_STUNATTACK, "STUNATTACK", "NPC_STUNATTACK"},
-    {NPC_SUICIDE, "SUICIDE", "NPC_SUICIDE"},
-    {NPC_SUMMONMONSTER, "SUMMONMONSTER", "NPC_SUMMONMONSTER"},
-    {NPC_SUMMONSLAVE, "SUMMONSLAVE", "NPC_SUMMONSLAVE"},
-    {NPC_TELEKINESISATTACK, "TELEKINESISATTACK", "NPC_TELEKINESISATTACK"},
-    {NPC_TRANSFORMATION, "TRANSFORMATION", "NPC_TRANSFORMATION"},
-    {NPC_WATERATTACK, "WATERATTACK", "NPC_WATERATTACK"},
-    {NPC_WINDATTACK, "WINDATTACK", "NPC_WINDATTACK"},
-    {NV_EMOTE, "EMOTE", "Emote_Skill"},
-    {NV_TRADE, "TRADE", "Trade_Skill"},
-    {NV_PARTY, "PARTY", "Party_Skill"},
-    {NV_FIRSTAID, "FIRSTAID", "First Aid"},
-    {NV_TRICKDEAD, "TRICKDEAD", "Play_Dead"},
-    {PA_GOSPEL, "GOSPEL", "Gospel"},
-    {PA_PRESSURE, "PRESSURE", "Pressure"},
-    {PA_SACRIFICE, "SACRIFICE", "Sacrificial_Ritual"},
-    {PF_FOGWALL, "FOGWALL", "Wall_of_Fog"},
-    {PF_HPCONVERSION, "HPCONVERSION", "Health_Conversion"},
-    {PF_MEMORIZE, "MEMORIZE", "Memorize"},
-    {PF_MINDBREAKER, "MINDBREAKER", "Mind_Breaker"},
-    {PF_SOULBURN, "SOULBURN", "Soul_Burn"},
-    {PF_SOULCHANGE, "SOULCHANGE", "Soul_Change"},
-    {PF_SPIDERWEB, "SPIDERWEB", "Spider_Web"},
-    {PR_ASPERSIO, "ASPERSIO", "Aspersio"},
-    {PR_BENEDICTIO, "BENEDICTIO", "B.S_Sacramenti"},
-    {PR_GLORIA, "GLORIA", "Gloria"},
-    {PR_IMPOSITIO, "IMPOSITIO", "Impositio_Manus"},
-    {PR_KYRIE, "KYRIE", "Kyrie_Eleison"},
-    {PR_LEXAETERNA, "LEXAETERNA", "Lex_Aeterna"},
-    {PR_LEXDIVINA, "LEXDIVINA", "Lex_Divina"},
-    {PR_MACEMASTERY, "MACEMASTERY", "Mace_Mastery"},
-    {PR_MAGNIFICAT, "MAGNIFICAT", "Magnificat"},
-    {PR_MAGNUS, "MAGNUS", "Magnus_Exorcismus"},
-    {PR_SANCTUARY, "SANCTUARY", "Santuary"},
-    {PR_SLOWPOISON, "SLOWPOISON", "Slow_Poison"},
-    {PR_STRECOVERY, "STRECOVERY", "Status_Recovery"},
-    {PR_SUFFRAGIUM, "SUFFRAGIUM", "Suffragium"},
-    {PR_TURNUNDEAD, "TURNUNDEAD", "Turn_Undead"},
-    {RG_BACKSTAP, "BACKSTAP", "Back_Stab"},
-    {RG_CLEANER, "CLEANER", "Remover"},
-    {RG_COMPULSION, "COMPULSION", "Compulsion_Discount"},
-    {RG_FLAGGRAFFITI, "FLAGGRAFFITI", "Flag_Graffity"},
-    {RG_GANGSTER, "GANGSTER", "Gangster's_Paradise"},
-    {RG_GRAFFITI, "GRAFFITI", "Graffiti"},
-    {RG_INTIMIDATE, "INTIMIDATE", "Intimidate"},
-    {RG_PLAGIARISM, "PLAGIARISM", "Plagiarism"},
-    {RG_RAID, "RAID", "Raid"},
-    {RG_SNATCHER, "SNATCHER", "Snatcher"},
-    {RG_STEALCOIN, "STEALCOIN", "Steal_Coin"},
-    {RG_STRIPARMOR, "STRIPARMOR", "Strip_Armor"},
-    {RG_STRIPHELM, "STRIPHELM", "Strip_Helm"},
-    {RG_STRIPSHIELD, "STRIPSHIELD", "Strip_Shield"},
-    {RG_STRIPWEAPON, "STRIPWEAPON", "Strip_Weapon"},
-    {RG_TUNNELDRIVE, "TUNNELDRIVE", "Tunnel_Drive"},
-    {SA_ABRACADABRA, "ABRACADABRA", "Hocus-pocus"},
-    {SA_ADVANCEDBOOK, "ADVANCEDBOOK", "Advanced_Book"},
-    {SA_AUTOSPELL, "AUTOSPELL", "Auto_Cast"},
-    {SA_CASTCANCEL, "CASTCANCEL", "Cast_Cancel"},
-    {SA_CLASSCHANGE, "CLASSCHANGE", "Class_Change"},
-    {SA_COMA, "COMA", "Coma"},
-    {SA_DEATH, "DEATH", "Death"},
-    {SA_DELUGE, "DELUGE", "Deluge"},
-    {SA_DISPELL, "DISPELL", "Dispel"},
-    {SA_DRAGONOLOGY, "DRAGONOLOGY", "Dragonology"},
-    {SA_FLAMELAUNCHER, "FLAMELAUNCHER", "Flame_Launcher"},
-    {SA_FORTUNE, "FORTUNE", "Fortune"},
-    {SA_FREECAST, "FREECAST", "Cast_Freedom"},
-    {SA_FROSTWEAPON, "FROSTWEAPON", "Frost_Weapon"},
-    {SA_FULLRECOVERY, "FULLRECOVERY", "Full_Recovery"},
-    {SA_GRAVITY, "GRAVITY", "Gravity"},
-    {SA_INSTANTDEATH, "INSTANTDEATH", "Instant_Death"},
-    {SA_LANDPROTECTOR, "LANDPROTECTOR", "Land_Protector"},
-    {SA_LEVELUP, "LEVELUP", "Level_Up"},
-    {SA_LIGHTNINGLOADER, "LIGHTNINGLOADER", "Lightning_Loader"},
-    {SA_MAGICROD, "MAGICROD", "Magic_Rod"},
-    {SA_MONOCELL, "MONOCELL", "Monocell"},
-    {SA_QUESTION, "QUESTION", "Question?"},
-    {SA_REVERSEORCISH, "REVERSEORCISH", "Reverse_Orcish"},
-    {SA_SEISMICWEAPON, "SEISMICWEAPON", "Seismic_Weapon"},
-    {SA_SPELLBREAKER, "SPELLBREAKER", "Break_Spell"},
-    {SA_SUMMONMONSTER, "SUMMONMONSTER", "Summon_Monster"},
-    {SA_VIOLENTGALE, "VIOLENTGALE", "Violent_Gale"},
-    {SA_VOLCANO, "VOLCANO", "Volcano"},
-    {SG_DEVIL, "DEVIL", "Devil"},
-    {SG_FEEL, "FEEL", "Feel"},
-    {SG_FRIEND, "FRIEND", "Friend"},
-    {SG_FUSION, "FUSION", "Fusion"},
-    {SG_HATE, "HATE", "Hate"},
-    {SG_KNOWLEDGE, "KNOWLEDGE", "Knowledge"},
-    {SG_MOON_ANGER, "ANGER", "Moon Anger"},
-    {SG_MOON_BLESS, "BLESS", "Moon Bless"},
-    {SG_MOON_COMFORT, "COMFORT", "Moon Comfort"},
-    {SG_MOON_WARM, "WARM", "Moon Warm"},
-    {SG_STAR_ANGER, "ANGER", "Star Anger"},
-    {SG_STAR_BLESS, "BLESS", "Star Bless"},
-    {SG_STAR_COMFORT, "COMFORT", "Star Comfort"},
-    {SG_STAR_WARM, "WARM", "Star Warm"},
-    {SG_SUN_ANGER, "ANGER", "Sun Anger"},
-    {SG_SUN_BLESS, "BLESS", "Sun Bless"},
-    {SG_SUN_COMFORT, "COMFORT", "Sun Comfort"},
-    {SG_SUN_WARM, "WARM", "Sun Warm"},
-    {SL_ALCHEMIST, "ALCHEMIST", "Alchemist"},
-    {SL_ASSASIN, "ASSASIN", "Assasin"},
-    {SL_BARDDANCER, "BARDDANCER", "Bard Dancer"},
-    {SL_BLACKSMITH, "BLACKSMITH", "Black Smith"},
-    {SL_CRUSADER, "CRUSADER", "Crusader"},
-    {SL_HUNTER, "HUNTER", "Hunter"},
-    {SL_KAAHI, "KAAHI", "Kaahi"},
-    {SL_KAINA, "KAINA", "Kaina"},
-    {SL_KAITE, "KAITE", "Kaite"},
-    {SL_KAIZEL, "KAIZEL", "Kaizel"},
-    {SL_KAUPE, "KAUPE", "Kaupe"},
-    {SL_KNIGHT, "KNIGHT", "Knight"},
-    {SL_MONK, "MONK", "Monk"},
-    {SL_PRIEST, "PRIEST", "Priest"},
-    {SL_ROGUE, "ROGUE", "Rogue"},
-    {SL_SAGE, "SAGE", "Sage"},
-    {SL_SKA, "SKA", "SKA"},
-    {SL_SKE, "SKE", "SKE"},
-    {SL_SMA, "SMA", "SMA"},
-    {SL_SOULLINKER, "SOULLINKER", "Soul Linker"},
-    {SL_STAR, "STAR", "Star"},
-    {SL_STIN, "STIN", "Stin"},
-    {SL_STUN, "STUN", "Stun"},
-    {SL_SUPERNOVICE, "SUPERNOVICE", "Super Novice"},
-    {SL_SWOO, "SWOO", "Swoo"},
-    {SL_WIZARD, "WIZARD", "Wizard"},
-    {SM_AUTOBERSERK, "AUTOBERSERK", "Auto_Berserk"},
-    {SM_BASH, "BASH", "Bash"},
-    {SM_ENDURE, "ENDURE", "Endure"},
-    {SM_FATALBLOW, "FATALBLOW", "Attack_Weak_Point"},
-    {SM_MAGNUM, "MAGNUM", "Magnum_Break"},
-    {SM_MOVINGRECOVERY, "MOVINGRECOVERY", "Moving_HP_Recovery"},
-    {SM_PROVOKE, "PROVOKE", "Provoke"},
-    {SM_RECOVERY, "RECOVERY", "Increase_HP_Recovery"},
-    {SM_SWORD, "SWORD", "Sword_Mastery"},
-    {SM_TWOHAND, "TWOHAND", "Two-Handed_Sword_Mastery"},
-    {SN_FALCONASSAULT, "FALCONASSAULT", "Falcon_Assault"},
-    {SN_SHARPSHOOTING, "SHARPSHOOTING", "Sharpshooting"},
-    {SN_SIGHT, "SIGHT", "True_Sight"},
-    {SN_WINDWALK, "WINDWALK", "Wind_Walk"},
-    {ST_CHASEWALK, "CHASEWALK", "Chase_Walk"},
-    {ST_REJECTSWORD, "REJECTSWORD", "Reject_Sword"},
-    {ST_STEALBACKPACK, "STEALBACKPACK", "Steal_Backpack"},
-    {TF_BACKSLIDING, "BACKSLIDING", "Back_Sliding"},
-    {TF_DETOXIFY, "DETOXIFY", "Detoxify"},
-    {TF_DOUBLE, "DOUBLE", "Double_Attack"},
-    {TF_HIDING, "HIDING", "Hiding"},
-    {TF_MISS, "MISS", "Improve_Dodge"},
-    {TF_PICKSTONE, "PICKSTONE", "Take_Stone"},
-    {TF_POISON, "POISON", "Envenom"},
-    {TF_SPRINKLESAND, "SPRINKLESAND", "Throw_Sand"},
-    {TF_STEAL, "STEAL", "Steal"},
-    {TF_THROWSTONE, "THROWSTONE", "Throw_Stone"},
-    {TK_COUNTER, "COUNTER", "Counter"},
-    {TK_DODGE, "DODGE", "Dodge"},
-    {TK_DOWNKICK, "DOWNKICK", "Down Kick"},
-    {TK_HIGHJUMP, "HIGHJUMP", "High Jump"},
-    {TK_HPTIME, "HPTIME", "HP Time"},
-    {TK_JUMPKICK, "JUMPKICK", "Jump Kick"},
-    {TK_POWER, "POWER", "Power"},
-    {TK_READYCOUNTER, "READYCOUNTER", "Ready Counter"},
-    {TK_READYDOWN, "READYDOWN", "Ready Down"},
-    {TK_READYSTORM, "READYSTORM", "Ready Storm"},
-    {TK_READYTURN, "READYTURN", "Ready Turn"},
-    {TK_RUN, "RUN", "TK_RUN"},
-    {TK_SEVENWIND, "SEVENWIND", "Seven Wind"},
-    {TK_SPTIME, "SPTIME", "SP Time"},
-    {TK_STORMKICK, "STORMKICK", "Storm Kick"},
-    {TK_TURNKICK, "TURNKICK", "Turn Kick"},
-    {WE_BABY, "BABY", "Adopt_Baby"},
-    {WE_CALLBABY, "CALLBABY", "Call_Baby"},
-    {WE_CALLPARENT, "CALLPARENT", "Call_Parent"},
-    {WE_CALLPARTNER, "CALLPARTNER", "I Want to See You"},
-    {WE_FEMALE, "FEMALE", "I Only Look Up to You"},
-    {WE_MALE, "MALE", "I Will Protect You"},
-    {WS_CARTBOOST, "CARTBOOST", "Cart_Boost"},
-    {WS_CREATECOIN, "CREATECOIN", "Create_Coins"},
-    {WS_CREATENUGGET, "CREATENUGGET", "Create_Nuggets"},
-    {WS_MELTDOWN, "MELTDOWN", "Meltdown"},
-    {WS_SYSTEMCREATE, "SYSTEMCREATE", "Create_System_tower"},
-    {WZ_EARTHSPIKE, "EARTHSPIKE", "Earth_Spike"},
-    {WZ_ESTIMATION, "ESTIMATION", "Sense"},
-    {WZ_FIREIVY, "FIREIVY", "Fire_Ivy"},
-    {WZ_FIREPILLAR, "FIREPILLAR", "Fire_Pillar"},
-    {WZ_FROSTNOVA, "FROSTNOVA", "Frost_Nova"},
-    {WZ_HEAVENDRIVE, "HEAVENDRIVE", "Heaven's_Drive"},
-    {WZ_ICEWALL, "ICEWALL", "Ice_Wall"},
-    {WZ_JUPITEL, "JUPITEL", "Jupitel_Thunder"},
-    {WZ_METEOR, "METEOR", "Meteor_Storm"},
-    {WZ_QUAGMIRE, "QUAGMIRE", "Quagmire"},
-    {WZ_SIGHTRASHER, "SIGHTRASHER", "Sightrasher"},
-    {WZ_STORMGUST, "STORMGUST", "Storm_Gust"},
-    {WZ_VERMILION, "VERMILION", "Lord_of_Vermilion"},
-    {WZ_WATERBALL, "WATERBALL", "Water_Ball"},
-    {0, 0, 0}
-};
+struct skill_name_db skill_names[] =
+{
+    {SkillID::AC_OWL, "OWL", "Owl's_Eye"},
 
-static const int dirx[8] = { 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
-static const int diry[8] = { 1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1 };
+    {SkillID::NPC_EMOTION, "EMOTION", "NPC_EMOTION"},
+    {SkillID::NPC_POISON, "POISON", "NPC_POISON"},
+    {SkillID::NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION, "SELFDESTRUCTION", "Kabooooom!"},
+    {SkillID::NPC_SUMMONSLAVE, "SUMMONSLAVE", "NPC_SUMMONSLAVE"},
 
-static int rdamage;
+    {SkillID::NV_EMOTE, "EMOTE", "Emote_Skill"},
+    {SkillID::NV_TRADE, "TRADE", "Trade_Skill"},
+    {SkillID::NV_PARTY, "PARTY", "Party_Skill"},
 
-/* スキルデータベース */
-struct skill_db skill_db[MAX_SKILL_DB];
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC, "MAGIC", "General Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_LIFE, "MAGIC_LIFE", "Life Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_WAR, "MAGIC_WAR", "War Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_TRANSMUTE, "MAGIC_TRANSMUTE", "Transmutation Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_NATURE, "MAGIC_NATURE", "Nature Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_ETHER, "MAGIC_ETHER", "Astral Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_DARK, "MAGIC_DARK", "Dark Magic"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_MAGIC_LIGHT, "MAGIC_LIGHT", "Light Magic"},
+
+    {SkillID::TMW_BRAWLING, "BRAWLING", "Brawling"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_LUCKY_COUNTER, "LUCKY_COUNTER", "Lucky Counter"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_SPEED, "SPEED", "Speed"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_RESIST_POISON, "RESIST_POISON", "Resist Poison"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL, "ASTRAL_SOUL", "Astral Soul"},
+    {SkillID::TMW_RAGING, "RAGING", "Raging"},
+
+    {SkillID::ZERO, nullptr, nullptr}
+};
 
-#define UNARMED_PLAYER_DAMAGE_MIN(bl)	(skill_power_bl((bl), TMW_BRAWLING) >> 4)   // +50 for 200
-#define UNARMED_PLAYER_DAMAGE_MAX(bl)	(skill_power_bl((bl), TMW_BRAWLING))    // +200 for 200
+earray<struct skill_db, SkillID, SkillID::MAX_SKILL_DB> skill_db;
 
-int skill_get_hit (int id)
+
+static
+int skill_attack(BF attack_type, struct block_list *src,
+        struct block_list *dsrc, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv, tick_t tick, BCT flag);
+static
+void skill_devotion_end(struct map_session_data *md,
+        struct map_session_data *sd, int target);
+static
+void skill_status_change_timer(TimerData *tid, tick_t tick,
+        int id, StatusChange type);
+
+int skill_get_hit(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].hit;
 }
 
-int skill_get_inf (int id)
+int skill_get_inf(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].inf;
 }
 
-int skill_get_pl (int id)
-{
-    return skill_db[id].pl;
-}
-
-int skill_get_nk (int id)
+int skill_get_nk(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].nk;
 }
 
-int skill_get_max (int id)
+int skill_get_max(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].max;
 }
 
-int skill_get_max_raise (int id)
+int skill_get_max_raise(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].max_raise;
 }
 
-int skill_get_range (int id, int lv)
+int skill_get_range(SkillID id, int lv)
 {
     return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].range[lv - 1];
 }
 
-int skill_get_hp (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].hp[lv - 1];
-}
-
-int skill_get_sp (int id, int lv)
+int skill_get_sp(SkillID id, int lv)
 {
     return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].sp[lv - 1];
 }
 
-int skill_get_zeny (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].zeny[lv - 1];
-}
-
-int skill_get_num (int id, int lv)
+int skill_get_num(SkillID id, int lv)
 {
     return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].num[lv - 1];
 }
 
-int skill_get_cast (int id, int lv)
+int skill_get_cast(SkillID id, int lv)
 {
     return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].cast[lv - 1];
 }
 
-int skill_get_delay (int id, int lv)
+int skill_get_delay(SkillID id, int lv)
 {
     return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].delay[lv - 1];
 }
 
-int skill_get_time (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].upkeep_time[lv - 1];
-}
-
-int skill_get_time2 (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].upkeep_time2[lv - 1];
-}
-
-int skill_get_castdef (int id)
-{
-    return skill_db[id].cast_def_rate;
-}
-
-int skill_get_weapontype (int id)
-{
-    return skill_db[id].weapon;
-}
-
-int skill_get_inf2 (int id)
+int skill_get_inf2(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].inf2;
 }
 
-int skill_get_maxcount (int id)
+int skill_get_maxcount(SkillID id)
 {
     return skill_db[id].maxcount;
 }
 
-int skill_get_blewcount (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].blewcount[lv - 1];
-}
-
-int skill_get_mhp (int id, int lv)
-{
-    return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].mhp[lv - 1];
-}
-
 static
-int skill_get_castnodex (int id, int lv)
+int skill_get_castnodex(SkillID id, int lv)
 {
     return (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[id].castnodex[lv - 1];
 }
 
-/* プロトタイプ */
-struct skill_unit_group *skill_unitsetting (struct block_list *src,
-                                            int skillid, int skilllv, int x,
-                                            int y, int flag);
-int  skill_check_condition (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-int  skill_frostjoke_scream (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-int  skill_status_change_timer_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-int  skill_attack_area (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-int  skill_clear_element_field (struct block_list *bl);
-int  skill_landprotector (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-int  skill_trap_splash (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-int  skill_count_target (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-
-// [MouseJstr] - skill ok to cast? and when?
-static int skillnotok (int skillid, struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    if (sd == 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (pc_isGM (sd) >= 20)
-        return 0;               // gm's can do anything damn thing they want
-    switch (skillid)
-    {
-        case AL_WARP:
-        case AL_TELEPORT:
-        case MC_IDENTIFY:
-            return 0;           // always allowed
-        default:
-            return (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noskill);
-    }
-}
-
-static int distance (int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
+static
+int distance(int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
 {
-    int  dx, dy;
+    int dx, dy;
 
-    dx = abs (x0 - x1);
-    dy = abs (y0 - y1);
+    dx = abs(x0 - x1);
+    dy = abs(y0 - y1);
     return dx > dy ? dx : dy;
 }
 
-/* スキルユニットIDを返�（�れもデータベース�入れ���） */
-int skill_get_unit_id (int id, int flag)
-{
-
-    switch (id)
-    {
-        case MG_SAFETYWALL:
-            return 0x7e;        /* セイフティウォール */
-        case MG_FIREWALL:
-            return 0x7f;        /* ファイアーウォール */
-        case AL_WARP:
-            return (flag == 0) ? 0x81 : 0x80;   /* ワープ�ータル */
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:
-            return 0x82;        /* �体�� */
-        case PR_SANCTUARY:
-            return 0x83;        /* サンク�ュアリ */
-        case PR_MAGNUS:
-            return 0x84;        /* マグヌスエクソシズム */
-        case AL_PNEUMA:
-            return 0x85;        /* ニューマ */
-        case MG_THUNDERSTORM:
-            return 0x86;        /* サンダーストーム */
-        case WZ_HEAVENDRIVE:
-            return 0x86;        /* ヘヴンズドライブ */
-        case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-            return 0x86;        /* サイトラッシャー */
-        case WZ_METEOR:
-            return 0x86;        /* メテオストーム */
-        case WZ_VERMILION:
-            return 0x86;        /* ロードオブヴァーミリオン */
-        case WZ_FROSTNOVA:
-            return 0x86;        /* フロストノヴァ */
-        case WZ_STORMGUST:
-            return 0x86;        /* ストームガスト(�り���LoV����処�) */
-        case CR_GRANDCROSS:
-            return 0x86;        /* グランドクロス */
-        case WZ_FIREPILLAR:
-            return (flag == 0) ? 0x87 : 0x88;   /* ファイアーピラー */
-        case HT_TALKIEBOX:
-            return 0x99;        /* トーキーボックス */
-        case WZ_ICEWALL:
-            return 0x8d;        /* アイスウォール */
-        case WZ_QUAGMIRE:
-            return 0x8e;        /* クァグマイア */
-        case HT_BLASTMINE:
-            return 0x8f;        /* ブラストマイン */
-        case HT_SKIDTRAP:
-            return 0x90;        /* スキッドトラップ */
-        case HT_ANKLESNARE:
-            return 0x91;        /* アンクルス�ア */
-        case AS_VENOMDUST:
-            return 0x92;        /* ベノムダスト */
-        case HT_LANDMINE:
-            return 0x93;        /* ランドマイン */
-        case HT_SHOCKWAVE:
-            return 0x94;        /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-        case HT_SANDMAN:
-            return 0x95;        /* サンドマン */
-        case HT_FLASHER:
-            return 0x96;        /* フラッシャー */
-        case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:
-            return 0x97;        /* フリージングトラップ */
-        case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:
-            return 0x98;        /* クレイモアートラップ */
-        case SA_VOLCANO:
-            return 0x9a;        /* ボルケーノ */
-        case SA_DELUGE:
-            return 0x9b;        /* デリュージ */
-        case SA_VIOLENTGALE:
-            return 0x9c;        /* �イオレントゲイル */
-        case SA_LANDPROTECTOR:
-            return 0x9d;        /* ランドプロテクター */
-        case BD_LULLABY:
-            return 0x9e;        /* �守歌 */
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:
-            return 0x9f;        /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:
-            return 0xa0;        /* 永��混沌 */
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:
-            return 0xa1;        /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:
-            return 0xa2;        /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:
-            return 0xa3;        /* ロキ��� */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:
-            return 0xa4;        /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:
-            return 0xa5;        /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case BA_DISSONANCE:
-            return 0xa6;        /* ��和音 */
-        case BA_WHISTLE:
-            return 0xa7;        /* �笛 */
-        case BA_ASSASSINCROSS:
-            return 0xa8;        /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-        case BA_POEMBRAGI:
-            return 0xa9;        /* ブラギ�詩 */
-        case BA_APPLEIDUN:
-            return 0xaa;        /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-        case DC_UGLYDANCE:
-            return 0xab;        /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-        case DC_HUMMING:
-            return 0xac;        /* �ミング */
-        case DC_DONTFORGETME:
-            return 0xad;        /* �を忘れ���… */
-        case DC_FORTUNEKISS:
-            return 0xae;        /* 幸��キス */
-        case DC_SERVICEFORYOU:
-            return 0xaf;        /* サービスフォーユー */
-        case RG_GRAFFITI:
-            return 0xb0;        /* グラフィティ */
-        case AM_DEMONSTRATION:
-            return 0xb1;        /* デモンストレーション */
-        case WE_CALLPARTNER:
-            return 0xb2;        /* ����逢��� */
-        case PA_GOSPEL:
-            return 0xb3;        /* ゴスペル */
-        case HP_BASILICA:
-            return 0xb4;        /* �ジリカ */
-        case PF_FOGWALL:
-            return 0xb6;        /* フォグウォール */
-        case PF_SPIDERWEB:
-            return 0xb7;        /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-    }
-    return 0;
-    /*
-     * 0x89,0x8a,0x8b 表示無�
-     * 0x9a 炎属性�詠唱����エフェクト
-     * 0x9b 水属性�詠唱����エフェクト
-     * 0x9c 風属性�詠唱����エフェクト
-     * 0x9d 白����エフェクト
-     * 0xb1 Alchemist Demonstration
-     * 0xb2 = Pink Warp Portal
-     * 0xb3 = Gospel For Paladin
-     * 0xb4 = Basilica
-     * 0xb5 = Empty
-     * 0xb6 = Fog Wall for Professor
-     * 0xb7 = Spider Web for Professor
-     * 0xb8 = Empty
-     * 0xb9 =
-     */
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * スキル追加効果
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_additional_effect (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                             int skillid, int skilllv, int attack_type,
-                             unsigned int tick)
+int skill_additional_effect(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv)
 {
-    /* MOB追加効果スキル用 */
-    const int sc[] = {
-        SC_POISON, SC_BLIND, SC_SILENCE, SC_STAN,
-        SC_STONE, SC_CURSE, SC_SLEEP
-    };
-    const int sc2[] = {
-        MG_STONECURSE, MG_FROSTDIVER, NPC_STUNATTACK,
-        NPC_SLEEPATTACK, TF_POISON, NPC_CURSEATTACK,
-        NPC_SILENCEATTACK, 0, NPC_BLINDATTACK
-    };
-
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct map_session_data *dstsd = NULL;
     struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    struct mob_data *dstmd = NULL;
 
-    int  skill, skill2;
-    int  rate, luk;
+    int luk;
 
-    int  sc_def_mdef, sc_def_vit, sc_def_int, sc_def_luk;
-    int  sc_def_mdef2, sc_def_vit2, sc_def_int2, sc_def_luk2;
-    int  sc_def_phys_shield_spell;
+    int sc_def_mdef, sc_def_vit, sc_def_int, sc_def_luk;
+    int sc_def_phys_shield_spell;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(src);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
     if (skilllv < 0)
         return 0;
 
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
+    if (src->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) src);
+        sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
+        nullpo_ret(sd);
     }
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (src->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) src);  //未使用？
+        md = (struct mob_data *) src;
+        nullpo_ret(md);  //未使用？
     }
 
     sc_def_phys_shield_spell = 0;
-    if (battle_get_sc_data (bl)[SC_PHYS_SHIELD].timer != -1)
+    if (battle_get_sc_data(bl)[StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD].timer)
         sc_def_phys_shield_spell =
-            battle_get_sc_data (bl)[SC_PHYS_SHIELD].val1;
+            battle_get_sc_data(bl)[StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD].val1;
 
     //対象��性
-    luk = battle_get_luk (bl);
-    sc_def_mdef = 100 - (3 + battle_get_mdef (bl) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_vit = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit (bl) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_int = 100 - (3 + battle_get_int (bl) + luk / 3);
+    luk = battle_get_luk(bl);
+    sc_def_mdef = 100 - (3 + battle_get_mdef(bl) + luk / 3);
+    sc_def_vit = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit(bl) + luk / 3);
+    sc_def_int = 100 - (3 + battle_get_int(bl) + luk / 3);
     sc_def_luk = 100 - (3 + luk);
     //自分��性
-    luk = battle_get_luk (src);
-    sc_def_mdef2 = 100 - (3 + battle_get_mdef (src) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_vit2 = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit (src) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_int2 = 100 - (3 + battle_get_int (src) + luk / 3);
-    sc_def_luk2 = 100 - (3 + luk);
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        dstsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    luk = battle_get_luk(src);
+
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        dstmd = (struct mob_data *) bl; //未使用？
         if (sc_def_mdef > 50)
             sc_def_mdef = 50;
         if (sc_def_vit > 50)
@@ -1104,561 +208,13 @@ int skill_additional_effect (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
 
     switch (skillid)
     {
-        case 0:                /* 通常攻撃 */
-            /* 自動鷹 */
-            if (sd && pc_isfalcon (sd) && sd->status.weapon == 11
-                && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HT_BLITZBEAT)) > 0
-                && MRAND (1000) <= sd->paramc[5] * 10 / 3 + 1)
-            {
-                int  lv = (sd->status.job_level + 9) / 10;
-                skill_castend_damage_id (src, bl, HT_BLITZBEAT,
-                                         (skill < lv) ? skill : lv, tick,
-                                         0xf00000);
-            }
-            // スナッ�ャー
-            if (sd && sd->status.weapon != 11
-                && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, RG_SNATCHER)) > 0)
-                if ((skill * 15 + 55) +
-                    (skill2 =
-                     pc_checkskill (sd, TF_STEAL)) * 10 > MRAND (1000))
-                {
-                    if (pc_steal_item (sd, bl))
-                        clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, TF_STEAL, skill2, 1);
-                    else
-                        clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                }
+        case SkillID::NPC_POISON:
+            // blame Fate for this
+            if (random_::chance({50 - (sc_def_vit >> 2) - (sc_def_phys_shield_spell) + (skilllv >> 2), 100}))
+                skill_status_change_start(bl, StatusChange::SC_POISON, skilllv, static_cast<interval_t>(skilllv));
             break;
-
-        case SM_BASH:          /* �ッシュ（急所攻撃） */
-            if (sd && (skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SM_FATALBLOW)) > 0)
-            {
-                if (MRAND (100) < 6 * (skilllv - 5) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time2 (SM_FATALBLOW,
-                                                                skilllv), 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case TF_POISON:        /* インベナム */
-        case AS_SPLASHER:      /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (2 * skilllv + 10) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_POISON, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            else
-            {
-                if (sd && skillid == TF_POISON)
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case AS_SONICBLOW:     /* ソニックブロー */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (2 * skilllv + 10) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:  /* フリージングトラップ */
-            rate = skilllv * 3 + 35;
-            if (MRAND (100) < rate * sc_def_mdef / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_FREEZE, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case MG_FROSTDIVER:    /* フロストダイ�ー */
-        case WZ_FROSTNOVA:     /* フロストノヴァ */
-            rate =
-                (skilllv * 3 + 35) * sc_def_mdef / 100 -
-                (battle_get_int (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl)) / 15;
-            rate = rate <= 5 ? 5 : rate;
-            if (MRAND (100) < rate)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_FREEZE, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            else if (sd)
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_STORMGUST:     /* ストームガスト */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            if (sc_data)
-            {
-                sc_data[SC_FREEZE].val3++;
-                if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].val3 >= 3)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_FREEZE, skilllv, 0, 0,
-                                               0, skill_get_time2 (skillid,
-                                                                   skilllv),
-                                               0);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case HT_LANDMINE:      /* ランドマイン */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (5 * skilllv + 30) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case HT_SHOCKWAVE:     /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-            if (map[bl->m].flag.pvp && dstsd)
-            {
-                dstsd->status.sp -=
-                    dstsd->status.sp * (5 + 15 * skilllv) / 100;
-                pc_calcstatus (dstsd, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-        case HT_SANDMAN:       /* サンドマン */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (5 * skilllv + 30) * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_SLEEP, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case TF_SPRINKLESAND:  /* 砂�� */
-            if (MRAND (100) < 15 * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case TF_THROWSTONE:    /* 石投� */
-            if (MRAND (100) < 5 * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case CR_HOLYCROSS:     /* ホーリークロス */
-            if (MRAND (100) < 3 * skilllv * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case CR_GRANDCROSS:    /* グランドクロス */
-        {
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            if ((battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl)) || race == 6) && MRAND (100) < 100000 * sc_def_int / 100)    //強制付与��完全�性��無効
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case CR_SHIELDCHARGE:  /* シールド�ャージ */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (15 + skilllv * 5) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case RG_RAID:          /* サプライズアタック */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (10 + 3 * skilllv) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            if (MRAND (100) < (10 + 3 * skilllv) * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case BA_FROSTJOKE:
-            if (MRAND (100) < (15 + 5 * skilllv) * sc_def_mdef / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_FREEZE, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case DC_SCREAM:
-            if (MRAND (100) < (25 + 5 * skilllv) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守唄 */
-            if (MRAND (100) < 15 * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_SLEEP, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-            /* MOB�追加効果付�スキル */
-
-        case NPC_PETRIFYATTACK:
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_def_mdef)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, sc[skillid - NPC_POISON],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case NPC_POISON:
-        case NPC_SILENCEATTACK:
-        case NPC_STUNATTACK:
-            if (MRAND (100) <
-                50 - (sc_def_vit >> 2) - (sc_def_phys_shield_spell) +
-                (skilllv >> 2))
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, sc[skillid - NPC_POISON],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0, skilllv, 0);
-            break;
-        case NPC_CURSEATTACK:
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_def_luk)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, sc[skillid - NPC_POISON],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case NPC_SLEEPATTACK:
-        case NPC_BLINDATTACK:
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_def_int)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, sc[skillid - NPC_POISON],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case NPC_MENTALBREAKER:
-            if (dstsd)
-            {
-                int  sp = dstsd->status.max_sp * (10 + skilllv) / 100;
-                if (sp < 1)
-                    sp = 1;
-                pc_heal (dstsd, 0, -sp);
-            }
-            break;
-
-// -- moonsoul (adding status effect chance given to wizard aoe skills meteor and vermillion)
-//
-        case WZ_METEOR:
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_def_vit)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case WZ_VERMILION:
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_def_int)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-// -- moonsoul (stun ability of new champion skill tigerfist)
-//
-        case CH_TIGERFIST:
-            if (MRAND (100) < (5 + skilllv * 5) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case LK_SPIRALPIERCE:
-            if (MRAND (100) < (15 + skilllv * 5) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case ST_REJECTSWORD:   /* フリージングトラップ */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (10 + skilllv * 5))
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_AUTOCOUNTER, skilllv, 0, 0,
-                                           0, skill_get_time2 (skillid,
-                                                               skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case PF_FOGWALL:       /* ホーリークロス */
-            if (MRAND (100) < 3 * skilllv * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case LK_HEADCRUSH:     /* ヘッドクラッシュ */
-        {                       //�件�良�分�ら�����当�
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            if (!
-                (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl))
-                 || race == 6)
-                && MRAND (100) < (2 * skilllv + 10) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_HEADCRUSH, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case LK_JOINTBEAT:     /* ジョイントビート */
-            //�件�良�分�ら�����当�
-            if (MRAND (100) < (2 * skilllv + 10) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_JOINTBEAT, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case PF_SPIDERWEB:     /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-        {
-            int  sec = skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv);
-            if (map[src->m].flag.pvp)   //PvP��拘�時間�減？
-                sec = sec / 2;
-            battle_stopwalking (bl, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_SPIDERWEB, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       sec, 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case ASC_METEORASSAULT:    /* メテオアサルト */
-            if (MRAND (100) < (15 + skilllv * 5) * sc_def_vit / 100)    //状態異常�詳細�分�ら�����当�
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            if (MRAND (100) < (10 + 3 * skilllv) * sc_def_int / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-        case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: /* 阿修羅覇凰拳 */
-            //阿修羅を使��5分間自然回復���よ���る
-            skill_status_change_start (src, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-    }
-
-    if (sd && skillid != MC_CARTREVOLUTION && attack_type & BF_WEAPON)
-    {                           /* カード�よる追加効果 */
-        int  i;
-        int  sc_def_card = 100;
-
-        for (i = SC_STONE; i <= SC_BLIND; i++)
-        {
-            //対象�状態異常
-            if (i == SC_STONE || i == SC_FREEZE)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_mdef;
-            else if (i == SC_STAN || i == SC_POISON || i == SC_SILENCE)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_vit;
-            else if (i == SC_SLEEP || i == SC_CONFUSION || i == SC_BLIND)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_int;
-            else if (i == SC_CURSE)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_luk;
-
-            if (!sd->state.arrow_atk)
-            {
-                if (MRAND (10000) <
-                    (sd->addeff[i - SC_STONE]) * sc_def_card / 100)
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.battle_log)
-                        printf
-                            ("PC %d skill_addeff: card�よる異常発動 %d %d\n",
-                             sd->bl.id, i, sd->addeff[i - SC_STONE]);
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, i, 7, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               (i ==
-                                                SC_CONFUSION) ? 10000 +
-                                               7000 :
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sc2
-                                                                [i -
-                                                                 SC_STONE],
-                                                                7), 0);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (MRAND (10000) <
-                    (sd->addeff[i - SC_STONE] +
-                     sd->arrow_addeff[i - SC_STONE]) * sc_def_card / 100)
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.battle_log)
-                        printf
-                            ("PC %d skill_addeff: card�よる異常発動 %d %d\n",
-                             sd->bl.id, i, sd->addeff[i - SC_STONE]);
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, i, 7, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               (i ==
-                                                SC_CONFUSION) ? 10000 +
-                                               7000 :
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sc2
-                                                                [i -
-                                                                 SC_STONE],
-                                                                7), 0);
-                }
-            }
-            //自分�状態異常
-            if (i == SC_STONE || i == SC_FREEZE)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_mdef2;
-            else if (i == SC_STAN || i == SC_POISON || i == SC_SILENCE)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_vit2;
-            else if (i == SC_SLEEP || i == SC_CONFUSION || i == SC_BLIND)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_int2;
-            else if (i == SC_CURSE)
-                sc_def_card = sc_def_luk2;
-
-            if (!sd->state.arrow_atk)
-            {
-                if (MRAND (10000) <
-                    (sd->addeff2[i - SC_STONE]) * sc_def_card / 100)
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.battle_log)
-                        printf
-                            ("PC %d skill_addeff: card�よる異常発動 %d %d\n",
-                             src->id, i, sd->addeff2[i - SC_STONE]);
-                    skill_status_change_start (src, i, 7, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               (i ==
-                                                SC_CONFUSION) ? 10000 +
-                                               7000 :
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sc2
-                                                                [i -
-                                                                 SC_STONE],
-                                                                7), 0);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (MRAND (10000) <
-                    (sd->addeff2[i - SC_STONE] +
-                     sd->arrow_addeff2[i - SC_STONE]) * sc_def_card / 100)
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.battle_log)
-                        printf
-                            ("PC %d skill_addeff: card�よる異常発動 %d %d\n",
-                             src->id, i, sd->addeff2[i - SC_STONE]);
-                    skill_status_change_start (src, i, 7, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               (i ==
-                                                SC_CONFUSION) ? 10000 +
-                                               7000 :
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sc2
-                                                                [i -
-                                                                 SC_STONE],
-                                                                7), 0);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*=========================================================================
- スキル攻撃��飛��処�
--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-static
-int skill_blown (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target, int count)
-{
-    int  dx = 0, dy = 0, nx, ny;
-    int  x = target->x, y = target->y;
-    int  ret, prev_state = MS_IDLE;
-    int  moveblock;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    struct skill_unit *su = NULL;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, target);
-
-    if (target->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) target);
-    }
-    else if (target->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) target);
-    }
-    else if (target->type == BL_SKILL)
-    {
-        nullpo_retr (0, su = (struct skill_unit *) target);
-    }
-    else
-        return 0;
-
-    if (!(count & 0x10000 && (sd || md || su)))
-    {                           /* 指定���ら�置関係�ら方�を求�る */
-        dx = target->x - src->x;
-        dx = (dx > 0) ? 1 : ((dx < 0) ? -1 : 0);
-        dy = target->y - src->y;
-        dy = (dy > 0) ? 1 : ((dy < 0) ? -1 : 0);
-    }
-    if (dx == 0 && dy == 0)
-    {
-        int  dir = battle_get_dir (target);
-        if (dir >= 0 && dir < 8)
-        {
-            dx = -dirx[dir];
-            dy = -diry[dir];
-        }
-    }
-
-    ret = path_blownpos (target->m, x, y, dx, dy, count & 0xffff);
-    nx = ret >> 16;
-    ny = ret & 0xffff;
-    moveblock = (x / BLOCK_SIZE != nx / BLOCK_SIZE
-                 || y / BLOCK_SIZE != ny / BLOCK_SIZE);
-
-    if (count & 0x20000)
-    {
-        battle_stopwalking (target, 1);
-        if (sd)
-        {
-            sd->to_x = nx;
-            sd->to_y = ny;
-            sd->walktimer = 1;
-            clif_walkok (sd);
-            clif_movechar (sd);
-        }
-        else if (md)
-        {
-            md->to_x = nx;
-            md->to_y = ny;
-            prev_state = md->state.state;
-            md->state.state = MS_WALK;
-            clif_fixmobpos (md);
-        }
-    }
-    else
-        battle_stopwalking (target, 2);
-
-    dx = nx - x;
-    dy = ny - y;
-
-    if (sd)                     /* 画�外�出���消去 */
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_pcoutsight, target->m, x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               y - AREA_SIZE, x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
-                               dx, dy, 0, sd);
-    else if (md)
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_moboutsight, target->m, x - AREA_SIZE,
-                               y - AREA_SIZE, x + AREA_SIZE, y + AREA_SIZE,
-                               dx, dy, BL_PC, md);
-
-    if (su)
-    {
-        skill_unit_move_unit_group (su->group, target->m, dx, dy);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-//      struct status_change *sc_data=battle_get_sc_data(target);
-        if (moveblock)
-            map_delblock (target);
-        target->x = nx;
-        target->y = ny;
-        if (moveblock)
-            map_addblock (target);
-/*ダンス中�エフェクト�移動���ら��
-		if(sc_data && sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer!=-1){ //対象�ダンス中���エフェクトも移動
-			struct skill_unit_group *sg=(struct skill_unit_group *)sc_data[SC_DANCING].val2;
-			if(sg)
-				skill_unit_move_unit_group(sg,target->m,dx,dy);
-		}
-*/
-    }
-
-    if (sd)
-    {                           /* 画�内�入������表示 */
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_pcinsight, target->m, nx - AREA_SIZE,
-                               ny - AREA_SIZE, nx + AREA_SIZE, ny + AREA_SIZE,
-                               -dx, -dy, 0, sd);
-        if (count & 0x20000)
-            sd->walktimer = -1;
-    }
-    else if (md)
-    {
-        map_foreachinmovearea (clif_mobinsight, target->m, nx - AREA_SIZE,
-                               ny - AREA_SIZE, nx + AREA_SIZE, ny + AREA_SIZE,
-                               -dx, -dy, BL_PC, md);
-        if (count & 0x20000)
-            md->state.state = prev_state;
     }
 
-    skill_unit_move (target, gettick (), (count & 0xffff) + 7); /* スキルユニット�判定 */
-
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1666,1409 +222,210 @@ int skill_blown (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target, int count)
  * =========================================================================
  * スキル攻撃効果処����
  * flag�説明。16進図
- *	00XRTTff
- *  ff	= magic�計算�渡�れる）
- *	TT	= パケット�type部分(0�デフォルト）
+ *      00XRTTff
+ *  ff  = magic�計算�渡�れる）
+ *      TT      = パケット�type部分(0�デフォルト）
  *  X   = パケット�スキルLv
- *  R	= 予約（skill_area_sub�使用�る）
+ *  R   = 予約（skill_area_sub�使用�る）
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
-int skill_attack (int attack_type, struct block_list *src,
-                  struct block_list *dsrc, struct block_list *bl, int skillid,
-                  int skilllv, unsigned int tick, int flag)
+int skill_attack(BF attack_type, struct block_list *src,
+        struct block_list *dsrc, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv, tick_t tick, BCT flag)
 {
     struct Damage dmg;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  type, lv, damage;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int type, lv, damage;
 
-    rdamage = 0;
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, dsrc);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_ret(src);
+    nullpo_ret(dsrc);
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
 
 //何も���判定���ら
     if (dsrc->m != bl->m)       //対象���マップ����れ�何も���
         return 0;
     if (src->prev == NULL || dsrc->prev == NULL || bl->prev == NULL)    //prevよ���ら��※
         return 0;
-    if (src->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) src))  //術者？�PC����死ん���ら何も���
-        return 0;
-    if (dsrc->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) dsrc))    //術者？�PC����死ん���ら何も���
-        return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) bl))    //対象�PC����死ん���ら何も���
-        return 0;
-    if (skillnotok (skillid, (struct map_session_data *) bl))
-        return 0;               // [MouseJstr]
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_HIDING].timer != -1)
-    {                           //�イディング状態�
-        if (skill_get_pl (skillid) != 2)    //スキル�属性�地属性���れ�何も���
-            return 0;
-    }
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_TRICKDEAD].timer != -1)   //死ん��り中�何も���
+    if (src->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) src))  //術者？�PC����死ん���ら何も���
         return 0;
-    if (skillid == WZ_STORMGUST)
-    {                           //使用スキル�ストームガスト�
-        if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1)  //��状態�ら何も���
-            return 0;
-    }
-    if (skillid == WZ_FROSTNOVA && dsrc->x == bl->x && dsrc->y == bl->y)    //使用スキル�フロストノヴァ��dsrc�bl���場所�ら何も���
+    if (dsrc->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) dsrc))    //術者？�PC����死ん���ら何も���
         return 0;
-    if (src->type == BL_PC && ((struct map_session_data *) src)->chatID)    //術者�PC��ャット中�ら何も���
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) bl))    //対象�PC����死ん���ら何も���
         return 0;
-    if (dsrc->type == BL_PC && ((struct map_session_data *) dsrc)->chatID)  //術者�PC��ャット中�ら何も���
+    if (src->type == BL::PC && ((struct map_session_data *) src)->chatID)    //術者�PC��ャット中�ら何も���
         return 0;
-    if (src->type == BL_PC && bl
-        && mob_gvmobcheck (((struct map_session_data *) src), bl) == 0)
+    if (dsrc->type == BL::PC && ((struct map_session_data *) dsrc)->chatID)  //術者�PC��ャット中�ら何も���
         return 0;
 
 //何も���判定����
 
     type = -1;
-    lv = (flag >> 20) & 0xf;
-    dmg = battle_calc_attack (attack_type, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, flag & 0xff); //ダメージ計算
-
-//マジックロッド処����ら
-    if (attack_type & BF_MAGIC && sc_data && sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].timer != -1
-        && src == dsrc)
-    {                           //魔法攻撃�マジックロッド状態�src=dsrc�ら
-        dmg.damage = dmg.damage2 = 0;   //ダメージ0
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        {                       //対象�PC�場�
-            int  sp = skill_get_sp (skillid, skilllv);  //使用�れ�スキル�SPを��
-            sp = sp * sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].val2 / 100;  //��率計算
-            if (skillid == WZ_WATERBALL && skilllv > 1) //ウォーターボールLv1以上
-                sp = sp / ((skilllv | 1) * (skilllv | 1));  //�ら�計算？
-            if (sp > 0x7fff)
-                sp = 0x7fff;    //SP多���場���論最大値
-            else if (sp < 1)
-                sp = 1;         //1以下�場��1
-            if (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.sp + sp >
-                ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.max_sp)
-            {                   //回復SP+�在�SP�MSPより大��場�
-                sp = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.max_sp - ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.sp; //SPをMSP-�在SP��る
-                ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.sp = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.max_sp;  //�在�SP�MSPを代入
-            }
-            else                //回復SP+�在�SP�MSPより���場��回復SPを加算
-                ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->status.sp += sp;
-            clif_heal (((struct map_session_data *) bl)->fd, SP_SP, sp);    //SP回復エフェクト�表示
-            ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->canact_tick = tick + skill_delayfix (bl, skill_get_delay (SA_MAGICROD, sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].val1));   //
-        }
-        clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, SA_MAGICROD, sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].val1, 1);    //マジックロッドエフェクトを表示
-    }
-//マジックロッド処�����
+    lv = flag.level;
+    dmg = battle_calc_attack(attack_type, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, flag.lo); //ダメージ計算
 
     damage = dmg.damage + dmg.damage2;
 
     if (lv == 15)
         lv = -1;
 
-    if (flag & 0xff00)
-        type = (flag & 0xff00) >> 8;
-
-    if (damage <= 0 || damage < dmg.div_)   //��飛��判定？※
-        dmg.blewcount = 0;
-
-    if (skillid == CR_GRANDCROSS)
-    {                           //グランドクロス
-        if (battle_config.gx_disptype)
-            dsrc = src;         // 敵ダメージ白文字表示
-        if (src == bl)
-            type = 4;           // �動�ダメージモーション��
-    }
-
-//使用者�PC�場��処����ら
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-//連打掌(MO_CHAINCOMBO)���ら
-        if (skillid == MO_CHAINCOMBO)
-        {
-            int  delay = 1000 - 4 * battle_get_agi (src) - 2 * battle_get_dex (src);    //基本ディレイ�計算
-            if (damage < battle_get_hp (bl))
-            {                   //ダメージ�対象�HPより���場�
-                if (pc_checkskill (sd, MO_COMBOFINISH) > 0 && sd->spiritball > 0)   //猛�拳(MO_COMBOFINISH)�得＆気���時�+300ms
-                    delay += 300 * battle_config.combo_delay_rate / 100;    //追加ディレイをconf�より調整
-
-                skill_status_change_start (src, SC_COMBO, MO_CHAINCOMBO, skilllv, 0, 0, delay, 0);  //コンボ状態�
-            }
-            sd->attackabletime = sd->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
-            clif_combo_delay (src, delay);  //コンボディレイパケット��信
-        }
-//連打掌(MO_CHAINCOMBO)����
-//猛�拳(MO_COMBOFINISH)���ら
-        else if (skillid == MO_COMBOFINISH)
-        {
-            int  delay =
-                700 - 4 * battle_get_agi (src) - 2 * battle_get_dex (src);
-            if (damage < battle_get_hp (bl))
-            {
-                //阿修羅覇凰拳(MO_EXTREMITYFIST)�得＆気�4個��＆爆裂波動(MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS)状態時�+300ms
-                //�虎拳(CH_TIGERFIST)�得時も+300ms
-                if ((pc_checkskill (sd, MO_EXTREMITYFIST) > 0
-                     && sd->spiritball >= 4
-                     && sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].timer != -1)
-                    || (pc_checkskill (sd, CH_TIGERFIST) > 0
-                        && sd->spiritball > 0)
-                    || (pc_checkskill (sd, CH_CHAINCRUSH) > 0
-                        && sd->spiritball > 1))
-                    delay += 300 * battle_config.combo_delay_rate / 100;    //追加ディレイをconf�より調整
-
-                skill_status_change_start (src, SC_COMBO, MO_COMBOFINISH, skilllv, 0, 0, delay, 0); //コンボ状態�
-            }
-            sd->attackabletime = sd->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
-            clif_combo_delay (src, delay);  //コンボディレイパケット��信
-        }
-//猛�拳(MO_COMBOFINISH)����
-//�虎拳(CH_TIGERFIST)���ら
-        else if (skillid == CH_TIGERFIST)
-        {
-            int  delay =
-                1000 - 4 * battle_get_agi (src) - 2 * battle_get_dex (src);
-            if (damage < battle_get_hp (bl))
-            {
-                if (pc_checkskill (sd, CH_CHAINCRUSH) > 0)  //連柱崩撃(CH_CHAINCRUSH)�得時�+300ms
-                    delay += 300 * battle_config.combo_delay_rate / 100;    //追加ディレイをconf�より調整
-
-                skill_status_change_start (src, SC_COMBO, CH_TIGERFIST, skilllv, 0, 0, delay, 0);   //コンボ状態�
-            }
-            sd->attackabletime = sd->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
-            clif_combo_delay (src, delay);  //コンボディレイパケット��信
-        }
-//�虎拳(CH_TIGERFIST)����
-//連柱崩撃(CH_CHAINCRUSH)���ら
-        else if (skillid == CH_CHAINCRUSH)
-        {
-            int  delay =
-                1000 - 4 * battle_get_agi (src) - 2 * battle_get_dex (src);
-            if (damage < battle_get_hp (bl))
-            {
-                //阿修羅覇凰拳(MO_EXTREMITYFIST)�得＆気�4個��＆爆裂波動(MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS)状態時�+300ms
-                if (pc_checkskill (sd, MO_EXTREMITYFIST) > 0
-                    && sd->spiritball >= 4
-                    && sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].timer != -1)
-                    delay += 300 * battle_config.combo_delay_rate / 100;    //追加ディレイをconf�より調整
-
-                skill_status_change_start (src, SC_COMBO, CH_CHAINCRUSH, skilllv, 0, 0, delay, 0);  //コンボ状態�
-            }
-            sd->attackabletime = sd->canmove_tick = tick + delay;
-            clif_combo_delay (src, delay);  //コンボディレイパケット��信
-        }
-//連柱崩撃(CH_CHAINCRUSH)����
-    }
-//使用者�PC�場��処�����
-//武器スキル？���ら
-    //AppleGirl Was Here
-    if (attack_type & BF_MAGIC && damage > 0 && src != bl && src == dsrc)
-    {                           //Blah Blah
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        {                       //Blah Blah
-            struct map_session_data *tsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-            if (tsd->magic_damage_return > 0)
-            {                   //More Blah
-                rdamage += damage * tsd->magic_damage_return / 100;
-                if (rdamage < 1)
-                    rdamage = 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    //Stop Here
-    if (attack_type & BF_WEAPON && damage > 0 && src != bl && src == dsrc)
-    {                           //武器スキル＆ダメージ�り＆使用者�対象者���＆src=dsrc
-        if (dmg.flag & BF_SHORT)
-        {                       //近�離攻撃時？※
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {                   //対象�PC�時
-                struct map_session_data *tsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                nullpo_retr (0, tsd);
-                if (tsd->short_weapon_damage_return > 0)
-                {               //近�離攻撃跳�返�？※
-                    rdamage += damage * tsd->short_weapon_damage_return / 100;
-                    if (rdamage < 1)
-                        rdamage = 1;
-                }
-            }
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_REFLECTSHIELD].timer != -1)
-            {                   //リフレクトシールド時
-                rdamage += damage * sc_data[SC_REFLECTSHIELD].val2 / 100;   //跳�返�計算
-                if (rdamage < 1)
-                    rdamage = 1;
-            }
-        }
-        else if (dmg.flag & BF_LONG)
-        {                       //��離攻撃時？※
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {                   //対象�PC�時
-                struct map_session_data *tsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                nullpo_retr (0, tsd);
-                if (tsd->long_weapon_damage_return > 0)
-                {               //��離攻撃跳�返�？※
-                    rdamage += damage * tsd->long_weapon_damage_return / 100;
-                    if (rdamage < 1)
-                        rdamage = 1;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (rdamage > 0)
-            clif_damage (src, src, tick, dmg.amotion, 0, rdamage, 1, 4, 0);
-    }
-//武器スキル？����
+    if (flag.mid)
+        type = flag.mid;
 
     switch (skillid)
     {
-        case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-            clif_skill_damage (src, bl, tick, dmg.amotion, dmg.dmotion,
-                               damage, dmg.div_, skillid,
-                               (lv != 0) ? lv : skilllv, 5);
-            break;
-        case AS_SPLASHER:
-            clif_skill_damage (dsrc, bl, tick, dmg.amotion, dmg.dmotion,
-                               damage, dmg.div_, skillid, -1, 5);
-            break;
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2:
+        case SkillID::NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:
             break;
         default:
-            clif_skill_damage (dsrc, bl, tick, dmg.amotion, dmg.dmotion,
+            clif_skill_damage(dsrc, bl, tick, dmg.amotion, dmg.dmotion,
                                damage, dmg.div_, skillid,
                                (lv != 0) ? lv : skilllv,
-                               (skillid == 0) ? 5 : type);
-    }
-    if (dmg.blewcount > 0 && !map[src->m].flag.gvg)
-    {                           /* ��飛��処����パケット */
-        if (skillid == WZ_SIGHTRASHER)
-            skill_blown (src, bl, dmg.blewcount);
-        else
-            skill_blown (dsrc, bl, dmg.blewcount);
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-            clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-        else
-            clif_fixpos (bl);
+                               (skillid == SkillID::ZERO) ? 5 : type);
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
+    map_freeblock_lock();
     /* 実際�ダメージ処�を行� */
-    if (skillid != KN_BOWLINGBASH || flag)
-        battle_damage (src, bl, damage, 0);
-    if (skillid == RG_INTIMIDATE && damage > 0
-        && !(battle_get_mode (bl) & 0x20) && !map[src->m].flag.gvg)
-    {
-        int  s_lv = battle_get_lv (src), t_lv = battle_get_lv (bl);
-        int  rate = 50 + skilllv * 5;
-        rate = rate + (s_lv - t_lv);
-        if (MRAND (100) < rate)
-            skill_addtimerskill (src, tick + 800, bl->id, 0, 0, skillid,
-                                 skilllv, 0, flag);
-    }
-/*
-	if(damage > 0 && dmg.flag&BF_SKILL && bl->type==BL_PC && pc_checkskill((struct map_session_data *)bl,RG_PLAGIARISM)){
-		struct map_session_data *tsd = (struct map_session_data *)bl;
-		nullpo_retr(0, tsd);
-		if(!tsd->status.skill[skillid].id && !tsd->status.skill[skillid].id
-			&& !(skillid > NPC_PIERCINGATT && skillid < NPC_SUMMONMONSTER) ){
-			//既�盗ん��るスキル��れ�該当スキルを消�
-			if (tsd->cloneskill_id && tsd->cloneskill_lv && tsd->status.skill[tsd->cloneskill_id].flag==13){
-				tsd->status.skill[tsd->cloneskill_id].id=0;
-				tsd->status.skill[tsd->cloneskill_id].lv=0;
-				tsd->status.skill[tsd->cloneskill_id].flag=0;
-			}
-			tsd->cloneskill_id=skillid;
-			tsd->cloneskill_lv=skilllv;
-			tsd->status.skill[skillid].id=skillid;
-			tsd->status.skill[skillid].lv=(pc_checkskill(tsd,RG_PLAGIARISM) > skill_get_max(skillid))?
-							skill_get_max(skillid):pc_checkskill(tsd,RG_PLAGIARISM);
-			tsd->status.skill[skillid].flag=13;//cloneskill flag
-			clif_skillinfoblock(tsd);
-		}
-	}
-*/
+    battle_damage(src, bl, damage, 0);
+
     /* ダメージ��る�ら追加効果判定 */
     if (bl->prev != NULL)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-        if (bl->type != BL_PC || (sd && !pc_isdead (sd)))
+        nullpo_ret(sd);
+        if (bl->type != BL::PC || (sd && !pc_isdead(sd)))
         {
             if (damage > 0)
-                skill_additional_effect (src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                         attack_type, tick);
-            if (bl->type == BL_MOB && src != bl)    /* スキル使用�件�MOBスキル */
+                skill_additional_effect(src, bl, skillid, skilllv);
+            if (bl->type == BL::MOB && src != bl)    /* スキル使用�件�MOBスキル */
             {
                 struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-                nullpo_retr (0, md);
+                nullpo_ret(md);
                 if (battle_config.mob_changetarget_byskill == 1)
                 {
-                    int  target;
+                    int target;
                     target = md->target_id;
-                    if (src->type == BL_PC)
+                    if (src->type == BL::PC)
                         md->target_id = src->id;
-                    mobskill_use (md, tick, MSC_SKILLUSED | (skillid << 16));
+                    mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY);
                     md->target_id = target;
                 }
                 else
-                    mobskill_use (md, tick, MSC_SKILLUSED | (skillid << 16));
+                    mobskill_use(md, tick, MobSkillCondition::ANY);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if (src->type == BL_PC && dmg.flag & BF_WEAPON && src != bl && src == dsrc
+    if (src->type == BL::PC
+        && bool(dmg.flag & BF::WEAPON)
+        && src != bl
+        && src == dsrc
         && damage > 0)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-        int  hp = 0, sp = 0;
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+        int hp = 0, sp = 0;
+        nullpo_ret(sd);
         if (sd->hp_drain_rate && dmg.damage > 0
-            && MRAND (100) < sd->hp_drain_rate)
+            && random_::chance({sd->hp_drain_rate, 100}))
         {
             hp += (dmg.damage * sd->hp_drain_per) / 100;
         }
         if (sd->hp_drain_rate_ && dmg.damage2 > 0
-            && MRAND (100) < sd->hp_drain_rate_)
+            && random_::chance({sd->hp_drain_rate_, 100}))
         {
             hp += (dmg.damage2 * sd->hp_drain_per_) / 100;
         }
         if (sd->sp_drain_rate > 0 && dmg.damage > 0
-            && MRAND (100) < sd->sp_drain_rate)
+            && random_::chance({sd->sp_drain_rate, 100}))
         {
             sp += (dmg.damage * sd->sp_drain_per) / 100;
         }
         if (sd->sp_drain_rate_ > 0 && dmg.damage2 > 0
-            && MRAND (100) < sd->sp_drain_rate_)
+            && random_::chance({sd->sp_drain_rate_, 100}))
         {
             sp += (dmg.damage2 * sd->sp_drain_per_) / 100;
         }
         if (hp || sp)
-            pc_heal (sd, hp, sp);
-    }
-
-    if ((skillid != KN_BOWLINGBASH || flag) && rdamage > 0)
-        battle_damage (bl, src, rdamage, 0);
-
-    if (attack_type & BF_WEAPON && sc_data
-        && sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1
-        && sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val4 > 0)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val3 == dsrc->id)
-            battle_weapon_attack (bl, dsrc, tick,
-                                  0x8000 | sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].val1);
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_AUTOCOUNTER, -1);
+            pc_heal(sd, hp, sp);
     }
 
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
+    map_freeblock_unlock();
 
     return (dmg.damage + dmg.damage2);  /* 与ダメを返� */
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * スキル範囲攻撃用(map_foreachinarea�ら呼�れる)
- * flag����：16進図を確�
- * MSB <- 00fTffff ->LSB
- *	T	=ターゲット�択用(BCT_*)
- *  ffff=自由�使用�能
- *  0	=予約。0�固定
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int skill_area_temp[8];  /* 一時変数。必��ら使�。 */
-typedef int (*SkillFunc) (struct block_list *, struct block_list *, int, int,
-                          unsigned int, int);
-static
-int skill_area_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  skill_id, skill_lv, flag;
-    unsigned int tick;
-    SkillFunc func;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB && bl->type != BL_SKILL)
-        return 0;
-
-    src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *); //����src�値を�照�������NULL�ェック����
-    skill_id = va_arg (ap, int);
-    skill_lv = va_arg (ap, int);
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-    flag = va_arg (ap, int);
-    func = va_arg (ap, SkillFunc);
-
-    if (battle_check_target (src, bl, flag) > 0)
-        func (src, bl, skill_id, skill_lv, tick, flag);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int skill_check_unit_range_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    int *c, x, y, range, sx[4], sy[4];
-    int  t_range, tx[4], ty[4];
-    int  i, r_flag, skillid;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = (struct skill_unit *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL || bl->type != BL_SKILL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (!unit->alive)
-        return 0;
+typedef int(*SkillFunc)(struct block_list *, struct block_list *,
+        SkillID, int,
+        tick_t, BCT);
 
-    x = va_arg (ap, int);
-    y = va_arg (ap, int);
-    range = va_arg (ap, int);
-    skillid = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    if (skillid == MG_SAFETYWALL || skillid == AL_PNEUMA)
-    {
-        if (unit->group->unit_id != 0x7e && unit->group->unit_id != 0x85)
-            return 0;
-    }
-    else if (skillid == AL_WARP)
-    {
-        if ((unit->group->unit_id < 0x8f || unit->group->unit_id > 0x99)
-            && unit->group->unit_id != 0x92)
-            return 0;
-    }
-    else if ((skillid >= HT_SKIDTRAP && skillid <= HT_CLAYMORETRAP)
-             || skillid == HT_TALKIEBOX)
-    {
-        if ((unit->group->unit_id < 0x8f || unit->group->unit_id > 0x99)
-            && unit->group->unit_id != 0x92)
-            return 0;
-    }
-    else if (skillid == WZ_FIREPILLAR)
-    {
-        if (unit->group->unit_id != 0x87)
-            return 0;
-    }
-    else
-        return 0;
-    t_range = (unit->range != 0) ? unit->range : unit->group->range;
-    tx[0] = tx[3] = unit->bl.x - t_range;
-    tx[1] = tx[2] = unit->bl.x + t_range;
-    ty[0] = ty[1] = unit->bl.y - t_range;
-    ty[2] = ty[3] = unit->bl.y + t_range;
-    sx[0] = sx[3] = x - range;
-    sx[1] = sx[2] = x + range;
-    sy[0] = sy[1] = y - range;
-    sy[2] = sy[3] = y + range;
-    for (i = r_flag = 0; i < 4; i++)
-    {
-        if (sx[i] >= tx[0] && sx[i] <= tx[1] && sy[i] >= ty[0]
-            && sy[i] <= ty[2])
-        {
-            r_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        }
-        if (tx[i] >= sx[0] && tx[i] <= sx[1] && ty[i] >= sy[0]
-            && ty[i] <= sy[2])
-        {
-            r_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    if (r_flag)
-        (*c)++;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int skill_check_unit_range (int m, int x, int y, int range, int skillid)
-{
-    int  c = 0;
-
-    map_foreachinarea (skill_check_unit_range_sub, m, x - 10, y - 10, x + 10,
-                       y + 10, BL_SKILL, &c, x, y, range, skillid);
-
-    return c;
-}
-
-static int skill_check_unit_range2_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int *c;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL || (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
-        return 0;
-
-    (*c)++;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int skill_check_unit_range2 (int m, int x, int y, int range)
-{
-    int  c = 0;
-
-    map_foreachinarea (skill_check_unit_range2_sub, m, x - range, y - range,
-                       x + range, y + range, 0, &c);
-
-    return c;
-}
-
-/*=========================================================================
- * 範囲スキル使用処��分����ら
- */
-/* 対象�数をカウント�る。（skill_area_temp[0]を�期化������） */
 static
-int skill_area_sub_count (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *target,
-                          int skillid, int skilllv, unsigned int tick,
-                          int flag)
+void skill_area_sub(struct block_list *bl,
+        struct block_list *src, SkillID skill_id, int skill_lv,
+        tick_t tick, BCT flag, SkillFunc func)
 {
-    if (skill_area_temp[0] < 0xffff)
-        skill_area_temp[0]++;
-    return 0;
-}
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static void skill_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    struct block_list *src = map_id2bl (id), *target;
-    struct skill_timerskill *skl = NULL;
-    int  range;
-
-    nullpo_retv (src);
-
-    if (src->prev == NULL)
-        return;
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        nullpo_retv (sd = (struct map_session_data *) src);
-        skl = &sd->skilltimerskill[data];
-    }
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        nullpo_retv (md = (struct mob_data *) src);
-        skl = &md->skilltimerskill[data];
-    }
-
-    else
+    if (bl->type != BL::PC && bl->type != BL::MOB)
         return;
 
-    nullpo_retv (skl);
-
-    skl->timer = -1;
-    if (skl->target_id)
-    {
-        struct block_list tbl;
-        target = map_id2bl (skl->target_id);
-        if (skl->skill_id == RG_INTIMIDATE)
-        {
-            if (target == NULL)
-            {
-                target = &tbl;  //�期化������アドレス��込ん������？
-                target->type = BL_NUL;
-                target->m = src->m;
-                target->prev = target->next = NULL;
-            }
-        }
-        if (target == NULL)
-            return;
-        if (target->prev == NULL && skl->skill_id != RG_INTIMIDATE)
-            return;
-        if (src->m != target->m)
-            return;
-        if (sd && pc_isdead (sd))
-            return;
-        if (target->type == BL_PC
-            && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) target)
-            && skl->skill_id != RG_INTIMIDATE)
-            return;
-
-        switch (skl->skill_id)
-        {
-            case TF_BACKSLIDING:
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, src, skl->skill_id, skl->skill_lv,
-                                     1);
-                break;
-            case RG_INTIMIDATE:
-                if (sd && !map[src->m].flag.noteleport)
-                {
-                    int  x, y, i, j, c;
-                    pc_randomwarp (sd, 3);
-                    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-                    {
-                        j = MRAND (8);
-                        x = sd->bl.x + dirx[j];
-                        y = sd->bl.y + diry[j];
-                        if ((c = map_getcell (sd->bl.m, x, y)) != 1 && c != 5)
-                            break;
-                    }
-                    if (i >= 16)
-                    {
-                        x = sd->bl.x;
-                        y = sd->bl.y;
-                    }
-                    if (target->prev != NULL)
-                    {
-                        if (target->type == BL_PC
-                            && !pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *)
-                                           target))
-                            pc_setpos ((struct map_session_data *) target,
-                                       map[sd->bl.m].name, x, y, 3);
-                        else if (target->type == BL_MOB)
-                            mob_warp ((struct mob_data *) target, -1, x, y,
-                                      3);
-                    }
-                }
-                else if (md && !map[src->m].flag.monster_noteleport)
-                {
-                    int  x, y, i, j, c;
-                    mob_warp (md, -1, -1, -1, 3);
-                    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
-                    {
-                        j = MRAND (8);
-                        x = md->bl.x + dirx[j];
-                        y = md->bl.y + diry[j];
-                        if ((c = map_getcell (md->bl.m, x, y)) != 1 && c != 5)
-                            break;
-                    }
-                    if (i >= 16)
-                    {
-                        x = md->bl.x;
-                        y = md->bl.y;
-                    }
-                    if (target->prev != NULL)
-                    {
-                        if (target->type == BL_PC
-                            && !pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *)
-                                           target))
-                            pc_setpos ((struct map_session_data *) target,
-                                       map[md->bl.m].name, x, y, 3);
-                        else if (target->type == BL_MOB)
-                            mob_warp ((struct mob_data *) target, -1, x, y,
-                                      3);
-                    }
-                }
-                break;
-
-            case BA_FROSTJOKE: /* 寒�ジョーク */
-            case DC_SCREAM:    /* スクリーム */
-                range = 15;     //視界全体
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_frostjoke_scream, src->m,
-                                   src->x - range, src->y - range,
-                                   src->x + range, src->y + range, 0, src,
-                                   skl->skill_id, skl->skill_lv, tick);
-                break;
-
-            default:
-                skill_attack (skl->type, src, src, target, skl->skill_id,
-                              skl->skill_lv, tick, skl->flag);
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (src->m != skl->map)
-            return;
-        switch (skl->skill_id)
-        {
-            case WZ_METEOR:
-                if (skl->type >= 0)
-                {
-                    skill_unitsetting (src, skl->skill_id, skl->skill_lv,
-                                       skl->type >> 16, skl->type & 0xFFFF,
-                                       0);
-                    clif_skill_poseffect (src, skl->skill_id, skl->skill_lv,
-                                          skl->x, skl->y, tick);
-                }
-                else
-                    skill_unitsetting (src, skl->skill_id, skl->skill_lv,
-                                       skl->x, skl->y, 0);
-                break;
-        }
-    }
+    if (battle_check_target(src, bl, flag) > 0)
+        func(src, bl, skill_id, skill_lv, tick, flag);
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_addtimerskill (struct block_list *src, unsigned int tick,
-                         int target, int x, int y, int skill_id, int skill_lv,
-                         int type, int flag)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, src);
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-        nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILLTIMERSKILL; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->skilltimerskill[i].timer == -1)
-            {
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].timer =
-                    add_timer (tick, skill_timer, src->id, i);
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].src_id = src->id;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].target_id = target;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].skill_id = skill_id;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].skill_lv = skill_lv;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].map = src->m;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].x = x;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].y = y;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].type = type;
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].flag = flag;
-
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-        return 1;
-    }
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) src;
-        nullpo_retr (1, md);
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILLTIMERSKILL; i++)
-        {
-            if (md->skilltimerskill[i].timer == -1)
-            {
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].timer =
-                    add_timer (tick, skill_timer, src->id, i);
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].src_id = src->id;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].target_id = target;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].skill_id = skill_id;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].skill_lv = skill_lv;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].map = src->m;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].x = x;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].y = y;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].type = type;
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].flag = flag;
-
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_cleartimerskill (struct block_list *src)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILLTIMERSKILL; i++)
-        {
-            if (sd->skilltimerskill[i].timer != -1)
-            {
-                delete_timer (sd->skilltimerskill[i].timer, skill_timer);
-                sd->skilltimerskill[i].timer = -1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) src;
-        nullpo_retr (0, md);
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILLTIMERSKILL; i++)
-        {
-            if (md->skilltimerskill[i].timer != -1)
-            {
-                delete_timer (md->skilltimerskill[i].timer, skill_timer);
-                md->skilltimerskill[i].timer = -1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
 
 /* 範囲スキル使用処��分�����
  * -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
+// these variables are set in the 'else' branches,
+// and used in the (recursive) 'if' branch
+static int skill_area_temp_id, skill_area_temp_hp;
+
+
 /*==========================================
  * スキル使用（詠唱完了�ID指定攻撃系）
  * （スパゲッティ����１歩�進�(ダメ�)）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                             int skillid, int skilllv, unsigned int tick,
-                             int flag)
+int skill_castend_damage_id(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv,
+        tick_t tick, BCT flag)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, src);
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
+    nullpo_retr(1, src);
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
 
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
+    if (src->type == BL::PC)
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-    if (sd && pc_isdead (sd))
+    if (sd && pc_isdead(sd))
         return 1;
 
-    if ((skillid == WZ_SIGHTRASHER || skillid == CR_GRANDCROSS) && src != bl)
-        bl = src;
     if (bl->prev == NULL)
         return 1;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) bl))
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && pc_isdead((struct map_session_data *) bl))
         return 1;
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
+    map_freeblock_lock();
     switch (skillid)
     {
-            /* 武器攻撃系スキル */
-        case SM_BASH:          /* �ッシュ */
-        case MC_MAMMONITE:     /* メマーナイト */
-        case AC_DOUBLE:        /* ダブルストレイフィング */
-        case AS_SONICBLOW:     /* ソニックブロー */
-        case KN_PIERCE:        /* ピアース */
-        case KN_SPEARBOOMERANG:    /* スピアブーメラン */
-        case TF_POISON:        /* インベナム */
-        case TF_SPRINKLESAND:  /* 砂�� */
-        case AC_CHARGEARROW:   /* �ャージアロー */
-        case KN_SPEARSTAB:     /* スピアスタブ */
-        case RG_RAID:          /* サプライズアタック */
-        case RG_INTIMIDATE:    /* インティミデイト */
-        case BA_MUSICALSTRIKE: /* ミュージカルストライク */
-        case DC_THROWARROW:    /* 矢撃� */
-        case BA_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-        case CR_HOLYCROSS:     /* ホーリークロス */
-        case CR_SHIELDCHARGE:
-        case CR_SHIELDBOOMERANG:
-
-            /* 以下MOB専用 */
-            /* �体攻撃�SP減少攻撃���離攻撃�防御無視攻撃�多段攻撃 */
-        case NPC_PIERCINGATT:
-        case NPC_MENTALBREAKER:
-        case NPC_RANGEATTACK:
-        case NPC_CRITICALSLASH:
-        case NPC_COMBOATTACK:
-            /* 必中攻撃�毒攻撃�暗黒攻撃�沈黙攻撃�スタン攻撃 */
-        case NPC_GUIDEDATTACK:
-        case NPC_POISON:
-        case NPC_BLINDATTACK:
-        case NPC_SILENCEATTACK:
-        case NPC_STUNATTACK:
-            /* 石化攻撃�呪�攻撃��眠攻撃�ランダムATK攻撃 */
-        case NPC_PETRIFYATTACK:
-        case NPC_CURSEATTACK:
-        case NPC_SLEEPATTACK:
-        case NPC_RANDOMATTACK:
-            /* 水属性攻撃�地属性攻撃��属性攻撃�風属性攻撃 */
-        case NPC_WATERATTACK:
-        case NPC_GROUNDATTACK:
-        case NPC_FIREATTACK:
-        case NPC_WINDATTACK:
-            /* 毒属性攻撃��属性攻撃�闇属性攻撃�念属性攻撃�SP減少攻撃 */
-        case NPC_POISONATTACK:
-        case NPC_HOLYATTACK:
-        case NPC_DARKNESSATTACK:
-        case NPC_TELEKINESISATTACK:
-        case LK_AURABLADE:     /* オーラブレード */
-        case LK_SPIRALPIERCE:  /* スパイラルピアース */
-        case LK_HEADCRUSH:     /* ヘッドクラッシュ */
-        case LK_JOINTBEAT:     /* ジョイントビート */
-        case PA_PRESSURE:      /* プレッシャー */
-        case PA_SACRIFICE:     /* サクリファイス */
-        case SN_SHARPSHOOTING: /* シャープシューティング */
-        case CG_ARROWVULCAN:   /* アロー�ルカン */
-        case ASC_BREAKER:      /* ソウルブレーカー */
-        case HW_MAGICCRASHER:  /* マジッククラッシャー */
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            break;
-        case NPC_DARKBREATH:
-            clif_emotion (src, 7);
-            skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            break;
-        case MO_INVESTIGATE:   /* 発� */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
+        case SkillID::NPC_POISON:
+            skill_attack(BF::WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
                           flag);
-            if (sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (src, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-        }
-            break;
-        case SN_FALCONASSAULT: /* ファルコンアサルト */
-            skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            break;
-        case KN_BRANDISHSPEAR: /* ブランディッシュスピア */
-        {
-            struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-            nullpo_retr (1, md);
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            if (md->hp > 0)
-            {
-                skill_blown (src, bl, skill_get_blewcount (skillid, skilllv));
-                if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                    clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-                else
-                    clif_fixpos (bl);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case RG_BACKSTAP:      /* �ックスタブ */
-        {
-            int  dir = map_calc_dir (src, bl->x, bl->y), t_dir =
-                battle_get_dir (bl);
-            int  dist = distance (src->x, src->y, bl->x, bl->y);
-            if ((dist > 0 && !map_check_dir (dir, t_dir))
-                || bl->type == BL_SKILL)
-            {
-                struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-                if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_HIDING].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (src, SC_HIDING, -1);   // �イディング解除
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-                skill_blown (src, bl, skill_get_blewcount (skillid, skilllv));
-            }
-            else if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-        }
             break;
 
-        case AM_ACIDTERROR:    /* アシッドテラー */
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && MRAND (100) < skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv)
-                && battle_config.equipment_breaking)
-                pc_breakarmor ((struct map_session_data *) bl);
-            break;
-        case MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE:   /* 指弾 */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-
-            if (!battle_config.finger_offensive_type)
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-            else
-            {
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-                if (sd)
-                {
-                    for (int i = 1; i < sd->spiritball_old; i++)
-                        skill_addtimerskill (src, tick + i * 200, bl->id, 0,
-                                             0, skillid, skilllv, BF_WEAPON,
-                                             flag);
-                    sd->canmove_tick = tick + (sd->spiritball_old - 1) * 200;
-                }
-            }
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (src, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-        }
-            break;
-        case MO_CHAINCOMBO:    /* 連打掌 */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (src, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-        }
-            break;
-        case MO_COMBOFINISH:   /* 猛�拳 */
-        case CH_TIGERFIST:     /* �虎拳 */
-        case CH_CHAINCRUSH:    /* 連柱崩撃 */
-        case CH_PALMSTRIKE:    /* 猛虎硬派山 */
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            break;
-        case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: /* 阿修羅覇鳳拳 */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                struct walkpath_data wpd;
-                int  dx, dy;
-
-                dx = bl->x - sd->bl.x;
-                dy = bl->y - sd->bl.y;
-                if (dx > 0)
-                    dx++;
-                else if (dx < 0)
-                    dx--;
-                if (dy > 0)
-                    dy++;
-                else if (dy < 0)
-                    dy--;
-                if (dx == 0 && dy == 0)
-                    dx++;
-                if (path_search
-                    (&wpd, src->m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->bl.x + dx,
-                     sd->bl.y + dy, 1) == -1)
-                {
-                    dx = bl->x - sd->bl.x;
-                    dy = bl->y - sd->bl.y;
-                    if (path_search
-                        (&wpd, src->m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->bl.x + dx,
-                         sd->bl.y + dy, 1) == -1)
-                    {
-                        clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                sd->to_x = sd->bl.x + dx;
-                sd->to_y = sd->bl.y + dy;
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-                clif_walkok (sd);
-                clif_movechar (sd);
-                if (dx < 0)
-                    dx = -dx;
-                if (dy < 0)
-                    dy = -dy;
-                sd->attackabletime = sd->canmove_tick =
-                    tick + 100 + sd->speed * ((dx > dy) ? dx : dy);
-                if (sd->canact_tick < sd->canmove_tick)
-                    sd->canact_tick = sd->canmove_tick;
-                pc_movepos (sd, sd->to_x, sd->to_y);
-                skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_COMBO, -1);
-            }
-            else
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-            skill_status_change_end (src, SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS, -1);
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (src, SC_BLADESTOP, -1);
-        }
-            break;
-            /* 武器系範囲攻撃スキル */
-        case AC_SHOWER:        /* アローシャワー */
-        case SM_MAGNUM:        /* マグナムブレイク */
-        case AS_GRIMTOOTH:     /* グリムトゥース */
-        case MC_CARTREVOLUTION:    /* カートレヴォリューション */
-        case NPC_SPLASHATTACK: /* スプラッシュアタック */
-        case ASC_METEORASSAULT:    /* メテオアサルト */
-        case AS_SPLASHER:      /* [Valaris] */
-            if (flag & 1)
+        case SkillID::NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:  /* 自爆 */
+            if (flag.lo & 1)
             {
                 /* 個別�ダメージを与�る */
-                if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                {
-                    int  dist = 0;
-                    if (skillid == SM_MAGNUM)
-                    {           /* マグナムブレイク�ら中心�ら��離を計算 */
-                        int  dx = abs (bl->x - skill_area_temp[2]);
-                        int  dy = abs (bl->y - skill_area_temp[3]);
-                        dist = ((dx > dy) ? dx : dy);
-                    }
-                    skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                  tick, 0x0500 | dist);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int  ar = 1;
-                int  x = bl->x, y = bl->y;
-                if (skillid == SM_MAGNUM)
-                {
-                    x = src->x;
-                    y = src->y;
-                }
-                else if (skillid == AC_SHOWER || skillid == ASC_METEORASSAULT)  /* アローシャワー�メテオアサルト範囲5*5 */
-                    ar = 2;
-                else if (skillid == AS_SPLASHER)    /* ベナムスプラッシャー範囲3*3 */
-                    ar = 1;
-                else if (skillid == NPC_SPLASHATTACK)   /* スプラッシュアタック�範囲7*7 */
-                    ar = 3;
-                skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                skill_area_temp[2] = x;
-                skill_area_temp[3] = y;
-                /* ��ターゲット�攻撃を加�る */
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              0);
-                /* ��後ターゲット以外�範囲内�敵全体�処�を行� */
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   bl->m, x - ar, y - ar, x + ar, y + ar, 0,
-                                   src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_damage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case KN_BOWLINGBASH:   /* ボウリング�ッシュ */
-            if (flag & 1)
-            {
-                /* 個別�ダメージを与�る */
-                if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                    skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                  tick, 0x0500);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int  damage;
-                map_freeblock_lock ();
-                damage =
-                    skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                  tick, 0);
-                if (damage > 0)
-                {
-                    int  i, c;  /* 他人�ら���動����間���る�能性大＆効率�悪���＞＜ */
-                    c = skill_get_blewcount (skillid, skilllv);
-                    if (map[bl->m].flag.gvg)
-                        c = 0;
-                    for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
-                    {
-                        skill_blown (src, bl, 1);
-                        if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                            clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-                        else
-                            clif_fixpos (bl);
-                        skill_area_temp[0] = 0;
-                        map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                           bl->m, bl->x - 1, bl->y - 1,
-                                           bl->x + 1, bl->y + 1, 0, src,
-                                           skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                           flag | BCT_ENEMY,
-                                           skill_area_sub_count);
-                        if (skill_area_temp[0] > 1)
-                            break;
-                    }
-                    skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                    skill_area_temp[2] = bl->x;
-                    skill_area_temp[3] = bl->y;
-                    /* ��後ターゲット以外�範囲内�敵全体�処�を行� */
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                       bl->m, bl->x - 1, bl->y - 1, bl->x + 1,
-                                       bl->y + 1, 0, src, skillid, skilllv,
-                                       tick, flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                       skill_castend_damage_id);
-                    battle_damage (src, bl, damage, 1);
-                    if (rdamage > 0)
-                        battle_damage (bl, src, rdamage, 0);
-                }
-                map_freeblock_unlock ();
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case ALL_RESURRECTION: /* リザレクション */
-        case PR_TURNUNDEAD:    /* ターンアンデッド */
-            if (bl->type != BL_PC
-                && battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl),
-                                        battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-            else
-            {
-                map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                return 1;
-            }
-            break;
-
-            /* 魔法系スキル */
-        case MG_SOULSTRIKE:    /* ソウルストライク */
-        case MG_COLDBOLT:      /* コールドボルト */
-        case MG_FIREBOLT:      /* ファイアーボルト */
-        case MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT: /* ライトニングボルト */
-        case WZ_EARTHSPIKE:    /* アーススパイク */
-        case AL_HEAL:          /* ヒール */
-        case AL_HOLYLIGHT:     /* ホーリーライト */
-        case MG_FROSTDIVER:    /* フロストダイ�ー */
-        case WZ_JUPITEL:       /* ユピテルサンダー */
-        case NPC_MAGICALATTACK:    /* MOB:魔法打撃攻撃 */
-        case PR_ASPERSIO:      /* アスペルシオ */
-            skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_WATERBALL:     /* ウォーターボール */
-            skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            if (skilllv > 1)
-                skill_status_change_start (src, SC_WATERBALL, skilllv, bl->id,
-                                           0, 0, 0, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体�� */
-            if (battle_get_race (bl) == 1 || battle_get_race (bl) == 6)
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              flag);
-            break;
-
-            /* 魔法系範囲攻撃スキル */
-        case MG_NAPALMBEAT:    /* ナパームビート */
-        case MG_FIREBALL:      /* ファイヤーボール */
-            if (flag & 1)
-            {
-                /* 個別�ダメージを与�る */
-                if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                {
-                    if (skillid == MG_FIREBALL)
-                    {           /* ファイヤーボール�ら中心�ら��離を計算 */
-                        int  dx = abs (bl->x - skill_area_temp[2]);
-                        int  dy = abs (bl->y - skill_area_temp[3]);
-                        skill_area_temp[0] = ((dx > dy) ? dx : dy);
-                    }
-                    skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                  tick, skill_area_temp[0] | 0x0500);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int  ar = (skillid == MG_NAPALMBEAT) ? 1 : 2;
-                skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                if (skillid == MG_NAPALMBEAT)
-                {               /* ナパーム��先�数�る */
-                    skill_area_temp[0] = 0;
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                       bl->m, bl->x - 1, bl->y - 1, bl->x + 1,
-                                       bl->y + 1, 0, src, skillid, skilllv,
-                                       tick, flag | BCT_ENEMY,
-                                       skill_area_sub_count);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    skill_area_temp[0] = 0;
-                    skill_area_temp[2] = bl->x;
-                    skill_area_temp[3] = bl->y;
-                }
-                /* ��ターゲット�攻撃を加�る */
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              skill_area_temp[0]);
-                /* ��後ターゲット以外�範囲内�敵全体�処�を行� */
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   bl->m, bl->x - ar, bl->y - ar, bl->x + ar,
-                                   bl->y + ar, 0, src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_damage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case HW_NAPALMVULCAN:  // Fixed By SteelViruZ
-            if (flag & 1)
-            {
-                if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                {
-                    skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                  tick, skill_area_temp[0]);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int  ar = (skillid == HW_NAPALMVULCAN) ? 1 : 2;
-                skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                if (skillid == HW_NAPALMVULCAN)
-                {
-                    skill_area_temp[0] = 0;
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                       bl->m, bl->x - 1, bl->y - 1, bl->x + 1,
-                                       bl->y + 1, 0, src, skillid, skilllv,
-                                       tick, flag | BCT_ENEMY,
-                                       skill_area_sub_count);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    skill_area_temp[0] = 0;
-                    skill_area_temp[2] = bl->x;
-                    skill_area_temp[3] = bl->y;
-                }
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              skill_area_temp[0]);
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   bl->m, bl->x - ar, bl->y - ar, bl->x + ar,
-                                   bl->y + ar, 0, src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_damage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_FROSTNOVA:     /* フロストノヴァ */
-            skill_castend_pos2 (src, bl->x, bl->y, skillid, skilllv, tick, 0);
-            skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                          flag);
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_castend_pos2 (src, bl->x, bl->y, skillid, skilllv, tick, 0);
-            skill_status_change_end (src, SC_SIGHT, -1);
-            break;
-
-            /* ��他 */
-        case HT_BLITZBEAT:     /* ブリッツビート */
-            if (flag & 1)
-            {
-                /* 個別�ダメージを与�る */
-                if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                    skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv,
-                                  tick,
-                                  skill_area_temp[0] | (flag & 0xf00000));
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                skill_area_temp[0] = 0;
-                skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                if (flag & 0xf00000)
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub, bl->m, bl->x - 1,
-                                       bl->y - 1, bl->x + 1, bl->y + 1, 0,
-                                       src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                       flag | BCT_ENEMY,
-                                       skill_area_sub_count);
-                /* ��ターゲット�攻撃を加�る */
-                skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                              skill_area_temp[0] | (flag & 0xf00000));
-                /* ��後ターゲット以外�範囲内�敵全体�処�を行� */
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   bl->m, bl->x - 1, bl->y - 1, bl->x + 1,
-                                   bl->y + 1, 0, src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_damage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case CR_GRANDCROSS:    /* グランドクロス */
-            /* スキルユニット�置 */
-            skill_castend_pos2 (src, bl->x, bl->y, skillid, skilllv, tick, 0);
-            if (sd)
-                sd->canmove_tick = tick + 1000;
-            else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-                mob_changestate ((struct mob_data *) src, MS_DELAY, 1000);
-            break;
-
-        case TF_THROWSTONE:    /* 石投� */
-        case NPC_SMOKING:      /* スモーキング */
-            skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:  /* 自爆 */
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2: /* 自爆2 */
-            if (flag & 1)
-            {
-                /* 個別�ダメージを与�る */
-                if (src->type == BL_MOB)
+                if (src->type == BL::MOB)
                 {
                     struct mob_data *mb = (struct mob_data *) src;
-                    nullpo_retr (1, mb);
-                    mb->hp = skill_area_temp[2];
-                    if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                        skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, src, bl,
-                                      NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION, skilllv, tick,
+                    nullpo_retr(1, mb);
+                    mb->hp = skill_area_temp_hp;
+                    if (bl->id != skill_area_temp_id)
+                        skill_attack(BF::MISC, src, src, bl,
+                                      SkillID::NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION, skilllv, tick,
                                       flag);
                     mb->hp = 1;
                 }
@@ -3078,69 +435,44 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
                 struct mob_data *md;
                 if ((md = (struct mob_data *) src))
                 {
-                    skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                    skill_area_temp[2] = battle_get_hp (src);
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, src, NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION, -1,
-                                         1);
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub, bl->m, bl->x - 5,
-                                       bl->y - 5, bl->x + 5, bl->y + 5, 0,
-                                       src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                       flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                       skill_castend_damage_id);
-                    battle_damage (src, src, md->hp, 0);
+                    skill_area_temp_id = bl->id;
+                    skill_area_temp_hp = battle_get_hp(src);
+                    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(skill_area_sub, ph::_1, src, skillid, skilllv,
+                                tick, flag | BCT_ENEMY | BCT_lo_x01, skill_castend_damage_id),
+                            bl->m, bl->x - 5, bl->y - 5,
+                            bl->x + 5, bl->y + 5, BL::NUL);
+                    battle_damage(src, src, md->hp, 0);
                 }
             }
             break;
 
             /* HP��/HP��魔法 */
-        case NPC_BLOODDRAIN:
-        case NPC_ENERGYDRAIN:
-        {
-            int  heal;
-            heal =
-                skill_attack ((skillid ==
-                               NPC_BLOODDRAIN) ? BF_WEAPON : BF_MAGIC, src,
-                              src, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick, flag);
-            if (heal > 0)
-            {
-                struct block_list tbl;
-                tbl.id = 0;
-                tbl.m = src->m;
-                tbl.x = src->x;
-                tbl.y = src->y;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (&tbl, src, AL_HEAL, heal, 1);
-                battle_heal (NULL, src, heal, 0, 0);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0:
+        case SkillID::ZERO:
             if (sd)
             {
-                if (flag & 3)
+                if (flag.lo & 3)
                 {
-                    if (bl->id != skill_area_temp[1])
-                        skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid,
-                                      skilllv, tick, 0x0500);
+                    if (bl->id != skill_area_temp_id)
+                        skill_attack(BF::WEAPON, src, src, bl, skillid,
+                                      skilllv, tick, BCT_mid_x05);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    int  ar = sd->splash_range;
-                    skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                       bl->m, bl->x - ar, bl->y - ar,
-                                       bl->x + ar, bl->y + ar, 0, src,
-                                       skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                       flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                       skill_castend_damage_id);
+                    // TODO does this happen?
+                    skill_area_temp_id = bl->id;
+                    map_foreachinarea(std::bind(skill_area_sub, ph::_1, src, skillid, skilllv,
+                                tick, flag | BCT_ENEMY | BCT_lo_x01, skill_castend_damage_id),
+                            bl->m, bl->x - 0, bl->y - 0,
+                            bl->x + 0, bl->y + 0, BL::NUL);
                 }
             }
             break;
 
         default:
-            map_freeblock_unlock ();
+            map_freeblock_unlock();
             return 1;
     }
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
+    map_freeblock_unlock();
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -3149,45 +481,39 @@ int skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
  * スキル使用（詠唱完了�ID指定支�系）
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                               int skillid, int skilllv, unsigned int tick,
-                               int flag)
+// skillid.nk == 1
+// so skillid in (SkillID::NPC_SUMMONSLAVE, SkillID::NPC_EMOTION)
+int skill_castend_nodamage_id(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
     struct map_session_data *dstsd = NULL;
     struct mob_data *md = NULL;
     struct mob_data *dstmd = NULL;
-    int  sc_def_vit, sc_def_mdef, strip_fix, strip_time, strip_per;
-    int  sc_dex, sc_luk;
-    //クラス�ェンジ用ボスモンスターID
-    int  changeclass[] =
-        { 1038, 1039, 1046, 1059, 1086, 1087, 1112, 1115, 1157, 1159, 1190,
-        1272, 1312, 1373, 1492
-    };
-    int  poringclass[] = { 1002 };
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, src);
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
+    int sc_def_vit, sc_def_mdef, strip_fix;
+
+    nullpo_retr(1, src);
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
+
+    if (src->type == BL::PC)
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (src->type == BL::MOB)
         md = (struct mob_data *) src;
 
-    sc_dex = battle_get_mdef (bl);
-    sc_luk = battle_get_luk (bl);
-    sc_def_vit = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3);
-    sc_def_vit = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3);
-    sc_def_mdef = 100 - (3 + battle_get_mdef (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3);
-    strip_fix = battle_get_dex (src) - battle_get_dex (bl);
+    sc_def_vit = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit(bl) + battle_get_luk(bl) / 3);
+    sc_def_vit = 100 - (3 + battle_get_vit(bl) + battle_get_luk(bl) / 3);
+    sc_def_mdef = 100 - (3 + battle_get_mdef(bl) + battle_get_luk(bl) / 3);
+    strip_fix = battle_get_dex(src) - battle_get_dex(bl);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        nullpo_retr (1, dstsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
+        dstsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
+        nullpo_retr(1, dstsd);
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
-        nullpo_retr (1, dstmd = (struct mob_data *) bl);
+        dstmd = (struct mob_data *) bl;
+        nullpo_retr(1, dstmd);
         if (sc_def_vit > 50)
             sc_def_vit = 50;
         if (sc_def_mdef > 50)
@@ -3202,6260 +528,346 @@ int skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
 
     if (bl == NULL || bl->prev == NULL)
         return 1;
-    if (sd && pc_isdead (sd))
-        return 1;
-    if (dstsd && pc_isdead (dstsd) && skillid != ALL_RESURRECTION)
+    if (sd && pc_isdead(sd))
         return 1;
-    if (battle_get_class (bl) == 1288)
+    if (dstsd && pc_isdead(dstsd))
         return 1;
-    if (skillnotok (skillid, (struct map_session_data *) bl))   // [MouseJstr]
-        return 0;
 
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
+    map_freeblock_lock();
     switch (skillid)
     {
-        case AL_HEAL:          /* ヒール */
-        {
-            int  heal = skill_calc_heal (src, skilllv);
-            int  heal_get_jobexp;
-            int  skill;
-            struct pc_base_job s_class;
-
-            if (dstsd && dstsd->special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                heal = 0;       /* 黄金蟲カード（ヒール��） */
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-                if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, HP_MEDITATIO)) > 0) // メディテイティオ
-                    heal += heal * (skill * 2 / 100);
-                if (sd && dstsd && sd->status.partner_id == dstsd->status.char_id && s_class.job == 23 && sd->status.sex == 0)  //自分も対象もPC�対象�自分�パートナー�自分�スパノビ�自分�♀�ら
-                    heal = heal * 2;    //スパノビ���旦那�ヒール�る�2���る
-            }
-
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, heal, 1);
-            heal_get_jobexp = battle_heal (NULL, bl, heal, 0, 0);
-
-            // JOB経験値�得
-            if (src->type == BL_PC && bl->type == BL_PC && heal > 0
-                && src != bl && battle_config.heal_exp > 0)
-            {
-                heal_get_jobexp =
-                    heal_get_jobexp * battle_config.heal_exp / 100;
-                if (heal_get_jobexp <= 0)
-                    heal_get_jobexp = 1;
-                pc_gainexp ((struct map_session_data *) src, 0,
-                            heal_get_jobexp);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case ALL_RESURRECTION: /* リザレクション */
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                int  per = 0;
-                struct map_session_data *tsd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                nullpo_retr (1, tsd);
-                if ((map[bl->m].flag.pvp) && tsd->pvp_point < 0)
-                    break;      /* PVP�復活��能状態 */
-
-                if (pc_isdead (tsd))
-                {               /* 死亡判定 */
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                    switch (skilllv)
-                    {
-                        case 1:
-                            per = 10;
-                            break;
-                        case 2:
-                            per = 30;
-                            break;
-                        case 3:
-                            per = 50;
-                            break;
-                        case 4:
-                            per = 80;
-                            break;
-                    }
-                    tsd->status.hp = tsd->status.max_hp * per / 100;
-                    if (tsd->status.hp <= 0)
-                        tsd->status.hp = 1;
-                    if (tsd->special_state.restart_full_recover)
-                    {           /* オシリスカード */
-                        tsd->status.hp = tsd->status.max_hp;
-                        tsd->status.sp = tsd->status.max_sp;
-                    }
-                    pc_setstand (tsd);
-                    if (battle_config.pc_invincible_time > 0)
-                        pc_setinvincibletimer (tsd,
-                                               battle_config.pc_invincible_time);
-                    clif_updatestatus (tsd, SP_HP);
-                    clif_resurrection (&tsd->bl, 1);
-                    if (src != bl && sd && battle_config.resurrection_exp > 0)
-                    {
-                        int  exp = 0, jexp = 0;
-                        int  lv =
-                            tsd->status.base_level - sd->status.base_level,
-                            jlv =
-                            tsd->status.job_level - sd->status.job_level;
-                        if (lv > 0)
-                        {
-                            exp =
-                                (int) ((double) tsd->status.base_exp *
-                                       (double) lv *
-                                       (double) battle_config.resurrection_exp
-                                       / 1000000.);
-                            if (exp < 1)
-                                exp = 1;
-                        }
-                        if (jlv > 0)
-                        {
-                            jexp =
-                                (int) ((double) tsd->status.job_exp *
-                                       (double) lv *
-                                       (double) battle_config.resurrection_exp
-                                       / 1000000.);
-                            if (jexp < 1)
-                                jexp = 1;
-                        }
-                        if (exp > 0 || jexp > 0)
-                            pc_gainexp (sd, exp, jexp);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case AL_DECAGI:        /* 速度減少 */
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (MRAND (100) <
-                (50 + skilllv * 3 +
-                 (battle_get_lv (src) + battle_get_int (src) / 5) -
-                 sc_def_mdef))
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case AL_CRUCIS:
-            if (flag & 1)
-            {
-                int  race = battle_get_race (bl), ele =
-                    battle_get_elem_type (bl);
-                if (battle_check_target (src, bl, BCT_ENEMY)
-                    && (race == 6 || battle_check_undead (race, ele)))
-                {
-                    int  slv = battle_get_lv (src), tlv =
-                        battle_get_lv (bl), rate;
-                    rate = 25 + skilllv * 2 + slv - tlv;
-                    if (MRAND (100) < rate)
-                        skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                                   SkillStatusChangeTable
-                                                   [skillid], skilllv, 0, 0,
-                                                   0, 0, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int  range = 15;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   src->m, src->x - range, src->y - range,
-                                   src->x + range, src->y + range, 0, src,
-                                   skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_nodamage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case PR_LEXDIVINA:     /* レックスディビーナ */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_DIVINA, -1);
-            else if (MRAND (100) < sc_def_vit)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case SA_ABRACADABRA:
-            break;
-        case SA_COMA:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (dstsd)
-            {
-                dstsd->status.hp = 1;
-                dstsd->status.sp = 1;
-                clif_updatestatus (dstsd, SP_HP);
-                clif_updatestatus (dstsd, SP_SP);
-            }
-            if (dstmd)
-                dstmd->hp = 1;
-            break;
-        case SA_FULLRECOVERY:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (dstsd)
-                pc_heal (dstsd, dstsd->status.max_hp, dstsd->status.max_sp);
-            if (dstmd)
-                dstmd->hp = battle_get_max_hp (&dstmd->bl);
-            break;
-        case SA_SUMMONMONSTER:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd)
-                mob_once_spawn (sd, map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                                "--ja--", -1, 1, "");
-            break;
-        case SA_LEVELUP:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd && pc_nextbaseexp (sd))
-                pc_gainexp (sd, pc_nextbaseexp (sd) * 10 / 100, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case SA_INSTANTDEATH:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd)
-                pc_damage (NULL, sd, sd->status.max_hp);
-            break;
-
-        case SA_QUESTION:
-        case SA_GRAVITY:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            break;
-        case SA_CLASSCHANGE:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (dstmd)
-                mob_class_change (dstmd, changeclass);
-            break;
-        case SA_MONOCELL:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (dstmd)
-                mob_class_change (dstmd, poringclass);
-            break;
-        case SA_DEATH:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (dstsd)
-                pc_damage (NULL, dstsd, dstsd->status.max_hp);
-            if (dstmd)
-                mob_damage (NULL, dstmd, dstmd->hp, 1);
-            break;
-        case SA_REVERSEORCISH:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (dstsd)
-                pc_setoption (dstsd, dstsd->status.option | 0x0800);
-            break;
-        case SA_FORTUNE:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd)
-                pc_getzeny (sd, battle_get_lv (bl) * 100);
-            break;
-        case AL_INCAGI:        /* 速度増加 */
-        case AL_BLESSING:      /* ブレッシング */
-        case PR_SLOWPOISON:
-        case PR_IMPOSITIO:     /* イム�シティオマヌス */
-        case PR_LEXAETERNA:    /* レックスエーテルナ */
-        case PR_SUFFRAGIUM:    /* サフラギウム */
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体�� */
-        case CR_PROVIDENCE:    /* プロヴィデンス */
-        case CG_MARIONETTE:    /* マリオ�ットコントロール */
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SA_FLAMELAUNCHER: // added failure chance and chance to break weapon if turned on [Valaris]
-        case SA_FROSTWEAPON:
-        case SA_LIGHTNINGLOADER:
-        case SA_SEISMICWEAPON:
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-                break;
-            }
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *sd2 = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                if (sd2->status.weapon == 0
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_FLAMELAUNCHER].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_FROSTWEAPON].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_SEISMICWEAPON].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].timer != -1)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (MRAND (100) > (75 + skilllv * 1) && (skilllv != 5))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-                if (bl->type == BL_PC && battle_config.equipment_breaking)
-                {
-                    struct map_session_data *sd2 =
-                        (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                    if (sd != sd2)
-                        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd,
-                                             "You broke target's weapon");
-                    pc_breakweapon (sd2);
-                }
-                break;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case PR_ASPERSIO:      /* アスペルシオ */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                break;
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case PR_KYRIE:         /* キリエエレイソン */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case KN_AUTOCOUNTER:   /* オートカウンター */
-        case KN_TWOHANDQUICKEN:    /* ツー�ンドクイッケン */
-        case CR_SPEARQUICKEN:  /* スピアクイッケン */
-        case CR_REFLECTSHIELD:
-        case AS_POISONREACT:   /* �イズンリアクト */
-        case MC_LOUD:          /* ラウドボイス */
-        case MG_ENERGYCOAT:    /* エナジーコート */
-        case SM_ENDURE:        /* インデュア */
-        case MG_SIGHT:         /* サイト */
-        case AL_RUWACH:        /* ルアフ */
-        case MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS:  // 爆裂波動
-        case MO_STEELBODY:     // 金剛
-        case LK_AURABLADE:     /* オーラブレード */
-        case LK_PARRYING:      /* パリイング */
-        case LK_CONCENTRATION: /* コンセントレーション */
-        case LK_BERSERK:       /* �ーサーク */
-        case HP_ASSUMPTIO:     /*  */
-        case WS_CARTBOOST:     /* カートブースト */
-        case SN_SIGHT:         /* トゥルーサイト */
-        case WS_MELTDOWN:      /* メルトダウン */
-        case ST_REJECTSWORD:   /* リジェクトソード */
-        case HW_MAGICPOWER:    /* 魔法力増幅 */
-        case PF_MEMORIZE:      /* メモライズ */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case AS_ENCHANTPOISON: // Prevent spamming [Valaris]
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *sd2 = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                if (sd2->sc_data[SC_FLAMELAUNCHER].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_FROSTWEAPON].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_SEISMICWEAPON].timer != -1
-                    || sd2->sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].timer != -1)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case LK_TENSIONRELAX:  /* テンションリラックス */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            pc_setsit (sd);
-            clif_sitting (sd->fd, sd);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case MC_CHANGECART:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            break;
-        case AC_CONCENTRATION: /* 集中力�上 */
-        {
-            int  range = 1;
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_status_change_timer_sub, src->m,
-                               src->x - range, src->y - range, src->x + range,
-                               src->y + range, 0, src,
-                               SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid], tick);
-        }
-            break;
-        case SM_PROVOKE:       /* プロボック */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-            /* MVPmob��死��効��� */
-            if ((bl->type == BL_MOB && battle_get_mode (bl) & 0x20) || battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl), battle_get_elem_type (bl)))   //�死��効���
-            {
-                map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                return 1;
-            }
-
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-
-            if (dstmd && dstmd->skilltimer != -1 && dstmd->state.skillcastcancel)   // 詠唱妨害
-                skill_castcancel (bl, 0);
-            if (dstsd && dstsd->skilltimer != -1
-                && (!dstsd->special_state.no_castcancel
-                    || map[bl->m].flag.gvg) && dstsd->state.skillcastcancel
-                && !dstsd->special_state.no_castcancel2)
-                skill_castcancel (bl, 0);
-
-            if (sc_data)
-            {
-                if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_FREEZE, -1);
-                if (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STONE, -1);
-                if (sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SLEEP, -1);
-            }
-
-            if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-            {
-                int  range = skill_get_range (skillid, skilllv);
-                if (range < 0)
-                    range = battle_get_range (src) - (range + 1);
-                mob_target ((struct mob_data *) bl, src, range);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case CR_DEVOTION:      /* ディボーション */
-            if (sd && dstsd)
-            {
-                //転生や養��場��元��業を算出�る
-
-                int  lv = sd->status.base_level - dstsd->status.base_level;
-                lv = (lv < 0) ? -lv : lv;
-                if ((dstsd->bl.type != BL_PC)   // 相手�PC�ゃ�����
-                    || (sd->bl.id == dstsd->bl.id)  // 相手�自分���
-                    || (lv > 10)    // レベル差±10��
-                    || (!sd->status.party_id && !sd->status.guild_id)   // PT�もギルド�も所属無����
-                    || ((sd->status.party_id != dstsd->status.party_id) // ��パーティー��
-                        || (sd->status.guild_id != dstsd->status.guild_id)) // ��ギルド�ゃ�����
-                    || (dstsd->status.pc_class == 14 || dstsd->status.pc_class == 21
-                        || dstsd->status.pc_class == 4015
-                        || dstsd->status.pc_class == 4022))
-                {               // クルセ��
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                    return 1;
-                }
-                for (int i = 0; i < skilllv; i++)
-                {
-                    if (!sd->dev.val1[i])
-                    {           // 空�����ら入れる
-                        sd->dev.val1[i] = bl->id;
-                        sd->dev.val2[i] = bl->id;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    else if (i == skilllv - 1)
-                    {           // 空������
-                        clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                        map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                        return 1;
-                    }
-                }
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                clif_devotion (sd, bl->id);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           src->id, 1, 0, 0,
-                                           1000 * (15 + 15 * skilllv), 0);
-            }
-            else
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-            break;
-        case MO_CALLSPIRITS:   // 気功
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                pc_addspiritball (sd, skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                  skilllv);
-            }
-            break;
-        case CH_SOULCOLLECT:   // 狂気功
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-                    pc_addspiritball (sd, skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                      5);
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_BLADESTOP:     // 白刃�り
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (src, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case MO_ABSORBSPIRITS: // 気奪
-        {
-            int i = 0;
-            if (sd && dstsd)
-            {
-                if (sd == dstsd || map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp
-                    || map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-                {
-                    if (dstsd->spiritball > 0)
-                    {
-                        clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                        i = dstsd->spiritball * 7;
-                        pc_delspiritball (dstsd, dstsd->spiritball, 0);
-                        if (i > 0x7FFF)
-                            i = 0x7FFF;
-                        if (sd->status.sp + i > sd->status.max_sp)
-                            i = sd->status.max_sp - sd->status.sp;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else if (sd && dstmd)
-            {                   //対象�モンスター�場�
-                //20%�確率�対象�Lv*2�SPを回復�る。�功�����ターゲット(σﾟДﾟ)σｹﾞｯﾂ!!
-                if (MRAND (100) < 20)
-                {
-                    i = 2 * mob_db[dstmd->mob_class].lv;
-                    mob_target (dstmd, src, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            if (i)
-            {
-                sd->status.sp += i;
-                clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_SP, i);
-            }
-            else
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-            break;
-        }
-
-        case AC_MAKINGARROW:   /* 矢作� */
-/*		if(sd) {
-			clif_arrow_create_list(sd);
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
-		}*/
-            break;
-
-        case AM_PHARMACY:      /* �ーション作� */
-/*		if(sd) {
-			clif_skill_produce_mix_list(sd,32);
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
-		}*/
-            break;
-        case WS_CREATECOIN:    /* クリエイトコイン */
-/*		if(sd) {
-			clif_skill_produce_mix_list(sd,64);
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
-		}*/
-            break;
-        case WS_CREATENUGGET:  /* 塊製造 */
-/*		if(sd) {
-			clif_skill_produce_mix_list(sd,128);
-			clif_skill_nodamage(src,bl,skillid,skilllv,1);
-		}*/
-            break;
-        case BS_HAMMERFALL:    /* �ンマーフォール */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_weapon_damage)
-                break;
-            if (MRAND (100) < (20 + 10 * skilllv) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case RG_RAID:          /* サプライズアタック */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            {
-                int  x = bl->x, y = bl->y;
-                skill_area_temp[1] = bl->id;
-                skill_area_temp[2] = x;
-                skill_area_temp[3] = y;
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   bl->m, x - 1, y - 1, x + 1, y + 1, 0,
-                                   src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_damage_id);
-            }
-            skill_status_change_end (src, SC_HIDING, -1);   // �イディング解除
-            break;
-
-        case KN_BRANDISHSPEAR: /*ブランディッシュスピア */
-        {
-            int  c, n = 4, ar;
-            int  dir = map_calc_dir (src, bl->x, bl->y);
-            struct square tc;
-            int  x = bl->x, y = bl->y;
-            ar = skilllv / 3;
-            skill_brandishspear_first (&tc, dir, x, y);
-            skill_brandishspear_dir (&tc, dir, 4);
-            /* 範囲C */
-            if (skilllv == 10)
-            {
-                for (c = 1; c < 4; c++)
-                {
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                       bl->m, tc.val1[c], tc.val2[c],
-                                       tc.val1[c], tc.val2[c], 0, src,
-                                       skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                       flag | BCT_ENEMY | n,
-                                       skill_castend_damage_id);
-                }
-            }
-            /* 範囲BA */
-            if (skilllv > 6)
-            {
-                skill_brandishspear_dir (&tc, dir, -1);
-                n--;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                skill_brandishspear_dir (&tc, dir, -2);
-                n -= 2;
-            }
-
-            if (skilllv > 3)
-            {
-                for (c = 0; c < 5; c++)
-                {
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                       bl->m, tc.val1[c], tc.val2[c],
-                                       tc.val1[c], tc.val2[c], 0, src,
-                                       skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                       flag | BCT_ENEMY | n,
-                                       skill_castend_damage_id);
-                    if (skilllv > 6 && n == 3 && c == 4)
-                    {
-                        skill_brandishspear_dir (&tc, dir, -1);
-                        n--;
-                        c = -1;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            /* 範囲@ */
-            for (c = 0; c < 10; c++)
-            {
-                if (c == 0 || c == 5)
-                    skill_brandishspear_dir (&tc, dir, -1);
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                                   bl->m, tc.val1[c % 5], tc.val2[c % 5],
-                                   tc.val1[c % 5], tc.val2[c % 5], 0, src,
-                                   skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                   flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1,
-                                   skill_castend_damage_id);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-            /* パーティスキル */
-        case AL_ANGELUS:       /* エンジェラス */
-        case PR_MAGNIFICAT:    /* マグニフィカート */
-        case PR_GLORIA:        /* グロリア */
-        case SN_WINDWALK:      /* ウインドウォーク */
-            if (sd == NULL || sd->status.party_id == 0 || (flag & 1))
-            {
-                /* 個別�処� */
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                    && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                    special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                    break;
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                /* パーティ全体��処� */
-                party_foreachsamemap (skill_area_sub,
-                                      sd, 1,
-                                      src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                      flag | BCT_PARTY | 1,
-                                      skill_castend_nodamage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-        case BS_ADRENALINE:    /* アドレナリンラッシュ */
-        case BS_WEAPONPERFECT: /* ウェ�ンパーフェクション */
-        case BS_OVERTHRUST:    /* オー�ートラスト */
-            if (sd == NULL || sd->status.party_id == 0 || (flag & 1))
-            {
-                /* 個別�処� */
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, (src == bl) ? 1 : 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                /* パーティ全体��処� */
-                party_foreachsamemap (skill_area_sub,
-                                      sd, 1,
-                                      src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                                      flag | BCT_PARTY | 1,
-                                      skill_castend_nodamage_id);
-            }
-            break;
-
-            /*（付加�解除�必�） */
-        case BS_MAXIMIZE:      /* マキシマイズパワー */
-        case NV_TRICKDEAD:     /* 死ん��り */
-        case CR_DEFENDER:      /* ディフェンダー */
-        case CR_AUTOGUARD:     /* オートガード */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  sc = SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid];
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (tsc_data)
-            {
-                if (tsc_data[sc].timer == -1)
-                    /* 付加�る */
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, sc, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time (skillid,
-                                                               skilllv), 0);
-                else
-                    /* 解除�る */
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, sc, -1);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case TF_HIDING:        /* �イディング */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  sc = SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid];
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, -1, 1);
-            if (tsc_data)
-            {
-                if (tsc_data[sc].timer == -1)
-                    /* 付加�る */
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, sc, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time (skillid,
-                                                               skilllv), 0);
-                else
-                    /* 解除�る */
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, sc, -1);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case AS_CLOAKING:      /* クローキング */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  sc = SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid];
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, -1, 1);
-            if (tsc_data)
-            {
-                if (tsc_data[sc].timer == -1)
-                    /* 付加�る */
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, sc, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time (skillid,
-                                                               skilllv), 0);
-                else
-                    /* 解除�る */
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, sc, -1);
-            }
-
-            skill_check_cloaking (bl);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case ST_CHASEWALK:     /* �イディング */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  sc = SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid];
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, -1, 1);
-            if (tsc_data)
-            {
-                if (tsc_data[sc].timer == -1)
-                    /* 付加�る */
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, sc, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time (skillid,
-                                                               skilllv), 0);
-                else
-                    /* 解除�る */
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, sc, -1);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-            /* 対地スキル */
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守唄 */
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case BA_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-        case BA_POEMBRAGI:     /* ブラギ�詩 */
-        case BA_WHISTLE:       /* �笛 */
-        case BA_ASSASSINCROSS: /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-        case BA_APPLEIDUN:     /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-        case DC_UGLYDANCE:     /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-        case DC_HUMMING:       /* �ミング */
-        case DC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ���… */
-        case DC_FORTUNEKISS:   /* 幸��キス */
-        case DC_SERVICEFORYOU: /* サービスフォーユー */
-        case CG_MOONLIT:       /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_unitsetting (src, skillid, skilllv, src->x, src->y, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case HP_BASILICA:      /* �ジリカ */
-        case PA_GOSPEL:        /* ゴスペル */
-            skill_clear_unitgroup (src);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_unitsetting (src, skillid, skilllv, src->x, src->y, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case BD_ADAPTATION:    /* アドリブ */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_stop_dancing (src, 0);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case BA_FROSTJOKE:     /* 寒�ジョーク */
-        case DC_SCREAM:        /* スクリーム */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_addtimerskill (src, tick + 3000, bl->id, 0, 0, skillid,
-                                 skilllv, 0, flag);
-            break;
-
-        case TF_STEAL:         // スティール
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (pc_steal_item (sd, bl))
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                else
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case RG_STEALCOIN:     // スティールコイン
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (pc_steal_coin (sd, bl))
-                {
-                    int  range = skill_get_range (skillid, skilllv);
-                    if (range < 0)
-                        range = battle_get_range (src) - (range + 1);
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                    mob_target ((struct mob_data *) bl, src, range);
-                }
-                else
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case MG_STONECURSE:    /* ストーンカース */
-            if (bl->type == BL_MOB && battle_get_mode (bl) & 0x20)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-                break;
-            }
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (MRAND (100) < skilllv * 4 + 20
-                && !battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl),
-                                         battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STONE, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            else if (sd)
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case NV_FIRSTAID:      /* 応急手当 */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, 5, 1);
-            battle_heal (NULL, bl, 5, 0, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case AL_CURE:          /* キュアー */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SILENCE, -1);
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_BLIND, -1);
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CONFUSION, -1);
-            if (battle_check_undead
-                (battle_get_race (bl), battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-            {                   //アンデッド�ら暗闇効果
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_CONFUSION, 1, 0, 0, 0, 6000,
-                                           0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case TF_DETOXIFY:      /* 解毒 */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_POISON, -1);
-            break;
-
-        case PR_STRECOVERY:    /* リカ�リー */
-        {
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_FREEZE, -1);
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STONE, -1);
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SLEEP, -1);
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STAN, -1);
-            if (battle_check_undead
-                (battle_get_race (bl), battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-            {                   //アンデッド�ら暗闇効果
-                int  blind_time;
-                //blind_time=30-battle_get_vit(bl)/10-battle_get_int/15;
-                blind_time =
-                    30 * (100 -
-                          (battle_get_int (bl) +
-                           battle_get_vit (bl)) / 2) / 100;
-                if (MRAND (100) <
-                    (100 -
-                     (battle_get_int (bl) / 2 + battle_get_vit (bl) / 3 +
-                      battle_get_luk (bl) / 10)))
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_BLIND, 1, 0, 0, 0,
-                                               blind_time, 0);
-            }
-            if (dstmd)
-            {
-                dstmd->attacked_id = 0;
-                dstmd->target_id = 0;
-                dstmd->state.targettype = NONE_ATTACKABLE;
-                dstmd->state.skillstate = MSS_IDLE;
-                dstmd->next_walktime = tick + MRAND (3000) + 3000;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_ESTIMATION:    /* モンスター情報 */
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                clif_skill_estimation ((struct map_session_data *) src, bl);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case MC_IDENTIFY:      /* アイテム鑑定 */
-            if (sd)
-                clif_item_identify_list (sd);
-            break;
-
-        case BS_REPAIRWEAPON:  /* 武器修� */
-            if (sd)
-//動作������り���コメントアウト
-//          clif_item_repair_list(sd);
-                break;
-
-        case AL_TELEPORT:      /* テレ�ート */
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noteleport)
-                {               /* テレ��止 */
-                    clif_skill_teleportmessage (sd, 0);
-                    break;
-                }
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                if (sd->skilllv == 1)
-                    clif_skill_warppoint (sd, sd->skillid, "Random", "", "",
-                                          "");
-                else
-                {
-                    clif_skill_warppoint (sd, sd->skillid, "Random",
-                                          sd->status.save_point.map, "", "");
-                }
-            }
-            else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                mob_warp ((struct mob_data *) bl, -1, -1, -1, 3);
-            break;
-
-        case AL_HOLYWATER:     /* アクアベ�ディクタ */
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  eflag;
-                struct item item_tmp;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
-                item_tmp.nameid = 523;
-                item_tmp.identify = 1;
-                if (battle_config.holywater_name_input)
-                {
-                    item_tmp.card[0] = 0xfe;
-                    item_tmp.card[1] = 0;
-                    *((unsigned long *) (&item_tmp.card[2])) = sd->char_id; /* キャラID */
-                }
-                eflag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1);
-                if (eflag)
-                {
-                    clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, eflag);
-                    map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x,
-                                      sd->bl.y, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case TF_PICKSTONE:
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  eflag;
-                struct item item_tmp;
-                struct block_list tbl;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
-                memset (&tbl, 0, sizeof (tbl)); // [MouseJstr]
-                item_tmp.nameid = 7049;
-                item_tmp.identify = 1;
-                tbl.id = 0;
-                clif_takeitem (&sd->bl, &tbl);
-                eflag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1);
-                if (eflag)
-                {
-                    clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, eflag);
-                    map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x,
-                                      sd->bl.y, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case RG_STRIPWEAPON:   /* ストリップウェ�ン */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_CP_WEAPON].timer != -1)
-                break;
-            strip_per = 5 + 2 * skilllv + strip_fix / 5;
-            strip_time = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv) + strip_fix / 2;
-            if (MRAND (100) < strip_per)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0, strip_time, 0);
-                if (dstsd)
-                {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip
-                            && dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0002)
-                        {
-                            pc_unequipitem (dstsd, i, 0);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case RG_STRIPSHIELD:   /* ストリップシールド */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_CP_SHIELD].timer != -1)
-                break;
-            strip_per = 5 + 2 * skilllv + strip_fix / 5;
-            strip_time = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv) + strip_fix / 2;
-            if (MRAND (100) < strip_per)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0, strip_time, 0);
-                if (dstsd)
-                {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip
-                            && dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0020)
-                        {
-                            pc_unequipitem (dstsd, i, 0);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case RG_STRIPARMOR:    /* ストリップアーマー */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_CP_ARMOR].timer != -1)
-                break;
-            strip_per = 5 + 2 * skilllv + strip_fix / 5;
-            strip_time = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv) + strip_fix / 2;
-            if (MRAND (100) < strip_per)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0, strip_time, 0);
-                if (dstsd)
-                {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip
-                            && dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0010)
-                        {
-                            pc_unequipitem (dstsd, i, 0);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case RG_STRIPHELM:     /* ストリップヘルム */
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_CP_HELM].timer != -1)
-                break;
-            strip_per = 5 + 2 * skilllv + strip_fix / 5;
-            strip_time = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv) + strip_fix / 2;
-            if (MRAND (100) < strip_per)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl,
-                                           SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                           skilllv, 0, 0, 0, strip_time, 0);
-                if (dstsd)
-                {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip
-                            && dstsd->status.inventory[i].equip & 0x0100)
-                        {
-                            pc_unequipitem (dstsd, i, 0);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-            /* PotionPitcher */
-        case AM_POTIONPITCHER: /* �ーションピッ�ャー */
-        {
-            struct block_list tbl;
-            int  i, x, hp = 0, sp = 0;
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (sd == dstsd)
-                {               // cancel use on oneself
-                    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                    return 1;
-                }
-                x = skilllv % 11 - 1;
-                i = pc_search_inventory (sd, skill_db[skillid].itemid[x]);
-                if (i < 0 || skill_db[skillid].itemid[x] <= 0)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                    return 1;
-                }
-                if (sd->inventory_data[i] == NULL
-                    || sd->status.inventory[i].amount <
-                    skill_db[skillid].amount[x])
-                {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                    return 1;
-                }
-                sd->state.potionpitcher_flag = 1;
-                sd->potion_hp = sd->potion_sp = sd->potion_per_hp =
-                    sd->potion_per_sp = 0;
-                sd->skilltarget = bl->id;
-                run_script (sd->inventory_data[i]->use_script, 0, sd->bl.id,
-                            0);
-                pc_delitem (sd, i, skill_db[skillid].amount[x], 0);
-                sd->state.potionpitcher_flag = 0;
-                if (sd->potion_per_hp > 0 || sd->potion_per_sp > 0)
-                {
-                    hp = battle_get_max_hp (bl) * sd->potion_per_hp / 100;
-                    hp = hp * (100 +
-                               pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                              AM_POTIONPITCHER) * 10 +
-                               pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                              AM_LEARNINGPOTION) * 5) / 100;
-                    if (dstsd)
-                    {
-                        sp = dstsd->status.max_sp * sd->potion_per_sp / 100;
-                        sp = sp * (100 +
-                                   pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                  AM_POTIONPITCHER) +
-                                   pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                  AM_LEARNINGPOTION) * 5) /
-                            100;
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    if (sd->potion_hp > 0)
-                    {
-                        hp = sd->potion_hp * (100 +
-                                              pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                             AM_POTIONPITCHER)
-                                              * 10 + pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                                    AM_LEARNINGPOTION)
-                                              * 5) / 100;
-                        hp = hp * (100 + (battle_get_vit (bl) << 1)) / 100;
-                        if (dstsd)
-                            hp = hp * (100 +
-                                       pc_checkskill (dstsd,
-                                                      SM_RECOVERY) * 10) /
-                                100;
-                    }
-                    if (sd->potion_sp > 0)
-                    {
-                        sp = sd->potion_sp * (100 +
-                                              pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                             AM_POTIONPITCHER)
-                                              + pc_checkskill (sd,
-                                                               AM_LEARNINGPOTION)
-                                              * 5) / 100;
-                        sp = sp * (100 + (battle_get_int (bl) << 1)) / 100;
-                        if (dstsd)
-                            sp = sp * (100 +
-                                       pc_checkskill (dstsd,
-                                                      MG_SRECOVERY) * 10) /
-                                100;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                hp = (1 + MRAND (400)) * (100 + skilllv * 10) / 100;
-                hp = hp * (100 + (battle_get_vit (bl) << 1)) / 100;
-                if (dstsd)
-                    hp = hp * (100 +
-                               pc_checkskill (dstsd, SM_RECOVERY) * 10) / 100;
-            }
-            tbl.id = 0;
-            tbl.m = src->m;
-            tbl.x = src->x;
-            tbl.y = src->y;
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (hp > 0 || (hp <= 0 && sp <= 0))
-                clif_skill_nodamage (&tbl, bl, AL_HEAL, hp, 1);
-            if (sp > 0)
-                clif_skill_nodamage (&tbl, bl, MG_SRECOVERY, sp, 1);
-            battle_heal (src, bl, hp, sp, 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case AM_CP_WEAPON:
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_STRIPWEAPON].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STRIPWEAPON, -1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case AM_CP_SHIELD:
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_STRIPSHIELD].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STRIPSHIELD, -1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case AM_CP_ARMOR:
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_STRIPARMOR].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STRIPARMOR, -1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case AM_CP_HELM:
-        {
-            struct status_change *tsc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (tsc_data && tsc_data[SC_STRIPHELM].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STRIPHELM, -1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case SA_DISPELL:       /* ディスペル */
-        {
-            int  i;
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            for (i = 0; i < 136; i++)
-            {
-                if (i == SC_RIDING || i == SC_FALCON || i == SC_HALLUCINATION
-                    || i == SC_WEIGHT50 || i == SC_WEIGHT90
-                    || i == SC_STRIPWEAPON || i == SC_STRIPSHIELD
-                    || i == SC_STRIPARMOR || i == SC_STRIPHELM
-                    || i == SC_CP_WEAPON || i == SC_CP_SHIELD
-                    || i == SC_CP_ARMOR || i == SC_CP_HELM || i == SC_COMBO)
-                    continue;
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, i, -1);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case TF_BACKSLIDING:   /* �ックステップ */
-            battle_stopwalking (src, 1);
-            skill_blown (src, bl,
-                         skill_get_blewcount (skillid, skilllv) | 0x10000);
-            if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-                clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) src);
-            else if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                clif_fixpos (src);
-            skill_addtimerskill (src, tick + 200, src->id, 0, 0, skillid,
-                                 skilllv, 0, flag);
-            break;
-
-        case SA_CASTCANCEL:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_castcancel (src, 1);
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  sp = skill_get_sp (sd->skillid_old, sd->skilllv_old);
-                sp = sp * (90 - (skilllv - 1) * 20) / 100;
-                if (sp < 0)
-                    sp = 0;
-                pc_heal (sd, 0, -sp);
-            }
-            break;
-        case SA_SPELLBREAKER:  // スペルブレイカー
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  sp;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].timer != -1)
-            {
-                if (dstsd)
-                {
-                    sp = skill_get_sp (skillid, skilllv);
-                    sp = sp * sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].val2 / 100;
-                    if (sp > 0x7fff)
-                        sp = 0x7fff;
-                    else if (sp < 1)
-                        sp = 1;
-                    if (dstsd->status.sp + sp > dstsd->status.max_sp)
-                    {
-                        sp = dstsd->status.max_sp - dstsd->status.sp;
-                        dstsd->status.sp = dstsd->status.max_sp;
-                    }
-                    else
-                        dstsd->status.sp += sp;
-                    clif_heal (dstsd->fd, SP_SP, sp);
-                }
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, bl, SA_MAGICROD,
-                                     sc_data[SC_MAGICROD].val1, 1);
-                if (sd)
-                {
-                    sp = sd->status.max_sp / 5;
-                    if (sp < 1)
-                        sp = 1;
-                    pc_heal (sd, 0, -sp);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int  bl_skillid = 0, bl_skilllv = 0;
-                if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-                {
-                    if (dstsd && dstsd->skilltimer != -1)
-                    {
-                        bl_skillid = dstsd->skillid;
-                        bl_skilllv = dstsd->skilllv;
-                    }
-                }
-                else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                {
-                    if (dstmd && dstmd->skilltimer != -1)
-                    {
-                        bl_skillid = dstmd->skillid;
-                        bl_skilllv = dstmd->skilllv;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (bl_skillid > 0
-                    && skill_db[bl_skillid].skill_type == BF_MAGIC)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                    skill_castcancel (bl, 0);
-                    sp = skill_get_sp (bl_skillid, bl_skilllv);
-                    if (dstsd)
-                        pc_heal (dstsd, 0, -sp);
-                    if (sd)
-                    {
-                        sp = sp * (25 * (skilllv - 1)) / 100;
-                        if (skilllv > 1 && sp < 1)
-                            sp = 1;
-                        if (sp > 0x7fff)
-                            sp = 0x7fff;
-                        else if (sp < 1)
-                            sp = 1;
-                        if (sd->status.sp + sp > sd->status.max_sp)
-                        {
-                            sp = sd->status.max_sp - sd->status.sp;
-                            sd->status.sp = sd->status.max_sp;
-                        }
-                        else
-                            sd->status.sp += sp;
-                        clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_SP, sp);
-                    }
-                }
-                else if (sd)
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case SA_MAGICROD:
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case SA_AUTOSPELL:     /* オートスペル */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd)
-                clif_autospell (sd, skilllv);
-            else
-            {
-                int  maxlv = 1, spellid = 0;
-                static const int spellarray[3] =
-                    { MG_COLDBOLT, MG_FIREBOLT, MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT };
-                if (skilllv >= 10)
-                {
-                    spellid = MG_FROSTDIVER;
-                    maxlv = skilllv - 9;
-                }
-                else if (skilllv >= 8)
-                {
-                    spellid = MG_FIREBALL;
-                    maxlv = skilllv - 7;
-                }
-                else if (skilllv >= 5)
-                {
-                    spellid = MG_SOULSTRIKE;
-                    maxlv = skilllv - 4;
-                }
-                else if (skilllv >= 2)
-                {
-                    int  i = MRAND (3);
-                    spellid = spellarray[i];
-                    maxlv = skilllv - 1;
-                }
-                else if (skilllv > 0)
-                {
-                    spellid = MG_NAPALMBEAT;
-                    maxlv = 3;
-                }
-                if (spellid > 0)
-                    skill_status_change_start (src, SC_AUTOSPELL, skilllv,
-                                               spellid, maxlv, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time (SA_AUTOSPELL,
-                                                               skilllv), 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-            /* ランダム属性変化�水属性変化�地���風 */
-        case NPC_ATTRICHANGE:
-        case NPC_CHANGEWATER:
-        case NPC_CHANGEGROUND:
-        case NPC_CHANGEFIRE:
-        case NPC_CHANGEWIND:
-            /* 毒���念�闇 */
-        case NPC_CHANGEPOISON:
-        case NPC_CHANGEHOLY:
-        case NPC_CHANGEDARKNESS:
-        case NPC_CHANGETELEKINESIS:
-            if (md)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                md->def_ele = skill_get_pl (skillid);
-                if (md->def_ele == 0)   /* ランダム変化����� */
-                    md->def_ele = MRAND (10);   /* �死属性�除� */
-                md->def_ele += (1 + MRAND (4)) * 20;    /* 属性レベル�ランダム */
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_HALLUCINATION:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_KEEPING:
-        case NPC_BARRIER:
-        {
-            int  skill_time = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0, skill_time, 0);
-            mob_changestate ((struct mob_data *) src, MS_DELAY, skill_time);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_DARKBLESSING:
-        {
-            int  sc_def = 100 - battle_get_mdef (bl);
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (battle_get_elem_type (bl) == 7 || battle_get_race (bl) == 6)
-                break;
-            if (MRAND (100) < sc_def * (50 + skilllv * 5) / 100)
-            {
-                if (dstsd)
-                {
-                    int  hp = battle_get_hp (bl) - 1;
-                    pc_heal (dstsd, -hp, 0);
-                }
-                else if (dstmd)
-                    dstmd->hp = 1;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION:  /* 自爆 */
-        case NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2: /* 自爆2 */
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, skillid, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case NPC_LICK:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_weapon_damage)
-                break;
-            if (dstsd)
-                pc_heal (dstsd, 0, -100);
-            if (MRAND (100) < (skilllv * 5) * sc_def_vit / 100)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_STAN, skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (skillid, skilllv),
-                                           0);
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_SUICIDE:      /* 自決 */
-            if (src && bl && md)
-            {
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                mob_damage (NULL, md, md->hp, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_SUMMONSLAVE:  /* 手下�喚 */
-        case NPC_SUMMONMONSTER:    /* MOB�喚 */
+        case SkillID::NPC_SUMMONSLAVE:
             if (md && !md->master_id)
             {
-                mob_summonslave (md,
-                                 mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[md->skillidx].val,
-                                 skilllv,
-                                 (skillid == NPC_SUMMONSLAVE) ? 1 : 0);
+                mob_summonslave(md,
+                        mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[md->skillidx].val,
+                        skilllv,
+                        1);
             }
             break;
 
-        case NPC_TRANSFORMATION:
-        case NPC_METAMORPHOSIS:
-            if (md)
-                mob_class_change (md,
-                                  mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[md->skillidx].val);
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_EMOTION:      /* エモーション */
+        case SkillID::NPC_EMOTION:
             if (md)
-                clif_emotion (&md->bl,
-                              mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[md->skillidx].val[0]);
-            break;
-
-        case NPC_DEFENDER:
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            break;
-
-        case WE_MALE:          /* ����護るよ */
-            if (sd && dstsd)
-            {
-                int  hp_rate =
-                    (skilllv <=
-                     0) ? 0 : skill_db[skillid].hp_rate[skilllv - 1];
-                int  gain_hp = sd->status.max_hp * abs (hp_rate) / 100; // 15%
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, gain_hp, 1);
-                battle_heal (NULL, bl, gain_hp, 0, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-        case WE_FEMALE:        /* ����為�犠牲��り�� */
-            if (sd && dstsd)
-            {
-                int  sp_rate =
-                    (skilllv <=
-                     0) ? 0 : skill_db[skillid].sp_rate[skilllv - 1];
-                int  gain_sp = sd->status.max_sp * abs (sp_rate) / 100; // 15%
-                clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, gain_sp, 1);
-                battle_heal (NULL, bl, 0, gain_sp, 0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case WE_CALLPARTNER:   /* ����会��� */
-            if (sd && dstsd)
-            {
-                if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.nomemo)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_teleportmessage (sd, 1);
-                    return 0;
-                }
-                if ((dstsd = pc_get_partner (sd)) == NULL)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skillid, 0, 0);
-                    return 0;
-                }
-                skill_unitsetting (src, skillid, skilllv, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                                   0);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case PF_HPCONVERSION:  /* ライフ置��� */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  conv_hp = 0, conv_sp = 0;
-                conv_hp = sd->status.hp / 10;   //基本�HP�10%
-                sd->status.hp -= conv_hp;   //HPを減ら�
-                conv_sp = conv_hp * 20 * skilllv / 100;
-                conv_sp =
-                    (sd->status.sp + conv_sp >
-                     sd->status.max_sp) ? sd->status.max_sp -
-                    sd->status.sp : conv_sp;
-                sd->status.sp += conv_sp;   //SPを増や�
-                pc_heal (sd, -conv_hp, conv_sp);
-                clif_heal (sd->fd, SP_SP, conv_sp);
-            }
-            break;
-        case HT_REMOVETRAP:    /* リムーブトラップ */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            {
-                struct skill_unit *su = NULL;
-                struct item item_tmp;
-                if ((bl->type == BL_SKILL) &&
-                    (su = (struct skill_unit *) bl) &&
-                    (su->group->src_id == src->id || map[bl->m].flag.pvp
-                     || map[bl->m].flag.gvg) && (su->group->unit_id >= 0x8f
-                                                 && su->group->unit_id <=
-                                                 0x99)
-                    && (su->group->unit_id != 0x92))
-                {               //罠を�り返�
-                    if (sd)
-                    {
-                        if (battle_config.skill_removetrap_type == 1)
-                        {
-                            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-                            {
-                                if (skill_db[su->group->skill_id].itemid[i] >
-                                    0)
-                                {
-                                    memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
-                                    item_tmp.nameid =
-                                        skill_db[su->group->
-                                                 skill_id].itemid[i];
-                                    item_tmp.identify = 1;
-                                    int item_flag;
-                                    if (item_tmp.nameid
-                                        && (item_flag =
-                                            pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp,
-                                                        skill_db[su->
-                                                                 group->skill_id].amount
-                                                        [i])))
-                                    {
-                                        clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, item_flag);
-                                        map_addflooritem (&item_tmp,
-                                                          skill_db[su->
-                                                                   group->skill_id].amount
-                                                          [i], sd->bl.m,
-                                                          sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
-                                                          NULL, NULL, NULL,
-                                                          0);
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
-                            item_tmp.nameid = 1065;
-                            item_tmp.identify = 1;
-                            int item_flag;
-                            if (item_tmp.nameid
-                                && (item_flag = pc_additem (sd, &item_tmp, 1)))
-                            {
-                                clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, item_flag);
-                                map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, sd->bl.m,
-                                                  sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, NULL,
-                                                  NULL, NULL, 0);
-                            }
-                        }
-
-                    }
-                    if (su->group->unit_id == 0x91 && su->group->val2)
-                    {
-                        struct block_list *target =
-                            map_id2bl (su->group->val2);
-                        if (target
-                            && (target->type == BL_PC
-                                || target->type == BL_MOB))
-                            skill_status_change_end (target, SC_ANKLE, -1);
-                    }
-                    skill_delunit (su);
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case HT_SPRINGTRAP:    /* スプリングトラップ */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            {
-                struct skill_unit *su = NULL;
-                if ((bl->type == BL_SKILL) && (su = (struct skill_unit *) bl)
-                    && (su->group))
-                {
-                    switch (su->group->unit_id)
-                    {
-                        case 0x8f: /* ブラストマイン */
-                        case 0x90: /* スキッドトラップ */
-                        case 0x93: /* ランドマイン */
-                        case 0x94: /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-                        case 0x95: /* サンドマン */
-                        case 0x96: /* フラッシャー */
-                        case 0x97: /* フリージングトラップ */
-                        case 0x98: /* クレイモアートラップ */
-                        case 0x99: /* トーキーボックス */
-                            su->group->unit_id = 0x8c;
-                            clif_changelook (bl, LOOK_BASE,
-                                             su->group->unit_id);
-                            su->group->limit =
-                                DIFF_TICK (tick + 1500, su->group->tick);
-                            su->limit =
-                                DIFF_TICK (tick + 1500, su->group->tick);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case BD_ENCORE:        /* アンコール */
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            if (sd)
-                skill_use_id (sd, src->id, sd->skillid_dance,
-                              sd->skilllv_dance);
-            break;
-        case AS_SPLASHER:      /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-            if ((double) battle_get_max_hp (bl) * 2 / 3 < battle_get_hp (bl))   //HP�2/3以上残����ら失敗
-                return 1;
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, skillid, src->id, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-            break;
-        case PF_MINDBREAKER:   /* プロボック */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-
-            /* MVPmob��死��効��� */
-            if ((bl->type == BL_MOB && battle_get_mode (bl) & 0x20) || battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl), battle_get_elem_type (bl)))   //�死��効���
-            {
-                map_freeblock_unlock ();
-                return 1;
-            }
-
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (bl, SkillStatusChangeTable[skillid],
-                                       skilllv, 0, 0, 0,
-                                       skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv), 0);
-
-            if (dstmd && dstmd->skilltimer != -1 && dstmd->state.skillcastcancel)   // 詠唱妨害
-                skill_castcancel (bl, 0);
-            if (dstsd && dstsd->skilltimer != -1
-                && (!dstsd->special_state.no_castcancel
-                    || map[bl->m].flag.gvg) && dstsd->state.skillcastcancel
-                && !dstsd->special_state.no_castcancel2)
-                skill_castcancel (bl, 0);
-
-            if (sc_data)
-            {
-                if (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_FREEZE, -1);
-                if (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STONE, -1);
-                if (sc_data[SC_SLEEP].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SLEEP, -1);
-            }
-
-            if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-            {
-                int  range = skill_get_range (skillid, skilllv);
-                if (range < 0)
-                    range = battle_get_range (src) - (range + 1);
-                mob_target ((struct mob_data *) bl, src, range);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case RG_CLEANER:       //AppleGirl
-            clif_skill_nodamage (src, bl, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-            {
-                struct skill_unit *su = NULL;
-                if ((bl->type == BL_SKILL) &&
-                    (su = (struct skill_unit *) bl) &&
-                    (su->group->src_id == src->id || map[bl->m].flag.pvp
-                     || map[bl->m].flag.gvg) && (su->group->unit_id == 0xb0))
-                {               //罠を�り返�
-                    if (sd)
-                        skill_delunit (su);
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            printf ("Unknown skill used:%d\n", skillid);
-            map_freeblock_unlock ();
-            return 1;
-    }
-
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（詠唱完了�ID指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void skill_castend_id (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (id) /*,*target_sd=NULL */ ;
-    struct block_list *bl;
-    int  range, inf2;
-
-    nullpo_retv ( sd);
-
-    if (sd->bl.prev == NULL)    //prev�無����り��？
-        return;
-
-    if (sd->skillid != SA_CASTCANCEL && sd->skilltimer != tid)  /* タイマID�確� */
-        return;
-    if (sd->skillid != SA_CASTCANCEL && sd->skilltimer != -1
-        && pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) > 0)
-    {
-        sd->speed = sd->prev_speed;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-    }
-    if (sd->skillid != SA_CASTCANCEL)
-        sd->skilltimer = -1;
-
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (sd->skilltarget)) == NULL || bl->prev == NULL)
-    {
-        sd->canact_tick = tick;
-        sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-    if (sd->bl.m != bl->m || pc_isdead (sd))
-    {                           //マップ����自分�死ん��る
-        sd->canact_tick = tick;
-        sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->skillid == PR_LEXAETERNA)
-    {
-        struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-        if (sc_data
-            && (sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1
-                || (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (sd->skillid == RG_BACKSTAP)
-    {
-        int  dir = map_calc_dir (&sd->bl, bl->x, bl->y), t_dir =
-            battle_get_dir (bl);
-        int  dist = distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y);
-        if (bl->type != BL_SKILL && (dist == 0 || map_check_dir (dir, t_dir)))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    inf2 = skill_get_inf2 (sd->skillid);
-    if (((skill_get_inf (sd->skillid) & 1) || inf2 & 4) &&  // 彼我敵対関係�ェック
-        battle_check_target (&sd->bl, bl, BCT_ENEMY) <= 0)
-    {
-        sd->canact_tick = tick;
-        sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-    if (inf2 & 0xC00 && sd->bl.id != bl->id)
-    {
-        int  fail_flag = 1;
-        if (inf2 & 0x400 && battle_check_target (&sd->bl, bl, BCT_PARTY) > 0)
-            fail_flag = 0;
-        if (inf2 & 0x800 && sd->status.guild_id > 0
-            && sd->status.guild_id == battle_get_guild_id (bl))
-            fail_flag = 0;
-        if (fail_flag)
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    range = skill_get_range (sd->skillid, sd->skilllv);
-    if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-    range += battle_config.pc_skill_add_range;
-    if ((sd->skillid == MO_EXTREMITYFIST && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer != -1
-         && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == MO_COMBOFINISH)
-        || (sd->skillid == CH_TIGERFIST && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == MO_COMBOFINISH)
-        || (sd->skillid == CH_CHAINCRUSH && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == MO_COMBOFINISH)
-        || (sd->skillid == CH_CHAINCRUSH && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer != -1
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == CH_TIGERFIST))
-        range +=
-            skill_get_blewcount (MO_COMBOFINISH, sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val2);
-    if (battle_config.skill_out_range_consume)
-    {                           // changed to allow casting when target walks out of range [Valaris]
-        if (range < distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!skill_check_condition (sd, 1))
-    {                           /* 使用�件�ェック */
-        sd->canact_tick = tick;
-        sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-    sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-    if (battle_config.skill_out_range_consume)
-    {
-        if (range < distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, bl->x, bl->y))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_log)
-        printf ("PC %d skill castend skill=%d\n", sd->bl.id, sd->skillid);
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-
-    switch (skill_get_nk (sd->skillid))
-    {
-            /* 攻撃系/��飛��系 */
-        case 0:
-        case 2:
-            skill_castend_damage_id (&sd->bl, bl, sd->skillid, sd->skilllv,
-                                     tick, 0);
-            break;
-        case 1:                /* 支�系 */
-            if ((sd->skillid == AL_HEAL
-                 || (sd->skillid == ALL_RESURRECTION && bl->type != BL_PC)
-                 || sd->skillid == PR_ASPERSIO)
-                && battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl),
-                                        battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-                skill_castend_damage_id (&sd->bl, bl, sd->skillid,
-                                         sd->skilllv, tick, 0);
-            else
-                skill_castend_nodamage_id (&sd->bl, bl, sd->skillid,
-                                           sd->skilllv, tick, 0);
-            break;
-    }
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（詠唱完了�場所指定�実際�処�）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_castend_pos2 (struct block_list *src, int x, int y, int skillid,
-                        int skilllv, unsigned int tick, int flag)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  i, tmpx = 0, tmpy = 0, x1 = 0, y1 = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) src);
-    }
-    if (skillid != WZ_METEOR &&
-        skillid != WZ_SIGHTRASHER &&
-        skillid != AM_CANNIBALIZE && skillid != AM_SPHEREMINE)
-        clif_skill_poseffect (src, skillid, skilllv, x, y, tick);
-
-    if (skillnotok (skillid, sd))   // [MouseJstr]
-        return 0;
-
-    switch (skillid)
-    {
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体�� */
-            skill_area_temp[1] = src->id;
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                               src->m, x - 1, y - 1, x + 1, y + 1, 0,
-                               src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                               flag | BCT_NOENEMY | 1,
-                               skill_castend_nodamage_id);
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub, src->m, x - 1, y - 1, x + 1,
-                               y + 1, 0, src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                               flag | BCT_ENEMY | 1, skill_castend_damage_id);
-            break;
-
-        case BS_HAMMERFALL:    /* �ンマーフォール */
-            skill_area_temp[1] = src->id;
-            skill_area_temp[2] = x;
-            skill_area_temp[3] = y;
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_area_sub,
-                               src->m, x - 2, y - 2, x + 2, y + 2, 0,
-                               src, skillid, skilllv, tick,
-                               flag | BCT_ENEMY | 2,
-                               skill_castend_nodamage_id);
-            break;
-
-        case HT_DETECTING:     /* ディテクティング */
-        {
-            const int range = 7;
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_status_change_timer_sub,
-                               src->m, src->x - range, src->y - range,
-                               src->x + range, src->y + range, 0, src,
-                               SC_SIGHT, tick);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case MG_SAFETYWALL:    /* セイフティウォール */
-        case MG_FIREWALL:      /* ファイヤーウォール */
-        case MG_THUNDERSTORM:  /* サンダーストーム */
-        case AL_PNEUMA:        /* ニューマ */
-        case WZ_ICEWALL:       /* アイスウォール */
-        case WZ_FIREPILLAR:    /* ファイアピラー */
-        case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-        case WZ_QUAGMIRE:      /* クァグマイア */
-        case WZ_VERMILION:     /* ロードオブヴァーミリオン */
-        case WZ_FROSTNOVA:     /* フロストノヴァ */
-        case WZ_STORMGUST:     /* ストームガスト */
-        case WZ_HEAVENDRIVE:   /* ヘヴンズドライブ */
-        case PR_SANCTUARY:     /* サンク�ュアリ */
-        case PR_MAGNUS:        /* マグヌスエクソシズム */
-        case CR_GRANDCROSS:    /* グランドクロス */
-        case HT_SKIDTRAP:      /* スキッドトラップ */
-        case HT_LANDMINE:      /* ランドマイン */
-        case HT_ANKLESNARE:    /* アンクルス�ア */
-        case HT_SHOCKWAVE:     /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-        case HT_SANDMAN:       /* サンドマン */
-        case HT_FLASHER:       /* フラッシャー */
-        case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:  /* フリージングトラップ */
-        case HT_BLASTMINE:     /* ブラストマイン */
-        case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:  /* クレイモアートラップ */
-        case AS_VENOMDUST:     /* ベノムダスト */
-        case AM_DEMONSTRATION: /* デモンストレーション */
-        case PF_SPIDERWEB:     /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-        case PF_FOGWALL:       /* フォグウォール */
-        case HT_TALKIEBOX:     /* トーキーボックス */
-            skill_unitsetting (src, skillid, skilllv, x, y, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case RG_GRAFFITI:      /* Graffiti [Valaris] */
-            skill_clear_unitgroup (src);
-            skill_unitsetting (src, skillid, skilllv, x, y, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case SA_VOLCANO:       /* ボルケーノ */
-        case SA_DELUGE:        /* デリュージ */
-        case SA_VIOLENTGALE:   /* �イオレントゲイル */
-        case SA_LANDPROTECTOR: /* ランドプロテクター */
-            skill_clear_element_field (src);    //既�自分�発動���る属性場をクリア
-            skill_unitsetting (src, skillid, skilllv, x, y, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_METEOR:        //メテオストーム
-        {
-            int flag_ = 0;
-            for (i = 0; i < 2 + (skilllv >> 1); i++)
-            {
-                int  j = 0, c;
-                do
-                {
-                    tmpx = x + (MRAND (7) - 3);
-                    tmpy = y + (MRAND (7) - 3);
-                    if (tmpx < 0)
-                        tmpx = 0;
-                    else if (tmpx >= map[src->m].xs)
-                        tmpx = map[src->m].xs - 1;
-                    if (tmpy < 0)
-                        tmpy = 0;
-                    else if (tmpy >= map[src->m].ys)
-                        tmpy = map[src->m].ys - 1;
-                    j++;
-                }
-                while (((c = map_getcell (src->m, tmpx, tmpy)) == 1 || c == 5)
-                       && j < 100);
-                if (j >= 100)
-                    continue;
-                if (flag_ == 0)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_poseffect (src, skillid, skilllv, tmpx, tmpy,
-                                          tick);
-                    flag_ = 1;
-                }
-                if (i > 0)
-                    skill_addtimerskill (src, tick + i * 1000, 0, tmpx, tmpy,
-                                         skillid, skilllv, (x1 << 16) | y1,
-                                         flag_);
-                x1 = tmpx;
-                y1 = tmpy;
-            }
-            skill_addtimerskill (src, tick + i * 1000, 0, tmpx, tmpy, skillid,
-                                 skilllv, -1, flag_);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case AL_WARP:          /* ワープ�ータル */
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noteleport)  /* テレ��止 */
-                    break;
-                clif_skill_warppoint (sd, sd->skillid,
-                                      sd->status.save_point.map,
-                                      (sd->skilllv >
-                                       1) ? sd->status.memo_point[0].map : "",
-                                      (sd->skilllv >
-                                       2) ? sd->status.memo_point[1].map : "",
-                                      (sd->skilllv >
-                                       3) ? sd->status.
-                                      memo_point[2].map : "");
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_BODYRELOCATION:
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                pc_movepos (sd, x, y);
-            }
-            else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-                mob_warp ((struct mob_data *) src, -1, x, y, 0);
-            break;
-        case AM_CANNIBALIZE:   // �イオプラント
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  mx, my, id = 0;
-                struct mob_data *md;
-
-                mx = x;         // + (rand()%10 - 5);
-                my = y;         // + (rand()%10 - 5);
-                id = mob_once_spawn (sd, "this", mx, my, "--ja--", 1118, 1,
-                                     "");
-                if ((md = (struct mob_data *) map_id2bl (id)) != NULL)
-                {
-                    md->master_id = sd->bl.id;
-                    md->hp = 2210 + skilllv * 200;
-                    md->state.special_mob_ai = 1;
-                    md->deletetimer =
-                        add_timer (gettick () +
-                                   skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                   mob_timer_delete, id, 0);
-                }
-                clif_skill_poseffect (src, skillid, skilllv, x, y, tick);
-            }
-            break;
-        case AM_SPHEREMINE:    // スフィアーマイン
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                int  mx, my, id = 0;
-                struct mob_data *md;
-
-                mx = x;         // + (rand()%10 - 5);
-                my = y;         // + (rand()%10 - 5);
-                id = mob_once_spawn (sd, "this", mx, my, "--ja--", 1142, 1,
-                                     "");
-                if ((md = (struct mob_data *) map_id2bl (id)) != NULL)
-                {
-                    md->master_id = sd->bl.id;
-                    md->hp = 1000 + skilllv * 200;
-                    md->state.special_mob_ai = 2;
-                    md->deletetimer =
-                        add_timer (gettick () +
-                                   skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv),
-                                   mob_timer_delete, id, 0);
-                }
-                clif_skill_poseffect (src, skillid, skilllv, x, y, tick);
-            }
+                clif_emotion(&md->bl,
+                        mob_db[md->mob_class].skill[md->skillidx].val[0]);
             break;
     }
 
+    map_freeblock_unlock();
     return 0;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * スキル使用（詠唱完了�map指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_castend_map (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num,
-                       const char *mapname)
-{
-    int  x = 0, y = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    if (sd->bl.prev == NULL || pc_isdead (sd))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->opt1 > 0 || sd->status.option & 2)
-        return 0;
-    //スキル�使���状態異常中
-    if (sd->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-            return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (skill_num != sd->skillid)   /* �正パケットら�� */
-        return 0;
-
-    pc_stopattack (sd);
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_log)
-        printf ("PC %d skill castend skill =%d map=%s\n", sd->bl.id,
-                skill_num, mapname);
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-
-    if (strcmp (mapname, "cancel") == 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    switch (skill_num)
-    {
-        case AL_TELEPORT:      /* テレ�ート */
-            if (strcmp (mapname, "Random") == 0)
-                pc_randomwarp (sd, 3);
-            else
-                pc_setpos (sd, sd->status.save_point.map,
-                           sd->status.save_point.x, sd->status.save_point.y,
-                           3);
-            break;
-
-        case AL_WARP:          /* ワープ�ータル */
-        {
-            const struct point *p[] = {
-                &sd->status.save_point, &sd->status.memo_point[0],
-                &sd->status.memo_point[1], &sd->status.memo_point[2],
-            };
-            struct skill_unit_group *group;
-            int  i;
-            int  maxcount = 0;
-
-            if ((maxcount = skill_get_maxcount (sd->skillid)) > 0)
-            {
-                int  c;
-                for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sd->skillunit[i].alive_count > 0
-                        && sd->skillunit[i].skill_id == sd->skillid)
-                        c++;
-                }
-                if (c >= maxcount)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-                    sd->canact_tick = gettick ();
-                    sd->canmove_tick = gettick ();
-                    sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-                    return 0;
-                }
-            }
-
-            for (i = 0; i < sd->skilllv; i++)
-            {
-                if (strcmp (mapname, p[i]->map) == 0)
-                {
-                    x = p[i]->x;
-                    y = p[i]->y;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (x == 0 || y == 0)   /* �正パケット？ */
-                return 0;
-
-            if (!skill_check_condition (sd, 3))
-                return 0;
-            if ((group =
-                 skill_unitsetting (&sd->bl, sd->skillid, sd->skilllv,
-                                    sd->skillx, sd->skilly, 0)) == NULL)
-                return 0;
-            CREATE (group->valstr, char, 24);
-            memcpy (group->valstr, map, 24);
-            group->val2 = (x << 16) | y;
-        }
-            break;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット設定処�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-struct skill_unit_group *skill_unitsetting (struct block_list *src,
-                                            int skillid, int skilllv, int x,
-                                            int y, int flag)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-    int  i, count = 1, limit_ = 10000, val1_ = 0, val2_ = 0;
-    int  target = BCT_ENEMY, interval = 1000, range_ = 0;
-    int  dir = 0, aoe_diameter = 0; // -- aoe_diameter (moonsoul) added for sage Area Of Effect skills
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-
-    switch (skillid)
-    {                           /* 設定 */
-
-        case MG_SAFETYWALL:    /* セイフティウォール */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            val2_ = skilllv + 1;
-            interval = -1;
-            target = (battle_config.defnotenemy) ? BCT_NOENEMY : BCT_ALL;
-            break;
-
-        case MG_FIREWALL:      /* ファイヤーウォール */
-            if (src->x == x && src->y == y)
-                dir = 2;
-            else
-                dir = map_calc_dir (src, x, y);
-            if (dir & 1)
-                count = 5;
-            else
-                count = 3;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            val2_ = 4 + skilllv;
-            interval = 1;
-            break;
-
-        case AL_PNEUMA:        /* ニューマ */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            interval = -1;
-            target = (battle_config.defnotenemy) ? BCT_NOENEMY : BCT_ALL;
-            count = 9;
-            break;
-
-        case AL_WARP:          /* ワープ�ータル */
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            val1_ = skilllv + 6;
-            if (flag == 0)
-                limit_ = 2000;
-            else
-                limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            break;
-
-        case PR_SANCTUARY:     /* サンク�ュアリ */
-            count = 21;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            val1_ = skilllv + 3;
-            val2_ = (skilllv > 6) ? 777 : skilllv * 100;
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            range_ = 1;
-            break;
-
-        case PR_MAGNUS:        /* マグヌスエクソシズム */
-            count = 33;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            interval = 3000;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_FIREPILLAR:    /* ファイアーピラー */
-            if (flag == 0)
-                limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            else
-                limit_ = 1000;
-            interval = 2000;
-            val1_ = skilllv + 2;
-            range_ = 1;
-            break;
-
-        case MG_THUNDERSTORM:  /* サンダーストーム */
-            limit_ = 500;
-            range_ = 1;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_FROSTNOVA:     /* フロストノヴァ */
-            limit_ = 500;
-            range_ = 5;
-            break;
-        case WZ_HEAVENDRIVE:   /* ヘヴンズドライブ */
-            limit_ = 500;
-            range_ = 2;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_METEOR:        /* メテオストーム */
-            limit_ = 500;
-            range_ = 3;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-            limit_ = 500;
-            count = 41;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_VERMILION:     /* ロードオブヴァーミリオン */
-            limit_ = 4100;
-            interval = 1000;
-            range_ = 6;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_ICEWALL:       /* アイスウォール */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            count = 5;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_STORMGUST:     /* ストームガスト */
-            limit_ = 4600;
-            interval = 450;
-            range_ = 5;
-            break;
-
-        case WZ_QUAGMIRE:      /* クァグマイア */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            interval = 200;
-            count = 25;
-            break;
-
-        case HT_SKIDTRAP:      /* スキッドトラップ */
-        case HT_LANDMINE:      /* ランドマイン */
-        case HT_ANKLESNARE:    /* アンクルス�ア */
-        case HT_SANDMAN:       /* サンドマン */
-        case PF_SPIDERWEB:     /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-        case HT_FLASHER:       /* フラッシャー */
-        case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:  /* フリージングトラップ */
-        case HT_BLASTMINE:     /* ブラストマイン */
-        case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:  /* クレイモアートラップ */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 1;
-            break;
-
-        case HT_TALKIEBOX:     /* トーキーボックス */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 1;
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            break;
-
-        case HT_SHOCKWAVE:     /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 1;
-            val1_ = skilllv * 15 + 10;
-            break;
-
-        case AS_VENOMDUST:     /* ベノムダスト */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            interval = 1000;
-            count = 5;
-            break;
-
-        case CR_GRANDCROSS:    /* グランドクロス */
-            count = 29;
-            limit_ = 1000;
-            interval = 300;
-            break;
-
-        case SA_VOLCANO:       /* ボルケーノ */
-        case SA_DELUGE:        /* デリュージ */
-        case SA_VIOLENTGALE:   /* �イオレントゲイル */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            count = skilllv <= 2 ? 25 : (skilllv <= 4 ? 49 : 81);
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            break;
-
-        case SA_LANDPROTECTOR: /* グランドクロス */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);  // changed to get duration from cast_db (moonsoul)
-            val1_ = skilllv * 15 + 10;
-            aoe_diameter = skilllv + skilllv % 2 + 5;
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            count = aoe_diameter * aoe_diameter;    // -- this will not function if changed to ^2 (moonsoul)
-            break;
-
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守唄 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* エターナルカオス */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-            count = 81;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            break;
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-            count = 81;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_PARTY;
-            break;
-
-        case BA_WHISTLE:       /* �笛 */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_NOENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    (pc_checkskill
-                     ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                      BA_MUSICALLESSON) + 1) >> 1;
-            val2_ = ((battle_get_agi (src) / 10) & 0xffff) << 16;
-            val2_ |= (battle_get_luk (src) / 10) & 0xffff;
-            break;
-        case DC_HUMMING:       /* �ミング */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_NOENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    (pc_checkskill
-                     ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                      DC_DANCINGLESSON) + 1) >> 1;
-            val2_ = battle_get_dex (src) / 10;
-            break;
-
-        case BA_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-        case DC_UGLYDANCE:     /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_ENEMY;
-            break;
-
-        case DC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ���… */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_ENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    (pc_checkskill
-                     ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                      DC_DANCINGLESSON) + 1) >> 1;
-            val2_ = ((battle_get_str (src) / 20) & 0xffff) << 16;
-            val2_ |= (battle_get_agi (src) / 10) & 0xffff;
-            break;
-        case BA_POEMBRAGI:     /* ブラギ�詩 */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_NOENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    pc_checkskill ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                                   BA_MUSICALLESSON);
-            val2_ = ((battle_get_dex (src) / 10) & 0xffff) << 16;
-            val2_ |= (battle_get_int (src) / 5) & 0xffff;
-            break;
-        case BA_APPLEIDUN:     /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_NOENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    ((pc_checkskill
-                      ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                       BA_MUSICALLESSON)) & 0xffff) << 16;
-            else
-                val1_ = 0;
-            val1_ |= (battle_get_vit (src)) & 0xffff;
-            val2_ = 0;           //回復用タイムカウンタ(6秒毎�1増加)
-            break;
-        case DC_SERVICEFORYOU: /* サービスフォーユー */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_PARTY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    (pc_checkskill
-                     ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                      DC_DANCINGLESSON) + 1) >> 1;
-            val2_ = battle_get_int (src) / 10;
-            break;
-        case BA_ASSASSINCROSS: /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_NOENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    (pc_checkskill
-                     ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                      BA_MUSICALLESSON) + 1) >> 1;
-            val2_ = battle_get_agi (src) / 20;
-            break;
-        case DC_FORTUNEKISS:   /* 幸��キス */
-            count = 49;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = 5;
-            target = BCT_NOENEMY;
-            if (src->type == BL_PC)
-                val1_ =
-                    (pc_checkskill
-                     ((struct map_session_data *) src,
-                      DC_DANCINGLESSON) + 1) >> 1;
-            val2_ = battle_get_luk (src) / 10;
-            break;
-        case AM_DEMONSTRATION: /* デモンストレーション */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            interval = 1000;
-            range_ = 1;
-            target = BCT_ENEMY;
-            break;
-        case WE_CALLPARTNER:   /* ����逢��� */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            range_ = -1;
-            break;
-
-        case HP_BASILICA:      /* �ジリカ */
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            target = BCT_ALL;
-            range_ = 3;
-            //Fix to prevent the priest from walking while Basilica is up.
-            battle_stopwalking (src, 1);
-            skill_status_change_start (src, SC_ANKLE, skilllv, 0, 0, 0, limit_,
-                                       0);
-            break;
-        case PA_GOSPEL:        /* ゴスペル */
-            count = 49;
-            target = BCT_PARTY;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            break;
-        case PF_FOGWALL:       /* フォグウォール */
-            count = 15;
-            limit_ = skill_get_time (skillid, skilllv);
-            break;
-        case RG_GRAFFITI:      /* Graffiti */
-            count = 1;          // Leave this at 1 [Valaris]
-            limit_ = 600000;     // Time length [Valaris]
-            break;
-    };
-
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, group =
-                 skill_initunitgroup (src, count, skillid, skilllv,
-                                      skill_get_unit_id (skillid, flag & 1)));
-    group->limit = limit_;
-    group->val1 = val1_;
-    group->val2 = val2_;
-    group->target_flag = target;
-    group->interval = interval;
-    group->range = range_;
-    if (skillid == HT_TALKIEBOX || skillid == RG_GRAFFITI)
-    {
-        CREATE (group->valstr, char, 80);
-        memcpy (group->valstr, talkie_mes, 80);
-    }
-    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-    {
-        struct skill_unit *unit;
-        int  ux = x, uy = y, val1 = skilllv, val2 = 0, limit =
-            group->limit, alive = 1;
-        int  range = group->range;
-        switch (skillid)
-        {                       /* 設定 */
-            case AL_PNEUMA:    /* ニューマ */
-            {
-                static const int dx[9] = { -1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1 };
-                static const int dy[9] = { -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
-                ux += dx[i];
-                uy += dy[i];
-            }
-                break;
-            case MG_FIREWALL:  /* ファイヤーウォール */
-            {
-                if (dir & 1)
-                {               /* 斜��置 */
-                    static const int dx[][5] = {
-                        {1, 1, 0, 0, -1}, {-1, -1, 0, 0, 1},
-                    }, dy[][5] =
-                    {
-                        {
-                        1, 0, 0, -1, -1},
-                        {
-                    1, 0, 0, -1, -1},};
-                    ux += dx[(dir >> 1) & 1][i];
-                    uy += dy[(dir >> 1) & 1][i];
-                }
-                else
-                {               /* 上下�置 */
-                    if (dir % 4 == 0)   /* 上下 */
-                        ux += i - 1;
-                    else        /* 左� */
-                        uy += i - 1;
-                }
-                val2 = group->val2;
-            }
-                break;
-
-            case PR_SANCTUARY: /* サンク�ュアリ */
-            {
-                static const int dx[] = {
-                    -1, 0, 1, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, -2, -1, 0, 1,
-                    2, -1, 0, 1
-                };
-                static const int dy[] = {
-                    -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,
-                    1, 2, 2, 2,
-                };
-                ux += dx[i];
-                uy += dy[i];
-            }
-                break;
-
-            case PR_MAGNUS:    /* マグヌスエクソシズム */
-            {
-                static const int dx[] =
-                    { -1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
-                    -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, -1, 0, 1,
-                    -1, 0, 1,
-                };
-                static const int dy[] = {
-                    -3, -3, -3, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-                    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3
-                };
-                ux += dx[i];
-                uy += dy[i];
-            }
-                break;
-
-            case WZ_SIGHTRASHER:
-            {
-                static const int dx[] = {
-                    -5, 0, 5, -4, 0, 4, -3, 0, 3, -2, 0, 2, -1, 0, 1, -5, -4,
-                    -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, 0, 1, -2, 0, 2, -3,
-                    0, 3, -4, 0, 4, -5, 0, 5
-                };
-                static const int dy[] = {
-                    -5, -5, -5, -4, -4, -4, -3, -3, -3, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1,
-                    -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,
-                    3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5
-                };
-                ux += dx[i];
-                uy += dy[i];
-            }
-                break;
-
-            case WZ_ICEWALL:   /* アイスウォール */
-            {
-                if (skilllv <= 1)
-                    val1 = 500;
-                else
-                    val1 = 200 + 200 * skilllv;
-                if (src->x == x && src->y == y)
-                    dir = 2;
-                else
-                    dir = map_calc_dir (src, x, y);
-                ux += (2 - i) * diry[dir];
-                uy += (i - 2) * dirx[dir];
-            }
-                break;
-
-            case WZ_QUAGMIRE:  /* クァグマイア */
-                ux += (i % 5 - 2);
-                uy += (i / 5 - 2);
-                if (i == 12)
-                    range = 2;
-                else
-                    range = -1;
-
-                break;
-
-            case AS_VENOMDUST: /* ベノムダスト */
-            {
-                static const int dx[] = { -1, 0, 0, 0, 1 };
-                static const int dy[] = { 0, -1, 0, 1, 0 };
-                ux += dx[i];
-                uy += dy[i];
-            }
-                break;
-
-            case CR_GRANDCROSS:    /* グランドクロス */
-            {
-                static const int dx[] = {
-                    0, 0, -1, 0, 1, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,
-                    3, 4, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, -1, 0, 1, 0, 0,
-                };
-                static const int dy[] = {
-                    -4, -3, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-                    0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4,
-                };
-                ux += dx[i];
-                uy += dy[i];
-            }
-                break;
-            case SA_VOLCANO:   /* ボルケーノ */
-            case SA_DELUGE:    /* デリュージ */
-            case SA_VIOLENTGALE:   /* �イオレントゲイル */
-            {
-                int  u_range = 0, central = 0;
-                if (skilllv <= 2)
-                {
-                    u_range = 2;
-                    central = 12;
-                }
-                else if (skilllv <= 4)
-                {
-                    u_range = 3;
-                    central = 24;
-                }
-                else if (skilllv >= 5)
-                {
-                    u_range = 4;
-                    central = 40;
-                }
-                ux += (i % (u_range * 2 + 1) - u_range);
-                uy += (i / (u_range * 2 + 1) - u_range);
-
-                if (i == central)
-                    range = u_range;    //中央�ユニット�効果範囲�全範囲
-                else
-                    range = -1; //中央以外�ユニット�飾り
-            }
-                break;
-            case SA_LANDPROTECTOR: /* ランドプロテクター */
-            {
-                int  u_range = 0;
-
-                if (skilllv <= 2)
-                    u_range = 3;
-                else if (skilllv <= 4)
-                    u_range = 4;
-                else if (skilllv >= 5)
-                    u_range = 5;
-
-                ux += (i % (u_range * 2 + 1) - u_range);
-                uy += (i / (u_range * 2 + 1) - u_range);
-
-                range = 0;
-            }
-                break;
-
-                /* ダンス�� */
-            case BD_LULLABY:   /* �守歌 */
-            case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-            case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-            case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-            case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-            case BD_ROKISWEIL: /* ロキ��� */
-            case BD_INTOABYSS: /* 深淵�中� */
-            case BD_SIEGFRIED: /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-                ux += (i % 9 - 4);
-                uy += (i / 9 - 4);
-                if (i == 40)
-                    range = 4;  /* 中心�場��範囲を4�オー�ーライド */
-                else
-                    range = -1; /* 中心�ゃ��場��範囲を-1�オー�ーライド */
-                break;
-            case BA_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-            case BA_WHISTLE:   /* �笛 */
-            case BA_ASSASSINCROSS: /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-            case BA_POEMBRAGI: /* ブラギ�詩 */
-            case BA_APPLEIDUN: /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-            case DC_UGLYDANCE: /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-            case DC_HUMMING:   /* �ミング */
-            case DC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ���… */
-            case DC_FORTUNEKISS:   /* 幸��キス */
-            case DC_SERVICEFORYOU: /* サービスフォーユー */
-                ux += (i % 7 - 3);
-                uy += (i / 7 - 3);
-                if (i == 40)
-                    range = 4;  /* 中心�場��範囲を4�オー�ーライド */
-                else
-                    range = -1; /* 中心�ゃ��場��範囲を-1�オー�ーライド */
-                break;
-            case PA_GOSPEL:    /* ゴスペル */
-                ux += (i % 7 - 3);
-                uy += (i / 7 - 3);
-                break;
-            case PF_FOGWALL:   /* フォグウォール */
-                ux += (i % 5 - 2);
-                uy += (i / 5 - 1);
-                break;
-            case RG_GRAFFITI:  /* Graffiti [Valaris] */
-                ux += (i % 5 - 2);
-                uy += (i / 5 - 2);
-                break;
-        }
-        //直上スキル�場�設置座標上�ランドプロテクター�����ェック
-        if (range <= 0)
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_landprotector, src->m, ux, uy, ux, uy,
-                               BL_SKILL, skillid, &alive);
-
-        if (skillid == WZ_ICEWALL && alive)
-        {
-            val2 = map_getcell (src->m, ux, uy);
-            if (val2 == 5 || val2 == 1)
-                alive = 0;
-            else
-            {
-                map_setcell (src->m, ux, uy, 5);
-                clif_changemapcell (src->m, ux, uy, 5, 0);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (alive)
-        {
-            nullpo_retr (NULL, unit = skill_initunit (group, i, ux, uy));
-            unit->val1 = val1;
-            unit->val2 = val2;
-            unit->limit = limit;
-            unit->range = range;
-        }
-    }
-    return group;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット�発動イベント
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_onplace (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                        unsigned int tick)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-    struct block_list *ss;
-    struct skill_unit_group_tickset *ts;
-    struct map_session_data *srcsd = NULL;
-    int  diff, goflag, splash_count = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL || !src->alive
-        || (bl->type == BL_PC && pc_isdead ((struct map_session_data *) bl)))
-        return 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = src->group);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ss = map_id2bl (sg->src_id));
-
-    if (ss->type == BL_PC)
-        nullpo_retr (0, srcsd = (struct map_session_data *) ss);
-    if (srcsd && srcsd->chatID)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
-        return 0;
-    nullpo_retr (0, ts = skill_unitgrouptickset_search (bl, sg->group_id));
-    diff = DIFF_TICK (tick, ts->tick);
-    goflag = (diff > sg->interval || diff < 0);
-    if (sg->skill_id == CR_GRANDCROSS && !battle_config.gx_allhit)  // ������ら3HIT���
-        goflag = (diff > sg->interval * map_count_oncell (bl->m, bl->x, bl->y)
-                  || diff < 0);
-
-    //対象�LP上�居る場��無効
-    map_foreachinarea (skill_landprotector, bl->m, bl->x, bl->y, bl->x, bl->y,
-                       BL_SKILL, 0, &goflag);
-
-    if (!goflag)
-        return 0;
-    ts->tick = tick;
-    ts->group_id = sg->group_id;
-
-    switch (sg->unit_id)
-    {
-        case 0x83:             /* サンク�ュアリ */
-        {
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            int  damage_flag =
-                (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl))
-                 || race == 6) ? 1 : 0;
-
-            if (battle_get_hp (bl) >= battle_get_max_hp (bl) && !damage_flag)
-                break;
-
-            if ((sg->val1--) <= 0)
-            {
-                skill_delunitgroup (sg);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            if (!damage_flag)
-            {
-                int  heal = sg->val2;
-                if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                    && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                    special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                    heal = 0;   /* 黄金蟲カード（ヒール��） */
-                clif_skill_nodamage (&src->bl, bl, AL_HEAL, heal, 1);
-                battle_heal (NULL, bl, heal, 0, 0);
-            }
-            else
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, ss, &src->bl, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                              sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x84:             /* マグヌスエクソシズム */
-        {
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            int  damage_flag =
-                (battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl))
-                 || race == 6) ? 1 : 0;
-
-            if (!damage_flag)
-                return 0;
-            skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, ss, &src->bl, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                          sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x85:             /* ニューマ */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit *unit2;
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type = SC_PNEUMA;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv, (int) src,
-                                           0, 0, 0, 0);
-            else if ((unit2 = (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val2)
-                     && unit2 != src)
-            {
-                if (DIFF_TICK (sg->tick, unit2->group->tick) > 0)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv,
-                                               (int) src, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-                ts->tick -= sg->interval;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0x7e:             /* セイフティウォール */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit *unit2;
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type = SC_SAFETYWALL;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv, (int) src,
-                                           0, 0, 0, 0);
-            else if ((unit2 = (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val2)
-                     && unit2 != src)
-            {
-                if (sg->val1 < unit2->group->val1)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv,
-                                               (int) src, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-                ts->tick -= sg->interval;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x86:             /* ロードオブヴァーミリオン(＆ストームガスト ＆グランドクロス) */
-            skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, ss, &src->bl, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                          sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case 0x7f:             /* ファイヤーウォール */
-            if ((src->val2--) > 0)
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, ss, &src->bl, bl,
-                              sg->skill_id, sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-            if (src->val2 <= 0)
-                skill_delunit (src);
-            break;
-
-        case 0x87:             /* ファイアーピラー(発動�) */
-            skill_delunit (src);
-            skill_unitsetting (ss, sg->skill_id, sg->skill_lv, src->bl.x,
-                               src->bl.y, 1);
-            break;
-
-        case 0x88:             /* ファイアーピラー(発動後) */
-            if (DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) < 150)
-                skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, ss, &src->bl, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                              sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-            break;
-
-        case 0x90:             /* スキッドトラップ */
-        {
-            int  i, c = skill_get_blewcount (sg->skill_id, sg->skill_lv);
-            if (map[bl->m].flag.gvg)
-                c = 0;
-            for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
-                skill_blown (&src->bl, bl, 1 | 0x30000);
-            sg->unit_id = 0x8c;
-            clif_changelook (&src->bl, LOOK_BASE, sg->unit_id);
-            sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1500;
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x93:             /* ランドマイン */
-            skill_attack (BF_MISC, ss, &src->bl, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                          sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-            sg->unit_id = 0x8c;
-            clif_changelook (&src->bl, LOOK_BASE, 0x88);
-            sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1500;
-            break;
-
-        case 0x8f:             /* ブラストマイン */
-        case 0x94:             /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-        case 0x95:             /* サンドマン */
-        case 0x96:             /* フラッシャー */
-        case 0x97:             /* フリージングトラップ */
-        case 0x98:             /* クレイモアートラップ */
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_count_target, src->bl.m,
-                               src->bl.x - src->range, src->bl.y - src->range,
-                               src->bl.x + src->range, src->bl.y + src->range,
-                               0, &src->bl, &splash_count);
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_trap_splash, src->bl.m,
-                               src->bl.x - src->range, src->bl.y - src->range,
-                               src->bl.x + src->range, src->bl.y + src->range,
-                               0, &src->bl, tick, splash_count);
-            sg->unit_id = 0x8c;
-            clif_changelook (&src->bl, LOOK_BASE, sg->unit_id);
-            sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1500;
-            break;
-
-        case 0x91:             /* アンクルス�ア */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            if (sg->val2 == 0 && sc_data && sc_data[SC_ANKLE].timer == -1)
-            {
-                int  moveblock = (bl->x / BLOCK_SIZE != src->bl.x / BLOCK_SIZE
-                                  || bl->y / BLOCK_SIZE !=
-                                  src->bl.y / BLOCK_SIZE);
-                int  sec = skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                            sg->skill_lv) -
-                    (double) battle_get_agi (bl) * 0.1;
-                if (battle_get_mode (bl) & 0x20)
-                    sec = sec / 5;
-                battle_stopwalking (bl, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_ANKLE, sg->skill_lv, 0, 0,
-                                           0, sec, 0);
-
-                if (moveblock)
-                    map_delblock (bl);
-                bl->x = src->bl.x;
-                bl->y = src->bl.y;
-                if (moveblock)
-                    map_addblock (bl);
-                if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                    clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-                else
-                    clif_fixpos (bl);
-                clif_01ac (&src->bl);
-                sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + sec;
-                sg->val2 = bl->id;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x80:             /* ワープ�ータル(発動後) */
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-                if (sd && src->bl.m == bl->m && src->bl.x == bl->x
-                    && src->bl.y == bl->y && src->bl.x == sd->to_x
-                    && src->bl.y == sd->to_y)
-                {
-                    if (battle_config.chat_warpportal || !sd->chatID)
-                    {
-                        if ((sg->val1--) > 0)
-                        {
-                            pc_setpos (sd, sg->valstr, sg->val2 >> 16,
-                                       sg->val2 & 0xffff, 3);
-                            if (sg->src_id == bl->id
-                                || (strcmp (map[src->bl.m].name, sg->valstr)
-                                    == 0 && src->bl.x == (sg->val2 >> 16)
-                                    && src->bl.y == (sg->val2 & 0xffff)))
-                                skill_delunitgroup (sg);
-                        }
-                        else
-                            skill_delunitgroup (sg);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else if (bl->type == BL_MOB && battle_config.mob_warpportal)
-            {
-                int  m = map_mapname2mapid (sg->valstr);
-                struct mob_data *md;
-                md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-                mob_warp ((struct mob_data *) bl, m, sg->val2 >> 16,
-                          sg->val2 & 0xffff, 3);
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x8e:             /* クァグマイア */
-        {
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                && ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->
-                special_state.no_magic_damage)
-                break;
-            if (battle_get_sc_data (bl)[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv, (int) src,
-                                           0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                            sg->skill_lv), 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0x92:             /* ベノムダスト */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv, (int) src,
-                                           0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                            sg->skill_lv), 0);
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0x9a:             /* ボルケーノ */
-        case 0x9b:             /* デリュージ */
-        case 0x9c:             /* �イオレントゲイル */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit *unit2;
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv, (int) src,
-                                           0, 0,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                            sg->skill_lv), 0);
-            else if ((unit2 = (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val2)
-                     && unit2 != src)
-            {
-                if (DIFF_TICK (sg->tick, unit2->group->tick) > 0)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv,
-                                               (int) src, 0, 0,
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                                sg->skill_lv),
-                                               0);
-                ts->tick -= sg->interval;
-            }
-        } break;
-
-        case 0x9e:             /* �守唄 */
-        case 0x9f:             /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case 0xa0:             /* 永��混沌 */
-        case 0xa1:             /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case 0xa2:             /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case 0xa3:             /* ロキ��� */
-        case 0xa4:             /* 深淵�中� */
-        case 0xa5:             /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case 0xa6:             /* ��和音 */
-        case 0xa7:             /* �笛 */
-        case 0xa8:             /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-        case 0xa9:             /* ブラギ�詩 */
-        case 0xab:             /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-        case 0xac:             /* �ミング */
-        case 0xad:             /* �を忘れ���… */
-        case 0xae:             /* 幸��キス */
-        case 0xaf:             /* サービスフォーユー */
-        case 0xb4:
-        {
-            struct skill_unit *unit2;
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (sg->src_id == bl->id)
-                break;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv, sg->val1,
-                                           sg->val2, (int) src,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                            sg->skill_lv), 0);
-            else if ((unit2 = (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val4)
-                     && unit2 != src)
-            {
-                if (unit2->group
-                    && DIFF_TICK (sg->tick, unit2->group->tick) > 0)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv,
-                                               sg->val1, sg->val2, (int) src,
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                                sg->skill_lv),
-                                               0);
-                ts->tick -= sg->interval;
-            }
-        } break;
-
-        case 0xaa:             /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit *unit2;
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (sg->src_id == bl->id)
-                break;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer == -1)
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv,
-                                           (sg->val1) >> 16,
-                                           (sg->val1) & 0xffff, (int) src,
-                                           skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                            sg->skill_lv), 0);
-            else if ((unit2 = (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val4)
-                     && unit2 != src)
-            {
-                if (DIFF_TICK (sg->tick, unit2->group->tick) > 0)
-                    skill_status_change_start (bl, type, sg->skill_lv,
-                                               (sg->val1) >> 16,
-                                               (sg->val1) & 0xffff, (int) src,
-                                               skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                                sg->skill_lv),
-                                               0);
-                ts->tick -= sg->interval;
-            }
-        } break;
-
-        case 0xb1:             /* デモンストレーション */
-            skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, ss, &src->bl, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                          sg->skill_lv, tick, 0);
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC && MRAND (100) < sg->skill_lv
-                && battle_config.equipment_breaking)
-                pc_breakweapon ((struct map_session_data *) bl);
-            break;
-        case 0x99:             /* トーキーボックス */
-            if (sg->src_id == bl->id)   //自分��ん�も発動���
-                break;
-            if (sg->val2 == 0)
-            {
-                clif_talkiebox (&src->bl, sg->valstr);
-                sg->unit_id = 0x8c;
-                clif_changelook (&src->bl, LOOK_BASE, sg->unit_id);
-                sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 5000;
-                sg->val2 = -1;  //�ん�
-            }
-            break;
-        case 0xb2:             /* ���を_会����� */
-        case 0xb3:             /* ゴスペル */
-        case 0xb6:             /* フォグウォール */
-            //�り���何も���
-            break;
-
-        case 0xb7:             /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-            if (sg->val2 == 0)
-            {
-                int  moveblock = (bl->x / BLOCK_SIZE != src->bl.x / BLOCK_SIZE
-                                  || bl->y / BLOCK_SIZE !=
-                                  src->bl.y / BLOCK_SIZE);
-                skill_additional_effect (ss, bl, sg->skill_id, sg->skill_lv,
-                                         BF_MISC, tick);
-                if (moveblock)
-                    map_delblock (bl);
-                bl->x = (&src->bl)->x;
-                bl->y = (&src->bl)->y;
-                if (moveblock)
-                    map_addblock (bl);
-                if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                    clif_fixmobpos ((struct mob_data *) bl);
-                else
-                    clif_fixpos (bl);
-                clif_01ac (&src->bl);
-                sg->limit =
-                    DIFF_TICK (tick,
-                               sg->tick) + skill_get_time2 (sg->skill_id,
-                                                            sg->skill_lv);
-                sg->val2 = bl->id;
-            }
-            break;
-
-/*	default:
-		if(battle_config.error_log)
-			printf("skill_unit_onplace: Unknown skill unit id=%d block=%d\n",sg->unit_id,bl->id);
-		break;*/
-    }
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && ss != bl) /* スキル使用�件�MOBスキル */
-    {
-        if (battle_config.mob_changetarget_byskill == 1)
-        {
-            int  target = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->target_id;
-            if (ss->type == BL_PC)
-                ((struct mob_data *) bl)->target_id = ss->id;
-            mobskill_use ((struct mob_data *) bl, tick,
-                          MSC_SKILLUSED | (sg->skill_id << 16));
-            ((struct mob_data *) bl)->target_id = target;
-        }
-        else
-            mobskill_use ((struct mob_data *) bl, tick,
-                          MSC_SKILLUSED | (sg->skill_id << 16));
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット�ら離脱�る(も������る)場�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_onout (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                      unsigned int tick)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = src->group);
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL || !src->alive)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
-        return 0;
-
-    switch (sg->unit_id)
-    {
-        case 0x7e:             /* セイフティウォール */
-        case 0x85:             /* ニューマ */
-        case 0x8e:             /* クァグマイア */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            int  type =
-                (sg->unit_id == 0x85) ? SC_PNEUMA :
-                ((sg->unit_id == 0x7e) ? SC_SAFETYWALL : SC_QUAGMIRE);
-            if ((type != SC_QUAGMIRE || bl->type != BL_MOB) &&
-                sc_data && sc_data[type].timer != -1
-                && ((struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val2) == src)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, type, -1);
-            }
-        } break;
-
-        case 0x91:             /* アンクルス�ア */
-        {
-            struct block_list *target = map_id2bl (sg->val2);
-            if (target && target == bl)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ANKLE, -1);
-                sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1000;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0xb5:
-        case 0xb8:
-        {
-            struct block_list *target = map_id2bl (sg->val2);
-            if (target == bl)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SPIDERWEB, -1);
-            sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1000;
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0xb6:
-        {
-            struct block_list *target = map_id2bl (sg->val2);
-            if (target == bl)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_FOGWALL, -1);
-            sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1000;
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0x9a:             /* ボルケーノ */
-        case 0x9b:             /* デリュージ */
-        case 0x9c:             /* �イオレントゲイル */
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            struct skill_unit *su;
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer != -1
-                && (su = ((struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val2))
-                && su == src)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, type, -1);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x9e:             /* �守唄 */
-        case 0x9f:             /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case 0xa0:             /* 永��混沌 */
-        case 0xa1:             /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case 0xa2:             /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case 0xa3:             /* ロキ��� */
-        case 0xa4:             /* 深淵�中� */
-        case 0xa5:             /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case 0xa6:             /* ��和音 */
-        case 0xa7:             /* �笛 */
-        case 0xa8:             /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-        case 0xa9:             /* ブラギ�詩 */
-        case 0xaa:             /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-        case 0xab:             /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-        case 0xac:             /* �ミング */
-        case 0xad:             /* �を忘れ���… */
-        case 0xae:             /* 幸��キス */
-        case 0xaf:             /* サービスフォーユー */
-        case 0xb4:
-        {
-            struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            struct skill_unit *su;
-            int  type = SkillStatusChangeTable[sg->skill_id];
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[type].timer != -1
-                && (su = ((struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val4))
-                && su == src)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, type, -1);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case 0xb7:             /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-        {
-            struct block_list *target = map_id2bl (sg->val2);
-            if (target && target == bl)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SPIDERWEB, -1);
-            sg->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick, sg->tick) + 1000;
-        }
-            break;
-
-/*	default:
-		if(battle_config.error_log)
-			printf("skill_unit_onout: Unknown skill unit id=%d block=%d\n",sg->unit_id,bl->id);
-		break;*/
-    }
-    skill_unitgrouptickset_delete (bl, sg->group_id);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット�削除イベント
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_ondelete (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                         unsigned int tick)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = src->group);
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL || !src->alive)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
-        return 0;
-
-    switch (sg->unit_id)
-    {
-        case 0x85:             /* ニューマ */
-        case 0x7e:             /* セイフティウォール */
-        case 0x8e:             /* クァグマイヤ */
-        case 0x9a:             /* ボルケーノ */
-        case 0x9b:             /* デリュージ */
-        case 0x9c:             /* �イオレントゲイル */
-        case 0x9e:             /* �守唄 */
-        case 0x9f:             /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case 0xa0:             /* 永��混沌 */
-        case 0xa1:             /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case 0xa2:             /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case 0xa3:             /* ロキ��� */
-        case 0xa4:             /* 深淵�中� */
-        case 0xa5:             /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case 0xa6:             /* ��和音 */
-        case 0xa7:             /* �笛 */
-        case 0xa8:             /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-        case 0xa9:             /* ブラギ�詩 */
-        case 0xaa:             /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-        case 0xab:             /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-        case 0xac:             /* �ミング */
-        case 0xad:             /* �を忘れ���… */
-        case 0xae:             /* 幸��キス */
-        case 0xaf:             /* サービスフォーユー */
-        case 0xb4:
-            return skill_unit_onout (src, bl, tick);
-
-/*	default:
-		if(battle_config.error_log)
-			printf("skill_unit_ondelete: Unknown skill unit id=%d block=%d\n",sg->unit_id,bl->id);
-		break;*/
-    }
-    skill_unitgrouptickset_delete (bl, sg->group_id);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット��界イベント
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_onlimit (struct skill_unit *src, unsigned int tick)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = src->group);
-
-    switch (sg->unit_id)
-    {
-        case 0x81:             /* ワープ�ータル(発動�) */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit_group *group =
-                skill_unitsetting (map_id2bl (sg->src_id), sg->skill_id,
-                                   sg->skill_lv,
-                                   src->bl.x, src->bl.y, 1);
-            if (group == NULL)
-                return 0;
-            CREATE (group->valstr, char, 24);
-            memcpy (group->valstr, sg->valstr, 24);
-            group->val2 = sg->val2;
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case 0x8d:             /* アイスウォール */
-            map_setcell (src->bl.m, src->bl.x, src->bl.y, src->val2);
-            clif_changemapcell (src->bl.m, src->bl.x, src->bl.y, src->val2,
-                                1);
-            break;
-        case 0xb2:             /* ����会��� */
-        {
-            struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-            struct map_session_data *p_sd = NULL;
-            if ((sd =
-                 (struct map_session_data *) (map_id2bl (sg->src_id))) ==
-                NULL)
-                return 0;
-            if ((p_sd = pc_get_partner (sd)) == NULL)
-                return 0;
-
-            pc_setpos (p_sd, map[src->bl.m].name, src->bl.x, src->bl.y, 3);
-        }
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット�ダメージイベント
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_unit_ondamaged (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                          int damage, unsigned int tick)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = src->group);
-
-    switch (sg->unit_id)
-    {
-        case 0x8d:             /* アイスウォール */
-            src->val1 -= damage;
-            break;
-        case 0x8f:             /* ブラストマイン */
-        case 0x98:             /* クレイモアートラップ */
-            skill_blown (bl, &src->bl, 2);  //��飛����る
-            break;
-        default:
-            damage = 0;
-            break;
-    }
-    return damage;
-}
-
-/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（詠唱完了�場所指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void skill_castend_pos (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (id) /*,*target_sd=NULL */ ;
-    int  range, maxcount;
-
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
-
-    if (sd->bl.prev == NULL)
-        return;
-    if (sd->skilltimer != tid)  /* タイマID�確� */
-        return;
-    if (sd->skilltimer != -1 && pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) > 0)
-    {
-        sd->speed = sd->prev_speed;
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-    }
-    sd->skilltimer = -1;
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
-    {
-        sd->canact_tick = tick;
-        sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_reiteration == 0)
-    {
-        range = -1;
-        switch (sd->skillid)
-        {
-            case MG_SAFETYWALL:
-            case WZ_FIREPILLAR:
-            case HT_SKIDTRAP:
-            case HT_LANDMINE:
-            case HT_ANKLESNARE:
-            case HT_SHOCKWAVE:
-            case HT_SANDMAN:
-            case HT_FLASHER:
-            case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:
-            case HT_BLASTMINE:
-            case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:
-            case HT_TALKIEBOX:
-            case AL_WARP:
-            case PF_SPIDERWEB: /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-            case RG_GRAFFITI:  /* グラフィティ */
-                range = 0;
-                break;
-            case AL_PNEUMA:
-                range = 1;
-                break;
-        }
-        if (range >= 0)
-        {
-            if (skill_check_unit_range
-                (sd->bl.m, sd->skillx, sd->skilly, range, sd->skillid) > 0)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-                sd->canact_tick = tick;
-                sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-                sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_nofootset)
-    {
-        range = -1;
-        switch (sd->skillid)
-        {
-            case WZ_FIREPILLAR:
-            case HT_SKIDTRAP:
-            case HT_LANDMINE:
-            case HT_ANKLESNARE:
-            case HT_SHOCKWAVE:
-            case HT_SANDMAN:
-            case HT_FLASHER:
-            case HT_FREEZINGTRAP:
-            case HT_BLASTMINE:
-            case HT_CLAYMORETRAP:
-            case HT_TALKIEBOX:
-            case PF_SPIDERWEB: /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-            case WZ_ICEWALL:
-                range = 1;
-                break;
-            case AL_WARP:
-                range = 0;
-                break;
-        }
-        if (range >= 0)
-        {
-            if (skill_check_unit_range2
-                (sd->bl.m, sd->skillx, sd->skilly, range) > 0)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-                sd->canact_tick = tick;
-                sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-                sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_land_skill_limit)
-    {
-        maxcount = skill_get_maxcount (sd->skillid);
-        if (maxcount > 0)
-        {
-            int  i, c;
-            for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP; i++)
-            {
-                if (sd->skillunit[i].alive_count > 0
-                    && sd->skillunit[i].skill_id == sd->skillid)
-                    c++;
-            }
-            if (c >= maxcount)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-                sd->canact_tick = tick;
-                sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-                sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    range = skill_get_range (sd->skillid, sd->skilllv);
-    if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-    range += battle_config.pc_skill_add_range;
-    if (battle_config.skill_out_range_consume)
-    {                           // changed to allow casting when target walks out of range [Valaris]
-        if (range < distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->skillx, sd->skilly))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    if (!skill_check_condition (sd, 1))
-    {                           /* 使用�件�ェック */
-        sd->canact_tick = tick;
-        sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-    sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-    if (battle_config.skill_out_range_consume)
-    {
-        if (range < distance (sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->skillx, sd->skilly))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            sd->canact_tick = tick;
-            sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_log)
-        printf ("PC %d skill castend skill=%d\n", sd->bl.id, sd->skillid);
-    pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-
-    skill_castend_pos2 (&sd->bl, sd->skillx, sd->skilly, sd->skillid,
-                        sd->skilllv, tick, 0);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 範囲内キャラ存在確�判定処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-static int skill_check_condition_char_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int *c;
-    struct block_list *src;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct map_session_data *ssd;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-    struct pc_base_job ss_class;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, ssd = (struct map_session_data *) src);
-
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-    //�ェック���設定�らc��り���大��数字を返��終了
-    if (!battle_config.player_skill_partner_check)
-    {                           //本当�foreach���やり����設定�用箇所を���る������
-        (*c) = 99;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    ;
-    ss_class = pc_calc_base_job (ssd->status.pc_class);
-
-    switch (ssd->skillid)
-    {
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体�� */
-            if (sd != ssd
-                && (sd->status.pc_class == 4 || sd->status.pc_class == 8
-                    || sd->status.pc_class == 15 || sd->status.pc_class == 4005
-                    || sd->status.pc_class == 4009 || sd->status.pc_class == 4016)
-                && (sd->bl.x == ssd->bl.x - 1 || sd->bl.x == ssd->bl.x + 1)
-                && sd->status.sp >= 10)
-                (*c)++;
-            break;
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守歌 */
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case BD_RAGNAROK:      /* 神々�黄� */
-        case CG_MOONLIT:       /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら */
-            if (sd != ssd &&
-                ((ssd->status.pc_class == 19 && sd->status.pc_class == 20) ||
-                 (ssd->status.pc_class == 20 && sd->status.pc_class == 19) ||
-                 (ssd->status.pc_class == 4020 && sd->status.pc_class == 4021) ||
-                 (ssd->status.pc_class == 4021 && sd->status.pc_class == 4020) ||
-                 (ssd->status.pc_class == 20 && sd->status.pc_class == 4020) ||
-                 (ssd->status.pc_class == 19 && sd->status.pc_class == 4021)) &&
-                pc_checkskill (sd, ssd->skillid) > 0 &&
-                (*c) == 0 &&
-                sd->status.party_id == ssd->status.party_id &&
-                !pc_issit (sd) && sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer == -1)
-                (*c) = pc_checkskill (sd, ssd->skillid);
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 範囲内キャラ存在確�判定後スキル使用処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-static int skill_check_condition_use_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int *c;
-    struct block_list *src;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-    struct map_session_data *ssd;
-    struct pc_base_job s_class;
-    struct pc_base_job ss_class;
-    int  skillid, skilllv;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, ssd = (struct map_session_data *) src);
-
-    s_class = pc_calc_base_job (sd->status.pc_class);
-
-    //�ェック���設定�らc��り���大��数字を返��終了
-    if (!battle_config.player_skill_partner_check)
-    {                           //本当�foreach���やり����設定�用箇所を���る������
-        (*c) = 99;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    ss_class = pc_calc_base_job (ssd->status.pc_class);
-    skillid = ssd->skillid;
-    skilllv = ssd->skilllv;
-    switch (skillid)
-    {
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体�� */
-            if (sd != ssd
-                && (sd->status.pc_class == 4 || sd->status.pc_class == 8
-                    || sd->status.pc_class == 15 || sd->status.pc_class == 4005
-                    || sd->status.pc_class == 4009 || sd->status.pc_class == 4016)
-                && (sd->bl.x == ssd->bl.x - 1 || sd->bl.x == ssd->bl.x + 1)
-                && sd->status.sp >= 10)
-            {
-                sd->status.sp -= 10;
-                pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);
-                (*c)++;
-            }
-            break;
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守歌 */
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case BD_RAGNAROK:      /* 神々�黄� */
-        case CG_MOONLIT:       /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら */
-            if (sd != ssd &&    //本人以外�
-                ((ssd->status.pc_class == 19 && sd->status.pc_class == 20) ||
-                (ssd->status.pc_class == 20 && sd->status.pc_class == 19) ||
-                (ssd->status.pc_class == 4020 && sd->status.pc_class == 4021) ||
-                (ssd->status.pc_class == 4021 && sd->status.pc_class == 4020) ||
-                (ssd->status.pc_class == 20 && sd->status.pc_class == 4020) ||
-                (ssd->status.pc_class == 19 && sd->status.pc_class == 4021)) && //自分�ダンサー�ら�ード�
-                pc_checkskill (sd, skillid) > 0 &&  //スキルを�����
-                (*c) == 0 &&    //最��一人�
-                sd->status.party_id == ssd->status.party_id &&  //パーティー����
-                !pc_issit (sd) &&   //座����
-                sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer == -1 //ダンス中�ゃ��
-                )
-            {
-                ssd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4 = bl->id;
-                clif_skill_nodamage (bl, src, skillid, skilllv, 1);
-                skill_status_change_start (bl, SC_DANCING, skillid,
-                                           ssd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val2, 0,
-                                           src->id, skill_get_time (skillid,
-                                                                    skilllv) +
-                                           1000, 0);
-                sd->skillid_dance = sd->skillid = skillid;
-                sd->skilllv_dance = sd->skilllv = skilllv;
-                (*c)++;
-            }
-            break;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 範囲内�イオプラント�スフィアマイン用Mob存在確�判定処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-
-static int skill_check_condition_mob_master_sub (struct block_list *bl,
-                                                 va_list ap)
-{
-    int *c, src_id = 0, mob_class = 0;
-    struct mob_data *md;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, md = (struct mob_data *) bl);
-
-    if (!(src_id = va_arg (ap, int)))
-        return 0;
-    if (!(mob_class = va_arg (ap, int)))
-        return 0;
-    nullpo_retr (0, c = va_arg (ap, int *));
-
-    if (md->mob_class == mob_class && md->master_id == src_id)
-        (*c)++;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用�件（��使用失敗）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_check_condition (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
-{
-    int hp, sp, hp_rate, sp_rate, zeny, weapon, state, spiritball, skill,
-        lv, mhp;
-    int  index[10], itemid[10], amount[10];
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (battle_config.gm_skilluncond > 0
-        && pc_isGM (sd) >= battle_config.gm_skilluncond)
-    {
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->opt1 > 0)
-    {
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (pc_is90overweight (sd))
-    {
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 9, 0);
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (sd->skillid == AC_MAKINGARROW && sd->state.make_arrow_flag == 1)
-    {
-        sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    /*if(sd->skillid == AM_PHARMACY &&  sd->state.produce_flag == 1) {
-     * sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-     * return 0;
-     * } */
-
-    if (sd->skillitem == sd->skillid)
-    {                           /* アイテム�場�無�件�功 */
-        if (type & 1)
-            sd->skillitem = sd->skillitemlv = -1;
-        return 1;
-    }
-    if (sd->opt1 > 0)
-    {
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (sd->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1 ||
-            (sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1
-             && sd->skillid != KN_AUTOCOUNTER)
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-            return 0;           /* 状態異常や沈黙�� */
-        }
-    }
-    skill = sd->skillid;
-    lv = sd->skilllv;
-    hp = skill_get_hp (skill, lv);  /* 消費HP */
-    sp = skill_get_sp (skill, lv);  /* 消費SP */
-    if ((sd->skillid_old == BD_ENCORE) && skill == sd->skillid_dance)
-        sp = sp / 2;            //アンコール時�SP消費��分
-    hp_rate = (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[skill].hp_rate[lv - 1];
-    sp_rate = (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[skill].sp_rate[lv - 1];
-    zeny = skill_get_zeny (skill, lv);
-    weapon = skill_db[skill].weapon;
-    state = skill_db[skill].state;
-    spiritball = (lv <= 0) ? 0 : skill_db[skill].spiritball[lv - 1];
-    mhp = skill_get_mhp (skill, lv);    /* 消費HP */
-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    {
-        itemid[i] = skill_db[skill].itemid[i];
-        amount[i] = skill_db[skill].amount[i];
-    }
-    if (mhp > 0)
-        hp += (sd->status.max_hp * mhp) / 100;
-    if (hp_rate > 0)
-        hp += (sd->status.hp * hp_rate) / 100;
-    else
-        hp += (sd->status.max_hp * abs (hp_rate)) / 100;
-    if (sp_rate > 0)
-        sp += (sd->status.sp * sp_rate) / 100;
-    else
-        sp += (sd->status.max_sp * abs (sp_rate)) / 100;
-    if (sd->dsprate != 100)
-        sp = sp * sd->dsprate / 100;    /* 消費SP修正 */
-
-    switch (skill)
-    {
-        case SA_CASTCANCEL:
-            if (sd->skilltimer == -1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case BS_MAXIMIZE:      /* マキシマイズパワー */
-        case NV_TRICKDEAD:     /* 死ん��り */
-        case TF_HIDING:        /* �イディング */
-        case AS_CLOAKING:      /* クローキング */
-        case CR_AUTOGUARD:     /* オートガード */
-        case CR_DEFENDER:      /* ディフェンダー */
-        case ST_CHASEWALK:
-            if (sd->sc_data[SkillStatusChangeTable[skill]].timer != -1)
-                return 1;       /* 解除�る場��SP消費��� */
-            break;
-        case AL_TELEPORT:
-        case AL_WARP:
-            if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.noteleport)
-            {
-                clif_skill_teleportmessage (sd, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_CALLSPIRITS:   /* 気功 */
-            if (sd->spiritball >= lv)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case CH_SOULCOLLECT:   /* 狂気功 */
-            if (sd->spiritball >= 5)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE:   //指弾
-            if (sd->spiritball > 0 && sd->spiritball < spiritball)
-            {
-                spiritball = sd->spiritball;
-                sd->spiritball_old = sd->spiritball;
-            }
-            else
-                sd->spiritball_old = lv;
-            break;
-        case MO_CHAINCOMBO:    //連打掌
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer == -1)
-            {
-                if (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer == -1
-                    || sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != MO_TRIPLEATTACK)
-                    return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_COMBOFINISH:   //猛�拳
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer == -1
-                || sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != MO_CHAINCOMBO)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case CH_TIGERFIST:     //�虎拳
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer == -1
-                || sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != MO_COMBOFINISH)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case CH_CHAINCRUSH:    //連柱崩撃
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer == -1)
-                return 0;
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != MO_COMBOFINISH
-                && sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 != CH_TIGERFIST)
-                return 0;
-            break;
-        case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: // 阿修羅覇鳳拳
-            if ((sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer != -1
-                 && (sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == MO_COMBOFINISH
-                     || sd->sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == CH_CHAINCRUSH))
-                || sd->sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-                spiritball--;
-            break;
-        case BD_ADAPTATION:    /* アドリブ */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit_group *group = NULL;
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer == -1
-                ||
-                ((group =
-                  (struct skill_unit_group *) sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val2)
-                 &&
-                 (skill_get_time
-                  (sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val1,
-                   group->skill_lv) - sd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val3 * 1000) <=
-                 skill_get_time2 (skill, lv)))
-            {                   //ダンス中�使用後5秒以上��？
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case PR_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体�� */
-        {
-            int  range = 1;
-            int  c = 0;
-            if (!(type & 1))
-            {
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_check_condition_char_sub, sd->bl.m,
-                                   sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                                   sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC,
-                                   &sd->bl, &c);
-                if (c < 2)
-                {
-                    clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                    return 0;
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                map_foreachinarea (skill_check_condition_use_sub, sd->bl.m,
-                                   sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                                   sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC,
-                                   &sd->bl, &c);
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case WE_CALLPARTNER:   /* ����逢��� */
-            if (!sd->status.partner_id)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case AM_CANNIBALIZE:   /* �イオプラント */
-        case AM_SPHEREMINE:    /* スフィアーマイン */
-            if (type & 1)
-            {
-                int  c = 0;
-                int  maxcount = skill_get_maxcount (skill);
-                int  mob_class = (skill == AM_CANNIBALIZE) ? 1118 : 1142;
-                if (battle_config.pc_land_skill_limit && maxcount > 0)
-                {
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_check_condition_mob_master_sub,
-                                       sd->bl.m, 0, 0, map[sd->bl.m].xs,
-                                       map[sd->bl.m].ys, BL_MOB, sd->bl.id,
-                                       mob_class, &c);
-                    if (c >= maxcount)
-                    {
-                        clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                        return 0;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case MG_FIREWALL:      /* ファイアーウォール */
-            /* 数制� */
-            if (battle_config.pc_land_skill_limit)
-            {
-                int  maxcount = skill_get_maxcount (skill);
-                if (maxcount > 0)
-                {
-                    int  i, c;
-                    for (i = c = 0; i < MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP; i++)
-                    {
-                        if (sd->skillunit[i].alive_count > 0
-                            && sd->skillunit[i].skill_id == skill)
-                            c++;
-                    }
-                    if (c >= maxcount)
-                    {
-                        clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                        return 0;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-    }
-
-    if (!(type & 2))
-    {
-        if (hp > 0 && sd->status.hp < hp)
-        {                       /* HP�ェック */
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 2, 0);  /* HP�足：失敗通知 */
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (sp > 0 && sd->status.sp < sp)
-        {                       /* SP�ェック */
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 1, 0);  /* SP�足：失敗通知 */
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (zeny > 0 && sd->status.zeny < zeny)
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 5, 0);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (!(weapon & (1 << sd->status.weapon)))
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 6, 0);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        if (spiritball > 0 && sd->spiritball < spiritball)
-        {
-            clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);  // 氣��足
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    switch (state)
-    {
-        case ST_HIDING:
-            if (!(sd->status.option & 2))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_CLOAKING:
-            if (!(sd->status.option & 4))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_HIDDEN:
-            if (!pc_ishiding (sd))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_RIDING:
-            if (!pc_isriding (sd))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_FALCON:
-            if (!pc_isfalcon (sd))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_CART:
-            if (!pc_iscarton (sd))
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_SHIELD:
-            if (sd->status.shield <= 0)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_SIGHT:
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_SIGHT].timer == -1 && type & 1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS:
-            if (sd->sc_data[SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS].timer == -1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_RECOV_WEIGHT_RATE:
-            if (battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate <= 100
-                && sd->weight * 100 / sd->max_weight >=
-                battle_config.natural_heal_weight_rate)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-        case ST_MOVE_ENABLE:
-        {
-            struct walkpath_data wpd;
-            if (path_search
-                (&wpd, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, sd->skillx, sd->skilly,
-                 1) == -1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case ST_WATER:
-            if (map_getcell (sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y) != 3
-                && (sd->sc_data[SC_DELUGE].timer == -1))
-            {                   //水場判定
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            break;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-    {
-        int  x = lv % 11 - 1;
-        index[i] = -1;
-        if (itemid[i] <= 0)
-            continue;
-        if (itemid[i] >= 715 && itemid[i] <= 717
-            && sd->special_state.no_gemstone)
-            continue;
-        if (((itemid[i] >= 715 && itemid[i] <= 717) || itemid[i] == 1065)
-            && sd->sc_data[SC_INTOABYSS].timer != -1)
-            continue;
-        if (skill == AM_POTIONPITCHER && i != x)
-            continue;
-
-        index[i] = pc_search_inventory (sd, itemid[i]);
-        if (index[i] < 0 || sd->status.inventory[index[i]].amount < amount[i])
-        {
-            if (itemid[i] == 716 || itemid[i] == 717)
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, (7 + (itemid[i] - 716)), 0);
-            else
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill, 0, 0);
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!(type & 1))
-        return 1;
-
-    if (skill != AM_POTIONPITCHER)
-    {
-        if (skill == AL_WARP && !(type & 2))
-            return 1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-        {
-            if (index[i] >= 0)
-                pc_delitem (sd, index[i], amount[i], 0);    // アイテム消費
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (type & 2)
-        return 1;
-
-    pc_heal (sd, -sp, -hp);     // [Fate] This might suppress some dupe messages
-
-/* 	if(sp > 0) {					// SP消費 */
-/* 		sd->status.sp-=sp; */
-/* 		clif_updatestatus(sd,SP_SP); */
-/* 	} */
-/* 	if(hp > 0) {					// HP消費 */
-/* 		sd->status.hp-=hp; */
-/* 		clif_updatestatus(sd,SP_HP); */
-/* 	} */
-    if (zeny > 0)               // Zeny消費
-        pc_payzeny (sd, zeny);
-    if (spiritball > 0)         // 氣�消費
-        pc_delspiritball (sd, spiritball, 0);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * 詠唱時間計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_castfix (struct block_list *bl, int time)
+interval_t skill_castfix(struct block_list *bl, interval_t interval)
 {
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
     struct mob_data *md;        // [Valaris]
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  dex;
-    int  castrate = 100;
-    int  skill, lv, castnodex;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int dex;
+    int castrate = 100;
+    SkillID skill;
+    int lv, castnodex;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), bl);
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {                           // Crash fix [Valaris]
         md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
         skill = md->skillid;
         lv = md->skilllv;
     }
-
     else
     {
-        sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        skill = sd->skillid;
-        lv = sd->skilllv;
+        skill = SkillID::ZERO;
+        lv = 0;
     }
 
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    dex = battle_get_dex (bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    dex = battle_get_dex(bl);
 
-    if (skill > MAX_SKILL_DB || skill < 0)
-        return 0;
+    if (skill > SkillID::MAX_SKILL_DB /*|| skill < SkillID()*/)
+        return interval_t::zero();
 
-    castnodex = skill_get_castnodex (skill, lv);
+    castnodex = skill_get_castnodex(skill, lv);
 
-    if (time == 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (castnodex > 0 && bl->type == BL_PC)
-        castrate = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->castrate;
-    else if (castnodex <= 0 && bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (interval == interval_t::zero())
+        return interval_t::zero();
+    if (castnodex > 0 && bl->type == BL::PC)
+        castrate = 100;
+    else if (castnodex <= 0 && bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
-        castrate = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->castrate;
-        time =
-            time * castrate * (battle_config.castrate_dex_scale -
+        castrate = 100;
+        interval =
+            interval * castrate * (battle_config.castrate_dex_scale -
                                dex) / (battle_config.castrate_dex_scale *
                                        100);
-        time = time * battle_config.cast_rate / 100;
+        interval = interval * battle_config.cast_rate / 100;
     }
 
-    /* サフラギウム */
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_SUFFRAGIUM].timer != -1)
-    {
-        time = time * (100 - sc_data[SC_SUFFRAGIUM].val1 * 15) / 100;
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SUFFRAGIUM, -1);
-    }
-    /* ブラギ�詩 */
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].timer != -1)
-        time =
-            time * (100 -
-                    (sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].val1 * 3 +
-                     sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].val2 +
-                     (sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].val3 >> 16))) / 100;
-
-    return (time > 0) ? time : 0;
+    return std::max(interval, interval_t::zero());
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ディレイ計算
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_delayfix (struct block_list *bl, int time)
+interval_t skill_delayfix(struct block_list *bl, interval_t interval)
 {
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
+    nullpo_retr(interval_t::zero(), bl);
 
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-    if (time <= 0)
-        return 0;
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (interval <= interval_t::zero())
+        return interval_t::zero();
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         if (battle_config.delay_dependon_dex)   /* dex�影響を計算�る */
-            time =
-                time * (battle_config.castrate_dex_scale -
-                        battle_get_dex (bl)) /
+            interval =
+                interval * (battle_config.castrate_dex_scale -
+                        battle_get_dex(bl)) /
                 battle_config.castrate_dex_scale;
-        time = time * battle_config.delay_rate / 100;
-    }
-
-    /* ブラギ�詩 */
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].timer != -1)
-        time =
-            time * (100 -
-                    (sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].val1 * 3 +
-                     sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].val2 +
-                     (sc_data[SC_POEMBRAGI].val3 & 0xffff))) / 100;
-
-    return (time > 0) ? time : 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（ID指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_use_id (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id,
-                  int skill_num, int skill_lv)
-{
-    unsigned int tick;
-    int  casttime = 0, delay = 0, skill, range_;
-    struct map_session_data *target_sd = NULL;
-    int  forcecast = 0;
-    struct block_list *bl;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    tick = gettick ();
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (target_id)) == NULL)
-    {
-/*		if(battle_config.error_log)
-			printf("skill target not found %d\n",target_id); */
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (sd->bl.m != bl->m || pc_isdead (sd))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (skillnotok (skill_num, sd)) // [MouseJstr]
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->skillid == WZ_ICEWALL && map[sd->bl.m].flag.noicewall
-        && !map[sd->bl.m].flag.pvp)
-    {                           // noicewall flag [Valaris]
-        clif_skill_fail (sd, sd->skillid, 0, 0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    sc_data = sd->sc_data;
-
-    /* 沈黙や異常（����グリム���判定を�る） */
-    if (sd->opt1 > 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (sd->sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_CHASEWALK].timer != -1)
-            return 0;
-        if (sc_data[SC_VOLCANO].timer != -1)
-        {
-            if (skill_num == WZ_ICEWALL)
-                return 0;
-        }
-        if (sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1)
-        {
-            if (skill_num == BD_ADAPTATION)
-                return 0;
-        }
-        if (sd->sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1 ||
-            sd->sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1 ||
-            (sd->sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1
-             && sd->skillid != KN_AUTOCOUNTER)
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1
-            || sd->sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-        {
-            return 0;           /* 状態異常や沈黙�� */
-        }
-
-        if (sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-        {
-            int  lv = sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].val1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].val2 == 1)
-                return 0;       //白羽�れ�����ダメ
-            if (lv == 1)
-                return 0;
-            if (lv == 2 && skill_num != MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE)
-                return 0;
-            if (lv == 3 && skill_num != MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE
-                && skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE)
-                return 0;
-            if (lv == 4 && skill_num != MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE
-                && skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && skill_num != MO_CHAINCOMBO)
-                return 0;
-            if (lv == 5 && skill_num != MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE
-                && skill_num != MO_INVESTIGATE && skill_num != MO_CHAINCOMBO
-                && skill_num != MO_EXTREMITYFIST)
-                return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (sd->status.option & 4 && skill_num == TF_HIDING)
-        return 0;
-    if (sd->status.option & 2 && skill_num != TF_HIDING
-        && skill_num != AS_GRIMTOOTH && skill_num != RG_BACKSTAP
-        && skill_num != RG_RAID)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg)
-    {                           //GvG�使用����スキル
-        switch (skill_num)
-        {
-            case SM_ENDURE:
-            case AL_TELEPORT:
-            case AL_WARP:
-            case WZ_ICEWALL:
-            case TF_BACKSLIDING:
-            case LK_BERSERK:
-            case HP_BASILICA:
-            case ST_CHASEWALK:
-                return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /* 演�/ダンス中 */
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1)
-    {
-//      if(battle_config.pc_skill_log)
-//          printf("dancing! %d\n",skill_num);
-        if (sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4 && skill_num != BD_ADAPTATION) //��中�アドリブ以外��
-            return 0;
-        if (skill_num != BD_ADAPTATION && skill_num != BA_MUSICALSTRIKE
-            && skill_num != DC_THROWARROW)
-        {
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (skill_get_inf2 (skill_num) & 0x200 && sd->bl.id == target_id)
-        return 0;
-    //直��スキル�何�覚�る必���るスキル
-    switch (skill_num)
-    {
-        case SA_CASTCANCEL:
-            if (sd->skillid != skill_num)
-            {                   //キャストキャンセル自体�覚���
-                sd->skillid_old = sd->skillid;
-                sd->skilllv_old = sd->skilllv;
-                break;
-            }
-        case BD_ENCORE:        /* アンコール */
-            if (!sd->skillid_dance)
-            {                   //�回使用��踊り������
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill_num, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                sd->skillid_old = skill_num;
-            }
-            break;
-    }
-
-    sd->skillid = skill_num;
-    sd->skilllv = skill_lv;
-
-    switch (skill_num)
-    {                           //事��レベル�変���り�るスキル
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守歌 */
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case BD_RAGNAROK:      /* 神々�黄� */
-        case CG_MOONLIT:       /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら */
-        {
-            int  range = 1;
-            int  c = 0;
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_check_condition_char_sub, sd->bl.m,
-                               sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                               sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC,
-                               &sd->bl, &c);
-            if (c < 1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill_num, 0, 0);
-                return 0;
-            }
-            else if (c == 99)
-            {                   //相方��設定���
-                ;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                sd->skilllv = (c + skill_lv) / 2;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-    }
-
-    if (!skill_check_condition (sd, 0))
-        return 0;
-
-    /* 射程�障害物�ェック */
-    range_ = skill_get_range (skill_num, skill_lv);
-    if (range_ < 0)
-        range_ = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range_ + 1);
-    if (!battle_check_range (&sd->bl, bl, range_))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        target_sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        if (target_sd && skill_num == ALL_RESURRECTION
-            && !pc_isdead (target_sd))
-            return 0;
-    }
-    if ((skill_num != MO_CHAINCOMBO &&
-         skill_num != MO_COMBOFINISH &&
-         skill_num != MO_EXTREMITYFIST &&
-         skill_num != CH_TIGERFIST &&
-         skill_num != CH_CHAINCRUSH) ||
-        (skill_num == MO_EXTREMITYFIST && sd->state.skill_flag))
-        pc_stopattack (sd);
-
-    casttime = skill_castfix (&sd->bl, skill_get_cast (skill_num, skill_lv));
-    if (skill_num != SA_MAGICROD)
-        delay =
-            skill_delayfix (&sd->bl, skill_get_delay (skill_num, skill_lv));
-    sd->state.skillcastcancel = skill_db[skill_num].castcancel;
-
-    switch (skill_num)
-    {                           /* 何�特殊�処��必� */
-//  case AL_HEAL:   /* ヒール */
-//      if(battle_check_undead(battle_get_race(bl),battle_get_elem_type(bl)))
-//          forcecast=1;    /* ヒールアタック�ら詠唱エフェクト有り */
-//      break;
-        case ALL_RESURRECTION: /* リザレクション */
-            if (bl->type != BL_PC
-                && battle_check_undead (battle_get_race (bl),
-                                        battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-            {                   /* 敵�アンデッド�ら */
-                forcecast = 1;  /* ターンアンデット���詠唱時間 */
-                casttime =
-                    skill_castfix (&sd->bl,
-                                   skill_get_cast (PR_TURNUNDEAD, skill_lv));
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE:   /* 指弾 */
-            casttime +=
-                casttime *
-                ((skill_lv > sd->spiritball) ? sd->spiritball : skill_lv);
-            break;
-        case MO_CHAINCOMBO:    /*連打掌 */
-            target_id = sd->attacktarget;
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-            {
-                struct block_list *tbl;
-                if ((tbl = (struct block_list *) sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].val4) == NULL)   //ターゲット����？
-                    return 0;
-                target_id = tbl->id;
-            }
-            break;
-        case MO_COMBOFINISH:   /*猛�拳 */
-        case CH_TIGERFIST:     /* �虎拳 */
-        case CH_CHAINCRUSH:    /* 連柱崩撃 */
-            target_id = sd->attacktarget;
-            break;
-
-// -- moonsoul  (altered to allow proper usage of extremity from new champion combos)
-//
-        case MO_EXTREMITYFIST: /*阿修羅覇鳳拳 */
-            if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_COMBO].timer != -1
-                && (sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == MO_COMBOFINISH
-                    || sc_data[SC_COMBO].val1 == CH_CHAINCRUSH))
-            {
-                casttime = 0;
-                target_id = sd->attacktarget;
-            }
-            forcecast = 1;
-            break;
-        case SA_MAGICROD:
-        case SA_SPELLBREAKER:
-            forcecast = 1;
-            break;
-        case WE_MALE:
-        case WE_FEMALE:
-        {
-            struct map_session_data *p_sd = NULL;
-            if ((p_sd = pc_get_partner (sd)) == NULL)
-                return 0;
-            target_id = p_sd->bl.id;
-            //rangeをも�1回検査
-            range_ = skill_get_range (skill_num, skill_lv);
-            if (range_ < 0)
-                range_ = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range_ + 1);
-            if (!battle_check_range (&sd->bl, &p_sd->bl, range_))
-            {
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case AS_SPLASHER:      /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-        {
-            struct status_change *t_sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-            if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_POISON].timer == -1)
-            {
-                clif_skill_fail (sd, skill_num, 0, 10);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case PF_MEMORIZE:      /* メモライズ */
-            casttime = 12000;
-            break;
-
-    }
-
-    //メモライズ状態�らキャストタイム�1/3
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_MEMORIZE].timer != -1 && casttime > 0)
-    {
-        casttime = casttime / 3;
-        if ((--sc_data[SC_MEMORIZE].val2) <= 0)
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_MEMORIZE, -1);
-    }
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_log)
-        printf ("PC %d skill use target_id=%d skill=%d lv=%d cast=%d\n",
-                sd->bl.id, target_id, skill_num, skill_lv, casttime);
-
-//  if(sd->skillitem == skill_num)
-//      casttime = delay = 0;
-
-    if (casttime > 0 || forcecast)
-    {                           /* 詠唱�必� */
-        struct mob_data *md;
-        clif_skillcasting (&sd->bl,
-                           sd->bl.id, target_id, 0, 0, skill_num, casttime);
-
-        /* 詠唱�応モンスター */
-        if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (md = (struct mob_data *) bl)
-            && mob_db[md->mob_class].mode & 0x10 && md->state.state != MS_ATTACK
-            && sd->invincible_timer == -1)
-        {
-            md->target_id = sd->bl.id;
-            md->state.targettype = ATTACKABLE;
-            md->min_chase = 13;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (casttime <= 0)          /* 詠唱�無�も��キャンセル�れ�� */
-        sd->state.skillcastcancel = 0;
-
-    sd->skilltarget = target_id;
-/*	sd->cast_target_bl	= bl; */
-    sd->skillx = 0;
-    sd->skilly = 0;
-    sd->canact_tick = tick + casttime + delay;
-    sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-    if (!(battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type & 2) && sc_data
-        && sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1 && sd->skillid != AS_CLOAKING)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-    if (casttime > 0)
-    {
-        sd->skilltimer =
-            add_timer (tick + casttime, skill_castend_id, sd->bl.id, 0);
-        if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST)) > 0)
-        {
-            sd->prev_speed = sd->speed;
-            sd->speed = sd->speed * (175 - skill * 5) / 100;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-        }
-        else
-            pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
+        interval = interval * battle_config.delay_rate / 100;
     }
-    else
-    {
-        if (skill_num != SA_CASTCANCEL)
-            sd->skilltimer = -1;
-        skill_castend_id (sd->skilltimer, tick, sd->bl.id, 0);
-    }
-
-    //マジックパワー�効果終了
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_MAGICPOWER].timer != -1
-        && skill_num != HW_MAGICPOWER)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_MAGICPOWER, -1);
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキル使用（場所指定）
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_use_pos (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                   int skill_x, int skill_y, int skill_num, int skill_lv)
-{
-    struct block_list bl;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    unsigned int tick;
-    int  casttime = 0, delay = 0, skill, range;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (pc_isdead (sd))
-        return 0;
-
-    if (skillnotok (skill_num, sd)) // [MoueJstr]
-        return 0;
-
-    sc_data = sd->sc_data;
-
-    if (sd->opt1 > 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (sc_data)
-    {
-        if (sc_data[SC_DIVINA].timer != -1 ||
-            sc_data[SC_ROKISWEIL].timer != -1 ||
-            sc_data[SC_AUTOCOUNTER].timer != -1 ||
-            sc_data[SC_STEELBODY].timer != -1 ||
-            sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer != -1 ||
-            sc_data[SC_BERSERK].timer != -1)
-            return 0;           /* 状態異常や沈黙�� */
-    }
-
-    if (sd->status.option & 2)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (map[sd->bl.m].flag.gvg
-        && (skill_num == SM_ENDURE || skill_num == AL_TELEPORT
-            || skill_num == AL_WARP || skill_num == WZ_ICEWALL
-            || skill_num == TF_BACKSLIDING))
-        return 0;
-
-    sd->skillid = skill_num;
-    sd->skilllv = skill_lv;
-    sd->skillx = skill_x;
-    sd->skilly = skill_y;
-    if (!skill_check_condition (sd, 0))
-        return 0;
-
-    /* 射程�障害物�ェック */
-    bl.type = BL_NUL;
-    bl.m = sd->bl.m;
-    bl.x = skill_x;
-    bl.y = skill_y;
-    range = skill_get_range (skill_num, skill_lv);
-    if (range < 0)
-        range = battle_get_range (&sd->bl) - (range + 1);
-    if (!battle_check_range (&sd->bl, &bl, range))
-        return 0;
-
-    pc_stopattack (sd);
-
-    casttime = skill_castfix (&sd->bl, skill_get_cast (skill_num, skill_lv));
-    delay = skill_delayfix (&sd->bl, skill_get_delay (skill_num, skill_lv));
-    sd->state.skillcastcancel = skill_db[skill_num].castcancel;
-
-    if (battle_config.pc_skill_log)
-        printf ("PC %d skill use target_pos=(%d,%d) skill=%d lv=%d cast=%d\n",
-                sd->bl.id, skill_x, skill_y, skill_num, skill_lv, casttime);
-
-//  if(sd->skillitem == skill_num)
-//      casttime = delay = 0;
-    //メモライズ状態�らキャストタイム�1/3
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_MEMORIZE].timer != -1 && casttime > 0)
-    {
-        casttime = casttime / 3;
-        if ((--sc_data[SC_MEMORIZE].val2) <= 0)
-            skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_MEMORIZE, -1);
-    }
-
-    if (casttime > 0)           /* 詠唱�必� */
-        clif_skillcasting (&sd->bl,
-                           sd->bl.id, 0, skill_x, skill_y, skill_num,
-                           casttime);
-
-    if (casttime <= 0)          /* 詠唱�無�も��キャンセル�れ�� */
-        sd->state.skillcastcancel = 0;
-
-    sd->skilltarget = 0;
-/*	sd->cast_target_bl	= NULL; */
-    tick = gettick ();
-    sd->canact_tick = tick + casttime + delay;
-    sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-    if (!(battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type & 2) && sc_data
-        && sc_data[SC_CLOAKING].timer != -1)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-    if (casttime > 0)
-    {
-        sd->skilltimer =
-            add_timer (tick + casttime, skill_castend_pos, sd->bl.id, 0);
-        if ((skill = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST)) > 0)
-        {
-            sd->prev_speed = sd->speed;
-            sd->speed = sd->speed * (175 - skill * 5) / 100;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-        }
-        else
-            pc_stop_walking (sd, 0);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        sd->skilltimer = -1;
-        skill_castend_pos (sd->skilltimer, tick, sd->bl.id, 0);
-    }
-    //マジックパワー�効果終了
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_MAGICPOWER].timer != -1
-        && skill_num != HW_MAGICPOWER)
-        skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_MAGICPOWER, -1);
-
-    return 0;
+    return std::max(interval, interval_t::zero());
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * スキル詠唱キャンセル
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_castcancel (struct block_list *bl, int type)
+int skill_castcancel(struct block_list *bl, int)
 {
-    int  inf;
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        unsigned long tick = gettick ();
-        nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+        tick_t tick = gettick();
         sd->canact_tick = tick;
         sd->canmove_tick = tick;
-        if (sd->skilltimer != -1)
-        {
-            if (pc_checkskill (sd, SA_FREECAST) > 0)
-            {
-                sd->speed = sd->prev_speed;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SPEED);
-            }
-            if (!type)
-            {
-                if ((inf = skill_get_inf (sd->skillid)) == 2 || inf == 32)
-                    delete_timer (sd->skilltimer, skill_castend_pos);
-                else
-                    delete_timer (sd->skilltimer, skill_castend_id);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if ((inf = skill_get_inf (sd->skillid_old)) == 2 || inf == 32)
-                    delete_timer (sd->skilltimer, skill_castend_pos);
-                else
-                    delete_timer (sd->skilltimer, skill_castend_id);
-            }
-            sd->skilltimer = -1;
-            clif_skillcastcancel (bl);
-        }
 
         return 0;
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
         struct mob_data *md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-        nullpo_retr (0, md);
-        if (md->skilltimer != -1)
+        if (md->skilltimer)
         {
-            if ((inf = skill_get_inf (md->skillid)) == 2 || inf == 32)
-                delete_timer (md->skilltimer, mobskill_castend_pos);
-            else
-                delete_timer (md->skilltimer, mobskill_castend_id);
-            md->skilltimer = -1;
-            clif_skillcastcancel (bl);
+            md->skilltimer.cancel();
+            clif_skillcastcancel(bl);
         }
         return 0;
     }
     return 1;
 }
 
-/*=========================================
- * ブランディッシュスピア �期範囲決定
- *----------------------------------------
- */
-void skill_brandishspear_first (struct square *tc, int dir, int x, int y)
-{
-
-    nullpo_retv (tc);
-
-    if (dir == 0)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] = x - 2;
-        tc->val1[1] = x - 1;
-        tc->val1[2] = x;
-        tc->val1[3] = x + 1;
-        tc->val1[4] = x + 2;
-        tc->val2[0] =
-            tc->val2[1] = tc->val2[2] = tc->val2[3] = tc->val2[4] = y - 1;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 2)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] =
-            tc->val1[1] = tc->val1[2] = tc->val1[3] = tc->val1[4] = x + 1;
-        tc->val2[0] = y + 2;
-        tc->val2[1] = y + 1;
-        tc->val2[2] = y;
-        tc->val2[3] = y - 1;
-        tc->val2[4] = y - 2;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 4)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] = x - 2;
-        tc->val1[1] = x - 1;
-        tc->val1[2] = x;
-        tc->val1[3] = x + 1;
-        tc->val1[4] = x + 2;
-        tc->val2[0] =
-            tc->val2[1] = tc->val2[2] = tc->val2[3] = tc->val2[4] = y + 1;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 6)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] =
-            tc->val1[1] = tc->val1[2] = tc->val1[3] = tc->val1[4] = x - 1;
-        tc->val2[0] = y + 2;
-        tc->val2[1] = y + 1;
-        tc->val2[2] = y;
-        tc->val2[3] = y - 1;
-        tc->val2[4] = y - 2;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 1)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] = x - 1;
-        tc->val1[1] = x;
-        tc->val1[2] = x + 1;
-        tc->val1[3] = x + 2;
-        tc->val1[4] = x + 3;
-        tc->val2[0] = y - 4;
-        tc->val2[1] = y - 3;
-        tc->val2[2] = y - 1;
-        tc->val2[3] = y;
-        tc->val2[4] = y + 1;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 3)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] = x + 3;
-        tc->val1[1] = x + 2;
-        tc->val1[2] = x + 1;
-        tc->val1[3] = x;
-        tc->val1[4] = x - 1;
-        tc->val2[0] = y - 1;
-        tc->val2[1] = y;
-        tc->val2[2] = y + 1;
-        tc->val2[3] = y + 2;
-        tc->val2[4] = y + 3;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 5)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] = x + 1;
-        tc->val1[1] = x;
-        tc->val1[2] = x - 1;
-        tc->val1[3] = x - 2;
-        tc->val1[4] = x - 3;
-        tc->val2[0] = y + 3;
-        tc->val2[1] = y + 2;
-        tc->val2[2] = y + 1;
-        tc->val2[3] = y;
-        tc->val2[4] = y - 1;
-    }
-    else if (dir == 7)
-    {
-        tc->val1[0] = x - 3;
-        tc->val1[1] = x - 2;
-        tc->val1[2] = x - 1;
-        tc->val1[3] = x;
-        tc->val1[4] = x + 1;
-        tc->val2[1] = y;
-        tc->val2[0] = y + 1;
-        tc->val2[2] = y - 1;
-        tc->val2[3] = y - 2;
-        tc->val2[4] = y - 3;
-    }
-
-}
-
-/*=========================================
- * ブランディッシュスピア 方�判定 範囲拡張
- *-----------------------------------------
- */
-void skill_brandishspear_dir (struct square *tc, int dir, int are)
-{
-
-    int  c;
-
-    nullpo_retv (tc);
-
-    for (c = 0; c < 5; c++)
-    {
-        if (dir == 0)
-        {
-            tc->val2[c] += are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 1)
-        {
-            tc->val1[c] -= are;
-            tc->val2[c] += are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 2)
-        {
-            tc->val1[c] -= are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 3)
-        {
-            tc->val1[c] -= are;
-            tc->val2[c] -= are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 4)
-        {
-            tc->val2[c] -= are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 5)
-        {
-            tc->val1[c] += are;
-            tc->val2[c] -= are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 6)
-        {
-            tc->val1[c] += are;
-        }
-        else if (dir == 7)
-        {
-            tc->val1[c] += are;
-            tc->val2[c] += are;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /*==========================================
  * ディボーション 有効確�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void skill_devotion (struct map_session_data *md, int target)
+void skill_devotion(struct map_session_data *md, int)
 {
     // �確�
-    int  n;
+    int n;
 
-    nullpo_retv (md);
+    nullpo_retv(md);
 
     for (n = 0; n < 5; n++)
     {
         if (md->dev.val1[n])
         {
-            struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (md->dev.val1[n]);
+            struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd(md->dev.val1[n]);
             // 相手�見��ら�� // 相手をディボ��る��自分�ゃ�� // �離�離れ�る
             if (sd == NULL
-                || (sd->sc_data
-                    && (md->bl.id != sd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val1))
-                || skill_devotion3 (&md->bl, md->dev.val1[n]))
+                || (md->bl.id != 0/* was something else - TODO remove this */)
+                || skill_devotion3(&md->bl, md->dev.val1[n]))
             {
-                skill_devotion_end (md, sd, n);
+                skill_devotion_end(md, sd, n);
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-void skill_devotion2 (struct block_list *bl, int crusader)
-{
-    // 被ディボーション�歩��時��離�ェック
-    struct map_session_data *sd = map_id2sd (crusader);
-
-    nullpo_retv (bl);
-
-    if (sd)
-        skill_devotion3 (&sd->bl, bl->id);
-}
-
-int skill_devotion3 (struct block_list *bl, int target)
+int skill_devotion3(struct block_list *bl, int target)
 {
     // クルセ�歩��時��離�ェック
     struct map_session_data *md;
     struct map_session_data *sd;
-    int  n, r = 0;
+    int n, r = 0;
 
-    nullpo_retr (1, bl);
+    nullpo_retr(1, bl);
 
     if ((md = (struct map_session_data *) bl) == NULL
-        || (sd = map_id2sd (target)) == NULL)
+        || (sd = map_id2sd(target)) == NULL)
         return 1;
     else
-        r = distance (bl->x, bl->y, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
+        r = distance(bl->x, bl->y, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y);
 
-    if (pc_checkskill (sd, CR_DEVOTION) + 6 < r)
+    if ( + 6 < r)
     {                           // 許容範囲を超���
         for (n = 0; n < 5; n++)
             if (md->dev.val1[n] == target)
                 md->dev.val2[n] = 0;    // 離れ�時��糸を切る��
-        clif_devotion (md, sd->bl.id);
         return 1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
 
-void skill_devotion_end (struct map_session_data *md,
-                         struct map_session_data *sd, int target)
+void skill_devotion_end(struct map_session_data *md,
+                         struct map_session_data *, int target)
 {
     // クルセ�被ディボキャラ�リセット
-    nullpo_retv (md);
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(md);
 
     md->dev.val1[target] = md->dev.val2[target] = 0;
-    if (sd && sd->sc_data)
-    {
-        //  skill_status_change_end(sd->bl,SC_DEVOTION,-1);
-        sd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val1 = 0;
-        sd->sc_data[SC_DEVOTION].val2 = 0;
-        clif_status_change (&sd->bl, SC_DEVOTION, 0);
-        clif_devotion (md, sd->bl.id);
-    }
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * オートスペル
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_autospell (struct map_session_data *sd, int skillid)
+int skill_gangsterparadise(struct map_session_data *, int)
 {
-    int  skilllv;
-    int  maxlv = 1, lv;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    skilllv = pc_checkskill (sd, SA_AUTOSPELL);
-
-    if (skillid == MG_NAPALMBEAT)
-        maxlv = 3;
-    else if (skillid == MG_COLDBOLT || skillid == MG_FIREBOLT
-             || skillid == MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT)
-    {
-        if (skilllv == 2)
-            maxlv = 1;
-        else if (skilllv == 3)
-            maxlv = 2;
-        else if (skilllv >= 4)
-            maxlv = 3;
-    }
-    else if (skillid == MG_SOULSTRIKE)
-    {
-        if (skilllv == 5)
-            maxlv = 1;
-        else if (skilllv == 6)
-            maxlv = 2;
-        else if (skilllv >= 7)
-            maxlv = 3;
-    }
-    else if (skillid == MG_FIREBALL)
-    {
-        if (skilllv == 8)
-            maxlv = 1;
-        else if (skilllv >= 9)
-            maxlv = 2;
-    }
-    else if (skillid == MG_FROSTDIVER)
-        maxlv = 1;
-    else
-        return 0;
-
-    if (maxlv > (lv = pc_checkskill (sd, skillid)))
-        maxlv = lv;
-
-    skill_status_change_start (&sd->bl, SC_AUTOSPELL, skilllv, skillid, maxlv, 0,   // val1:スキルID val2:使用最大Lv
-                               skill_get_time (SA_AUTOSPELL, skilllv), 0);  // �������bscript�書�易�・・・？
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * ギャングスターパラダイス判定処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * ステータス異常
+ *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
-static int skill_gangster_count (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int *c;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    c = va_arg (ap, int *);
-
-    if (sd && c && pc_issit (sd) && pc_checkskill (sd, RG_GANGSTER) > 0)
-        (*c)++;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int skill_gangster_in (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    if (sd && pc_issit (sd) && pc_checkskill (sd, RG_GANGSTER) > 0)
-        sd->state.gangsterparadise = 1;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int skill_gangster_out (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-    if (sd && sd->state.gangsterparadise)
-        sd->state.gangsterparadise = 0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int skill_gangsterparadise (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
-{
-    int  range = 1;
-    int  c = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (pc_checkskill (sd, RG_GANGSTER) <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (type == 1)
-    {                           /* 座��時�処� */
-        map_foreachinarea (skill_gangster_count, sd->bl.m,
-                           sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                           sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC, &c);
-        if (c > 0)
-        {                       /*ギャングスター�功��ら自分�もギャングスター属性付与 */
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_gangster_in, sd->bl.m,
-                               sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                               sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC);
-            sd->state.gangsterparadise = 1;
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-    else if (type == 0)
-    {                           /* 立�上������処� */
-        map_foreachinarea (skill_gangster_count, sd->bl.m,
-                           sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                           sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC, &c);
-        if (c < 1)
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_gangster_out, sd->bl.m,
-                               sd->bl.x - range, sd->bl.y - range,
-                               sd->bl.x + range, sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC);
-        sd->state.gangsterparadise = 0;
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
 /*==========================================
- * 寒�ジョーク・スクリーム判定処�(foreachinarea)
+ * ステータス異常終了
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_frostjoke_scream (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+int skill_status_change_active(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type)
 {
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  skillnum, skilllv;
-    unsigned int tick;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-
-    skillnum = va_arg (ap, int);
-    skilllv = va_arg (ap, int);
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (src == bl)              //自分��効���
-        return 0;
-
-    if (battle_check_target (src, bl, BCT_ENEMY) > 0)
-        skill_additional_effect (src, bl, skillnum, skilllv, BF_MISC, tick);
-    else if (battle_check_target (src, bl, BCT_PARTY) > 0)
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    if (bl->type != BL::PC && bl->type != BL::MOB)
     {
-        if (MRAND (100) < 10)   //PTメン��も低確率���る(�り���10%)
-            skill_additional_effect (src, bl, skillnum, skilllv, BF_MISC,
-                                     tick);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_attack_area (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src, *dsrc;
-    int  atk_type, skillid, skilllv, flag, type;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    atk_type = va_arg (ap, int);
-    if ((src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if ((dsrc = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *)) == NULL)
+        if (battle_config.error_log)
+            PRINTF("skill_status_change_active: neither MOB nor PC !\n");
         return 0;
-    skillid = va_arg (ap, int);
-    skilllv = va_arg (ap, int);
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-    flag = va_arg (ap, int);
-    type = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    if (battle_check_target (dsrc, bl, type) > 0)
-        skill_attack (atk_type, src, dsrc, bl, skillid, skilllv, tick, flag);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- *
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_clear_element_field (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    int  i, skillid;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-        md = (struct mob_data *) bl;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-        sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MOBSKILLUNITGROUP; i++)
-    {
-        if (sd)
-        {
-            skillid = sd->skillunit[i].skill_id;
-            if (skillid == SA_DELUGE || skillid == SA_VOLCANO
-                || skillid == SA_VIOLENTGALE || skillid == SA_LANDPROTECTOR)
-                skill_delunitgroup (&sd->skillunit[i]);
-        }
-        else if (md)
-        {
-            skillid = md->skillunit[i].skill_id;
-            if (skillid == SA_DELUGE || skillid == SA_VOLCANO
-                || skillid == SA_VIOLENTGALE || skillid == SA_LANDPROTECTOR)
-                skill_delunitgroup (&md->skillunit[i]);
-        }
     }
-    return 0;
-}
 
-/*==========================================
- * ランドプロテクター�ェック(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_landprotector (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    int  skillid;
-    int *alive;
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    skillid = va_arg (ap, int);
-    alive = va_arg (ap, int *);
-    if ((unit = (struct skill_unit *) bl) == NULL)
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (not sc_data)
         return 0;
 
-    if (skillid == SA_LANDPROTECTOR)
-    {
-        skill_delunit (unit);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (alive && unit->group->skill_id == SA_LANDPROTECTOR)
-            (*alive) = 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return bool(sc_data[type].timer);
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * イドゥン�林檎�回復処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_idun_heal (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
+void skill_status_change_end(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type, TimerData *tid)
 {
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-    int  heal;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = va_arg (ap, struct skill_unit *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = unit->group);
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    int opt_flag = 0, calc_flag = 0;
+    short *sc_count;
+    Option *option;
+    Opt1 *opt1;
+    Opt2 *opt2;
+    Opt3 *opt3;
 
-    heal =
-        30 + sg->skill_lv * 5 + ((sg->val1) >> 16) * 5 +
-        ((sg->val1) & 0xfff) / 2;
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_SKILL || bl->id == sg->src_id)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC || bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    nullpo_retv(bl);
+    if (bl->type != BL::PC && bl->type != BL::MOB)
     {
-        clif_skill_nodamage (&unit->bl, bl, AL_HEAL, heal, 1);
-        battle_heal (NULL, bl, heal, 0, 0);
+        if (battle_config.error_log)
+            PRINTF("skill_status_change_end: neither MOB nor PC !\n");
+        return;
     }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * 指定範囲内�src�対��有効�ターゲット�bl�数を数�る(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_count_target (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int *c;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-
-    if ((src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if ((c = va_arg (ap, int *)) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    if (battle_check_target (src, bl, BCT_ENEMY) > 0)
-        (*c)++;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * トラップ範囲処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_trap_splash (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  tick;
-    int  splash_count;
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-    struct block_list *ss;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = (struct skill_unit *) src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sg = unit->group);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ss = map_id2bl (sg->src_id));
-
-    tick = va_arg (ap, int);
-    splash_count = va_arg (ap, int);
-
-    if (battle_check_target (src, bl, BCT_ENEMY) > 0)
-    {
-        switch (sg->unit_id)
-        {
-            case 0x95:         /* サンドマン */
-            case 0x96:         /* フラッシャー */
-            case 0x94:         /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-                skill_additional_effect (ss, bl, sg->skill_id, sg->skill_lv,
-                                         BF_MISC, tick);
-                break;
-            case 0x8f:         /* ブラストマイン */
-            case 0x98:         /* クレイモアートラップ */
-                for (i = 0; i < splash_count; i++)
-                {
-                    skill_attack (BF_MISC, ss, src, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                                  sg->skill_lv, tick,
-                                  (sg->val2) ? 0x0500 : 0);
-                }
-            case 0x97:         /* フリージングトラップ */
-                skill_attack (BF_WEAPON, ss, src, bl, sg->skill_id,
-                              sg->skill_lv, tick, (sg->val2) ? 0x0500 : 0);
-                break;
-            default:
-                break;
-        }
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (not sc_data)
+        return;
+    sc_count = battle_get_sc_count(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(sc_count);
+    option = battle_get_option(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(option);
+    opt1 = battle_get_opt1(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(opt1);
+    opt2 = battle_get_opt2(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(opt2);
+    opt3 = battle_get_opt3(bl);
+    nullpo_retv(opt3);
+
+    // status_change_end can be called 2 ways: automatically by a timer,
+    // or manually to cancel it.
+    if (!tid) // if this is a cancel
+    {
+        // and it was not active
+        if (!sc_data[type].timer)
+            // there's nothing to do
+            return;
+        // if it was active, cancel it
+        sc_data[type].timer.cancel();
     }
+    // whether we are the timer or a cancel no longer matters
 
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- * ステータス異常
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
-
-/*==========================================
- * ステータス異常タイマー範囲処�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_status_change_timer_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  type;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    type = va_arg (ap, int);
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
-        return 0;
+    assert (!sc_data[type].timer);
+    assert ((*sc_count) > 0);
+    (*sc_count)--;
 
     switch (type)
-    {
-        case SC_SIGHT:         /* サイト */
-        case SC_CONCENTRATE:
-            if ((*battle_get_option (bl)) & 6)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-            }
+    {                       /* 異常�種類���処� */
+        case StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0:  /* 増速�ーション */
+        case StatusChange::SC_ATKPOT:    /* attack potion [Valaris] */
+        case StatusChange::SC_MATKPOT:   /* magic attack potion [Valaris] */
+        case StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD:
+        case StatusChange::SC_HASTE:
+            calc_flag = 1;
             break;
-        case SC_RUWACH:        /* ルアフ */
-            if ((*battle_get_option (bl)) & 6)
-            {
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_HIDING, -1);
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-                if (battle_check_target (src, bl, BCT_ENEMY) > 0)
-                {
-                    struct status_change *sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl);
-                    skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, src, src, bl, AL_RUWACH,
-                                  sc_data[type].val1, tick, 0);
-                }
-            }
+
+            /* option2 */
+        case StatusChange::SC_POISON:    /* 毒 */
+            calc_flag = 1;
             break;
     }
-    return 0;
-}
 
-/*==========================================
- * ステータス異常終了
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_status_change_active (struct block_list *bl, int type)
-{
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && type < StatusChange::SC_SENDMAX)
+        clif_status_change(bl, type, 0);   /* アイコン消去 */
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
+    switch (type)
     {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("skill_status_change_active: neither MOB nor PC !\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl));
+    case StatusChange::SC_POISON:
+        *opt2 &= ~Opt2::_poison;
+        opt_flag = 1;
+        break;
 
-    return sc_data[type].timer != -1;
-}
+    case StatusChange::SC_SLOWPOISON:
+        if (sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer)
+            *opt2 |= Opt2::_poison;
+        *opt2 &= ~Opt2::_slowpoison;
+        opt_flag = 1;
+        break;
 
-int skill_status_change_end (struct block_list *bl, int type, int tid)
-{
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    int  opt_flag = 0, calc_flag = 0;
-    short *sc_count, *option, *opt1, *opt2, *opt3;
+    case StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0:
+        *opt2 &= ~Opt2::_speedpotion0;
+        opt_flag = 1;
+        break;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type != BL_PC && bl->type != BL_MOB)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("skill_status_change_end: neither MOB nor PC !\n");
-        return 0;
+    case StatusChange::SC_ATKPOT:
+        *opt2 &= ~Opt2::_atkpot;
+        opt_flag = 1;
+        break;
     }
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, option = battle_get_option (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt2 = battle_get_opt2 (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt3 = battle_get_opt3 (bl));
-
-    if ((*sc_count) > 0 && sc_data[type].timer != -1
-        && (sc_data[type].timer == tid || tid == -1))
-    {
-
-        if (tid == -1)          // タイマ�ら呼�れ�����らタイマ削除を�る
-            delete_timer (sc_data[type].timer, skill_status_change_timer);
-
-        /* 該当�異常を正常�戻� */
-        sc_data[type].timer = -1;
-        (*sc_count)--;
-
-        switch (type)
-        {                       /* 異常�種類���処� */
-            case SC_PROVOKE:   /* プロボック */
-            case SC_CONCENTRATE:   /* 集中力�上 */
-            case SC_BLESSING:  /* ブレッシング */
-            case SC_ANGELUS:   /* アンゼルス */
-            case SC_INCREASEAGI:   /* 速度上昇 */
-            case SC_DECREASEAGI:   /* 速度減少 */
-            case SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS:  /* シグナムクルシス */
-            case SC_HIDING:
-            case SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN:    /* 2HQ */
-            case SC_ADRENALINE:    /* アドレナリンラッシュ */
-            case SC_ENCPOISON: /* エン�ャント�イズン */
-            case SC_IMPOSITIO: /* イン�シティオマヌス */
-            case SC_GLORIA:    /* グロリア */
-            case SC_LOUD:      /* ラウドボイス */
-            case SC_QUAGMIRE:  /* クァグマイア */
-            case SC_PROVIDENCE:    /* プロヴィデンス */
-            case SC_SPEARSQUICKEN: /* スピアクイッケン */
-            case SC_VOLCANO:
-            case SC_DELUGE:
-            case SC_VIOLENTGALE:
-            case SC_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* エターナルカオス */
-            case SC_DRUMBATTLE:    /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-            case SC_NIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-            case SC_SIEGFRIED: /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-            case SC_WHISTLE:   /* �笛 */
-            case SC_ASSNCROS:  /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-            case SC_HUMMING:   /* �ミング */
-            case SC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ��� */
-            case SC_FORTUNE:   /* 幸��キス */
-            case SC_SERVICE4U: /* サービスフォーユー */
-            case SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS:  // 爆裂波動
-            case SC_STEELBODY: // 金剛
-            case SC_DEFENDER:
-            case SC_SPEEDPOTION0:  /* 増速�ーション */
-            case SC_SPEEDPOTION1:
-            case SC_SPEEDPOTION2:
-            case SC_APPLEIDUN: /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-            case SC_RIDING:
-            case SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT:
-            case SC_AURABLADE: /* オーラブレード */
-            case SC_PARRYING:  /* パリイング */
-            case SC_CONCENTRATION: /* コンセントレーション */
-            case SC_TENSIONRELAX:  /* テンションリラックス */
-            case SC_ASSUMPTIO: /* アシャンプティオ */
-            case SC_WINDWALK:  /* ウインドウォーク */
-            case SC_TRUESIGHT: /* トゥルーサイト */
-            case SC_SPIDERWEB: /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-            case SC_MAGICPOWER:    /* 魔法力増幅 */
-            case SC_CHASEWALK:
-            case SC_ATKPOT:    /* attack potion [Valaris] */
-            case SC_MATKPOT:   /* magic attack potion [Valaris] */
-            case SC_WEDDING:   //�婚用(�婚衣裳����歩�������)
-            case SC_MELTDOWN:  /* メルトダウン */
-            case SC_PHYS_SHIELD:
-            case SC_HASTE:
-                calc_flag = 1;
-                break;
-            case SC_BERSERK:   /* �ーサーク */
-                calc_flag = 1;
-                clif_status_change (bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, 0); /* アイコン消去 */
-                break;
-            case SC_DEVOTION:  /* ディボーション */
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *md = map_id2sd (sc_data[type].val1);
-                sc_data[type].val1 = sc_data[type].val2 = 0;
-                skill_devotion (md, bl->id);
-                calc_flag = 1;
-            }
-                break;
-            case SC_BLADESTOP:
-            {
-                struct status_change *t_sc_data =
-                    battle_get_sc_data ((struct block_list *)
-                                        sc_data[type].val4);
-                //片方�切れ���相手�白刃状態�切れ�����ら解除
-                if (t_sc_data && t_sc_data[SC_BLADESTOP].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end ((struct block_list *)
-                                             sc_data[type].val4, SC_BLADESTOP,
-                                             -1);
-
-                if (sc_data[type].val2 == 2)
-                    clif_bladestop ((struct block_list *) sc_data[type].val3,
-                                    (struct block_list *) sc_data[type].val4,
-                                    0);
-            }
-                break;
-            case SC_DANCING:
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *dsd;
-                struct status_change *d_sc_data;
-                if (sc_data[type].val4
-                    && (dsd = map_id2sd (sc_data[type].val4)))
-                {
-                    d_sc_data = dsd->sc_data;
-                    //���相手��る場�相手�val4を0��る
-                    if (d_sc_data && d_sc_data[type].timer != -1)
-                        d_sc_data[type].val4 = 0;
-                }
-            }
-                calc_flag = 1;
-                break;
-            case SC_GRAFFITI:
-            {
-                struct skill_unit_group *sg = (struct skill_unit_group *) sc_data[type].val4;   //val4�グラフィティ�group_id
-                if (sg)
-                    skill_delunitgroup (sg);
-            }
-                break;
-            case SC_NOCHAT:    //�ャット�止状態
-            {
-                struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-                if (bl->type == BL_PC
-                    && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl))
-                {
-                    sd->status.manner = 0;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MANNER);
-                }
-            }
-                break;
-            case SC_SPLASHER:  /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-            {
-                struct block_list *src = map_id2bl (sc_data[type].val3);
-                if (src && tid != -1)
-                {
-                    //自分�ダメージ＆周囲3*3�ダメージ
-                    skill_castend_damage_id (src, bl, sc_data[type].val2,
-                                             sc_data[type].val1, gettick (),
-                                             0);
-                }
-            }
-                break;
-            case SC_SELFDESTRUCTION:   /* 自爆 */
-            {
-                //自分�ダメージ�0���
-                struct mob_data *md = NULL;
-                if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (md = (struct mob_data *) bl))
-                    skill_castend_damage_id (bl, bl, sc_data[type].val2,
-                                             sc_data[type].val1, gettick (),
-                                             0);
-            }
-                break;
-                /* option1 */
-            case SC_FREEZE:
-                sc_data[type].val3 = 0;
-                break;
-
-                /* option2 */
-            case SC_POISON:    /* 毒 */
-            case SC_BLIND:     /* æš—é»’ */
-            case SC_CURSE:
-                calc_flag = 1;
-                break;
-        }
-
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC && type < SC_SENDMAX)
-            clif_status_change (bl, type, 0);   /* アイコン消去 */
 
-        switch (type)
-        {                       /* 正常�戻る�����処��必� */
-            case SC_STONE:
-            case SC_FREEZE:
-            case SC_STAN:
-            case SC_SLEEP:
-                *opt1 = 0;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_POISON:
-            case SC_CURSE:
-            case SC_SILENCE:
-            case SC_BLIND:
-                *opt2 &= ~(1 << (type - SC_POISON));
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_SLOWPOISON:
-                if (sc_data[SC_POISON].timer != -1)
-                    *opt2 |= 0x1;
-                *opt2 &= ~0x200;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS:
-                *opt2 &= ~0x40;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_SPEEDPOTION0:
-                *opt2 &= ~0x20;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
+    if (opt_flag)           /* option�変更を��る */
+        clif_changeoption(bl);
 
-            case SC_ATKPOT:
-                *opt2 &= ~0x80;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_HIDING:
-            case SC_CLOAKING:
-                *option &= ~((type == SC_HIDING) ? 2 : 4);
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_CHASEWALK:
-                *option &= ~16388;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-            case SC_SIGHT:
-                *option &= ~1;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-            case SC_WEDDING:   //�婚用(�婚衣裳����歩�������)
-                *option &= ~4096;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-            case SC_RUWACH:
-                *option &= ~8192;
-                opt_flag = 1;
-                break;
-
-                //opt3
-            case SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN:    /* 2HQ */
-            case SC_SPEARSQUICKEN: /* スピアクイッケン */
-            case SC_CONCENTRATION: /* コンセントレーション */
-                *opt3 &= ~1;
-                break;
-            case SC_OVERTHRUST:    /* オー�ースラスト */
-                *opt3 &= ~2;
-                break;
-            case SC_ENERGYCOAT:    /* エナジーコート */
-                *opt3 &= ~4;
-                break;
-            case SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS:  // 爆裂波動
-                *opt3 &= ~8;
-                break;
-            case SC_STEELBODY: // 金剛
-                *opt3 &= ~16;
-                break;
-            case SC_BLADESTOP: /* 白刃�り */
-                *opt3 &= ~32;
-                break;
-            case SC_BERSERK:   /* �ーサーク */
-                *opt3 &= ~128;
-                break;
-            case SC_MARIONETTE:    /* マリオ�ットコントロール */
-                *opt3 &= ~1024;
-                break;
-            case SC_ASSUMPTIO: /* アスムプティオ */
-                *opt3 &= ~2048;
-                break;
-        }
-
-        if (night_flag == 1 && (*opt2 & STATE_BLIND) == 0
-            && bl->type == BL_PC)
-        {                       // by [Yor]
-            *opt2 |= STATE_BLIND;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-        }
-
-        if (opt_flag)           /* option�変更を��る */
-            clif_changeoption (bl);
-
-        if (bl->type == BL_PC && calc_flag)
-            pc_calcstatus ((struct map_session_data *) bl, 0);  /* ステータス�計算 */
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && calc_flag)
+        pc_calcstatus((struct map_session_data *) bl, 0);  /* ステータス�計算 */
 }
 
-int skill_update_heal_animation (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int skill_update_heal_animation(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    const int mask = 0x100;
-    int  was_active;
-    int  is_active;
+    const Opt2 mask = Opt2::_heal;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    was_active = sd->opt2 & mask;
-    is_active = sd->quick_regeneration_hp.amount > 0;
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    bool was_active = bool(sd->opt2 & mask);
+    bool is_active = sd->quick_regeneration_hp.amount > 0;
 
-    if ((was_active && is_active) || (!was_active && !is_active))
+    if (was_active == is_active)
         return 0;               // no update
 
     if (is_active)
@@ -9463,280 +875,61 @@ int skill_update_heal_animation (struct map_session_data *sd)
     else
         sd->opt2 &= ~mask;
 
-    return clif_changeoption (&sd->bl);
+    return clif_changeoption(&sd->bl);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ステータス異常終了タイマー
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void skill_status_change_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
+void skill_status_change_timer(TimerData *tid, tick_t tick, int id, StatusChange type)
 {
-    int  type = data;
     struct block_list *bl;
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
     //short *sc_count; //使����？
 
-    if ((bl = map_id2bl (id)) == NULL)
-        return;               //該当ID����消滅���る��������も�り�����スルー���る
-    nullpo_retv (sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl));
+    if ((bl = map_id2bl(id)) == NULL)
+        return;
+    //該当ID����消滅���る��������も�り�����スルー���る
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (not sc_data)
+        return;
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
 
     //sc_count=battle_get_sc_count(bl); //使����？
 
-    if (sc_data[type].timer != tid)
-    {
-        if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("skill_status_change_timer %d != %d\n", tid,
-                    sc_data[type].timer);
-    }
-
     if (sc_data[type].spell_invocation)
     {                           // Must report termination
-        spell_effect_report_termination (sc_data[type].spell_invocation,
+        spell_effect_report_termination(sc_data[type].spell_invocation,
                                          bl->id, type, 0);
         sc_data[type].spell_invocation = 0;
     }
 
     switch (type)
-    {                           /* 特殊�処���る場� */
-        case SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER: /* マキシマイズパワー */
-        case SC_CLOAKING:      /* クローキング */
-        case SC_CHASEWALK:
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (sd->status.sp > 0)
-                {               /* SP切れる���続 */
-                    sd->status.sp--;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                        sc_data[type].val2 +
-                                                        tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_HIDING:        /* �イディング */
-            if (sd)
-            {                   /* SP�����時間制��間��続 */
-                if (sd->status.sp > 0 && (--sc_data[type].val2) > 0)
-                {
-                    if (sc_data[type].val2 % (sc_data[type].val1 + 3) == 0)
-                    {
-                        sd->status.sp--;
-                        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                    }
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                        1000 + tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_SIGHT:         /* サイト */
-        {
-            const int range = 7;
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_status_change_timer_sub,
-                               bl->m, bl->x - range, bl->y - range,
-                               bl->x + range, bl->y + range, 0, bl, type,
-                               tick);
-
-            if ((--sc_data[type].val2) > 0)
-            {
-                sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                    250 + tick,
-                                                    skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                    bl->id, data);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case SC_RUWACH:        /* ルアフ */
-        {
-            const int range = 5;
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_status_change_timer_sub,
-                               bl->m, bl->x - range, bl->y - range,
-                               bl->x + range, bl->y + range, 0, bl, type,
-                               tick);
-
-            if ((--sc_data[type].val2) > 0)
-            {
-                sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                    250 + tick,
-                                                    skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                    bl->id, data);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS:  /* シグナムクルシス */
-        {
-            int  race = battle_get_race (bl);
-            if (race == 6
-                || battle_check_undead (race, battle_get_elem_type (bl)))
-            {
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (1000 * 600 + tick, skill_status_change_timer,
-                               bl->id, data);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_PROVOKE:       /* プロボック/オート�ーサーク */
-            if (sc_data[type].val2 != 0)
-            {                   /* オート�ーサーク（１秒���HP�ェック） */
-                if (sd && sd->status.hp > sd->status.max_hp >> 2)   /* �止 */
-                    break;
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (1000 + tick, skill_status_change_timer, bl->id,
-                               data);
-                return;
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_WATERBALL:     /* ウォーターボール */
-        {
-            struct block_list *target = map_id2bl (sc_data[type].val2);
-            if (target == NULL || target->prev == NULL)
-                break;
-            skill_attack (BF_MAGIC, bl, bl, target, WZ_WATERBALL,
-                          sc_data[type].val1, tick, 0);
-            if ((--sc_data[type].val3) > 0)
-            {
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (150 + tick, skill_status_change_timer, bl->id,
-                               data);
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_ENDURE:        /* インデュア */
-            if (sd && sd->special_state.infinite_endure)
-            {
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (1000 * 600 + tick, skill_status_change_timer,
-                               bl->id, data);
-                sc_data[type].val2 = 1;
-                return;
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-            if ((--sc_data[type].val2) > 0)
-            {
-                struct skill_unit *unit =
-                    (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val4;
-                struct block_list *src;
-
-                if (!unit || !unit->group)
-                    break;
-                src = map_id2bl (unit->group->src_id);
-                if (!src)
-                    break;
-                skill_attack (BF_MISC, src, &unit->bl, bl,
-                              unit->group->skill_id, sc_data[type].val1, tick,
-                              0);
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (skill_get_time2
-                               (unit->group->skill_id,
-                                unit->group->skill_lv) + tick,
-                               skill_status_change_timer, bl->id, data);
-                return;
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_LULLABY:       /* �守唄 */
-            if ((--sc_data[type].val2) > 0)
-            {
-                struct skill_unit *unit =
-                    (struct skill_unit *) sc_data[type].val4;
-                if (!unit || !unit->group || unit->group->src_id == bl->id)
-                    break;
-                skill_additional_effect (bl, bl, unit->group->skill_id,
-                                         sc_data[type].val1,
-                                         BF_LONG | BF_SKILL | BF_MISC, tick);
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (skill_get_time
-                               (unit->group->skill_id,
-                                unit->group->skill_lv) / 10 + tick,
-                               skill_status_change_timer, bl->id, data);
-                return;
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_STONE:
-            if (sc_data[type].val2 != 0)
-            {
-                short *opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (bl);
-                sc_data[type].val2 = 0;
-                sc_data[type].val4 = 0;
-                battle_stopwalking (bl, 1);
-                if (opt1)
-                {
-                    *opt1 = 1;
-                    clif_changeoption (bl);
-                }
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (1000 + tick, skill_status_change_timer, bl->id,
-                               data);
-                return;
-            }
-            else if ((--sc_data[type].val3) > 0)
-            {
-                int  hp = battle_get_max_hp (bl);
-                if ((++sc_data[type].val4) % 5 == 0
-                    && battle_get_hp (bl) > hp >> 2)
-                {
-                    hp = hp / 100;
-                    if (hp < 1)
-                        hp = 1;
-                    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-                        pc_heal ((struct map_session_data *) bl, -hp, 0);
-                    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
-                    {
-                        struct mob_data *md;
-                        if ((md = ((struct mob_data *) bl)) == NULL)
-                            break;
-                        md->hp -= hp;
-                    }
-                }
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (1000 + tick, skill_status_change_timer, bl->id,
-                               data);
-                return;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_POISON:
-            if (sc_data[SC_SLOWPOISON].timer == -1)
+    {
+        case StatusChange::SC_POISON:
+            if (!sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SLOWPOISON].timer)
             {
                 const int resist_poison =
-                    skill_power_bl (bl, TMW_RESIST_POISON) >> 3;
+                    skill_power_bl(bl, SkillID::TMW_RESIST_POISON) >> 3;
                 if (resist_poison)
-                    sc_data[type].val1 -= MRAND (resist_poison + 1);
+                    sc_data[type].val1 -= random_::in(0, resist_poison);
 
                 if ((--sc_data[type].val1) > 0)
                 {
 
-                    int  hp = battle_get_max_hp (bl);
-                    if (battle_get_hp (bl) > hp >> 4)
+                    int hp = battle_get_max_hp(bl);
+                    if (battle_get_hp(bl) > hp >> 4)
                     {
-                        if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+                        if (bl->type == BL::PC)
                         {
                             hp = 3 + hp * 3 / 200;
-                            pc_heal ((struct map_session_data *) bl, -hp, 0);
+                            pc_heal((struct map_session_data *) bl, -hp, 0);
                         }
-                        else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+                        else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
                         {
                             struct mob_data *md;
                             if ((md = ((struct mob_data *) bl)) == NULL)
@@ -9745,1064 +938,224 @@ void skill_status_change_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custo
                             md->hp -= hp;
                         }
                     }
-                    sc_data[type].timer =
-                        add_timer (1000 + tick, skill_status_change_timer,
-                                   bl->id, data);
+                    sc_data[type].timer = Timer(tick + std::chrono::seconds(1),
+                            std::bind(skill_status_change_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                                bl->id, type));
+                    return;
                 }
             }
             else
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (2000 + tick, skill_status_change_timer, bl->id,
-                               data);
-            break;
-
-        case SC_TENSIONRELAX:  /* テンションリラックス */
-            if (sd)
-            {                   /* SP�����HP�満タン���れ�継続 */
-                if (sd->status.sp > 12 && sd->status.max_hp > sd->status.hp)
-                {
-                    if (sc_data[type].val2 % (sc_data[type].val1 + 3) == 0)
-                    {
-                        sd->status.sp -= 12;
-                        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                    }
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                        10000 + tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-                if (sd->status.max_hp <= sd->status.hp)
-                    skill_status_change_end (&sd->bl, SC_TENSIONRELAX, -1);
+            {
+                sc_data[type].timer = Timer(tick + std::chrono::seconds(2),
+                        std::bind(skill_status_change_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                            bl->id, type));
+                return;
             }
             break;
+            // If you manually reschedule the timer, you MUST skip the
+            // call to skill_status_change_end below.
 
             /* 時間切れ無�？？ */
-        case SC_AETERNA:
-        case SC_TRICKDEAD:
-        case SC_RIDING:
-        case SC_FALCON:
-        case SC_WEIGHT50:
-        case SC_WEIGHT90:
-        case SC_MAGICPOWER:    /* 魔法力増幅 */
-        case SC_REJECTSWORD:   /* リジェクトソード */
-        case SC_MEMORIZE:      /* メモライズ */
-        case SC_BROKNWEAPON:
-        case SC_BROKNARMOR:
-            if (sc_data[type].timer == tid)
-                sc_data[type].timer =
-                    add_timer (1000 * 600 + tick, skill_status_change_timer,
-                               bl->id, data);
+        case StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT50:
+        case StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT90:
+        case StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON:
+        case StatusChange::SC_BROKNARMOR:
+            sc_data[type].timer = Timer(tick + std::chrono::minutes(10),
+                    std::bind(skill_status_change_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                        bl->id, type));
             return;
 
-        case SC_DANCING:       //ダンススキル�時間SP消費
-        {
-            int  s = 0;
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                if (sd->status.sp > 0 && (--sc_data[type].val3) > 0)
-                {
-                    switch (sc_data[type].val1)
-                    {
-                        case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 3秒�SP1 */
-                        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� 3秒�SP1 */
-                        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 3秒�SP1 */
-                        case BD_SIEGFRIED: /* �死身�ジークフリード 3秒�SP1 */
-                        case BA_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 3秒�SP1 */
-                        case BA_ASSASSINCROSS: /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス 3秒�SP1 */
-                        case DC_UGLYDANCE: /* 自分�手�ダンス 3秒�SP1 */
-                            s = 3;
-                            break;
-                        case BD_LULLABY:   /* �守歌 4秒�SP1 */
-                        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 4秒�SP1 */
-                        case BD_ROKISWEIL: /* ロキ��� 4秒�SP1 */
-                        case DC_FORTUNEKISS:   /* 幸��キス 4秒�SP1 */
-                            s = 4;
-                            break;
-                        case BD_INTOABYSS: /* 深淵�中� 5秒�SP1 */
-                        case BA_WHISTLE:   /* �笛 5秒�SP1 */
-                        case DC_HUMMING:   /* �ミング 5秒�SP1 */
-                        case BA_POEMBRAGI: /* ブラギ�詩 5秒�SP1 */
-                        case DC_SERVICEFORYOU: /* サービスフォーユー 5秒�SP1 */
-                            s = 5;
-                            break;
-                        case BA_APPLEIDUN: /* イドゥン�林檎 6秒�SP1 */
-                            s = 6;
-                            break;
-                        case DC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ���… 10秒�SP1 */
-                        case CG_MOONLIT:   /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら 10秒�SP1？ */
-                            s = 10;
-                            break;
-                    }
-                    if (s && ((sc_data[type].val3 % s) == 0))
-                    {
-                        sd->status.sp--;
-                        clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                    }
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                        1000 + tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-            break;
-        case SC_BERSERK:       /* �ーサーク */
-            if (sd)
-            {                   /* HP�100以上�ら継続 */
-                if ((sd->status.hp - sd->status.hp / 100) > 100)
-                {
-                    sd->status.hp -= sd->status.hp / 100;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_HP);
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                        15000 + tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_WEDDING:       //�婚用(�婚衣裳����歩�������)
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                time_t timer;
-                if (time (&timer) < ((sc_data[type].val2) + 3600))
-                {               //1時間��������継続
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                        10000 + tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_NOCHAT:        //�ャット�止状態
-            if (sd && battle_config.muting_players)
-            {
-                time_t timer;
-                if ((++sd->status.manner)
-                    && time (&timer) <
-                    ((sc_data[type].val2) + 60 * (0 - sd->status.manner)))
-                {               //開始�らstatus.manner分経������継続
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_MANNER);
-                    sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定(60秒) */
-                                                        60000 + tick,
-                                                        skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                        bl->id, data);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_SELFDESTRUCTION:   /* 自爆 */
-            if (--sc_data[type].val3 > 0)
-            {
-                struct mob_data *md;
-                if (bl->type == BL_MOB && (md = (struct mob_data *) bl)
-                    && md->stats[MOB_SPEED] > 250)
-                {
-                    md->stats[MOB_SPEED] -= 250;
-                    md->next_walktime = tick;
-                }
-                sc_data[type].timer = add_timer (   /* タイマー�設定 */
-                                                    1000 + tick,
-                                                    skill_status_change_timer,
-                                                    bl->id, data);
-                return;
-            }
-            break;
-
-        case SC_FLYING_BACKPACK:
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_WEIGHT);
+        case StatusChange::SC_FLYING_BACKPACK:
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::WEIGHT);
             break;
 
     }
 
-    skill_status_change_end (bl, type, tid);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * ステータス異常終了
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_encchant_eremental_end (struct block_list *bl, int type)
-{
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl));
-
-    if (type != SC_ENCPOISON && sc_data[SC_ENCPOISON].timer != -1)  /* エン�ャント�イズン解除 */
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ENCPOISON, -1);
-    if (type != SC_ASPERSIO && sc_data[SC_ASPERSIO].timer != -1)    /* アスペルシオ解除 */
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ASPERSIO, -1);
-    if (type != SC_FLAMELAUNCHER && sc_data[SC_FLAMELAUNCHER].timer != -1)  /* フレイムラン�ャ解除 */
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_FLAMELAUNCHER, -1);
-    if (type != SC_FROSTWEAPON && sc_data[SC_FROSTWEAPON].timer != -1)  /* フロストウェ�ン解除 */
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_FROSTWEAPON, -1);
-    if (type != SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER && sc_data[SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER].timer != -1)  /* ライトニングローダー解除 */
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER, -1);
-    if (type != SC_SEISMICWEAPON && sc_data[SC_SEISMICWEAPON].timer != -1)  /* サイスミックウェ�ン解除 */
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SEISMICWEAPON, -1);
-
-    return 0;
+    skill_status_change_end(bl, type, tid);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * ステータス異常開始
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_status_change_start (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val1,
-                               int val2, int val3, int val4, int tick,
-                               int flag)
+int skill_status_change_start(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type,
+        int val1,
+        interval_t tick)
 {
-    return skill_status_effect (bl, type, val1, val2, val3, val4, tick, flag,
-                                0);
+    return skill_status_effect(bl, type, val1, tick, 0);
 }
 
-int skill_status_effect (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val1, int val2,
-                         int val3, int val4, int tick, int flag,
-                         int spell_invocation)
+int skill_status_effect(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type,
+        int val1,
+        interval_t tick, int spell_invocation)
 {
     struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    short *sc_count, *option, *opt1, *opt2, *opt3;
-    int  opt_flag = 0, calc_flag = 0, updateflag =
-        0, race, mode, elem, undead_flag;
-    int  scdef = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    if (bl->type == BL_SKILL)
-        return 0;
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, option = battle_get_option (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt2 = battle_get_opt2 (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt3 = battle_get_opt3 (bl));
-
-    race = battle_get_race (bl);
-    mode = battle_get_mode (bl);
-    elem = battle_get_elem_type (bl);
-    undead_flag = battle_check_undead (race, elem);
-
-    if (type == SC_AETERNA
-        && (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1 || sc_data[SC_FREEZE].timer != -1))
-        return 0;
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    short *sc_count;
+    Option *option;
+    Opt1 *opt1;
+    Opt2 *opt2;
+    Opt3 *opt3;
+    int opt_flag = 0, calc_flag = 0;
+    SP updateflag = SP::ZERO;
+    int scdef = 0;
+
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (not sc_data)
+        return 0;
+    sc_count = battle_get_sc_count(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(sc_count);
+    option = battle_get_option(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(option);
+    opt1 = battle_get_opt1(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(opt1);
+    opt2 = battle_get_opt2(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(opt2);
+    opt3 = battle_get_opt3(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(opt3);
 
     switch (type)
     {
-        case SC_STONE:
-        case SC_FREEZE:
-            scdef = 3 + battle_get_mdef (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3;
-            break;
-        case SC_STAN:
-        case SC_SILENCE:
-        case SC_POISON:
-            scdef = 3 + battle_get_vit (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3;
-            break;
-        case SC_SLEEP:
-        case SC_BLIND:
-            scdef = 3 + battle_get_int (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3;
+        case StatusChange::SC_POISON:
+            scdef = 3 + battle_get_vit(bl) + battle_get_luk(bl) / 3;
             break;
-        case SC_CURSE:
-            scdef = 3 + battle_get_luk (bl);
-            break;
-
-//      case SC_CONFUSION:
-        default:
-            scdef = 0;
     }
     if (scdef >= 100)
         return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC)
     {
         sd = (struct map_session_data *) bl;
-        if (sd && type == SC_ADRENALINE
-            && !(skill_get_weapontype (BS_ADRENALINE) &
-                 (1 << sd->status.weapon)))
-            return 0;
-
-        if (SC_STONE <= type && type <= SC_BLIND)
-        {                       /* カード�よる�性 */
-            if (sd && sd->reseff[type - SC_STONE] > 0
-                && MRAND (10000) < sd->reseff[type - SC_STONE])
-            {
-                if (battle_config.battle_log)
-                    printf ("PC %d skill_sc_start: card�よる異常�性発動\n",
-                            sd->bl.id);
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
     }
-    else if (bl->type == BL_MOB)
+    else if (bl->type == BL::MOB)
     {
     }
     else
     {
         if (battle_config.error_log)
-            printf ("skill_status_change_start: neither MOB nor PC !\n");
+            PRINTF("skill_status_change_start: neither MOB nor PC !\n");
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (type == SC_FREEZE && undead_flag && !(flag & 1))
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((type == SC_ADRENALINE || type == SC_WEAPONPERFECTION
-         || type == SC_OVERTHRUST) && sc_data[type].timer != -1
-        && sc_data[type].val2 && !val2)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (mode & 0x20 && (type == SC_STONE || type == SC_FREEZE ||
-                        type == SC_STAN || type == SC_SLEEP
-                        || type == SC_SILENCE || type == SC_QUAGMIRE
-                        || type == SC_DECREASEAGI || type == SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS
-                        || type == SC_PROVOKE || (type == SC_BLESSING
-                                                  && (undead_flag
-                                                      || race == 6)))
-        && !(flag & 1))
-    {
-        /* ボス��効���(���カード�よる効果��用�れる) */
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (type == SC_FREEZE || type == SC_STAN || type == SC_SLEEP)
-        battle_stopwalking (bl, 1);
-
-    if (sc_data[type].timer != -1)
+    if (sc_data[type].timer)
     {                           /* �����異常�����る場�タイマ解除 */
-        if (sc_data[type].val1 > val1 && type != SC_COMBO && type != SC_DANCING && type != SC_DEVOTION && type != SC_SPEEDPOTION0 && type != SC_SPEEDPOTION1 && type != SC_SPEEDPOTION2 && type != SC_ATKPOT && type != SC_MATKPOT) // added atk and matk potions [Valaris]
+        if (sc_data[type].val1 > val1
+            && type != StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0
+            && type != StatusChange::SC_ATKPOT
+            && type != StatusChange::SC_MATKPOT) // added atk and matk potions [Valaris]
             return 0;
-        if (type >= SC_STAN && type <= SC_BLIND)
-            return 0;           /* 継�足������状態異常��る時�状態異常を行��� */
-        if (type == SC_GRAFFITI)
-        {                       //異常中�も�一度状態異常����時�解除���ら�度��る
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, type, -1);
-        }
-        else
+        if (type == StatusChange::SC_POISON)
+            return 0;
+
+        /* 継�足������状態異常��る時�状態異常を行��� */
         {
             (*sc_count)--;
-            delete_timer (sc_data[type].timer, skill_status_change_timer);
-            sc_data[type].timer = -1;
+            sc_data[type].timer.cancel();
         }
     }
 
     switch (type)
-    {                           /* 異常�種類���処� */
-        case SC_PROVOKE:       /* プロボック */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (tick <= 0)
-                tick = 1000;    /* (オート�ーサーク) */
-            break;
-        case SC_ENDURE:        /* インデュア */
-            if (tick <= 0)
-                tick = 1000 * 60;
-            break;
-        case SC_CONCENTRATE:   /* 集中力�上 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_BLESSING:      /* ブレッシング */
-        {
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC || (!undead_flag && race != 6))
-            {
-                if (sc_data[SC_CURSE].timer != -1)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CURSE, -1);
-                if (sc_data[SC_STONE].timer != -1
-                    && sc_data[SC_STONE].val2 == 0)
-                    skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_STONE, -1);
-            }
-            calc_flag = 1;
-        }
-            break;
-        case SC_ANGELUS:       /* アンゼルス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_INCREASEAGI:   /* 速度上昇 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_DECREASEAGI].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_DECREASEAGI, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1)   /* ウインドウォーク */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_WINDWALK, -1);
-            break;
-        case SC_DECREASEAGI:   /* 速度減少 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, -1);
-            break;
-        case SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS:  /* シグナムクルシス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-//          val2 = 14 + val1;
-            val2 = 10 + val1 * 2;
-            tick = 600 * 1000;
-            clif_emotion (bl, 4);
-            break;
-        case SC_SLOWPOISON:
-            if (sc_data[SC_POISON].timer == -1)
+    {
+        /* 異常�種類���処� */
+        case StatusChange::SC_SLOWPOISON:
+            if (!sc_data[StatusChange::SC_POISON].timer)
                 return 0;
             break;
-        case SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN:    /* 2HQ */
-            *opt3 |= 1;
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_ADRENALINE:    /* アドレナリンラッシュ */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_WEAPONPERFECTION:  /* ウェ�ンパーフェクション */
-            if (battle_config.party_skill_penaly && !val2)
-                tick /= 5;
-            break;
-        case SC_OVERTHRUST:    /* オー�ースラスト */
-            *opt3 |= 2;
-            if (battle_config.party_skill_penaly && !val2)
-                tick /= 10;
-            break;
-        case SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER: /* マキシマイズパワー(SP�1減る時間,val2�も) */
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-                val2 = tick;
-            else
-                tick = 5000 * val1;
-            break;
-        case SC_ENCPOISON:     /* エン�ャント�イズン */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = (((val1 - 1) / 2) + 3) * 100;    /* 毒付与確率 */
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (bl, SC_ENCPOISON);
-            break;
-        case SC_POISONREACT:   /* �イズンリアクト */
-            break;
-        case SC_IMPOSITIO:     /* イン�シティオマヌス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_ASPERSIO:      /* アスペルシオ */
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (bl, SC_ASPERSIO);
-            break;
-        case SC_SUFFRAGIUM:    /* サフラギム */
-        case SC_BENEDICTIO:    /* �体 */
-        case SC_MAGNIFICAT:    /* マグニフィカート */
-        case SC_AETERNA:       /* エーテルナ */
-            break;
-        case SC_ENERGYCOAT:    /* エナジーコート */
-            *opt3 |= 4;
-            break;
-        case SC_MAGICROD:
-            val2 = val1 * 20;
-            break;
-        case SC_KYRIE:         /* キリエエレイソン */
-            val2 = battle_get_max_hp (bl) * (val1 * 2 + 10) / 100;  /* �久度 */
-            val3 = (val1 / 2 + 5);  /* 回数 */
-// -- moonsoul (added to undo assumptio status if target has it)
-            if (sc_data[SC_ASSUMPTIO].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ASSUMPTIO, -1);
-            break;
-        case SC_MINDBREAKER:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (tick <= 0)
-                tick = 1000;    /* (オート�ーサーク) */
-        case SC_GLORIA:        /* グロリア */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_LOUD:          /* ラウドボイス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_TRICKDEAD:     /* 死ん��り */
-            break;
-        case SC_QUAGMIRE:      /* クァグマイア */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_CONCENTRATE].timer != -1)    /* 集中力�上解除 */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CONCENTRATE, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].timer != -1)    /* 速度上昇解除 */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SPEARSQUICKEN, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ADRENALINE, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_LOUD].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_LOUD, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)  /* トゥルーサイト */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_TRUESIGHT, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1)   /* ウインドウォーク */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_WINDWALK, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_CARTBOOST].timer != -1)  /* カートブースト */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CARTBOOST, -1);
-            break;
-        case SC_FLAMELAUNCHER: /* フレームラン�ャー */
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (bl, SC_FLAMELAUNCHER);
-            break;
-        case SC_FROSTWEAPON:   /* フロストウェ�ン */
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (bl, SC_FROSTWEAPON);
-            break;
-        case SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER:   /* ライトニングローダー */
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (bl, SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER);
-            break;
-        case SC_SEISMICWEAPON: /* サイズミックウェ�ン */
-            skill_encchant_eremental_end (bl, SC_SEISMICWEAPON);
-            break;
-        case SC_DEVOTION:      /* ディボーション */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_PROVIDENCE:    /* プロヴィデンス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = val1 * 5;
-            break;
-        case SC_REFLECTSHIELD:
-            val2 = 10 + val1 * 3;
-            break;
-        case SC_STRIPWEAPON:
-        case SC_STRIPSHIELD:
-        case SC_STRIPARMOR:
-        case SC_STRIPHELM:
-        case SC_CP_WEAPON:
-        case SC_CP_SHIELD:
-        case SC_CP_ARMOR:
-        case SC_CP_HELM:
-            break;
-
-        case SC_AUTOSPELL:     /* オートスペル */
-            val4 = 5 + val1 * 2;
-            break;
-
-        case SC_VOLCANO:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val3 = val1 * 10;
-            val4 =
-                val1 >= 5 ? 20 : (val1 ==
-                                  4 ? 19 : (val1 ==
-                                            3 ? 17 : (val1 == 2 ? 14 : 10)));
-            break;
-        case SC_DELUGE:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val3 =
-                val1 >= 5 ? 15 : (val1 ==
-                                  4 ? 14 : (val1 ==
-                                            3 ? 12 : (val1 == 2 ? 9 : 5)));
-            val4 =
-                val1 >= 5 ? 20 : (val1 ==
-                                  4 ? 19 : (val1 ==
-                                            3 ? 17 : (val1 == 2 ? 14 : 10)));
-            break;
-        case SC_VIOLENTGALE:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val3 = val1 * 3;
-            val4 =
-                val1 >= 5 ? 20 : (val1 ==
-                                  4 ? 19 : (val1 ==
-                                            3 ? 17 : (val1 == 2 ? 14 : 10)));
-            break;
 
-        case SC_SPEARSQUICKEN: /* スピアクイッケン */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = 20 + val1;
-            *opt3 |= 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_COMBO:
-            break;
-        case SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT:    /* 白刃�り(待�) */
-            break;
-        case SC_BLADESTOP:     /* 白刃�り */
-            if (val2 == 2)
-                clif_bladestop ((struct block_list *) val3,
-                                (struct block_list *) val4, 1);
-            *opt3 |= 32;
-            break;
-
-        case SC_LULLABY:       /* �守唄 */
-            val2 = 11;
-            break;
-        case SC_RICHMANKIM:
-            break;
-        case SC_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* エターナルカオス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_DRUMBATTLE:    /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = (val1 + 1) * 25;
-            val3 = (val1 + 1) * 2;
-            break;
-        case SC_NIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = (val1 + 2) * 50;
-            val3 = (val1 + 2) * 25;
-            break;
-        case SC_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-            break;
-        case SC_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-            break;
-        case SC_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
+        case StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0:  /* 増速�ーション */
+            *opt2 |= Opt2::_speedpotion0;
             calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = 40 + val1 * 5;
-            val3 = val1 * 10;
-            break;
-        case SC_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-            val2 = 10;
-            break;
-        case SC_WHISTLE:       /* �笛 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_ASSNCROS:      /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_POEMBRAGI:     /* ブラギ�詩 */
-            break;
-        case SC_APPLEIDUN:     /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_UGLYDANCE:     /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-            val2 = 10;
-            break;
-        case SC_HUMMING:       /* �ミング */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ��� */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (sc_data[SC_INCREASEAGI].timer != -1)    /* 速度上昇解除 */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_SPEARSQUICKEN].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_SPEARSQUICKEN, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_ADRENALINE].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ADRENALINE, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_ASSNCROS].timer != -1)
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_ASSNCROS, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_TRUESIGHT].timer != -1)  /* トゥルーサイト */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_TRUESIGHT, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_WINDWALK].timer != -1)   /* ウインドウォーク */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_WINDWALK, -1);
-            if (sc_data[SC_CARTBOOST].timer != -1)  /* カートブースト */
-                skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CARTBOOST, -1);
-            break;
-        case SC_FORTUNE:       /* 幸��キス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_SERVICE4U:     /* サービスフォーユー */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_DANCING:       /* ダンス/演�中 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val3 = tick / 1000;
-            tick = 1000;
-            break;
-
-        case SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS:  // 爆裂波動
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = 75 + 25 * val1;
-            *opt3 |= 8;
-            break;
-        case SC_STEELBODY:     // 金剛
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            *opt3 |= 16;
-            break;
-        case SC_EXTREMITYFIST: /* 阿修羅覇凰拳 */
-            break;
-        case SC_AUTOCOUNTER:
-            val3 = val4 = 0;
-            break;
-
-        case SC_SPEEDPOTION0:  /* 増速�ーション */
-            *opt2 |= 0x20;
-        case SC_SPEEDPOTION1:
-        case SC_SPEEDPOTION2:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            tick = 1000 * tick;
-//          val2 = 5*(2+type-SC_SPEEDPOTION0);
+//          val2 = 5*(2+type-StatusChange::SC_SPEEDPOTION0);
             break;
 
             /* atk & matk potions [Valaris] */
-        case SC_ATKPOT:
-            *opt2 |= 0x80;
-        case SC_MATKPOT:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            tick = 1000 * tick;
-            break;
-        case SC_WEDDING:       //�婚用(�婚衣裳����歩�������)
-        {
-            time_t timer;
-
+        case StatusChange::SC_ATKPOT:
+            *opt2 |= Opt2::_atkpot;
+            FALLTHROUGH;
+        case StatusChange::SC_MATKPOT:
             calc_flag = 1;
-            tick = 10000;
-            if (!val2)
-                val2 = time (&timer);
-        }
-            break;
-        case SC_NOCHAT:        //�ャット�止状態
-        {
-            time_t timer;
-
-            if (!battle_config.muting_players)
-                break;
-
-            tick = 60000;
-            if (!val2)
-                val2 = time (&timer);
-            updateflag = SP_MANNER;
-        }
-            break;
-        case SC_SELFDESTRUCTION:   //自爆
-            clif_skillcasting (bl, bl->id, bl->id, 0, 0, 331,
-                               skill_get_time (val2, val1));
-            val3 = tick / 1000;
-            tick = 1000;
-            break;
-
-            /* option1 */
-        case SC_STONE:         /* 石化 */
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-                int  sc_def = battle_get_mdef (bl) * 200;
-                tick = tick - sc_def;
-            }
-            val3 = tick / 1000;
-            if (val3 < 1)
-                val3 = 1;
-            tick = 5000;
-            val2 = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_SLEEP:         /* �眠 */
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-//              int sc_def = 100 - (battle_get_int(bl) + battle_get_luk(bl)/3);
-//              tick = tick * sc_def / 100;
-//              if(tick < 1000) tick = 1000;
-                tick = 30000;   //�眠�ステータス�性�関�ら�30秒
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_FREEZE:        /* �� */
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-                int  sc_def = 100 - battle_get_mdef (bl);
-                tick = tick * sc_def / 100;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_STAN:          /* スタン（val2�ミリ秒セット） */
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-                int  sc_def =
-                    100 - (battle_get_vit (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 3);
-                tick = tick * sc_def / 100;
-            }
             break;
 
             /* option2 */
-        case SC_POISON:        /* 毒 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-                int  sc_def =
-                    100 - (battle_get_vit (bl) + battle_get_luk (bl) / 5);
-                tick = tick * sc_def / 100;
-            }
-            val3 = tick / 1000;
-            if (val3 < 1)
-                val3 = 1;
-            tick = 1000;
-            break;
-        case SC_SILENCE:       /* 沈黙（レックスデビーナ） */
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-                int  sc_def = 100 - battle_get_vit (bl);
-                tick = tick * sc_def / 100;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_BLIND:         /* æš—é»’ */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (!(flag & 2))
-            {
-                int  sc_def =
-                    battle_get_lv (bl) / 10 + battle_get_int (bl) / 15;
-                tick = 30000 - sc_def;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_CURSE:
+        case StatusChange::SC_POISON:        /* 毒 */
             calc_flag = 1;
-            if (!(flag & 2))
             {
-                int  sc_def = 100 - battle_get_vit (bl);
+                int sc_def =
+                    100 - (battle_get_vit(bl) + battle_get_luk(bl) / 5);
                 tick = tick * sc_def / 100;
             }
-            break;
-
-            /* option */
-        case SC_HIDING:        /* �イディング */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                val2 = tick / 1000; /* �続時間 */
-                tick = 1000;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_CHASEWALK:
-        case SC_CLOAKING:      /* クローキング */
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-                val2 = tick;
-            else
-                tick = 5000 * val1;
-            break;
-        case SC_SIGHT:         /* サイト/ルアフ */
-        case SC_RUWACH:
-            val2 = tick / 250;
-            tick = 10;
-            break;
-
-            /* セーフティウォール�ニューマ */
-        case SC_SAFETYWALL:
-        case SC_PNEUMA:
-            tick = ((struct skill_unit *) val2)->group->limit;
-            break;
-
-            /* アンクル */
-        case SC_ANKLE:
-            break;
-
-            /* ウォーターボール */
-        case SC_WATERBALL:
-            tick = 150;
-            if (val1 > 5)       //レベル�5以上�場��25発�制�(1発目����打��る��-1)
-                val3 = 5 * 5 - 1;
-            else
-                val3 = (val1 | 1) * (val1 | 1) - 1;
-            break;
-
-            /* スキル�ゃ��/時間�関係��� */
-        case SC_RIDING:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            tick = 600 * 1000;
-            break;
-        case SC_FALCON:
-        case SC_WEIGHT50:
-        case SC_WEIGHT90:
-        case SC_BROKNWEAPON:
-        case SC_BROKNARMOR:
-            tick = 600 * 1000;
-            break;
-
-        case SC_AUTOGUARD:
-        {
-            int  i, t;
-            for (i = val2 = 0; i < val1; i++)
-            {
-                t = 5 - (i >> 1);
-                val2 += (t < 0) ? 1 : t;
-            }
-        }
-            break;
 
-        case SC_DEFENDER:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = 5 + val1 * 15;
+            // huh?
+            tick = std::chrono::seconds(1);
             break;
 
-        case SC_KEEPING:
-        case SC_BARRIER:
-        case SC_HALLUCINATION:
-            break;
-        case SC_CONCENTRATION: /* コンセントレーション */
-            *opt3 |= 1;
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_TENSIONRELAX:  /* テンションリラックス */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-            {
-                tick = 10000;
-            }
-            break;
-        case SC_AURABLADE:     /* オーラブレード */
-        case SC_PARRYING:      /* パリイング */
-//      case SC_ASSUMPTIO:      /*  */
-        case SC_HEADCRUSH:     /* ヘッドクラッシュ */
-        case SC_JOINTBEAT:     /* ジョイントビート */
-//      case SC_MARIONETTE:     /* マリオ�ットコントロール */
-
-            //�り���手抜�
+        case StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT50:
+        case StatusChange::SC_WEIGHT90:
+        case StatusChange::SC_BROKNWEAPON:
+        case StatusChange::SC_BROKNARMOR:
+            tick = std::chrono::minutes(10);
             break;
 
-// -- moonsoul  (for new upper class related skill status effects)
-/*
-		case SC_AURABLADE:
-			val2 = val1*10;
-			break;
-		case SC_PARRYING:
-			val2=val1*3;
-			break;
-		case SC_CONCENTRATION:
-			calc_flag=1;
-			val2=val1*10;
-			val3=val1*5;
-			break;
-		case SC_TENSIONRELAX:
-//			val2 = 10;
-//			val3 = 15;
-			break;
-		case SC_BERSERK:
-			calc_flag=1;
-			break;
-		case SC_ASSUMPTIO:
-			if(sc_data[SC_KYRIE].timer!=-1 )
-				skill_status_change_end(bl,SC_KYRIE,-1);
-				break;
-*/
-        case SC_WINDWALK:      /* ウインドウォーク */
+        case StatusChange::SC_HASTE:
             calc_flag = 1;
-            val2 = (val1 / 2);  //Flee上昇率
             break;
-        case SC_BERSERK:       /* �ーサーク */
-            if (sd)
-            {
-                sd->status.sp = 0;
-                clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_SP);
-                clif_status_change (bl, SC_INCREASEAGI, 1); /* アイコン表示 */
-            }
-            *opt3 |= 128;
-            tick = 1000;
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_ASSUMPTIO:     /* アスムプティオ */
-            *opt3 |= 2048;
+        case StatusChange::SC_PHYS_SHIELD:
+        case StatusChange::SC_MBARRIER:
+        case StatusChange::SC_HALT_REGENERATE:
+        case StatusChange::SC_HIDE:
             break;
-        case SC_MARIONETTE:    /* マリオ�ットコントロール */
-            *opt3 |= 1024;
-            break;
-        case SC_MELTDOWN:      /* メルトダウン */
-        case SC_CARTBOOST:     /* カートブースト */
-        case SC_TRUESIGHT:     /* トゥルーサイト */
-        case SC_SPIDERWEB:     /* スパイダーウェッブ */
-        case SC_MAGICPOWER:    /* 魔法力増幅 */
-            calc_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_REJECTSWORD:   /* リジェクトソード */
-            val2 = 3;           //3回攻撃を跳�返�
-            break;
-        case SC_MEMORIZE:      /* メモライズ */
-            val2 = 3;           //3回詠唱を1/3��る
-            break;
-        case SC_GRAFFITI:      /* グラフィティ */
-        {
-            struct skill_unit_group *sg =
-                skill_unitsetting (bl, RG_GRAFFITI, val1, val2, val3, 0);
-            if (sg)
-                val4 = (int) sg;
-        }
-            break;
-        case SC_HASTE:
-            calc_flag = 1;
-        case SC_SPLASHER:      /* ベナムスプラッシャー */
-        case SC_PHYS_SHIELD:
-        case SC_MBARRIER:
-        case SC_HALT_REGENERATE:
-        case SC_HIDE:
-            break;
-        case SC_FLYING_BACKPACK:
-            updateflag = SP_WEIGHT;
+        case StatusChange::SC_FLYING_BACKPACK:
+            updateflag = SP::WEIGHT;
             break;
         default:
             if (battle_config.error_log)
-                printf ("UnknownStatusChange [%d]\n", type);
+                PRINTF("UnknownStatusChange [%d]\n", type);
             return 0;
     }
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && type < SC_SENDMAX)
-        clif_status_change (bl, type, 1);   /* アイコン表示 */
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && type < StatusChange::SC_SENDMAX)
+        clif_status_change(bl, type, 1);   /* アイコン表示 */
 
     /* option�変更 */
     switch (type)
     {
-        case SC_STONE:
-        case SC_FREEZE:
-        case SC_STAN:
-        case SC_SLEEP:
-            battle_stopattack (bl); /* 攻撃�止 */
-            skill_stop_dancing (bl, 0); /* 演�/ダンス�中断 */
-            {                   /* �時�掛�ら��ステータス異常を解除 */
-                int  i;
-                for (i = SC_STONE; i <= SC_SLEEP; i++)
-                {
-                    if (sc_data[i].timer != -1)
-                    {
-                        (*sc_count)--;
-                        delete_timer (sc_data[i].timer,
-                                      skill_status_change_timer);
-                        sc_data[i].timer = -1;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            if (type == SC_STONE)
-                *opt1 = 6;
-            else
-                *opt1 = type - SC_STONE + 1;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_POISON:
-            if (sc_data[SC_SLOWPOISON].timer == -1)
+        case StatusChange::SC_POISON:
+            if (!sc_data[StatusChange::SC_SLOWPOISON].timer)
             {
-                *opt2 |= 0x1;
+                *opt2 |= Opt2::_poison;
                 opt_flag = 1;
             }
             break;
 
-        case SC_CURSE:
-        case SC_SILENCE:
-        case SC_BLIND:
-            *opt2 |= 1 << (type - SC_POISON);
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_SLOWPOISON:
-            *opt2 &= ~0x1;
-            *opt2 |= 0x200;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS:
-            *opt2 |= 0x40;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_HIDING:
-        case SC_CLOAKING:
-            battle_stopattack (bl); /* 攻撃�止 */
-            *option |= ((type == SC_HIDING) ? 2 : 4);
+        case StatusChange::SC_SLOWPOISON:
+            *opt2 &= ~Opt2::_poison;
+            *opt2 |= Opt2::_slowpoison;
             opt_flag = 1;
             break;
-        case SC_CHASEWALK:
-            battle_stopattack (bl); /* 攻撃�止 */
-            *option |= 16388;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_SIGHT:
-            *option |= 1;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_RUWACH:
-            *option |= 8192;
-            opt_flag = 1;
-            break;
-        case SC_WEDDING:
-            *option |= 4096;
-            opt_flag = 1;
     }
 
     if (opt_flag)               /* option�変更 */
-        clif_changeoption (bl);
+        clif_changeoption(bl);
 
     (*sc_count)++;              /* ステータス異常�数 */
 
     sc_data[type].val1 = val1;
-    sc_data[type].val2 = val2;
-    sc_data[type].val3 = val3;
-    sc_data[type].val4 = val4;
     if (sc_data[type].spell_invocation) // Supplant by newer spell
-        spell_effect_report_termination (sc_data[type].spell_invocation,
+        spell_effect_report_termination(sc_data[type].spell_invocation,
                                          bl->id, type, 1);
 
     sc_data[type].spell_invocation = spell_invocation;
 
     /* タイマー設定 */
-    sc_data[type].timer =
-        add_timer (gettick () + tick, skill_status_change_timer, bl->id,
-                   type);
+    sc_data[type].timer = Timer(gettick() + tick,
+            std::bind(skill_status_change_timer, ph::_1, ph::_2,
+                bl->id, type));
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && calc_flag)
-        pc_calcstatus (sd, 0);  /* ステータス�計算 */
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && calc_flag)
+        pc_calcstatus(sd, 0);  /* ステータス�計算 */
 
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && updateflag)
-        clif_updatestatus (sd, updateflag); /* ステータスをクライアント��る */
+    if (bl->type == BL::PC && updateflag != SP::ZERO)
+        clif_updatestatus(sd, updateflag); /* ステータスをクライアント��る */
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -10811,82 +1164,49 @@ int skill_status_effect (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val1, int val2,
  * ステータス異常全解除
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int skill_status_change_clear (struct block_list *bl, int type)
-{
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    short *sc_count, *option, *opt1, *opt2, *opt3;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, sc_count = battle_get_sc_count (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, option = battle_get_option (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt1 = battle_get_opt1 (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt2 = battle_get_opt2 (bl));
-    nullpo_retr (0, opt3 = battle_get_opt3 (bl));
+int skill_status_change_clear(struct block_list *bl, int type)
+{
+    eptr<struct status_change, StatusChange> sc_data;
+    short *sc_count;
+    Option *option;
+    Opt1 *opt1;
+    Opt2 *opt2;
+    Opt3 *opt3;
+
+    nullpo_ret(bl);
+    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data(bl);
+    if (not sc_data)
+        return 0;
+    sc_count = battle_get_sc_count(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(sc_count);
+    option = battle_get_option(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(option);
+    opt1 = battle_get_opt1(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(opt1);
+    opt2 = battle_get_opt2(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(opt2);
+    opt3 = battle_get_opt3(bl);
+    nullpo_ret(opt3);
 
     if (*sc_count == 0)
         return 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_STATUSCHANGE; i++)
+    for (StatusChange i : erange(StatusChange(), StatusChange::MAX_STATUSCHANGE))
     {
-        if (sc_data[i].timer != -1)
-        {                       /* 異常��る�らタイマーを削除�る */
-/*
-			delete_timer(sc_data[i].timer, skill_status_change_timer);
-			sc_data[i].timer = -1;
-
-			if (!type && i < SC_SENDMAX)
-				clif_status_change(bl, i, 0);
-*/
-
-            skill_status_change_end (bl, i, -1);
-        }
+        if (sc_data[i].timer)
+            skill_status_change_end(bl, i, nullptr);
     }
     *sc_count = 0;
-    *opt1 = 0;
-    *opt2 = 0;
-    *opt3 = 0;
-    *option &= OPTION_MASK;
-
-    if (night_flag == 1 && type == BL_PC)   // by [Yor]
-        *opt2 |= STATE_BLIND;
+    *opt1 = Opt1::ZERO;
+    *opt2 = Opt2::ZERO;
+    *opt3 = Opt3::ZERO;
+    *option = Option::ZERO;
 
-    if (!type || type & 2)
-        clif_changeoption (bl);
+    if (type == 0 || type & 2)
+        clif_changeoption(bl);
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-/* クローキング検査（周り�移動��能地帯��る�） */
-int skill_check_cloaking (struct block_list *bl)
-{
-    struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-    static int dx[] = { -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 0, 1 };
-    static int dy[] = { -1, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 };
-    int  end = 1, i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (pc_checkskill (sd, AS_CLOAKING) > 2)
-        return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC && battle_config.pc_cloak_check_type & 1)
-        return 0;
-    if (bl->type == BL_MOB && battle_config.monster_cloak_check_type & 1)
-        return 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < sizeof (dx) / sizeof (dx[0]); i++)
-    {
-        int  c = map_getcell (bl->m, bl->x + dx[i], bl->y + dy[i]);
-        if (c == 1 || c == 5)
-            end = 0;
-    }
-    if (end)
-    {
-        skill_status_change_end (bl, SC_CLOAKING, -1);
-        *battle_get_option (bl) &= ~4;  /* 念����処� */
-    }
-    return end;
-}
-
 /*
  *----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * スキルユニット
@@ -10894,891 +1214,18 @@ int skill_check_cloaking (struct block_list *bl)
  */
 
 /*==========================================
- * 演�/ダンススキル����判定
- * 引数 スキルID
- * 戻り ダンス�ゃ��=0 ��=2 �れ以外�ダンス=1
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_is_danceskill (int id)
-{
-    int  i;
-    switch (id)
-    {
-        case BD_LULLABY:       /* �守歌 */
-        case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-        case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-        case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-        case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-        case BD_ROKISWEIL:     /* ロキ��� */
-        case BD_INTOABYSS:     /* 深淵�中� */
-        case BD_SIEGFRIED:     /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-        case BD_RAGNAROK:      /* 神々�黄� */
-        case CG_MOONLIT:       /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら */
-            i = 2;
-            break;
-        case BA_DISSONANCE:    /* ��和音 */
-        case BA_FROSTJOKE:     /* 寒�ジョーク */
-        case BA_WHISTLE:       /* �笛 */
-        case BA_ASSASSINCROSS: /* 夕陽�アサシンクロス */
-        case BA_POEMBRAGI:     /* ブラギ�詩 */
-        case BA_APPLEIDUN:     /* イドゥン�林檎 */
-        case DC_UGLYDANCE:     /* 自分�手�ダンス */
-        case DC_SCREAM:        /* スクリーム */
-        case DC_HUMMING:       /* �ミング */
-        case DC_DONTFORGETME:  /* �を忘れ���… */
-        case DC_FORTUNEKISS:   /* 幸��キス */
-        case DC_SERVICEFORYOU: /* サービスフォーユー */
-            i = 1;
-            break;
-        default:
-            i = 0;
-    }
-    return i;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * 演�/ダンスをや�る
  * flag 1���中�ら相方�ユニットを任�る
  *
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void skill_stop_dancing (struct block_list *src, int flag)
-{
-    struct status_change *sc_data;
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-
-    nullpo_retv (src);
-
-    sc_data = battle_get_sc_data (src);
-    if (sc_data && sc_data[SC_DANCING].timer == -1)
-        return;
-    group = (struct skill_unit_group *) sc_data[SC_DANCING].val2;   //ダンス�スキルユニットID�val2�入��る
-    if (group && src->type == BL_PC && sc_data && sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4)
-    {                           //��中断
-        struct map_session_data *dsd = map_id2sd (sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4);    //相方�sd�得
-        if (flag)
-        {                       //ログアウト��片方����も演��継続�れる
-            if (dsd && src->id == group->src_id)
-            {                   //グループを���るPC���る
-                group->src_id = sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4;   //相方�グループを任�る
-                if (flag & 1)   //ログアウト
-                    dsd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4 = 0;  //相方�相方を0�����終了→通常�ダンス状態
-                if (flag & 2)   //�エ飛���
-                    return;     //��もダンス状態も終了����＆スキルユニット�置����り
-            }
-            else if (dsd && dsd->bl.id == group->src_id)
-            {                   //相方�グループを����るPC���る(自分�グループを������)
-                if (flag & 1)   //ログアウト
-                    dsd->sc_data[SC_DANCING].val4 = 0;  //相方�相方を0�����終了→通常�ダンス状態
-                if (flag & 2)   //�エ飛���
-                    return;     //��もダンス状態も終了����＆スキルユニット�置����り
-            }
-            skill_status_change_end (src, SC_DANCING, -1);  //自分�ステータスを終了��る
-            //���グループ�消���＆消�����ステータス計算も�ら��？
-            return;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (dsd && src->id == group->src_id)
-            {                   //グループを���るPC�止�る
-                skill_status_change_end ((struct block_list *) dsd, SC_DANCING, -1);    //相手�ステータスを終了��る
-            }
-            if (dsd && dsd->bl.id == group->src_id)
-            {                   //相方�グループを����るPC�止�る(自分�グループを������)
-                skill_status_change_end (src, SC_DANCING, -1);  //自分�ステータスを終了��る
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (flag & 2 && group && src->type == BL_PC)
-    {                           //�エ�飛ん������ユニットも飛�
-        struct map_session_data *sd = (struct map_session_data *) src;
-        skill_unit_move_unit_group (group, sd->bl.m, (sd->to_x - sd->bl.x),
-                                    (sd->to_y - sd->bl.y));
-        return;
-    }
-    skill_delunitgroup (group);
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-        pc_calcstatus ((struct map_session_data *) src, 0);
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット�期化
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-struct skill_unit *skill_initunit (struct skill_unit_group *group, int idx,
-                                   int x, int y)
-{
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, group);
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, unit = &group->unit[idx]);
-
-    if (!unit->alive)
-        group->alive_count++;
-
-    unit->bl.id = map_addobject (&unit->bl);
-    unit->bl.type = BL_SKILL;
-    unit->bl.m = group->map;
-    unit->bl.x = x;
-    unit->bl.y = y;
-    unit->group = group;
-    unit->val1 = unit->val2 = 0;
-    unit->alive = 1;
-
-    map_addblock (&unit->bl);
-    clif_skill_setunit (unit);
-    return unit;
-}
-
-int  skill_unit_timer_sub_ondelete (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap);
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_delunit (struct skill_unit *unit)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-    int  range;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit);
-    if (!unit->alive)
-        return 0;
-    nullpo_retr (0, group = unit->group);
-
-    /* onlimitイベント呼�出� */
-    skill_unit_onlimit (unit, gettick ());
-
-    /* ondeleteイベント呼�出� */
-    range = group->range;
-    map_foreachinarea (skill_unit_timer_sub_ondelete, unit->bl.m,
-                       unit->bl.x - range, unit->bl.y - range,
-                       unit->bl.x + range, unit->bl.y + range, 0, &unit->bl,
-                       gettick ());
-
-    clif_skill_delunit (unit);
-
-    unit->group = NULL;
-    unit->alive = 0;
-    map_delobjectnofree (unit->bl.id, BL_SKILL);
-    if (group->alive_count > 0 && (--group->alive_count) <= 0)
-        skill_delunitgroup (group);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットグループ�期化
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static int skill_unit_group_newid = 10;
-struct skill_unit_group *skill_initunitgroup (struct block_list *src,
-                                              int count, int skillid,
-                                              int skilllv, int unit_id)
-{
-    int  i;
-    struct skill_unit_group *group = NULL, *list = NULL;
-    int  maxsug = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (NULL, src);
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        list = ((struct map_session_data *) src)->skillunit;
-        maxsug = MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP;
-    }
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        list = ((struct mob_data *) src)->skillunit;
-        maxsug = MAX_MOBSKILLUNITGROUP;
-    }
-    if (list)
-    {
-        for (i = 0; i < maxsug; i++)    /* 空���るも�検索 */
-            if (list[i].group_id == 0)
-            {
-                group = &list[i];
-                break;
-            }
-
-        if (group == NULL)
-        {                       /* 空��������も�検索 */
-            int  j = 0;
-            unsigned maxdiff = 0, x, tick = gettick ();
-            for (i = 0; i < maxsug; i++)
-                if ((x = DIFF_TICK (tick, list[i].tick)) > maxdiff)
-                {
-                    maxdiff = x;
-                    j = i;
-                }
-            skill_delunitgroup (&list[j]);
-            group = &list[j];
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (group == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("skill_initunitgroup: error unit group !\n");
-        exit (1);
-    }
-
-    group->src_id = src->id;
-    group->party_id = battle_get_party_id (src);
-    group->guild_id = battle_get_guild_id (src);
-    group->group_id = skill_unit_group_newid++;
-    if (skill_unit_group_newid <= 0)
-        skill_unit_group_newid = 10;
-    CREATE (group->unit, struct skill_unit, count);
-    group->unit_count = count;
-    group->val1 = group->val2 = 0;
-    group->skill_id = skillid;
-    group->skill_lv = skilllv;
-    group->unit_id = unit_id;
-    group->map = src->m;
-    group->range = 0;
-    group->limit = 10000;
-    group->interval = 1000;
-    group->tick = gettick ();
-    group->valstr = NULL;
-
-    if (skill_is_danceskill (skillid))
-    {
-        struct map_session_data *sd = NULL;
-        if (src->type == BL_PC && (sd = (struct map_session_data *) src))
-        {
-            sd->skillid_dance = skillid;
-            sd->skilllv_dance = skilllv;
-        }
-        skill_status_change_start (src, SC_DANCING, skillid, (int) group, 0,
-                                   0, skill_get_time (skillid,
-                                                      skilllv) + 1000, 0);
-        switch (skillid)
-        {                       //��スキル�相方をダンス状態��る
-            case BD_LULLABY:   /* �守歌 */
-            case BD_RICHMANKIM:    /* ニヨルド�宴 */
-            case BD_ETERNALCHAOS:  /* 永��混沌 */
-            case BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD:   /* 戦太鼓�響� */
-            case BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN:    /* ニーベルング�指輪 */
-            case BD_ROKISWEIL: /* ロキ��� */
-            case BD_INTOABYSS: /* 深淵�中� */
-            case BD_SIEGFRIED: /* �死身�ジークフリード */
-            case BD_RAGNAROK:  /* 神々�黄� */
-            case CG_MOONLIT:   /* 月明り�泉���る花�ら */
-            {
-                int  range = 1;
-                int  c = 0;
-                if (sd)
-                {
-                    map_foreachinarea (skill_check_condition_use_sub,
-                                       sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x - range,
-                                       sd->bl.y - range, sd->bl.x + range,
-                                       sd->bl.y + range, BL_PC, &sd->bl, &c);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return group;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットグループ削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_delunitgroup (struct skill_unit_group *group)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, group);
-    if (group->unit_count <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    src = map_id2bl (group->src_id);
-    if (skill_is_danceskill (group->skill_id))
-    {                           //ダンススキル�ダンス状態を解除�る
-        if (src)
-            skill_status_change_end (src, SC_DANCING, -1);
-    }
-
-    group->alive_count = 0;
-    if (group->unit != NULL)
-    {
-        for (i = 0; i < group->unit_count; i++)
-            if (group->unit[i].alive)
-                skill_delunit (&group->unit[i]);
-    }
-    if (group->valstr != NULL)
-    {
-        map_freeblock (group->valstr);
-        group->valstr = NULL;
-    }
-
-    map_freeblock (group->unit);    /* free()�替�り */
-    group->unit = NULL;
-    group->src_id = 0;
-    group->group_id = 0;
-    group->unit_count = 0;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットグループ全削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_clear_unitgroup (struct block_list *src)
-{
-    struct skill_unit_group *group = NULL;
-    int  maxsug = 0;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, src);
-
-    if (src->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        group = ((struct map_session_data *) src)->skillunit;
-        maxsug = MAX_SKILLUNITGROUP;
-    }
-    else if (src->type == BL_MOB)
-    {
-        group = ((struct mob_data *) src)->skillunit;
-        maxsug = MAX_MOBSKILLUNITGROUP;
-    }
-    if (group)
-    {
-        int  i;
-        for (i = 0; i < maxsug; i++)
-            if (group[i].group_id > 0 && group[i].src_id == src->id)
-                skill_delunitgroup (&group[i]);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットグループ�被影響tick検索
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-struct skill_unit_group_tickset *skill_unitgrouptickset_search (struct
-                                                                block_list
-                                                                *bl,
-                                                                int group_id)
+void skill_stop_dancing(struct block_list *, int)
 {
-    int  i, j = 0, k, s = group_id % MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET;
-    struct skill_unit_group_tickset *set = NULL;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        set = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skillunittick;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        set = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->skillunittick;
-    }
-    if (set == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET; i++)
-        if (set[(k = (i + s) % MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET)].group_id ==
-            group_id)
-            return &set[k];
-        else if (set[k].group_id == 0)
-            j = k;
-
-    return &set[j];
+    // TODO remove this
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットグループ�被影響tick削除
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_unitgrouptickset_delete (struct block_list *bl, int group_id)
-{
-    int  i, s = group_id % MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET;
-    struct skill_unit_group_tickset *set = NULL, *ts;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->type == BL_PC)
-    {
-        set = ((struct map_session_data *) bl)->skillunittick;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        set = ((struct mob_data *) bl)->skillunittick;
-    }
-
-    if (set != NULL)
-    {
-
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET; i++)
-            if ((ts =
-                 &set[(i + s) % MAX_SKILLUNITGROUPTICKSET])->group_id ==
-                group_id)
-                ts->group_id = 0;
-
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットタイマー発動処�用(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_timer_sub_onplace (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    struct skill_unit *su;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *);
-
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-    su = (struct skill_unit *) src;
-
-    if (su && su->alive)
-    {
-        struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-        sg = su->group;
-        if (sg && battle_check_target (src, bl, sg->target_flag) > 0)
-            skill_unit_onplace (su, bl, tick);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットタイマー削除処�用(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_unit_timer_sub_ondelete (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct block_list *src;
-    struct skill_unit *su;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *);
-
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-    su = (struct skill_unit *) src;
-
-    if (su && su->alive)
-    {
-        struct skill_unit_group *sg;
-        sg = su->group;
-        if (sg && battle_check_target (src, bl, sg->target_flag) > 0)
-            skill_unit_ondelete (su, bl, tick);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットタイマー処�用(foreachobject)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_timer_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-    int  range;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = (struct skill_unit *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, group = unit->group);
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (!unit->alive)
-        return 0;
-
-    range = (unit->range != 0) ? unit->range : group->range;
-
-    /* onplaceイベント呼�出� */
-    if (unit->alive && unit->range >= 0)
-    {
-        map_foreachinarea (skill_unit_timer_sub_onplace, bl->m,
-                           bl->x - range, bl->y - range, bl->x + range,
-                           bl->y + range, 0, bl, tick);
-        if (group->unit_id == 0xaa
-            && DIFF_TICK (tick, group->tick) >= 6000 * group->val2)
-        {
-            map_foreachinarea (skill_idun_heal, bl->m,
-                               bl->x - range, bl->y - range, bl->x + range,
-                               bl->y + range, 0, unit);
-            group->val2++;
-        }
-    }
-    /* 時間切れ削除 */
-    if (unit->alive &&
-        (DIFF_TICK (tick, group->tick) >= group->limit
-         || DIFF_TICK (tick, group->tick) >= unit->limit))
-    {
-        switch (group->unit_id)
-        {
-
-            case 0x8f:         /* ブラストマイン */
-                group->unit_id = 0x8c;
-                clif_changelook (bl, LOOK_BASE, group->unit_id);
-                group->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick + 1500, group->tick);
-                unit->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick + 1500, group->tick);
-                break;
-            case 0x90:         /* スキッドトラップ */
-            case 0x91:         /* アンクルス�ア */
-            case 0x93:         /* ランドマイン */
-            case 0x94:         /* ショックウェーブトラップ */
-            case 0x95:         /* サンドマン */
-            case 0x96:         /* フラッシャー */
-            case 0x97:         /* フリージングトラップ */
-            case 0x98:         /* クレイモアートラップ */
-            case 0x99:         /* トーキーボックス */
-            {
-                struct block_list *src = map_id2bl (group->src_id);
-                if (group->unit_id == 0x91 && group->val2);
-                else
-                {
-                    if (src && src->type == BL_PC)
-                    {
-                        struct item item_tmp;
-                        memset (&item_tmp, 0, sizeof (item_tmp));
-                        item_tmp.nameid = 1065;
-                        item_tmp.identify = 1;
-                        map_addflooritem (&item_tmp, 1, bl->m, bl->x, bl->y, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);  // 罠返還
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            default:
-                skill_delunit (unit);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (group->unit_id == 0x8d)
-    {
-        unit->val1 -= 5;
-        if (unit->val1 <= 0 && unit->limit + group->tick > tick + 700)
-            unit->limit = DIFF_TICK (tick + 700, group->tick);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニットタイマー処�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-void skill_unit_timer (timer_id tid, tick_t tick, custom_id_t id, custom_data_t data)
-{
-    map_freeblock_lock ();
-
-    map_foreachobject (skill_unit_timer_sub, BL_SKILL, tick);
-
-    map_freeblock_unlock ();
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット移動時処�用(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_out_all_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  range;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = (struct skill_unit *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, group = unit->group);
-
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (!unit->alive || src->prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    range = (unit->range != 0) ? unit->range : group->range;
-
-    if (range < 0 || battle_check_target (bl, src, group->target_flag) <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (src->x >= bl->x - range && src->x <= bl->x + range &&
-        src->y >= bl->y - range && src->y <= bl->y + range)
-        skill_unit_onout (unit, src, tick);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット移動時処�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_unit_out_all (struct block_list *bl, unsigned int tick, int range)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (range < 7)
-        range = 7;
-    map_foreachinarea (skill_unit_out_all_sub,
-                       bl->m, bl->x - range, bl->y - range, bl->x + range,
-                       bl->y + range, BL_SKILL, bl, tick);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット移動時処�用(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_move_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  range;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = (struct skill_unit *) bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (!unit->alive || src->prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((group = unit->group) == NULL)
-        return 0;
-    range = (unit->range != 0) ? unit->range : group->range;
-
-    if (range < 0 || battle_check_target (bl, src, group->target_flag) <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (src->x >= bl->x - range && src->x <= bl->x + range &&
-        src->y >= bl->y - range && src->y <= bl->y + range)
-        skill_unit_onplace (unit, src, tick);
-    else
-        skill_unit_onout (unit, src, tick);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット移動時処�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_unit_move (struct block_list *bl, unsigned int tick, int range)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-
-    if (bl->prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (range < 7)
-        range = 7;
-    map_foreachinarea (skill_unit_move_sub,
-                       bl->m, bl->x - range, bl->y - range, bl->x + range,
-                       bl->y + range, BL_SKILL, bl, tick);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット自体�移動時処�(foreachinarea)
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-static
-int skill_unit_move_unit_group_sub (struct block_list *bl, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct skill_unit *unit;
-    struct skill_unit_group *group;
-    struct block_list *src;
-    int  range;
-    unsigned int tick;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, bl);
-    nullpo_retr (0, ap);
-    nullpo_retr (0, src = va_arg (ap, struct block_list *));
-    nullpo_retr (0, unit = (struct skill_unit *) src);
-    nullpo_retr (0, group = unit->group);
-
-    tick = va_arg (ap, unsigned int);
-
-    if (!unit->alive || bl->prev == NULL)
-        return 0;
-
-    range = (unit->range != 0) ? unit->range : group->range;
-
-    if (range < 0 || battle_check_target (src, bl, group->target_flag) <= 0)
-        return 0;
-    if (bl->x >= src->x - range && bl->x <= src->x + range &&
-        bl->y >= src->y - range && bl->y <= src->y + range)
-        skill_unit_onplace (unit, bl, tick);
-    else
-        skill_unit_onout (unit, bl, tick);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * スキルユニット自体�移動時処�
- * 引数�グループ�移動�
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int skill_unit_move_unit_group (struct skill_unit_group *group, int m, int dx,
-                                int dy)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (0, group);
-
-    if (group->unit_count <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (group->unit != NULL)
-    {
-        if (!battle_config.unit_movement_type)
-        {
-            int  i;
-            for (i = 0; i < group->unit_count; i++)
-            {
-                struct skill_unit *unit = &group->unit[i];
-                if (unit->alive && !(m == unit->bl.m && dx == 0 && dy == 0))
-                {
-                    int  range = unit->range;
-                    map_delblock (&unit->bl);
-                    unit->bl.m = m;
-                    unit->bl.x += dx;
-                    unit->bl.y += dy;
-                    map_addblock (&unit->bl);
-                    clif_skill_setunit (unit);
-                    if (range > 0)
-                    {
-                        if (range < 7)
-                            range = 7;
-                        map_foreachinarea (skill_unit_move_unit_group_sub,
-                                           unit->bl.m, unit->bl.x - range,
-                                           unit->bl.y - range,
-                                           unit->bl.x + range,
-                                           unit->bl.y + range, 0, &unit->bl,
-                                           gettick ());
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            int  i, j, *r_flag, *s_flag, *m_flag;
-            struct skill_unit *unit1;
-            struct skill_unit *unit2;
-            r_flag = (int *) malloc (sizeof (int) * group->unit_count);
-            s_flag = (int *) malloc (sizeof (int) * group->unit_count);
-            m_flag = (int *) malloc (sizeof (int) * group->unit_count);
-            memset (r_flag, 0, sizeof (int) * group->unit_count);   // 継承フラグ
-            memset (s_flag, 0, sizeof (int) * group->unit_count);   // 継承フラグ
-            memset (m_flag, 0, sizeof (int) * group->unit_count);   // 継承フラグ
-
-            //先�フラグを全部決�る
-            for (i = 0; i < group->unit_count; i++)
-            {
-                int  move_check = 0;    // ��りフラグ
-                unit1 = &group->unit[i];
-                for (j = 0; j < group->unit_count; j++)
-                {
-                    unit2 = &group->unit[j];
-                    if (unit1->bl.m == m && unit1->bl.x + dx == unit2->bl.x
-                        && unit1->bl.y + dy == unit2->bl.y)
-                    {
-                        //移動先�ユニット������ら
-                        s_flag[i] = 1;  // 移動��ユニットナン�ー�継承フラグon
-                        r_flag[j] = 1;  // ��るユニットナン�ー�残留フラグon
-                        move_check = 1; //ユニット�����。
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (!move_check)    // ユニット���������ら
-                    m_flag[i] = 1;  // 移動�ユニットナン�ー�移動フラグon
-            }
-
-            //フラグ�基���ユニット移動
-            for (i = 0; i < group->unit_count; i++)
-            {
-                unit1 = &group->unit[i];
-                if (m_flag[i])
-                {               // 移動フラグ�on�
-                    if (!r_flag[i])
-                    {           // 残留フラグ�off�ら
-                        //�純移動(rangeも継承�必�無�)
-                        int  range = unit1->range;
-                        map_delblock (&unit1->bl);
-                        unit1->bl.m = m;
-                        unit1->bl.x += dx;
-                        unit1->bl.y += dy;
-                        map_addblock (&unit1->bl);
-                        clif_skill_setunit (unit1);
-                        if (range > 0)
-                        {
-                            if (range < 7)
-                                range = 7;
-                            map_foreachinarea (skill_unit_move_unit_group_sub,
-                                               unit1->bl.m,
-                                               unit1->bl.x - range,
-                                               unit1->bl.y - range,
-                                               unit1->bl.x + range,
-                                               unit1->bl.y + range, 0,
-                                               &unit1->bl, gettick ());
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {           // 残留フラグ�on�ら
-                        //空ユニット��る���継承�能�ユニットを探�
-                        for (j = 0; j < group->unit_count; j++)
-                        {
-                            unit2 = &group->unit[j];
-                            if (s_flag[j] && !r_flag[j])
-                            {
-                                // 継承移動(range継承付�)
-                                int  range = unit1->range;
-                                map_delblock (&unit2->bl);
-                                unit2->bl.m = m;
-                                unit2->bl.x = unit1->bl.x + dx;
-                                unit2->bl.y = unit1->bl.y + dy;
-                                unit2->range = unit1->range;
-                                map_addblock (&unit2->bl);
-                                clif_skill_setunit (unit2);
-                                if (range > 0)
-                                {
-                                    if (range < 7)
-                                        range = 7;
-                                    map_foreachinarea
-                                        (skill_unit_move_unit_group_sub,
-                                         unit2->bl.m, unit2->bl.x - range,
-                                         unit2->bl.y - range,
-                                         unit2->bl.x + range,
-                                         unit2->bl.y + range, 0, &unit2->bl,
-                                         gettick ());
-                                }
-                                s_flag[j] = 0;  // 継承完了����off
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            free (r_flag);
-            free (s_flag);
-            free (m_flag);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
+void skill_unit_timer_sub_ondelete(struct block_list *bl,
+        struct block_list *src, unsigned int tick);
 
 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  * アイテム��
@@ -11789,26 +1236,26 @@ int skill_unit_move_unit_group (struct skill_unit_group *group, int m, int dx,
  * �期化系
  */
 
-static int scan_stat (char *statname)
-{
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "str"))
-        return SP_STR;
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "dex"))
-        return SP_DEX;
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "agi"))
-        return SP_AGI;
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "vit"))
-        return SP_VIT;
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "int"))
-        return SP_INT;
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "luk"))
-        return SP_LUK;
-    if (!strcasecmp (statname, "none"))
-        return 0;
-
-    else
-        fprintf (stderr, "Unknown stat `%s'\n", statname);
-    return 0;
+static
+SP scan_stat(char *statname)
+{
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "str"))
+        return SP::STR;
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "dex"))
+        return SP::DEX;
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "agi"))
+        return SP::AGI;
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "vit"))
+        return SP::VIT;
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "int"))
+        return SP::INT;
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "luk"))
+        return SP::LUK;
+    if (!strcasecmp(statname, "none"))
+        return SP::ZERO;
+
+    FPRINTF(stderr, "Unknown stat `%s'\n", statname);
+    return SP::ZERO;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
@@ -11818,21 +1265,21 @@ static int scan_stat (char *statname)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
 static
-int skill_readdb (void)
+int skill_readdb(void)
 {
-    int  i, j, k, l;
+    int j, k;
     FILE *fp;
     char line[1024], *p;
 
     /* The main skill database */
-    memset (skill_db, 0, sizeof (skill_db));
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/skill_db.txt", "r");
+    memset(&skill_db, 0, sizeof(skill_db));
+    fp = fopen_("db/skill_db.txt", "r");
     if (fp == NULL)
     {
-        printf ("can't read db/skill_db.txt\n");
+        PRINTF("can't read db/skill_db.txt\n");
         return 1;
     }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
+    while (fgets(line, 1020, fp))
     {
         char *split[50], *split2[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
         if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
@@ -11842,414 +1289,97 @@ int skill_readdb (void)
             while (*p == '\t' || *p == ' ')
                 p++;
             split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
+            p = strchr(p, ',');
             if (p)
                 *p++ = 0;
         }
         if (split[17] == NULL || j < 18)
         {
-            fprintf (stderr, "Incomplete skill db data online (%d entries)\n",
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "Incomplete skill db data online (%d entries)\n",
                      j);
             continue;
         }
 
-        i = atoi (split[0]);
-        if (i < 0 || i > MAX_SKILL_DB)
+        SkillID i = SkillID(atoi(split[0]));
+        if (/*i < SkillID() ||*/ i > SkillID::MAX_SKILL_DB)
             continue;
 
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
+        memset(split2, 0, sizeof(split2));
         for (j = 0, p = split[1]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
         {
             split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
+            p = strchr(p, ':');
             if (p)
                 *p++ = 0;
         }
         for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
             skill_db[i].range[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-        skill_db[i].hit = atoi (split[2]);
-        skill_db[i].inf = atoi (split[3]);
-        skill_db[i].pl = atoi (split[4]);
-        skill_db[i].nk = atoi (split[5]);
-        skill_db[i].max_raise = atoi (split[6]);
-        skill_db[i].max = atoi (split[7]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
+                (split2[k]) ? atoi(split2[k]) : atoi(split2[0]);
+        skill_db[i].hit = atoi(split[2]);
+        skill_db[i].inf = atoi(split[3]);
+        skill_db[i].pl = atoi(split[4]);
+        skill_db[i].nk = atoi(split[5]);
+        skill_db[i].max_raise = atoi(split[6]);
+        skill_db[i].max = atoi(split[7]);
+
+        memset(split2, 0, sizeof(split2));
         for (j = 0, p = split[8]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
         {
             split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
+            p = strchr(p, ':');
             if (p)
                 *p++ = 0;
         }
         for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
             skill_db[i].num[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
+                (split2[k]) ? atoi(split2[k]) : atoi(split2[0]);
 
-        if (strcasecmp (split[9], "yes") == 0)
+        if (strcasecmp(split[9], "yes") == 0)
             skill_db[i].castcancel = 1;
         else
             skill_db[i].castcancel = 0;
-        skill_db[i].cast_def_rate = atoi (split[9]);
-        skill_db[i].inf2 = atoi (split[10]);
-        skill_db[i].maxcount = atoi (split[11]);
-        if (strcasecmp (split[13], "weapon") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].skill_type = BF_WEAPON;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[12], "magic") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].skill_type = BF_MAGIC;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[12], "misc") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].skill_type = BF_MISC;
-        else
-            skill_db[i].skill_type = 0;
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[14]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].blewcount[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
+        skill_db[i].cast_def_rate = atoi(split[10]);
+        skill_db[i].inf2 = atoi(split[11]);
+        skill_db[i].maxcount = atoi(split[12]);
+        // split[13] was one of: BF::WEAPON, BF::MAGIC, BF::MISC, BF::ZERO
+        memset(split2, 0, sizeof(split2));
+        // split[14] was colon-separated blow counts.
 
-        if (!strcasecmp (split[15], "passive"))
+        if (!strcasecmp(split[15], "passive"))
         {
-            skill_pool_register (i);
-            skill_db[i].poolflags = SKILL_POOL_FLAG;
+            skill_pool_register(i);
+            skill_db[i].poolflags = SkillFlags::POOL_FLAG;
         }
-        else if (!strcasecmp (split[15], "active"))
+        else if (!strcasecmp(split[15], "active"))
         {
-            skill_pool_register (i);
-            skill_db[i].poolflags = SKILL_POOL_FLAG | SKILL_POOL_ACTIVE;
+            skill_pool_register(i);
+            skill_db[i].poolflags = SkillFlags::POOL_FLAG | SkillFlags::POOL_ACTIVE;
         }
         else
-            skill_db[i].poolflags = 0;
+            skill_db[i].poolflags = SkillFlags::ZERO;
 
-        skill_db[i].stat = scan_stat (split[16]);
+        skill_db[i].stat = scan_stat(split[16]);
 
-        char *tmp = strdup (split[17]);
-        skill_names[i].desc = tmp;
-        {                       // replace "_" by " "
+        char *tmp = strdup(split[17]);
+        {
+            // replace "_" by " "
             char *s = tmp;
-            while ((s = strchr (s, '_')))
+            while ((s = strchr(s, '_')))
                 *s = ' ';
-            if ((s = strchr (tmp, '\t'))
-                || (s = strchr (tmp, ' '))
-                || (s = strchr (tmp, '\n')))
+            if ((s = strchr(tmp, '\t'))
+                || (s = strchr(tmp, ' '))
+                || (s = strchr(tmp, '\n')))
                 *s = '\000';
         }
+        skill_lookup_by_id(i).desc = tmp;
     }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/skill_db.txt done\n");
-
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/skill_require_db.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/skill_require_db.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[51], *split2[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 30 && p; j++)
-        {
-            while (*p == '\t' || *p == ' ')
-                p++;
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        if (split[29] == NULL || j < 30)
-            continue;
-
-        i = atoi (split[0]);
-        if (i < 0 || i > MAX_SKILL_DB)
-            continue;
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[1]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].hp[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[2]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].mhp[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[3]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].sp[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[4]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].hp_rate[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[5]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].sp_rate[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[6]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].zeny[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[7]; j < 32 && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < 32 && split2[k]; k++)
-        {
-            l = atoi (split2[k]);
-            if (l == 99)
-            {
-                skill_db[i].weapon = 0xffffffff;
-                break;
-            }
-            else
-                skill_db[i].weapon |= 1 << l;
-        }
-
-        if (strcasecmp (split[8], "hiding") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_HIDING;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "cloaking") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_CLOAKING;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "hidden") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_HIDDEN;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "riding") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_RIDING;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "falcon") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_FALCON;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "cart") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_CART;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "shield") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_SHIELD;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "sight") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_SIGHT;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "explosionspirits") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "recover_weight_rate") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_RECOV_WEIGHT_RATE;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "move_enable") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_MOVE_ENABLE;
-        else if (strcasecmp (split[8], "water") == 0)
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_WATER;
-        else
-            skill_db[i].state = ST_NONE;
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[9]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].spiritball[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[0] = atoi (split[10]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[0] = atoi (split[11]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[1] = atoi (split[12]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[1] = atoi (split[13]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[2] = atoi (split[14]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[2] = atoi (split[15]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[3] = atoi (split[16]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[3] = atoi (split[17]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[4] = atoi (split[18]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[4] = atoi (split[19]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[5] = atoi (split[20]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[5] = atoi (split[21]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[6] = atoi (split[22]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[6] = atoi (split[23]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[7] = atoi (split[24]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[7] = atoi (split[25]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[8] = atoi (split[26]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[8] = atoi (split[27]);
-        skill_db[i].itemid[9] = atoi (split[28]);
-        skill_db[i].amount[9] = atoi (split[29]);
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/skill_require_db.txt done\n");
-
-    /* ? */
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/skill_cast_db.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/skill_cast_db.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[50], *split2[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-        memset (split, 0, sizeof (split));  // [Valaris] thanks to fov
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 5 && p; j++)
-        {
-            while (*p == '\t' || *p == ' ')
-                p++;
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        if (split[4] == NULL || j < 5)
-            continue;
-
-        i = atoi (split[0]);
-        if (i < 0 || i > MAX_SKILL_DB)
-            continue;
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[1]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].cast[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[2]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].delay[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[3]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].upkeep_time[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[4]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].upkeep_time2[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/skill_cast_db.txt done\n");
-
-    fp = fopen_ ("db/skill_castnodex_db.txt", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("can't read db/skill_castnodex_db.txt\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 1020, fp))
-    {
-        char *split[50], *split2[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-        memset (split, 0, sizeof (split));
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-            continue;
-        for (j = 0, p = line; j < 2 && p; j++)
-        {
-            while (*p == '\t' || *p == ' ')
-                p++;
-            split[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ',');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-
-        i = atoi (split[0]);
-        if (i < 0 || i > MAX_SKILL_DB)
-            continue;
-
-        memset (split2, 0, sizeof (split2));
-        for (j = 0, p = split[1]; j < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL && p; j++)
-        {
-            split2[j] = p;
-            p = strchr (p, ':');
-            if (p)
-                *p++ = 0;
-        }
-        for (k = 0; k < MAX_SKILL_LEVEL; k++)
-            skill_db[i].castnodex[k] =
-                (split2[k]) ? atoi (split2[k]) : atoi (split2[0]);
-    }
-    fclose_ (fp);
-    printf ("read db/skill_castnodex_db.txt done\n");
+    fclose_(fp);
+    PRINTF("read db/skill_db.txt done\n");
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void skill_reload (void)
+void skill_reload(void)
 {
     /*
      *
@@ -12258,19 +1388,34 @@ void skill_reload (void)
      *
      */
 
-    do_init_skill ();
+    do_init_skill();
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * スキル関係�期化処�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int do_init_skill (void)
+int do_init_skill(void)
 {
-    skill_readdb ();
-
-    add_timer_interval (gettick () + SKILLUNITTIMER_INVERVAL,
-                        skill_unit_timer, 0, 0, SKILLUNITTIMER_INVERVAL);
+    skill_readdb();
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+constexpr size_t num_names = sizeof(skill_names) / sizeof(skill_names[0]);
+
+skill_name_db& skill_lookup_by_id(SkillID id)
+{
+    for (skill_name_db& ner : skill_names)
+        if (ner.id == id)
+            return ner;
+    return skill_names[num_names - 1];
+}
+
+skill_name_db& skill_lookup_by_name(const char *name)
+{
+    for (skill_name_db& ner : skill_names)
+        if (!strcasecmp(name, ner.name) || !strcasecmp(name, ner.desc))
+            return ner;
+    return skill_names[num_names - 1];
+}
diff --git a/src/map/skill.hpp b/src/map/skill.hpp
index 3dea4d3..a724781 100644
--- a/src/map/skill.hpp
+++ b/src/map/skill.hpp
@@ -1,892 +1,138 @@
-// $Id: skill.h,v 1.5 2004/09/25 05:32:19 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef SKILL_HPP
 #define SKILL_HPP
 
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
+#include "skill.t.hpp"
 
 #include "map.hpp"
-#include "magic.hpp"
 
-#define MAX_SKILL_DB			450
-#define MAX_SKILL_PRODUCE_DB	 150
-#define MAX_SKILL_ARROW_DB	 150
-#define MAX_SKILL_ABRA_DB	 350
-
-#define SKILL_POOL_FLAG		0x1 // is a pool skill
-#define SKILL_POOL_ACTIVE	0x2 // is an active pool skill
-#define SKILL_POOL_ACTIVATED	0x4 // pool skill has been activated (used for clif)
+constexpr int MAX_SKILL_PRODUCE_DB = 150;
+constexpr int MAX_SKILL_ARROW_DB = 150;
+constexpr int MAX_SKILL_ABRA_DB = 350;
 
 // スキルデータベース
 struct skill_db
 {
-    int  range[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], hit, inf, pl, nk, max, stat, poolflags, max_raise; // `max' is the global max, `max_raise' is the maximum attainable via skill-ups
-    int  num[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  cast[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], delay[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  upkeep_time[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], upkeep_time2[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  castcancel, cast_def_rate;
-    int  inf2, maxcount, skill_type;
-    int  blewcount[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  hp[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], sp[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], mhp[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL],
+    int range[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], hit, inf, pl, nk, max;
+    SP stat;
+    SkillFlags poolflags;
+    int max_raise; // `max' is the global max, `max_raise' is the maximum attainable via skill-ups
+    int num[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
+    int cast[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], delay[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
+    int upkeep_time[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], upkeep_time2[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
+    int castcancel, cast_def_rate;
+    int inf2, maxcount;
+    int hp[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], sp[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], mhp[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL],
         hp_rate[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL], sp_rate[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL],
         zeny[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  weapon, state, spiritball[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
-    int  itemid[10], amount[10];
-    int  castnodex[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
+    int weapon;
+    int itemid[10], amount[10];
+    int castnodex[MAX_SKILL_LEVEL];
 };
-extern struct skill_db skill_db[MAX_SKILL_DB];
+extern earray<struct skill_db, SkillID, SkillID::MAX_SKILL_DB> skill_db;
 
 struct skill_name_db
 {
-    int  id;                    // skill id
+    SkillID id;                    // skill id
     const char *name;                 // search strings
     const char *desc;                 // description that shows up for search's
 };
+
+// used only by @skillid for iteration - should be depublicized
 extern struct skill_name_db skill_names[];
 
+skill_name_db& skill_lookup_by_id(SkillID id);
+skill_name_db& skill_lookup_by_name(const char *name);
+
 struct block_list;
 struct map_session_data;
-struct skill_unit;
-struct skill_unit_group;
 
-int  do_init_skill (void);
+int do_init_skill(void);
 
 // スキルデータベース��アクセサ
-int  skill_get_hit (int id);
-int  skill_get_inf (int id);
-int  skill_get_pl (int id);
-int  skill_get_nk (int id);
-int  skill_get_max (int id);
-int  skill_get_max_raise (int id);
-int  skill_get_range (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_hp (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_mhp (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_sp (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_zeny (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_num (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_cast (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_delay (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_time (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_time2 (int id, int lv);
-int  skill_get_castdef (int id);
-int  skill_get_weapontype (int id);
-int  skill_get_unit_id (int id, int flag);
-int  skill_get_inf2 (int id);
-int  skill_get_maxcount (int id);
-int  skill_get_blewcount (int id, int lv);
-
-// スキル�使用
-int  skill_use_id (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id,
-                   int skill_num, int skill_lv);
-int  skill_use_pos (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                    int skill_x, int skill_y, int skill_num, int skill_lv);
-
-int  skill_castend_map (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill_num,
-                        const char *map);
-
-int  skill_cleartimerskill (struct block_list *src);
-int  skill_addtimerskill (struct block_list *src, unsigned int tick,
-                          int target, int x, int y, int skill_id,
-                          int skill_lv, int type, int flag);
+int skill_get_hit(SkillID id);
+int skill_get_inf(SkillID id);
+int skill_get_nk(SkillID id);
+int skill_get_max(SkillID id);
+int skill_get_max_raise(SkillID id);
+int skill_get_range(SkillID id, int lv);
+int skill_get_sp(SkillID id, int lv);
+int skill_get_num(SkillID id, int lv);
+int skill_get_cast(SkillID id, int lv);
+int skill_get_delay(SkillID id, int lv);
+int skill_get_inf2(SkillID id);
+int skill_get_maxcount(SkillID id);
 
 // 追加効果
-int  skill_additional_effect (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                              int skillid, int skilllv, int attack_type,
-                              unsigned int tick);
-
-// ユニットスキル
-struct skill_unit *skill_initunit (struct skill_unit_group *group, int idx,
-                                   int x, int y);
-int  skill_delunit (struct skill_unit *unit);
-struct skill_unit_group *skill_initunitgroup (struct block_list *src,
-                                              int count, int skillid,
-                                              int skilllv, int unit_id);
-int  skill_delunitgroup (struct skill_unit_group *group);
-struct skill_unit_group_tickset *skill_unitgrouptickset_search (struct
-                                                                block_list
-                                                                *bl,
-                                                                int group_id);
-int  skill_unitgrouptickset_delete (struct block_list *bl, int group_id);
-int  skill_clear_unitgroup (struct block_list *src);
+int skill_additional_effect(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv);
 
-int  skill_unit_ondamaged (struct skill_unit *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                           int damage, unsigned int tick);
+interval_t skill_castfix(struct block_list *bl, interval_t time);
+interval_t skill_delayfix(struct block_list *bl, interval_t time);
 
-int  skill_castfix (struct block_list *bl, int time);
-int  skill_delayfix (struct block_list *bl, int time);
-int  skill_check_unit_range (int m, int x, int y, int range, int skillid);
-int  skill_check_unit_range2 (int m, int x, int y, int range);
-// -- moonsoul  (added skill_check_unit_cell)
-int  skill_check_unit_cell (int skillid, int m, int x, int y, int unit_id);
-int  skill_unit_out_all (struct block_list *bl, unsigned int tick, int range);
-int  skill_unit_move (struct block_list *bl, unsigned int tick, int range);
-int  skill_unit_move_unit_group (struct skill_unit_group *group, int m,
-                                 int dx, int dy);
-
-struct skill_unit_group *skill_check_dancing (struct block_list *src);
-void skill_stop_dancing (struct block_list *src, int flag);
+void skill_stop_dancing(struct block_list *src, int flag);
 
 // 詠唱キャンセル
-int  skill_castcancel (struct block_list *bl, int type);
-
-int  skill_gangsterparadise (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-void skill_brandishspear_first (struct square *tc, int dir, int x, int y);
-void skill_brandishspear_dir (struct square *tc, int dir, int are);
-int  skill_autospell (struct map_session_data *md, int skillid);
-void skill_devotion (struct map_session_data *md, int target);
-void skill_devotion2 (struct block_list *bl, int crusader);
-int  skill_devotion3 (struct block_list *bl, int target);
-void skill_devotion_end (struct map_session_data *md,
-                         struct map_session_data *sd, int target);
+int skill_castcancel(struct block_list *bl, int type);
 
-#define skill_calc_heal(bl,skill_lv) (( battle_get_lv(bl)+battle_get_int(bl) )/8 *(4+ skill_lv*8))
-
-// ��他
-int  skill_check_cloaking (struct block_list *bl);
-int  skill_is_danceskill (int id);
+int skill_gangsterparadise(struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
+void skill_devotion(struct map_session_data *md, int target);
+int skill_devotion3(struct block_list *bl, int target);
 
 // ステータス異常
-int  skill_status_effect (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val1, int val2,
-                          int val3, int val4, int tick, int flag,
-                          int spell_invocation);
-int  skill_status_change_start (struct block_list *bl, int type, int val1,
-                                int val2, int val3, int val4, int tick,
-                                int flag);
-void skill_status_change_timer (timer_id, tick_t, custom_id_t, custom_data_t);
-int  skill_status_change_active (struct block_list *bl, int type);  // [fate]
-int  skill_encchant_eremental_end (struct block_list *bl, int type);
-int  skill_status_change_end (struct block_list *bl, int type, int tid);
-int  skill_status_change_clear (struct block_list *bl, int type);
+int skill_status_effect(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type,
+        int val1,
+        interval_t tick, int spell_invocation);
+int skill_status_change_start(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type,
+        int val1,
+        interval_t tick);
+int skill_status_change_active(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type);  // [fate]
+void skill_status_change_end(struct block_list *bl, StatusChange type, TimerData *tid);
+int skill_status_change_clear(struct block_list *bl, int type);
 
 // mobスキル���
-int  skill_castend_nodamage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                                int skillid, int skilllv, unsigned int tick,
-                                int flag);
-int  skill_castend_damage_id (struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
-                              int skillid, int skilllv, unsigned int tick,
-                              int flag);
-int  skill_castend_pos2 (struct block_list *src, int x, int y, int skillid,
-                         int skilllv, unsigned int tick, int flag);
-
-// スキル攻撃一括処�
-int  skill_attack (int attack_type, struct block_list *src,
-                   struct block_list *dsrc, struct block_list *bl,
-                   int skillid, int skilllv, unsigned int tick, int flag);
-
-int  skill_update_heal_animation (struct map_session_data *sd); // [Fate]  Check whether the healing flag must be updated, do so if needed
-
-void skill_reload (void);
-
-enum
-{
-    ST_NONE, ST_HIDING, ST_CLOAKING, ST_HIDDEN, ST_RIDING, ST_FALCON, ST_CART,
-    ST_SHIELD, ST_SIGHT, ST_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS,
-    ST_RECOV_WEIGHT_RATE, ST_MOVE_ENABLE, ST_WATER,
-};
-
-enum
-{                               // struct map_session_data � status_change�番�テーブル
-    SC_SENDMAX = 256,
-    SC_PROVOKE = 0,
-    SC_ENDURE = 1,
-    SC_TWOHANDQUICKEN = 2,
-    SC_CONCENTRATE = 3,
-    SC_HIDING = 4,
-    SC_CLOAKING = 5,
-    SC_ENCPOISON = 6,
-    SC_POISONREACT = 7,
-    SC_QUAGMIRE = 8,
-    SC_ANGELUS = 9,
-    SC_BLESSING = 10,
-    SC_SIGNUMCRUCIS = 11,
-    SC_INCREASEAGI = 12,
-    SC_DECREASEAGI = 13,
-    SC_SLOWPOISON = 14,
-    SC_IMPOSITIO = 15,
-    SC_SUFFRAGIUM = 16,
-    SC_ASPERSIO = 17,
-    SC_BENEDICTIO = 18,
-    SC_KYRIE = 19,
-    SC_MAGNIFICAT = 20,
-    SC_GLORIA = 21,
-    SC_AETERNA = 22,
-    SC_ADRENALINE = 23,
-    SC_WEAPONPERFECTION = 24,
-    SC_OVERTHRUST = 25,
-    SC_MAXIMIZEPOWER = 26,
-    SC_RIDING = 27,
-    SC_FALCON = 28,
-    SC_TRICKDEAD = 29,
-    SC_LOUD = 30,
-    SC_ENERGYCOAT = 31,
-    SC_BROKNARMOR = 32,
-    SC_BROKNWEAPON = 33,
-    SC_HALLUCINATION = 34,
-    SC_WEIGHT50 = 35,
-    SC_WEIGHT90 = 36,
-    SC_SPEEDPOTION0 = 37,
-    SC_SPEEDPOTION1 = 38,
-    SC_SPEEDPOTION2 = 39,
-
-    SC_STRIPWEAPON = 50,
-    SC_STRIPSHIELD = 51,
-    SC_STRIPARMOR = 52,
-    SC_STRIPHELM = 53,
-    SC_CP_WEAPON = 54,
-    SC_CP_SHIELD = 55,
-    SC_CP_ARMOR = 56,
-    SC_CP_HELM = 57,
-    SC_AUTOGUARD = 58,
-    SC_REFLECTSHIELD = 59,
-    SC_DEVOTION = 60,
-    SC_PROVIDENCE = 61,
-    SC_DEFENDER = 62,
-    SC_AUTOSPELL = 65,
-    SC_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS = 86,
-    SC_STEELBODY = 87,
-    SC_SPEARSQUICKEN = 68,
-
-    SC_HEALING = 70,
-
-    SC_SIGHTTRASHER = 73,
-
-    SC_COMBO = 89,
-    SC_FLAMELAUNCHER = 90,
-    SC_FROSTWEAPON = 91,
-    SC_LIGHTNINGLOADER = 92,
-    SC_SEISMICWEAPON = 93,
-
-    SC_AURABLADE = 103,
-    SC_PARRYING = 104,
-    SC_CONCENTRATION = 105,
-    SC_TENSIONRELAX = 106,
-    SC_BERSERK = 107,
-
-    SC_ASSUMPTIO = 110,
-
-    SC_MAGICPOWER = 113,
-
-    SC_TRUESIGHT = 115,
-    SC_WINDWALK = 116,
-    SC_MELTDOWN = 117,
-    SC_CARTBOOST = 118,
-
-    SC_REJECTSWORD = 120,
-    SC_MARIONETTE = 121,
-
-    SC_HEADCRUSH = 124,
-    SC_JOINTBEAT = 125,
-    SC_BASILICA = 125,
-
-    SC_STONE = 128,
-    SC_FREEZE = 129,
-    SC_STAN = 130,
-    SC_SLEEP = 131,
-    SC_POISON = 132,
-    SC_CURSE = 133,
-    SC_SILENCE = 134,
-    SC_CONFUSION = 135,
-    SC_BLIND = 136,
-
-    SC_SAFETYWALL = 140,
-    SC_PNEUMA = 141,
-    SC_WATERBALL = 142,
-    SC_ANKLE = 143,
-    SC_DANCING = 144,
-    SC_KEEPING = 145,
-    SC_BARRIER = 146,
-
-    SC_MAGICROD = 149,
-    SC_SIGHT = 150,
-    SC_RUWACH = 151,
-    SC_AUTOCOUNTER = 152,
-    SC_VOLCANO = 153,
-    SC_DELUGE = 154,
-    SC_VIOLENTGALE = 155,
-    SC_BLADESTOP_WAIT = 156,
-    SC_BLADESTOP = 157,
-    SC_EXTREMITYFIST = 158,
-    SC_GRAFFITI = 159,
-    SC_ENSEMBLE = 159,
-
-    SC_LULLABY = 160,
-    SC_RICHMANKIM = 161,
-    SC_ETERNALCHAOS = 162,
-    SC_DRUMBATTLE = 163,
-    SC_NIBELUNGEN = 164,
-    SC_ROKISWEIL = 165,
-    SC_INTOABYSS = 166,
-    SC_SIEGFRIED = 167,
-    SC_DISSONANCE = 168,
-    SC_WHISTLE = 169,
-    SC_ASSNCROS = 170,
-    SC_POEMBRAGI = 171,
-    SC_APPLEIDUN = 172,
-    SC_UGLYDANCE = 173,
-    SC_HUMMING = 174,
-    SC_DONTFORGETME = 175,
-    SC_FORTUNE = 176,
-    SC_SERVICE4U = 177,
-    SC_FOGWALL = 178,
-    SC_GOSPEL = 179,
-    SC_SPIDERWEB = 180,
-    SC_MEMORIZE = 181,
-    SC_LANDPROTECTOR = 182,
-    SC_ADAPTATION = 183,
-    SC_CHASEWALK = 184,
-    SC_ATKPOT = 185,
-    SC_MATKPOT = 186,
-    SC_WEDDING = 187,
-    SC_NOCHAT = 188,
-    SC_SPLASHER = 189,
-    SC_SELFDESTRUCTION = 190,
-    SC_MINDBREAKER = 191,
-    SC_SPELLBREAKER = 192,
-
-// Added for Fate's spells
-    SC_HIDE = 194,              // Hide from `detect' magic
-    SC_HALT_REGENERATE = 195,   // Suspend regeneration
-    SC_FLYING_BACKPACK = 196,   // Flying backpack
-    SC_MBARRIER = 197,          // Magical barrier, magic resistance (val1 : power (%))
-    SC_HASTE = 198,             // `Haste' spell (val1 : power)
-    SC_PHYS_SHIELD = 199,       // `Protect' spell, reduce damage (val1: power)
-
-    SC_DIVINA = SC_SILENCE,
-};
-extern int SkillStatusChangeTable[];
+int skill_castend_nodamage_id(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv);
+int skill_castend_damage_id(struct block_list *src, struct block_list *bl,
+        SkillID skillid, int skilllv, tick_t tick,
+        BCT flag);
 
-enum
-{
-    NV_EMOTE = 1,
-    NV_TRADE,
-    NV_PARTY,
-
-    SM_SWORD,
-    SM_TWOHAND,
-    SM_RECOVERY,
-    SM_BASH,
-    SM_PROVOKE,
-    SM_MAGNUM,
-    SM_ENDURE,
-
-    MG_SRECOVERY,
-    MG_SIGHT,
-    MG_NAPALMBEAT,
-    MG_SAFETYWALL,
-    MG_SOULSTRIKE,
-    MG_COLDBOLT,
-    MG_FROSTDIVER,
-    MG_STONECURSE,
-    MG_FIREBALL,
-    MG_FIREWALL,
-    MG_FIREBOLT,
-    MG_LIGHTNINGBOLT,
-    MG_THUNDERSTORM,
-
-    AL_DP,
-    AL_DEMONBANE,
-    AL_RUWACH,
-    AL_PNEUMA,
-    AL_TELEPORT,
-    AL_WARP,
-    AL_HEAL,
-    AL_INCAGI,
-    AL_DECAGI,
-    AL_HOLYWATER,
-    AL_CRUCIS,
-    AL_ANGELUS,
-    AL_BLESSING,
-    AL_CURE,
-
-    MC_INCCARRY,
-    MC_DISCOUNT,
-    MC_OVERCHARGE,
-    MC_PUSHCART,
-    MC_IDENTIFY,
-    MC_VENDING,
-    MC_MAMMONITE,
-
-    AC_OWL = 45,
-    AC_VULTURE,
-    AC_CONCENTRATION,
-    AC_DOUBLE,
-    AC_SHOWER,
-
-    TF_DOUBLE,
-    TF_MISS,
-    TF_STEAL,
-    TF_HIDING,
-    TF_POISON,
-    TF_DETOXIFY,
-
-    ALL_RESURRECTION,
-
-    KN_SPEARMASTERY,
-    KN_PIERCE,
-    KN_BRANDISHSPEAR,
-    KN_SPEARSTAB,
-    KN_SPEARBOOMERANG,
-    KN_TWOHANDQUICKEN,
-    KN_AUTOCOUNTER,
-    KN_BOWLINGBASH,
-    KN_RIDING,
-    KN_CAVALIERMASTERY,
-
-    PR_MACEMASTERY,
-    PR_IMPOSITIO,
-    PR_SUFFRAGIUM,
-    PR_ASPERSIO,
-    PR_BENEDICTIO,
-    PR_SANCTUARY,
-    PR_SLOWPOISON,
-    PR_STRECOVERY,
-    PR_KYRIE,
-    PR_MAGNIFICAT,
-    PR_GLORIA,
-    PR_LEXDIVINA,
-    PR_TURNUNDEAD,
-    PR_LEXAETERNA,
-    PR_MAGNUS,
-
-    WZ_FIREPILLAR,
-    WZ_SIGHTRASHER,
-    WZ_FIREIVY,
-    WZ_METEOR,
-    WZ_JUPITEL,
-    WZ_VERMILION,
-    WZ_WATERBALL,
-    WZ_ICEWALL,
-    WZ_FROSTNOVA,
-    WZ_STORMGUST,
-    WZ_EARTHSPIKE,
-    WZ_HEAVENDRIVE,
-    WZ_QUAGMIRE,
-    WZ_ESTIMATION,
-
-    BS_IRON,
-    BS_STEEL,
-    BS_ENCHANTEDSTONE,
-    BS_ORIDEOCON,
-    BS_DAGGER,
-    BS_SWORD,
-    BS_TWOHANDSWORD,
-    BS_AXE,
-    BS_MACE,
-    BS_KNUCKLE,
-    BS_SPEAR,
-    BS_HILTBINDING,
-    BS_FINDINGORE,
-    BS_WEAPONRESEARCH,
-    BS_REPAIRWEAPON,
-    BS_SKINTEMPER,
-    BS_HAMMERFALL,
-    BS_ADRENALINE,
-    BS_WEAPONPERFECT,
-    BS_OVERTHRUST,
-    BS_MAXIMIZE,
-
-    HT_SKIDTRAP,
-    HT_LANDMINE,
-    HT_ANKLESNARE,
-    HT_SHOCKWAVE,
-    HT_SANDMAN,
-    HT_FLASHER,
-    HT_FREEZINGTRAP,
-    HT_BLASTMINE,
-    HT_CLAYMORETRAP,
-    HT_REMOVETRAP,
-    HT_TALKIEBOX,
-    HT_BEASTBANE,
-    HT_FALCON,
-    HT_STEELCROW,
-    HT_BLITZBEAT,
-    HT_DETECTING,
-    HT_SPRINGTRAP,
-
-    AS_RIGHT,
-    AS_LEFT,
-    AS_KATAR,
-    AS_CLOAKING,
-    AS_SONICBLOW,
-    AS_GRIMTOOTH,
-    AS_ENCHANTPOISON,
-    AS_POISONREACT,
-    AS_VENOMDUST,
-    AS_SPLASHER,
-
-    NV_FIRSTAID,
-    NV_TRICKDEAD,
-    SM_MOVINGRECOVERY,
-    SM_FATALBLOW,
-    SM_AUTOBERSERK,
-    AC_MAKINGARROW,
-    AC_CHARGEARROW,
-    TF_SPRINKLESAND,
-    TF_BACKSLIDING,
-    TF_PICKSTONE,
-    TF_THROWSTONE,
-    MC_CARTREVOLUTION,
-    MC_CHANGECART,
-    MC_LOUD,
-    AL_HOLYLIGHT,
-    MG_ENERGYCOAT,
-
-    NPC_PIERCINGATT,
-    NPC_MENTALBREAKER,
-    NPC_RANGEATTACK,
-    NPC_ATTRICHANGE,
-    NPC_CHANGEWATER,
-    NPC_CHANGEGROUND,
-    NPC_CHANGEFIRE,
-    NPC_CHANGEWIND,
-    NPC_CHANGEPOISON,
-    NPC_CHANGEHOLY,
-    NPC_CHANGEDARKNESS,
-    NPC_CHANGETELEKINESIS,
-    NPC_CRITICALSLASH,
-    NPC_COMBOATTACK,
-    NPC_GUIDEDATTACK,
-    NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION,
-    NPC_SPLASHATTACK,
-    NPC_SUICIDE,
-    NPC_POISON,
-    NPC_BLINDATTACK,
-    NPC_SILENCEATTACK,
-    NPC_STUNATTACK,
-    NPC_PETRIFYATTACK,
-    NPC_CURSEATTACK,
-    NPC_SLEEPATTACK,
-    NPC_RANDOMATTACK,
-    NPC_WATERATTACK,
-    NPC_GROUNDATTACK,
-    NPC_FIREATTACK,
-    NPC_WINDATTACK,
-    NPC_POISONATTACK,
-    NPC_HOLYATTACK,
-    NPC_DARKNESSATTACK,
-    NPC_TELEKINESISATTACK,
-    NPC_MAGICALATTACK,
-    NPC_METAMORPHOSIS,
-    NPC_PROVOCATION,
-    NPC_SMOKING,
-    NPC_SUMMONSLAVE,
-    NPC_EMOTION,
-    NPC_TRANSFORMATION,
-    NPC_BLOODDRAIN,
-    NPC_ENERGYDRAIN,
-    NPC_KEEPING,
-    NPC_DARKBREATH,
-    NPC_DARKBLESSING,
-    NPC_BARRIER,
-    NPC_DEFENDER,
-    NPC_LICK,
-    NPC_HALLUCINATION,
-    NPC_REBIRTH,
-    NPC_SUMMONMONSTER,
-
-    RG_SNATCHER,
-    RG_STEALCOIN,
-    RG_BACKSTAP,
-    RG_TUNNELDRIVE,
-    RG_RAID,
-    RG_STRIPWEAPON,
-    RG_STRIPSHIELD,
-    RG_STRIPARMOR,
-    RG_STRIPHELM,
-    RG_INTIMIDATE,
-    RG_GRAFFITI,
-    RG_FLAGGRAFFITI,
-    RG_CLEANER,
-    RG_GANGSTER,
-    RG_COMPULSION,
-    RG_PLAGIARISM,
+int skill_update_heal_animation(struct map_session_data *sd); // [Fate]  Check whether the healing flag must be updated, do so if needed
 
-    AM_AXEMASTERY,
-    AM_LEARNINGPOTION,
-    AM_PHARMACY,
-    AM_DEMONSTRATION,
-    AM_ACIDTERROR,
-    AM_POTIONPITCHER,
-    AM_CANNIBALIZE,
-    AM_SPHEREMINE,
-    AM_CP_WEAPON,
-    AM_CP_SHIELD,
-    AM_CP_ARMOR,
-    AM_CP_HELM,
-    AM_BIOETHICS,
-    AM_BIOTECHNOLOGY,
-    AM_CREATECREATURE,
-    AM_CULTIVATION,
-    AM_FLAMECONTROL,
-    AM_CALLHOMUN,
-    AM_REST,
-    AM_DRILLMASTER,
-    AM_HEALHOMUN,
-    AM_RESURRECTHOMUN,
-
-    CR_TRUST,
-    CR_AUTOGUARD,
-    CR_SHIELDCHARGE,
-    CR_SHIELDBOOMERANG,
-    CR_REFLECTSHIELD,
-    CR_HOLYCROSS,
-    CR_GRANDCROSS,
-    CR_DEVOTION,
-    CR_PROVIDENCE,
-    CR_DEFENDER,
-    CR_SPEARQUICKEN,
-
-    MO_IRONHAND,
-    MO_SPIRITSRECOVERY,
-    MO_CALLSPIRITS,
-    MO_ABSORBSPIRITS,
-    MO_TRIPLEATTACK,
-    MO_BODYRELOCATION,
-    MO_DODGE,
-    MO_INVESTIGATE,
-    MO_FINGEROFFENSIVE,
-    MO_STEELBODY,
-    MO_BLADESTOP,
-    MO_EXPLOSIONSPIRITS,
-    MO_EXTREMITYFIST,
-    MO_CHAINCOMBO,
-    MO_COMBOFINISH,
-
-    SA_ADVANCEDBOOK,
-    SA_CASTCANCEL,
-    SA_MAGICROD,
-    SA_SPELLBREAKER,
-    SA_FREECAST,
-    SA_AUTOSPELL,
-    SA_FLAMELAUNCHER,
-    SA_FROSTWEAPON,
-    SA_LIGHTNINGLOADER,
-    SA_SEISMICWEAPON,
-    SA_DRAGONOLOGY,
-    SA_VOLCANO,
-    SA_DELUGE,
-    SA_VIOLENTGALE,
-    SA_LANDPROTECTOR,
-    SA_DISPELL,
-    SA_ABRACADABRA,
-    SA_MONOCELL,
-    SA_CLASSCHANGE,
-    SA_SUMMONMONSTER,
-    SA_REVERSEORCISH,
-    SA_DEATH,
-    SA_FORTUNE,
-    SA_TAMINGMONSTER,
-    SA_QUESTION,
-    SA_GRAVITY,
-    SA_LEVELUP,
-    SA_INSTANTDEATH,
-    SA_FULLRECOVERY,
-    SA_COMA,
-
-    BD_ADAPTATION,
-    BD_ENCORE,
-    BD_LULLABY,
-    BD_RICHMANKIM,
-    BD_ETERNALCHAOS,
-    BD_DRUMBATTLEFIELD,
-    BD_RINGNIBELUNGEN,
-    BD_ROKISWEIL,
-    BD_INTOABYSS,
-    BD_SIEGFRIED,
-    BD_RAGNAROK,
-
-    BA_MUSICALLESSON,
-    BA_MUSICALSTRIKE,
-    BA_DISSONANCE,
-    BA_FROSTJOKE,
-    BA_WHISTLE,
-    BA_ASSASSINCROSS,
-    BA_POEMBRAGI,
-    BA_APPLEIDUN,
-
-    DC_DANCINGLESSON,
-    DC_THROWARROW,
-    DC_UGLYDANCE,
-    DC_SCREAM,
-    DC_HUMMING,
-    DC_DONTFORGETME,
-    DC_FORTUNEKISS,
-    DC_SERVICEFORYOU,
-
-    NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION2 = 333,
-
-    WE_MALE = 334,
-    WE_FEMALE,
-    WE_CALLPARTNER,
-
-    NPC_DARKCROSS = 338,
-
-    TMW_SKILLPOOL = 339,        // skill pool size
-
-    TMW_MAGIC = 340,
-    TMW_MAGIC_LIFE = 341,
-    TMW_MAGIC_WAR = 342,
-    TMW_MAGIC_TRANSMUTE = 343,
-    TMW_MAGIC_NATURE = 344,
-    TMW_MAGIC_ETHER = 345,
-    TMW_MAGIC_DARK = 346,
-    TMW_MAGIC_LIGHT = 347,
-
-    TMW_BRAWLING = 350,
-    TMW_LUCKY_COUNTER = 351,
-    TMW_SPEED = 352,
-    TMW_RESIST_POISON = 353,
-    TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL = 354,
-    TMW_RAGING = 355,
-
-    LK_AURABLADE = 356,
-    LK_PARRYING,
-    LK_CONCENTRATION,
-    LK_TENSIONRELAX,
-    LK_BERSERK,
-    LK_FURY,
-    HP_ASSUMPTIO,
-    HP_BASILICA,
-    HP_MEDITATIO,
-    HW_SOULDRAIN,
-    HW_MAGICCRASHER,
-    HW_MAGICPOWER,
-    PA_PRESSURE,
-    PA_SACRIFICE,
-    PA_GOSPEL,
-    CH_PALMSTRIKE,
-    CH_TIGERFIST,
-    CH_CHAINCRUSH,
-    PF_HPCONVERSION,
-    PF_SOULCHANGE,
-    PF_SOULBURN,
-    ASC_KATAR,
-    ASC_HALLUCINATION,
-    ASC_EDP,
-    ASC_BREAKER,
-    SN_SIGHT,
-    SN_FALCONASSAULT,
-    SN_SHARPSHOOTING,
-    SN_WINDWALK,
-    WS_MELTDOWN,
-    WS_CREATECOIN,
-    WS_CREATENUGGET,
-    WS_CARTBOOST,
-    WS_SYSTEMCREATE,
-    ST_CHASEWALK,
-    ST_REJECTSWORD,
-    ST_STEALBACKPACK,
-    CR_ALCHEMY,
-    CR_SYNTHESISPOTION,
-    CG_ARROWVULCAN,
-    CG_MOONLIT,
-    CG_MARIONETTE,
-    LK_SPIRALPIERCE,
-    LK_HEADCRUSH,
-    LK_JOINTBEAT,
-    HW_NAPALMVULCAN,
-    CH_SOULCOLLECT,
-    PF_MINDBREAKER,
-    PF_MEMORIZE,
-    PF_FOGWALL,
-    PF_SPIDERWEB,
-    ASC_METEORASSAULT,
-    ASC_CDP,
-    WE_BABY,
-    WE_CALLPARENT,
-    WE_CALLBABY,
-    TK_RUN,
-    TK_READYSTORM,
-    TK_STORMKICK,
-    TK_READYDOWN,
-    TK_DOWNKICK,
-    TK_READYTURN,
-    TK_TURNKICK,
-    TK_READYCOUNTER,
-    TK_COUNTER,
-    TK_DODGE,
-    TK_JUMPKICK,
-    TK_HPTIME,
-    TK_SPTIME,
-    TK_POWER,
-    TK_SEVENWIND,
-    TK_HIGHJUMP,
-    SG_FEEL,
-    SG_SUN_WARM,
-    SG_MOON_WARM,
-    SG_STAR_WARM,
-    SG_SUN_COMFORT,
-    SG_MOON_COMFORT,
-    SG_STAR_COMFORT,
-    SG_HATE,
-    SG_SUN_ANGER,
-    SG_MOON_ANGER,
-    SG_STAR_ANGER,
-    SG_SUN_BLESS,
-    SG_MOON_BLESS,
-    SG_STAR_BLESS,
-    SG_DEVIL,
-    SG_FRIEND,
-    SG_KNOWLEDGE,
-    SG_FUSION,
-    SL_ALCHEMIST,
-    AM_BERSERKPITCHER,
-    SL_MONK,
-    SL_STAR,
-    SL_SAGE,
-    SL_CRUSADER,
-    SL_SUPERNOVICE,
-    SL_KNIGHT,
-    SL_WIZARD,
-    SL_PRIEST,
-    SL_BARDDANCER,
-    SL_ROGUE,
-    SL_ASSASIN,
-    SL_BLACKSMITH,
-    BS_ADRENALINE2,
-    SL_HUNTER,
-    SL_SOULLINKER,
-    SL_KAIZEL,
-    SL_KAAHI,
-    SL_KAUPE,
-    SL_KAITE,
-    SL_KAINA,
-    SL_STIN,
-    SL_STUN,
-    SL_SMA,
-    SL_SWOO,
-    SL_SKE,
-    SL_SKA,
-
-    GD_APPROVAL = 10000,
-    GD_KAFRACONTACT,
-    GD_GUARDIANRESEARCH,
-    GD_CHARISMA,
-    GD_EXTENSION,
-};
+void skill_reload(void);
 
 // [Fate] Skill pools API
 
 // Max. # of active entries in the skill pool
-#define MAX_SKILL_POOL 3
+constexpr int MAX_SKILL_POOL = 3;
 // Max. # of skills that may be classified as pool skills in db/skill_db.txt
-#define MAX_POOL_SKILLS 128
+constexpr int MAX_POOL_SKILLS = 128;
 
-extern int skill_pool_skills[MAX_POOL_SKILLS];  // All pool skills
+extern SkillID skill_pool_skills[MAX_POOL_SKILLS];  // All pool skills
 extern int skill_pool_skills_size;  // Number of entries in skill_pool_skills
 
-int  skill_pool (struct map_session_data *sd, int *skills); // Yields all active skills in the skill pool; no more than MAX_SKILL_POOL.  Return is number of skills.
-int  skill_pool_size (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  skill_pool_max (struct map_session_data *sd);  // Max. number of pool skills
-void skill_pool_empty (struct map_session_data *sd);    // Deactivate all pool skills
-int  skill_pool_activate (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill);  // Skill into skill pool.  Return is zero iff okay.
-int  skill_pool_is_activated (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill);  // Skill into skill pool.  Return is zero when activated.
-int  skill_pool_deactivate (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill);    // Skill out of skill pool.  Return is zero iff okay.
-const char *skill_name(int skill);   // Yield configurable skill name
-int  skill_stat (int skill);    // Yields the stat associated with a skill.  Returns zero if none, or SP_STR, SP_VIT, ... otherwise
-int  skill_power (struct map_session_data *sd, int skill);  // Yields the power of a skill.  This is zero if the skill is unknown or if it's a pool skill that is outside of the skill pool,
-                             // otherwise a value from 0 to 255 (with 200 being the `normal maximum')
-int  skill_power_bl (struct block_list *bl, int skill); // Yields the power of a skill.  This is zero if the skill is unknown or if it's a pool skill that is outside of the skill pool,
-                             // otherwise a value from 0 to 255 (with 200 being the `normal maximum')
-
-void skill_pool_register (int id);   // [Fate] Remember that a certain skill ID belongs to a pool skill
-#endif
+// Yields all active skills in the skill pool; no more than MAX_SKILL_POOL.  Return is number of skills.
+int skill_pool(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID *skills);
+int skill_pool_size(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int skill_pool_max(struct map_session_data *sd);  // Max. number of pool skills
+// Skill into skill pool.  Return is zero iff okay.
+int skill_pool_activate(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill);
+// Skill into skill pool.  Return is zero when activated.
+bool skill_pool_is_activated(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill);
+// Skill out of skill pool.  Return is zero iff okay.
+int skill_pool_deactivate(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill);
+// Yield configurable skill name
+inline
+const char *skill_name(SkillID skill)
+{
+    return skill_lookup_by_id(skill).desc;
+}
+// Yields the power of a skill.
+// This is zero if the skill is unknown
+//      or if it's a pool skill that is outside of the skill pool,
+// otherwise a value from 0 to 255 (with 200 being the `normal maximum')
+int skill_power(struct map_session_data *sd, SkillID skill);
+int skill_power_bl(struct block_list *bl, SkillID skill);
+
+// [Fate] Remember that a certain skill ID belongs to a pool skill
+void skill_pool_register(SkillID id);
+#endif // SKILL_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/skill.t.hpp b/src/map/skill.t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3214062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/map/skill.t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#ifndef SKILL_T_HPP
+#define SKILL_T_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "../common/utils2.hpp"
+
+// TODO remove most of these as their corresponding SkillIDs get deleted.
+enum class StatusChange : uint16_t
+{
+    // indices into (map_session_data).status_change
+    SC_SENDMAX          = 256,
+
+    // sometimes means "none", sometimes not
+    NEGATIVE1           = 0xffff,
+
+    // these ones are used by clif_status_change,
+    // e.g. by the magic system
+    ZERO                = 0,
+    ATTACK_ICON_GENERIC = 2000,
+    ATTACK_ICON_SHEARING = 2001,
+    CART                = 0x0c,
+    CLIF_OPTION_SC_INVISIBILITY = 0x1000,
+    CLIF_OPTION_SC_SCRIBE = 0x1001,
+
+    // the rest are the normal effects
+    SC_SLOWPOISON       = 14,   // item script
+
+    SC_BROKNARMOR       = 32,   // ?
+    SC_BROKNWEAPON      = 33,   // ?
+
+    SC_WEIGHT50         = 35,   // ? sort of used
+    SC_WEIGHT90         = 36,   // definitely used
+    SC_SPEEDPOTION0     = 37,   // item script
+
+    SC_HEALING          = 70,   // item script
+
+    SC_POISON           = 132,  // bad; actually used
+
+    SC_ATKPOT           = 185,  // item script
+    SC_MATKPOT          = 186,  // unused, but kept for parallel
+
+// Added for Fate's spells
+    SC_HIDE             = 194,  // Hide from `detect' magic (PCs only)
+    SC_SHEARED          = 194,  // Has been sheared (mobs only)
+    SC_HALT_REGENERATE  = 195,  // Suspend regeneration
+    SC_FLYING_BACKPACK  = 196,  // Flying backpack
+    SC_MBARRIER         = 197,  // Magical barrier, magic resistance (val1 : power (%))
+    SC_HASTE            = 198,  // `Haste' spell (val1 : power)
+    SC_PHYS_SHIELD      = 199,  // `Protect' spell, reduce damage (val1: power)
+    MAX_STATUSCHANGE    = 200,
+};
+
+enum class SkillID : uint16_t
+{
+    // TODO: Remove these!
+    NEGATIVE            = 0xffff,
+    ZERO                = 0x0000,
+    ONE                 = 0x0001,
+
+    // Basic skills.
+    // These should probably be made unconditional.
+    NV_EMOTE            = 1,    //
+    NV_TRADE            = 2,    //
+    NV_PARTY            = 3,    //
+
+    AC_OWL              = 45,   // Mallard's Eye
+
+    NPC_SELFDESTRUCTION = 175,  //
+
+    NPC_POISON          = 178,  //
+
+    NPC_SUMMONSLAVE     = 198,  //
+    NPC_EMOTION         = 199,  //
+
+    TMW_SKILLPOOL       = 339,  // skill pool size
+
+    // magic skills
+    TMW_MAGIC           = 340,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_LIFE      = 341,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_WAR       = 342,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_TRANSMUTE = 343,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_NATURE    = 344,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_ETHER     = 345,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_DARK      = 346,  //
+    TMW_MAGIC_LIGHT     = 347,  //
+
+    // focusable skills
+    TMW_BRAWLING        = 350,  //
+    TMW_LUCKY_COUNTER   = 351,  //
+    TMW_SPEED           = 352,  //
+    TMW_RESIST_POISON   = 353,  //
+    TMW_ASTRAL_SOUL     = 354,  //
+    TMW_RAGING          = 355,  //
+
+    // Note: this value is also hard-coded in common/mmo.hpp
+    MAX_SKILL_DB        = 474, // not 450
+};
+
+namespace e
+{
+enum class SkillFlags : uint16_t
+{
+    ZERO            = 0x00,
+    // is a pool skill
+    POOL_FLAG       = 0x01,
+    // is an active pool skill
+    POOL_ACTIVE     = 0x02,
+    // pool skill has been activated (used for clif)
+    POOL_ACTIVATED  = 0x04,
+};
+ENUM_BITWISE_OPERATORS(SkillFlags)
+}
+using e::SkillFlags;
+
+#endif // SKILL_T_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/storage.cpp b/src/map/storage.cpp
index 7d54343..dcd0dd7 100644
--- a/src/map/storage.cpp
+++ b/src/map/storage.cpp
@@ -1,34 +1,35 @@
 // Copyright (c) Athena Dev Teams - Licensed under GNU GPL
-// For more information, see LICENCE in the main folder
+// For more information, see COPYING in the main folder
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include "storage.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 
 #include "../common/db.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 
-#include "storage.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
+#include "itemdb.hpp"
+#include "map.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
-#include "battle.hpp"
-#include "atcommand.hpp"
 
-static struct dbt *storage_db;
-static struct dbt *guild_storage_db;
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+static
+Map<int, struct storage> storage_db;
 
 /*==========================================
  * 倉庫内アイテムソート
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int storage_comp_item (const void *_i1, const void *_i2)
+static
+int storage_comp_item(const void *_i1, const void *_i2)
 {
-    struct item *i1 = (struct item *) _i1;
-    struct item *i2 = (struct item *) _i2;
+    const struct item *i1 = (const struct item *) _i1;
+    const struct item *i2 = (const struct item *) _i2;
 
     if (i1->nameid == i2->nameid)
         return 0;
@@ -39,123 +40,61 @@ int storage_comp_item (const void *_i1, const void *_i2)
     return i1->nameid - i2->nameid;
 }
 
-static void guild_storage_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gstor = (struct guild_storage *) data;
-    free (gstor);
-}
-
-static void storage_db_final (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{
-    struct storage *stor = (struct storage *) data;
-    free (stor);
-}
-
-void sortage_sortitem (struct storage *stor)
-{
-    nullpo_retv (stor);
-    qsort (stor->storage_, MAX_STORAGE, sizeof (struct item),
-           storage_comp_item);
-}
-
-void sortage_gsortitem (struct guild_storage *gstor)
+static
+void sortage_sortitem(struct storage *stor)
 {
-    nullpo_retv (gstor);
-    qsort (gstor->storage_, MAX_GUILD_STORAGE, sizeof (struct item),
+    nullpo_retv(stor);
+    qsort(stor->storage_, MAX_STORAGE, sizeof(struct item),
            storage_comp_item);
 }
 
-/*==========================================
- * �期化��
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int do_init_storage (void)      // map.c::do_init()�ら呼�れる
+void do_init_storage(void)
 {
-    storage_db = numdb_init ();
-    guild_storage_db = numdb_init ();
-    return 1;
 }
 
-void do_final_storage (void)    // by [MC Cameri]
+void do_final_storage(void)
 {
-    if (storage_db)
-        numdb_final (storage_db, storage_db_final);
-    if (guild_storage_db)
-        numdb_final (guild_storage_db, guild_storage_db_final);
+    storage_db.clear();
 }
 
-static void storage_reconnect_sub (db_key_t key, db_val_t data, va_list ap)
-{                               //Parses storage and saves 'dirty' ones upon reconnect. [Skotlex]
-    int  type = va_arg (ap, int);
-    if (type)
-    {                           //Guild Storage
-        struct guild_storage *stor = (struct guild_storage *) data;
-        if (stor->dirty && stor->storage_status == 0)   //Save closed storages.
-            storage_guild_storagesave (0, stor->guild_id, 0);
-    }
-    else
-    {                           //Account Storage
-        struct storage *stor = (struct storage *) data;
-        if (stor->dirty && stor->storage_status == 0)   //Save closed storages.
-            storage_storage_save (stor->account_id, stor->dirty == 2 ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-}
-
-//Function to be invoked upon server reconnection to char. To save all 'dirty' storages [Skotlex
-void do_reconnect_storage (void)
-{
-    numdb_foreach (storage_db, storage_reconnect_sub, 0);
-    numdb_foreach (guild_storage_db, storage_reconnect_sub, 1);
-}
-
-struct storage *account2storage (int account_id)
+struct storage *account2storage(int account_id)
 {
-    struct storage *stor =
-        (struct storage *) numdb_search (storage_db, account_id);
+    struct storage *stor = storage_db.search(account_id);
     if (stor == NULL)
     {
-        CREATE (stor, struct storage, 1);
+        stor = storage_db.init(account_id);
         stor->account_id = account_id;
-        numdb_insert (storage_db, stor->account_id, stor);
     }
     return stor;
 }
 
 // Just to ask storage, without creation
-struct storage *account2storage2 (int account_id)
+struct storage *account2storage2(int account_id)
 {
-    return (struct storage *) numdb_search (storage_db, account_id);
+    return storage_db.search(account_id);
 }
 
-int storage_delete (int account_id)
+static
+void storage_delete(int account_id)
 {
-    struct storage *stor =
-        (struct storage *) numdb_search (storage_db, account_id);
-    if (stor)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (storage_db, account_id);
-        free (stor);
-    }
-    return 0;
+    storage_db.erase(account_id);
 }
 
 /*==========================================
  * カプラ倉庫を開�
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int storage_storageopen (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int storage_storageopen(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
-    struct storage *stor;
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag)
+    if (sd->state.storage_open)
         return 1;               //Already open?
 
-    if ((stor =
-         (struct storage *) numdb_search (storage_db,
-                                          sd->status.account_id)) == NULL)
+    struct storage *stor = storage_db.search(sd->status.account_id);
+    if (stor == NULL)
     {                           //Request storage.
-        intif_request_storage (sd->status.account_id);
+        intif_request_storage(sd->status.account_id);
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -163,10 +102,10 @@ int storage_storageopen (struct map_session_data *sd)
         return 1;               //Already open/player already has it open...
 
     stor->storage_status = 1;
-    sd->state.storage_flag = 1;
-    clif_storageitemlist (sd, stor);
-    clif_storageequiplist (sd, stor);
-    clif_updatestorageamount (sd, stor);
+    sd->state.storage_open = 1;
+    clif_storageitemlist(sd, stor);
+    clif_storageequiplist(sd, stor);
+    clif_updatestorageamount(sd, stor);
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -174,27 +113,28 @@ int storage_storageopen (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * Internal add-item function.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int storage_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
+static
+int storage_additem(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
                             struct item *item_data, int amount)
 {
     struct item_data *data;
-    int  i;
+    int i;
 
     if (item_data->nameid <= 0 || amount <= 0)
         return 1;
 
-    data = itemdb_search (item_data->nameid);
+    data = itemdb_search(item_data->nameid);
 
-    if (!itemdb_isequip2 (data))
+    if (!itemdb_isequip2(data))
     {                           //Stackable
         for (i = 0; i < MAX_STORAGE; i++)
         {
-            if (compare_item (&stor->storage_[i], item_data))
+            if (compare_item(&stor->storage_[i], item_data))
             {
                 if (amount > MAX_AMOUNT - stor->storage_[i].amount)
                     return 1;
                 stor->storage_[i].amount += amount;
-                clif_storageitemadded (sd, stor, i, amount);
+                clif_storageitemadded(sd, stor, i, amount);
                 stor->dirty = 1;
                 return 0;
             }
@@ -206,11 +146,11 @@ static int storage_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
     if (i >= MAX_STORAGE)
         return 1;
 
-    memcpy (&stor->storage_[i], item_data, sizeof (stor->storage_[0]));
+    memcpy(&stor->storage_[i], item_data, sizeof(stor->storage_[0]));
     stor->storage_[i].amount = amount;
     stor->storage_amount++;
-    clif_storageitemadded (sd, stor, i, amount);
-    clif_updatestorageamount (sd, stor);
+    clif_storageitemadded(sd, stor, i, amount);
+    clif_updatestorageamount(sd, stor);
     stor->dirty = 1;
     return 0;
 }
@@ -219,7 +159,8 @@ static int storage_additem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
  * Internal del-item function
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-static int storage_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
+static
+int storage_delitem(struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
                             int n, int amount)
 {
 
@@ -229,11 +170,11 @@ static int storage_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
     stor->storage_[n].amount -= amount;
     if (stor->storage_[n].amount == 0)
     {
-        memset (&stor->storage_[n], 0, sizeof (stor->storage_[0]));
+        memset(&stor->storage_[n], 0, sizeof(stor->storage_[0]));
         stor->storage_amount--;
-        clif_updatestorageamount (sd, stor);
+        clif_updatestorageamount(sd, stor);
     }
-    clif_storageitemremoved (sd, n, amount);
+    clif_storageitemremoved(sd, n, amount);
 
     stor->dirty = 1;
     return 0;
@@ -243,12 +184,13 @@ static int storage_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd, struct storage *stor,
  * Add an item to the storage from the inventory.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int storage_storageadd (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
+int storage_storageadd(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id));
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    stor = account2storage2(sd->status.account_id);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
     if ((stor->storage_amount > MAX_STORAGE) || !stor->storage_status)
         return 0;               // storage full / storage closed
@@ -263,11 +205,11 @@ int storage_storageadd (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
         return 0;
 
 //  log_tostorage(sd, index, 0);
-    if (storage_additem (sd, stor, &sd->status.inventory[index], amount) == 0)
+    if (storage_additem(sd, stor, &sd->status.inventory[index], amount) == 0)
     {
         // remove item from inventory
-        pc_unequipinvyitem (sd, index, 0);
-        pc_delitem (sd, index, amount, 0);
+        pc_unequipinvyitem(sd, index, CalcStatus::NOW);
+        pc_delitem(sd, index, amount, 0);
     }
 
     return 1;
@@ -277,13 +219,14 @@ int storage_storageadd (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
  * Retrieve an item from the storage.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int storage_storageget (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
+int storage_storageget(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
-    int  flag;
+    PickupFail flag;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id));
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    stor = account2storage2(sd->status.account_id);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
     if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_STORAGE)
         return 0;
@@ -294,100 +237,41 @@ int storage_storageget (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
     if (amount < 1 || amount > stor->storage_[index].amount)
         return 0;
 
-    if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &stor->storage_[index], amount)) == 0)
-        storage_delitem (sd, stor, index, amount);
+    if ((flag = pc_additem(sd, &stor->storage_[index], amount)) == PickupFail::OKAY)
+        storage_delitem(sd, stor, index, amount);
     else
-        clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
+        clif_additem(sd, 0, 0, flag);
 //  log_fromstorage(sd, index, 0);
     return 1;
 }
 
 /*==========================================
- * Move an item from cart to storage.
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int storage_storageaddfromcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                                int amount)
-{
-    struct storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id));
-
-    if (stor->storage_amount > MAX_STORAGE || !stor->storage_status)
-        return 0;               // storage full / storage closed
-
-    if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_CART)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->status.cart[index].nameid <= 0)
-        return 0;               //No item there.
-
-    if (amount < 1 || amount > sd->status.cart[index].amount)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (storage_additem (sd, stor, &sd->status.cart[index], amount) == 0)
-        pc_cart_delitem (sd, index, amount, 0);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
- * Get from Storage to the Cart
- *------------------------------------------
- */
-int storage_storagegettocart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                              int amount)
-{
-    struct storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id));
-
-    if (!stor->storage_status)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_STORAGE)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (stor->storage_[index].nameid <= 0)
-        return 0;               //Nothing there.
-
-    if (amount < 1 || amount > stor->storage_[index].amount)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (pc_cart_additem (sd, &stor->storage_[index], amount) == 0)
-        storage_delitem (sd, stor, index, amount);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-/*==========================================
  * Modified By Valaris to save upon closing [massdriller]
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int storage_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int storage_storageclose(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id));
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
+    stor = account2storage2(sd->status.account_id);
+    nullpo_ret(stor);
 
-    clif_storageclose (sd);
+    clif_storageclose(sd);
     if (stor->storage_status)
     {
         if (save_settings & 4)
-            chrif_save (sd);    //Invokes the storage saving as well.
+            chrif_save(sd);    //Invokes the storage saving as well.
         else
-            storage_storage_save (sd->status.account_id, 0);
+            storage_storage_save(sd->status.account_id, 0);
     }
     stor->storage_status = 0;
-    sd->state.storage_flag = 0;
+    sd->state.storage_open = 0;
 
     if (sd->npc_flags.storage)
     {
         sd->npc_flags.storage = 0;
-        map_scriptcont (sd, sd->npc_id);
+        map_scriptcont(sd, sd->npc_id);
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -397,38 +281,28 @@ int storage_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * When quitting the game.
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-int storage_storage_quit (struct map_session_data *sd)
+int storage_storage_quit(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
 
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
+    nullpo_ret(sd);
 
-    stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id);
+    stor = account2storage2(sd->status.account_id);
     if (stor)
     {
-        chrif_save (sd);        //Invokes the storage saving as well.
+        chrif_save(sd);        //Invokes the storage saving as well.
         stor->storage_status = 0;
-        sd->state.storage_flag = 0;
+        sd->state.storage_open = 0;
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-void storage_storage_dirty (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct storage *stor;
-
-    stor = account2storage2 (sd->status.account_id);
-
-    if (stor)
-        stor->dirty = 1;
-}
-
-int storage_storage_save (int account_id, int final)
+int storage_storage_save(int account_id, int final)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
 
-    stor = account2storage2 (account_id);
+    stor = account2storage2(account_id);
     if (!stor)
         return 0;
 
@@ -439,12 +313,12 @@ int storage_storage_save (int account_id, int final)
             stor->dirty = 2;
             stor->storage_status = 0;   //To prevent further manipulation of it.
         }
-        intif_send_storage (stor);
+        intif_send_storage(stor);
         return 1;
     }
     if (final)
     {                           //Clear storage from memory. Nothing to save.
-        storage_delete (account_id);
+        storage_delete(account_id);
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -452,337 +326,18 @@ int storage_storage_save (int account_id, int final)
 }
 
 //Ack from Char-server indicating the storage was saved. [Skotlex]
-int storage_storage_saved (int account_id)
+int storage_storage_saved(int account_id)
 {
     struct storage *stor;
 
-    if ((stor = account2storage2 (account_id)) != NULL)
+    if ((stor = account2storage2(account_id)) != NULL)
     {                           //Only mark it clean if it's not in use. [Skotlex]
         if (stor->dirty && stor->storage_status == 0)
         {
             stor->dirty = 0;
-            sortage_sortitem (stor);
+            sortage_sortitem(stor);
         }
         return 1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
-
-struct guild_storage *guild2storage (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gs = NULL;
-    if (guild_search (guild_id) != NULL)
-    {
-        gs = (struct guild_storage *) numdb_search (guild_storage_db,
-                                                    guild_id);
-        if (gs == NULL)
-        {
-            CREATE (gs, struct guild_storage, 1);
-            gs->guild_id = guild_id;
-            numdb_insert (guild_storage_db, gs->guild_id, gs);
-        }
-    }
-    return gs;
-}
-
-static
-struct guild_storage *guild2storage2 (int guild_id)
-{                               //For just locating a storage without creating one. [Skotlex]
-    return (struct guild_storage *) numdb_search (guild_storage_db, guild_id);
-}
-
-int guild_storage_delete (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gstor =
-        (struct guild_storage *) numdb_search (guild_storage_db, guild_id);
-    if (gstor)
-    {
-        numdb_erase (guild_storage_db, guild_id);
-        free (gstor);
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storageopen (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *gstor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-
-    if (sd->status.guild_id <= 0)
-        return 2;
-
-    if (sd->state.storage_flag)
-        return 1;               //Can't open both storages at a time.
-
-    if ((gstor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id)) == NULL)
-    {
-        intif_request_guild_storage (sd->status.account_id,
-                                     sd->status.guild_id);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (gstor->storage_status)
-        return 1;
-
-    gstor->storage_status = 1;
-    sd->state.storage_flag = 2;
-    clif_guildstorageitemlist (sd, gstor);
-    clif_guildstorageequiplist (sd, gstor);
-    clif_updateguildstorageamount (sd, gstor);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_storage_additem (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           struct guild_storage *stor, struct item *item_data,
-                           int amount)
-{
-    struct item_data *data;
-    int  i;
-
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (1, stor);
-    nullpo_retr (1, item_data);
-    nullpo_retr (1, data = itemdb_search (item_data->nameid));
-
-    if (item_data->nameid <= 0 || amount <= 0)
-        return 1;
-
-    if (!itemdb_isequip2 (data))
-    {                           //Stackable
-        for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILD_STORAGE; i++)
-        {
-            if (compare_item (&stor->storage_[i], item_data))
-            {
-                if (stor->storage_[i].amount + amount > MAX_AMOUNT)
-                    return 1;
-                stor->storage_[i].amount += amount;
-                clif_guildstorageitemadded (sd, stor, i, amount);
-                stor->dirty = 1;
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    //Add item
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_GUILD_STORAGE && stor->storage_[i].nameid; i++);
-
-    if (i >= MAX_GUILD_STORAGE)
-        return 1;
-
-    memcpy (&stor->storage_[i], item_data, sizeof (stor->storage_[0]));
-    stor->storage_[i].amount = amount;
-    stor->storage_amount++;
-    clif_guildstorageitemadded (sd, stor, i, amount);
-    clif_updateguildstorageamount (sd, stor);
-    stor->dirty = 1;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int guild_storage_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                           struct guild_storage *stor, int n, int amount)
-{
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (1, stor);
-
-    if (stor->storage_[n].nameid == 0 || stor->storage_[n].amount < amount)
-        return 1;
-
-    stor->storage_[n].amount -= amount;
-    if (stor->storage_[n].amount == 0)
-    {
-        memset (&stor->storage_[n], 0, sizeof (stor->storage_[0]));
-        stor->storage_amount--;
-        clif_updateguildstorageamount (sd, stor);
-    }
-    clif_storageitemremoved (sd, n, amount);
-    stor->dirty = 1;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storageadd (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                              int amount)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id));
-
-    if (!stor->storage_status || stor->storage_amount > MAX_GUILD_STORAGE)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_INVENTORY)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->status.inventory[index].nameid <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (amount < 1 || amount > sd->status.inventory[index].amount)
-        return 0;
-
-//  log_tostorage(sd, index, 1);
-    if (guild_storage_additem (sd, stor, &sd->status.inventory[index], amount)
-        == 0)
-        pc_delitem (sd, index, amount, 0);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storageget (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                              int amount)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-    int  flag;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id));
-
-    if (!stor->storage_status)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_GUILD_STORAGE)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (stor->storage_[index].nameid <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (amount < 1 || amount > stor->storage_[index].amount)
-        return 0;
-
-    if ((flag = pc_additem (sd, &stor->storage_[index], amount)) == 0)
-        guild_storage_delitem (sd, stor, index, amount);
-    else
-        clif_additem (sd, 0, 0, flag);
-//  log_fromstorage(sd, index, 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storageaddfromcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                                      int amount)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id));
-
-    if (!stor->storage_status || stor->storage_amount > MAX_GUILD_STORAGE)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_CART)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (sd->status.cart[index].nameid <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (amount < 1 || amount > sd->status.cart[index].amount)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (guild_storage_additem (sd, stor, &sd->status.cart[index], amount) ==
-        0)
-        pc_cart_delitem (sd, index, amount, 0);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storagegettocart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                                    int amount)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id));
-
-    if (!stor->storage_status)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (index < 0 || index >= MAX_GUILD_STORAGE)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (stor->storage_[index].nameid <= 0)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (amount < 1 || amount > stor->storage_[index].amount)
-        return 0;
-
-    if (pc_cart_additem (sd, &stor->storage_[index], amount) == 0)
-        guild_storage_delitem (sd, stor, index, amount);
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storagesave (int account_id, int guild_id, int flag)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor = guild2storage2 (guild_id);
-
-    if (stor)
-    {
-        if (flag)               //Char quitting, close it.
-            stor->storage_status = 0;
-        if (stor->dirty)
-            intif_send_guild_storage (account_id, stor);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storagesaved (int guild_id)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-
-    if ((stor = guild2storage2 (guild_id)) != NULL)
-    {
-        if (stor->dirty && stor->storage_status == 0)
-        {                       //Storage has been correctly saved.
-            stor->dirty = 0;
-            sortage_gsortitem (stor);
-        }
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id));
-
-    clif_storageclose (sd);
-    chrif_save (sd);            //This one also saves the storage. [Skotlex]
-
-    stor->storage_status = 0;
-    sd->state.storage_flag = 0;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int storage_guild_storage_quit (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag)
-{
-    struct guild_storage *stor;
-
-    nullpo_retr (0, sd);
-    nullpo_retr (0, stor = guild2storage2 (sd->status.guild_id));
-
-    if (flag)
-    {                           //Only during a guild break flag is 1 (don't save storage)
-        sd->state.storage_flag = 0;
-        stor->storage_status = 0;
-        clif_storageclose (sd);
-        if (save_settings & 4)
-            chrif_save (sd);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (stor->storage_status)
-    {
-        if (save_settings & 4)
-            chrif_save (sd);
-        else
-            storage_guild_storagesave (sd->status.account_id,
-                                       sd->status.guild_id, 1);
-    }
-    sd->state.storage_flag = 0;
-    stor->storage_status = 0;
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/map/storage.hpp b/src/map/storage.hpp
index 22625df..1974efb 100644
--- a/src/map/storage.hpp
+++ b/src/map/storage.hpp
@@ -1,54 +1,19 @@
 // Copyright (c) Athena Dev Teams - Licensed under GNU GPL
-// For more information, see LICENCE in the main folder
+// For more information, see COPYING in the main folder
 
 #ifndef STORAGE_HPP
 #define STORAGE_HPP
 
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
+int storage_storageopen(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int storage_storageadd(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount);
+int storage_storageget(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount);
+int storage_storageclose(struct map_session_data *sd);
+void do_init_storage(void);
+void do_final_storage(void);
+struct storage *account2storage(int account_id);
+struct storage *account2storage2(int account_id);
+int storage_storage_quit(struct map_session_data *sd);
+int storage_storage_save(int account_id, int final);
+int storage_storage_saved(int account_id);
 
-int  storage_storageopen (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  storage_storageadd (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount);
-int  storage_storageget (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount);
-int  storage_storageaddfromcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                                 int amount);
-int  storage_storagegettocart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                               int amount);
-int  storage_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  do_init_storage (void);
-void do_final_storage (void);
-void do_reconnect_storage (void);
-struct storage *account2storage (int account_id);
-struct storage *account2storage2 (int account_id);
-int  storage_delete (int account_id);
-int  storage_storage_quit (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  storage_storage_save (int account_id, int final);
-int  storage_storage_saved (int account_id);    //Ack from char server that guild store was saved.
-void storage_storage_dirty (struct map_session_data *sd);
-
-struct guild_storage *guild2storage (int guild_id);
-int  guild_storage_delete (int guild_id);
-int  storage_guild_storageopen (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  guild_storage_additem (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            struct guild_storage *stor,
-                            struct item *item_data, int amount);
-int  guild_storage_delitem (struct map_session_data *sd,
-                            struct guild_storage *stor, int n, int amount);
-int  storage_guild_storageadd (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                               int amount);
-int  storage_guild_storageget (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                               int amount);
-int  storage_guild_storageaddfromcart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                                       int amount);
-int  storage_guild_storagegettocart (struct map_session_data *sd, int index,
-                                     int amount);
-int  storage_guild_storageclose (struct map_session_data *sd);
-int  storage_guild_storage_quit (struct map_session_data *sd, int flag);
-int  storage_guild_storagesave (int account_id, int guild_id, int flag);
-int  storage_guild_storagesaved (int guild_id); //Ack from char server that guild store was saved.
-
-int  storage_comp_item (const void *_i1, const void *_i2);
-//int storage_comp_item(const struct item* i1, const struct item* i2);
-void sortage_sortitem (struct storage *stor);
-void sortage_gsortitem (struct guild_storage *gstor);
-
-#endif
+#endif // STORAGE_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/tmw.cpp b/src/map/tmw.cpp
index 4b1831b..66b8bb9 100644
--- a/src/map/tmw.cpp
+++ b/src/map/tmw.cpp
@@ -1,62 +1,55 @@
-//
-
-#include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
 #include "tmw.hpp"
 
-#include "../common/socket.hpp"
-#include "../common/timer.hpp"
-#include "../common/version.hpp"
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
 #include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 
 #include "atcommand.hpp"
 #include "battle.hpp"
-#include "chat.hpp"
 #include "chrif.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
-#include "guild.hpp"
 #include "intif.hpp"
-#include "itemdb.hpp"
-#include "magic.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
-#include "mob.hpp"
-#include "npc.hpp"
-#include "party.hpp"
 #include "pc.hpp"
-#include "script.hpp"
-#include "skill.hpp"
-#include "storage.hpp"
-#include "trade.hpp"
 
-int tmw_CheckChatSpam (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
+#include "../poison.hpp"
+
+static
+void tmw_AutoBan(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reason, int length);
+static
+int tmw_CheckChatLameness(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message);
+static
+int tmw_ShorterStrlen(const char *s1, const char *s2);
+
+
+int tmw_CheckChatSpam(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
 {
-    nullpo_retr (1, sd);
-    time_t now = time (NULL);
+    nullpo_retr(1, sd);
+    TimeT now = TimeT::now();
 
-    if (pc_isGM (sd))
+    if (pc_isGM(sd))
         return 0;
 
     if (now > sd->chat_reset_due)
     {
-        sd->chat_reset_due = now + battle_config.chat_spam_threshold;
+        sd->chat_reset_due = static_cast<time_t>(now) + battle_config.chat_spam_threshold;
         sd->chat_lines_in = 0;
     }
 
     if (now > sd->chat_repeat_reset_due)
     {
         sd->chat_repeat_reset_due =
-            now + (battle_config.chat_spam_threshold * 60);
+            static_cast<time_t>(now) + (battle_config.chat_spam_threshold * 60);
         sd->chat_total_repeats = 0;
     }
 
     sd->chat_lines_in++;
 
     // Penalty for repeats.
-    if (strncmp
-        (sd->chat_lastmsg, message,
-         tmw_ShorterStrlen (sd->chat_lastmsg, message)) == 0)
+    if (strncmp(sd->chat_lastmsg, message,
+         tmw_ShorterStrlen(sd->chat_lastmsg, message)) == 0)
     {
         sd->chat_lines_in += battle_config.chat_lame_penalty;
         sd->chat_total_repeats++;
@@ -67,17 +60,17 @@ int tmw_CheckChatSpam (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
     }
 
     // Penalty for lame, it can stack on top of the repeat penalty.
-    if (tmw_CheckChatLameness (sd, message))
+    if (tmw_CheckChatLameness(sd, message))
         sd->chat_lines_in += battle_config.chat_lame_penalty;
 
-    strncpy ((char *) sd->chat_lastmsg, message, battle_config.chat_maxline);
+    strncpy((char *) sd->chat_lastmsg, message, battle_config.chat_maxline);
 
     if (sd->chat_lines_in >= battle_config.chat_spam_flood
         || sd->chat_total_repeats >= battle_config.chat_spam_flood)
     {
         sd->chat_lines_in = sd->chat_total_repeats = 0;
 
-        tmw_AutoBan (sd, "chat", battle_config.chat_spam_ban);
+        tmw_AutoBan(sd, "chat", battle_config.chat_spam_ban);
 
         return 1;
     }
@@ -86,8 +79,8 @@ int tmw_CheckChatSpam (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
         (sd->chat_lines_in >= battle_config.chat_spam_warn
          || sd->chat_total_repeats >= battle_config.chat_spam_warn))
     {
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "WARNING: You are about to be automatically banned for spam!");
-        clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, "WARNING: Please slow down, do not repeat, and do not SHOUT!");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "WARNING: You are about to be automatically banned for spam!");
+        clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, "WARNING: Please slow down, do not repeat, and do not SHOUT!");
     }
 
     return 0;
@@ -95,43 +88,44 @@ int tmw_CheckChatSpam (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
 
 void tmw_AutoBan(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reason, int length)
 {
-    char anotherbuf[512];
-
     if (length == 0 || sd->auto_ban_info.in_progress)
         return;
 
     sd->auto_ban_info.in_progress = 1;
 
-    tmw_GmHackMsg ("%s has been autobanned for %s spam",
-                   sd->status.name, reason);
+    std::string hack_msg = STRPRINTF("[GM] %s has been autobanned for %s spam",
+            sd->status.name,
+            reason);
+    tmw_GmHackMsg(hack_msg);
 
-    gm_log ("%s(%d,%d) Server : @autoban %s %dh (%s spam)",
-            map[sd->bl.m].name, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y,
+    std::string fake_command = STRPRINTF("@autoban %s %dh (%s spam)",
             sd->status.name, length, reason);
+    log_atcommand(sd, fake_command);
 
-    snprintf (anotherbuf, 511, "You have been banned for %s spamming. Please do not spam.", reason);
+    std::string anotherbuf = STRPRINTF("You have been banned for %s spamming. Please do not spam.",
+            reason);
 
-    clif_displaymessage (sd->fd, anotherbuf);
-    /* type: 2 - ban (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) */
-    chrif_char_ask_name (-1, sd->status.name, 2, 0, 0, 0, length, 0, 0);
-    clif_setwaitclose (sd->fd);
+    clif_displaymessage(sd->fd, anotherbuf);
+    /* type: 2 - ban(year, month, day, hour, minute, second) */
+    chrif_char_ask_name(-1, sd->status.name, 2, 0, 0, 0, length, 0, 0);
+    clif_setwaitclose(sd->fd);
 }
 
 // Compares the length of two strings and returns that of the shorter
-int tmw_ShorterStrlen (const char *s1, const char *s2)
+int tmw_ShorterStrlen(const char *s1, const char *s2)
 {
-    int  s1_len = strlen (s1);
-    int  s2_len = strlen (s2);
+    int s1_len = strlen(s1);
+    int s2_len = strlen(s2);
     return (s2_len >= s1_len ? s1_len : s2_len);
 }
 
 // Returns true if more than 50% of input message is caps or punctuation
-int tmw_CheckChatLameness (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
+int tmw_CheckChatLameness(struct map_session_data *, const char *message)
 {
-    int  count, lame;
+    int count, lame;
 
     for (count = lame = 0; *message; message++, count++)
-        if (isupper (*message) || ispunct (*message))
+        if (isupper(*message) || ispunct(*message))
             lame++;
 
     if (count > 7 && lame > count / 2)
@@ -141,26 +135,15 @@ int tmw_CheckChatLameness (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message)
 }
 
 // Sends a whisper to all GMs
-void tmw_GmHackMsg (const char *fmt, ...)
+void tmw_GmHackMsg(const_string line)
 {
-    char buf[512];
-    va_list ap;
-
-    va_start (ap, fmt);
-    vsnprintf (buf, 511, fmt, ap);
-    va_end (ap);
-
-    char outbuf[512 + 5];
-    strcpy (outbuf, "[GM] ");
-    strcat (outbuf, buf);
-
-    intif_wis_message_to_gm (wisp_server_name,
-                             battle_config.hack_info_GM_level, outbuf,
-                             strlen (outbuf) + 1);
+    intif_wis_message_to_gm(wisp_server_name,
+                             battle_config.hack_info_GM_level,
+                             line.data(), line.size() + 1);
 }
 
 /* Remove leading and trailing spaces from a string, modifying in place. */
-void tmw_TrimStr (char *str)
+void tmw_TrimStr(char *str)
 {
     char *l;
     char *a;
@@ -169,16 +152,16 @@ void tmw_TrimStr (char *str)
     if (!*str)
         return;
 
-    e = str + strlen (str) - 1;
+    e = str + strlen(str) - 1;
 
     /* Skip all leading spaces. */
-    for (l = str; *l && isspace (*l); ++l)
+    for (l = str; *l && isspace(*l); ++l)
         ;
 
     /* Find the end of the string, or the start of trailing spaces. */
-    for (a = e; *a && a > l && isspace (*a); --a)
+    for (a = e; *a && a > l && isspace(*a); --a)
         ;
 
-    memmove (str, l, a - l + 1);
+    memmove(str, l, a - l + 1);
     str[a - l + 1] = '\0';
 }
diff --git a/src/map/tmw.hpp b/src/map/tmw.hpp
index 71de462..d64f45e 100644
--- a/src/map/tmw.hpp
+++ b/src/map/tmw.hpp
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
-//
 #ifndef TMW_HPP
 #define TMW_HPP
 
-#include "map.hpp"
+#include "../common/const_array.hpp"
 
-int  tmw_CheckChatSpam (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message);
-int  tmw_ShorterStrlen (const char *s1, const char *s2);
-int  tmw_CheckChatLameness (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message);
-__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
-void tmw_GmHackMsg (const char *fmt, ...);
-void tmw_AutoBan (struct map_session_data *sd, const char *reason, int length);
-void tmw_TrimStr (char *str);
+int tmw_CheckChatSpam(struct map_session_data *sd, const char *message);
+void tmw_GmHackMsg(const_string line);
+void tmw_TrimStr(char *str);
 
-#endif /* TMW_H_ */
+#endif // TMW_HPP
diff --git a/src/map/trade.cpp b/src/map/trade.cpp
index 147db1b..6e81602 100644
--- a/src/map/trade.cpp
+++ b/src/map/trade.cpp
@@ -1,45 +1,47 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
+#include "trade.hpp"
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
 
+#include "battle.hpp"
 #include "clif.hpp"
 #include "itemdb.hpp"
 #include "map.hpp"
-#include "trade.hpp"
-#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "npc.hpp"
-#include "battle.hpp"
+#include "pc.hpp"
 #include "storage.hpp"
-#include "../common/nullpo.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
 /*==========================================
  * �引�請を相手��る
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void trade_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id)
+void trade_traderequest(struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd (target_id)) != NULL)
+    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd(target_id)) != NULL)
     {
         if (!battle_config.invite_request_check)
         {
-            if (target_sd->guild_invite > 0 || target_sd->party_invite > 0)
+            if (target_sd->party_invite > 0)
             {
-                clif_tradestart (sd, 2);    // 相手�PT�請中�Guild�請中
+                clif_tradestart(sd, 2);    // 相手�PT�請中�Guild�請中
                 return;
             }
         }
         if (target_sd->npc_id)
         {
             //Trade fails if you are using an NPC.
-            clif_tradestart (sd, 2);
+            clif_tradestart(sd, 2);
             return;
         }
         if ((target_sd->trade_partner != 0) || (sd->trade_partner != 0))
         {
-            trade_tradecancel (sd); //person is in another trade
+            trade_tradecancel(sd); //person is in another trade
         }
         else
         {
@@ -49,19 +51,19 @@ void trade_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id)
                 || (sd->bl.y - target_sd->bl.y <= -5
                     || sd->bl.y - target_sd->bl.y >= 5))
             {
-                clif_tradestart (sd, 0);    //too far
+                clif_tradestart(sd, 0);    //too far
             }
             else if (sd != target_sd)
             {
                 target_sd->trade_partner = sd->status.account_id;
                 sd->trade_partner = target_sd->status.account_id;
-                clif_traderequest (target_sd, sd->status.name);
+                clif_traderequest(target_sd, sd->status.name);
             }
         }
     }
     else
     {
-        clif_tradestart (sd, 1);    //character does not exist
+        clif_tradestart(sd, 1);    //character does not exist
     }
 }
 
@@ -69,15 +71,15 @@ void trade_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id)
  * �引�請
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void trade_tradeack (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
+void trade_tradeack(struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd (sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
+    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd(sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
     {
-        clif_tradestart (target_sd, type);
-        clif_tradestart (sd, type);
+        clif_tradestart(target_sd, type);
+        clif_tradestart(sd, type);
         if (type == 4)
         {                       // Cancel
             sd->deal_locked = 0;
@@ -86,15 +88,13 @@ void trade_tradeack (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
             target_sd->trade_partner = 0;
         }
         if (sd->npc_id != 0)
-            npc_event_dequeue (sd);
+            npc_event_dequeue(sd);
         if (target_sd->npc_id != 0)
-            npc_event_dequeue (target_sd);
+            npc_event_dequeue(target_sd);
 
         //close STORAGE window if it's open. It protects from spooffing packets [Lupus]
-        if (sd->state.storage_flag == 1)
-            storage_storageclose (sd);
-        else if (sd->state.storage_flag == 2)
-            storage_guild_storageclose (sd);
+        if (sd->state.storage_open)
+            storage_storageclose(sd);
     }
 }
 
@@ -102,19 +102,19 @@ void trade_tradeack (struct map_session_data *sd, int type)
  * アイテム追加
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
+void trade_tradeadditem(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
     struct item_data *id;
-    int  trade_i;
-    int  trade_weight = 0;
-    int  free = 0;
-    int  c;
-    int  i;
+    int trade_i;
+    int trade_weight = 0;
+    int free = 0;
+    int c;
+    int i;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if (((target_sd = map_id2sd (sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
+    if (((target_sd = map_id2sd(sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
         && (sd->deal_locked < 1))
     {
         if (index < 2 || index >= MAX_INVENTORY + 2)
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
             if (index == 0 && amount > 0 && amount <= sd->status.zeny)
             {
                 sd->deal_zeny = amount;
-                clif_tradeadditem (sd, target_sd, 0, amount);
+                clif_tradeadditem(sd, target_sd, 0, amount);
             }
         }
         else if (amount <= sd->status.inventory[index - 2].amount
@@ -151,8 +151,10 @@ void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
                             && target_sd->inventory_data[i] != NULL)
                         {
                             id = target_sd->inventory_data[i];
-                            if (id->type != 4 && id->type != 5
-                                && id->type != 7 && id->type != 8)
+                            if (id->type != ItemType::WEAPON
+                                && id->type != ItemType::ARMOR
+                                && id->type != ItemType::_7
+                                && id->type != ItemType::_8)
                             {
                                 free++;
                                 break;
@@ -163,13 +165,11 @@ void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
                     if (target_sd->weight + trade_weight >
                         target_sd->max_weight)
                     {
-                        clif_tradeitemok (sd, index, 0, 1); //fail to add item -- the player was over weighted.
-                        amount = 0; // [MouseJstr]
+                        clif_tradeitemok(sd, index, 0, 1); //fail to add item -- the player was over weighted.
                     }
                     else if (free <= 0)
                     {
-                        clif_tradeitemok (sd, index, 0, 2); //fail to add item -- no free slots at receiver
-                        amount = 0; // peavey
+                        clif_tradeitemok(sd, index, 0, 2); //fail to add item -- no free slots at receiver
                     }
                     else
                     {
@@ -177,15 +177,15 @@ void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
                         {       // re-deal exploit protection [Valaris]
                             if (sd->deal_item_index[c] == index)
                             {
-                                trade_tradecancel (sd);
+                                trade_tradecancel(sd);
                                 return;
                             }
                         }
-                        pc_unequipinvyitem (sd, index - 2, 0);
+                        pc_unequipinvyitem(sd, index - 2, CalcStatus::NOW);
                         sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] = index;
                         sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] += amount;
-                        clif_tradeitemok (sd, index, amount, 0);    //success to add item
-                        clif_tradeadditem (sd, target_sd, index, amount);
+                        clif_tradeitemok(sd, index, amount, 0);    //success to add item
+                        clif_tradeadditem(sd, target_sd, index, amount);
                     }
                     break;
                 }
@@ -205,8 +205,10 @@ void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
                             && target_sd->inventory_data[i] != NULL)
                         {
                             id = target_sd->inventory_data[i];
-                            if (id->type != 4 && id->type != 5
-                                && id->type != 7 && id->type != 8)
+                            if (id->type != ItemType::WEAPON
+                                && id->type != ItemType::ARMOR
+                                && id->type != ItemType::_7
+                                && id->type != ItemType::_8)
                             {
                                 free++;
                                 break;
@@ -225,12 +227,12 @@ void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount)
  * アイテム追加完了(ok押�)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void trade_tradeok (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void trade_tradeok(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
-    int  trade_i;
+    int trade_i;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
     for (trade_i = 0; trade_i < 10; trade_i++)
     {
@@ -238,18 +240,18 @@ void trade_tradeok (struct map_session_data *sd)
             sd->status.inventory[sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2].amount
             || sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] < 0)
         {
-            trade_tradecancel (sd);
+            trade_tradecancel(sd);
             return;
         }
 
     }
 
-    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd (sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
+    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd(sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
     {
         sd->deal_locked = 1;
-        clif_tradeitemok (sd, 0, 0, 0);
-        clif_tradedeal_lock (sd, 0);
-        clif_tradedeal_lock (target_sd, 1);
+        clif_tradeitemok(sd, 0, 0, 0);
+        clif_tradedeal_lock(sd, 0);
+        clif_tradedeal_lock(target_sd, 1);
     }
 }
 
@@ -257,29 +259,32 @@ void trade_tradeok (struct map_session_data *sd)
  * �引キャンセル
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void trade_tradecancel (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void trade_tradecancel(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
-    int  trade_i;
+    int trade_i;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd (sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
+    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd(sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
     {
         for (trade_i = 0; trade_i < 10; trade_i++)
         {                       //give items back (only virtual)
             if (sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] != 0)
             {
-                clif_additem (sd, sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2,
-                              sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i], 0);
+                clif_additem(sd,
+                        sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2,
+                        sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
+                        PickupFail::OKAY);
                 sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] = 0;
                 sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] = 0;
             }
             if (target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] != 0)
             {
-                clif_additem (target_sd,
-                              target_sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2,
-                              target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i], 0);
+                clif_additem(target_sd,
+                        target_sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2,
+                        target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
+                        PickupFail::OKAY);
                 target_sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] = 0;
                 target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] = 0;
             }
@@ -287,38 +292,36 @@ void trade_tradecancel (struct map_session_data *sd)
         if (sd->deal_zeny)
         {
             sd->deal_zeny = 0;
-            clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
+            clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
         }
         if (target_sd->deal_zeny)
         {
-            clif_updatestatus (target_sd, SP_ZENY);
+            clif_updatestatus(target_sd, SP::ZENY);
             target_sd->deal_zeny = 0;
         }
         sd->deal_locked = 0;
         sd->trade_partner = 0;
         target_sd->deal_locked = 0;
         target_sd->trade_partner = 0;
-        clif_tradecancelled (sd);
-        clif_tradecancelled (target_sd);
+        clif_tradecancelled(sd);
+        clif_tradecancelled(target_sd);
     }
 }
 
-#define MAP_LOG_PC(sd, fmt, args...) MAP_LOG("PC%d %d:%d,%d " fmt, sd->status.char_id, sd->bl.m, sd->bl.x, sd->bl.y, ## args)
-
 /*==========================================
  * �引許諾(trade押�)
  *------------------------------------------
  */
-void trade_tradecommit (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void trade_tradecommit(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
-    int  trade_i;
+    int trade_i;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd (sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
+    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd(sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
     {
-        MAP_LOG_PC (sd, " TRADECOMMIT WITH %d GIVE %d GET %d",
+        MAP_LOG_PC(sd, " TRADECOMMIT WITH %d GIVE %d GET %d",
                     target_sd->status.char_id, sd->deal_zeny,
                     target_sd->deal_zeny);
         if ((sd->deal_locked >= 1) && (target_sd->deal_locked >= 1))
@@ -332,15 +335,15 @@ void trade_tradecommit (struct map_session_data *sd)
                 if (sd->deal_zeny > sd->status.zeny)
                 {
                     sd->deal_zeny = 0;
-                    trade_tradecancel (sd);
-                    MAP_LOG_PC (sd, " TRADECANCEL");
+                    trade_tradecancel(sd);
+                    MAP_LOG_PC(sd, " TRADECANCEL");
                     return;
                 }
                 if (target_sd->deal_zeny > target_sd->status.zeny)
                 {
                     target_sd->deal_zeny = 0;
-                    trade_tradecancel (sd);
-                    MAP_LOG_PC (sd, " TRADECANCEL");
+                    trade_tradecancel(sd);
+                    MAP_LOG_PC(sd, " TRADECANCEL");
                     return;
                 }
                 sd->trade_partner = 0;
@@ -349,62 +352,62 @@ void trade_tradecommit (struct map_session_data *sd)
                 {
                     if (sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] != 0)
                     {
-                        int  n = sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2;
-                        int  flag;
-                        flag =
-                            pc_additem (target_sd, &sd->status.inventory[n],
-                                        sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i]);
-                        if (flag == 0)
-                            pc_delitem (sd, n, sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
+                        int n = sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2;
+                        PickupFail flag = pc_additem(target_sd,
+                                &sd->status.inventory[n],
+                                sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i]);
+                        if (flag == PickupFail::OKAY)
+                            pc_delitem(sd, n, sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
                                         1);
                         else
-                            clif_additem (sd, n,
-                                          sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i], 0);
+                            clif_additem(sd, n,
+                                    sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
+                                    PickupFail::OKAY);
                         sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] = 0;
                         sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] = 0;
                     }
                     if (target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] != 0)
                     {
-                        int  n = target_sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2;
-                        int  flag;
-                        flag =
-                            pc_additem (sd, &target_sd->status.inventory[n],
-                                        target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i]);
-                        if (flag == 0)
-                            pc_delitem (target_sd, n,
+                        int n = target_sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] - 2;
+                        PickupFail flag = pc_additem(sd,
+                                &target_sd->status.inventory[n],
+                                target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i]);
+                        if (flag == PickupFail::OKAY)
+                            pc_delitem(target_sd, n,
                                         target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
                                         1);
                         else
-                            clif_additem (target_sd, n,
-                                          target_sd->deal_item_amount
-                                          [trade_i], 0);
+                            clif_additem(target_sd, n,
+
+                                    target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i],
+                                    PickupFail::OKAY);
                         target_sd->deal_item_index[trade_i] = 0;
                         target_sd->deal_item_amount[trade_i] = 0;
                     }
                 }
                 if (sd->deal_zeny)
                 {
-                    int  deal = sd->deal_zeny;
+                    int deal = sd->deal_zeny;
                     sd->deal_zeny = 0;
                     sd->status.zeny -= deal;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
+                    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
                     target_sd->status.zeny += deal;
-                    clif_updatestatus (target_sd, SP_ZENY);
+                    clif_updatestatus(target_sd, SP::ZENY);
                 }
                 if (target_sd->deal_zeny)
                 {
-                    int  deal = target_sd->deal_zeny;
+                    int deal = target_sd->deal_zeny;
                     target_sd->deal_zeny = 0;
                     target_sd->status.zeny -= deal;
-                    clif_updatestatus (target_sd, SP_ZENY);
+                    clif_updatestatus(target_sd, SP::ZENY);
                     sd->status.zeny += deal;
-                    clif_updatestatus (sd, SP_ZENY);
+                    clif_updatestatus(sd, SP::ZENY);
                 }
                 sd->deal_locked = 0;
                 target_sd->deal_locked = 0;
-                clif_tradecompleted (sd, 0);
-                clif_tradecompleted (target_sd, 0);
-                MAP_LOG_PC (sd, " TRADEOK");
+                clif_tradecompleted(sd, 0);
+                clif_tradecompleted(target_sd, 0);
+                MAP_LOG_PC(sd, " TRADEOK");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -413,20 +416,20 @@ void trade_tradecommit (struct map_session_data *sd)
 // This is called when a char's zeny is changed
 // This helps prevent money duplication and other problems
 // [Jaxad0127]
-void trade_verifyzeny (struct map_session_data *sd)
+void trade_verifyzeny(struct map_session_data *sd)
 {
     struct map_session_data *target_sd;
 
-    nullpo_retv (sd);
+    nullpo_retv(sd);
 
-    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd (sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
+    if ((target_sd = map_id2sd(sd->trade_partner)) != NULL)
     {
         if (sd->deal_zeny > sd->status.zeny)
         {
             if (sd->deal_locked < 1)
-                trade_tradeadditem (sd, 0, sd->status.zeny);    // Fix money ammount
+                trade_tradeadditem(sd, 0, sd->status.zeny);    // Fix money ammount
             else
-                trade_tradecancel (sd); // Or cancel the trade if we can't fix it
+                trade_tradecancel(sd); // Or cancel the trade if we can't fix it
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/map/trade.hpp b/src/map/trade.hpp
index 1e885f4..0edca9c 100644
--- a/src/map/trade.hpp
+++ b/src/map/trade.hpp
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-// $Id: trade.h,v 1.2 2004/09/25 05:32:19 MouseJstr Exp $
 #ifndef TRADE_HPP
 #define TRADE_HPP
 
-#include "map.hpp"
-void trade_traderequest (struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id);
-void trade_tradeack (struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
-void trade_tradeadditem (struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount);
-void trade_tradeok (struct map_session_data *sd);
-void trade_tradecancel (struct map_session_data *sd);
-void trade_tradecommit (struct map_session_data *sd);
-void trade_verifyzeny (struct map_session_data *sd);
+void trade_traderequest(struct map_session_data *sd, int target_id);
+void trade_tradeack(struct map_session_data *sd, int type);
+void trade_tradeadditem(struct map_session_data *sd, int index, int amount);
+void trade_tradeok(struct map_session_data *sd);
+void trade_tradecancel(struct map_session_data *sd);
+void trade_tradecommit(struct map_session_data *sd);
+void trade_verifyzeny(struct map_session_data *sd);
 
 #endif // TRADE_HPP
diff --git a/src/poison.hpp b/src/poison.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11ea41d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/poison.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// impossible(*) to use safely
+// removed in C11
+#pragma GCC poison gets
+
+// TODO fill in as they are removed from source code:
+// double (use a fixed class)
+#pragma GCC poison float
+// mem* and str* from <string.h>, in favor of <algorithm>
+
+// Local time is forbidden.
+#pragma GCC poison timelocal // timegm
+#pragma GCC poison mktime // timegm
+#pragma GCC poison localtime // gmtime
+#pragma GCC poison localtime_r // gmtime_r
+
+#pragma GCC poison time // TimeT::now() or gettick()
diff --git a/src/tool/adduser.cpp b/src/tool/adduser.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1954b66..0000000
--- a/src/tool/adduser.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-/*
-	This program adds an user to account.txt
-	Don't usr it When login-sever is working.
-*/
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-char *account_txt = "../save/account.txt";
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------
-// Function to suppress control characters in a string.
-//-----------------------------------------------------
-int remove_control_chars (unsigned char *str)
-{
-    int  i;
-    int  change = 0;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[i]; i++)
-    {
-        if (str[i] < 32)
-        {
-            str[i] = '_';
-            change = 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return change;
-}
-
-int main (int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-
-    char username[24];
-    char password[24];
-    char sex[2];
-
-    int  next_id, id;
-    char line[1024];
-
-    // Check to see if account.txt exists.
-    printf ("Checking if '%s' file exists...\n", account_txt);
-    FILE *FPaccin = fopen (account_txt, "r");
-    if (FPaccin == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("'%s' file not found!\n", account_txt);
-        printf ("Run the setup wizard please.\n");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    next_id = 2000000;
-    while (fgets (line, sizeof (line) - 1, FPaccin))
-    {
-        if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (sscanf (line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n", &id) == 1)
-        {
-            if (next_id < id)
-            {
-                next_id = id;
-            }
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            sscanf (line, "%i%[^	]", &id);
-            if (next_id <= id)
-            {
-                next_id = id + 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    fclose (FPaccin);
-    printf ("File exists.\n");
-
-    printf ("Don't create an account if the login-server is online!!!\n");
-    printf
-        ("If the login-server is online, press ctrl+C now to stop this software.\n");
-    printf ("\n");
-
-    strcpy (username, "");
-    while (strlen (username) < 4 || strlen (username) > 23)
-    {
-        printf ("Enter an username (4-23 characters): ");
-        scanf ("%s", &username);
-        username[23] = 0;
-        remove_control_chars (username);
-    }
-
-    strcpy (password, "");
-    while (strlen (password) < 4 || strlen (password) > 23)
-    {
-        printf ("Enter a password (4-23 characters): ");
-        scanf ("%s", &password);
-        password[23] = 0;
-        remove_control_chars (password);
-    }
-
-    strcpy (sex, "");
-    while (strcmp (sex, "F") != 0 && strcmp (sex, "M") != 0)
-    {
-        printf ("Enter a gender (M for male, F for female): ");
-        scanf ("%s", &sex);
-    }
-
-    FILE *FPaccout = fopen (account_txt, "r+");
-    fseek (FPaccout, 0, SEEK_END);
-    fprintf (FPaccout, "%i	%s	%s	-	%s	-\r\n", next_id, username,
-             password, sex);
-    fclose (FPaccout);
-
-    printf ("Account added.\n");
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/backup b/src/tool/backup
deleted file mode 100644
index bde63b5..0000000
--- a/src/tool/backup
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-
-##########################################################################
-# Athena用データ�ックアップツール
-#
-# 　Athena��種データファイル*.txtを�ックアップ�るツール
-#
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# 設定方法
-# 　実行�る時�カレントフォルダ�ら�データ��パス�ファイル�リストを
-# 　正��設定���。�ックアップ先�フォルダ�自動作��れ�����
-# 　自分�作�����必���り��。
-# 　フォルダ�最後�「/���略����ん。
-#
-# 　フォルダ�引数�も指定����。例＞./backup ../save/ ./backup_data/
-# 　フォルダ�最後�「/���略����ん。
-#
-# 　実行�る��ックアップ先�フォルダ��ファイル���在�日付�時刻を
-# 　���ファイルをコピー���。
-#
-#   * toolフォルダ内�backup_dataフォルダを作���
-# 　  athena.sh�中�「./tool/backup ./save/ ./tool/backup_data/�
-#     ���行を追加�る��athenaを起動�る����ックアップ��れ��
-#
-#   復元�る���引数�「-r 日付�時刻�を指定���。
-# 　����後��フォルダを指定�る��も出���
-# 　例１＞ ./backup -r 200309191607
-# 　例２＞ ./backup -r 200309191607 ../save ./backup_data/
-# 　��例��2003/09/19�16:07分��ックアップ��データを復元�����
-#
-# 　復元�る���Athenaディレクトリ��るデータ� *.bak ���を変更��
-# 　残���る����ら��場�� rm *.bak ���消������。
-#
-##########################################################################
-
-$sdir="../save/";		#�ックアップ元(Athena�ディレクトリ/save/)
-$tdir="./backup_data/";		#�ックアップ先
-
-@files=(			#ファイル�リスト
-	"account","athena","storage","party","guild","castle","pet"
-);
-
-
-#-------------------------------設定����-----------------------------
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-if($ARGV[0]=~/^\-r$/i || $ARGV[0]=~/\-\-(recover|restore)/i){
-	#復元処�
-
-	$file=$ARGV[1];
-	$sdir=$ARGV[2]||$sdir;
-	$tdir=$ARGV[3]||$tdir;
-	&restorecopy($_) foreach @files;
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-#�ックアップ処�
-$sdir=$ARGV[0]||$sdir;
-$tdir=$ARGV[1]||$tdir;
-
-unless( -d $tdir ){
-	print "$0: \"$tdir\" : No such directory\n";
-	exit(1);
-}
-
-(undef,$min,$hour,$day,$month,$year)=localtime;
-
-$file=sprintf("%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d",
-	$year+1900, $month+1, $day, $hour, $min );
-
-&backupcopy($_) foreach @files;
-exit(0);
-
-sub backupcopy {
-	my($name)= @_;
-	system("cp $sdir$name.txt $tdir$name$file.txt");
-}
-
-sub restorecopy {
-	my($name)= @_;
-	unless( -f "$sdir$name.txt" ){
-		printf("$0: \"$sdir$name.txt\" not found!\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-	unless( -f "$tdir$name$file.txt" ){
-		printf("$0: \"$tdir$name$file.txt\" not found!\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-	rename "$sdir$name.txt","$sdir$name.bak";
-	system("cp $tdir$name$file.txt $sdir$name.txt");
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/cgi/addaccount.cgi b/src/tool/cgi/addaccount.cgi
deleted file mode 100644
index 009f30f..0000000
--- a/src/tool/cgi/addaccount.cgi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-
-#=========================================================================
-# addaccount.cgi  ver.1.00
-#	ladminをラップ���アカウントを作��るCGI。
-#	ladmin ver.1.04��動作を確�。
-#
-# ** 設定方法 **
-#
-# - 下�$ladmin変数�ladmin��パスを設定�る��。
-# - UNIX系OS�使用�る場��ladmin�共�改行コードを変��る�����
-#   ファイル先頭行をperl�正��パス��る��。例> $ which perl
-# - サー�ープログラムやブラウザ�よ��� $cgiuri ���ファイル��
-#   完全�URIをセット���れ��ら��場�も�る。
-# - perl�パス�通�����場�� $perl をperl��正��パス��る��。
-# - 他�普通�CGI�����。（実行権やcgi-binフォルダ��）
-#
-# ** ��他 **
-#   addaccount.cgi をブラウザ�開��サンプルHTML（����使���）�
-#   開���。�����cgi�ブラウザ�ら�られるAccept-Language�
-#   ja�始����れ�メッセージ�一部を日本語�変����。
-#   (IE�らインター�ットオプション�言語設定�一番上�日本語を置�)
-#	�れ以外�場��英語���出力���。
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-my($ladmin)	= "../ladmin";			# ladmin�パス(��ら�変更�必�)
-
-my($cgiuri)	= "./addaccount.cgi";	# ��ファイル�URI
-my($perl)	= "perl";				# perl�コマンド�
-
-
-
-#--------------------------- 設定���� --------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-
-
-use strict;
-use CGI;
-
-my($cgi)= new CGI;
-my(%langconv)=(
-	'Athena login-server administration tool.*' => '',
-	'logged on.*' => '',
-);
-
-# ----- 日本語環境�ら変�テーブルをセット -----
-if($ENV{'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'}=~/^ja/){
-	my(%tmp)=(
-		'Account \[(.+)\] is successfully created.*'
-			=> 'アカウント "$1" を作�����.',
-		'Account \[(.+)\] creation failed\. same account exists.*'
-			=> 'アカウント "$1" �既�存在���.',
-		'Illeagal charactor found in UserID.*'
-			=> 'ID�中��正�文字��り��.',
-		'Illeagal charactor found in Password.*'
-			=> 'Password�中��正�文字��り��.',
-		'input UserID 4-24 bytes.'
-			=> 'ID��角4〜24文字�入力������.',
-		'input Password 4-24 bytes.'
-			=> 'Password��角4〜24文字�入力������.',
-		'Illeagal gender.*'
-			=> '性別�������.',
-		'Cant connect to login server.*'
-			=> 'ログインサー�ー�接続����ん.',
-		'login error.*'
-			=> 'ログインサー�ー��管�者権�ログイン�失敗����',
-		"Can't execute ladmin.*"
-			=> 'ladmin�実行�失敗����',
-		'UserID "(.+)" is already used.*'
-			=> 'ID "$1" �既�使用�れ����.',
-		'You can use UserID \"(.+)\".*'
-			=> 'ID "$1" �使用�能��.',
-		
-		'account making'	=>'アカウント作�',
-		'\>UserID'			=>'>ＩＤ',
-		'\>Password'		=>'>パスワード',
-		'\>Gender'			=>'>性別',
-		'\>Male'			=>'>男性',
-		'\>Female'			=>'>女性',
-		'\"Make Account\"'	=>'"アカウント作�"',
-		'\"Check UserID\"'	=>'"ID��ェック"',
-	);
-	map { $langconv{$_}=$tmp{$_}; } keys (%tmp);
-}
-
-# ----- 追加 -----
-if( $cgi->param("addaccount") ){
-	my($userid)= $cgi->param("userid");
-	my($passwd)= $cgi->param("passwd");
-	my($gender)= lc(substr($cgi->param("gender"),0,1));
-	if(length($userid)<4 || length($userid)>24){
-		HttpError("input UserID 4-24 bytes.");
-	}
-	if(length($passwd)<4 || length($passwd)>24){
-		HttpError("input Password 4-24 bytes.");
-	}
-	if($userid=~/[^0-9A-Za-z\@\_\-\']/){
-		HttpError("Illeagal charactor found in UserID.");
-	}
-	if($passwd=~/[\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff\']/){
-		HttpError("Illeagal charactor found in Password.");
-	}
-	if($gender!~/[mf]/){
-		HttpError("Gender error.");
-	}
-	open PIPE,"$perl $ladmin --add $userid $gender $passwd |"
-		or HttpError("Can't execute ladmin.");
-	my(@msg)=<PIPE>;
-	close PIPE;
-	HttpMsg(@msg);
-}
-# ----- 存在�ェック -----
-elsif( $cgi->param("check") ){
-	my($userid)= $cgi->param("userid");
-	if(length($userid)<4 || length($userid)>24){
-		HttpError("input UserID 4-24 bytes.");
-	}
-	if($userid=~/[^0-9A-Za-z\@\_\-\']/){
-		HttpError("Illeagal charactor found in UserID.");
-	}
-	open PIPE,"$perl $ladmin --search --regex \\b$userid\\b |"
-		or HttpError("Can't execute ladmin.");
-	my(@msg)=<PIPE>;
-	close PIPE;
-	if(scalar(@msg)==6 && (split /[\s\0]+/,substr($msg[4],11,24))[0] eq $userid){
-		HttpMsg("NG : UserID \"$userid\" is already used.");
-	}elsif(scalar(@msg)==5){
-		HttpMsg("OK : You can use UserID \"$userid\"");
-	}
-	HttpError("ladmin error ?\n---output---\n",@msg);
-}
-
-# ----- フォーム -----
-else{
-	print LangConv( <<"EOM" );
-Content-type: text/html\n
-<html>
- <head>
-  <title>Athena account making cgi</title>
- </head>
- <body>
-  <h1>Athena account making cgi</h1>
-  <form action="$cgiuri" method="post">
-   <table border=2>
-    <tr>
-     <th>UserID</th>
-     <td><input name="userid" size=24 maxlength=24></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-     <th>Password</th>
-     <td><input name="passwd" size=24 maxlength=24 type="password"></td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-     <th>Gender</th>
-     <td>
-      <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male
-      <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female
-     </td>
-    </tr>
-    <tr>
-     <td colspan=2>
-      <input type="submit" name="addaccount" value="Make Account">
-      <input type="submit" name="check" value="Check UserID">
-     </td>
-    </tr>
-   </table>
-  </form>
- </body>
-</html>
-EOM
-	exit;
-}
-
-sub LangConv {
-	my(@lst)= @_;
-	my($a,$b,@out)=();
-	foreach $a(@lst){
-		foreach $b(keys %langconv){
-			$a=~s/$b/$langconv{$b}/g;
-			my($rep1)=$1;
-			$a=~s/\$1/$rep1/g;
-		}
-		push @out,$a;
-	}
-	return @out;
-}
-
-sub HttpMsg {
-	my($msg)=join("", LangConv(@_));
-	$msg=~s/\n/<br>\n/g;
-	print LangConv("Content-type: text/html\n\n"),$msg;
-	exit;
-}
-
-sub HttpError {
-	my($msg)=join("", LangConv(@_));
-	$msg=~s/\n/<br>\n/g;
-	print LangConv("Content-type: text/html\n\n"),$msg;
-	exit;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/tool/checkversion b/src/tool/checkversion
deleted file mode 100644
index 9e485d9..0000000
--- a/src/tool/checkversion
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl -w
-
-##########################################################################
-# INFORMATION TOOL ABOUT THE SERVERS VERSION OF ATHENA
-#
-# By connection on a server, this software display the version of the
-# designed server.
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Usages:
-#   ./checkversion IP:port
-#   ./checkversion IP port
-#   perl checkversion IP:port
-#   perl checkversion IP port
-#
-# note: default port: 6900
-#
-# When successfull, the software return the value 0.
-#
-##########################################################################
-
-#------------------------- start of configuration ------------------------
-
-$connecttimeout = 10;   # Connection Timeout (in seconds)
-
-#-------------------------- End of configuration -------------------------
-
-use IO::Socket;
-
-unless($ARGV[0]) {
-	print "USAGE: $0 server_ip:port\n";
-	exit(1);
-}
-
-$server = $ARGV[0];
-$port = $ARGV[1];
-$port = $1 if ($server =~ s/:(\d+)//);
-$port ||= 6900;
-
-# Connection to the server
-my($so,$er) = ();
-eval{
-	$so = IO::Socket::INET->new(
-		PeerAddr=> $server,
-		PeerPort=> $port,
-		Proto   => "tcp",
-		Timeout => $connecttimeout) or $er = 1;
-};
-
-if($er || $@) {
-	print "Can't not connect to server [$server:$port] !\n";
-	exit(2);
-}
-
-# Request for the server version
-print $so pack("v",30000); # 0x7530
-$so->flush();
-
-# Receiving of the answer of the server
-if (read($so,$buf,10) < 10) {
-	print "Invalid answer. It isn't an athena server or it is a too old version.\n";
-	exit(5);
-}
-
-# Sending end of connection to the server
-print $so pack("v",30002); # 0x7532
-$so->flush();
-
-# Analyse of the answer
-my($ret,$maver,$miver,$rev,$dev,$mod,$type,$mdver) = unpack("v c6 v",$buf);
-
-if ($ret != 30001) { # 0x7531
-	print "Invalid answer. It isn't an athena server or it is a too old version.\n";
-	exit(6);
-}
-
-my(@stype) = ();
-foreach $i(0..3) {
-	push @stype,(("login","char","inter","map")[$i]) if( $type & (1<<$i) );
-}
-print "  ".join("/",@stype)." server [$server:$port].\n";
-printf "  Athena version %s-%d.%d", ("stable","dev")[$dev], $maver,$miver;
-printf " revision %d",$rev if $rev;
-printf "%s%d\n",("","-mod")[$mod],$mdver;
-
-exit(0);
diff --git a/src/tool/convert.cpp b/src/tool/convert.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e256fc9..0000000
--- a/src/tool/convert.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,302 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#define MAX_INVENTORY 100
-#define MAX_CART 100
-#define MAX_SKILL 350
-#define GLOBAL_REG_NUM 16
-
-struct item
-{
-    int  id;
-    short nameid;
-    short amount;
-    short equip;
-    char identify;
-    char refine;
-    char attribute;
-    short card[4];
-};
-struct point
-{
-    char map[16];
-    short x, y;
-};
-struct skill
-{
-    unsigned short id, lv, flag;
-};
-struct global_reg
-{
-    char str[16];
-    int  value;
-};
-
-struct mmo_charstatus
-{
-    int  char_id;
-    int  account_id;
-    int  base_exp, job_exp, zeny;
-
-    short class;
-    short status_point, skill_point;
-    short hp, max_hp, sp, max_sp;
-    short option, karma, manner;
-    short hair, hair_color, clothes_color;
-    int  party_id, guild_id, pet_id;
-
-    short weapon, shield;
-    short head_top, head_mid, head_bottom;
-
-    char name[24];
-    unsigned char base_level, job_level;
-    unsigned char str, agi, vit, int_, dex, luk, char_num, sex;
-
-    struct point last_point, save_point, memo_point[3];
-    struct item inventory[MAX_INVENTORY], cart[MAX_CART];
-    struct skill skill[MAX_SKILL];
-    int  global_reg_num;
-    struct global_reg global_reg[GLOBAL_REG_NUM];
-};
-
-int mmo_char_tostr (char *str, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-    int  i;
-    sprintf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%s\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%s,%d,%d\t%s,%d,%d", p->char_id, p->account_id, p->char_num, p->name,  //
-             p->class, p->base_level, p->job_level, p->base_exp, p->job_exp, p->zeny, p->hp, p->max_hp, p->sp, p->max_sp, p->str, p->agi, p->vit, p->int_, p->dex, p->luk, p->status_point, p->skill_point, p->option, p->karma, p->manner, //
-             p->party_id, p->guild_id, p->pet_id, p->hair, p->hair_color, p->clothes_color, p->weapon, p->shield, p->head_top, p->head_mid, p->head_bottom, p->last_point.map, p->last_point.x, p->last_point.y,    //
-             p->save_point.map, p->save_point.x, p->save_point.y);
-    strcat (str, "\t");
-    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-        if (p->memo_point[i].map[0])
-        {
-            sprintf (str + strlen (str), "%s,%d,%d", p->memo_point[i].map,
-                     p->memo_point[i].x, p->memo_point[i].y);
-        }
-    strcat (str, "\t");
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_INVENTORY; i++)
-        if (p->inventory[i].nameid)
-        {
-            sprintf (str + strlen (str), "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
-                     p->inventory[i].id, p->inventory[i].nameid,
-                     p->inventory[i].amount, p->inventory[i].equip,
-                     p->inventory[i].identify, p->inventory[i].refine,
-                     p->inventory[i].attribute, p->inventory[i].card[0],
-                     p->inventory[i].card[1], p->inventory[i].card[2],
-                     p->inventory[i].card[3]);
-        }
-    strcat (str, "\t");
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_CART; i++)
-        if (p->cart[i].nameid)
-        {
-            sprintf (str + strlen (str), "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d ",
-                     p->cart[i].id, p->cart[i].nameid, p->cart[i].amount,
-                     p->cart[i].equip, p->cart[i].identify, p->cart[i].refine,
-                     p->cart[i].attribute, p->cart[i].card[0],
-                     p->cart[i].card[1], p->cart[i].card[2],
-                     p->cart[i].card[3]);
-        }
-    strcat (str, "\t");
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-        if (p->skill[i].id)
-        {
-            sprintf (str + strlen (str), "%d,%d ", p->skill[i].id,
-                     p->skill[i].lv);
-        }
-    strcat (str, "\t");
-    for (i = 0; i < p->global_reg_num; i++)
-        sprintf (str + strlen (str), "%s,%d ", p->global_reg[i].str,
-                 p->global_reg[i].value);
-    strcat (str, "\t");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int mmo_char_fromstr (char *str, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-    int  tmp_int[256];
-    int  set, next, len, i;
-
-    set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name, //
-                  &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],    //
-                  &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25], &tmp_int[26], &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[34], &tmp_int[35],    //
-                  p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[36], &tmp_int[37], &next);
-    p->char_id = tmp_int[0];
-    p->account_id = tmp_int[1];
-    p->char_num = tmp_int[2];
-    p->class = tmp_int[3];
-    p->base_level = tmp_int[4];
-    p->job_level = tmp_int[5];
-    p->base_exp = tmp_int[6];
-    p->job_exp = tmp_int[7];
-    p->zeny = tmp_int[8];
-    p->hp = tmp_int[9];
-    p->max_hp = tmp_int[10];
-    p->sp = tmp_int[11];
-    p->max_sp = tmp_int[12];
-    p->str = tmp_int[13];
-    p->agi = tmp_int[14];
-    p->vit = tmp_int[15];
-    p->int_ = tmp_int[16];
-    p->dex = tmp_int[17];
-    p->luk = tmp_int[18];
-    p->status_point = tmp_int[19];
-    p->skill_point = tmp_int[20];
-    p->option = tmp_int[21];
-    p->karma = tmp_int[22];
-    p->manner = tmp_int[23];
-    p->party_id = tmp_int[24];
-    p->guild_id = tmp_int[25];
-    p->pet_id = 0;
-    p->hair = tmp_int[26];
-    p->hair_color = tmp_int[27];
-    p->clothes_color = tmp_int[28];
-    p->weapon = tmp_int[29];
-    p->shield = tmp_int[30];
-    p->head_top = tmp_int[31];
-    p->head_mid = tmp_int[32];
-    p->head_bottom = tmp_int[33];
-    p->last_point.x = tmp_int[34];
-    p->last_point.y = tmp_int[35];
-    p->save_point.x = tmp_int[36];
-    p->save_point.y = tmp_int[37];
-    if (set != 41)
-        return 0;
-    if (str[next] == '\n' || str[next] == '\r')
-        return 1;               // 新�データ
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        set =
-            sscanf (str + next, "%[^,],%d,%d%n", p->memo_point[i].map,
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &len);
-        if (set != 3)
-            return 0;
-        p->memo_point[i].x = tmp_int[0];
-        p->memo_point[i].y = tmp_int[1];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        set = sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                      &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                      &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                      &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                      &len);
-        if (set != 11)
-            return 0;
-        p->inventory[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->inventory[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-        p->inventory[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-        p->inventory[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-        p->inventory[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-        p->inventory[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-        p->inventory[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-        p->inventory[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-        p->inventory[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-        p->inventory[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-        p->inventory[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        set = sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                      &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                      &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                      &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                      &len);
-        if (set != 11)
-            return 0;
-        p->cart[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->cart[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-        p->cart[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-        p->cart[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-        p->cart[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-        p->cart[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-        p->cart[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-        p->cart[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-        p->cart[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-        p->cart[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-        p->cart[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        set = sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &len);
-        if (set != 2)
-            return 0;
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].lv = tmp_int[1];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    next++;
-    for (i = 0;
-         str[next] && str[next] != '\t' && str[next] != '\n'
-         && str[next] != '\r'; i++)
-    {                           //global_reg実装以��athena.txt互����一応'\n'�ェック
-        set = sscanf (str + next, "%[^,],%d%n",
-                      p->global_reg[i].str, &p->global_reg[i].value, &len);
-        if (set != 2)
-            return 0;
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    p->global_reg_num = i;
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int mmo_char_convert (char *fname1, char *fname2)
-{
-    char line[65536];
-    int  ret;
-    struct mmo_charstatus char_dat;
-    FILE *ifp, *ofp;
-
-    ifp = fopen_ (fname1, "r");
-    ofp = fopen_ (fname2, "w");
-    if (ifp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("file not found %s\n", fname1);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (ofp == NULL)
-    {
-        printf ("file open error %s\n", fname2);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    while (fgets (line, 65535, ifp))
-    {
-        memset (&char_dat, 0, sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-        ret = mmo_char_fromstr (line, &char_dat);
-        if (ret)
-        {
-            mmo_char_tostr (line, &char_dat);
-            fprintf (ofp, "%s\n", line);
-        }
-    }
-    fcloseall ();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main (int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    if (argc < 3)
-    {
-        printf ("Usage: convert <input filename> <output filename>\n");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-    mmo_char_convert (argv[1], argv[2]);
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/eathena-monitor.cpp b/src/tool/eathena-monitor.cpp
index e070c8a..30e7184 100644
--- a/src/tool/eathena-monitor.cpp
+++ b/src/tool/eathena-monitor.cpp
@@ -7,18 +7,21 @@
  * gcc -o eathena-monitor eathena-monitor.c
  */
 
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
 
-#include <time.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <csignal>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "../common/cxxstdio.hpp"
+#include "../common/utils.hpp"
+
+#include "../poison.hpp"
 
-#define HOME getenv("HOME")
 #define LOGIN_SERVER "./login-server"
 #define MAP_SERVER "./map-server"
 #define CHAR_SERVER "./char-server"
@@ -26,55 +29,60 @@
 #define LOGFILE "log/eathena-monitor.log"
 
 
-#define SKIP_BLANK(ptr) ptr += skip_blank(ptr)
-static inline size_t skip_blank(const char* ptr) {
-    size_t i = 0;
+static
+void SKIP_BLANK(char *& ptr)
+{
     while (
-        (ptr[i] == ' ') ||
-        (ptr[i] == '\b') ||
-        (ptr[i] == '\n') ||
-        (ptr[i] == '\r')
-    ) ptr++;
-    return i;
+        (*ptr == ' ') ||
+        (*ptr == '\b') ||
+        (*ptr == '\n') ||
+        (*ptr == '\r')
+    )
+        ptr++;
 }
 
-#define GOTO_EQL(ptr) ptr += goto_eql(ptr)
-static inline size_t goto_eql(const char* ptr) {
-    size_t i = 0;
+static
+void GOTO_EQL(char *& ptr) {
     while (
-        (ptr[i] != '\0') &&
-        (ptr[i] != '=') &&
-        (ptr[i] != '\n') &&
-        (ptr[i] != '\r')
-    ) ptr++;
-    return i;
+        (*ptr != '\0') &&
+        (*ptr != '=') &&
+        (*ptr != '\n') &&
+        (*ptr != '\r')
+    )
+        ptr++;
 }
 
-#define GOTO_EOL(ptr) ptr += goto_newline(ptr)
-static inline size_t goto_newline(const char* ptr) {
-    size_t i = 0;
+static
+void GOTO_EOL(char *& ptr) {
     while (
-        (ptr[i] != '\0') &&
-        (ptr[i] != '\n') &&
-        (ptr[i] != '\r')
-    ) ptr++;
-    return i;
+        (*ptr != '\0') &&
+        (*ptr != '\n') &&
+        (*ptr != '\r')
+    )
+        ptr++;
 }
 
 // initialiized to $HOME/tmwserver
+static
 const char *workdir;
 //the rest are relative to workdir
+static
 const char *login_server = LOGIN_SERVER;
+static
 const char *map_server = MAP_SERVER;
+static
 const char *char_server = CHAR_SERVER;
+static
 const char *logfile = LOGFILE;
 // this variable is hard-coded, but the command-line is checked first
+static
 const char *config = CONFIG;
 
+static
 pid_t pid_login, pid_map, pid_char;
 
 static
-const char* make_path (const char* base, const char* path) {
+const char* make_path(const char* base, const char* path) {
     size_t base_len = strlen(base);
     size_t path_len = strlen(path);
     char* out = (char *)malloc(base_len + 1 + path_len + 1);
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@ const char* make_path (const char* base, const char* path) {
 }
 
 static
-void parse_option (char *name, char *value) {
+void parse_option(char *name, char *value) {
     if (!strcasecmp(name, "login_server")) {
         login_server = strdup(value);
     } else if (!strcasecmp(name, "map_server")) {
@@ -98,7 +106,7 @@ void parse_option (char *name, char *value) {
     } else if (!strcasecmp(name, "logfile")) {
         logfile = strdup(value);
     } else {
-        fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: ingnoring invalid option '%s' = '%s'\n", name, value);
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "WARNING: ingnoring invalid option '%s' = '%s'\n", name, value);
     }
 }
 
@@ -107,24 +115,24 @@ void read_config(const char *filename) {
     FILE *input;
     char string[1000];
 
-    if (!(input = fopen(filename,"r")) && !(input = fopen (config, "r"))) {
+    if (!(input = fopen(filename,"r")) && !(input = fopen(config, "r"))) {
         perror("Unable to load config file");
         return;
     }
 
     while (1) {
-        if (fgets (string, sizeof (string) - 1, input) == NULL)
+        if (fgets(string, sizeof(string) - 1, input) == NULL)
             break;
         char *str = string, *name, *value;
         SKIP_BLANK(str);
-        string[sizeof (string) - 1] = '\0';
+        string[sizeof(string) - 1] = '\0';
         if (*str == '#')
             continue;
         if (*str == '\0')
             continue;
         name = str;
 
-        GOTO_EQL (str);
+        GOTO_EQL(str);
 
         if (*str != '=') {
             continue;
@@ -138,7 +146,7 @@ void read_config(const char *filename) {
         parse_option(name, value);
     }
 
-    fclose (input);
+    fclose(input);
 }
 
 static
@@ -146,11 +154,14 @@ pid_t start_process(const char *exec) {
     const char *args[2] = {exec, NULL};
     pid_t pid = fork();
     if (pid == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fork");
+        FPRINTF(stderr, "Failed to fork");
         return 0;
     }
     if (pid == 0) {
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
         execv(exec, (char**)args);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
         perror("Failed to exec");
         kill(getppid(), SIGABRT);
         exit(1);
@@ -176,24 +187,24 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     signal(SIGQUIT, stop_process);
     signal(SIGABRT, stop_process);
 
-    workdir = make_path(HOME, "tmwserver");
+    workdir = make_path(getenv("HOME"), "tmwserver");
 
     read_config(argc>1 ? argv[1] : NULL);
 
     if (chdir(workdir) < 0) perror("Failed to change directory"), exit(1);
 
-    printf ("Starting:\n");
-    printf ("* workdir: %s\n",  workdir);
-    printf ("* login_server: %s\n", login_server);
-    printf ("* map_server: %s\n", map_server);
-    printf ("* char_server: %s\n", char_server);
+    PRINTF("Starting:\n");
+    PRINTF("* workdir: %s\n",  workdir);
+    PRINTF("* login_server: %s\n", login_server);
+    PRINTF("* map_server: %s\n", map_server);
+    PRINTF("* char_server: %s\n", char_server);
     {
         //make sure all possible file descriptors are free for use by the servers
         //if there are file descriptors higher than the max open from before the limit dropped, that's not our problem
         int fd = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
         while (--fd > 2)
            if (close(fd) == 0)
-               fprintf(stderr, "close fd %d\n", fd);
+               FPRINTF(stderr, "close fd %d\n", fd);
         fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
         if (fd < 0) perror("open /dev/null"), exit(1);
         dup2(fd, 0);
@@ -202,22 +213,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     }
     while (1) {
         // write stuff to stderr
-        time_t t = time(NULL);
-        struct tm *tmp = localtime(&t);
-        char timestamp[256];
-        strftime(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), "%F %T", tmp);
+        timestamp_seconds_buffer timestamp;
+        stamp_time(timestamp);
 
         if (!pid_login) {
             pid_login = start_process(login_server);
-            fprintf (stderr, "[%s] forked login server: %lu\n", timestamp, (unsigned long)pid_login);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "[%s] forked login server: %lu\n", timestamp, (unsigned long)pid_login);
         }
         if (!pid_char) {
             pid_char = start_process(char_server);
-            fprintf (stderr, "[%s] forked char server: %lu\n", timestamp, (unsigned long)pid_char);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "[%s] forked char server: %lu\n", timestamp, (unsigned long)pid_char);
         }
         if (!pid_map) {
             pid_map = start_process(map_server);
-            fprintf (stderr, "[%s] forked map server: %lu\n", timestamp, (unsigned long)pid_map);
+            FPRINTF(stderr, "[%s] forked map server: %lu\n", timestamp, (unsigned long)pid_map);
         }
         pid_t dead = wait(NULL);
         if (dead < 0) perror("Failed to wait for child"), exit(1);
diff --git a/src/tool/getlogincount b/src/tool/getlogincount
deleted file mode 100644
index 45c6f81..0000000
--- a/src/tool/getlogincount
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl -w
-
-##########################################################################
-# INFORMATION TOOL ABOUT THE # OF ONLINE PLAYERS ON ATHENA SERVERS
-#
-# By connection on the athena login-server, this software displays the
-# number of online players.
-#
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Software usage:
-#   Configure the IP, the port and a valid account of the server.
-#   After, use at your choice:
-#   ./getlogincount - display the number of online players on all servers.
-#   ./getlogincount --premier or
-#   ./getlogincount --first -- display the number of online players of the
-#                              first server in the received list.
-#   ./getlogincount [servername] -- display the number of online players
-#                                   of the specified server.
-#
-# If successfull, the software return the value 0.
-#
-##########################################################################
-
-#------------------------------ CONFIGURATION ----------------------------
-
-$loginserverip = "127.0.0.1";  # IP of the login-server
-$loginserverport = 6900;       # port of the login-server
-$loginaccount = "s1";          # a valid account name
-$loginpasswd = "p1";           # the password of the valid account name
-
-$connecttimeout = 10;          # Connection timeout (in seconds)
-
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-use IO::Socket;
-
-my($sname) = $ARGV[0];
-if (!defined($sname)) {
-	$sname = "";
-}
-
-# Connection to the login-server
-my($so,$er) = ();
-eval{
-	$so = IO::Socket::INET->new(
-		PeerAddr=> $loginserverip,
-		PeerPort=> $loginserverport,
-		Proto   => "tcp",
-		Timeout => $connecttimeout) or $er=1;
-};
-if($er || $@){
-	print "Can't not connect to the login-server [${loginserverip}:$loginserverport] !\n";
-	exit(2);
-}
-
-# Request to connect on login-server
-print $so pack("v V a24 a24 C",0x0064,9,$loginaccount,$loginpasswd,3);
-$so->flush();
-
-# Fail to connect
-if(unpack("v", &soread(\$so,2)) != 0x0069) {
-	print "Login error.\n";
-	exit(3);
-}
-
-# Get length of the received packet
-my($plen) = unpack("v",&soread(\$so,2))-4;
-
-# Suppress information of the account (we need only information about the servers)
-&soread(\$so,43);
-$plen -= 43;
-
-# Check about the number of online servers
-if ($plen < 32) {
-	printf "No server is connected to login-server.\n";
-	exit(1);
-}
-
-# Read information of the servers
-my(@slist) = ();
-for(;$plen > 0;$plen -= 32) {
-	my($name,$count) = unpack("x6 a20 V",&soread(\$so,32));
-	$name = substr($name,0,index($name,"\0"));
-	push @slist, [ $name, $count ];
-}
-
-# Display the result
-if($sname eq "--first" || $sname eq "--premier") { # If we ask only for the first server
-	printf "%-20s : %5d\n",$slist[0][0],$slist[0][1];
-} elsif ($sname eq "") { # If we ask for all servers
-	foreach $i(@slist) {
-		printf "%-20s : %5d\n",$i->[0],$i->[1];
-	}
-} else { # If we ask for a specified server (by its name)
-	my($flag) = 1;
-	foreach $i(@slist) {
-		if($i->[0] eq $sname) {
-			printf "%-20s : %5d\n",$i->[0],$i->[1];
-			$flag = 0;
-		}
-	}
-	if($flag) { # If the server doesn't exist
-		printf "The server [$sname] doesn't exist.\n";
-		exit(1);
-	}
-}
-
-# End of the software
-$so->shutdown(2);
-$so->close();
-exit(0);
-
-# Sub-function: get data from the socket
-sub soread {
-	my($so,$len) = @_;
-	my($sobuf);
-	if(read($$so,$sobuf,$len) < $len) {
-		print "Socket read error.\n";
-		exit(5);
-	}
-	return $sobuf;
-};
diff --git a/src/tool/indent.sh b/src/tool/indent.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index d71f224..0000000
--- a/src/tool/indent.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Simple script to help format code to TMW-eA standards.
-# You should use this on any file you edit before
-# committing to git.
-indent -nbad -bap -sc -bl -blf -bli0 -cli4 -cbi0 -di5 \
--nbc -bls -ip2 -nut -ts4 -bap -i4 -sob -npsl $*
-
-
diff --git a/src/tool/ipcheck.rb b/src/tool/ipcheck.rb
deleted file mode 100755
index 7c2e22a..0000000
--- a/src/tool/ipcheck.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-# A script to check which characters play from the same IP address
-# (c) 2009  Bjorn Lindeijer
-#
-# Summary of how it works:
-#
-#  Character -> Account
-#  Account -> IP
-#  IP -> Accounts
-#  Accounts -> Characters
-#
-
-if ARGV.length != 1
-    puts "Usage: ipcheck.rb character_name"
-    exit 1
-else
-    $search_character = ARGV[0]
-    puts "Searching for character #{$search_character}"
-end
-
-class Character
-    attr_reader :name, :account_id
-
-    def initialize(name, account_id)
-        @name = name
-        @account_id = account_id
-    end
-end
-
-class Account
-    attr_reader :id, :ip, :last_login
-
-    def initialize(id, ip, last_login)
-        @id = id
-        @ip = ip
-        @last_login = last_login
-    end
-end
-
-accounts = Array.new
-characters = Array.new
-
-File.open("save/athena.txt", "r") do |f|
-    f.each_line do |line|
-        split = line.split("\t")
-        if split.length >= 3
-            account_id, char_index = split[1].split(',')
-            character_name = split[2]
-            characters.push(Character.new(character_name, account_id))
-            if $search_character.casecmp(character_name) == 0
-                puts "Searching for account #{account_id}"
-                $search_account_id = account_id
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-
-if not $search_account_id
-    puts "Error: character #{$search_character} not found!"
-    exit 1
-end
-
-File.open("save/account.txt", "r") do |f|
-    f.each_line do |line|
-        split = line.split("\t")
-        if split.length >= 11
-            account_id, last_login, ip = split[0], split[3], split[10]
-            accounts.push(Account.new(account_id, ip, last_login))
-            if $search_account_id == account_id
-                puts "Searching for IP #{ip}"
-                $search_ip = ip
-            end
-        end
-    end
-end
-
-accounts.find_all { |a| a.ip == $search_ip }.each do |a|
-    puts "Characters for account #{a.id} (last login #{a.last_login}):"
-    characters.find_all { |c| c.account_id == a.id }.each do |c|
-        puts "  #{c.name}"
-    end
-end
diff --git a/src/tool/itemfrob.cpp b/src/tool/itemfrob.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 81638eb..0000000
--- a/src/tool/itemfrob.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-// Compile with
-//  gcc -m32 -I src/char -I src/common charfrob.c -o charfrob  src/common/timer.o src/common/malloc.o src/common/socket.o src/common/lock.o src/common/db.o src/char/int_pet.o src/char/int_storage.o src/char/inter.o src/char/int_party.o src/char/int_guild.o
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-// Yes, this is intentional
-#include "../char/char.cpp"
-
-// Well, this is not terribly elegant, but I don't have that much time.
-#define MAX_ITEM_ID 65535
-int  inv_translate[MAX_ITEM_ID];
-
-void transform_char (struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-    int  k;
-    for (k = 0; k < MAX_INVENTORY; k++)
-        p->inventory[k].nameid = inv_translate[p->inventory[k].nameid];
-}
-
-int mmo_char_convert ()
-{
-    char line[965536];
-    int  ret;
-    struct mmo_charstatus char_dat;
-    FILE *ifp, *ofp;
-
-    ifp = stdin;
-    ofp = stdout;
-    while (fgets (line, 65535, ifp))
-    {
-        memset (&char_dat, 0, sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-        ret = mmo_char_fromstr (line, &char_dat);
-        if (ret)
-        {
-            transform_char (&char_dat);
-            mmo_char_tostr (line, &char_dat);
-            fprintf (ofp, "%s\n", line);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-#define PARSE_MODE_NEXTNUM 0
-#define PARSE_MODE_RANGE 1
-
-int init (char *source, char *dest)
-{
-    int  i;
-    char *end_of_num;
-    int  dest_nr = strtol (dest, &end_of_num, 0);
-    int  range_start;
-    int  mode = PARSE_MODE_NEXTNUM;
-
-    if (*end_of_num)
-    {
-        fprintf (stderr, "Invalid inventory ID: `%s'\n", dest);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    /* init */
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_ITEM_ID; i++)
-        inv_translate[i] = i;
-
-    while (*source)
-    {
-        int  nr = strtol (source, &end_of_num, 0);
-        char sep;
-
-        if (end_of_num == source)
-        {
-            fprintf (stderr, "Invalid source range description: `%s'\n",
-                     source);
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        switch (mode)
-        {
-            case PARSE_MODE_NEXTNUM:
-                inv_translate[nr] = dest_nr;
-                break;
-            case PARSE_MODE_RANGE:
-                for (i = range_start; i <= nr; i++)
-                    inv_translate[i] = dest_nr;
-                break;
-            default:
-                fprintf (stderr, "Internal error at %d\n", __LINE__);
-                return 1;
-        };
-
-        sep = *end_of_num++;
-
-        switch (sep)
-        {
-            case '-':
-                range_start = nr;
-                mode = PARSE_MODE_RANGE;
-                break;
-            case ',':
-                mode = PARSE_MODE_NEXTNUM;
-                break;
-            case 0:
-                return 0;
-            default:
-                fprintf (stderr, "Invalid token in range spec: `%c'\n", sep);
-                return 1;
-        }
-
-        source = end_of_num;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main (int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    if (argc < 3)
-    {
-        printf
-            ("Usage: %s <inventory ID input range> <inventory ID output>\n",
-             argv[0]);
-        printf ("e.g., %s 501-555 701\n", argv[0]);
-        exit (0);
-    }
-    if (init (argv[1], argv[2]))
-        return 1;
-
-    mmo_char_convert ();
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/itemsearch.cpp b/src/tool/itemsearch.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ab36a9d..0000000
--- a/src/tool/itemsearch.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-// This code is GPL, blah blah
-//
-// Writen for TheManaWorld by Chuck Miller, A.K.A. Kage
-
-#include <cstring>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string>
-
-using namespace std;
-
-bool useStorage;
-int itemID;
-
-int itemCount(string itemData)
-{
-    int counter = 0;
-    int pointer = 0;
-
-    do
-    {
-        int ending = itemData.find(',', pointer + 1);
-        if (ending == string::npos)
-            ending = itemData.size();
-        if (counter == 1 && atoi(itemData.substr(pointer, ending - pointer).c_str()) != itemID)
-            return 0;
-        if (counter == 2)
-            return atoi(itemData.substr(pointer, ending - pointer).c_str());
-        counter++;
-    } while ((pointer = itemData.find(',',pointer) + 1) != string::npos + 1);
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int parseItemData(string &items)
-{
-    int counter = 0;
-    int pointer = 0;
-
-    int total = 0;
-
-    do
-    {
-        int ending = items.find(' ', pointer + 1);
-        if (ending == string::npos)
-            ending = items.size();
-        total += itemCount(items.substr(pointer, ending - pointer));
-        counter++;
-    } while ((pointer = items.find(' ',pointer) + 1) != string::npos + 1);
-
-    return total;
-}
-
-void parseLine(string &line)
-{
-    int counter = 0;
-    int pointer = 0;
-
-    string AccountId, Name, Items;
-
-    do
-    {
-         if (!useStorage)
-         {
-             if (counter == 1 || counter == 2 || counter == 15)
-             {         
-                 int ending = line.find('\t', pointer + 1);
-                 if (ending == string::npos)
-                      ending = line.size();
-                 switch (counter)
-                 {
-                    case 1:
-                         AccountId = line.substr(pointer,ending - pointer);
-                         break;
-                    case 2:
-                         Name = line.substr(pointer, ending - pointer);
-                         break;
-                    case 15:
-                         Items = line.substr(pointer, ending - pointer);
-                 }
-            }
-         }
-         else if (useStorage)
-         {
-            int ending = line.find('\t', pointer + 1);
-            if (ending == string::npos)
-                ending = line.size();
-
-            if (counter == 0)
-                AccountId = line.substr(pointer,ending - pointer);
-            else if (counter == 1)
-                Items = line.substr(pointer,ending - pointer);            
-         }
-         
-         counter++;
-    } while ((pointer = line.find('\t',pointer) + 1) != string::npos + 1 && counter < 16);
-
-    if ((counter = parseItemData(Items)) > 0)
-        cout << "Account = " << AccountId << "; Name = \"" << Name << "\"; Count = " << counter << "\n";
-}
-
-void parseInput()
-{
-     string input;
-     while (getline(cin, input))
-     {
-         parseLine(input);
-     }
-}
-
-int main(int argc,char *argv[])
-{
-	if(argc < 2) 
-        {
-		printf("Usage: %s <item ID>\n", argv[0]);
-                printf("Usage2: %s -s <item ID>\n", argv[0]);
-                printf("e.g., %s 701\n", argv[0]);
-                printf("Will return all users who own that item\n");
-                printf("Option \"-s\" will expect storage files\n");
-		exit(0);
-        }
-        if (strcmp(argv[1],"-s") == 0)
-        {
-            useStorage = true;            
-            itemID = atoi(argv[2]);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            useStorage = false;
-            itemID = atoi(argv[1]);
-        }
-        parseInput();
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/tool/ladmin b/src/tool/ladmin
deleted file mode 100644
index d0c0be4..0000000
--- a/src/tool/ladmin
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3793 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-use POSIX;
-##########################################################################
-# EAthena login-server remote administration tool
-# New ladamin by [Yor]
-##########################################################################
-#-------------------------------INSTRUCTIONS------------------------------
-# Set the 4 variables below:
-#   IP of the login server.
-#   Port where the login-server listens incoming packets.
-#   Password of administration (same of config_athena.conf).
-#   Displayed language of the sofware (if not correct, english is used).
-# IMPORTANT:
-#   Be sure that you authorize remote administration in login-server
-#   (see login_athena.conf, 'admin_state' parameter)
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-my($loginserverip) = "127.0.0.1";        # IP of login-server
-my($loginserverport) = 6900;             # Port of login-server
-my($loginserveradminpassword) = "admin"; # Administration password
-my($connecttimeout) = 10;                # Timeout of connection (in seconds)
-my($passenc) = 2;                        # Encoding type of the password
-my($defaultlanguage) = "E";              # Default language (F: Français/E: English)
-                                         # (if it's not 'F', default is English)
-
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#  LIST of COMMANDs that you can type at the prompt:
-#    To use these commands you can only type only the first letters.
-#    You must type a minimum of letters (you can not type 'a',
-#      because ladmin doesn't know if it's for 'aide' or for 'add')
-#    <Example> q <= quit, li <= list, pass <= passwd, etc.
-#
-#  Note: every time you must give a account_name, you can use "" or '' (spaces can be included)
-#
-#  aide/help/?
-#    Display the description of the commands
-#  aide/help/? [command]
-#    Display the description of the specified command
-#
-#  add <account_name> <sex> <password>
-#    Create an account with the default email (a@a.com).
-#    Concerning the sex, only the first letter is used (F or M).
-#    The e-mail is set to a@a.com (default e-mail). It's like to have no e-mail.
-#    When the password is omitted, the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.
-#    <example> add testname Male testpass
-#
-#  ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>
-#    Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.
-#    Same command of banset, except that account_name is at end
-#
-#  banadd <account_name> <modifier>
-#    Adds or substracts time from the final date of a banishment of an account.
-#    Modifier is done as follows:
-#      Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)
-#      Modified element:
-#        a or y: year
-#        m:  month
-#        j or d: day
-#        h:  hour
-#        mn: minute
-#        s:  second
-#    <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y
-#              this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes and 6 years at the same time.
-#  NOTE: If you modify the final date of a non-banished account,
-#        you fix the final date to (actual time +- adjustments)
-#
-#  banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-#    Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.
-#    Default time: 23:59:59
-#  banset <account_name> 0
-#    Set a non-banished account (0 = unbanished).
-#
-#  block <account name>
-#    Set state 5 (You have been blocked by the GM Team) to an account.
-#    Same command of state <account_name> 5.
-#
-#  check <account_name> <password>
-#    Check the validity of a password for an account
-#    NOTE: Server will never sends back a password.
-#          It's the only method you have to know if a password is correct.
-#          The other method is to have a ('physical') access to the accounts file.
-#
-#  create <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>
-#    Like the 'add' command, but with e-mail moreover.
-#    <example> create testname Male my@mail.com testpass
-#
-#  del <account name>
-#    Remove an account.
-#    This order requires confirmation. After confirmation, the account is deleted.
-#
-#  email <account_name> <email>
-#    Modify the e-mail of an account.
-#
-#  getcount
-#    Give the number of players online on all char-servers.
-#
-#  gm <account_name> [GM_level]
-#    Modify the GM level of an account.
-#    Default value remove GM level (GM level = 0).
-#    <example> gm testname 80
-#
-#  id <account name>
-#    Give the id of an account.
-#
-#  info <account_id>
-#    Display complete information of an account.
-#
-#  kami <message>
-#    Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in yellow).
-#  kamib <message>
-#    Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).
-#
-#  language <language>
-#    Change the language of displaying.
-#
-#  list/ls [start_id [end_id]]
-#    Display a list of accounts.
-#    'start_id', 'end_id': indicate end and start identifiers.
-#    Research by name is not possible with this command.
-#    <example> list 10 9999999
-#
-#  listBan/lsBan [start_id [end_id]]
-#    Like list/ls, but only for accounts with state or banished
-#
-#  listGM/lsGM [start_id [end_id]]
-#    Like list/ls, but only for GM accounts
-#
-#  listOK/lsOK [start_id [end_id]]
-#    Like list/ls, but only for accounts without state and not banished
-#
-#  memo <account_name> <memo>
-#    Modify the memo of an account.
-#    'memo': it can have until 253 characters (with spaces or not).
-#
-#  name <account_id>
-#    Give the name of an account.
-#
-#  passwd <account_name> <new_password>
-#    Change the password of an account.
-#    When new password is omitted, the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.
-#
-#  quit/end/exit
-#    End of the program of administration
-#
-#  reloadGM
-#    Reload GM configuration file
-#
-#  search <expression>
-#    Seek accounts.
-#    Displays the accounts whose names correspond.
-#  search -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression>
-#    Seek accounts by regular expression.
-#    Displays the accounts whose names correspond.
-#
-#  sex <account_name> <sex>
-#    Modify the sex of an account.
-#    <example> sex testname Male
-#
-#  state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-#    Change the state of an account.
-#    'new_state': state is the state of the packet 0x006a + 1. The possibilities are:
-#                 0 = Account ok            6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
-#                 1 = Unregistered ID       7 = You are Prohibited to log in until %s
-#                 2 = Incorrect Password    8 = Server is jammed due to over populated
-#                 3 = This ID is expired    9 = No MSG
-#                 4 = Rejected from Server  100 = This ID has been totally erased
-#                 5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team
-#                 all other values are 'No MSG', then use state 9 please.
-#    'error_message_#7': message of the code error 6 = Your are Prohibited to log in until %s (packet 0x006a)
-#
-#  timeadd <account_name> <modifier>
-#    Adds or substracts time from the validity limit of an account.
-#    Modifier is done as follows:
-#      Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)
-#      Modified element:
-#        a or y: year
-#        m:  month
-#        j or d: day
-#        h:  hour
-#        mn: minute
-#        s:  second
-#    <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y
-#              this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes and 6 years at the same time.
-#  NOTE: You can not modify a unlimited validity limit.
-#        If you want modify it, you want probably create a limited validity limit.
-#        So, at first, you must set the validity limit to a date/time.
-#
-#  timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-#    Changes the validity limit of an account.
-#    Default time: 23:59:59
-#  timeset <account_name> 0
-#    Gives an unlimited validity limit (0 = unlimited).
-#
-#  unban/unbanish <account name>
-#    Unban an account.
-#    Same command of banset 0.
-#
-#  unblock <account name>
-#    Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account.
-#    Same command of state <account_name> 0.
-#
-#  version
-#    Display the version of the login-server.
-#
-#  who <account name>
-#    Displays complete information of an account.
-#
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Possibilities to execute ladmin in command line by usage of the software with a parameter:
-# ./ladmin --mode param1 ...
-#
-#  --makesymlink                                    -- Create the symbolic links for a use in shell
-#  --add <account_name> <sex> <password>            -- Create an account with the default email (or -a)
-#  --ban yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name>         -- Change the final date of a banishment of an account (or -b)
-#  --banadd <account_name> <modifier>               -- Add or substract time from the final date of a banishment of an account (or - ba)
-#  --banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]    -- Change the final date of a banishment of an account (or -bs)
-#  --banset <account_name> 0                        -- Unbanish an account (or -bs)
-#  --block <account_name>                           -- Set state 5 to an account (or -bl)
-#  --check <account_name> <password>                -- Check the validity of a password for an account (or -check)
-#  --create <account_name> <sex> <email> <password> -- Create an account with email (or -c)
-#  --del <account_name>                             -- Remove an account (or -d)
-#  --email <account_name> <email>                   -- Modify an email of an account (or -e)
-#  --getcount                                       -- Give the number of players online on all char-servers (or -g)
-#  --gm <account_name> <GM_level>                   -- Change the GM level of an account (or -gm)
-#  --id <account_name>                              -- Give the id of an account (or -i)
-#  --info <account_id>                              -- Display complete information of an account (or -info)
-#  --kami <message>                                 -- Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in yellow).
-#  --kamib <message>                                -- Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).
-#  --language <language>                            -- Change the language of displaying (-lang).
-#  --list [First_id [Last_id]]                      -- Display a list of accounts (or -l)
-#  --listBan [start_id [end_id]]                    -- Display a list of accounts with state or banished (or -lBan)
-#  --listGM [First_id [Last_id]]                    -- Display a list of GM accounts (or -lGM)
-#  --listOK [start_id [end_id]]                     -- Display a list of accounts without state and not banished (or -lOK)
-#  --memo <account_name> <memo>                     -- Modify the memo of an account (or -e)
-#  --name <account_id>                              -- Give the name of an account (or -n)
-#  --passwd <account_name> <new_password>           -- Change the password of an account (or -p)
-#  --reloadGM                                       -- Reload GM configuration file (or -r)
-#  --search <expression>                            -- Seek accounts (or -s)
-#  --search -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expression>       -- Seek accounts by REGEX (or -s)
-#  --sex <account_name> <sex>                       -- Change the sex of an account (or -sex)
-#  --state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7> -- Change the state of an account (or -t)
-#  --timeadd <account_name> <modifier>              -- Add or substract time from the validity limit of an account (or - ta)
-#  --timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]   -- Change the validify limit of an account (or -ts)
-#  --timeset <account_name> 0                       -- Give a unlimited validity limit (or -ts)
-#  --unban/unbanish <account_name>                  -- Unban an account (or -uba)
-#  --unblock <account_name>                         -- Set state 0 to an account (or -ubl)
-#  --version                                        -- Display the version of the login-server (or -v)
-#  --who <account_name>                             -- Display complete information of an account (or -w)
-#
-#  <example> ./ladmin --addaccount testname Male testpass
-#
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Possibilities to execute ladmin with symbolic links in Shell
-# To create the symbolic links, execute ladmin with the '-- makesymlink' option.
-#
-#  addaccount <account_name> <sex> <password>            -- Create an account with the default email
-#  banaccount yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name>         -- Change the final date of a banishment of an account
-#  banaddaccount <account_name> <modifier>               -- Add or substract time from the final date of a banishment of an account
-#  bansetaccount <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]    -- Change the final date of a banishment of an account
-#  bansetaccount <account_name> 0                        -- Unbanish an account
-#  blockaccount <account_name>                           -- Set state 5 (blocked by the GM Team) to an account
-#  checkaccount <account_name> <password>                -- Check the validity of a password for an account
-#  createaccount <account_name> <sex> <email> <password> -- Create an account with email
-#  delaccount <account_name>                             -- Remove an account
-#  emailaccount <account_name> <email>                   -- Modify an email of an account
-#  getcount                                              -- Give the number of players online on all char-servers
-#  gmaccount <account_name> <GM_level>                   -- Change the GM level of an account
-#  idaccount <account_name>                              -- Give the id of an account
-#  infoaccount <account_id>                              -- Display complete information of an account
-#  kami <message>                                        -- Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in yellow).
-#  kamib <message>                                       -- Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).
-#  ladminlanguage <language>                             -- Change the language of displaying.
-#  listaccount [First_id [Last_id]]                      -- Display a list of accounts
-#  listBanaccount [start_id [end_id]]                    -- Display a list of accounts with state or banished
-#  listGMaccount [First_id [Last_id]]                    -- Display a list of GM accounts
-#  listOKaccount [start_id [end_id]]                     -- Display a list of accounts without state and not banished
-#  loginserverversion                                    -- Display the version of the login-server
-#  memoaccount <account_name> <memo>                     -- Modify the memo of an account
-#  nameaccount <account_id>                              -- Give the name of an account
-#  passwdaccount <account_name> <new_password>           -- Change the password of an account
-#  reloadGM                                              -- Reload GM configuration file
-#  searchaccount <expression>                            -- Seek accounts
-#  searchaccount -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expression>       -- Seek accounts by REGEX
-#  sexaccount <account_name> <sex>                       -- Change the sex of an account (or -sex)
-#  stateaccount <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7> -- Change the state of an account
-#  timeaddaccount <account_name> <modifier>              -- Add or substract time from the validity limit of an account
-#  timesetaccount <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]   -- Change the validify limit of an account
-#  timesetaccount <account_name> 0                       -- Give a unlimited validity limit
-#  unbanaccount <account_name>                           -- Unban an account
-#  unblockaccount <account_name>                         -- Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account
-#  whoaccount <account_name>                             -- Display complete information of an account
-#  <exemple> ./addaccount testname Male testpass
-#
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# About the encoding:
-#
-#   The Digest::MD5 module is necessary to use the encrypted password system.
-#   When the software cannot found the Digest::MD5 module,
-#     encoding is automatically disabled ($passenc=0), which allows
-#     to use this program in any cases.
-#
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# How to use ladmin with UNIX:
-#
-# You excecute ladmin as a standard command.
-#  <Example of preparation to have an access to ladmin>
-#    $ mv ladmin ladmin_org
-#    $ nkf -eLu ladmin_org > ladmin
-#    $ chmod 700 ladmin
-#  <Example to start directly ladmin>
-#    $ perl ladmin
-#
-##########################################################################
-
-
-use strict;
-use IO::Socket;
-use Term::ReadLine;
-eval { use POSIX qw(:termios_h); };
-eval { use Digest::MD5 qw(md5); } if $passenc;
-$passenc = 0 if($@);
-
-my($ver) = "1.00";
-
-# Start of termios
-my($termios, $orgterml, $termlecho, $termlnoecho) = ();
-eval{
-	$termios = POSIX::Termios->new();
-	$termios->getattr(fileno(STDIN));
-	$orgterml = $termios->getlflag();
-	$termlecho = ECHO | ECHOK | ICANON;
-	$termlnoecho = $orgterml & ~$termlecho;
-};
-
-# Modification of termios for the displaying of passwords (no displays for pressed keys)
-sub cbreak() {
-	if ($termios) {
-		$termios->setlflag($termlnoecho);
-		$termios->setcc(VTIME, 1);
-		$termios->setattr(fileno(STDIN), TCSANOW);
-	}
-}
-# Modification of termios to return at the normal displaying (after input of the passwords)
-sub cooked() {
-	if ($termios) {
-		$termios->setlflag($orgterml);
-		$termios->setcc(VTIME,0);
-		$termios->setattr(fileno(STDIN),TCSANOW);
-	}
-}
-END{ cooked() }
-
-if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-	print "Outil d'administration à distance de eAthena V.$ver\n";
-} else {
-	print "EAthena login-server administration tool V.$ver\n";
-}
-
-# Creation of the symbolic links for call of the program in line command of the shell
-if ($ARGV[0] eq "--makesymlink") {
-	symlink $0, "loginserverversion";
-	symlink $0, "addaccount";
-	symlink $0, "banaccount";
-	symlink $0, "banaddaccount";
-	symlink $0, "bansetaccount";
-	symlink $0, "blockaccount";
-	symlink $0, "checkaccount";
-	symlink $0, "createaccount";
-	symlink $0, "delaccount";
-	symlink $0, "emailaccount";
-	symlink $0, "getcount";
-	symlink $0, "gmaccount";
-	symlink $0, "idaccount";
-	symlink $0, "infoaccount";
-	symlink $0, "kami";
-	symlink $0, "kamib";
-	symlink $0, "ladminlanguage";
-	symlink $0, "listaccount";
-	symlink $0, "listBanaccount";
-	symlink $0, "listGMaccount";
-	symlink $0, "listOKaccount";
-	symlink $0, "memoaccount";
-	symlink $0, "nameaccount";
-	symlink $0, "passwdaccount";
-	symlink $0, "reloadGM";
-	symlink $0, "searchaccount";
-	symlink $0, "sexaccount";
-	symlink $0, "stateaccount";
-	symlink $0, "timeaddaccount";
-	symlink $0, "timesetaccount";
-	symlink $0, "unbanaccount";
-	symlink $0, "unblockaccount";
-	symlink $0, "whoaccount";
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print "Liens symbliques créés.\n";
-	} else {
-		print "Symbolic links created.\n";
-	}
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-# Connection to the login-server
-my($so,$er) = ();
-eval{
-	$so = IO::Socket::INET->new(
-		PeerAddr=> $loginserverip,
-		PeerPort=> $loginserverport,
-#		Proto   => "tcp",
-		Timeout => $connecttimeout) or $er = 1;
-};
-if ($er || $@) {
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print "\nImpossible de se connecter au serveur de login [${loginserverip}:$loginserverport] !\n";
-	} else {
-		print "\nImpossible to have a connection with the login-server [${loginserverip}:$loginserverport] !\n";
-	}
-	print "$!\n";	# Displaying of the error
-	exit(2);
-}
-
-# Sending the administration password
-if ($passenc == 0) {
-	print $so pack("v2a24",0x7918,0,$loginserveradminpassword);
-	$so->flush();
-} else {
-	print $so pack("v",0x791a);
-	$so->flush();
-	my($buf) = readso(4);
-	if (unpack("v",$buf) != 0x01dc) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Erreur au login (échec de la création de la clef md5).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Error at login (failure of the md5 key creation).\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$buf = readso(unpack("x2v",$buf)-4);
-	my($md5bin) = md5(($passenc == 1) ? $buf.$loginserveradminpassword : $loginserveradminpassword.$buf);
-	print $so pack("v2a16",0x7918,$passenc,$md5bin);
-	$so->flush();
-}
-
-# Waiting of the server reply
-my($buf) = readso(3);
-
-if (unpack("v",$buf) != 0x7919 || unpack("x2c",$buf) != 0) {
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print "Erreur de login:\n";
-		print " - mot de passe incorrect,\n";
-		print " - système d'administration non activé, ou\n";
-		print " - IP non autorisée.\n";
-	} else {
-		print "Error at login:\n";
-		print " - incorrect password,\n";
-		print " - administration system not activated, or\n";
-		print " - unauthorised IP.\n";
-	}
-	quit();
-	exit(4);
-}
-
-if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-	print "Connexion établie.\n";
-} else {
-	print "Established connection.\n";
-}
-
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Here are checked the command lines with arguments and symbolic links (no prompt)
-
-if ($0 =~ /addaccount$/ ||
-    (($ARGV[0] eq "-a" || $ARGV[0] eq "--add") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = addaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1], $ARGV[2]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /banaccount$/ || $0 =~ /banishaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-b" || $ARGV[0] eq "--ban" || $ARGV[0] eq "--banish") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = bansetaccount($ARGV[1], $ARGV[2], $ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /banaddaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-ba" || $ARGV[0] eq "--banadd") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = banaddaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /bansetaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-bs" || $ARGV[0] eq "--banset") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = bansetaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1], $ARGV[2]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /blockaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-bl" || $ARGV[0] eq "--block") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changestate($ARGV[0], 5, "");
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /checkaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-check" || $ARGV[0] eq "--check") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = checkaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /createaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-c" || $ARGV[0] eq "--create") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = createaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1], $ARGV[2], $ARGV[3]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /delaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-d" || $ARGV[0] eq "--del") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = delaccount($ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /emailaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-e" || $ARGV[0] eq "--email") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changeemail($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /getcount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-g" || $ARGV[0] eq "--getcount") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = getlogincount();
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /gmaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-gm" || $ARGV[0] eq "--gm") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changegmlevel($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /id$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-i" || $ARGV[0] eq "--id") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = idaccount($ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /infoaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-info" || $ARGV[0] eq "--info") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = infoaccount($ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /kami$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-kami" || $ARGV[0] eq "--kami") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = sendbroadcast(0, $ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /kamib$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-kamib" || $ARGV[0] eq "--kamib") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = sendbroadcast(0x10, $ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /ladminlanguage$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-lang" || $ARGV[0] eq "--language") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changelanguage($ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /listaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-l" || $ARGV[0] eq "--list") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = listaccount(int($ARGV[0]), int($ARGV[1]), 0); # 0: to list all
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /listBanaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-lBan" || $ARGV[0] eq "--listBan") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = listaccount(int($ARGV[0]), int($ARGV[1]), 3); # 3: to list only accounts with state or banished
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /listGMaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-lGM" || $ARGV[0] eq "--listGM") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = listaccount(int($ARGV[0]), int($ARGV[1]), 1); # 1: to list only GM
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /listOKaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-lOK" || $ARGV[0] eq "--listOK") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = listaccount(int($ARGV[0]), int($ARGV[1]), 4); # 4: to list only accounts without state and not banished
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /loginserverversion$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-v" || $ARGV[0] eq "--version") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = checkloginversion();
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /memoaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-m" || $ARGV[0] eq "--memo") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changememo($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /nameaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-n" || $ARGV[0] eq "--name") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = nameaccount(int($ARGV[0]));
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /passwdaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-p" || $ARGV[0] eq "--passwd") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changepasswd($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /reloadGM$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-r" || $ARGV[0] eq "--reloadGM") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = reloadGM();
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /searchaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-s" || $ARGV[0] eq "--search") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = searchaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /sexaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-sex" || $ARGV[0] eq "--sex") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changesex($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /stateaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-t" || $ARGV[0] eq "--state") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changestate($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1], $ARGV[2]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /timeaddaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-ta" || $ARGV[0] eq "--timeadd") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = timeaddaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /timesetaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-ts" || $ARGV[0] eq "--timeset") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = timesetaccount($ARGV[0], $ARGV[1], $ARGV[2]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /unbanaccount$/ || $0 =~ /unbanishaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-uba" || $ARGV[0] eq "--unban" || $ARGV[0] eq "--unbanish") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = bansetaccount($ARGV[0], 0, "");
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /unblockaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-ubl" || $ARGV[0] eq "--unblock") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = changestate($ARGV[0], 0, "");
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-} elsif ($0 =~ /whoaccount$/ ||
-         (($ARGV[0] eq "-w" || $ARGV[0] eq "--who") && ((shift @ARGV), 1))) {
-	my($r) = whoaccount($ARGV[0]);
-	quit();
-	exit($r);
-}
-
-#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-	print "Lecture de la version du serveur de login...\n";
-} else {
-	print "Reading of the version of the login-server...\n";
-}
-checkloginversion();
-
-# Set the prompt line
-my($term) = new Term::ReadLine "ladmin";
-
-# Here begin the infinite loop to read prompts
-while(1) {
-	# Displaying of the prompt
-	print "\n";
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		printf "\033[32mPour afficher les commandes, tapez 'Entrée'.\033[0m\n";
-	} else {
-		printf "\033[32mTo list the commands, type 'enter'.\033[0m\n";
-	}
-	my($cmd) = $term->readline("ladmin> ");
-	# split and recovery of the input
-	chomp $cmd; # remove cariage return
-	$cmd =~ s/\x1b\[\d*\w//g; # remove (esc)[(number)(1alpha) = screen control sequence
-	$cmd =~ s/[\x00-\x1f]//g; # remove control char
-	my($command, $parameters) = split /\s+/,$cmd,2; # extract command and parameters
-	$command = lc($command); # command in lowercase
-	my(@paramlist) = split /\s+/,$parameters; # get list of parameters
-
-	if ($command eq "?" || $command eq "") {
-		$command = "aide" if ($defaultlanguage eq "F");
-		$command = "help" if ($defaultlanguage ne "F");
-	}
-
-	# Analyse of the command
-	eval {
-# help
-		if ("aide" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "a") { # check 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-			displayhelp("aide", $paramlist[0]);
-		} elsif ("help" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			displayhelp("help", $paramlist[0]);
-
-# general commands
-		} elsif ("add" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "a") { # check 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				addaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> <sex> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				addaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], ""); # <account_name> <sex> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				addaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> <sex> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				addaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], ""); # <account_name> <sex> <password>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				addaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> <sex> <password>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ($command eq "ban" || ("banish" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4)) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+"(.*)"/)) { # yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name>
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[2], $paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+'(.*)'/)) { # yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name>
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[2], $paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,3; # yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name>
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[2], $paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			}
-
-		} elsif (("banadd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ba") && $command ne "b") { # check 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				banaddaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <modifier>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				banaddaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <modifier>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				banaddaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <modifier>
-			}
-
-		} elsif (("banset" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "bs") && $command ne "b") { # check 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], "23:59:59"); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], "23:59:59"); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("block" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 2) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], 5, ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], 5, ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				changestate($paramlist[0], 5, ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("check" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "c") { # check 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(.*)/)) {
-				checkaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				checkaccount($paramlist[0], ""); # <account_name> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(.*)/)) {
-				checkaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				checkaccount($paramlist[0], ""); # <account_name> <password>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				checkaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <password>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("create" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "c") { # check 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				createaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2], $paramlist[3]); # <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				createaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2], ""); # <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				createaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2], $paramlist[3]); # <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				createaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2], ""); # <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				createaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2], $paramlist[3]); # <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("del" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "delete" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				delaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				delaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				delaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("email" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "e") { # check 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				changeemail($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <email>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				changeemail($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <email>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				changeemail($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <email>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("getcount" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "g") { # check 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-			getlogincount();
-
-		} elsif ("gm" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "g") { # check 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				changegmlevel($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1])); # <account_name> <GM_level>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				changegmlevel($paramlist[0], 0); # <account_name> <GM_level>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				changegmlevel($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1])); # <account_name> <GM_level>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				changegmlevel($paramlist[0], 0); # <account_name> <GM_level>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				changegmlevel($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1])); # <account_name> <GM_level>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("id" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "i") { # check 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				idaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				idaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				idaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("info" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "i") { # check 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-			infoaccount(int($paramlist[0])); # <account_id>
-
-		} elsif ($command eq "kami") { # check all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
-			@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-			sendbroadcast(0, $paramlist[0]); # <type> <message>
-
-		} elsif ($command eq "kamib") { # check all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
-			@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-			sendbroadcast(0x10, $paramlist[0]); # <type> <message>
-
-		} elsif ("language" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "l") { # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			changelanguage($paramlist[0]); # <language>
-
-		} elsif (("list" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ls") && $command ne "l") { # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			listaccount(int($paramlist[0]), int($paramlist[1]), 0); # [start_id [end_id]] 0: to list all
-
-		} elsif (("listban" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsban") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write Ban to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			listaccount(int($paramlist[0]), int($paramlist[1]), 3); # [start_id [end_id]] 3: to list only accounts with state or banished
-
-		} elsif (("listgm" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsgm") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write GM to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			listaccount(int($paramlist[0]), int($paramlist[1]), 1); # [start_id [end_id]] 1: to list only GM
-
-		} elsif (("listok" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsok") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write OK to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			listaccount(int($paramlist[0]), int($paramlist[1]), 4); # [start_id [end_id]] 4: to list only accounts without state and not banished
-
-		} elsif ("memo" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(.*)/)) {
-				changememo($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <memo>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(.*)/)) {
-				changememo($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <memo>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,2;
-				changememo($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <memo>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("name" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			nameaccount(int($paramlist[0])); # <account_id>
-
-		} elsif ("passwd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "password" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(.*)/)) {
-				changepasswd($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <new_password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				changepasswd($paramlist[0], ""); # <account_name> <new_password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(.*)/)) {
-				changepasswd($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <new_password>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				changepasswd($paramlist[0], ""); # <account_name> <new_password>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,2;
-				changepasswd($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <new_password>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("reloadgm" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			reloadGM();
-
-		} elsif ("search" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s" && # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-		          $command ne "se") { # check 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^(-{1,2}[re]\S*)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				searchaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression> | <expression>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				searchaccount($paramlist[0], ""); # -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression> | <expression>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("sex" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s" && # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-		          $command ne "se") { # check 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				changesex($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <sex>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				changesex($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <sex>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				changesex($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <sex>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("state" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s") { # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\d+)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1]), $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\d+)/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1]), ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\d+)\s+(.*)/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1]), $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\d+)/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1]), ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,3;
-				changestate($paramlist[0], int($paramlist[1]), $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			}
-
-		} elsif (("timeadd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ta") && $command ne "t") { # check 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				timeaddaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <modifier>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				timeaddaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <modifier>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				timeaddaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1]); # <account_name> <modifier>
-			}
-
-		} elsif (("timeset" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ts") && $command ne "t") { # check 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'?
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				timesetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				timesetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], "23:59:59"); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				timesetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'\s+(\S+)/)) {
-				timesetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], "23:59:59"); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters;
-				timesetaccount($paramlist[0], $paramlist[1], $paramlist[2]); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			}
-
-		} elsif ($command eq "unban" || ("unbanish" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4)) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], 0, ""); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], 0, ""); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				bansetaccount($paramlist[0], 0, ""); # <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("unblock" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], 0, ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				changestate($paramlist[0], 0, ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				changestate($paramlist[0], 0, ""); # <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>
-			}
-
-		} elsif ("version" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			checkloginversion();
-
-		} elsif ("who" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			if (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^"(.*)"/)) {
-				whoaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			} elsif (@paramlist = ($parameters =~ m/^'(.*)'/)) {
-				whoaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			} else {
-				@paramlist = split /\s+/,$parameters,1;
-				whoaccount($paramlist[0]); # <account_name>
-			}
-
-# quit
-		} elsif ("quit" =~ /^\Q$command/ ||
-		         (("end" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "exit" =~ /^\Q$command/) && $command ne "e")) { # check 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-			last;
-
-# unknown command
-		} elsif ($command) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Commande inconnue [".$command."]\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Unknown command [".$command."]\n";
-			}
-		}
-#		$term->addhistory($cmd) if $command;
-	};
-	if ($@) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Erreur [".$command."]\n$@";
-		} else {
-			print "Error [".$command."]\n$@";
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-# End of the software
-quit();
-
-if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-	print "Au revoir.\n";
-} else {
-	print "Bye.\n";
-}
-exit(0);
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Displaying of the version of the login-server
-sub checkloginversion() {
-	print $so pack("v",30000); # 0x7530
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(10);
-	# Analyse du Packet
-	my($ret, $maver, $miver, $rev, $dev, $mod, $type, $mdver) = unpack("vc6v", $buf);
-	if ($ret != 30001) { #0x7531
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		exit(6);
-	}
-
-	print "  Login-Server [$loginserverip:$loginserverport]\n";
-	printf "  eAthena version %s-%d.%d", ("stable", "dev")[$dev], $maver, $miver;
-	printf " revision %d", $rev if $rev;
-	printf "%s%d.\n", ("", "-mod")[$mod], $mdver;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Displaying of the help
-sub displayhelp() {
-	my($help, $receivedcommand) = @_;
-
-	my($command) = lc($receivedcommand); # command in lowercase
-
-	if ($command eq "") {
-		$command = "not a command"; # any value that is not a command
-	}
-
-	if ($command eq "?") {
-		$command = "aide" if ($defaultlanguage eq "F");
-		$command = "help" if ($defaultlanguage ne "F");
-	}
-
-	if ($help eq "aide") {
-		if ("aide" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "a") { # check 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-			printf "aide/help/?\n";
-			printf "  Affiche la description des commandes\n";
-			printf "aide/help/? [commande]\n";
-			printf "  Affiche la description de la commande specifiée\n";
-		} elsif ("help" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "aide/help/?\n";
-			printf "  Display the description of the commands\n";
-			printf "aide/help/? [command]\n";
-			printf "  Display the description of the specified command\n";
-		} elsif ("add" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "a") { # check 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-			printf "add <nomcompte> <sexe> <motdepasse>\n";
-			printf "  Crée un compte avec l'email par défaut (a\@a.com).\n";
-			printf "  Concernant le sexe, seule la première lettre compte (F ou M).\n";
-			printf "  L'e-mail est a\@a.com (e-mail par défaut). C'est comme n'avoir aucun e-mail.\n";
-			printf "  Lorsque motdepasse est omis, la saisie se fait sans que la frappe se voit.\n";
-			printf "  <exemple> add testname Male testpass\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "ban" || ("banish" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4)) {
-			printf "ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nomcompte>\n";
-			printf "  Change la date de fin de bannissement d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  La différence avec banset est la position du nom du compte.\n";
-		} elsif (("banadd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ba") && $command ne "b") { # check 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'?
-			printf "banadd <nomcompte> <Modificateur>\n";
-			printf "  Ajoute ou soustrait du temps à la date de banissement d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  Les modificateurs sont construits comme suit:\n";
-			printf "    Valeur d'ajustement (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			printf "    Elément modifié:\n";
-			printf "      a ou y: année\n";
-			printf "      m:      mois\n";
-			printf "      j ou d: jour\n";
-			printf "      h:      heure\n";
-			printf "      mn:     minute\n";
-			printf "      s:      seconde\n";
-			printf "  <exemple> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6a\n";
-			printf "            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et une seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n";
-			printf "            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n";
-			printf "NOTE: Si vous modifez la date de banissement d'un compte non bani,\n";
-			printf "      vous indiquez comme date (le moment actuel +- les ajustements)\n";
-		} elsif (("banset" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "bs") && $command ne "b") { # check 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'?
-			printf "banset <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			printf "  Change la date de fin de bannissement d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  Heure par défaut: 23:59:59\n";
-			printf "banset <nomcompte> 0\n";
-			printf "  Débanni un compte (0 = de-banni).\n";
-		} elsif ("block" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 2) {
-			printf "block <nom compte>\n";
-			printf "  Place le status d'un compte à 5 (You have been blocked by the GM Team).\n";
-			printf "  La commande est l'équivalent de state <nom_compte> 5.\n";
-		} elsif ("check" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "c") { # check 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-			printf "check <nomcompte> <motdepasse>\n";
-			printf "  Vérifie la validité d'un mot de passe pour un compte\n";
-			printf "  NOTE: Le serveur n'enverra jamais un mot de passe.\n";
-			printf "        C'est la seule méthode que vous possédez pour savoir\n";
-			printf "        si un mot de passe est le bon. L'autre méthode est\n";
-			printf "        d'avoir un accès ('physique') au fichier des comptes.\n";
-		} elsif ("create" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "c") { # check 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-			printf "create <nomcompte> <sexe> <email> <motdepasse>\n";
-			printf "  Comme la commande add, mais avec l'e-mail en plus.\n";
-			printf "  <exemple> create testname Male mon\@mail.com testpass\n";
-		} elsif ("del" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "delete" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "del <nomcompte>\n";
-			printf "  Supprime un compte.\n";
-			printf "  La commande demande confirmation. Après confirmation, le compte est détruit.\n";
-		} elsif ("email" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "e") { # check 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-			printf "email <nomcompte> <email>\n";
-			printf "  Modifie l'e-mail d'un compte.\n";
-		} elsif ("getcount" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "g") { # check 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-			printf "getcount\n";
-			printf "  Donne le nombre de joueurs en ligne par serveur de char.\n";
-		} elsif ("gm" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "g") { # check 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-			printf "gm <nomcompte> [Niveau_GM]\n";
-			printf "  Modifie le niveau de GM d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  Valeur par défaut: 0 (suppression du niveau de GM).\n";
-			printf "  <exemple> gm nomtest 80\n";
-		} elsif ("id" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "i") { # check 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-			printf "id <nomcompte>\n";
-			printf "  Donne l'id d'un compte.\n";
-		} elsif ("info" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "i") { # check 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-			printf "info <idcompte>\n";
-			printf "  Affiche les informations sur un compte.\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "kami") { # check all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
-			printf "kami <message>\n";
-			printf "  Envoi un message général sur tous les serveurs de map (en jaune).\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "kamib") { # check all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
-			printf "kamib <message>\n";
-			printf "  Envoi un message général sur tous les serveurs de map (en bleu).\n";
-		} elsif ("language" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "l") { # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf("language <langue>\n");
-			printf("  Change la langue d'affichage.\n");
-			printf("  Langues possibles: 'Français' ou 'English'.\n");
-		} elsif (("list" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ls") && $command ne "l") { # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "list/ls [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Affiche une liste de comptes.\n";
-			printf "  'Premier_id', 'Dernier_id': indique les identifiants de départ et de fin.\n";
-			printf "  La recherche par nom n'est pas possible avec cette commande.\n";
-			printf "  <example> list 10 9999999\n";
-		} elsif (("listban" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsban") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write Ban to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "listBan/lsBan [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Comme list/ls, mais seulement pour les comptes GM avec un statut ou bannis.\n";
-		} elsif (("listgm" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsgm") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write GM to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "listGM/lsGM [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Comme list/ls, mais seulement pour les comptes GM.\n";
-		} elsif (("listok" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsok") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write OK to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "listOK/lsOK [Premier_id [Dernier_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Comme list/ls, mais seulement pour les comptes sans statut et non bannis.\n";
-		} elsif ("memo" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "memo <nomcompte> <memo>\n";
-			printf "  Modifie le mémo d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  'memo': Il peut avoir jusqu'à 253 caractères (avec des espaces ou non).\n";
-		} elsif ("name" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "name <idcompte>\n";
-			printf "  Donne le nom d'un compte.\n";
-		} elsif ("passwd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "password" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "passwd <nomcompte> <nouveaumotdepasse>\n";
-			printf "  Change le mot de passe d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  Lorsque nouveaumotdepasse est omis,\n";
-			printf "  la saisie se fait sans que la frappe ne se voit.\n";
-		} elsif ("reloadgm" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "reloadGM\n";
-			printf "  Reload GM configuration file\n";
-		} elsif ("search" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s" && # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-		          $command ne "se") { # check 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-			printf "search <expression>\n";
-			printf "  Cherche des comptes.\n";
-			printf "  Affiche les comptes dont les noms correspondent.\n";
-			printf "search -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression>\n";
-			printf "  Cherche des comptes par expression regulière.\n";
-			printf "  Affiche les comptes dont les noms correspondent.\n";
-		} elsif ("sex" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s" && # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-		          $command ne "se") { # check 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-			printf "sex <nomcompte> <sexe>\n";
-			printf "  Modifie le sexe d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  <exemple> sex testname Male\n";
-		} elsif ("state" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s") { # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-			printf "state <nomcompte> <nouveaustatut> <message_erreur_7>\n";
-			printf "  Change le statut d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  'nouveaustatut': Le statut est le même que celui du packet 0x006a + 1.\n";
-			printf "               les possibilités sont:\n";
-			printf "               0 = Compte ok\n";
-			printf "               1 = Unregistered ID\n";
-			printf "               2 = Incorrect Password\n";
-			printf "               3 = This ID is expired\n";
-			printf "               4 = Rejected from Server\n";
-			printf "               5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n";
-			printf "               6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n";
-			printf "               7 = You are Prohibited to log in until...\n";
-			printf "               8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n";
-			printf "               9 = No MSG\n";
-			printf "               100 = This ID has been totally erased\n";
-			printf "               all other values are 'No MSG', then use state 9 please.\n";
-			printf "  'message_erreur_7': message du code erreur 6 =\n";
-			printf "                      = Your are Prohibited to log in until... (packet 0x006a)\n";
-		} elsif (("timeadd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ta") && $command ne "t") { # check 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'?
-			printf "timeadd <nomcompte> <modificateur>\n";
-			printf "  Ajoute/soustrait du temps à la limite de validité d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  Le modificateur est composé comme suit:\n";
-			printf "    Valeur modificatrice (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			printf "    Elément modifié:\n";
-			printf "      a ou y: année\n";
-			printf "      m:      mois\n";
-			printf "      j ou d: jour\n";
-			printf "      h:      heure\n";
-			printf "      mn:     minute\n";
-			printf "      s:      seconde\n";
-			printf "  <exemple> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6a\n";
-			printf "            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et une seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n";
-			printf "            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n";
-			printf "NOTE: Vous ne pouvez pas modifier une limite de validité illimitée. Si vous\n";
-			printf "      désirez le faire, c'est que vous voulez probablement créer un limite de\n";
-			printf "      validité limitée. Donc, en premier, fixé une limite de valitidé.\n";
-		} elsif (("timeset" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ts") && $command ne "t") { # check 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'?
-			printf "timeset <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			printf "  Change la limite de validité d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  Heure par défaut: 23:59:59\n";
-			printf "timeset <nomcompte> 0\n";
-			printf "  Donne une limite de validité illimitée (0 = illimitée).\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "unban" || ("unbanish" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4)) {
-			printf "unban/unbanish <nom compte>\n";
-			printf "  Ote le banissement d'un compte.\n";
-			printf "  La commande est l'équivalent de banset <nom_compte> 0.\n";
-		} elsif ("unblock" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4) {
-			printf "unblock <nom compte>\n";
-			printf "  Place le status d'un compte à 0 (Compte ok).\n";
-			printf "  La commande est l'équivalent de state <nom_compte> 0.\n";
-		} elsif ("version" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "version\n";
-			printf "  Affiche la version du login-serveur.\n";
-		} elsif ("who" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "who <nomcompte>\n";
-			printf "  Affiche les informations sur un compte.\n";
-		} elsif ("quit" =~ /^\Q$command/ ||
-		         (("end" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "exit" =~ /^\Q$command/) && $command ne "e")) { # check 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?\n";
-			printf "quit/end/exit\n";
-			printf "  Fin du programme d'administration.\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($receivedcommand ne "") {
-				printf "Commande inconnue [%s] pour l'aide. Affichage de toutes les commandes.\n", $receivedcommand;
-			}
-			print << "ENDOFAIDE";
- aide/help/?                             -- Affiche cet aide
- aide/help/? [commande]                  -- Affiche l'aide de la commande
- add <nomcompte> <sexe> <motdepasse>     -- Crée un compte (sans email)
- ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nomcompte>-- Change la date finale de banismnt
- banadd/ba <nomcompte> <modificateur>    -- Ajout/soustrait du temps à la
-   exemple: ba moncompte +1m-2mn1s-2y       date finale de banissement
- banset/bs <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss] -- Change la date fin de banisemnt
- banset/bs <nomcompte> 0                 -- Dé-banis un compte.
- block <nom compte>  -- Mets le status d'un compte à 5 (blocked by the GM Team)
- check <nomcompte> <motdepasse>          -- Vérifie un mot de passe d'un compte
- create <nomcompte> <sexe> <email> <motdepasse> -- Crée un compte (avec email)
- del <nomcompte>                         -- Supprime un compte
- email <nomcompte> <email>               -- Modifie l'e-mail d'un compte
- getcount                                -- Donne le nb de joueurs en ligne
- gm <nomcompte> [Niveau_GM]              -- Modifie le niveau de GM d'un compte
- id <nomcompte>                          -- Donne l'id d'un compte
- info <idcompte>                         -- Affiche les infos sur un compte
- kami <message>                          -- Envoi un message général (en jaune)
- kamib <message>                         -- Envoi un message général (en bleu)
- language <langue>                       -- Change la langue d'affichage.
- list/ls [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]      -- Affiche une liste de comptes
- listBan/lsBan [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]-- Affiche une liste de comptes
-                                            avec un statut ou bannis
- listGM/lsGM [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]  -- Affiche une liste de comptes GM
- listOK/lsOK [Premier_id [Dernier_id] ]  -- Affiche une liste de comptes
-                                            sans status et non bannis
- memo <nomcompte> <memo>                 -- Modifie le memo d'un compte
- name <idcompte>                         -- Donne le nom d'un compte
- passwd <nomcompte> <nouveaumotdepasse>  -- Change le mot de passe d'un compte
- quit/end/exit                           -- Fin du programme d'administation
- reloadGM                              -- Recharger le fichier de config des GM
- search <expression>                     -- Cherche des comptes
- search -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expression> -- Cherche des comptes par REGEX
- sex <nomcompte> <sexe>                  -- Modifie le sexe d'un compte
- state <nomcompte> <nouveaustatut> <messageerr7> -- Change le statut d'1 compte
- timeadd/ta <nomcompte> <modificateur>   -- Ajout/soustrait du temps à la
-   exemple: ta moncompte +1m-2mn1s-2y       limite de validité
- timeset/ts <nomcompte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss] -- Change la limite de validité
- timeset/ts <nomcompte> 0                -- limite de validité = illimitée
- unban/unbanish <nom compte>             -- Ote le banissement d'un compte
- unblock <nom compte>            -- Mets le status d'un compte à 0 (Compte ok)
- version                                 -- Donne la version du login-serveur
- who <nomcompte>                         -- Affiche les infos sur un compte
-ENDOFAIDE
-			printf(" Note: Pour les noms de compte avec des espaces, tapez \"<nom compte>\" (ou ').\n");
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ("aide" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "a") { # check 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-			printf "aide/help/?\n";
-			printf "  Display the description of the commands\n";
-			printf "aide/help/? [command]\n";
-			printf "  Display the description of the specified command\n";
-		} elsif ("help" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "aide/help/?\n";
-			printf "  Display the description of the commands\n";
-			printf "aide/help/? [command]\n";
-			printf "  Display the description of the specified command\n";
-		} elsif ("add" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "a") { # check 1 letter command: 'aide' or 'add'?
-			printf "add <account_name> <sex> <password>\n";
-			printf "  Create an account with the default email (a\@a.com).\n";
-			printf "  Concerning the sex, only the first letter is used (F or M).\n";
-			printf "  The e-mail is set to a\@a.com (default e-mail). It's like to have no e-mail.\n";
-			printf "  When the password is omitted,\n";
-			printf "  the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.\n";
-			printf "  <example> add testname Male testpass\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "ban" || ("banish" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4)) {
-			printf "ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name>\n";
-			printf "  Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.\n";
-			printf "  The difference with banset is the position of the account name.\n";
-		} elsif (("banadd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ba") && $command ne "b") { # check 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'?
-			printf "banadd <account_name> <modifier>\n";
-			printf "  Adds or substracts time from the final date of a banishment of an account.\n";
-			printf "  Modifier is done as follows:\n";
-			printf "    Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			printf "    Modified element:\n";
-			printf "      a or y: year\n";
-			printf "      m:  month\n";
-			printf "      j or d: day\n";
-			printf "      h:  hour\n";
-			printf "      mn: minute\n";
-			printf "      s:  second\n";
-			printf "  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			printf "            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n";
-			printf "            and 6 years at the same time.\n";
-			printf "NOTE: If you modify the final date of a non-banished account,\n";
-			printf "      you fix the final date to (actual time +- adjustments)\n";
-		} elsif (("banset" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "bs") && $command ne "b") { # check 1 letter command: 'ba' or 'bs'?
-			printf "banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			printf "  Changes the final date of a banishment of an account.\n";
-			printf "  Default time: 23:59:59\n";
-			printf "banset <account_name> 0\n";
-			printf "  Set a non-banished account (0 = unbanished).\n";
-		} elsif ("block" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 2) {
-			printf "block <account name>\n";
-			printf "  Set state 5 (You have been blocked by the GM Team) to an account.\n";
-			printf "  Same command of state <account_name> 5.\n";
-		} elsif ("check" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "c") { # check 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-			printf "check <account_name> <password>\n";
-			printf "  Check the validity of a password for an account.\n";
-			printf "  NOTE: Server will never sends back a password.\n";
-			printf "        It's the only method you have to know if a password is correct.\n";
-			printf "        The other method is to have a ('physical') access to the accounts file.\n";
-		} elsif ("create" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "c") { # check 1 letter command: 'check' or 'create'?
-			printf "create <account_name> <sex> <email> <password>\n";
-			printf "  Like the 'add' command, but with e-mail moreover.\n";
-			printf "  <example> create testname Male my\@mail.com testpass\n";
-		} elsif ("del" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "delete" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "del <account_name>\n";
-			printf "  Remove an account.\n";
-			printf "  This order requires confirmation. After confirmation, the account is deleted.\n";
-		} elsif ("email" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "e") { # check 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?
-			printf "email <account_name> <email>\n";
-			printf "  Modify the e-mail of an account.\n";
-		} elsif ("getcount" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "g") { # check 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-			printf "getcount\n";
-			printf "  Give the number of players online on all char-servers.\n";
-		} elsif ("gm" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "g") { # check 1 letter command: 'getcount' or 'gm'?
-			printf "gm <account_name> [GM_level]\n";
-			printf "  Modify the GM level of an account.\n";
-			printf "  Default value remove GM level (GM level = 0).\n";
-			printf "  <example> gm testname 80\n";
-		} elsif ("id" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "i") { # check 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-			printf "id <account_name>\n";
-			printf "  Give the id of an account.\n";
-		} elsif ("info" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "i") { # check 1 letter command: 'id' or 'info'?
-			printf "info <account_id>\n";
-			printf "  Display complete information of an account.\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "kami") { # check all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
-			printf "kami <message>\n";
-			printf "  Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in yellow).\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "kamib") { # check all letters command: 'kami' or 'kamib'?
-			printf "kamib <message>\n";
-			printf "  Sends a broadcast message on all map-server (in blue).\n";
-		} elsif ("language" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "l") { # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf("language <language>\n");
-			printf("  Change the language of displaying.\n");
-			printf("  Possible languages: Français or English.\n");
-		} elsif (("list" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ls") && $command ne "l") { # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "list/ls [start_id [end_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Display a list of accounts.\n";
-			printf "  'start_id', 'end_id': indicate end and start identifiers.\n";
-			printf "  Research by name is not possible with this command.\n";
-			printf "  <example> list 10 9999999\n";
-		} elsif (("listban" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsban") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write Ban to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "listBan/lsBan [start_id [end_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Like list/ls, but only for accounts with state or banished.\n";
-		} elsif (("listgm" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsgm") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write GM to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "listGM/lsGM [start_id [end_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Like list/ls, but only for GM accounts.\n";
-		} elsif (("listok" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "lsok") && $command ne "l") { # need to specificaly write OK to have this list # check 1 letter command: 'list' or 'language'?
-			printf "listOK/lsOK [start_id [end_id]]\n";
-			printf "  Like list/ls, but only for accounts without state and not banished.\n";
-		} elsif ("memo" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "memo <account_name> <memo>\n";
-			printf "  Modify the memo of an account.\n";
-			printf "  'memo': it can have until 253 characters (with spaces or not).\n";
-		} elsif ("name" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "name <account_id>\n";
-			printf "  Give the name of an account.\n";
-		} elsif ("passwd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "password" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "passwd <account_name> <new_password>\n";
-			printf "  Change the password of an account.\n";
-			printf "  When new password is omitted,\n";
-			printf "  the input is done without displaying of the pressed keys.\n";
-		} elsif ("reloadgm" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "reloadGM\n";
-			printf "  Reload GM configuration file\n";
-		} elsif ("search" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s" && # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-		          $command ne "se") { # check 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-			printf "search <expression>\n";
-			printf "  Seek accounts.\n";
-			printf "  Displays the accounts whose names correspond.\n";
-			printf "search -r/-e/--expr/--regex <expression>\n";
-			printf "  Seek accounts by regular expression.\n";
-			printf "  Displays the accounts whose names correspond.\n";
-		} elsif ("sex" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s" && # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-		          $command ne "se") { # check 2 letters command: 'search' or 'sex'?
-			printf "sex <account_name> <sex>\n";
-			printf "  Modify the sex of an account.\n";
-			printf "  <example> sex testname Male\n";
-		} elsif ("state" =~ /^\Q$command/ && $command ne "s") { # check 1 letter command: 'search', 'state' or 'sex'?
-			printf "state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7>\n";
-			printf "  Change the state of an account.\n";
-			printf "  'new_state': state is the state of the packet 0x006a + 1.\n";
-			printf "               The possibilities are:\n";
-			printf "               0 = Account ok\n";
-			printf "               1 = Unregistered ID\n";
-			printf "               2 = Incorrect Password\n";
-			printf "               3 = This ID is expired\n";
-			printf "               4 = Rejected from Server\n";
-			printf "               5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n";
-			printf "               6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n";
-			printf "               7 = You are Prohibited to log in until...\n";
-			printf "               8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n";
-			printf "               9 = No MSG\n";
-			printf "               100 = This ID has been totally erased\n";
-			printf "               all other values are 'No MSG', then use state 9 please.\n";
-			printf "  'error_message_#7': message of the code error 6\n";
-			printf "                      = Your are Prohibited to log in until... (packet 0x006a)\n";
-		} elsif (("timeadd" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ta") && $command ne "t") { # check 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'?
-			printf "timeadd <account_name> <modifier>\n";
-			printf "  Adds or substracts time from the validity limit of an account.\n";
-			printf "  Modifier is done as follows:\n";
-			printf "    Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			printf "    Modified element:\n";
-			printf "      a or y: year\n";
-			printf "      m:  month\n";
-			printf "      j or d: day\n";
-			printf "      h:  hour\n";
-			printf "      mn: minute\n";
-			printf "      s:  second\n";
-			printf "  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			printf "            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n";
-			printf "            and 6 years at the same time.\n";
-			printf "NOTE: You can not modify a unlimited validity limit.\n";
-			printf "      If you want modify it, you want probably create a limited validity limit.\n";
-			printf "      So, at first, you must set the validity limit to a date/time.\n";
-		} elsif (("timeset" =~ /^\Q$command/ || $command eq "ts") && $command ne "t") { # check 1 letter command: 'ta' or 'ts'?
-			printf "timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			printf "  Changes the validity limit of an account.\n";
-			printf "  Default time: 23:59:59\n";
-			printf "timeset <account_name> 0\n";
-			printf "  Gives an unlimited validity limit (0 = unlimited).\n";
-		} elsif ($command eq "unban" || ("unbanish" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4)) {
-			printf "unban/unbanish <account name>\n";
-			printf "  Remove the banishment of an account.\n";
-			printf "  This command works like banset <account_name> 0.\n";
-		} elsif ("unblock" =~ /^\Q$command/ && length($command) >= 4) {
-			printf "unblock <account name>\n";
-			printf "  Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account.\n";
-			printf "  This command works like state <account_name> 0.\n";
-		} elsif ("version" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "version\n";
-			printf "  Display the version of the login-server.\n";
-		} elsif ("who" =~ /^\Q$command/) {
-			printf "who <account_name>\n";
-			printf "  Displays complete information of an account.\n";
-		} elsif ("quit" =~ /^\Q$command/ ||
-		         (("end" =~ /^\Q$command/ || "exit" =~ /^\Q$command/) && $command ne "e")) { # check 1 letter command: 'email', 'end' or 'exit'?\n";
-			printf "quit/end/exit\n";
-			printf "  End of the program of administration.\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($receivedcommand ne "") {
-				printf "Unknown command [%s] for help. Displaying of all commands.\n", $receivedcommand;
-			}
-			print << "ENDOFHELP";
- aide/help/?                          -- Display this help
- aide/help/? [command]                -- Display the help of the command
- add <account_name> <sex> <password>  -- Create an account with default email
- ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account_name> -- Change final date of a ban
- banadd/ba <account_name> <modifier>  -- Add or substract time from the final
-   example: ba apple +1m-2mn1s-2y        date of a banishment of an account
- banset/bs <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss] -- Change final date of a ban
- banset/bs <account_name> 0           -- Un-banish an account
- block <account name>    -- Set state 5 (blocked by the GM Team) to an account
- check <account_name> <password>      -- Check the validity of a password
- create <account_name> <sex> <email> <passwrd> -- Create an account with email
- del <account_name>                   -- Remove an account
- email <account_name> <email>         -- Modify an email of an account
- getcount                             -- Give the number of players online
- gm <account_name> [GM_level]         -- Modify the GM level of an account
- id <account_name>                    -- Give the id of an account
- info <account_id>                    -- Display all information of an account
- kami <message>                       -- Sends a broadcast message (in yellow)
- kamib <message>                      -- Sends a broadcast message (in blue)
- language <language>                  -- Change the language of displaying.
- list/ls [First_id [Last_id]]         -- Display a list of accounts
- listBan/lsBan [First_id [Last_id]]   -- Display a list of accounts
-                                         with state or banished
- listGM/lsGM [First_id [Last_id]]     -- Display a list of GM accounts
- listOK/lsOK [First_id [Last_id]]     -- Display a list of accounts
-                                         without state and not banished
- memo <account_name> <memo>           -- Modify the memo of an account
- name <account_id>                    -- Give the name of an account
- passwd <account_name> <new_password> -- Change the password of an account
- quit/end/exit                        -- End of the program of administation
- reloadGM                             -- Reload GM configuration file
- search <expression>                  -- Seek accounts
- search -e/-r/--expr/--regex <expressn> -- Seek accounts by regular-expression
- sex <nomcompte> <sexe>               -- Modify the sex of an account
- state <account_name> <new_state> <error_message_#7> -- Change the state
- timeadd/ta <account_name> <modifier> -- Add or substract time from the
-   example: ta apple +1m-2mn1s-2y        validity limit of an account
- timeset/ts <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss] -- Change the validify limit
- timeset/ts <account_name> 0         -- Give a unlimited validity limit
- unban/unbanish <account name>       -- Remove the banishment of an account
- unblock <account name>              -- Set state 0 (Account ok) to an account
- version                             -- Gives the version of the login-server
- who <account_name>                  -- Display all information of an account
-ENDOFHELP
-			printf(" Note: To use spaces in an account name, type \"<account name>\" (or ').\n");
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Displaying of the accounts list
-sub listaccount() {
-	my($st, $ed, $listflag) = @_;
-	my($i);
-	my($n) = (0);
-	#      0123456789 01 01234567890123456789012301234 012345 0123456789012345678901234567
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print " id_compte GM nom_utilisateur         sexe   count statut\n";
-	} else {
-		print "account_id GM user_name               sex    count state\n";
-	}
-	print "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
-	while(1) {
-		print $so pack("vV2", 0x7920, $st, $ed);
-		$so->flush();
-		$buf = readso(4);
-		if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7921) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-			}
-			exit(10);
-		}
-		my($len) = unpack("x2v", $buf);
-		last if ($len <= 4);
-		for($i = 4; $i < $len; $i += 38) {
-			my(@dat) = unpack("VCa24cVV", readso(38));
-			$st = $dat[0] + 1;
-			if ($listflag == 0 ||
-			    ($listflag == 1 && $dat[1] > 0) || # check GM flag
-			    ($listflag == 3 && $dat[5] != 0) || # check with state or banished
-			    ($listflag == 4 && $dat[5] == 0)) { # check without state and not banished
-				printf "%10d %2s %-24s%-5s %6d %-27s\n", $dat[0],
-				        ($dat[1] == 0 ? "  " : $dat[1]),
-				        $dat[2],
-				        ($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? ("Femme","Male","Servr")[$dat[3]] : ("Femal","Male","Servr")[$dat[3]]),
-				        $dat[4],
-				        (($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? "Compte Ok" : "Account OK"),
-				         "Unregistered ID",
-				         "Incorrect Password",
-				         "This ID is expired",
-				         "Rejected from Server",
-				         "Blocked by the GM Team", # You have been blocked by the GM Team
-				         "Your EXE file is too old", # Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
-				         "Banishement or\n                                                   Prohibited to login until %s", # You are Prohibited to log in until %s
-				         "Server is over populated", # Server is jammed due to over populated
-				         "No MSG",
-				         "This ID is totally erased")[$dat[5] == 100 ? 10 : $dat[5]]; # This ID has been totally erased
-				$n++;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		if ($n == 0) {
-			print "Aucun compte trouvé.\n";
-		} elsif ($n == 1) {
-			print "1 compte trouvé.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "$n comptes trouvés.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($n == 0) {
-			print "No account found.\n";
-		} elsif ($n == 1) {
-			print "1 account found.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "$n accounts found.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: add an account with the default e-mail
-sub addaccount() {
-	my($userid, $sex, $passwd) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "" || !defined($userid)) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> add nomtest Male motdepassetest\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> add testname Male testpass\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-#	if ($userid =~ /[^A-Za-z0-9\@-_]/) {
-#		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-#			print "Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		} else {
-#			print "Illegal character found in the account name ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		}
-#		return 101;
-#	}
-	$sex = uc(substr($sex, 0, 1));
-	if ($sex !~ /^[MF]$/) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Sexe incorrect [$sex]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Illegal gender [$sex]. Please input M or F.\n";
-		}
-		return 103;
-	}
-	if ($passwd eq "") {
-		return 108 if (($passwd = typepasswd()) eq "");
-	}
-	if (verify_password($passwd) == 0) {
-		return 104;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24a24a1a40", 0x7930, $userid, $passwd, $sex, "");
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7931) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 106;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	if (unpack("V", $buf) == -1 || unpack("V", $buf) == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec à la création du compte [$userid]. Un compte identique existe déjà.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] creation failed. Same account already exists.\n";
-		}
-		return 107;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			printf "Compte [$userid] créé avec succès [id: %d].\n", unpack("V",$buf);
-		} else {
-			printf "Account [$userid] is successfully created [id: %d].\n", unpack("V",$buf);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: add an account with an e-mail
-sub createaccount() {
-	my($userid, $sex, $email, $passwd) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> create nomtest Male mon\@email.com motdepassetest\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> create testname Male my\@mail.com testpass\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-#	if ($userid =~ /[^A-Za-z0-9\@-_]/) {
-#		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-#			print "Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		} else {
-#			print "Illegal character found in the account name ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		}
-#		return 101;
-#	}
-	$sex = uc(substr($sex, 0, 1));
-	if ($sex !~ /^[MF]$/) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Sexe incorrect [$sex]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Illegal gender [$sex]. Please input M or F.\n";
-		}
-		return 103;
-	}
-	if (length($email) < 3) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Email trop courte [$email]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Email is too short [$email]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n";
-		}
-		return 109;
-	}
-	if (length($email) > 39) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Email trop longue [$email]. Entrez une e-mail de 39 caractères maximum svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Email is too long [$email]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n";
-		}
-		return 109;
-	}
-	if (verify_email($email) == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Email incorrecte [$email]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Invalid email [$email]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n";
-		}
-		return 109;
-	}
-	if ($passwd eq "") {
-		return 108 if (($passwd = typepasswd()) eq "");
-	}
-	if (verify_password($passwd) == 0) {
-		return 104;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24a24a1a40", 0x7930, $userid, $passwd, $sex, $email);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7931) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 106;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	if (unpack("V", $buf) == -1 || unpack("V", $buf) == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec à la création du compte [$userid]. Un compte identique existe déjà.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] creation failed. Same account already exists.\n";
-		}
-		return 107;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			printf "Compte [$userid] créé avec succès [id: %d].\n", unpack("V",$buf);
-		} else {
-			printf "Account [$userid] is successfully created [id: %d].\n", unpack("V",$buf);
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: deletion of an account
-sub delaccount() {
-	my($userid) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> del nomtestasupprimer\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> del testnametodelete\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print "** Etes-vous vraiment sûr de vouloir SUPPRIMER le compte [$userid]? (o/n) ";
-	} else {
-		print "** Are you really sure to DELETE account [$userid]? (y/n) ";
-	}
-	if (lc(substr(<STDIN>, 0, 1)) !~ /[oy]/) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Suppression annulée\n.";
-		} else {
-			print "Deletion canceled\n";
-		}
-		return 121;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24", 0x7932, $userid);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7933) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 122;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec de la suppression du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] deletion failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 123;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Compte [$name][id: $id2] SUPPRIME avec succès.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$name][id: $id2] is successfully DELETED.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: modification of a password
-sub changepasswd() {
-	my($userid, $passwd) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> passwd nomtest nouveaumotdepasse\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> passwd testname newpassword\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if ($passwd eq "") {
-		return 134 if (($passwd = typepasswd()) eq "");
-	}
-	if (verify_password($passwd) == 0) {
-		return 131;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24a24", 0x7934, $userid,$passwd);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7935) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 132;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec de la modification du mot de passe du compte [$userid].\n";
-			print "Le compte [$userid] n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] password changing failed.\n";
-			print "Account [$userid] doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 133;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Modification du mot de passe du compte [$name][id: $id2] réussie.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$name][id: $id2] password successfully changed.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 130;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: modification of an account e-mail
-sub changeemail() {
-	my($userid, $email) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> email testname nouveauemail\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> email testname newemail\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if (length($email) < 3) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Email trop courte [$email]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Email is too short [$email]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n";
-		}
-		return 109;
-	}
-	if (length($email) > 39) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Email trop longue [$email]. Entrez une e-mail de 39 caractères maximum svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Email is too long [$email]. Please input an e-mail with 39 bytes at the most.\n";
-		}
-		return 109;
-	}
-	if (verify_email($email) == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Email incorrect [$email]. Entrez une e-mail valide svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Invalid email [$email]. Please input a valid e-mail.\n";
-		}
-		return 109;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24a40", 0x7940, $userid, $email);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7941) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 162;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec de la modification de l'e-mail du compte [$userid].\n";
-			print "Le compte [$userid] n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] e-mail changing failed.\n";
-			print "Account [$userid] doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 133;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Modification de l'e-mail du compte [$name][id: $id2] réussie.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$name][id: $id2] e-mail successfully changed.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 160;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: search of accounts
-sub searchaccount() {
-	my($p1, $p2) = @_;
-	my($exp) = ("");
-	if ($p1 eq "-e" || $p1 eq "-r" || $p1 eq "--regex" || $p1 eq "--expr") {
-		if ($p2 eq "") {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez une expression régulière ou utilisez 'ls' pour avoir tous les comptes.\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Input a regular expression or use 'ls' to obtain all accounts.\n";
-			}
-			return 141;
-		}
-		$exp = $p2;
-	} else {
-		if ($p1 eq "") {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez une chaîne ou utilisez 'ls' pour avoir tous les comptes.\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Input a string or use 'ls' to obtain all accounts.\n";
-			}
-			return 141;
-		}
-		my($c) = 0;
-		$exp = lc($p1);
-		$exp =~ s/([\@])/\\$1/g;
-		$c += $exp =~ s/([\-\[\]])/\\$1/g;
-		$c += $exp =~ s/([\*\?])/.$1/g;
-		$c += $exp =~ s/\\\[(.)\\\-(.)\\\]/[$1-$2]/g;
-		$exp = "^$exp\$" if $c;
-	}
-	if (eval{ "" =~ /$exp/; }, $@) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Expression régulière non reconnue.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Regular-Expression compiling failed.\n";
-		}
-		return 141;
-	}
-	my($i);
-	my($n, $st) = (0, 0);
-	#      0123456789 01 01234567890123456789012301234 012345 0123456789012345678901234567
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print " id_compte GM nom_utilisateur         sexe   count statut\n";
-	} else {
-		print "account_id GM user_name               sex    count state\n";
-	}
-	print "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
-	while(1) {
-		print $so pack("vV2", 0x7920, $st, 0);
-		$so->flush();
-		$buf = readso(4);
-		if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7921) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-			}
-			exit(10);
-		}
-		my($len) = unpack("x2v", $buf);
-		last if ($len <= 4);
-		for($i = 4; $i < $len; $i += 38) {
-			my(@dat) = unpack("VCa24cVV", readso(38));
-			$st = $dat[0] + 1;
-			next if (lc($dat[2]) !~ /$exp/);
-			printf "%10d %2s %-24s%-5s %6d %-27s\n", $dat[0],
-			        ($dat[1] == 0 ? "  " : $dat[1]),
-			        $dat[2],
-			        ($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? ("Femme","Male","Servr")[$dat[3]] : ("Femal","Male","Servr")[$dat[3]]),
-			        $dat[4],
-			        (($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? "Compte Ok" : "Account OK"),
-			         "Unregistered ID",
-			         "Incorrect Password",
-			         "This ID is expired",
-			         "Rejected from Server",
-			         "Blocked by the GM Team", # You have been blocked by the GM Team
-			         "Your EXE file is too old", # Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version
-			         "Banishement or\n                                                   Prohibited to login until %s", # You are Prohibited to log in until %s
-			         "Server is over populated", # Server is jammed due to over populated
-			         "No MSG",
-			         "This ID is totally erased")[$dat[5] == 100 ? 10 : $dat[5]]; # This ID has been totally erased
-			$n++;
-		}
-	}
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		if ($n == 0) {
-			print "Aucun compte trouvé.\n";
-		} elsif ($n == 1) {
-			print "1 compte trouvé.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "$n comptes trouvés.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($n == 0) {
-			print "No account found.\n";
-		} elsif ($n == 1) {
-			print "1 account found.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "$n accounts found.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: modify the sex of an account
-sub changesex() {
-	my($userid, $sex) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "" || !defined($userid)) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> sex nomtest Male\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> sex testname Male\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-#	if ($userid =~ /[^A-Za-z0-9\@-_]/) {
-#		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-#			print "Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		} else {
-#			print "Illegal character found in the account name ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		}
-#		return 101;
-#	}
-	$sex = uc(substr($sex, 0, 1));
-	if ($sex !~ /^[MF]$/) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Sexe incorrect [$sex]. Entrez M ou F svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Illegal gender [$sex]. Please input M or F.\n";
-		}
-		return 103;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24a1", 0x793c, $userid, $sex);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x793d) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement du sexe du compte [$userid].\n";
-			print "Le compte n'existe pas ou le sexe est déjà celui demandé.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] sex changing failed.\n";
-			print "Account doesn't exist or the sex is already the good sex.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Sexe du compte [$name][id: $id2] changé avec succès.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$name][id: $id2] sex successfully changed.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: modify the GM level of an account
-sub changegmlevel() {
-	my($userid, $gm_level) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "" || !defined($userid)) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> gm nomtest 80\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> gm testname 80\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-#	if ($userid =~ /[^A-Za-z0-9\@-_]/) {
-#		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-#			print "Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		} else {
-#			print "Illegal character found in the account name ".$`."[${&}]${'}\n";
-#		}
-#		return 101;
-#	}
-	$gm_level = int($gm_level);
-	if ($gm_level < 0 || $gm_level > 99) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Niveau de GM incorrect [$gm_level]. Entrez une valeur de 0 à 99 svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Illegal GM level [$gm_level]. Please input a value from 0 to 99.\n";
-		}
-		return 103;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24C", 0x793e, $userid, $gm_level);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x793f) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement du niveau de GM du compte [$userid].\n";
-			print "Le compte n'existe pas, le niveau de GM est déjà celui demandé,\n";
-			print "ou il est impossible de modifier le fichier des comptes GM.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] GM level changing failed.\n";
-			print "Account doesn't exist, the GM level is already the good GM level,\n";
-			print "or it's impossible to modify the GM accounts file.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Niveau de GM du compte [$name][id: $id2] changé avec succès.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$name][id: $id2] GM level successfully changed.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Modification of a state
-sub changestate {
-	my($userid, $s, $error_message) = @_;
-	# Valid values: 0: ok, or value of the 0x006a packet + 1
-	if ($s eq "" || (($s < 0 || $s > 9) && $s != 100)) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez une des valeurs suivantes svp:\n";
-			print "  0 = Compte ok             6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input one of these values:\n";
-			print "  0 = Account ok            6 = Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version\n";
-		}
-		print "  1 = Unregistered ID       7 = You are Prohibited to log in until %s\n";
-		print "  2 = Incorrect Password    8 = Server is jammed due to over populated\n";
-		print "  3 = This ID is expired    9 = No MSG\n";
-		print "  4 = Rejected from Server  100 = This ID has been totally erased\n";
-		print "  5 = You have been blocked by the GM Team\n";
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "<exemples> state nomtest 5\n";
-			print "           state nomtest 7 fin de votre ban\n";
-			print "           block <nom du compte>\n";
-			print "           unblock <nom du compte>\n";
-		} else {
-			print "<examples> state testname 5\n";
-			print "           state testname 7 end of your ban\n";
-			print "           block <account name>\n";
-			print "           unblock <account name>\n";
-		}
-		return 151;
-	}
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemples> state nomtest 5\n";
-			print "           state nomtest 7 fin de votre ban\n";
-			print "           block <nom du compte>\n";
-			print "           unblock <nom du compte>\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<examples> state testname 5\n";
-			print "           state testname 7 end of your ban\n";
-			print "           block <account name>\n";
-			print "           unblock <account name>\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if ($s != 7) {
-		$error_message = "-";
-	} else {
-		if (length($error_message) < 1) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Message d'erreur trop court. Entrez un message de 1-19 caractères.\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Error message is too short. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if (length($error_message) > 19) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Message d'erreur trop long. Entrez un message de 1-19 caractères.\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Error message is too long. Please input a message of 1-19 bytes.\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24Va20", 0x7936, $userid, $s, $error_message);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7937) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(32);
-	my(@dat) = unpack("Va24V", $buf);
-	while (length($dat[1]) > 0 && substr($dat[1], length($dat[1])-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($dat[1]);
-	};
-	if ($dat[0] != -1 && $dat[0] != 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Statut du compte [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] changé avec succès en [";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] state successfully changed in [";
-		}
-		print ((($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? "Compte Ok" : "Account OK"),
-		  "Unregistered ID",
-		  "Incorrect Password",
-		  "This ID is expired",
-		  "Rejected from Server",
-		  "You have been blocked by the GM Team",
-		  "Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version",
-		  "You are Prohibited to log in until %s",
-		  "Server is jammed due to over populated",
-		  "No MSG",
-		  "This ID has been totally erased")[$dat[2] == 100 ? 10 : $dat[2]]);
-		print "].\n";
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement du statut du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] state changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Displaying of the number of online players
-sub getlogincount {
-	# Request to the login-server
-	print $so pack("v", 0x7938);
-	$so->flush();
-
-	$buf = readso(4);
-	# Connection failed
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7939) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		exit(3);
-	}
-
-	# Get length of the received packet
-	my($len) = unpack("x2v", $buf) - 4;
-
-	# Read information of the servers
-	if ($len < 1) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			printf "  Aucun serveur n'est connecté au login serveur.\n";
-		} else {
-			printf "  No server is connected to the login-server.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		my(@slist) = ();
-		for(; $len > 0; $len -= 32) {
-			my($name, $count) = unpack("x6 a20 V", readso(32));
-			$name = substr($name, 0, index($name, "\0"));
-			push @slist, [ $name, $count ];
-		}
-		# Displaying of result
-		my($i);
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			printf "  Nombre de joueurs en ligne (serveur: nb):\n";
-		} else {
-			printf "  Number of online players (server: number).\n";
-		}
-		foreach $i(@slist) {
-			printf "    %-20s : %5d\n", $i->[0], $i->[1];
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Modification of a memo field
-sub changememo {
-	my($userid, $memo) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> memo nomtest nouveau memo\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> memo testname new memo\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if (length($memo) > 254) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Mémo trop long (".length($memo)." caractères).\n";
-			print "Entrez un mémo de 254 caractères maximum svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Memo is too long (".length($memo)." characters).\n";
-			print "Please input a memo of 254 bytes at the maximum.\n";
-		}
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if (length($memo) == 0) {
-		print $so pack("va24v", 0x7942, $userid, 0);
-	} else {
-		print $so pack("va24va".length($memo), 0x7942, $userid, length($memo), $memo);
-	}
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7943) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement du mémo du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] memo changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Mémo du compte [$name][id: $id2] changé avec succès.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$name][id: $id2] memo successfully changed.\n";
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Request to obtain an account id
-sub idaccount() {
-	my($userid) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> id nomtest\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> id testname\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24", 0x7944, $userid);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7945) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 122;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Impossible de trouver l'id du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Unabled to find the account [$userid] id. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 123;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Le compte [$name] a pour id: $id2.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "The account [$name] have the id: $id2.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Request to obtain an account name
-sub nameaccount() {
-	my($id) = @_;
-	if ($id < 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un id ayant une valeur positive svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input a positive value for the id.\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	print $so pack("vV", 0x7946, $id);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7947) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 122;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if (length($name) == 0 || $name eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Impossible de trouver le nom du compte [id: $id2]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Unabled to find the account [id: $id2] name. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 123;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Le compte [id: $id2] a pour nom: $name.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "The account [id: $id2] have the name: $name.\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Set a validity limit of an account
-sub timesetaccount() {
-	my($userid, $date, $time) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple>: timeset <nom_du_compte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			print "           timeset <nom_du_compte> 0    (0 = illimité)\n";
-			printf "          Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example>: timeset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			print "           timeset <account_name> 0   (0 = unlimited)\n";
-			printf "          Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	my($year, $month, $day) = split(/[.\-\/]/, $date);
-	my($hour, $minute, $second) = split(/:/, $time);
-	if ($time eq "") {
-		$hour = 23;
-		$minute = 59;
-		$second = 59;
-	}
-	my($timestamp);
-	if ($year eq "" ||
-	    ($year != 0 && ($month eq "" || $day eq "" || $hour eq "" || $minute eq "" || $second eq ""))) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez 0 ou une date et une heure svp (format: 0 ou aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n";
-		}
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if ($year == 0) {
-		$timestamp = 0;
-	} else {
-		if ($year < 70) {
-			$year = $year + 100;
-		}
-		if ($year >= 1900) {
-			$year = $year - 1900;
-		}
-		if ($month < 1 || $month > 12) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez un mois correct svp (entre 1 et 12).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the month (from 1 to 12).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		$month = $month - 1;
-		if ($day < 1 || $day > 31) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez un jour correct svp (entre 1 et 31).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the day (from 1 to 31).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ((($month == 3 || $month == 5 || $month == 8 || $month == 10) && $day > 30) ||
-		    ($month == 1 && $day > 29)) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez un jour correct en fonction du mois svp.\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for a day of this month.\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ($hour < 0 || $hour > 23) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez une heure correcte svp (entre 0 et 23).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the hour (from 0 to 23).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ($minute < 0 || $minute > 59) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez des minutes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the minutes (from 0 to 59).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ($second < 0 || $second > 59) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez des secondes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the seconds (from 0 to 59).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		$timestamp = POSIX::mktime($second, $minute, $hour, $day, $month, $year, 0, 0, -1); # -1: no winter/summer time modification
-		if ($timestamp == undef) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Date incorrecte.\n";
-				print "Ajoutez 0 ou une date et une heure svp (format: 0 ou aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Invalid date.\n";
-				print "Please add 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("va24V", 0x7948, $userid, $timestamp);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7949) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(32);
-	my(@dat) = unpack("Va24V", $buf);
-	while (length($dat[1]) > 0 && substr($dat[1], length($dat[1])-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($dat[1]);
-	};
-	if ($dat[0] != -1 && $dat[0] != 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Limite de validité du compte [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] changée avec succès ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "en [illimité].\n" : "pour être jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		} else {
-			print "Validity Limit of the account [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] successfully changed ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "to [unlimited].\n" : "to be until ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		}
-		# localtime($dat[2]) is also possible to display instead of POSIX::ctime.
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement de la validité du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Add/substract time to the validity limit of an account
-sub timeaddaccount() {
-	my($userid, $modif) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "  <exemple> timeadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            and 6 years at the same time.\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	my($year, $month, $day) = (0, 0 ,0);
-	my($hour, $minute, $second) = (0, 0 ,0);
-
-	$modif = lc($modif);
-	while (length($modif) > 0) {
-		my($value) = int($modif);
-		if ($value == 0) {
-			$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-		} else {
-			if (substr($modif, 0, 1) =~ /[\-\+]/) {
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			}
-			while (length($modif) > 0 && substr($modif, 0, 1) =~ /[0-9]/) {
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			}
-			if (index($modif, "s") == 0) {
-				$second = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "mn") == 0) {
-				$minute = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 2);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "h") == 0) {
-				$hour = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "d") == 0 || index($modif, "j") == 0) {
-				$day = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "m") == 0) {
-				$month = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "y") == 0 || index($modif, "a") == 0) {
-				$year = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} else {
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print " année:   $year\n";
-		print " mois:    $month\n";
-		print " jour:    $day\n";
-		print " heure:   $hour\n";
-		print " minute:  $minute\n";
-		print " seconde: $second\n";
-	} else {
-		print " year:   $year\n";
-		print " month:  $month\n";
-		print " day:    $day\n";
-		print " hour:   $hour\n";
-		print " minute: $minute\n";
-		print " second: $second\n";
-	}
-
-	if ($year == 0 && $month == 0 && $day == 0 && $hour == 0 && $minute == 0 && $second == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Vous devez entrer un ajustement avec cette commande, svp:\n";
-			print "  Valeur d'ajustement (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			print "  Element modifié:\n";
-			print "    a ou y: année\n";
-			print "    m:      mois\n";
-			print "    j ou d: jour\n";
-			print "    h:      heure\n";
-			print "    mn:     minute\n";
-			print "    s:      seconde\n";
-			print "  <exemple> timeadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give an adjustment with this command:\n";
-			print "  Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			print "  Modified element:\n";
-			print "    a or y: year\n";
-			print "    m:      month\n";
-			print "    j or d: day\n";
-			print "    h:       hour\n";
-			print "    mn:      minute\n";
-			print "    s:       second\n";
-			print "  <example> timeadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            and 6 years at the same time.\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($year > 127 || $year < -127) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement d'années correct (de -127 à 127), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the years (from -127 to 127).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($month > 255 || $month < -255) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de mois correct (de -255 à 255), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the months (from -255 to 255).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($day > 32767 || $day < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de jours correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the days (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($hour > 32767 || $hour < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement d'heures correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the hours (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($minute > 32767 || $minute < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de minutes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the minutes (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($second > 32767 || $second < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de secondes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the seconds (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("va24vvvvvv", 0x7950, $userid, $year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7951) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(32);
-	my(@dat) = unpack("Va24V", $buf);
-	while (length($dat[1]) > 0 && substr($dat[1], length($dat[1])-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($dat[1]);
-	};
-	if ($dat[0] == -1 || $dat[0] == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement de la validité du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] validity limit changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-	} elsif ($dat[2] == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Limite de validité du compte [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] inchangée.\n";
-			print "Le compte a une validité illimitée ou\n";
-			print "la modification est impossible avec les ajustements demandés.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Validity limit of the account [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] unchanged.\n";
-			print "The account have an unlimited validity limit or\n";
-			print "the changing is impossible with the proposed adjustments.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Limite de validité du compte [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] changée avec succès ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "en [illimité].\n" : "pour être jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		} else {
-			print "Validity limit of the account [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] successfully changed ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "to [unlimited].\n" : "to be until ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		}
-		# localtime($dat[2]) is also possible to display instead of POSIX::ctime.
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Set the final date of a banishment of an account
-sub bansetaccount() {
-	my($userid, $date, $time) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple>: banset <nom_du_compte> aaaa/mm/jj [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			print "           banset <nom_du_compte> 0    (0 = dé-bani)\n";
-			print "           ban/banish aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss <nom du compte>\n";
-			print "           unban/unbanish <nom du compte>\n";
-			printf "          Heure par défaut [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example>: banset <account_name> yyyy/mm/dd [hh:mm:ss]\n";
-			print "           banset <account_name> 0   (0 = un-banished)\n";
-			print "           ban/banish yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss <account name>\n";
-			print "           unban/unbanish <account name>\n";
-			printf "          Default time [hh:mm:ss]: 23:59:59\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	my($year, $month, $day) = split(/[.\-\/]/, $date);
-	my($hour, $minute, $second) = split(/:/, $time);
-	if ($time eq "") {
-		$hour = 23;
-		$minute = 59;
-		$second = 59;
-	}
-	my($timestamp);
-	if ($year eq "" ||
-	    ($year != 0 && ($month eq "" || $day eq "" || $hour eq "" || $minute eq "" || $second eq ""))) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez 0 ou une date et une heure svp (format: 0 ou aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n";
-		}
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if ($year == 0) {
-		$timestamp = 0;
-	} else {
-		if ($year < 70) {
-			$year = $year + 100;
-		}
-		if ($year >= 1900) {
-			$year = $year - 1900;
-		}
-		if ($month < 1 || $month > 12) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez un mois correct svp (entre 1 et 12).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the month (from 1 to 12).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		$month = $month - 1;
-		if ($day < 1 || $day > 31) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez un jour correct svp (entre 1 et 31).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the day (from 1 to 31).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ((($month == 3 || $month == 5 || $month == 8 || $month == 10) && $day > 30) ||
-		    ($month == 1 && $day > 29)) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez un jour correct en fonction du mois svp.\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for a day of this month.\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ($hour < 0 || $hour > 23) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez une heure correcte svp (entre 0 et 23).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the hour (from 0 to 23).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ($minute < 0 || $minute > 59) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez des minutes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the minutes (from 0 to 59).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		if ($second < 0 || $second > 59) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Entrez des secondes correctes svp (entre 0 et 59).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Please give a correct value for the seconds (from 0 to 59).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-		$timestamp = POSIX::mktime($second, $minute, $hour, $day, $month, $year, 0, 0, -1); # -1: no winter/summer time modification
-		if ($timestamp == undef) {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print "Date incorrecte.\n";
-				print "Ajoutez 0 ou une date et une heure svp (format: 0 ou aaaa/mm/jj hh:mm:ss).\n";
-			} else {
-				print "Invalid date.\n";
-				print "Please add 0 or a date and a time (format: 0 or yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss).\n";
-			}
-			return 102;
-		}
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("va24V", 0x794a, $userid, $timestamp);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x794b) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(32);
-	my(@dat) = unpack("Va24V", $buf);
-	while (length($dat[1]) > 0 && substr($dat[1], length($dat[1])-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($dat[1]);
-	};
-	if ($dat[0] != -1 && $dat[0] != 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Date finale de banissement du compte [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] changée avec succès ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "en [dé-bannie].\n" : "pour être jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		} else {
-			print "Final date of banishment of the account [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] successfully changed ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "to [unbanished].\n" : "to be until ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		}
-		# localtime($dat[2]) is also possible to display instead of POSIX::ctime.
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement de la date finale de banissement du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Add/substract time to the final date of a banishment of an account
-sub banaddaccount() {
-	my($userid, $modif) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "  <exemple> banadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            and 6 years at the same time.\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	my($year, $month, $day) = (0, 0 ,0);
-	my($hour, $minute, $second) = (0, 0 ,0);
-
-	$modif = lc($modif);
-	while (length($modif) > 0) {
-		my($value) = int($modif);
-		if ($value == 0) {
-			$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-		} else {
-			if (substr($modif, 0, 1) =~ /[\-\+]/) {
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			}
-			while (length($modif) > 0 && substr($modif, 0, 1) =~ /[0-9]/) {
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			}
-			if (index($modif, "s") == 0) {
-				$second = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "mn") == 0) {
-				$minute = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 2);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "h") == 0) {
-				$hour = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "d") == 0 || index($modif, "j") == 0) {
-				$day = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "m") == 0) {
-				$month = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} elsif (index($modif, "y") == 0 || index($modif, "a") == 0) {
-				$year = $value;
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			} else {
-				$modif = substr($modif, 1);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print " année:   $year\n";
-		print " mois:    $month\n";
-		print " jour:    $day\n";
-		print " heure:   $hour\n";
-		print " minute:  $minute\n";
-		print " seconde: $second\n";
-	} else {
-		print " year:   $year\n";
-		print " month:  $month\n";
-		print " day:    $day\n";
-		print " hour:   $hour\n";
-		print " minute: $minute\n";
-		print " second: $second\n";
-	}
-
-	if ($year == 0 && $month == 0 && $day == 0 && $hour == 0 && $minute == 0 && $second == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Vous devez entrer un ajustement avec cette commande, svp:\n";
-			print "  Valeur d'ajustement (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			print "  Element modifié:\n";
-			print "    a ou y: année\n";
-			print "    m:      mois\n";
-			print "    j ou d: jour\n";
-			print "    h:      heure\n";
-			print "    mn:     minute\n";
-			print "    s:      seconde\n";
-			print "  <exemple> banadd nomtest +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            Cette exemple ajoute 1 mois et 1 seconde, et soustrait 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            et 6 ans dans le même temps.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give an adjustment with this command:\n";
-			print "  Adjustment value (-1, 1, +1, etc...)\n";
-			print "  Modified element:\n";
-			print "    a or y: year\n";
-			print "    m: month\n";
-			print "    j or d: day\n";
-			print "    h: hour\n";
-			print "    mn: minute\n";
-			print "    s: second\n";
-			print "  <example> banadd testname +1m-2mn1s-6y\n";
-			print "            this example adds 1 month and 1 second, and substracts 2 minutes\n";
-			print "            and 6 years at the same time.\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($year > 127 || $year < -127) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement d'années correct (de -127 à 127), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the years (from -127 to 127).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($month > 255 || $month < -255) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de mois correct (de -255 à 255), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the months (from -255 to 255).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($day > 32767 || $day < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de jours correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the days (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($hour > 32767 || $hour < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement d'heures correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the hours (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($minute > 32767 || $minute < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de minutes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the minutes (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-	if ($second > 32767 || $second < -32767) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un ajustement de secondes correct (de -32767 à 32767), svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please give a correct adjustment for the seconds (from -32767 to 32767).\n";
-		}
-		return 137;
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("va24vvvvvv", 0x794c, $userid, $year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x794d) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(32);
-	my(@dat) = unpack("Va24V", $buf);
-	while (length($dat[1]) > 0 && substr($dat[1], length($dat[1])-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($dat[1]);
-	};
-	if ($dat[0] == -1 || $dat[0] == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec du changement de la date finale de banissement du compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account [$userid] final date of banishment changing failed. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Date finale de banissement du compte [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] changée avec succès ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "en [dé-bannie].\n" : "pour être jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		} else {
-			print "Final date of banishment of the account [$dat[1]][id: $dat[0]] successfully changed ".
-			($dat[2] == 0 ? "to [unbanished].\n" : "to be until ".(POSIX::ctime($dat[2])));
-		}
-		# localtime($dat[2]) is also possible to display instead of POSIX::ctime.
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Request to displaying information about an account (by its name)
-sub whoaccount() {
-	my($userid) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> who nomtest\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> who testname\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("va24", 0x7952, $userid);
-	$so->flush();
-
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7953) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 122;
-	}
-	my($id2, $GM_level, $name, $sex, $count, $status, $error_message, $last_login, $last_ip, $email, $validite, $ban_date, $memo_size) = unpack("VCa24cVVa20a24a16a40VVv", readso(148));
-	my($memo) = "";
-	if ($memo_size > 0) {
-		$memo = unpack("a".$memo_size, readso($memo_size));
-	}
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	while (length($error_message) > 0 && substr($error_message, length($error_message)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($error_message);
-	};
-	while (length($last_login) > 0 && substr($last_login, length($last_login)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($last_login);
-	};
-	while (length($last_ip) > 0 && substr($last_ip, length($last_ip)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($last_ip);
-	};
-	while (length($email) > 0 && substr($email, length($email)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($email);
-	};
-	while (length($memo) > 0 && substr($memo, length($memo)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($memo);
-	};
-
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Impossible de trouver le compte [$userid]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Unabled to find the account [$userid]. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 123;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Le compte [$userid] a les caractéristiques suivantes:\n";
-		} else {
-			print "The account [$userid] is set with:\n";
-		}
-		if ($GM_level == 0) {
-			print " Id:     $id2 (non-GM)\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print " Id:     $id2 (GM niveau $GM_level)\n";
-			} else {
-				print " Id:     $id2 (GM level $GM_level)\n";
-			}
-		}
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print " Nom:    '$name'\n";
-			print " Sexe:   ".("Femme", "Male", "Serveur")[$sex]."\n";
-		} else {
-			print " Name:   '$name'\n";
-			print " Sex:    ".("Female", "Male", "Server")[$sex]."\n";
-		}
-		print " E-mail: $email\n";
-		if ($status == 7) {
-			print " Statut: 7 [You are Prohibited to log in until $error_message]\n";
-		} else {
-			print " Statut: $status [".(
-			      ($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? "Compte Ok" : "Account OK"),
-			      "Unregistered ID",
-			      "Incorrect Password",
-			      "This ID is expired",
-			      "Rejected from Server",
-			      "You have been blocked by the GM Team",
-			      "Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version",
-			      "You are Prohibited to log in until %s",
-			      "Server is jammed due to over populated",
-			      "No MSG",
-			      "This ID is totally erased")[$status == 100 ? 10 : $status]."]\n";
-		}
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print " Banissement: ".($ban_date == 0 ? "non banni.\n" : "jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($ban_date)));
-			print " Compteur: $count connexion".("s", "")[$count > 1 ? 0 : 1]."\n";
-			print " Dernière connexion le: $last_login (ip: $last_ip)\n";
-			print " Limite de validité: ".($validite == 0 ? "illimité.\n" : "jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($validite)));
-		} else {
-			print " Banishment: ".($ban_date == 0 ? "not banished.\n" : "until ".(POSIX::ctime($ban_date)));
-			print " Count: $count connection".("s", "")[$count > 1 ? 0 : 1]."\n";
-			print " Last connection at: $last_login (ip: $last_ip)\n";
-			print " Validity limit: ".($validite == 0 ? "unlimited.\n" : "until ".(POSIX::ctime($validite)));
-		}
-		print " Memo:   '$memo'\n";
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Request to displaying information about an account (by its id)
-sub infoaccount() {
-	my($id) = @_;
-	if ($id < 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un id ayant une valeur positive svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input a positive value for the id.\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("vV", 0x7954, $id);
-	$so->flush();
-
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x7953) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 122;
-	}
-	my($id2, $GM_level, $name, $sex, $count, $status, $error_message, $last_login, $last_ip, $email, $validite, $ban_date, $memo_size) = unpack("VCa24cVVa20a24a16a40VVv", readso(148));
-	my($memo) = "";
-	if ($memo_size > 0) {
-		$memo = unpack("a".$memo_size, readso($memo_size));
-	}
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	while (length($error_message) > 0 && substr($error_message, length($error_message)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($error_message);
-	};
-	while (length($last_login) > 0 && substr($last_login, length($last_login)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($last_login);
-	};
-	while (length($last_ip) > 0 && substr($last_ip, length($last_ip)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($last_ip);
-	};
-	while (length($email) > 0 && substr($email, length($email)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($email);
-	};
-	while (length($memo) > 0 && substr($memo, length($memo)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($memo);
-	};
-
-	if (length($name) == 0 || $name eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Impossible de trouver le nom du compte [id: $id2]. Le compte n'existe pas.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Unabled to find the account [id: $id2] name. Account doesn't exist.\n";
-		}
-		return 123;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Le compte [id: $id2] a les caractéristiques suivantes:\n";
-		} else {
-			print "The account [id: $id2] is set with:\n";
-		}
-		if ($GM_level == 0) {
-			print " Id:     $id2 (non-GM)\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-				print " Id:     $id2 (GM niveau $GM_level)\n";
-			} else {
-				print " Id:     $id2 (GM level $GM_level)\n";
-			}
-		}
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print " Nom:    '$name'\n";
-			print " Sexe:   ".("Femme", "Male", "Serveur")[$sex]."\n";
-		} else {
-			print " Name:   '$name'\n";
-			print " Sex:    ".("Female", "Male", "Server")[$sex]."\n";
-		}
-		print " E-mail: $email\n";
-		if ($status == 7) {
-			print " Statut: 7 [You are Prohibited to log in until $error_message]\n";
-		} else {
-			print " Statut: $status [".(
-			      ($defaultlanguage eq "F" ? "Compte Ok" : "Account OK"),
-			      "Unregistered ID",
-			      "Incorrect Password",
-			      "This ID is expired",
-			      "Rejected from Server",
-			      "You have been blocked by the GM Team",
-			      "Your Game's EXE file is not the latest version",
-			      "You are Prohibited to log in until %s",
-			      "Server is jammed due to over populated",
-			      "No MSG",
-			      "This ID is totally erased")[$status == 100 ? 10 : $status]."]\n";
-		}
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print " Banissement: ".($ban_date == 0 ? "non banni.\n" : "jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($ban_date)));
-			print " Compteur: $count connexion".("s", "")[$count > 1 ? 0 : 1]."\n";
-			print " Dernière connexion le: $last_login (ip: $last_ip)\n";
-			print " Limite de validité: ".($validite == 0 ? "illimité.\n" : "jusqu'au ".(POSIX::ctime($validite)));
-		} else {
-			print " Banishment: ".($ban_date == 0 ? "not banished.\n" : "until ".(POSIX::ctime($ban_date)));
-			print " Count: $count connection".("s", "")[$count > 1 ? 0 : 1]."\n";
-			print " Last connection at: $last_login (ip: $last_ip)\n";
-			print " Validity limit: ".($validite == 0 ? "unlimited.\n" : "until ".(POSIX::ctime($validite)));
-		}
-		print " Memo:   '$memo'\n";
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Check the validity of a password
-# (Note: never send back a password with login-server!! security of passwords)
-sub checkaccount() {
-	my($userid, $passwd) = @_;
-	if ($userid eq "") {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un nom de compte svp.\n";
-			print "<exemple> check testname motdepasse\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Please input an account name.\n";
-			print "<example> check testname password\n";
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-	if (verify_accountname($userid) == 0) {
-		return 102;
-	}
-	if ($passwd eq "") {
-		return 134 if (($passwd = typepasswd()) eq "");
-	}
-	if (verify_password($passwd) == 0) {
-		return 131;
-	}
-	print $so pack("va24a24", 0x793a, $userid,$passwd);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x793b) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 132;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(28);
-	my($id2, $name) = unpack("Va24", $buf);
-	while (length($name) > 0 && substr($name, length($name)-1, 1) eq chr(0)) {
-		chop($name);
-	};
-	if ($id2 == -1 || $id2 == 4294967295) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Le compte [$userid] n'existe pas ou le mot de passe est incorrect.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "The account [$userid] doesn't exist or the password is incorrect.\n";
-		}
-		return 133;
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Le mot de passe donné correspond bien au compte [$name][id: $id2].\n";
-		} else {
-			print "The proposed password is correct for the account [$name][id: $id2].\n";
-		}
-	}
-	return 130;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Request to login-server to reload GM configuration file
-sub reloadGM() {
-	print $so pack("v", 0x7955);
-	$so->flush();
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print "Demande de recharger le fichier de configuration des GM envoyée.\n";
-		print "Vérifiez les comptes GM actuels (après rechargement):\n";
-	} else {
-		print "Request to reload the GM configuration file sended.\n";
-		print "Check the actual GM accounts (after reloading):\n";
-	}
-	&listaccount(0, 0, 1); # 1: to list only GM
-	return 180;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Send a broadcast message
-sub sendbroadcast() {
-	my($type, $message) = @_;
-	if ($message eq "" || length($message) == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Entrez un message svp.\n";
-			if ($type == 0) {
-				print "<exemple> kami un message\n";
-			} else {
-				print "<exemple> kamib un message\n";
-			}
-		} else {
-			print "Please input a message.\n";
-			if ($type == 0) {
-				print "<example> kami a message\n";
-			} else {
-				print "<example> kamib a message\n";
-			}
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-
-	print $so pack("vvVa".length($message), 0x794e, $type, length($message), $message);
-	$so->flush();
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	if (unpack("v", $buf) != 0x794f) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Problème de connexion au serveur (réponse incorrecte).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Connection error to the server (incorrect answer).\n";
-		}
-		return 152;
-	}
-	$buf = readso(2);
-	my($answer) = unpack("v", $buf);
-	if ($answer == -1 || $answer == 65535) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Echec de l'envoi du message. Aucun server de char en ligne.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Message sending failed. No online char-server.\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Message transmis au server de logins avec succès.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Message successfully sended to login-server.\n";
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Change language of displaying
-sub changelanguage() {
-	my($language) = @_;
-	if ($language eq "" || length($language) == 0) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage == 'F') {
-			printf("Entrez une langue svp.\n");
-			printf("<exemple> language english\n");
-			printf("          language français\n");
-		} else {
-			printf("Please input a language.\n");
-			printf("<example> language english\n");
-			printf("          language français\n");
-		}
-		return 136;
-	}
-
-	$language = uc(substr($language, 0, 1));
-	if ($language =~ /^[EF]$/) {
-		$defaultlanguage = $language;
-		if ($defaultlanguage == 'F') {
-			printf("Changement de la langue d'affichage en Français.\n");
-		} else {
-			printf("Displaying language changed to English.\n");
-		}
-	} else {
-		if ($defaultlanguage == 'F') {
-			printf("Langue non paramétrée (langues possibles: 'Français' ou 'English').\n");
-		} else {
-			printf("Undefined language (possible languages: Français or English).\n");
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: sending 'end of connection' packet
-sub quit() {
-	print $so pack("v", 0x7532);
-	$so->flush();
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Get datas from the socket
-sub readso() {
-	my($len) = shift;
-	my($buf);
-	if (read($so, $buf, $len) < $len) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Erreur de lecture sur la Socket.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Socket read error.\n";
-		}
-		exit(3);
-	}
-	return $buf;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Input of a password
-sub typepasswd {
-	my($passwd1, $passwd2);
-	cbreak();
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		print "Entrez le mot de passe > "; $passwd1 = <STDIN>; chomp($passwd1); print "\n";
-		print "Ré-entrez le mot de passe > "; $passwd2 = <STDIN>; chomp($passwd2); print "\n";
-	} else {
-		print "Type the password > "; $passwd1 = <STDIN>; chomp($passwd1); print "\n";
-		print "Verify the password > "; $passwd2 = <STDIN>; chomp($passwd2); print "\n";
-	}
-	cooked();
-	if ($passwd1 ne $passwd2) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Erreur de vérification du mot de passe: Saisissez le même mot de passe svp.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Password verification failed. Please input same password.\n";
-		}
-		return "";
-	}
-	return $passwd1;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Return ordonal text of a number
-sub makeordinal {
-	my($c) = shift;
-	if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-		if ($c < 1) {
-			return $c;
-		}
-		return $c.("er", "ème")[$c == 1 ? 0 : 1];
-	} else {
-		if ($c % 10 < 4 && $c % 10 != 0 && ($c < 10 || $c > 20)) {
-			return $c.("st","nd","rd")[$c % 10 - 1];
-		}
-		return $c."th";
-	}
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Test of the validity of an account name (return 0 if incorrect, and 1 if ok)
-sub verify_accountname {
-	my($account_name) = @_;       # Get the account_name
-	if ($account_name =~ /[\x00-\x1f]/) { # remove control char
-		my($c) = length($`) + 1;
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Caractère interdit trouvé dans le nom du compte (".makeordinal($c)." caractère).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Illegal character found in the account name (".makeordinal($c)." character).\n";
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (length($account_name) < 4) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Nom du compte trop court. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account name is too short. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n";
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (length($account_name) > 23) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Nom du compte trop long. Entrez un nom de compte de 4-23 caractères.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Account name is too long. Please input an account name of 4-23 bytes.\n";
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Test of the validity of password (return 0 if incorrect, and 1 if ok)
-sub verify_password {
-	my($password) = @_;       # Get the password
-	if ($password =~ /[\x00-\x1f]/) {
-		my($c) = length($`) + 1;
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Caractère interdit trouvé dans le mot de passe (".makeordinal($c)." caractère).\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Illegal character found in the password (".makeordinal($c)." character).\n";
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (length($password) < 4) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Mot de passe trop court. Entrez un mot de passe de 4-23 caractères.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Password is too short. Please input a password of 4-23 bytes.\n";
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (length($password) > 23) {
-		if ($defaultlanguage eq "F") {
-			print "Mot de passe trop long. Entrez un mot de passe de 4-23 caractères.\n";
-		} else {
-			print "Password is too long. Please input a password of 4-23 bytes.\n";
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# Sub-function: Test of the validity of an e-mail (return 0 if incorrect, and 1 if ok)
-sub verify_email {
-	my($email) = @_;       # Get the e-mail
-	# To ignore a '.' before the @ (wanadoo, a provider, do that)
-	$email =~ s/\.\@/\@/;
-	# If the e-mail is void, it's not correct -> return 0
-	if ($email eq '') {
-		return(0);
-	}
-	# If the e-mail have no "@", it's not correct -> return 0
-	if ($email !~ /\@/) {
-		return(0);
-	}
-	# If the e-mail have a ",", a space, a tab or a ";", it's not correct -> return 0
-	if ($email =~ /[\,|\s|\;]/) {
-		return(0)
-	};
-	# IF
-	#    (the e-mail contains 2 "@", or ".." or "@." or starts or finishes by a ".")
-	# OR IF
-	#    (the e-mail doesn't contain "@localhost" AND
-	# - it doesn't contain characters followed by "@" itself followed by letters itself followed by "." and 2 or more letters
-	# - or an IP address)
-	# -> so, it's not good ! (finish !)
-	if ($email =~ /(@.*@)|(\.\.)|(@\.)|(\.@)|(^\.)|(\.$)/ ||
-		($email !~ /^.+\@localhost$/ &&
-		$email !~ /^.+\@\[?(\w|[-.])+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,3}|[0-9]{1,3}\]?$/)) {
-		return(0); # non-valid email
-	} else {
-		# If not, the e-email address is correct
-		return(1); # valid email
-	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/tool/mapcheck.sh b/src/tool/mapcheck.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index 337884c..0000000
--- a/src/tool/mapcheck.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-echo "============================================"
-echo "=       map server status checker...       ="
-echo "============================================"
-./map-server.exe &
-sleep 40
-
-while [ 0 ]
-do
-	pcpu=` top -n 1| grep map-server | awk '{print $9}' | awk 'BEGIN{FS="."} {print $1}' ` 
-	if [ "$pcpu" -gt 80 ];then
-		echo "============================================"
-		echo "map server is more than 80% (now $pcpu%)"
-		echo "============================================"
-		ppid=` ps -a | grep map-server | awk '{print $1}' `
-		kill $ppid
-		./map-server.exe &
-		sleep 40
-	else
-		pmapct=` ps -a| grep map-server | wc -l `
-		if [ "$pmapct" -eq 0 ];then
-			echo "============================================"
-			echo "map server is not running..."
-			echo "restart map server..."
-			echo "============================================"
-			./map-server.exe &
-			sleep 40
-			#echo "test"
-		else
-			echo "map server is ok (now $pcpu%)..."
-			sleep 5
-		fi
-	fi
-done
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/tool/mapchecker.sh b/src/tool/mapchecker.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index 7250c34..0000000
--- a/src/tool/mapchecker.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-athena_dir="/home/athena/658/"
-
-while [ true ] ; do
-
-if [ ` ps fauxw | grep map-server | grep -v grep | wc -l ` -eq 0 ];then
-        #echo `date` " -- map-server crashed - restarting"
-        echo `date` " -- map-server crashed - restarting" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-        killall -9 map-server
-        cd $athena_dir
-        nohup ./map-server ./conf/map_athena.conf ./inter_athena.conf &
-        sleep 240
-        #sleep 40 #for fast pc's remove the "#" at the beginning of the line and delete the line above
-fi
-
-
-if [ ` ps fauxw | grep map-server | grep -v grep | awk '{print $3}' | awk 'BEGIN{FS="."} {print $1}' ` -gt 10 ];then
-        #echo `date` " -- mapserver cpuload over 10 - restarting"
-        echo `date` " -- mapserver cpuload over 10 - restarting" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-        killall -9 map-server
-        cd $athena_dir
-        nohup ./map-server ./conf/map_athena.conf ./inter_athena.conf &
-        sleep 240
-        #sleep 40 #for fast pc's remove the "#" at the beginning of the line and delete the line above
-        #echo `date` " -- restarted"
-        echo `date` " -- restarted" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-fi
-
-if [ ` ps fauxw | grep char-server | grep -v grep | wc -l ` -eq 0 ];then
-        #echo `date` " -- char server crashed - restarting"
-        echo `date` " -- char server crashed - restarting" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-        killall -9 char-server
-        cd $athena_dir
-        nohup ./char-server ./conf/char_athena.conf ./conf/inter_athena.conf &
-        #echo `date` " -- restarted"
-        echo `date` " -- restarted" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-
-fi
-
-if [ ` ps fauxw | grep login-server | grep -v grep | wc -l ` -eq 0 ];then
-        #echo `date` " -- login server crashed - restarting"
-        echo `date` " -- login server crashed - restarting" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-        killall -9 login-server
-        cd $athena_dir
-        nohup ./login-server ./conf/login_athena.conf &
-        #echo `date` " -- restarted"
-        echo `date` " -- restarted" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-
-fi
-
-
-#echo `date` " -- everything is fine"
-echo `date` " -- everything is fine" >> /var/log/athena_status.log
-sleep 30
-done
diff --git a/src/tool/mapfrob.cpp b/src/tool/mapfrob.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8663ae0..0000000
--- a/src/tool/mapfrob.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-// Compile with
-//  gcc -m32 -I src/char -I src/common charfrob.c -o charfrob  src/common/timer.o src/common/malloc.o src/common/socket.o src/common/lock.o src/common/db.o src/char/int_pet.o src/char/int_storage.o src/char/inter.o src/char/int_party.o src/char/int_guild.o
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-// Yes, this is intentional
-#include "../char/char.cpp"
-
-// Well, this is not terribly elegant, but I don't have that much time.
-#define MAX_MAP 1024
-#define MAP_NAME_SIZE 32
-int  maps_nr = 0;
-struct
-{
-    char old[MAP_NAME_SIZE], new[MAP_NAME_SIZE];
-} maps[MAX_MAP];
-
-void transform_point (struct point *p)
-{
-    int  k;
-
-    if (!p->map[0])
-        return;
-
-    for (k = 0; k < maps_nr; k++)
-        if (!strcmp (p->map, maps[k].old))
-        {
-            strcpy (p->map, maps[k].new);
-            return;
-        }
-
-    fprintf (stderr, "Warning: untranslated map `%s'\n", p->map);
-}
-
-void transform_char (struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    transform_point (&p->last_point);
-    transform_point (&p->save_point);
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
-        transform_point (&p->memo_point[i]);
-}
-
-int mmo_char_convert ()
-{
-    char line[965536];
-    int  ret;
-    struct mmo_charstatus char_dat;
-    FILE *ifp, *ofp;
-
-    ifp = stdin;
-    ofp = stdout;
-    while (fgets (line, 65535, ifp))
-    {
-        memset (&char_dat, 0, sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-        ret = mmo_char_fromstr (line, &char_dat);
-        if (ret)
-        {
-            transform_char (&char_dat);
-            mmo_char_tostr (line, &char_dat);
-            fprintf (ofp, "%s\n", line);
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-#define PARSE_MODE_NEXTNUM 0
-#define PARSE_MODE_RANGE 1
-
-int init (int count, char **translates)
-{
-    int  i;
-    char *suffix = ".gat";
-
-    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-    {
-        char *src = translates[i];
-        char *dest = strchr (src, ':');
-
-        if (!dest)
-        {
-            fprintf (stderr, "Missing colon in: `%s'\n", src);
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        *dest++ = 0;
-
-        if (strlen (src) + strlen (suffix) >= MAP_NAME_SIZE)
-        {
-            fprintf (stderr, "Map name prefix too long: `%s'\n", src);
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        if (strlen (dest) + strlen (suffix) >= MAP_NAME_SIZE)
-        {
-            fprintf (stderr, "Map name prefix too long: `%s'\n", dest);
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        strncpy (maps[maps_nr].old, src, MAP_NAME_SIZE);
-        strcat (maps[maps_nr].old, suffix);
-        strncpy (maps[maps_nr].new, dest, MAP_NAME_SIZE);
-        strcat (maps[maps_nr].new, suffix);
-
-        ++maps_nr;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main (int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    if (argc < 2)
-    {
-        printf ("Usage: %s oldmap0:newmap0 oldmap1:newmap1 ...\n", argv[0]);
-        printf ("e.g., %s new_1-1:001-2 new_2-1:001-1\n", argv[0]);
-        puts ("The extension `.gat' is appended implicitly.");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-    if (init (argc - 1, argv + 1))
-        return 1;
-
-    mmo_char_convert ();
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/marriage-info.cpp b/src/tool/marriage-info.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3552a9b..0000000
--- a/src/tool/marriage-info.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,482 +0,0 @@
-/* To build:
-gcc -O2 -m32 -Isrc/common -Isrc/char -Isrc/map -Isrc/login -o marriage-info \
-marriage-info.c src/common/socket.o src/common/timer.o src/common/db.o \
-src/common/lock.o src/common/malloc.o src/char/int_guild.o \
-src/char/int_party.o src/char/int_storage.o src/char/inter.o
-*/
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include "../login/login.hpp"
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-// Yes, this is intentional
-#include "../char/char.cpp"
-
-int mode;
-#define MODE_MARRIED	0
-#define MODE_SINGLES_F	1
-#define MODE_SINGLES_M	2
-#define MODE_SINGLES_A	3	
-
-#define CHUNK_SIZE 1024
-
-/* chunked list to represent leaves */
-typedef struct {
-        int char_id;
-        int exp;
-        char name[24];
-        unsigned char level;
-        unsigned char sex;
-} char_leaf_t;
-
-/* Chunks are in descending order, but chars are in ascending order */
-typedef struct chunklist_node {
-        int size;
-        char_leaf_t chars[CHUNK_SIZE];
-        struct chunklist_node *next;
-} chunklist_node_t;
-
-chunklist_node_t *list = NULL;
-
-static void
-insert(chunklist_node_t **listp, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-        chunklist_node_t *chunk = *listp;
-        char_leaf_t *l;
-
-        if ((chunk && chunk->size == CHUNK_SIZE)
-            || (!chunk)) {
-                chunk = malloc(sizeof(chunklist_node_t));
-                chunk->size = 0;
-                chunk->next = *listp;
-                *listp = chunk;
-        }
-
-        l = &chunk->chars[chunk->size++];
-
-        l->char_id = p->char_id;
-        l->level = p->base_level;
-        l->exp = p->base_exp;
-        l->sex = p->sex;
-        strcpy(l->name, p->name);
-}
-
-static int
-compare_leaf(const void *l, const void *r)
-{
-        return ((char_leaf_t *)l)->char_id - ((char_leaf_t *)r)->char_id;
-}
-
-static char_leaf_t *
-find(chunklist_node_t *list, int char_id)
-{
-        if (!list)
-                return NULL; /*  fatal error */
-        else {
-                int start = list->chars[0].char_id;
-                int stop = list->chars[list->size - 1].char_id;
-
-                if (char_id >= start && char_id <= stop) { /* in this chunk */
-                        char_leaf_t key;
-                        key.char_id = char_id;
-                        return (char_leaf_t *)
-                                bsearch(&key, &list->chars, list->size, sizeof(char_leaf_t),
-                                        compare_leaf);
-                }
-                else find(list->next, char_id);
-        }
-}
-
-
-void /* replace blanks with percent signs */
-namefrob(char *n)
-{
-        while (*n++) /*  can't start with a blank */
-                if (*n == ' ')
-                        *n = '%';
-}
-
-/*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Copied and pasted due to lacking modularity
-*/
-
-char account_filename[1024] = "save/account.txt";
-int account_id_count = START_ACCOUNT_NUM;
-
-struct auth_dat {
-	int account_id, sex;
-	char userid[24], pass[24], lastlogin[24];
-	int logincount;
-	int state;
-	char email[40];
-	char error_message[20];
-	time_t ban_until_time; 
-	time_t connect_until_time;
-	char last_ip[16];
-	char memo[255];
-	int account_reg2_num;
-	struct global_reg account_reg2[ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM];
-} *auth_dat;
-
-int auth_num = 0, auth_max = 0;
-
-
-/*
- Reading of the accounts database
-*/
-int mmo_auth_init(void) {
-	FILE *fp;
-	int account_id, logincount, state, n, i, j, v;
-	char line[2048], *p, userid[2048], pass[2048], lastlogin[2048], sex, email[2048], error_message[2048], last_ip[2048], memo[2048];
-	time_t ban_until_time;
-	time_t connect_until_time;
-	char str[2048];
-	int GM_count = 0;
-	int server_count = 0;
-
-	auth_dat = calloc(sizeof(struct auth_dat) * 256, 1);
-	auth_max = 256;
-
-	fp = fopen(account_filename, "r");
-	if (fp == NULL) {
-		printf("\033[1;31mmmo_auth_init: Accounts file [%s] not found.\033[0m\n", account_filename);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	while(fgets(line, sizeof(line)-1, fp) != NULL) {
-		if (line[0] == '/' && line[1] == '/')
-			continue;
-		line[sizeof(line)-1] = '\0';
-		p = line;
-
-		if (((i = sscanf(line, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%c\t%d\t%d\t"
-		                 "%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%ld\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%ld%n",
-		    &account_id, userid, pass, lastlogin, &sex, &logincount, &state,
-		    email, error_message, &connect_until_time, last_ip, memo, &ban_until_time, &n)) == 13 && line[n] == '\t') ||
-		    ((i = sscanf(line, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%c\t%d\t%d\t"
-		                 "%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%ld\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]%n",
-		    &account_id, userid, pass, lastlogin, &sex, &logincount, &state,
-		    email, error_message, &connect_until_time, last_ip, memo, &n)) == 12 && line[n] == '\t')) {
-			n = n + 1;
-
-			if (account_id > END_ACCOUNT_NUM) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			userid[23] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(userid);
-			for(j = 0; j < auth_num; j++) {
-				if (auth_dat[j].account_id == account_id) {
-					break;
-				} else if (strcmp(auth_dat[j].userid, userid) == 0) {
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			if (j != auth_num)
-				continue;
-
-			if (auth_num >= auth_max) {
-				auth_max += 256;
-				auth_dat = realloc(auth_dat, sizeof(struct auth_dat) * auth_max);
-			}
-
-			memset(&auth_dat[auth_num], '\0', sizeof(struct auth_dat));
-
-			auth_dat[auth_num].account_id = account_id;
-
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].userid, userid, 24);
-
-			pass[23] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(pass);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].pass, pass, 24);
-
-			lastlogin[23] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(lastlogin);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].lastlogin, lastlogin, 24);
-
-			auth_dat[auth_num].sex = (sex == 'S' || sex == 's') ? 2 : (sex == 'M' || sex == 'm');
-
-			if (logincount >= 0)
-				auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = logincount;
-			else
-				auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = 0;
-
-			if (state > 255)
-				auth_dat[auth_num].state = 100;
-			else if (state < 0)
-				auth_dat[auth_num].state = 0;
-			else
-				auth_dat[auth_num].state = state;
-
-			if (e_mail_check(email) == 0) {
-				strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].email, "a@a.com", 40);
-			} else {
-				remove_control_chars(email);
-				strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].email, email, 40);
-			}
-
-			error_message[19] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(error_message);
-			if (error_message[0] == '\0' || state != 7) {
-				strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].error_message, "-", 20);
-			} else {
-				strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].error_message, error_message, 20);
-			}
-
-			if (i == 13)
-				auth_dat[auth_num].ban_until_time = ban_until_time;
-			else
-				auth_dat[auth_num].ban_until_time = 0;
-
-			auth_dat[auth_num].connect_until_time = connect_until_time;
-
-			last_ip[15] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(last_ip);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].last_ip, last_ip, 16);
-
-			memo[254] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(memo);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].memo, memo, 255);
-
-			for(j = 0; j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM; j++) {
-				p += n;
-				if (sscanf(p, "%[^\t,],%d %n", str, &v, &n) != 2) {
-					if (p[0] == ',' && sscanf(p, ",%d %n", &v, &n) == 1) {
-						j--;
-						continue;
-					} else
-						break;
-				}
-				str[31] = '\0';
-				remove_control_chars(str);
-				strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].str, str, 32);
-				auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].value = v;
-			}
-			auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2_num = j;
-
-			if (isGM(account_id) > 0)
-				GM_count++;
-			if (auth_dat[auth_num].sex == 2)
-				server_count++;
-
-			auth_num++;
-			if (account_id >= account_id_count)
-				account_id_count = account_id + 1;
-
-		} else if ((i = sscanf(line, "%d\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%[^\t]\t%c\t%d\t%d\t%n",
-		           &account_id, userid, pass, lastlogin, &sex, &logincount, &state, &n)) >= 5) {
-			if (account_id > END_ACCOUNT_NUM) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			userid[23] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(userid);
-			for(j = 0; j < auth_num; j++) {
-				if (auth_dat[j].account_id == account_id) {
-					break;
-				} else if (strcmp(auth_dat[j].userid, userid) == 0) {
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			if (j != auth_num)
-				continue;
-
-			if (auth_num >= auth_max) {
-				auth_max += 256;
-				auth_dat = realloc(auth_dat, sizeof(struct auth_dat) * auth_max);
-			}
-
-			memset(&auth_dat[auth_num], '\0', sizeof(struct auth_dat));
-
-			auth_dat[auth_num].account_id = account_id;
-
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].userid, userid, 24);
-
-			pass[23] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(pass);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].pass, pass, 24);
-
-			lastlogin[23] = '\0';
-			remove_control_chars(lastlogin);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].lastlogin, lastlogin, 24);
-
-			auth_dat[auth_num].sex = (sex == 'S' || sex == 's') ? 2 : (sex == 'M' || sex == 'm');
-
-			if (i >= 6) {
-				if (logincount >= 0)
-					auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = logincount;
-				else
-					auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = 0;
-			} else
-				auth_dat[auth_num].logincount = 0;
-
-			if (i >= 7) {
-				if (state > 255)
-					auth_dat[auth_num].state = 100;
-				else if (state < 0)
-					auth_dat[auth_num].state = 0;
-				else
-					auth_dat[auth_num].state = state;
-			} else
-				auth_dat[auth_num].state = 0;
-
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].email, "a@a.com", 40);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].error_message, "-", 20);
-			auth_dat[auth_num].ban_until_time = 0;
-			auth_dat[auth_num].connect_until_time = 0;
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].last_ip, "-", 16);
-			strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].memo, "-", 255);
-
-			for(j = 0; j < ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM; j++) {
-				p += n;
-				if (sscanf(p, "%[^\t,],%d %n", str, &v, &n) != 2) {
-					if (p[0] == ',' && sscanf(p, ",%d %n", &v, &n) == 1) {
-						j--;
-						continue;
-					} else
-						break;
-				}
-				str[31] = '\0';
-				remove_control_chars(str);
-				strncpy(auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].str, str, 32);
-				auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2[j].value = v;
-			}
-			auth_dat[auth_num].account_reg2_num = j;
-
-			if (isGM(account_id) > 0)
-				GM_count++;
-			if (auth_dat[auth_num].sex == 2)
-				server_count++;
-
-			auth_num++;
-			if (account_id >= account_id_count)
-				account_id_count = account_id + 1;
-
-		} else {
-			i = 0;
-			if (sscanf(line, "%d\t%%newid%%\n%n", &account_id, &i) == 1 &&
-			    i > 0 && account_id > account_id_count)
-				account_id_count = account_id;
-		}
-	}
-	fclose(fp);
-
-	if (auth_num == 0) {
-		sprintf(line, "No account found in %s.", account_filename);
-	} else {
-		if (auth_num == 1) {
-			sprintf(line, "1 account read in %s,", account_filename);
-		} else {
-			sprintf(line, "%d accounts read in %s,", auth_num, account_filename);
-		}
-		if (GM_count == 0) {
-			sprintf(str, "%s of which is no GM account and", line);
-		} else if (GM_count == 1) {
-			sprintf(str, "%s of which is 1 GM account and", line);
-		} else {
-			sprintf(str, "%s of which is %d GM accounts and", line, GM_count);
-		}
-		if (server_count == 0) {
-			sprintf(line, "%s no server account ('S').", str);
-		} else if (server_count == 1) {
-			sprintf(line, "%s 1 server account ('S').", str);
-		} else {
-			sprintf(line, "%s %d server accounts ('S').", str, server_count);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-
-
-void
-mmo_check_dumpworthy(struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-        int i;
-        namefrob(p->name);
-
-        for (i = 0; i < auth_num; i++)
-                if (auth_dat[i].account_id == p->account_id) {
-                        p->sex = auth_dat[i].sex;
-                        break;
-                }
-
-        if (p->partner_id) {
-                if (mode != MODE_MARRIED)
-                        return;
-
-                if (p->partner_id < p->char_id) {
-                        char_leaf_t *partner = find(list, p->partner_id);
-                        if (!partner)
-                                fprintf(stderr, "Char %d (%s)'s partner (%d) no longer available\n",
-                                        p->char_id,
-                                        p->name,
-                                        p->partner_id);
-                        else
-                                printf ("%d\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%d--%d,%d\n",
-                                        p->base_level + partner->level,
-                                        p->base_exp + partner->exp,
-                                        p->name, p->sex? "M" : "F", p->base_level,
-                                        partner->name, partner->sex? "M" : "F", partner->level);
-                } else {
-                        insert(&list, p);
-                }
-        } else if (p->sex == (mode - 1))
-                        printf("%d\t%d\t%s\n", p->base_level, p->base_exp, p->name);
-        else if (mode == MODE_SINGLES_A)
-                        printf("%d\t%d\t%s\t%s\n", p->base_level, p->base_exp, p->name, p->sex? "M" : "F");
-}
-
-int mmo_char_dump()
-{
-        char line[965536];
-        int ret;
-	struct mmo_charstatus char_dat;
-        FILE *ifp,*ofp;
-
-	ifp=stdin;
-        while(fgets(line,65535,ifp)){
-                memset(&char_dat,0,sizeof(struct mmo_charstatus));
-                ret=mmo_char_fromstr(line,&char_dat);
-                if(ret){
-                        mmo_check_dumpworthy(&char_dat);
-                }
-        }
-        return 0;
-}
-
-
-int init(char *mode_s)
-{
-        if (!strcmp(mode_s, "-c"))
-                mode = MODE_MARRIED;
-        else if (!strcmp(mode_s, "-f"))
-                mode = MODE_SINGLES_F;
-        else if (!strcmp(mode_s, "-m"))
-                mode = MODE_SINGLES_M;
-        else if (!strcmp(mode_s, "-s"))
-                mode = MODE_SINGLES_A;
-        else {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Unknown mode `%s'\n", mode_s);
-                return 1;
-        }
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int main(int argc,char *argv[])
-{
-        mmo_auth_init();
-
-	if(argc < 2) {
-		printf("Usage: %s <mode>\n", argv[0]);
-                printf("Where <mode> is one of -c (couples), -s (singles), -f (female singles), -m (male singles)\n", argv[0]);
-		exit(0);
-	}
-        if (init(argv[1]))
-                return 1;
-
-	mmo_char_dump();
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/marriage-info.sh b/src/tool/marriage-info.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 2389d7f..0000000
--- a/src/tool/marriage-info.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-
-cd ~/tmwserver
-
-cat save/athena.txt | sort -n > athena-sorted.txt
-
-printf "Top married couples\n===================\n" > ~/public_html/stats/married.txt
-cat athena-sorted.txt | ./marriage-info -c | sort -rn | awk '{printf "%d   %s  oo  %s  (%s (%s, %d), %s(%s, %d))\n", ++rank, $3, $6, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8}' | tr '%' ' ' >> ~/public_html/stats/married.txt
-
-printf "Top female singles\n==================\n" > ~/public_html/stats/female-singles.txt
-cat athena-sorted.txt | ./marriage-info -f | sort -rn | awk '{printf "%d   %s(%d)\n", ++rank, $3, $1}' | tr '%' ' ' | head -50 >> ~/public_html/stats/female-singles.txt
-
-printf "Top male singles\n===============\n" > ~/public_html/stats/male-singles.txt
-cat athena-sorted.txt | ./marriage-info -m | sort -rn | awk '{printf "%d   %s(%d)\n", ++rank, $3, $1}' | tr '%' ' ' | head -50 >> ~/public_html/stats/male-singles.txt
-
-printf "Top singles\n===============\n" > ~/public_html/stats/singles.txt
-cat athena-sorted.txt | ./marriage-info -s | sort -rn | awk '{printf "%d   %s(%s, %d)\n", ++rank, $3, $4, $1}' | tr '%' ' ' | head -50 >> ~/public_html/stats/singles.txt
-
-rm athena-sorted.txt
-
diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/athena_text.cpp b/src/tool/moneycount/athena_text.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8cf5457..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/athena_text.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-#include "athena_text.hpp"
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "mmo.hpp"
-
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Function to set the character from the line (at read of characters file)
-//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-int mmo_char_fromstr (char *str, struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-    int  tmp_int[256];
-    int  set, next, len, i;
-
-    // initilialise character
-    memset (p, '\0', sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-
-    // If it's not char structure of version 1008 and after
-    if ((set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name,  //
-                       &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],   //
-                       &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25], &tmp_int[26], &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], &tmp_int[34], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[35], &tmp_int[36], //
-                       p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[37], &tmp_int[38],
-                       &tmp_int[39], &next)) != 43)
-    {
-        tmp_int[39] = 0;        // partner id
-        // If not char structure from version 384 to 1007
-        if ((set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name, //
-                           &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],   //
-                           &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25], &tmp_int[26], &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], &tmp_int[34], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[35], &tmp_int[36], //
-                           p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[37], &tmp_int[38],
-                           &next)) != 42)
-        {
-            // It's char structure of a version before 384
-            tmp_int[26] = 0;    // pet id
-            set = sscanf (str, "%d\t%d,%d\t%[^\t]\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d" "\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d\t%d,%d,%d,%d,%d" "\t%[^,],%d,%d\t%[^,],%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], p->name, //
-                          &tmp_int[3], &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6], &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10], &tmp_int[11], &tmp_int[12], &tmp_int[13], &tmp_int[14], &tmp_int[15], &tmp_int[16], &tmp_int[17], &tmp_int[18], &tmp_int[19], &tmp_int[20], &tmp_int[21], &tmp_int[22], &tmp_int[23],    //
-                          &tmp_int[24], &tmp_int[25],   //
-                          &tmp_int[27], &tmp_int[28], &tmp_int[29], &tmp_int[30], &tmp_int[31], &tmp_int[32], &tmp_int[33], &tmp_int[34], p->last_point.map, &tmp_int[35], &tmp_int[36],    //
-                          p->save_point.map, &tmp_int[37], &tmp_int[38],
-                          &next);
-            set += 2;
-            //printf("char: old char data ver.1\n");
-            // Char structure of version 1007 or older
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            set++;
-            //printf("char: old char data ver.2\n");
-        }
-        // Char structure of version 1008+
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        //printf("char: new char data ver.3\n");
-    }
-    if (set != 43)
-        return 0;
-
-    p->char_id = tmp_int[0];
-    p->account_id = tmp_int[1];
-    p->char_num = tmp_int[2];
-    p->classb = tmp_int[3];
-    p->base_level = tmp_int[4];
-    p->job_level = tmp_int[5];
-    p->base_exp = tmp_int[6];
-    p->job_exp = tmp_int[7];
-    p->zeny = tmp_int[8];
-    p->hp = tmp_int[9];
-    p->max_hp = tmp_int[10];
-    p->sp = tmp_int[11];
-    p->max_sp = tmp_int[12];
-    p->str = tmp_int[13];
-    p->agi = tmp_int[14];
-    p->vit = tmp_int[15];
-    p->int_ = tmp_int[16];
-    p->dex = tmp_int[17];
-    p->luk = tmp_int[18];
-    p->status_point = tmp_int[19];
-    p->skill_point = tmp_int[20];
-    p->option = tmp_int[21];
-    p->karma = tmp_int[22];
-    p->manner = tmp_int[23];
-    p->party_id = tmp_int[24];
-    p->guild_id = tmp_int[25];
-//  p->pet_id = tmp_int[26];
-    p->hair = tmp_int[27];
-    p->hair_color = tmp_int[28];
-    p->clothes_color = tmp_int[29];
-    p->weapon = tmp_int[30];
-    p->shield = tmp_int[31];
-    p->head_top = tmp_int[32];
-    p->head_mid = tmp_int[33];
-    p->head_bottom = tmp_int[34];
-    p->last_point.x = tmp_int[35];
-    p->last_point.y = tmp_int[36];
-    p->save_point.x = tmp_int[37];
-    p->save_point.y = tmp_int[38];
-    p->partner_id = tmp_int[39];
-
-    if (str[next] == '\n' || str[next] == '\r')
-        return 1;               // ?V?K?f?[?^
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + next, "%[^,],%d,%d%n", p->memo_point[i].map, &tmp_int[0],
-             &tmp_int[1], &len) != 3)
-            return -3;
-        p->memo_point[i].x = tmp_int[0];
-        p->memo_point[i].y = tmp_int[1];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                    &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                    &tmp_int[11], &len) == 12)
-        {
-            // do nothing, it's ok
-        }
-        else if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                         &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                         &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                         &len) == 11)
-        {
-            tmp_int[11] = 0;    // broken doesn't exist in this version -> 0
-        }
-        else                    // invalid structure
-            return -4;
-        p->inventory[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->inventory[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-        p->inventory[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-        p->inventory[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-        p->inventory[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-        p->inventory[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-        p->inventory[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-        p->inventory[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-        p->inventory[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-        p->inventory[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-        p->inventory[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-        p->inventory[i].broken = tmp_int[11];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                    &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                    &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                    &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                    &tmp_int[11], &len) == 12)
-        {
-            // do nothing, it's ok
-        }
-        else if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d,%d%n",
-                         &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &tmp_int[2], &tmp_int[3],
-                         &tmp_int[4], &tmp_int[5], &tmp_int[6],
-                         &tmp_int[7], &tmp_int[8], &tmp_int[9], &tmp_int[10],
-                         &len) == 11)
-        {
-            tmp_int[11] = 0;    // broken doesn't exist in this version -> 0
-        }
-        else                    // invalid structure
-            return -5;
-        p->cart[i].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->cart[i].nameid = tmp_int[1];
-        p->cart[i].amount = tmp_int[2];
-        p->cart[i].equip = tmp_int[3];
-        p->cart[i].identify = tmp_int[4];
-        p->cart[i].refine = tmp_int[5];
-        p->cart[i].attribute = tmp_int[6];
-        p->cart[i].card[0] = tmp_int[7];
-        p->cart[i].card[1] = tmp_int[8];
-        p->cart[i].card[2] = tmp_int[9];
-        p->cart[i].card[3] = tmp_int[10];
-        p->cart[i].broken = tmp_int[11];
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0; str[next] && str[next] != '\t'; i++)
-    {
-        if (sscanf (str + next, "%d,%d%n", &tmp_int[0], &tmp_int[1], &len) !=
-            2)
-            return -6;
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].id = tmp_int[0];
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].lv = tmp_int[1] & 0xffff;
-        p->skill[tmp_int[0]].flags = ((tmp_int[1] >> 16) & 0xffff);
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-
-    next++;
-
-    for (i = 0;
-         str[next] && str[next] != '\t' && str[next] != '\n'
-         && str[next] != '\r'; i++)
-    {                           // global_reg?????O??athena.txt????^????'\n'?`?F?b?N
-        if (sscanf
-            (str + next, "%[^,],%d%n", p->global_reg[i].str,
-             &p->global_reg[i].value, &len) != 2)
-        {
-            // because some scripts are not correct, the str can be "". So, we must check that.
-            // If it's, we must not refuse the character, but just this REG value.
-            // Character line will have something like: nov_2nd_cos,9 ,9 nov_1_2_cos_c,1 (here, ,9 is not good)
-            if (str[next] == ','
-                && sscanf (str + next, ",%d%n", &p->global_reg[i].value,
-                           &len) == 1)
-                i--;
-            else
-                return -7;
-        }
-        next += len;
-        if (str[next] == ' ')
-            next++;
-    }
-    p->global_reg_num = i;
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-int accreg_fromstr (char *str, struct accreg *reg)
-{
-    int  j, v, n;
-    char buf[128];
-    const char *p = str;
-
-     if (sscanf (p, "%d\t%n", &reg->account_id, &n) != 1
-         || reg->account_id <= 0)
-         return 0;
-
-     for (j = 0, p += n; j < ACCOUNT_REG_NUM; j++, p += n)
-     {
-         if (sscanf (p, "%[^,],%d %n", buf, &v, &n) != 2)
-             break;
-         memcpy (reg->reg[j].str, buf, 32);
-         reg->reg[j].value = v;
-     }
-     reg->reg_num = j;
-
-     return 1;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/athena_text.hpp b/src/tool/moneycount/athena_text.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e4b7025..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/athena_text.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef ATHENA_TEXT_HPP
-#define ATHENA_TEXT_HPP
-#include "mmo.hpp"
-
-int mmo_char_fromstr (char *str, struct mmo_charstatus *p);
-
-int accreg_fromstr (char *str, struct accreg *reg);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/inf.cpp b/src/tool/moneycount/inf.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 80b0475..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/inf.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1482 +0,0 @@
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-//   Author:    Andy Rushton

-//   Copyright: (c) Southampton University 1999-2004

-//              (c) Andy Rushton           2004-2009

-//   License:   BSD License, see ../docs/license.html

-

-//   The integer is represented as a sequence of bytes. They are stored such that

-//   element 0 is the lsB, which makes sense when seen as an integer offset but

-//   is counter-intuitive when you think that a string is usually read from left

-//   to right, 0 to size-1, in which case the lsB is on the *left*.

-

-//   This solution is compatible with 32-bit and 64-bit machines with either

-//   little-endian or big-endian representations of integers.

-

-//   Problem: I'm using std::string, which is an array of char. However, char is

-//   not well-defined - it could be signed or unsigned.

-

-//   In fact, there's no requirement for a char to even be one byte - it can be

-//   any size of one byte or more. However, it's just impossible to make any

-//   progress with that naffness (thanks to the C non-standardisation committee)

-//   and the practice is that char on every platform/compiler I've ever come

-//   across is that char = byte.

-

-//   The algorithms here use unsigned char to represent bit-patterns so I have to

-//   be careful to type-cast from char to unsigned char a lot. I use a typedef to

-//   make life easier.

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-#include "inf.hpp"

-#include <ctype.h>

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-namespace stlplus

-{

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // choose a sensible C type for a byte

-

-  typedef unsigned char byte;

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // local functions

-

-  // removes leading bytes that don't contribute to the value to create the minimum string representation

-  static void reduce_string(std::string& data)

-  {

-    while(data.size() > 1 && 

-          ((byte(data[data.size()-1]) == byte(0) && byte(data[data.size()-2]) < byte(128)) ||

-           (byte(data[data.size()-1]) == byte(255) && byte(data[data.size()-2]) >= byte(128))))

-    {

-      data.erase(data.end()-1);

-    }

-  }

-

-  // generic implementations of type conversions from integer type to internal representation

-  // data: integer value for conversion

-  // result: internal representation

-

-  template <typename T>

-  static void convert_from_signed(const T& data, std::string& result)

-  {

-    result.erase();

-    bool lsb_first = little_endian();

-    byte* address = (byte*)&data;

-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++)

-    {

-      size_t offset = (lsb_first ? i : (sizeof(T) - i - 1));

-      result.append(1,address[offset]);

-    }

-    reduce_string(result);

-  }

-

-  template <typename T>

-  static void convert_from_unsigned(const T& data, std::string& result)

-  {

-    result.erase();

-    bool lsb_first = little_endian();

-    byte* address = (byte*)&data;

-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++)

-    {

-      size_t offset = (lsb_first ? i : (sizeof(T) - i - 1));

-      result.append(1,address[offset]);

-    }

-    // inf is signed - so there is a possible extra sign bit to add

-    result.append(1,std::string::value_type(0));

-    reduce_string(result);

-  }

-

-  // generic implementations of type conversions from internal representation to an integer type

-  // data : string representation of integer

-  // result: integer result of conversion

-  // return: flag indicating success - false = overflow

-

-  template <class T>

-  bool convert_to_signed(const std::string& data, T& result)

-  {

-    bool lsb_first = little_endian();

-    byte* address = (byte*)&result;

-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++)

-    {

-      size_t offset = lsb_first ? i : (sizeof(T) - i - 1);

-      if (i < data.size())

-        address[offset] = byte(data[i]);

-      else if (data.empty() || (byte(data[data.size()-1]) < byte(128)))

-        address[offset] = byte(0);

-      else

-        address[offset] = byte(255);

-    }

-    return data.size() <= sizeof(T);

-  }

-

-  template <class T>

-  bool convert_to_unsigned(const std::string& data, T& result)

-  {

-    bool lsb_first = little_endian();

-    byte* address = (byte*)&result;

-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++)

-    {

-      size_t offset = lsb_first ? i : (sizeof(T) - i - 1);

-      if (i < data.size())

-        address[offset] = byte(data[i]);

-      else

-        address[offset] = byte(0);

-    }

-    return data.size() <= sizeof(T);

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // Conversions to string

-

-  static char to_char [] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

-  static int from_char [] = 

-  {

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,

-    25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,

-    25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,

-    -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1

-  };

-

-  static void convert_to_string(const stlplus::inf& data, std::string& result, unsigned radix = 10)

-    throw(std::invalid_argument)

-  {

-    // only support the C-style radixes plus 0b for binary

-    if (radix != 2 && radix != 8 && radix != 10 && radix != 16)

-      throw std::invalid_argument("invalid radix value");

-    inf local_i = data;

-    // untangle all the options

-    bool binary = radix == 2;

-    bool octal = radix == 8;

-    bool hex = radix == 16;

-    // the C representations for binary, octal and hex use 2's-complement representation

-    // all other represenations use sign-magnitude

-    if (hex || octal || binary)

-    {

-      // bit-pattern representation

-      // this is the binary representation optionally shown in octal or hex

-      // first generate the binary by masking the bits

-      for (unsigned j = local_i.bits(); j--; )

-        result += (local_i.bit(j) ? '1' : '0');

-      // the result is now the full width of the type - e.g. int will give a 32-bit result

-      // now interpret this as either binary, octal or hex and add the prefix

-      if (binary)

-      {

-        // trim down to the smallest string that preserves the value

-        while (true)

-        {

-          // do not trim to less than 1 bit (sign only)

-          if (result.size() <= 1) break;

-          // only trim if it doesn't change the sign and therefore the value

-          if (result[0] != result[1]) break;

-          result.erase(0,1);

-        }

-        // add the prefix

-        result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, "0b");

-      }

-      else if (octal)

-      {

-        // the result is currently binary

-        // trim down to the smallest string that preserves the value

-        while (true)

-        {

-          // do not trim to less than 2 bits (sign plus 1-bit magnitude)

-          if (result.size() <= 2) break;

-          // only trim if it doesn't change the sign and therefore the value

-          if (result[0] != result[1]) break;

-          result.erase(0,1);

-        }

-        // also ensure that the binary is a multiple of 3 bits to make the conversion to octal easier

-        while (result.size() % 3 != 0)

-          result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, 1, result[0]);

-        // now convert to octal

-        std::string octal_result;

-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < result.size()/3; i++)

-        {

-          // yuck - ugly or what?

-          if (result[i*3] == '0')

-          {

-            if (result[i*3+1] == '0')

-            {

-              if (result[i*3+2] == '0')

-                octal_result += '0';

-              else

-                octal_result += '1';

-            }

-            else

-            {

-              if (result[i*3+2] == '0')

-                octal_result += '2';

-              else

-                octal_result += '3';

-            }

-          }

-          else

-          {

-            if (result[i*3+1] == '0')

-            {

-              if (result[i*3+2] == '0')

-                octal_result += '4';

-              else

-                octal_result += '5';

-            }

-            else

-            {

-              if (result[i*3+2] == '0')

-                octal_result += '6';

-              else

-                octal_result += '7';

-            }

-          }

-        }

-        result = octal_result;

-        // add the prefix

-        result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, "0");

-      }

-      else

-      {

-        // similar to octal

-        while (true)

-        {

-          // do not trim to less than 2 bits (sign plus 1-bit magnitude)

-          if (result.size() <= 2) break;

-          // only trim if it doesn't change the sign and therefore the value

-          if (result[0] != result[1]) break;

-          result.erase(0,1);

-        }

-        // pad to a multiple of 4 characters

-        while (result.size() % 4 != 0)

-          result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, 1, result[0]);

-        // now convert to hex

-        std::string hex_result;

-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < result.size()/4; i++)

-        {

-          // yuck - ugly or what?

-          if (result[i*4] == '0')

-          {

-            if (result[i*4+1] == '0')

-            {

-              if (result[i*4+2] == '0')

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += '0';

-                else

-                  hex_result += '1';

-              }

-              else

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += '2';

-                else

-                  hex_result += '3';

-              }

-            }

-            else

-            {

-              if (result[i*4+2] == '0')

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += '4';

-                else

-                  hex_result += '5';

-              }

-              else

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += '6';

-                else

-                  hex_result += '7';

-              }

-            }

-          }

-          else

-          {

-            if (result[i*4+1] == '0')

-            {

-              if (result[i*4+2] == '0')

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += '8';

-                else

-                  hex_result += '9';

-              }

-              else

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += 'a';

-                else

-                  hex_result += 'b';

-              }

-            }

-            else

-            {

-              if (result[i*4+2] == '0')

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += 'c';

-                else

-                  hex_result += 'd';

-              }

-              else

-              {

-                if (result[i*4+3] == '0')

-                  hex_result += 'e';

-                else

-                  hex_result += 'f';

-              }

-            }

-          }

-        }

-        result = hex_result;

-        // add the prefix

-        result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, "0x");

-      }

-    }

-    else

-    {

-      // convert to sign-magnitude

-      // the representation is:

-      // [sign]magnitude

-      bool negative = local_i.negative();

-      local_i.abs();

-      // create a representation of the magnitude by successive division

-      inf inf_radix(radix);

-      do

-      {

-        std::pair<inf,inf> divided = local_i.divide(inf_radix);

-        unsigned remainder = divided.second.to_unsigned();

-        char digit = to_char[remainder];

-        result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, 1, digit);

-        local_i = divided.first;

-      }

-      while(!local_i.zero());

-      // add the prefixes

-      // add a sign only for negative values

-      if (negative)

-        result.insert((std::string::size_type)0, 1, '-');

-    }

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // Conversions FROM string

-

-  void convert_from_string(const std::string& str, inf& result, unsigned radix = 10) throw(std::invalid_argument)

-  {

-    result = 0;

-    // only support the C-style radixes plus 0b for binary

-    // a radix of 0 means deduce the radix from the input - assume 10

-    if (radix != 0 && radix != 2 && radix != 8 && radix != 10 && radix != 16)

-      throw std::invalid_argument("invalid radix value");

-    unsigned i = 0;

-    // the radix passed as a parameter is just the default - it can be

-    // overridden by the C prefix

-    // Note: a leading zero is the C-style prefix for octal - I only make this

-    // override the default when the default radix is not specified

-    // first check for a C-style prefix

-    bool c_style = false;

-    if (i < str.size() && str[i] == '0')

-    {

-      // binary or hex

-      if (i+1 < str.size() && tolower(str[i+1]) == 'x')

-      {

-        c_style = true;

-        radix = 16;

-        i += 2;

-      }

-      else if (i+1 < str.size() && tolower(str[i+1]) == 'b')

-      {

-        c_style = true;

-        radix = 2;

-        i += 2;

-      }

-      else if (radix == 0)

-      {

-        c_style = true;

-        radix = 8;

-        i += 1;

-      }

-    }

-    if (radix == 0)

-      radix = 10;

-    if (c_style)

-    {

-      // the C style formats are bit patterns not integer values - these need

-      // to be sign-extended to get the right value

-      std::string binary;

-      if (radix == 2)

-      {

-        for (unsigned j = i; j < str.size(); j++)

-        {

-          switch(str[j])

-          {

-          case '0':

-            binary += '0';

-            break;

-          case '1':

-            binary += '1';

-            break;

-          default:

-            throw std::invalid_argument("invalid binary character in string " + str);

-          }

-        }

-      }

-      else if (radix == 8)

-      {

-        for (unsigned j = i; j < str.size(); j++)

-        {

-          switch(str[j])

-          {

-          case '0':

-            binary += "000";

-            break;

-          case '1':

-            binary += "001";

-            break;

-          case '2':

-            binary += "010";

-            break;

-          case '3':

-            binary += "011";

-            break;

-          case '4':

-            binary += "100";

-            break;

-          case '5':

-            binary += "101";

-            break;

-          case '6':

-            binary += "110";

-            break;

-          case '7':

-            binary += "111";

-            break;

-          default:

-            throw std::invalid_argument("invalid octal character in string " + str);

-          }

-        }

-      }

-      else

-      {

-        for (unsigned j = i; j < str.size(); j++)

-        {

-          switch(tolower(str[j]))

-          {

-          case '0':

-            binary += "0000";

-            break;

-          case '1':

-            binary += "0001";

-            break;

-          case '2':

-            binary += "0010";

-            break;

-          case '3':

-            binary += "0011";

-            break;

-          case '4':

-            binary += "0100";

-            break;

-          case '5':

-            binary += "0101";

-            break;

-          case '6':

-            binary += "0110";

-            break;

-          case '7':

-            binary += "0111";

-            break;

-          case '8':

-            binary += "1000";

-            break;

-          case '9':

-            binary += "1001";

-            break;

-          case 'a':

-            binary += "1010";

-            break;

-          case 'b':

-            binary += "1011";

-            break;

-          case 'c':

-            binary += "1100";

-            break;

-          case 'd':

-            binary += "1101";

-            break;

-          case 'e':

-            binary += "1110";

-            break;

-          case 'f':

-            binary += "1111";

-            break;

-          default:

-            throw std::invalid_argument("invalid hex character in string " + str);

-          }

-        }

-      }

-      // now convert the value

-      result.resize(binary.size());

-      for (unsigned j = 0; j < binary.size(); j++)

-        result.preset(binary.size() - j - 1, binary[j] == '1');

-    }

-    else

-    {

-      // sign-magnitude representation

-      // now scan for a sign and find whether this is a negative number

-      bool negative = false;

-      if (i < str.size())

-      {

-        switch (str[i])

-        {

-        case '-':

-          negative = true;

-          i++;

-          break;

-        case '+':

-          i++;

-          break;

-        }

-      }

-      for (; i < str.size(); i++)

-      {

-        result *= inf(radix);

-        unsigned char ascii = (unsigned char)str[i];

-        int ch = from_char[ascii] ;

-        if (ch == -1)

-          throw std::invalid_argument("invalid decimal character in string " + str);

-        result += inf(ch);

-      }

-      if (negative)

-        result.negate();

-    }

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // constructors - mostly implemented in terms of the assignment operators

-

-  inf::inf(void)

-  {

-    // void constructor initialises to zero - represented as a single-byte value containing zero

-    m_data.append(1,std::string::value_type(0));

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(short r)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(unsigned short r)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(int r)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(unsigned r)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(long r)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(unsigned long r)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf (const std::string& r) throw(std::invalid_argument)

-  {

-    operator=(r);

-  }

-

-  inf::inf(const inf& r)

-  {

-#ifdef __BORLANDC__

-    // work round bug in Borland compiler - copy constructor fails if string

-    // contains null characters, so do my own copy

-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < r.m_data.size(); i++)

-      m_data += r.m_data[i];

-#else

-    m_data = r.m_data;

-#endif

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-  inf::~inf(void)

-  {

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // assignments convert from iteger types to internal representation

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (short r)

-  {

-    convert_from_signed(r, m_data);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (unsigned short r)

-  {

-    convert_from_unsigned(r, m_data);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (int r)

-  {

-    convert_from_signed(r, m_data);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (unsigned r)

-  {

-    convert_from_unsigned(r, m_data);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (long r)

-  {

-    convert_from_signed(r, m_data);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (unsigned long r)

-  {

-    convert_from_unsigned(r, m_data);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (const std::string& r) throw(std::invalid_argument)

-  {

-    convert_from_string(r, *this);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator = (const inf& r)

-  {

-    m_data = r.m_data;

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-  short inf::to_short(bool truncate) const throw(std::overflow_error)

-  {

-    short result = 0;

-    if (!convert_to_signed(m_data, result))

-      if (!truncate)

-        throw std::overflow_error("stlplus::inf::to_short");

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  unsigned short inf::to_unsigned_short(bool truncate) const throw(std::overflow_error)

-  {

-    unsigned short result = 0;

-    if (!convert_to_unsigned(m_data, result))

-      if (!truncate)

-        throw std::overflow_error("stlplus::inf::to_unsigned_short");

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  int inf::to_int(bool truncate) const throw(std::overflow_error)

-  {

-    int result = 0;

-    if (!convert_to_signed(m_data, result))

-      if (!truncate)

-        throw std::overflow_error("stlplus::inf::to_int");

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  unsigned inf::to_unsigned(bool truncate) const throw(std::overflow_error)

-  {

-    unsigned result = 0;

-    if (!convert_to_unsigned(m_data, result))

-      if (!truncate)

-        throw std::overflow_error("stlplus::inf::to_unsigned");

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  long inf::to_long(bool truncate) const throw(std::overflow_error)

-  {

-    long result = 0;

-    if (!convert_to_signed(m_data, result))

-      if (!truncate)

-        throw std::overflow_error("stlplus::inf::to_long");

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  unsigned long inf::to_unsigned_long(bool truncate) const throw(std::overflow_error)

-  {

-    unsigned long result = 0;

-    if (!convert_to_unsigned(m_data, result))

-      if (!truncate)

-        throw std::overflow_error("stlplus::inf::to_unsigned_long");

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // resize the inf regardless of the data

-

-  void inf::resize(unsigned bits)

-  {

-    if (bits == 0) bits = 1;

-    unsigned bytes = (bits+7)/8;

-    byte extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    while(bytes > m_data.size())

-      m_data.append(1,extend);

-  }

-

-  // reduce the bit count to the minimum needed to preserve the value

-

-  void inf::reduce(void)

-  {

-    reduce_string(m_data);

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // the number of significant bits in the number

-

-  unsigned inf::bits (void) const

-  {

-    // The number of significant bits in the integer value - this is the number

-    // of indexable bits less any redundant sign bits at the msb

-    // This does not assume that the inf has been reduced to its minimum form

-    unsigned result = indexable_bits();

-    bool sign = bit(result-1);

-    while (result > 1 && (sign == bit(result-2)))

-      result--;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  unsigned inf::size(void) const

-  {

-    return bits();

-  }

-

-  unsigned inf::indexable_bits (void) const

-  {

-    return 8 * unsigned(m_data.size());

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // bitwise operations

-

-  bool inf::bit (unsigned index) const throw(std::out_of_range)

-  {

-    if (index >= indexable_bits())

-      throw std::out_of_range(std::string("stlplus::inf::bit"));

-    // first split the offset into byte offset and bit offset

-    unsigned byte_offset = index/8;

-    unsigned bit_offset = index%8;

-    return (byte(m_data[byte_offset]) & (byte(1) << bit_offset)) != 0;

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator [] (unsigned index) const throw(std::out_of_range)

-  {

-    return bit(index);

-  }

-

-  void inf::set (unsigned index)  throw(std::out_of_range)

-  {

-    if (index >= indexable_bits())

-      throw std::out_of_range(std::string("stlplus::inf::set"));

-    // first split the offset into byte offset and bit offset

-    unsigned byte_offset = index/8;

-    unsigned bit_offset = index%8;

-    m_data[byte_offset] |= (byte(1) << bit_offset);

-  }

-

-  void inf::clear (unsigned index)  throw(std::out_of_range)

-  {

-    if (index >= indexable_bits())

-      throw std::out_of_range(std::string("stlplus::inf::clear"));

-    // first split the offset into byte offset and bit offset

-    unsigned byte_offset = index/8;

-    unsigned bit_offset = index%8;

-    m_data[byte_offset] &= (~(byte(1) << bit_offset));

-  }

-

-  void inf::preset (unsigned index, bool value)  throw(std::out_of_range)

-  {

-    if (value)

-      set(index);

-    else

-      clear(index);

-  }

-

-  inf inf::slice(unsigned low, unsigned high) const throw(std::out_of_range)

-  {

-    if (low >= indexable_bits())

-      throw std::out_of_range(std::string("stlplus::inf::slice: low index"));

-    if (high >= indexable_bits())

-      throw std::out_of_range(std::string("stlplus::inf::slice: high index"));

-    inf result;

-    if (high >= low)

-    {

-      // create a result the right size and filled with sign bits

-      std::string::size_type result_size = (high-low+1+7)/8;

-      result.m_data.erase();

-      byte extend = bit(high) ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-      while (result.m_data.size() < result_size)

-        result.m_data.append(1,extend);

-      // now set the relevant bits

-      for (unsigned i = low; i <= high; i++)

-        result.preset(i-low, bit(i));

-    }

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // testing operations

-

-  bool inf::negative (void) const

-  {

-    return bit(indexable_bits()-1);

-  }

-

-  bool inf::natural (void) const

-  {

-    return !negative();

-  }

-

-  bool inf::positive (void) const

-  {

-    return natural() && !zero();

-  }

-

-  bool inf::zero (void) const

-  {

-    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < m_data.size(); i++)

-      if (m_data[i] != 0)

-        return false;

-    return true;

-  }

-

-  bool inf::non_zero (void) const

-  {

-    return !zero();

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator ! (void) const

-  {

-    return zero();

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // comparison operators

-

-  bool inf::operator == (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    // Two infs are equal if they are numerically equal, even if they are

-    // different sizes (i.e. they could be non-reduced values).

-    // This makes life a little more complicated than if I could assume that values were reduced.

-    byte l_extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    byte r_extend = r.negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    std::string::size_type bytes = maximum(m_data.size(),r.m_data.size());

-    for (std::string::size_type i = bytes; i--; )

-    {

-      byte l_byte = (i < m_data.size() ? byte(m_data[i]) : l_extend);

-      byte r_byte = (i < r.m_data.size() ? byte(r.m_data[i]) : r_extend);

-      if (l_byte != r_byte)

-        return false;

-    }

-    return true;

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator != (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    return !operator==(r);

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator < (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    // This could be implemented in terms of subtraction. However, it can be

-    // simplified since there is no need to calculate the accurate difference,

-    // just the direction of the difference. I compare from msB down and as

-    // soon as a byte difference is found, that defines the ordering. The

-    // problem is that in 2's-complement, all negative values are greater than

-    // all natural values if you just do a straight unsigned comparison. I

-    // handle this by doing a preliminary test for different signs.

-

-    // For example, a 3-bit signed type has the coding:

-    // 000 = 0

-    // ...

-    // 011 = 3

-    // 100 = -4

-    // ...

-    // 111 = -1

-

-    // So, for natural values, the ordering of the integer values is the

-    // ordering of the bit patterns. Similarly, for negative values, the

-    // ordering of the integer values is the ordering of the bit patterns

-    // However, the bit patterns for the negative values are *greater than*

-    // the natural values. This is a side-effect of the naffness of

-    // 2's-complement representation

-

-    // first handle the case of comparing two values with different signs

-    bool l_sign = negative();

-    bool r_sign = r.negative();

-    if (l_sign != r_sign)

-    {

-      // one argument must be negative and the other natural

-      // the left is less if it is the negative one

-      return l_sign;

-    }

-    // the arguments are the same sign

-    // so the ordering is a simple unsigned byte-by-byte comparison

-    // However, this is complicated by the possibility that the values could be different lengths

-    byte l_extend = l_sign ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    byte r_extend = r_sign ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    std::string::size_type bytes = maximum(m_data.size(),r.m_data.size());

-    for (std::string::size_type i = bytes; i--; )

-    {

-      byte l_byte = (i < m_data.size() ? byte(m_data[i]) : l_extend);

-      byte r_byte = (i < r.m_data.size() ? byte(r.m_data[i]) : r_extend);

-      if (l_byte != r_byte)

-        return l_byte < r_byte;

-    }

-    // if I get here, the two are equal, so that is not less-than

-    return false;

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator <= (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    return !(r < *this);

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator > (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    return r < *this;

-  }

-

-  bool inf::operator >= (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    return !(*this < r);

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // logical operators

-

-  inf& inf::invert (void)

-  {

-    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < m_data.size(); i++)

-      m_data[i] = ~m_data[i];

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator ~ (void) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result.invert();

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator &= (const inf& r)

-  {

-    // bitwise AND is extended to the length of the largest argument

-    byte l_extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    byte r_extend = r.negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    std::string::size_type bytes = maximum(m_data.size(),r.m_data.size());

-    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < bytes; i++)

-    {

-      byte l_byte = (i < m_data.size() ? byte(m_data[i]) : l_extend);

-      byte r_byte = (i < r.m_data.size() ? byte(r.m_data[i]) : r_extend);

-      byte result = l_byte & r_byte;

-      if (i < m_data.size())

-        m_data[i] = result;

-      else

-        m_data.append(1,result);

-    }

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator & (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result &= r;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator |= (const inf& r)

-  {

-    // bitwise OR is extended to the length of the largest argument

-    byte l_extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    byte r_extend = r.negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    std::string::size_type bytes = maximum(m_data.size(),r.m_data.size());

-    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < bytes; i++)

-    {

-      byte l_byte = (i < m_data.size() ? byte(m_data[i]) : l_extend);

-      byte r_byte = (i < r.m_data.size() ? byte(r.m_data[i]) : r_extend);

-      byte result = l_byte | r_byte;

-      if (i < m_data.size())

-        m_data[i] = result;

-      else

-        m_data.append(1,result);

-    }

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator | (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result |= r;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator ^= (const inf& r)

-  {

-    // bitwise XOR is extended to the length of the largest argument

-    byte l_extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    byte r_extend = r.negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    std::string::size_type bytes = maximum(m_data.size(),r.m_data.size());

-    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < bytes; i++)

-    {

-      byte l_byte = (i < m_data.size() ? byte(m_data[i]) : l_extend);

-      byte r_byte = (i < r.m_data.size() ? byte(r.m_data[i]) : r_extend);

-      byte result = l_byte ^ r_byte;

-      if (i < m_data.size())

-        m_data[i] = result;

-      else

-        m_data.append(1,result);

-    }

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator ^ (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result ^= r;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // shift operators all preserve the value by increasing the word size

-

-  inf& inf::operator <<= (unsigned shift)

-  {

-    // left shift is a shift towards the msb, with 0s being shifted in at the lsb

-    // split this into a byte shift followed by a bit shift

-

-    // first expand the value to be big enough for the result

-    std::string::size_type new_size = (indexable_bits() + shift + 7) / 8;

-    byte extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    while (m_data.size() < new_size)

-      m_data.append(1,extend);

-    // now do the byte shift

-    unsigned byte_shift = shift/8;

-    if (byte_shift > 0)

-    {

-      for (std::string::size_type b = new_size; b--; )

-        m_data[b] = (b >= byte_shift) ? m_data[b-byte_shift] : byte(0);

-    }

-    // and finally the bit shift

-    unsigned bit_shift = shift%8;

-    if (bit_shift > 0)

-    {

-      for (std::string::size_type b = new_size; b--; )

-      {

-        byte current = byte(m_data[b]);

-        byte previous = b > 0 ? m_data[b-1] : byte(0);

-        m_data[b] = (current << bit_shift) | (previous >> (8 - bit_shift));

-      }

-    }

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator << (unsigned shift) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result <<= shift;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator >>= (unsigned shift)

-  {

-    // right shift is a shift towards the lsb, with sign bits being shifted in at the msb

-    // split this into a byte shift followed by a bit shift

-

-    // a byte of sign bits

-    byte extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    // do the byte shift

-    unsigned byte_shift = shift/8;

-    if (byte_shift > 0)

-    {

-      for (std::string::size_type b = 0; b < m_data.size(); b++)

-        m_data[b] = (b + byte_shift < m_data.size()) ? m_data[b+byte_shift] : extend;

-    }

-    // and finally the bit shift

-    unsigned bit_shift = shift%8;

-    if (bit_shift > 0)

-    {

-      for (std::string::size_type b = 0; b < m_data.size(); b++)

-      {

-        byte current = byte(m_data[b]);

-        byte next = ((b+1) < m_data.size()) ? m_data[b+1] : extend;

-        byte shifted = (current >> bit_shift) | (next << (8 - bit_shift));

-        m_data[b] = shifted;

-      }

-    }

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator >> (unsigned shift) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result >>= shift;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // negation operators

-

-  inf& inf::negate (void)

-  {

-    // do 2's-complement negation

-    // equivalent to inversion plus one

-    invert();

-    operator += (inf(1));

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator - (void) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result.negate();

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::abs(void)

-  {

-    if (negative()) negate();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf abs(const inf& i)

-  {

-    inf result = i;

-    result.abs();

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // addition operators

-

-  inf& inf::operator += (const inf& r)

-  {

-    // do 2's-complement addition

-    // Note that the addition can give a result that is larger than either argument

-    byte carry = 0;

-    std::string::size_type max_size = maximum(m_data.size(),r.m_data.size());

-    byte l_extend = negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    byte r_extend = r.negative() ? byte(255) : byte (0);

-    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i < max_size; i++)

-    {

-      byte l_byte = (i < m_data.size() ? byte(m_data[i]) : l_extend);

-      byte r_byte = (i < r.m_data.size() ? byte(r.m_data[i]) : r_extend);

-      // calculate the addition in a type that is bigger than a byte in order to catch the carry-out

-      unsigned short result = ((unsigned short)(l_byte)) + ((unsigned short)(r_byte)) + carry;

-      // now truncate the result to get the lsB

-      if (i < m_data.size())

-        m_data[i] = byte(result);

-      else

-        m_data.append(1,byte(result));

-      // and capture the carry out by grabbing the second byte of the result

-      carry = byte(result >> 8);

-    }

-    // if the result overflowed or underflowed, add an extra byte to catch it

-    unsigned short result = ((unsigned short)(l_extend)) + ((unsigned short)(r_extend)) + carry;

-    if (byte(result) != (negative() ? byte(255) : byte(0)))

-      m_data.append(1,byte(result));

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator + (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result += r;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // subtraction operators

-

-  inf& inf::operator -= (const inf& r)

-  {

-    // subtraction is defined in terms of negation and addition

-    inf negated = -r;

-    operator += (negated);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator - (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result -= r;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // multiplication operators

-

-  inf& inf::operator *= (const inf& r)

-  {

-    // 2's complement multiplication

-    // one day I'll do a more efficient version than this based on the underlying representation

-    inf left(*this);

-    inf right = r;

-    // make the right value natural but preserve its sign for later

-    bool right_negative = right.negative();

-    right.abs();

-    // implemented as a series of conditional additions

-    operator = (0);

-    //  left.resize(right.bits() + left.bits() - 1);

-    left <<= right.bits()-1;

-    for (unsigned i = right.bits(); i--; )

-    {

-      if (right[i]) 

-        operator += (left);

-      left >>= 1;

-    }

-    if (right_negative)

-      negate();

-    // now reduce the result

-    reduce();

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator * (const inf& r) const

-  {

-    inf result(*this);

-    result *= r;

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // division and remainder operators

-

-  std::pair<inf,inf> inf::divide(const inf& right) const throw(divide_by_zero)

-  {

-    if (right.zero())

-      throw divide_by_zero("stlplus::inf::divide");

-    inf numerator(*this);

-    inf denominator = right;

-    // make the numerator natural but preserve the sign for later

-    bool numerator_negative = numerator.negative();

-    numerator.abs();

-    // same with the denominator

-    bool denominator_negative = denominator.negative();

-    denominator.abs();

-    // the quotient and remainder will form the result

-    // start with the quotiont zero and the remainder equal to the whole of the

-    // numerator, then do trial subtraction from this

-    inf quotient;

-    inf remainder = numerator;

-    // there's nothing more to do if the numerator is smaller than the denominator

-    // but otherwise do the division

-    if (numerator.bits() >= denominator.bits())

-    {

-      // make the quotient big enough to take the result

-      quotient.resize(numerator.bits());

-      // start with the numerator shifted to the far left

-      unsigned shift = numerator.bits() - denominator.bits();

-      denominator <<= shift;

-      // do the division by repeated subtraction, 

-      for (unsigned i = shift+1; i--; )

-      {

-        if (remainder >= denominator)

-        {

-          remainder -= denominator;

-          quotient.set(i);

-        }

-        denominator >>= 1;

-      }

-    }

-    // now adjust the signs 

-    // x/(-y) == (-x)/y == -(x/y)

-    if (numerator_negative != denominator_negative)

-      quotient.negate();

-    quotient.reduce();

-    // x%(-y) == x%y and (-x)%y == -(x%y)

-    if (numerator_negative)

-      remainder.negate();

-    remainder.reduce();

-    return std::pair<inf,inf>(quotient,remainder);

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator /= (const inf& r) throw(divide_by_zero)

-  {

-    std::pair<inf,inf> result = divide(r);

-    operator=(result.first);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator / (const inf& r) const throw(divide_by_zero)

-  {

-    std::pair<inf,inf> result = divide(r);

-    return result.first;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator %= (const inf& r) throw(divide_by_zero)

-  {

-    std::pair<inf,inf> result = divide(r);

-    operator=(result.second);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator % (const inf& r) const throw(divide_by_zero)

-  {

-    std::pair<inf,inf> result = divide(r);

-    return result.second;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // prefix (void) and postfix (int) operators

-

-  inf& inf::operator ++ (void)

-  {

-    operator += (inf(1));

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator ++ (int)

-  {

-    inf old(*this);

-    operator += (inf(1));

-    return old;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::operator -- (void)

-  {

-    operator -= (inf(1));

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  inf inf::operator -- (int)

-  {

-    inf old(*this);

-    operator -= (inf(1));

-    return old;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // string representation and I/O routines

-

-  std::string inf::to_string(unsigned radix) const

-    throw(std::invalid_argument)

-  {

-    std::string result;

-    convert_to_string(*this, result, radix);

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  inf& inf::from_string(const std::string& value, unsigned radix)

-    throw(std::invalid_argument)

-  {

-    convert_from_string(value, *this, radix);

-    return *this;

-  }

-

-  std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& str, const inf& i)

-  {

-    try

-    {

-      // get radix

-      unsigned radix = 10;

-      if (str.flags() & std::ios_base::oct)

-        radix = 8;

-      if (str.flags() & std::ios_base::hex)

-        radix = 16;

-      // the field width is handled by iostream, so I don't need to handle it as well

-      // generate the string representation then print it

-      str << i.to_string(radix);

-    }

-    catch(const std::invalid_argument)

-    {

-      str.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit);

-    }

-    return str;

-  }

-

-  std::istream& operator >> (std::istream& str, inf& i)

-  {

-    try

-    {

-      // get radix

-      unsigned radix = 10;

-      if (str.flags() & std::ios_base::oct)

-        radix = 8;

-      if (str.flags() & std::ios_base::hex)

-        radix = 16;

-      // now get the string image of the value

-      std::string image;

-      str >> image;

-      // and convert to inf

-      i.from_string(image, radix);

-    }

-    catch(const std::invalid_argument)

-    {

-      str.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit);

-    }

-    return str;

-  }

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // diagnostic dump

-  // just convert to hex

-

-  std::string inf::image_debug(void) const

-  {

-    // create this dump in the human-readable form, i.e. msB to the left

-    std::string result = "0x";

-    for (std::string::size_type i = m_data.size(); i--; )

-    {

-      byte current = m_data[i];

-      byte msB = (current & byte(0xf0)) >> 4;

-      result += to_char[msB];

-      byte lsB = (current & byte(0x0f));

-      result += to_char[lsB];

-    }

-    return result;

-  }

-

-  const std::string& inf::get_bytes(void) const

-  {

-    return m_data;

-  }

-

-  void inf::set_bytes(const std::string& data)

-  {

-    m_data = data;

-  }

-

-} // end namespace stlplus

diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/inf.hpp b/src/tool/moneycount/inf.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f28541a..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/inf.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STLPLUS_INF

-#define STLPLUS_INF

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-//   Author:    Andy Rushton

-//   Copyright: (c) Southampton University 1999-2004

-//              (c) Andy Rushton           2004-2009

-//   License:   BSD License, see ../docs/license.html

-

-//   An infinite-precision integer class. This allows calculations on large

-//   integers to be performed without overflow.

-

-//   this class can throw the following exceptions:

-//     std::out_of_range

-//     std::overflow_error

-//     std::invalid_argument

-//     stlplus::divide_by_zero    // why doesn't std have this?

-//   all of these are derivations of the baseclass:

-//     std::logic_error

-//   So you can catch all of them by catching the baseclass

-

-//   Warning: inf was never intended to be fast, it is just for programs which

-//   need a bit of infinite-precision integer arithmetic. For high-performance

-//   processing, use the Gnu Multi-Precision (GMP) library. The inf type is just

-//   easier to integrate and is already ported to all platforms and compilers

-//   that STLplus is ported to.

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-#include "portability_fixes.hpp"

-#include "portability_exceptions.hpp"

-#include <string>

-#include <iostream>

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-namespace stlplus

-{

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-  class inf

-  {

-  public:

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // constructors and assignments initialise the inf

-

-    // the void constructor initialises to zero, the others initialise to the

-    // value of the C integer type or the text value contained in the string

-

-    inf(void);

-    explicit inf(short);

-    explicit inf(unsigned short);

-    explicit inf(int);

-    explicit inf(unsigned);

-    explicit inf(long);

-    explicit inf(unsigned long);

-    explicit inf(const std::string&) throw(std::invalid_argument);

-    inf(const inf&);

-

-    ~inf(void);

-

-    // assignments with equivalent behaviour to the constructors

-

-    inf& operator = (short);

-    inf& operator = (unsigned short);

-    inf& operator = (int);

-    inf& operator = (unsigned);

-    inf& operator = (long);

-    inf& operator = (unsigned long);

-    inf& operator = (const std::string&) throw(std::invalid_argument);

-    inf& operator = (const inf&);

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // conversions back to the C types

-    // truncate: controls the behaviour when the value is too long for the result

-    //           true: truncate the value

-    //           false: throw an exception

-

-    short to_short(bool truncate = true) const throw(std::overflow_error);

-    unsigned short to_unsigned_short(bool truncate = true) const throw(std::overflow_error);

-

-    int to_int(bool truncate = true) const throw(std::overflow_error);

-    unsigned to_unsigned(bool truncate = true) const throw(std::overflow_error);

-

-    long to_long(bool truncate = true) const throw(std::overflow_error);

-    unsigned long to_unsigned_long(bool truncate = true) const throw(std::overflow_error);

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // bitwise manipulation

-

-    void resize(unsigned bits);

-    void reduce(void);

-

-    // the number of significant bits in the value

-    unsigned bits (void) const;

-    unsigned size (void) const;

-

-    // the number of bits that can be accessed by the bit() method (=bits() rounded up to the next byte)

-    unsigned indexable_bits(void) const;

-

-    bool bit (unsigned index) const throw(std::out_of_range);

-    bool operator [] (unsigned index) const throw(std::out_of_range);

-

-    void set (unsigned index) throw(std::out_of_range);

-    void clear (unsigned index) throw(std::out_of_range);

-    void preset (unsigned index, bool value) throw(std::out_of_range);

-

-    inf slice(unsigned low, unsigned high) const throw(std::out_of_range);

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // tests for common values or ranges

-

-    bool negative (void) const;

-    bool natural (void) const;

-    bool positive (void) const;

-    bool zero (void) const;

-    bool non_zero (void) const;

-

-    // tests used in if(i) and if(!i)

-//  operator bool (void) const;

-    bool operator ! (void) const;

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // comparisons

-

-    bool operator == (const inf&) const;

-    bool operator != (const inf&) const;

-    bool operator < (const inf&) const;

-    bool operator <= (const inf&) const;

-    bool operator > (const inf&) const;

-    bool operator >= (const inf&) const;

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // bitwise logic operations

-

-    inf& invert (void);

-    inf operator ~ (void) const;

-

-    inf& operator &= (const inf&);

-    inf operator & (const inf&) const;

-

-    inf& operator |= (const inf&);

-    inf operator | (const inf&) const;

-

-    inf& operator ^= (const inf&);

-    inf operator ^ (const inf&) const;

-

-    inf& operator <<= (unsigned shift);

-    inf operator << (unsigned shift) const;

-

-    inf& operator >>= (unsigned shift);

-    inf operator >> (unsigned shift) const;

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // arithmetic operations

-

-    inf& negate (void);

-    inf operator - (void) const;

-

-    inf& abs(void);

-    friend inf abs(const inf&);

-

-    inf& operator += (const inf&);

-    inf operator + (const inf&) const;

-

-    inf& operator -= (const inf&);

-    inf operator - (const inf&) const;

-

-    inf& operator *= (const inf&);

-    inf operator * (const inf&) const;

-

-    inf& operator /= (const inf&) throw(divide_by_zero);

-    inf operator / (const inf&) const throw(divide_by_zero);

-

-    inf& operator %= (const inf&) throw(divide_by_zero);

-    inf operator % (const inf&) const throw(divide_by_zero);

-

-    // combined division operator - returns the result pair(quotient,remainder) in one go

-    std::pair<inf,inf> divide(const inf&) const throw(divide_by_zero);

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // pre- and post- increment and decrement

-

-    inf& operator ++ (void);

-    inf operator ++ (int);

-    inf& operator -- (void);

-    inf operator -- (int);

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-    // string representation and I/O

-

-    std::string image_debug(void) const;

-

-    // conversion to a string representation

-    // radix must be 10, 2, 8 or 16

-    std::string to_string(unsigned radix = 10) const

-      throw(std::invalid_argument);

-

-    // conversion from a string

-    // radix == 0 - radix is deduced from the input - assumed 10 unless number is prefixed by 0b, 0 or 0x

-    // however, you can specify the radix to be 10, 2, 8 or 16 to force that interpretation

-    inf& from_string(const std::string&, unsigned radix = 0)

-      throw(std::invalid_argument);

-

-    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  private:

-    std::string m_data;

-  public:

-    const std::string& get_bytes(void) const;

-    void set_bytes(const std::string&);

-  };

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // redefine friends for gcc v4.1

-

-  inf abs(const inf&);

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-  std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream&, const inf&);

-  std::istream& operator >> (std::istream&, inf&);

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-} // end namespace stlplus

-

-#endif

diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/main.cpp b/src/tool/moneycount/main.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2c3d56c..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/main.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <vector>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cmath>
-
-#include "mmo.hpp"
-#include "athena_text.hpp"
-#include "inf.hpp"
-
-#define ATHENA_FILE "save/athena.txt"
-#define ACCREG_FILE "save/accreg.txt"
-
-std::vector<int> values;
-
-void countAthena()
-{
-    int total = 0;
-    std::string input;
-    std::ifstream fp(ATHENA_FILE);
-    char *buffer = new char[65536];
-
-    while (fp.good())
-    {
-        std::getline(fp,input);
-        mmo_charstatus *thisChar = new struct mmo_charstatus;
-
-        strcpy(buffer,input.c_str());
-
-        if (mmo_char_fromstr(buffer, thisChar))
-        {
-            total++;
-            values.push_back(thisChar->zeny);
-        }
-
-        delete thisChar;
-    }
-
-
-    std::cout << "Parsed a total of " << total << " lines in " << ATHENA_FILE << std::endl << std::endl;
-
-    delete [] buffer;
-    fp.close();
-}
-
-void countAccReg()
-{
-     int total = 0;
-     std::ifstream fp(ACCREG_FILE);
-     char *buffer = new char[65536];
-     while (fp.good())
-     {
-         std::string line;
-         std::getline(fp, line);
-         struct accreg *reg = new struct accreg;
-
-         strcpy(buffer, line.c_str());
-
-         if (accreg_fromstr(buffer, reg))
-         {
-            total++;
-            for (int i = 0; i < reg->reg_num; i++)
-            {
-                if (strcmp(reg->reg[i].str,"#BankAccount") == 0)
-                {
-                    values.push_back(reg->reg[i].value);
-                }
-            }
-         }
-
-         delete reg;
-     }
-
-     std::cout << "Parsed a total of " << total << " lines in " << ACCREG_FILE << std::endl << std::endl;
-
-     delete [] buffer;
-     fp.close();
-}
-
-stlplus::inf stdDevTotal(0);
-stlplus::inf sum(0);
-stlplus::inf mean(0);
-
-bool lessthan (int i,int j) { return (i<j); }
-void findstddev(int i) { stdDevTotal += stlplus::inf((stlplus::inf(i) - mean) * (stlplus::inf(i) - mean)); }
-void findSum(int i) { sum += stlplus::inf(i); }
-
-stlplus::inf infsqrt(stlplus::inf &x)
-{
-    stlplus::inf old(x);
-    stlplus::inf newv(x / stlplus::inf(2));
-    while (old - newv > stlplus::inf(1))
-    {
-        old = newv;
-        newv = old - (old * old - x) / (stlplus::inf(2) * old);
-    }
-    return newv;
-}
-
-
-void showStats()
-{
-    // Reset globals
-    sum = 0;
-    mean = 0;
-    stdDevTotal = 0;
-
-    std::sort(values.begin(), values.end(), lessthan);
-    std::for_each(values.begin(), values.end(), findSum);
-
-    stlplus::inf total(sum);
-    stlplus::inf count(values.size());
-    stlplus::inf mean(total / count);
-
-    std::for_each(values.begin(), values.end(), findstddev);
-
-    int a4th = stlplus::inf(count / stlplus::inf(4)).to_int();
-    int a10th = stlplus::inf(count / stlplus::inf(10)).to_int();
-
-    int lower = values[0],
-
-        t1 = values[a10th * 1],
-        t2 = values[a10th * 2],
-
-        q1 = values[a4th * 1],
-
-        t3 = values[a10th * 3],
-        t4 = values[a10th * 4],
-
-        median = values[a4th * 2],
-
-        t6 = values[a10th * 6],
-        t7 = values[a10th * 7],
-
-        q3 = values[a4th * 3],
-
-        t8 = values[a10th * 8],
-        t9 = values[a10th * 9],
-
-        upper = values[count.to_int() - 1];
-
-    stlplus::inf variance(stdDevTotal / count);
-
-    std::cout << "Sum = " << total
-              << "\nCount = " << count
-              << "\nMean = " << mean
-              << "\nSimple Variance = " << variance
-              << "\nStandard Deviation = " << infsqrt(variance)
-              << "\nLower bound = " << lower
-              << "\n10th Percentile = " << t1
-              << "\n20th Percentile  = " << t2
-              << "\nQ1 = " << q1
-              << "\n30th Percentile = " << t3
-              << "\n40th Percentile = " << t4
-              << "\nMedian = " << median
-              << "\n60th Percentile = " << t6
-              << "\n70th Percentile = " << t7
-              << "\nQ3 = " << q3
-              << "\n80th Percentile = " << t8
-              << "\n90th Percentile = " << t9
-              << "\nUpper bound = " << upper << std::endl << std::endl;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-    countAthena();
-    std::cout << "The stats for player held money is:" << std::endl;
-    showStats();
-    values.clear();
-
-    countAccReg();
-    std::cout << "The stats for bank held money is:" << std::endl;
-    showStats();
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/mmo.hpp b/src/tool/moneycount/mmo.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index beb29c5..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/mmo.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,309 +0,0 @@
-// $Id: mmo.h,v 1.3 2004/09/25 20:12:25 PoW Exp $
-// Original : mmo.h 2003/03/14 12:07:02 Rev.1.7
-
-#ifndef MMO_HPP
-#define MMO_HPP
-
-#include <time.h>
-
-#define FIFOSIZE_SERVERLINK	256*1024
-
-// set to 0 to not check IP of player between each server.
-// set to another value if you want to check (1)
-#define CMP_AUTHFIFO_IP 1
-
-#define CMP_AUTHFIFO_LOGIN2 1
-
-#define MAX_MAP_PER_SERVER 512
-#define MAX_INVENTORY 100
-#define MAX_AMOUNT 30000
-#define MAX_ZENY 1000000000     // 1G zeny
-#define MAX_CART 100
-#define MAX_SKILL 450
-#define GLOBAL_REG_NUM 96
-#define ACCOUNT_REG_NUM 16
-#define ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM 16
-#define DEFAULT_WALK_SPEED 150
-#define MIN_WALK_SPEED 0
-#define MAX_WALK_SPEED 1000
-#define MAX_STORAGE 300
-#define MAX_GUILD_STORAGE 1000
-#define MAX_PARTY 12
-#define MAX_GUILD 120            // increased max guild members to accomodate for +2 increase for extension levels [Valaris] (removed) [PoW]
-#define MAX_GUILDPOSITION 20    // increased max guild positions to accomodate for all members [Valaris] (removed) [PoW]
-#define MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION 32
-#define MAX_GUILDALLIANCE 16
-#define MAX_GUILDSKILL	8
-#define MAX_GUILDCASTLE 24      // increased to include novice castles [Valaris]
-#define MAX_GUILDLEVEL 50
-
-#define MIN_HAIR_STYLE battle_config.min_hair_style
-#define MAX_HAIR_STYLE battle_config.max_hair_style
-#define MIN_HAIR_COLOR battle_config.min_hair_color
-#define MAX_HAIR_COLOR battle_config.max_hair_color
-#define MIN_CLOTH_COLOR battle_config.min_cloth_color
-#define MAX_CLOTH_COLOR battle_config.max_cloth_color
-
-// for produce
-#define MIN_ATTRIBUTE 0
-#define MAX_ATTRIBUTE 4
-#define ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL 0
-#define MIN_STAR 0
-#define MAX_STAR 3
-
-#define MIN_PORTAL_MEMO 0
-#define MAX_PORTAL_MEMO 2
-
-#define MAX_STATUS_TYPE 5
-
-#define CHAR_CONF_NAME  "conf/char_athena.conf"
-
-struct account
-{
-    int account_id;
-    char name[50];
-    char password[50];
-    char lastlogin[50];
-    char sex;
-    int num_logins;
-    int state;
-    char email[50];
-    char error_message[50];
-    long valitidy_time;
-    char last_ip[50];
-    char memo[50];
-    long ban_time;
-};
-
-
-struct item
-{
-    int  id;
-    short nameid;
-    short amount;
-    unsigned short equip;
-    char identify;
-    char refine;
-    char attribute;
-    short card[4];
-    short broken;
-};
-
-struct point
-{
-    char map[24];
-    short x, y;
-};
-
-struct skill
-{
-    unsigned short id, lv, flags;
-};
-
-struct global_reg
-{
-    char str[32];
-    int  value;
-};
-
-struct accreg
-{
-    int  account_id, reg_num;
-    struct global_reg reg[ACCOUNT_REG_NUM];
-};
-
-struct mmo_charstatus
-{
-    int  char_id;
-    int  account_id;
-    int  partner_id;
-
-    int  base_exp, job_exp, zeny;
-
-    short classb;
-    short status_point, skill_point;
-    int  hp, max_hp, sp, max_sp;
-    short option, karma, manner;
-    short hair, hair_color, clothes_color;
-    int  party_id, guild_id;
-
-    short weapon, shield;
-    short head_top, head_mid, head_bottom;
-
-    char name[24];
-    unsigned char base_level, job_level;
-    short str, agi, vit, int_, dex, luk;
-    unsigned char char_num, sex;
-
-    unsigned long mapip;
-    unsigned int mapport;
-
-    struct point last_point, save_point, memo_point[10];
-    struct item inventory[MAX_INVENTORY], cart[MAX_CART];
-    struct skill skill[MAX_SKILL];
-    int  global_reg_num;
-    struct global_reg global_reg[GLOBAL_REG_NUM];
-    int  account_reg_num;
-    struct global_reg account_reg[ACCOUNT_REG_NUM];
-    int  account_reg2_num;
-    struct global_reg account_reg2[ACCOUNT_REG2_NUM];
-};
-
-struct storage
-{
-    int  dirty;
-    int  account_id;
-    short storage_status;
-    short storage_amount;
-    struct item storage_[MAX_STORAGE];
-};
-
-struct guild_storage
-{
-    int  dirty;
-    int  guild_id;
-    short storage_status;
-    short storage_amount;
-    struct item storage_[MAX_GUILD_STORAGE];
-};
-
-struct map_session_data;
-
-struct gm_account
-{
-    int  account_id;
-    int  level;
-};
-
-struct party_member
-{
-    int  account_id;
-    char name[24], map[24];
-    int  leader, online, lv;
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-};
-
-struct party
-{
-    int  party_id;
-    char name[24];
-    int  exp;
-    int  item;
-    struct party_member member[MAX_PARTY];
-};
-
-struct guild_member
-{
-    int  account_id, char_id;
-    short hair, hair_color, gender, classb, lv;
-    int  exp, exp_payper;
-    short online, position;
-    int  rsv1, rsv2;
-    char name[24];
-    struct map_session_data *sd;
-};
-
-struct guild_position
-{
-    char name[24];
-    int  mode;
-    int  exp_mode;
-};
-
-struct guild_alliance
-{
-    int  opposition;
-    int  guild_id;
-    char name[24];
-};
-
-struct guild_explusion
-{
-    char name[24];
-    char mes[40];
-    char acc[40];
-    int  account_id;
-    int  rsv1, rsv2, rsv3;
-};
-
-struct guild_skill
-{
-    int  id, lv;
-};
-
-struct guild
-{
-    int  guild_id;
-    short guild_lv, connect_member, max_member, average_lv;
-    int  exp, next_exp, skill_point, castle_id;
-    char name[24], master[24];
-    struct guild_member member[MAX_GUILD];
-    struct guild_position position[MAX_GUILDPOSITION];
-    char mes1[60], mes2[120];
-    int  emblem_len, emblem_id;
-    char emblem_data[2048];
-    struct guild_alliance alliance[MAX_GUILDALLIANCE];
-    struct guild_explusion explusion[MAX_GUILDEXPLUSION];
-    struct guild_skill skill[MAX_GUILDSKILL];
-};
-
-struct guild_castle
-{
-    int  castle_id;
-    char map_name[24];
-    char castle_name[24];
-    char castle_event[24];
-    int  guild_id;
-    int  economy;
-    int  defense;
-    int  triggerE;
-    int  triggerD;
-    int  nextTime;
-    int  payTime;
-    int  createTime;
-    int  visibleC;
-    int  visibleG0;
-    int  visibleG1;
-    int  visibleG2;
-    int  visibleG3;
-    int  visibleG4;
-    int  visibleG5;
-    int  visibleG6;
-    int  visibleG7;
-    int  Ghp0;                  // added Guardian HP [Valaris]
-    int  Ghp1;
-    int  Ghp2;
-    int  Ghp3;
-    int  Ghp4;
-    int  Ghp5;
-    int  Ghp6;
-    int  Ghp7;
-    int  GID0;
-    int  GID1;
-    int  GID2;
-    int  GID3;
-    int  GID4;
-    int  GID5;
-    int  GID6;
-    int  GID7;                  // end addition [Valaris]
-};
-struct square
-{
-    int  val1[5];
-    int  val2[5];
-};
-
-enum
-{
-    GBI_EXP = 1,                // ?M???h??EXP
-    GBI_GUILDLV = 2,            // ?M???h??Lv
-    GBI_SKILLPOINT = 3,         // ?M???h?~X?L???|?C???g
-    GBI_SKILLLV = 4,            // ?M???h?X?L??Lv
-
-    GMI_POSITION = 0,           // ?????o?[???E??X
-    GMI_EXP = 1,                // ?????o?[??EXP
-
-};
-
-#endif // MMO_HPP
-
diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/portability_exceptions.hpp b/src/tool/moneycount/portability_exceptions.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c66b7bf..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/portability_exceptions.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STLPLUS_PORTABILITY_EXCEPTIONS

-#define STLPLUS_PORTABILITY_EXCEPTIONS

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-//   Author:    Andy Rushton

-//   Copyright: (c) Southampton University 1999-2004

-//              (c) Andy Rushton           2004-2009

-//   License:   BSD License, see ../docs/license.html

-

-//   Adds missing arithmetic exceptions used in this library but missing from std

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-#include "portability_fixes.hpp"

-#include <string>

-#include <stdexcept>

-

-namespace stlplus

-{

-

-  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-  // thrown by division when the divisor is zero

-  // This is a subclass of std::logic_error so can be caught by a generic catch clause for the superclass

-

-  class divide_by_zero : public std::logic_error {

-  public:

-    divide_by_zero (const std::string& what_arg): std::logic_error (what_arg) { }

-  };

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-} // end namespace stlplus

-

-#endif

diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/portability_fixes.cpp b/src/tool/moneycount/portability_fixes.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e26ee28..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/portability_fixes.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-//   Author:    Andy Rushton

-//   Copyright: (c) Southampton University 1999-2004

-//              (c) Andy Rushton           2004-2009

-//   License:   BSD License, see ../docs/license.html

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-#include "portability_fixes.hpp"

-

-#ifdef MSWINDOWS

-#include "windows.h"

-#endif

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// problems with missing functions

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-#ifdef MSWINDOWS

-unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds)

-{

-  Sleep(1000*seconds);

-  // should return remaining time if interrupted - however Windoze Sleep cannot be interrupted

-  return 0;

-}

-#endif

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Function for establishing endian-ness

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-bool stlplus::little_endian(void)

-{

-  int sample = 1;

-  char* sample_bytes = (char*)&sample;

-  return sample_bytes[0] != 0;

-}

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

diff --git a/src/tool/moneycount/portability_fixes.hpp b/src/tool/moneycount/portability_fixes.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b6a030c..0000000
--- a/src/tool/moneycount/portability_fixes.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef STLPLUS_PORTABILITY_FIXES

-#define STLPLUS_PORTABILITY_FIXES

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-//   Author:    Andy Rushton

-//   Copyright: (c) Southampton University 1999-2004

-//              (c) Andy Rushton           2004-2009

-//   License:   BSD License, see ../docs/license.html

-

-//   Contains work arounds for OS or Compiler specific problems to try to make

-//   them look more alike

-

-//   It is strongly recommended that this header be included as the first

-//   #include in every source file

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Problem with MicroSoft defining two different macros to identify Windows

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN32_WCE)

-#define MSWINDOWS

-#endif

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Problems with unnecessary or unfixable compiler warnings

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-#ifdef _MSC_VER

-// Microsoft Visual Studio

-// shut up the following irritating warnings

-//   4786 - VC6, identifier string exceeded maximum allowable length and was truncated (only affects debugger)

-//   4305 - VC6, identifier type was converted to a smaller type

-//   4503 - VC6, decorated name was longer than the maximum the compiler allows (only affects debugger)

-//   4309 - VC6, type conversion operation caused a constant to exceeded the space allocated for it

-//   4290 - VC6, C++ exception specification ignored

-//   4800 - VC6, forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)

-//   4675 - VC7.1, "change" in function overload resolution _might_ have altered program

-//   4996 - VC8, 'xxxx' was declared deprecated

-#pragma warning(disable: 4786 4305 4503 4309 4290 4800 4675 4996)

-#endif

-

-#ifdef __BORLANDC__

-// Borland

-// Shut up the following irritating warnings

-//   8026 - Functions with exception specifications are not expanded inline

-//   8027 - Functions with xxx are not expanded inline

-#pragma warn -8026

-#pragma warn -8027

-#endif

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Problems with redefinition of min/max in various different versions of library headers

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-// The Windows headers define macros called max/min which conflict with the templates std::max and std::min.

-// So, to avoid conflicts, MS removed the std::max/min rather than fixing the problem!

-// From Visual Studio .NET (SV7, compiler version 13.00) the STL templates have been added correctly.

-// For MFC compatibility, only undef min and max in non-MFC programs - some bits of MFC

-// use macro min/max in headers. 

-

-// I've created extra template function definitions minimum/maximum that avoid all the problems above

-

-namespace stlplus

-{

-  template<typename T> const T& maximum(const T& l, const T& r) {return l > r ? l : r;}

-  template<typename T> const T& minimum(const T& l, const T& r) {return l < r ? l : r;}

-}

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Problems with differences between namespaces

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-// Note: not sure of the relevance of this - maybe deprecated?

-// problem in gcc pre-v3 where the sub-namespaces in std aren't present

-// this mean that the statement "using namespace std::rel_ops" created an error because the namespace didn't exist

-

-// I've done a fix here that creates an empty namespace for this case, but I

-// do *not* try to move the contents of std::rel_ops into namespace std

-// This fix only works if you use "using namespace std::rel_ops" to bring in the template relational operators (e.g. != defined i.t.o. ==)

-

-#ifdef __GNUC__

-namespace std

-{

-  namespace rel_ops

-  {

-  }

-}

-#endif

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// problems with missing functions

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-

-#ifdef MSWINDOWS

-unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);

-#else

-#include <unistd.h>

-#endif

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Function for establishing endian-ness

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-// Different machine architectures store data using different byte orders.

-// This is referred to as Big- and Little-Endian Byte Ordering. 

-//

-// The issue is: where does a pointer to an integer type actually point?

-//

-// In both conventions, the address points to the left of the word but:

-// Big-Endian - The most significant byte is on the left end of a word

-// Little-Endian - The least significant byte is on the left end of a word

-//

-// Bytes are addressed left to right, so in big-endian order byte 0 is the

-// msB, whereas in little-endian order byte 0 is the lsB. For example,

-// Intel-based machines store data in little-endian byte order so byte 0 is

-// the lsB.

-//

-// This function establishes byte order at run-time

-

-namespace stlplus

-{

-  bool little_endian(void);

-}

-

-////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

-#endif

diff --git a/src/tool/skillfrob.cpp b/src/tool/skillfrob.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 901f765..0000000
--- a/src/tool/skillfrob.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-// Compile with
-//  gcc -m32 -Wall -Wno-pointer-sign -fno-strict-aliasing -I src/char -I src/common src/tool/skillfrob.c -o skillfrob  src/common/timer.o src/common/malloc.o src/common/socket.o src/common/lock.o src/common/db.o src/char/int_storage.o src/char/inter.o src/char/int_party.o src/char/int_guild.o
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include "../common/mmo.hpp"
-#include "../char/char.cpp"
-
-unsigned char skills[MAX_SKILL];
-
-void transform_char (struct mmo_charstatus *p)
-{
-    int  i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SKILL; i++)
-    {
-        if (skills[(*p).skill[i].id])
-        {
-            (*p).skill[i].lv = 0;
-            (*p).skill[i].flags = 0;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-int mmo_char_convert ()
-{
-    char line[965536];
-    int  ret;
-    struct mmo_charstatus char_dat;
-    FILE *ifp, *ofp;
-
-    ifp = stdin;
-    ofp = stdout;
-    while (fgets (line, 65535, ifp))
-    {
-        memset (&char_dat, 0, sizeof (struct mmo_charstatus));
-        ret = mmo_char_fromstr (line, &char_dat);
-        if (ret)
-        {
-            transform_char (&char_dat);
-            mmo_char_tostr (line, &char_dat);
-            fprintf (ofp, "%s\n", line);
-        }
-    }
-    fcloseall ();
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int init (int count, char **translates)
-{
-    int  i, skill;
-
-    memset (skills, 0, sizeof (skills));
-
-    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
-    {
-        skill = atoi (translates[i]);
-        if (skill > 0)
-        {
-            skills[skill] = 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main (int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    if (argc < 2)
-    {
-        printf ("Usage: %s skillid1 skillid2 ...\n", argv[0]);
-        exit (0);
-    }
-    if (init (argc - 1, argv + 1))
-        return 1;
-
-    mmo_char_convert ();
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/tool/stats.sh b/src/tool/stats.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 9ea021b..0000000
--- a/src/tool/stats.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-ATHENATXT="save/athena.txt"
-DEST="$HOME/public_html/stats"
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-money.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 RICHEST PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); sub(/ *[0-9]+$/,"",$6);print $6,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-money.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-level.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); print $3,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-level.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-str.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); sub(/^[0-9]+[[:space:]]*/,"",$9);print $9,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-str.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-agi.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); print $10,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-agi.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-vit.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); print $11,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-vit.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-int.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); print $12,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-int.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-dex.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); print $13,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-dex.txt
-
-:> ${DEST}/top-highest-luk.txt
-(echo "TOP 50 HIGHEST LEVEL PLAYERS"; echo ""; cat ${ATHENATXT} \
-| awk -F , '{sub(/^[0-9] */,"",$2);sub(/ *[0-9]$/,"",$2); sub(/[[:space:]]*[0-9]+$/,"",$14);print $14,$2}' \
-| sort -nr | head -n 50 | awk '{first=$1;$1="";print $0, "("first")"}' | nl -s ". "; echo ""; echo "Generated at `date`") >> ${DEST}/top-highest-luk.txt
diff --git a/src/warnings.hpp b/src/warnings.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4248155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/warnings.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+// no include guards
+// This is the first file in every compilation, passed by the makefile.
+// This file contains only preprocessor directions.
+
+// This file is currently targeted at:
+// GCC 4.6 (incomplete due to bugs)
+// GCC 4.7 (for few minor workarounds)
+// GCC 4.8 (zarro boogs found)
+// clang 3.1 (may ICE later)
+// clang 3.2 (with a few major workarounds)
+
+// List of warnings that require arguments,
+// and thus cannot reliably be activated:
+//  gcc 4.6:
+//      -Wlarger-than=<1024>
+//      -Wnormalized=<id|nfc|nfd>
+//      -Wsuggest-attribute=<noreturn,const,pure,format>
+//  gcc 4.7:
+//      -Wstack-usage=<8192>
+//  ???
+//      -Wstrict-aliasing=<1>
+//      -Wstrict-overflow=<1>
+
+// options that enable other options
+// only warnings so I can catch the errors
+#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wall"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wextra"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wunused"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wformat"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+# if __clang_major__ < 3
+#  error "your clang is way too old"
+# elif __clang_major__ == 3
+#  if __clang_minor__ < 1
+#   error "your clang is too old"
+#  endif // __clang_minor__
+# endif // __clang_major__
+#else // __clang__
+# if __GNUC__ < 4
+#  error "your gcc is way too old"
+#  if __GNUC_MINOR__ < 6
+#   error "your gcc is too old"
+#  elif __GNUC_MINOR__ == 6
+#   if __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ < 3
+#    error "TODO: test this patchlevel"
+#   endif // __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__
+#  elif __GNUC_MINOR__ == 7
+#   if __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ < 2
+#    error "your gcc has a known bad patchlevel"
+#   endif // __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__
+#  endif // __GNUC_MINOR__
+# endif // __GNUC__
+#endif // __clang__
+
+// BEGIN Macros to make my life easier
+
+// stringification requirement - #sw within #ar
+#define P(ar) _Pragma(#ar)
+
+// Use "GCC diagnostic" for warnings applicable to all versions.
+#define I(sw) P(GCC diagnostic ignored #sw)
+#define W(sw) P(GCC diagnostic warning #sw)
+#define E(sw) P(GCC diagnostic error #sw)
+// configurable thing (also change in clang below!)
+#define X(sw) I(sw)
+
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+
+// Use "clang diagnostic" for warnings specific to clang
+# define IC(sw) P(clang diagnostic ignored #sw)
+# define WC(sw) P(clang diagnostic warning #sw)
+# define EC(sw) P(clang diagnostic error #sw)
+# define XC(sw) IC(sw) // this is below
+
+// warning specific to gcc
+# define IG(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "skipped for clang");
+# define WG(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "skipped for clang");
+# define EG(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "skipped for clang");
+# define XG(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "skipped for clang");
+
+# define IG47(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+# define WG47(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+# define EG47(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+# define XG47(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+
+# define IG48(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+# define WG48(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+# define EG48(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+# define XG48(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+
+# define I47(sw) I(sw)
+# define W47(sw) W(sw)
+# define E47(sw) E(sw)
+# define X47(sw) X(sw)
+
+# define I48(sw) I(sw)
+# define W48(sw) W(sw)
+# define E48(sw) E(sw)
+# define X48(sw) X(sw)
+
+#else
+
+// warnings specific to clang
+# define IC(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "skipped for gcc");
+# define WC(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "skipped for gcc");
+# define EC(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "skipped for gcc");
+# define XC(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "skipped for gcc");
+
+// warnings specific to gcc
+# define IG(sw) I(sw)
+# define WG(sw) W(sw)
+# define EG(sw) E(sw)
+# define XG(sw) X(sw)
+
+// used both for warnings not implemented in a version
+// and for warnings that falsely trigger
+# if __GNUC__ == 4
+#  if __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7
+#   define IG47(sw) IG(sw)
+#   define WG47(sw) WG(sw)
+#   define EG47(sw) EG(sw)
+#   define XG47(sw) XG(sw)
+
+#   define I47(sw) I(sw)
+#   define W47(sw) W(sw)
+#   define E47(sw) E(sw)
+#   define X47(sw) X(sw)
+#  else
+#   define IG47(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+#   define WG47(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+#   define EG47(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+#   define XG47(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+");
+
+#   define I47(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+ or clang");
+#   define W47(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+ or clang");
+#   define E47(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+ or clang");
+#   define X47(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "only for gcc 4.7+ or clang");
+#  endif // __GNUC_MINOR__
+#  if __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8
+#   define IG48(sw) IG(sw)
+#   define WG48(sw) WG(sw)
+#   define EG48(sw) EG(sw)
+#   define XG48(sw) XG(sw)
+
+#   define I48(sw) IG(sw)
+#   define W48(sw) WG(sw)
+#   define E48(sw) EG(sw)
+#   define X48(sw) XG(sw)
+#  else
+#   define IG48(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+#   define WG48(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+#   define EG48(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+#   define XG48(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+");
+
+#   define I48(sw) static_assert('I', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+ or clang");
+#   define W48(sw) static_assert('W', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+ or clang");
+#   define E48(sw) static_assert('E', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+ or clang");
+#   define X48(sw) static_assert('X', #sw "only for gcc 4.8+ or clang");
+#  endif // __GNUC_MINOR__
+# endif // __GNUC__
+#endif // __clang__
+
+// END macros to make my life easier
+
+
+/// Warn about things that will change when compiling
+/// with an ABI-compliant compiler
+I(-Wabi)
+
+/// Warn if a subobject has an abi_tag attribute that
+/// the complete object type does not have
+WG48(-Wabi-tag)
+
+/// Warn about suspicious uses of memory addresses
+E(-Waddress)
+
+/// Warn about returning structures, unions or arrays
+I(-Waggregate-return)
+
+/// Warn if an array is accessed out of bounds
+E(-Warray-bounds)
+
+/// Warn about inappropriate attribute usage
+E(-Wattributes)
+
+/// Warn when a built-in preprocessor macro is
+// undefined or redefined
+E(-Wbuiltin-macro-redefined)
+
+/// Warn about C++ constructs whose meaning differs
+/// between ISO C++ 1998 and ISO C++ 2011
+E(-Wc++0x-compat)
+//W(-Wc++11-compat)
+
+/// Warn about pointer casts which increase alignment
+X(-Wcast-align)
+
+/// Warn about casts which discard qualifiers
+E(-Wcast-qual)
+
+/// Warn about subscripts whose type is "char"
+E(-Wchar-subscripts)
+
+/// Warn about variables that might be changed by
+/// "longjmp" or "vfork"
+EG(-Wclobbered)
+
+/// Warn about possibly nested block comments, and
+/// C++ comments spanning more than one physical line
+E(-Wcomment)
+
+/// Warn for implicit type conversions that may
+/// change a value
+X(-Wconversion)
+
+/// Warn for converting NULL from/to a non-pointer
+/// type
+E(-Wconversion-null)
+
+/// Warn in case profiles in -fprofile-use do not
+/// match
+WG(-Wcoverage-mismatch)
+
+///
+XC(-Wcovered-switch-default)
+
+/// Warn when a #warning directive is encountered
+WG(-Wcpp)
+
+/// Warn when all constructors and destructors are
+/// private
+E(-Wctor-dtor-privacy)
+
+/// Warn about deleting polymorphic objects with non-
+/// virtual destructors
+E47(-Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor)
+
+/// Warn if a deprecated compiler feature, class,
+/// method, or field is used
+W(-Wdeprecated)
+
+/// Warn about uses of __attribute__((deprecated))
+/// declarations
+W(-Wdeprecated-declarations)
+#ifdef QUIET
+I(-Wdeprecated-declarations)
+#endif
+
+/// Warn when an optimization pass is disabled
+W(-Wdisabled-optimization)
+
+/// Warn about compile-time integer division by zero
+E(-Wdiv-by-zero)
+
+///
+WC(-Wdocumentation)
+
+/// Warn about implicit conversions from "float" to
+/// "double"
+IG(-Wdouble-promotion)
+
+/// Warn about violations of Effective C++ style rules
+I(-Weffc++)
+
+/// Warn about an empty body in an if or else
+/// statement
+E(-Wempty-body)
+
+/// Warn about stray tokens after #elif and #endif
+E(-Wendif-labels)
+
+/// Warn about comparison of different enum types
+E(-Wenum-compare)
+
+///
+EC(-Wextra-semi)
+
+/// Warn if testing floating point numbers for
+/// equality
+E(-Wfloat-equal)
+
+/// Warn about printf/scanf/strftime/strfmon format
+/// string anomalies
+// see below
+EG(-Wformat)
+
+/// Warn about format strings that contain NUL bytes
+EG(-Wformat-contains-nul)
+
+/// Warn if passing too many arguments to a function
+/// for its format string
+E(-Wformat-extra-args)
+
+/// Warn about format strings that are not literals
+EG(-Wformat-nonliteral)
+// Available in clang, but not smart enough to handle constexpr.
+IC(-Wformat-nonliteral)
+
+/// Warn about possible security problems with format
+/// functions
+EG(-Wformat-security)
+// Same.
+IC(-Wformat-security)
+
+/// Warn about strftime formats yielding 2-digit years
+E(-Wformat-y2k)
+
+/// Warn about zero-length formats
+I(-Wformat-zero-length)
+
+/// Warn when attempting to free a non-heap object
+EG47(-Wfree-nonheap-object)
+
+// -Wgnu is a clang alias for -Wpedantic
+
+/// Warn whenever type qualifiers are ignored.
+E(-Wignored-qualifiers)
+
+///
+EC(-Wimplicit-fallthrough)
+
+/// Warn about C++11 inheriting constructors when the
+/// base has a variadic constructor
+WG48(-Winherited-variadic-ctor)
+
+/// Warn about variables which are initialized to
+/// themselves
+E(-Winit-self)
+
+/// Warn when an inlined function cannot be inlined
+X(-Winline)
+
+/// Warn when there is a cast to a pointer from an
+/// integer of a different size
+E(-Wint-to-pointer-cast)
+
+/// Warn when an atomic memory model parameter is
+/// known to be outside the valid range.
+WG47(-Winvalid-memory-model)
+
+/// Warn about invalid uses of the "offsetof" macro
+E(-Winvalid-offsetof)
+
+/// Warn about PCH files that are found but not used
+E(-Winvalid-pch)
+
+/// Warn when a string or character literal is
+/// followed by a ud-suffix which does not begin with
+/// an underscore.
+WG48(-Wliteral-suffix)
+
+/// Warn when a logical operator is suspiciously
+/// always evaluating to true or false
+WG(-Wlogical-op)
+
+/// Do not warn about using "long long" when -pedantic
+I(-Wlong-long)
+
+/// Warn about suspicious declarations of "main"
+E(-Wmain)
+
+/// Warn about maybe uninitialized automatic variables
+EG47(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
+
+/// Warn about possibly missing braces around
+/// initializers
+// beware of things like std::array!
+E(-Wmissing-braces)
+
+/// Warn about global functions without previous
+/// declarations
+E(-Wmissing-declarations)
+
+/// Warn about missing fields in struct initializers
+// Actually supported by GCC, but gives warnings when I don't want, e.g.:
+// Foo foo = {};
+EC(-Wmissing-field-initializers)
+IG(-Wmissing-field-initializers)
+
+/// Warn about functions which might be candidates
+/// for format attributes
+E(-Wmissing-format-attribute)
+
+/// Warn about user-specified include directories
+/// that do not exist
+E(-Wmissing-include-dirs)
+
+/// Warn about functions which might be candidates
+/// for __attribute__((noreturn))
+W(-Wmissing-noreturn)
+
+///
+// like -Wmissing-declarations but for variables instead of functions
+EC(-Wmissing-variable-declarations)
+
+/// Warn about constructs not instrumented by
+/// -fmudflap
+EG(-Wmudflap)
+
+/// Warn about use of multi-character character
+/// constants
+E(-Wmultichar)
+
+/// Warn about narrowing conversions within { } that
+/// are ill-formed in C++11
+EG47(-Wnarrowing)
+
+/// Warn when a noexcept expression evaluates to
+/// false even though the expression can't actually
+/// throw
+WG(-Wnoexcept)
+
+/// Warn when non-templatized friend functions are
+/// declared within a template
+EG(-Wnon-template-friend)
+
+/// Warn about non-virtual destructors
+E(-Wnon-virtual-dtor)
+
+/// Warn about NULL being passed to argument slots
+/// marked as requiring non-NULL
+E(-Wnonnull)
+
+///
+XC(-Wnull-conversion)
+
+/// Warn if a C-style cast is used in a program
+X(-Wold-style-cast)
+
+/// Warn about overflow in arithmetic expressions
+W(-Woverflow)
+
+/// Warn if a string is longer than the maximum
+/// portable length specified by the standard
+//X(-Woverlength-strings)
+
+/// Warn about overloaded virtual function names
+E(-Woverloaded-virtual)
+
+/// Warn when the packed attribute has no effect on
+/// struct layout
+E(-Wpacked)
+
+/// Warn about packed bit-fields whose offset changed
+/// in GCC 4.4
+WG(-Wpacked-bitfield-compat)
+
+/// Warn when padding is required to align structure
+/// members
+I(-Wpadded)
+
+/// Warn about possibly missing parentheses
+E(-Wparentheses)
+
+/// Issue warnings needed for strict compliance to
+/// the standard
+EG48(-Wpedantic)
+// a bit too noisy
+XC(-Wpedantic)
+
+/// Warn when converting the type of pointers to
+/// member functions
+EG(-Wpmf-conversions)
+
+/// Warn about function pointer arithmetic
+E(-Wpointer-arith)
+
+/// Warn about misuses of pragmas
+EG(-Wpragmas)
+
+/// Warn about multiple declarations of the same
+/// object
+W(-Wredundant-decls)
+
+/// Warn when the compiler reorders code
+E(-Wreorder)
+
+/// Warn about returning a pointer/reference to a
+/// local or temporary variable.
+WG48(-Wreturn-local-addr)
+
+/// Warn whenever a function's return type defaults
+/// to "int" (C), or about inconsistent return types
+/// (C++)
+E(-Wreturn-type)
+
+/// Warn about possible violations of sequence point
+/// rules
+E(-Wsequence-point)
+
+/// Warn when one local variable shadows another
+E(-Wshadow)
+
+/// Warn about signed-unsigned comparisons
+X(-Wsign-compare)
+
+/// Warn when overload promotes from unsigned to
+/// signed
+X(-Wsign-promo)
+
+/// This switch lacks documentation
+WG48(-Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess)
+
+/// Warn when not issuing stack smashing protection
+/// for some reason
+X(-Wstack-protector)
+
+/// Warn about code which might break strict aliasing
+/// rules
+E(-Wstrict-aliasing)
+
+/// Warn about uncasted NULL used as sentinel
+WG(-Wstrict-null-sentinel)
+
+/// Warn about optimizations that assume that signed
+/// overflow is undefined
+X(-Wstrict-overflow)
+
+/// Warn about enumerated switches, with no default,
+/// missing a case
+X(-Wswitch)
+
+/// Warn about enumerated switches missing a
+/// "default:" statement
+X(-Wswitch-default)
+
+/// Warn about all enumerated switches missing a
+/// specific case
+X(-Wswitch-enum)
+
+/// Warn when __sync_fetch_and_nand and
+/// __sync_nand_and_fetch built-in functions are used
+WG(-Wsync-nand)
+
+/// Warn whenever a trampoline is generated
+EG(-Wtrampolines)
+
+/// Warn if trigraphs are encountered that might
+/// affect the meaning of the program
+E(-Wtrigraphs)
+
+/// Warn if a comparison is always true or always
+/// false due to the limited range of the data type
+E(-Wtype-limits)
+
+/// Warn if an undefined macro is used in an #if
+/// directive
+E(-Wundef)
+
+/// Warn about uninitialized automatic variables
+E(-Wuninitialized)
+
+/// Warn about unrecognized pragmas
+E(-Wunknown-pragmas)
+
+///
+// Not an error because of some remaining enum+default
+WC(-Wunreachable-code)
+
+/// Warn if the loop cannot be optimized due to
+/// nontrivial assumptions.
+XG(-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations)
+
+/// Warn when a function parameter is only set,
+/// otherwise unused
+EG(-Wunused-but-set-parameter)
+
+/// Warn when a variable is only set, otherwise unused
+EG(-Wunused-but-set-variable)
+
+/// Warn when a function is unused
+E(-Wunused-function)
+
+/// Warn when a label is unused
+E(-Wunused-label)
+
+/// Warn when typedefs locally defined in a function
+/// are not used
+EG47(-Wunused-local-typedefs)
+
+/// Warn about macros defined in the main file that
+/// are not used
+W(-Wunused-macros)
+
+/// Warn when a function parameter is unused
+E(-Wunused-parameter)
+
+/// Warn if a caller of a function, marked with
+/// attribute warn_unused_result, does not use its
+/// return value
+W(-Wunused-result)
+
+/// Warn when an expression value is unused
+E(-Wunused-value)
+
+/// Warn when a variable is unused
+E(-Wunused-variable)
+
+/// Warn about useless casts
+EG48(-Wuseless-cast)
+
+/// Warn about questionable usage of the macros used
+/// to retrieve variable arguments
+EG48(-Wvarargs)
+
+/// Warn about using variadic macros
+W(-Wvariadic-macros)
+
+/// Warn when a vector operation is compiled
+/// outside the SIMD
+WG47(-Wvector-operation-performance)
+
+/// Warn if a virtual base has a non-trivial move
+/// assignment operator
+EG48(-Wvirtual-move-assign)
+
+/// Warn if a variable length array is used
+I(-Wvla)
+
+/// Warn when a register variable is declared volatile
+E(-Wvolatile-register-var)
+
+/// In C++, nonzero means warn about deprecated
+/// conversion from string literals to 'char *'.  In
+/// C, similar warning, except that the conversion is
+/// of course not deprecated by the ISO C standard.
+E(-Wwrite-strings)
+
+/// Warn when a literal '0' is used as null
+/// pointer
+XG47(-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant)
+
+
+// clean up after myself
+#undef P
+
+#undef I
+#undef W
+#undef E
+#undef X
+
+#undef IC
+#undef WC
+#undef EC
+#undef XC
+
+#undef IG
+#undef WG
+#undef EG
+#undef XG
+
+#undef IG47
+#undef WG47
+#undef EG47
+#undef XG47
+
+#undef IG48
+#undef WG48
+#undef EG48
+#undef XG48
+
+#undef I47
+#undef W47
+#undef E47
+#undef X47
+
+#undef I48
+#undef W48
+#undef E48
+#undef X48
diff --git a/src/webserver/GNUmakefile b/src/webserver/GNUmakefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 0520440..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/GNUmakefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-.SUFFIXES:
-all:
-	${MAKE} -C ../.. webserver
-clean:
-	rm -r ../../obj/webserver/
-%::
-	${MAKE} -C ../.. obj/webserver/$@
diff --git a/src/webserver/doc/API.txt b/src/webserver/doc/API.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c80f7bd..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/doc/API.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-Here's the webserver API, so you can work on the webserver.
-
-My personal goal is to make this interface simple, so that coding it
-will be like coding in some scripting language...
-
-
-
-char *get_param(char in_string[500], char swhat[500]);
-
-This function simply returns various data from the query string.
-	*Pass get_param NOTHING longer than 500 in length!
-
-	What do I pass where in_string is?
-		The query string.
-
-	What do I pass where swhat is?
-		One of two things...
-		Either 0 for the path of the 'page'
-		or you can pass it the param you wish to lookup. 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-char *get_query(char *inquery);
-
-This function simply returns a query string from the raw server request.
-This is used once in main, I doubt you'll need it.
-
-
-
-
-
-void web_send(int sockin, char *in_data);
-
-Super easy way of sending data to a webpage!
-Simply put in the socket name and then the data.
-
-	Ex:
-		web_send(socket, "I like cheese!\n");
-
-
-
-
-char *html_header(char* title);
-Easy way to print the eAthena header for the server.
-
-	Ex:
-		web_send(sockethere, html_header("About"));
diff --git a/src/webserver/doc/README b/src/webserver/doc/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e94ff2..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/doc/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-This readme is intended for the programmers of eAthena.
-
-This webserver's apis are in API.txt.
-
-To make this simple, generate.c should handle most of the work this sever does
-in terms of what people see.
-
-When a request is made the server shoots it off to generate.c.
-
-You are welcome to create more functions used by generate.c to generate pages
-though, so don't feel limited by that one file.
diff --git a/src/webserver/generate.cpp b/src/webserver/generate.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1fed224..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/generate.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-
-void generate_page (char password[25], int sock_in, char *query, char *ip)
-{
-    char *page = get_param (query, 0);
-    char *ppass = get_param (query, "password");
-
-    if ((ppass == 0) || (strcmp (password, ppass) != 0))
-    {
-        web_send (sock_in, html_header ("Enter your password"));
-        web_send (sock_in,
-                  "<H1>NOT LOGGED IN!</H1><form action=\"/\" method=\"GET\">\n");
-        web_send (sock_in,
-                  "Enter your password:<br>\n<input type=\"text\" name=\"password\">\n");
-        web_send (sock_in, "<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Login\">\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-
-        //To make this simple, we will have a bunch of if statements
-        //that then shoot out data off into functions.
-
-        //The 'index'
-        if (strcmp (page, "/") == 0)
-            generate_notdone (sock_in, query, ip);
-
-        //About page:
-        if (strcmp (page, "/about.html") == 0)
-            generate_about (sock_in, query, ip);
-
-        //Test page:
-        if (strcmp (page, "/testing/") == 0)
-            generate_sample (sock_in, query, ip);
-
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/htmlstyle.cpp b/src/webserver/htmlstyle.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 3007a24..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/htmlstyle.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-char output[10000];
-
-char *html_header (char *title)
-{
-    memset (output, 0x0, 10000);
-    char *text =
-        "<body text=\"#000000\" bgcolor=\"#939393\" link=\"#0033FF\">\n"
-        "<br><table width=\"92%\" cellspacing=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\"\n"
-        "align=\"center\" class=\"bordercolor\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"bordercolor\" width=\"100%\">\n"
-        "<table bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n"
-        "<tbody><tr><td><table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\n"
-        "<tbody><tr><img src=\"http://eathena.sourceforge.net/athena.jpg\" alt=\"Athena\">\n"
-        "<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>\n"
-        "</td></tr><tr align=\"left\"><td class=\"bordercolor\"><table bgcolor=\"#c6c6c6\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\"\n"
-        "cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"text-align: left; margin-right: auto; margin-left: 0px;\">\n";
-    "<tbody><tr><td width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"3\"\n"
-        "cellspacing=\"0\" bgcolor=\"#c6c6c6\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr>"
-        "<td valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#c6c6c6\" align=\"center\"><a href=\"/cgi-bin/forum/YaBB.cgi\">"
-        "<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\n"
-        "To the Forum</span></span></a><br></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody>\n"
-        "</table></td></tr><tr><td class=\"bordercolor\" align=\"center\">\n"
-        "<table bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n"
-        "<tbody><tr><td width=\"100%\" align=\"center\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"5\"\n"
-        "cellspacing=\"0\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr>\n"
-        "<td valign=\"middle\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" align=\"center\"><font size=\"2\" color=\"#6e94b7\">\n"
-        "<b>Athena</b> &laquo; Portal &raquo;</font></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody>"
-        "</table></td></tr></tbody></table>\n";
-
-    sprintf (output, "<title>%s</title>\n%s\n", title, text);
-
-    return output;
-}
-
-char *html_start_form (char *location, char *action)
-{
-    memset (output, 0x0, 10000);
-    sprintf (output, "<form action=\"%s\" method=\"%s\">", location, action);
-    return output;
-
-}
-
-char *html_end_forum (void)
-{
-    return "</form>";
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/logs.cpp b/src/webserver/logs.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 67bf55e..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/logs.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#include <time.h>
-
-void log_visit (char *query, char *ip)
-{
-    time_t timer;
-    timer = time (NULL);
-    printf ("%s - \"%s\" - %s", ip, query, asctime (localtime (&timer)));
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/main.cpp b/src/webserver/main.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0e227d3..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/main.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,145 +0,0 @@
-/***************************************************************************
-                                description
-                             -------------------
-    author               : (C) 2004 by Michael J. Flickinger
-    email                : mjflick@cpan.org
-
- ***************************************************************************/
-
-/***************************************************************************
- *                                                                         *
- *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
- *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
- *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
- *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
- *                                                                         *
- ***************************************************************************/
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-
-#define BLOG 10
-
-char *header = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN\">\n";
-char recvin[500], password[25];
-int  s_port;
-
-void sigchld_handler (int s)
-{
-    while (wait (NULL) > 0);
-}
-
-int main (int argc, char **argv)
-{
-    if (argc < 3)
-    {
-        printf ("eAthena Web Server\n");
-        printf ("usage: %s [password] [port]\n", argv[0]);
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    s_port = atoi (argv[2]);
-
-    if ((s_port < 1) || (s_port > 65534))
-    {
-        printf ("Error: The port you choose is not valid port.\n");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    if (strlen (argv[1]) > 25)
-    {
-        printf ("Error: Your password is too long.\n");
-        printf ("It must be shorter than 25 characters.\n");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    memset (password, 0x0, 25);
-    memcpy (password, argv[1], strlen (argv[1]));
-
-    int  sockfd, new_fd;
-    struct sockaddr_in my_addr;
-    struct sockaddr_in their_addr;
-    int  sin_size;
-
-    struct sigaction sa;
-
-    int  yes = 1;
-
-    if ((sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
-    {
-        perror ("Darn, this is broken.");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    if (setsockopt (sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof (int)) ==
-        -1)
-    {
-        perror ("Error... :-(");
-    }
-
-    //Now we know we have a working socket. :-)
-
-    my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
-    my_addr.sin_port = htons (s_port);
-    my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
-    memset (&(my_addr.sin_zero), '\0', 8);
-
-    if (bind (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &my_addr, sizeof (struct sockaddr))
-        == -1)
-    {
-        perror ("can not bind to this port");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    if (listen (sockfd, BLOG) == -1)
-    {
-        perror ("can not listen on port");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler;
-
-    sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
-    sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
-
-    if (sigaction (SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1)
-    {
-        perror ("sigaction sucks");
-        exit (0);
-    }
-
-    printf ("The eAthena webserver is up and listening on port %i.\n",
-            s_port);
-
-    while (1)
-    {
-        sin_size = sizeof (struct sockaddr_in);
-        new_fd = accept (sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &their_addr, &sin_size);
-
-        if (!fork ())
-        {
-            close (sockfd);
-            memset (recvin, 0x0, 500);
-            recv (new_fd, recvin, 500, 0);
-            send (new_fd, header, strlen (header), 0);
-            generate_page (password, new_fd, get_query (recvin),
-                           inet_ntoa (their_addr.sin_addr));
-            log_visit (get_query (recvin), inet_ntoa (their_addr.sin_addr));
-
-            close (new_fd);
-            exit (0);
-        }
-        close (new_fd);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/pages/about.cpp b/src/webserver/pages/about.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b548da9..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/pages/about.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-void generate_about (int sock_in, char *query, char *ip)
-{
-//printf("%s", html_header("About"));
-    web_send (sock_in, html_header ("About"));
-    web_send (sock_in, "<center>eAthena Web Server!</center>\n");
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/pages/notdone.cpp b/src/webserver/pages/notdone.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1fcd44b..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/pages/notdone.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-void generate_notdone (int sock_in, char *query, char *ip)
-{
-    web_send (sock_in, "<title>Not here!</title>\n");
-    web_send (sock_in,
-              "<h2><center>This page/feature is not done yet.</center>\n</h2>");
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/pages/sample.cpp b/src/webserver/pages/sample.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a33dc0..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/pages/sample.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-
-void generate_sample (int sock_in, char *query, char *ip)
-{
-
-    char *name = get_param (query, "name");
-
-    web_send (sock_in, "<title>SAMPLE</title>\n");
-
-    //If a name was not entered...
-    if (name == '\0')
-    {
-        web_send (sock_in, "<form action=\"/testing/\" method=\"GET\">\n");
-        web_send (sock_in, "<input type=\"text\" name=\"name\">\n");
-        web_send (sock_in, "<input type=\"submit\">\n");
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        web_send (sock_in, "Your name is: ");
-        web_send (sock_in, get_param (query, "name"));
-    }
-    printf ("OK!\n");
-}
diff --git a/src/webserver/parse.cpp b/src/webserver/parse.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 66ef43b..0000000
--- a/src/webserver/parse.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-char filtered_query[2000];
-char rdata[500];
-char param_n[500];
-char param_d[500];
-
-char *get_query (char *inquery)
-{
-    memset (filtered_query, 0x0, 2000);
-    sscanf (inquery, "GET %s %[$]", filtered_query);
-    return (filtered_query);
-}
-
-void web_send (int sockin, char *in_data)
-{
-    send (sockin, in_data, strlen (in_data), 0);
-}
-
-//THIS IS BAD CODE BE CAREFULL WITH IT!
-//Watch out for buffer overflow...
-//When using please make sure to check the string size.
-
-//Also note:
-//I take no pride in this code, it is a really bad way of doing this...
-char *get_param (char in_string[500], char swhat[500])
-{
-    int  i = 0;
-    int  marker, iswitch, pint, dint;
-    char flux[500];
-    memset (flux, 0x0, 500);
-
-    //Get the path of out "page"
-    if (swhat == 0)
-    {
-        //while i is not equal to array size
-        while (i != 500)
-        {
-            //if there is a question mark, halt!
-            if (in_string[i] == '?')
-            {
-                i = 499;
-            }
-            else
-                rdata[i] = in_string[i];
-
-            i++;
-        }
-        return rdata;
-    }
-    else                        //so, we want a param...
-    {
-        //calculate where param begins
-        while (i != 500)
-        {
-            if (in_string[i] == '?')
-            {
-                marker = i + 1;
-                i = 499;
-            }
-            i++;
-        }
-
-        i = 0;
-
-        //keep morons from trying to crash this
-        if ((marker > 500) || (marker < 1))
-            marker = 500;
-
-        while (marker != 500)
-        {
-            if ((in_string[marker] != '&') && (in_string[marker] != '\0'))
-            {
-                flux[i] = in_string[marker];
-                i++;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-
-                //we have a param, now we must dig through it
-
-                //clear temp vars
-                memset (param_n, 0x0, 500);
-                memset (param_d, 0x0, 500);
-                iswitch = 0;
-                pint = 0;
-                dint = 0;
-                i = 0;
-
-                //split result into param_n and param_d
-                while (i != 500)
-                {
-                    if ((flux[i] != '=') && (flux[i] != '\0'))
-                    {
-                        if (iswitch == 0)
-                        {
-                            param_n[pint] = flux[i];
-                            pint++;
-                        }
-                        else
-                        {
-                            param_d[dint] = flux[i];
-                            dint++;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        iswitch = 1;
-                    }
-                    if (flux[i] == '\0')
-                        i = 499;
-
-                    i++;
-                }
-
-                if (strcmp (param_n, swhat) == 0)
-                {
-                    return param_d;
-                }
-
-                i = 0;
-            }
-
-            if (in_string[marker] == '\0')
-            {
-                marker = 499;
-            }
-            marker++;
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/warnings b/warnings
deleted file mode 100644
index b9ff330..0000000
--- a/warnings
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
--Werror=all
--Werror=implicit-function-declaration
--Wextra
--Werror=write-strings
--Wunused
--Wshadow
--Werror=strict-prototypes
--Werror=old-style-definition
--Werror=missing-declarations
--Wvla
--Wstack-protector
--Wno-conversion
--Wlogical-op
--Wformat=2
--Winit-self
--Wmissing-include-dirs
--Wsuggest-attribute=pure
--Wsuggest-attribute=const
--Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn
--Wtrampolines
--Wfloat-equal
--Wmissing-format-attribute
--Werror=redundant-decls
--Wno-sign-compare
-
--Wno-switch
--Wno-format-zero-length